88
Different Classes of Population in 1830.
Whites. Slaves. Free col'd Persons.
Males.147,315 53,429 34,920
Females.143,778 49,449 28,022
Total 291,093 102,878 52,942
Deaf and dumb white persons.. 131 ; slaves and colored persons 82Blind, white persons,.156 , slaves and colored persons 117
Population.
In 1790,
319,728
“ 1800,
345,824
Increase from 1790 to 1800,
“ 1810,
380,546
1800 1810,
“ 1820,
407,350
1810 1820,
“ 1830,
446,913
1820 1830,
The principal rivers are the Potomac , which divides this state from Virginia ,Susquehannah, Patapsco, Patuxent, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanti-coke, and Pocomoke.
In the counties on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake , the land is generallylevel and low, and in many places is covered with stagnant waters, giving risein the summer and fall months to agues, and intermittent fevers. On the west-ern shore, the land below the lowest falls of the river, is principally level andfree from stones. Above these falls the country becomes successively unevenand hilly, and in the western part of the state is mountainous. The principalrange of mountains is the Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which pass throughthe state in a northerly direction from Virginia into Pennsylvania . The extremewestern part of the state is crossed by the Alleghany mountains. Betweenthese and the Blue Ridge are several inferior chains, as Will’s mountain, Evit’s,Warrior, and Ragged mountains, and Sideling hill. The soil is well adaptedto the culture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple productions of thestate. Some cotton of inferior quality is also raised, and in the western coun-ties, considerable quantities of flax and hemp. Two articles are said to bepeculiar to Maryland ; the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, QueenAnn’s, and Talbot counties, on the eastern shore; and the bright kite's-foottobacco, which is produced on some parts of the western shore, south of Balti more . The forests abound with various kinds of nuts, used for fattening hogs,which run wild in the woods, and are killed in considerable numbers for export-ation. Apples and peaches are abundant.
Excellent roads proceed from Baltimore in various directions. There is aturnpike from Baltimore to Cumberland on the Potomac , a distance of 135miles. From Cumberland to Brownsville on the Monongahela, in Pennsylva nia , there is now completed by the United States , a free turnpike road , of themost superior construction. The distance is 72 miles, making the whole dis-tance from Baltimore to Brownsville 207 miles. This is the shortest and bestcommunication yet opened between the tide water of the Atlantic and the navi-gable western waters. A turnpike extends from Baltimore , in a north-westdirection, 16 miles, to Reistertown, and there divides; one branch turningmore to the north meets the Pennsylvania line in 19 miles ; the other in a W.N. W. direction, runs 29 miles in Maryland .
Iron ore abounds in various parts of the state, and coal is found in inexhausti-ble quantities, and of a superior quality, on the Potomac , in the neighborhoodof Cumberland . Furnaces have been erected in various places for the manu-facture of iron. Glass, paper, and whiskey are also made in considerablequantities. The value of manufactures in 1830, was 811,468,794. The prin-cipal exports are flour and tobacco. The value of the exports for the yearending September 30th, 1829, was $4,804,364. Maryland is the fourth state