Sg*llEl&
SpJPf
IwRiriKSi^ i 1 '^ ■ ■ •' •■• •“'■'• hf - *-® 1'i i'rt i m L -rraf MfWi 1 " ’ uli n i ; •■ I ' ViT i i in
vV-*£
> ■*•*.*,
iV^v
(syjSHS^:
mmmm
SZf?~ lv' # 7 , / ,, v ■* .' ►“•'
&'!¥<
M; ff,-^.».v5;r, ■'
ac*r*$
, F” *
■ -jT,.
rwA$r- ■
ini
■fr . ' win
' "\tt
••'j-Vi V’
4"fa?i
■»-.‘iw
,rvr^6i
«&**

■«V'*

f£ s n
4- iso / r m d s
b;
If- l/o / J
-k;
I
I

.TfirT-
*A V
"-*r'- ; ' **£&#&
* 0 ^- i ^ 2 jb»
'sssvst
&s&?i
'■' -.. .11
!is^s*ii !
;SS*S#®
§!&§««
telS^SN^
*j%jj&$Fj&..
’usoji Tail;
ias. TVa'^i
rhotn^rficph bv.Kr'tmn.«cm
!<fich2Cfid tr?m
•:.. *.i-. J*. 4 t«ij
pk:
StSig
ROY A 1 . CNGINE.FR PARK
N BEAU or CHAPMANS BATTERY (LEFT ATTACK.)
%*%$%£&
'*?*£'&? f ~/-
mz *~
yjj
* J{
S't <>
-asaateT
„YE 7 ’,i« 5 »« 4 if,
i£E<*
msMwK
’ 2 b**fJSsm£»
js*« sgss 5
Jccs. .Ferguson .Lith..
.Dravrn by C’ol Biddldph..
Site:
t; .
«£f
sisWTH'Kr
;skf:ich or the middle ravine,
DIVIDING THE RIGHT FROM THF., LETT ATTACK
SaL.
v ^w - -^ J : f ~"* m ! m ‘ X ~'’" - - ««m
i - TTTi!V-i>
■r- ■:*■(-'wt
SWMmMg;
wmmmmrnm
‘fifC-M
•»«*£*
■* ’ " 'J
« 5 iiA-; • ■'^Fa'a'> vL 3 S»iw *35
:-^s$g
w ,
I8IPISP
®9F' . ■
^AWi#
■.•■w;-TSJir- 2 iW«
P 5 ?e
DRAWN BY LirUT: COWELL. R.E
t A K 0 r T
M A M F L O N
R t D A N
fORT PAUL
BAT T fR
BAHRAOl
RIGHT
CONDOR:
N? 10
CREEK
DOCKYARD
/1
_ «“S ,
'?' 4 "ST!fi." 1 Wi<i*'
^cquET hoo5E batt'
N* : ftv . ->

1854-5
lith-f at the Topographical Dep'hy J. Ferguson.
■■ T !; 1
a '0-Elphiiu,i^n 0il , o] /
SAY
4 K* :
r-sjaSyffi'
ROYAL ENGINEER PARK.
( RICHT ATTACK )

J 0 Lf Ji i N f A 1
OF THE
a v
i if t 11
!ii fj
BY THE
J'.rr r
PUBLISHED BY ORDER OK THE
SECRETARY OK STATE KOR WAR
PART I.
From the Invasion of the Crimea.to the dose of the Winter Campaign 1854-55,
I! Y
CAPTAIN II. C. EL PH IS ST ONE, R . E.
of the Topographical Depot/.
V
PRINTFI) BYGKORGF, KDWARI) FYRF AND WTMJAM SPOTTISWOODi;
Printers to the Queen's Most Excellent Maiesty.
1859.

* K#
:e-Wf?r;
W&s»i
»54,r-i
*££
£&&3
g&as
r-4>v
• —
^to.<;
**■ ' i w gtftyj frg;
,§¥S5V
£ /'»:-'t
mm
;uv!
• : 4*^3£i

Letter from the War Department
Preface Introduction Invasion of the Crimea Siege of Sebastopol
Appendix

Ill
War Department,
Sir, 30th September 1856.
I am directed by Lord Panmure to request that you will state to His Royal Highness the General Commanding-in-Chief, that Lord Panmure considers it expedient, while the incidents of the Siege of Sebastopol are still recent, and the Officers who conducted the important operations of the British Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers at that siege are still for the most part within reach, that an official record should he compiled relating all that is of interest or value to those arms of the service, whether for future instruction or as matter of history, a record that will be in some degree similar to those published by Colonel, afterwards Sir J. Jones, of the sieges of the Peninsular War. Lord Panmure apprehends that there will now be no difficulty in collecting these facts, and preserving the experience acquired through them, although a short lapse of time may make it difficult; and I am to request that you will move His Royal Highness to call upon the Inspector-General of Fortifications and the Adjutant-General of Artillery to compile in a narrative form, with statistical Appendix, and with any illustrations required, all those particulars relating to their arm of the service which they deem of professional value, and to embody the same in a Report for his Lordship’s information.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) JOHN CROOMES,
For the Under-Secretary of State.
The Military Secretary,
Horse Guards.
b

iaaKii'isrfjQ
nr
. *
,y 'i ns-: *.;>!..» lio -Hi'.r'U O.-'-n''. v : "-If: i:l ad !?;■« Siuij In-.-Otr. r. ■ > v»;‘-
irtcl* I. 1 :/ UdJ t ! &wmra;‘? bfoJ ;d r r?n i
. ,' u>i • ;_'7 ]■/_>;. ' ■ • * ; ' 'id? !■ 1 ‘.I1 i. F: /llH *111
:***:& "jo ‘.-.u; ’.U ;-,wd-v? • d- !,&<?' i:
v ,> *!i> > • j : -I'T 1 - us'-:: ■ •-'jfsO .trww* ffh°.
‘ ' ' ' ' ' i *
7i ;j f, ■ ■■■•;■ i r •.; '-n-'-, Lti» violin/. ifeitiiU
i ' ,i', :), ;{f . • ! >; ■■•■■; ,-i ; !Hv 5 ;r.tj ^orrr
■ *■ ' u ' >' Ituif Hii j n 'tmfrii
j. . i( '- , , ‘‘jz'itviji,' l s-sjidfHf fri'iy.-;-
lil-t, • .-trfjj .♦.ciij viu-?: ••'••* ’• > Jo
ft f 1 . i 1 r \■,*:' ■ s;«; ,< j r'-1 v** • .' i o j * ^ - j i x /) [ ,r j s ifi 1 c* Tfoa
. *• '.-’iiia v-joi ciiuj *io •♦’K'ife is d: 'fOfftk ,iu'>:U itewnit ly/wfpoa
,«MI S i^«* OS r-Si-d.iE ;.:; i-:U «■<!"/ H«* AH*y *KMIf *'C *•>* -'!»B 1 hlS
... Ts.. x /. Ollj f.-it.” ;:r5>!U!ar»J>.0 f -I k> l«T-j(ft
.. ‘ U-Vff /• hn: l^lnln xji hi «y»J rtT} 4 !»r' ii tii ‘jpfntiuy o.f
. ,4j; -j,., ^.v,; -i;-„•<) .... iJailvi ru’.by-lftaq --.-dj lit; ,bi»i»xip?t gnyhr.n)'/tili
>*, „ n ,fi
h^lit'.) -ii ?<”••• Idr’oi.s-d'r;-; t. Y'sdl >r.|v/ yi?/*#;>«
. t KiUOOft\) y .HOL (ktir,itt)
rAi'dl •:;!* ?u'!
«v‘«*ttiT>£>£ 'f;4»dTr0f/f}riT
I

V
PREFACE TO THE FIRST VOLUME.
In compliance with the preceding instructions of the Secretary of State for War, this volume has been drawn up in two distinct parts; the one containing a general narrative of events, from the commencement of the war to the close of the winter campaign 1854-55; the other, a Statistical Appendix including the more important official documents relating to that interval, a series of papers hy Sir John Burgoyne on matters referring to the siege, a detailed Trench Journal showing the work executed each day, and several Reports of great interest, in connection with the operations in the Crimea.
The strictly professional character of the work has constantly been kept in view, and nothing has been inserted that was not required to elucidate the engineering operations. This will to some extent explain why several of the more important events of the campaign have been but casually alluded to, whereas others, solely of professional interest, but of little importance to a general reader, have been dwelt upon at considerable length. This will necessarily render the work unattractive in a general sense; nor was it to be expected that the interest of an ordinary narrative could have been attained under this condition of a strictly technical treatment.
The data upon which this volume has been based have been obtained from the official documents in the offices of the Adjutant-General, Quartermaster-General, and Inspector-General of fortifications. Recourse has likewise been had to the journals of some of the Officers of Engineers, who most

VI
PREFACE.
kindly placed them at the disposal of the compiler; but these last-named documents have been used but sparingly and with due circumspection.
The Reports at the end of the Appendix have all been written subsequent to the War, by the persons who respectively had the charge of the particular duties to which they refer.
The operation of landing in the Crimea, although strictly a naval proceeding, involved so many strategical and tactical points, and was an operation of such magnitude, and so successfully executed, that a detailed description of this operation was considered necessary; and on referring the matter to Captain Mends, R.N., who had the charge of its execution, he drew up, in a most obliging manner, the very able Report which has been inserted in the Appendix.

JOURNAL
OF THE
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
INTRODUCTION.
During the early stage of hostilities, when the Russians, superior in numbers, were besieging the Ottoman army at Silistria, and when the constant accession of their reinforcements rendered it not improbable that they would soon become masters of that important post, and force the Turkish troops to retreat to their second line of defence along the Balkan, at that critical turning point of the whole Avar the allied armies of the French and English concentrated around Varna.
It was naturally thought that the presence of so large and well-disciplined a force as that of the allies, so close to the scene of action,as Varna, would support to some extent the Turkish troops, and tend to check the further advance of the Russians ; and that at the same time the allies afforded this indirect assistance, they would have leisure to make such preparations as were necessary to enable them also to commence offensive operations. At this time their equipment was still too incomplete to permit of their advancing into a country so destitute of supplies of every description as the Principalities then were. But by occupying Varna they held a most important military position, the possession of which would have opened to the , enemy one of the principal passes across the Balkan, from whence he could s have turned the intrenched position at Slmmla, and thus have opened the main road to the Ottoman capital.
Varna was, moreover, the most suitable base of operations that the allies could have selected for future offensive movements into the Principalities.
A
The allied armies concentrate around Varna.

2
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
It possessed a spacious sheltered roadstead, with fair anchorage; from it debouched the main communication from the Black Sea (the base of their operations) to Shumla and Silistria; and it was the principal mart on the western coast for cattle, poultry, and grain.
These advantages were, however, to some extent counterbalanced by the rather unhealthy situation of the town, by the absence of suitable landing- places, and of a sufficiency of buildings, applicable either as hospitals or storehouses ; and as the Principalities were still at that time regarded as the proper theatre of war, it became important to render Varna as efficient a “ base ; of operations” as possible. Every exertion was made, in consequence, to enlarge, as far as practicable, the capabilities of the place, and to remedy some of the most serious existing defects.
The large Turkish barrack, at that time in a condition rendering it unlit for occupation, was converted into a hospital; store sheds were erected ; wharves were built; one near the town for provisions and stores, another on the southern or more sheltered side of the bay for the disembarkation of troops and horses; the principal fountains and springs were put in order, and watering troughs for horses and cattle added, &c. &c.
The construction of these works devolved upon the Royal Engineers; and although the army had not yet engaged in any active movements in the field, and was still close to its base of operations, it was strongly felt, even under circumstances so favourable, how much the service would have been benefited had this corps been more fully supplied with men and means, and had its organization for taking the field been more complete.
Four companies of this corps, each consisting of 100 men, had been embarked for the East, and three, viz., the 8th Company (Capt. Bouchier’s), the 10th Company (Capt. Bent’s), and the 11th Company (Capt. Hassard’s), were then present with the different divisions of the army in and around Varna. From these detachments had been sent, at various times, upon important and responsible duties. A subaltern’s detachment, under Capt. G. Bent, accompanied the Turkish force under Omer Pasha, and was employed in constructing a bridge of boats across the rapid stream of the Danube, in throwing up a “ tete-de-pont ” and works for the protection of Giurgevo, and upon various other duties.
Another detachment, under the command of Lieut. Stanton, accompanied Admiral Dundas’ fleet in the Black Sea, A third, commanded by Lieut. Lempriere, had been sent to the Asiatic coast, to fortify Redoubt Kaleh, recently abandoned by the Russians. The withdrawal of these detachments, sickness, and other causes, at length reduced the available strength of the main body at Varna to 220 effective men, a force far too small to carry on the various needed works with the requisite energy and speed. The

JOUKNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
3
assistance of artificers from the “ Line ” and the “ Navy ” had frequently to he called for; but this assistance was not only difficult to obtain but difficult also to control and direct, as, from the scarcity of officers and non-commissioned officers of Engineers, Sappers were often placed in sole charge of many such workmen. In some cases, even civil artificers of the country had to be engaged, but these, from their non-acquaintance with the language or mode of working of the Sappers, could seldom be employed with much advantage.
The tools and materials which were required for these various works were generally conveyed in such country bullock carts as were not in use at the time by the commissariat department; and when the number of these carts proved insufficient, and the distance was not great, recourse was had to fatigue parties of the Line.
These means of transport were, however, inadequate for the requirements of the service, and, from their uncertainty, dependence on the strength of fatigue parties, and other causes, were unsuited for active operations in the field. Their inadequacy induced Brigadier-General Tylden, the Commanding Royal Engineer, to organize a light mule equipment, so as to enable the Sappers to take into the field a small proportion of intrenching and artificers’ tools. Some mules were accordingly purchased, and five were attached to each company of Sappers. They were equipped with the country pack-saddles, around which the intrenching tools and the chests containing the mechanics’ implements were hung, after the manner adopted by the French. But while these arrangements were proceeding at Yarna, for future offensive operations into the Principalities, the Russians most unexpectedly withdrew from the Danube, and raised the siege of Silistria. The gallant and successful resistance of the Turkish army, the retreat of the Russians, and the anticipated evacuation of the Principalities, gave an entirely new turn and character to the campaign, and rendered it necessary to concert measures suited to the circumstances in which the allied armies were placed by these events.
The safety of Constantinople from any invasion of the Russian army was now considered, for a time at least, secured; and on the occupation of the Principalities by the Austrians, in support of the operations of the allies, a movement which it was anticipated would take place immediately, the enemy could no longer attempt an advance towards the capital of the Ottoman empire.
These circumstances rendered Yarna no longer important as a place of concentration for the allied armies, while they necessitated their removal to a point much nearer the scene of action, if they were still intended to act as a support to the Ottoman army under Omer Pasha. To advance further
a 2

4
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
into the Principalities, however, was in every respect inadvisable, for not onlv did the inadequate transport at the disposal of the allies render such a movement extremely difficult, but the pestilential climate must have proved fatally prejudicial to the health of their troops ; and as it was considered essential for the attainment of the object of the war that some operation of an offensive character should be undertaken, the allied Governments determined on withdrawing their troops from the Principalities, and directing them with the least possible delay against the very heart of Russia’s power in the Black Sea.
The allies considered that no blow which could be struck at the southern extremities of the Russian empire would be so effective for securing the object of the war as the capture of Sebastopol and the destruction of the Russian fleet; and they therefore directed that nothing but insuperable impediments, such as the want of ample preparation, or the possession by Russia of a force in the Crimea greatly outnumbering that which could be brought against it, should be allowed to prevent the early undertaking of these operations.
Little information, upon which reliance could be placed, had as yet been obtained regarding the strength of this fortress, or the amount of force which the Russians could oppose to the allies in the Crimea, but it was generally believed that the latter did not exceed 40,000 men. On the 20th July some French and English officers* were accordingly despatched, to obtain every possible information, and to examine the coast of the Crimea, and ascertain, as far as practicable, where a landing could best be effected. They returned on the 28th July, without, however, being able to give a further account of the strength of the Russian army than that from 15,000 to 20,000 men were encamped under canvas at the Katcha, and in and around Sebastopol. The mouth of the river Katcha was the point they selected as best suited for effecting a landing.
All these preparations could not fail to excite the suspicion that operations, distinct from the support of Omer Pasha and the passage of the Danube, were in contemplation ; and as it appeared very probable that the Russian General, who was then retreating from the Turkish territory, would pour his forces into the Crimea as soon as he became aware of the intention of the allies, Marshal St. Arnaud moved three divisions of French infantry and some cavalry into the Dobrudsha ; and in order to conceal the object of the contemplated movement more completely, a report was spread,
* British Officers :—Lieut.-General Sir G. Brown and one Aide-de-camp; Lieut.-Col. Lake, R.H.A.; Capt. Lovell, R.E.; Capt. Wetherall, A.Q.M.G. French Officers :—General of Division, Oanrobert; Gol. Le Botsuf, Artillerie ; Major Sebatier. Genie ; Col. 'JYocher, Elat-Major.

.JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
5
that all the preparations then in progress were intended for an attack upon Odessa. But the larger and more important operation against Sebastopol had been so much discussed by the press, and was so generally advocated, that little credence was given to the rumours which were circulated.
On the 19th July, the commanding officers of Artillery and Engineers had been directed “ to prepare for an operation of great importance, in which “ a siege equipment would be requiredand the Engineers were likewise directed “ to fit up vessels adapted for the conveyance ot horses and powder, “ and to construct such other works as might be required to facilitate the “ operation of embarking troops.”
These arrangements, and the construction of their own siege equipment, engaged the attention of the Engineers almost exclusively ; who in order to expedite matters as much as possible concentrated around Varna their Sapper force, which had hitherto been attached by companies to the different divisions of the army, and obtained the assistance of every available carpenter of the “ June” and of the Royal Navy. All these men were at the same time exempted from attending to their regimental duties. With each division of the army, however, was left a force of 2-5 Sappers, under the command of a staff* captain of Engineers, for the purpose of instructing the “ Line ” in throwing up earth works.
Every exertion was now made to complete the numerous works required for the embarkation and disembarkation ot the troops.
The piers near the town had been transferred to the French army ; three additional wharves were built on the south or opposite side of the bay, for the embarkation of the English troops. These wharves were built upon trestles formed of stout wooden beams about 9 in. to 12 in. in thickness, and securely fixed into the ground by wooden piles. The superstructure was formed of two layers of l 'j-inch oak planking, resting on stout joists placed 10 in. to 12 in. apart.
Large working parties were employed daily in the construction ot gabions and fascines, for which there was an abundance of excellent brushwood close to the camps. The men were paid by “ piece workthe regulated rate being 14 d. for every serviceable gabion, and 7d. for every serviceable fascine. The rate of construction varied considerably ; in some regiments, as in the Guards, for instance, every set of three men completed daily three gabions,
* The absence of a sufficient staff of officers of Engineers, in addition to and exclusive of those officers attached to companies, proved a great inconvenience at this time. I he company officers had constantly to be withdrawn from their men, in order to perforin the many and important duties for which Engineer officers were required, and this occasioned repeated changes of commanding officers, and frequently left a company with only one subaltern in charge, to the detriment of the discipline and efficiency of the men.
The Artillery and Engineers are ordered to prepare their siege equipments.

6
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
including the labour of cutting and collecting the brushwood; whereas in other regiments the average did not exceed one per diem. Generally, the best gabions were constructed by those who had been instructed at home. By the latter end of August upwards of 6000 gabions and 8000 fascines had been completed; hut many of these had to he abandoned, as no transport could be procured to convey them to the shore for embarkation.
There was some difficulty in completing the heavy siege “ materiel,” from the comparative unfitness of the timber available for the purpose. Large hewn timber was very scarce, and all that could be procured, either at Varna or in the neighbourhood, being of oak, and curved for shipbuilding purposes, gave incalculable trouble, and caused much additional labour.
At this time cholera broke out with great virulence, and spread with the most alarming rapidity through the town, the various camps, and the fleet. Notwithstanding every precaution, the hospitals were becoming crowded with sick and dying, and hundreds fell victims to this fatal malady. Among the Sappers the deaths were few, hut the number of sick was disproportionately great. Their camp had been removed to the south side of the bay, and had been pitched on an elevated plateau, which was considered one of the healthiest spots in the neighbourhood. But as the smallness of the force rendered it impracticable to give them the amount of rest or relief which many of them required, the incessant hard work from morning till night, and the constant exposure to the scorching rays of the sun, rapidly thinned the ranks of their effective men. At one period the hospitals, at Varna alone, contained no less than 40 sick, or nearly 2 5 per cent, of the total Sapper force stationed there.
The 4th Company of Sappers arrived at this critical period, and the return of the Danubian detachment, and of the officers who had been reconnoitering the coasts of the Black Sea and the Crimea, increased the total available force sufficiently to enable two days weekly to be devoted solely to instruction in throwing up “ field works,” in “ sapping,” and in the ordinary operations of a siege. At this period the Sapper effective force, including the reinforcements alluded to, amounted to 324 non-commissioned officers and men.
Such then was the total force at the disposal of the Engineers on the eve of entering upon an undertaking of such magnitude as the siege of Sebastopol. The great strength of the Russian position, and, as subsequent events disclosed, its almost unlimited resources in guns, ammunition, and stores of all kinds, were at that time not fully known, and were much underrated; but even the scanty information that had been obtained regarding the strength of Sebastopol, the size and resources of its arsenal, the intricate and rocky nature of the ground on which it stood, was sufficient to lead the Commanding

JOURNAL, OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
7
Engineer to represent* how inadequately he was provided, both with men and means, for so vast an enterprise ; to demand a large and immediate reinforcement of both; and to urge the recall of the 7th Company of Sappers, which was still stationed ; in the neighbourhood of Gallipoli, for the purpose of constructing guard huts along the lines of Boulair.f
While these movements were taking place at Varna, large hospitals were being prepared at Constantinople, by Major (then Lieut.) E. Gordon, R.E., in anticipation of the probable casualties in the coming campaign, and a smaller one for 400 patients had been completed at Negara Point, on the Dardanelles, under the superintendence of the officers of the 7th Company, Royal Engineers.
Towards the close of the month of August a detachment of 34 Sappers, under Lieut. Teesdale, R.E., arrived from Corfu, and a number of siege platforms from England.
By the 25th of August the whole of the siege material had been completed, and on the 27th of that month all the stores were on board ship. The Engineers themselves embarked a few days later J, with their respective divisions of the army.
* Vide Appendix No. 1. and No. 3.
t Appendix No. 49. contains a detailed description of these lines, a plan of which is given in Plate No. 2.
$ Vide Appendix No. o. for the orders regulating the embarkation of the British army.

8
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
INVASION OF THE CRIMEA.
The allied army, destined to operate in the Crimea, embarked at Varna in the beginning of September 1854. It was composed of—
26,800 British troops (of all arms, including 3,100 Artillery and 1,110 Cavalry), under the command of Lord Raglan;
26,526* French troops, with 68 field pieces, under the command of Marshal St. Arnaud ; and,
7,000 Turks, under Selim Pasha, attached to the French army ; forming an aggregate of—
60,300 meii.f
* Vide General Niel’s Report oil the Siege of Sebastopol, p. 462.
t These included the under-mentioned Engineer force, who were also equipped as follows :
Strength of the Engineer Force and Equipment.
Strength.
Transport.
Officers.
Noncommissioned Officers and Men.
Carriages.
Horses.
British
t 23
323
§ 5 (mules).
French
1! «
|| S88
11 40
«f 228
Gross Quantity of Engineer Stores.**
Gabions.
Fascines.
Sand Bags
Sets of Intrenching Tools.
British
5,000
8,000
80,000
About 3,000
French
f 6,200
16,000
«f 100,000
t 18,600
X These numbers include the staff and Sapper officers.
§ These five mules were accidentally embarked with the Sappers of the 2d Division. The small field equip ment which they carried proved of great service in repairing the bridge over the river Alma during the action.
[| Vide General Kiel’s Report on the Siege of Sebastopol, pages 463, 464. f Yide the “ Precis Ilistorique,” by Major Du Casse, pages 101, 102.
** For a detailed list of the British Engineers’ stores and materials vide Appendix No. 6.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
9
As soon as the whole of the British troops had been embarked, and had assembled at Baltchick Bay, their convoy started for the general rendezvqus at the Isle of Serpents, where the French and Turkish fleets were awaiting their arrival.
On the 11th September the vast armada of the combined fleets, the largest and finest that had perhaps ever been brought together on any sea, ln number about 3G0 vessels, including 50 men-of-war steamers, 34 line- of-battle ships, and numerous merchant steamers, classed among the finest ln the world, left the Isle of Serpents, and proceeding under steam steered direct to the Crimea.
The English vessels were divided into squadrons or detachments, each steamer, with few exceptions, towing two sailing transports. The whole of these formed themselves into s6ven columns ; the five nearest the shore bore each a division of infantry with its complement of field artillery, the sixth the cavalry and engineer stores, and the last column, outside of all and the furthest from the shore, carried the siege train. The flank nearest to the coast was protected by part of the steam squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons, whilst the remainder of the fleet, under Vice-Admiral Dundas, guarded the sea-ward side. The French and Turkish fleets took post on the right flank.
On the 13th September the fleets halted in the bay of Eupatoria. The occupation of this small town had at various times been strongly recommended*, on account of the many advantages that would be derivable therefrom. A small detached force at Eupatoria would not only protect the rear of the allies in their march towards Sebastopol, but such a force could at the same time intercept the enemy’s convoys and supplies from Perekop and the north; and in the event of the enemy’s strength proving so superior as to render the main object of the expedition impracticable, Eupatoria would form an excellent rallying point from whence the troops could he re-embarked, comparatively without difficulty. The town, moreover, possessed good landing-places, wharves, and storehouses, and was a place from which valuable resources might be expected for the use of the army, in the shape of cattle and grain.
Eupatoria, accordingly, was summoned, and being unguarded it surrendered without resistance. Two vessels, one French and one English, with 500 Marines, were left for its protection, and a detachment of Sappers, under Lieut. Baynes, R.E., were landed to throw up intrenchments on the land side.
The same night the fleet set sail for Kalamita Bay, where a low shelving beach near a place called “ Old Fort,” about 18 miles south of Eupatoria, had been selected as the point of debarkation.
* Vide Appendix No. 7.

10
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
A forced landing at the mouth of the Katcha had originally been contemplated, hut, on mature consideration, the generals commanding abstained from so perilous an enterprise.
It was considered* that it would be hazardous and rash in the extreme to disembark an army in the face of any respectable force on a beach of narrow extent, commanded on both flanks by formidable heights (as was the case at the mouth of the Katcha), and which was situated at so short a distance from Sebastopol that without difficulty all the enemy’s resources in men and material could have been brought up easily and rapidly to oppose the landing, and where, even assuming that the invaders had been able to form in sufficient numbers on the beach, they would, in order to obtain possession of the flanking heights, first have to advance through the narrow defile at the mouth of the river against a most overwhelming direct, flank, and cross fire.
Abandoning, therefore, this first idea, the generals determined that a landing place should be selected at such a distance from the enemy’s camp that a large body of troops might be disembarked, and take up a position, before the enemy could have time to reach the place with sufficient force to anticipate them, or, in other words, that the operation of landing should partake more or less of the character of a surprise; that with this object the enemy should be kept in suspense as to the point selected; and, pending his uncertainty, that the allies, by a rapid movement, should land a sufficient number of men to prevent any serious subsequent interruption.
With this view the position near the Old Fort was selected. The coast here was undefended, and was at least one long day’s march from the Russian camp at the Katcha; and no forces could he perceived nearer than at the Alma, or about 20 miles from the point selected. But to mask the operation, and to draw off the enemy’s attention, a division of French and English ships was despatched as a blind to the Katcha, to make there a demonstration of landing.
The success of these movements was most satisfactory. At eight o’clock on the morning of the 14th September the fleets dropped anchor in front of the Old Fort, and the landing was effected without the slightest interruption on the part of the enemy.-j- Six small but swift steamers, drawing little water, each capable of landing at every trip from 600 to 1,000 men, aided by a very large boat flotilla, constituted tbe means employed in disembarking the British troops. The horses and guns of these troops were landed in large horse flats, which had been constructed at Varna by the Royal Navy, and were capable of taking at each trip two guns and limbers, with their
* Vide Appendix No. 4.
f For a detailed account of tliis operation vide Appendix No. 50.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEG-E OF SEBASTOPOL.
11
full complement of horses and artillerymen. Upwards of 3,000 horses and 220 artillery carriages were thus safely brought on shore.
This enormous operation of landing on a hostile shore upwards of 60,000 troops, with their full complement of guns and horses, inclusive of a small force of cavalry, was, in consequence of the admirable arrangements of the allied navies, concluded without a single casualty or accident.
The companies of Engineers were again attached to the different divisions of the army, and were accompanied by a small proportion of intrenching tools, which, in default of other transport, had to be conveyed in such country bullock carts* as could at the time be collected in the neighbourhood.
A rough but efficacious field telegraph for communicating between the army and the fleet was constructed, and placed under the charge of Lieut. Teesdale, R.E., who superintended it up to the time of his being wounded at the battle of the Alma.
On the morning of the 19th September the allies commenced their march towards Sebastopol.
On the 20th September, the formidable position taken up by the Russian forces under Prince Mentchikoff, on the bold and precipitous range of heights in rear of the river Alma, was attacked by the allied armies.f The French division, under General Bosquet, advanced along the sea side, supported and flanked by the steamers, and climbing up the extremely steep heights on the proper left of the position, where the slope of the ground in some degree protected them from the enemy's artillery fixe, they attacked and turned the left flank of the enemy. The remainder of the French troops moved in the centre, whilst on the enemy’s right the English troops, after fording the river, advanced up the slope of the hill which formed the key of the position, and canned by the bayonet the heights above. The ascent to these, though more gradual than at the sea side, was yet steep, and was completely commanded and swept by a powerful and retired covered battery, armed with heavy guns.
In less than three hours the allied armies obtained possession of this strong position, and drove the enemy from every part of the ground which he had held in the morning. The casualties on either side were considerable, especially on the part of the enemy, who, after having sustained a loss of 4,482J men, and abandoned two of their guns, retreated rapidly towards Sebastopol,
* These carts constantly broke down, and one of them, with all the tools it contained, had to he abandoned on the march.
t Refer to Plate 1. for the Plan of the Battle, and to Appendix Nos. 8. and 9. for the Official Despatches.
J Vide Appendix No. 9.
B 2
The Battle of the Alma.

12
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Object of tlie flank march.
without attempting to offer any resistance either on the hanks of the Katcha or those of the Belbec.
The great primary object of the campaign had now been gained. The allies had most successfully effected a landing, and in a most brilliant and daring manner had defeated the enemy in a position of his own choosing, which, strong by nature, had been rendered more so by his disposition of guns. They had enforced a moral impression of their superiority, and taught the enemy that he could not again cope Avith them in the open field, unless in much greater numbers. To retire to the protection of his Avorks at Sebastopol, and defend these to the last, seemed iioav the only course left open to him; so long as he could maintain himself there, the accomplishment of the main object of the expedition Avas deferred, but with the fall of Sebastopol his power in the Black Sea Avould be utterly annihilated.
The vast enterprise against this fortress became noAv the sole remaining business of the campaign, and it Avas suggested and determined* that the allies should turn the strong position on its northern side, and advance Avithout delay against the south side, Avhich contained the enemy’s dockyard, arsenal, and all that was of much importance.
But to appreciate fully the preliminary and all subsequent movements it Avill be necessary to enter into a description of a place so peculiarly situated as Sebastopol is.
An extensive inlet of the sea, called the harbour of Sebastopol, Avhich runs inland to a distance of nearly four miles, divides this fortress into tAvo distinct parts, a north and a south side, perfectly separated from each other. The only means of communication betAveen them is either “ by boat ” across this harbour, or else by making on land a circuit of many miles. This separation of the two sides is not limited to the harbour only, hut extends to the ground beyond, for several miles to the eastAvard; Avhere the Avide and SAvampy valley of the Tchernaya, hounded on each side by lofty and precipitous rocks, renders communication from one side to the other extremely difficult at all times, and during the rainy seasons quite impracticable, excepting in one or tAvo places where roads and bridges have been established.
This separation of the two sides is so complete, that a force investing the one side would find it impossible to render ready assistance to a force besieging the other ; and they Avould be utterly unable to supply each other Avith provisions and ammunition. Each Avould have to act independently, and to trust exclusrvely to its OAvn resources.
* Vide Appendix No. 10.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
13
A complete investment was therefore impracticable, without the employment of two separate armies, each having its own base of operations, and each of sufficient strength to compete by itself with the total force of the Russians in the Crimea. Again, the capture of either side by no means necessitated the fall of the other; for neither can be said to have any command over the other, on account of the great distance between them ; and in the event of either side falling to the possession of the attacking party, the great basin would still form an almost insurmountable harrier to the further advance of the besiegers; so that to obtain entire possession of Sebastopol two independent attacks, one against the south, the other against the north front, would be requisite.
To undertake simultaneously the attacks on both sides required far more numerous forces than the allies had at their disposal; but the choice of either the one or the other was open to them. The north front was exceed- mgly strong by nature, and extended across a ridge of hold and rocky heights, intersected by steep ravines. A permanent fort, conspicuously situated in a commanding position, occupied its centre, and was supported on either side by earthen intrenchments and batteries. The entire front was exposed to enfdade from the right of the position, where heavy guns could readily and securely be placed; and all the approaches were commanded by the men-of-war and steamers in the harbour. This position was, moreover, defended by an army, which, although recently defeated, had retreated to its supports, and was still very powerful, as subsequent events clearly proved.
To assail such a position by a “coup de main” with an army but little superior to the defenders, with nothing but field pieces at its command, and with its flanks and retreat quite insecure, would have been a most desperate undertaking, with every probability of a failure or repulse, the consequences of which would have been most disastrous.
A regular siege, on the contrary, required heavy guns and stores of all kinds, and therefore a harbour. Now the only place to the north of Sebastopol where the disembarkation of stores could be effected was the narrow, shallow beach at the mouth of the Katcha, open to every gust of wind, difficult to defend, and which, from its distance in the rear, would have been much exposed, while its communications could have been intercepted at any moment by an enemy capable of such enterprises as lie afterwards attempted at Balaklava and Inkerman.
On the south side, on the contrary, several harbours were known to exist; perfectly sheltered, easily defensible, and covered by or connected with the very commanding range of heights that subsequently protected the whole encampment. On this side lay the great dockyards and depots of Sebastopol,

14
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The defences of Sebastopol.
the capture and destruction of which constituted the chief object of the campaign. It was reported that no fortification of any importance defended this side; that the enemy was taking no steps to strengthen it, hut devoted all his energies to the north front; and that the allies, by marching round at once, would find the Russians quite unprepared to receive them.
Such were the arguments in favour of attacking the south side, against which the allies now proceeded.
Leaving a small force to menace the north side of Sebastopol, with the view to cover the flank march, the combined Anglo-French army left the Belbec on the 25th September, and, steering by compass in a south-easterly direction, through a dense wood, they reached the plain of Balaklava on that evening and the following morning.
The Russians, apparently surprised by this sudden and unexpected appearance of the allies in front of Balaklava, had no time to occupy in force this place, which, not only from its strong natural position, might have been disputed with some obstinacy, but the possession of which was of the greatest importance to the allies, to enable them to re-establish their communication with the sea, their only base of operations.
The small garrison of about 60 men that occupied Balaklava surrendered at the first approach of the Light Division, after firing a few shot from some mortars, and the small town was at once occupied by the British force, and placed in a state of defence. 1000 marines and some naval guns were disembarked, and encamped on the high ridge to the west of the town, which formed the key of the whole position. Advanced picquets, supported by field pieces, were posted in commanding positions on the small projecting spurs which connect this ridge with the valley below. Kadikoi, which covered the entrance to the town, was occupied by the main force, and a battalion, composed of the sickly men from each brigade, took up their quarters in the town, to assist in the disembarkation of the stores, guns, and ammunition.
Having thus secured their base of operations, and re-established the communication with the fleet, the main body of the British force advanced towards Sebastopol, and took ground on the western side of the plateau, near the “ Mai son d’Eau,” whilst General Bosquet’s division posted itself on the extreme right beyond Cathcart’s Hill. The fire from the enemy’s heavy guns checked their further approach, and even forced them to retire out of its range. The allies, however, had advanced sufficiently close to the place to ascertain that it was a position of great strength, far greater than had been anticipated, and that an immediate assault would be hazardous in the extreme.
The principal defences faced the sea, and on that front the works were of a permanent character, very extensive, and armed with powerful batteries.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
15
At the entrance of the harbour, on the south side, stood the two forts of the Quarantine and Alexander, mounting 60 and 90 guns respectively; the former, a closed earthen redoubt, with its guns mounted en barbette, commanding the Quarantine Harbour; the latter, a permanent work of masonry, casemated, and likewise closed at the gorge by a crenelated wall. This latter fort, conjointly with the magnificent casemated batteries of Fort Constantine (for 110 guns) opposite to it on the north side, commanded the entrance of the harbour, and both were supported and flanked by powerful batteries to the east of them, placed at distances varying from 500 to 1,000 yards. These consisted, on the south side, of the Artillery Fort (an earth- woi'k with 56 guns), and of the extensive casemates for 200 guns called “ Fort Nicholas and on the north side, of the casemates of Fort Michael, for 90 guns, of two minor earthen batteries, one on each side of the latter, and of the extensive earth-works called Battery No. 4.
This front had been still further strengthened by moving several men- of-war (out of distant range from the sea), so that their broadsides might sweep the entire harbour; and as a greater security against a naval attack, seven vessels* had been sunk at the entrance of the harbour, answering the purpose of an outer boom, supported at about 1,000 yards in rear by a second boom, formed of iron cables (vide dotted line on plan). All these defences towards the sea were of so formidable a character as to nullify one of the great advantages which the possession of a most powerful fleet gave the allies over the Russians ; so much so, that the co-operation of the fleet in a joint attack with the land forces could not produce any decisive effect upon works of such strength and magnitude.
On the land side the works of defence to the south of Sebastopol were at this time comparatively trifling, but they occupied very commanding positions, and were placed on ground which nature had strongly fortified.
A single stone Avail, crenelatedf, but quite exposed, surrounded part of the town, and extended partly as a “ bastion trace” partly as an “ indented line,” from the Artillery Bay to the Central Bastion. A xvide and steep ravine, answering the purpose of a huge ditch, ran in front of the line, from the Quarantine to the Central Bastion, and so completely separated it from the ground beyond that all approaches by trenches on that side were subsequently found to be quite impracticable. This wall, along its Avhole extent, was lined Avith numerous pieces of artillery, of Avhich those in the most prominent positions were of heavy metal. Exclusive of the 56 guns in the Artillery
* Vide Appendix No. 12.
| This wall was about 12 feet high and 6 feet thick, and had a ditch in its front, excepting “"'here, from its abutting on to the edge of a steep declivity, such was rendered unnecessary.

16
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fort, about 42 pieces of ordnance of various calibres were then in position in rear of the crenelated wall.
To the south-east of the Central Bastion, but separated from it by a deep ravine, across which a dry stone wall had been hastily constructed, and armed with about 24 field pieces, was an earthen battery, nearly completed, called the Flagstaff Bastion, occupying a very commanding site, and furnished with 12 heavy guns.*
Such were the works of defence on the west side of Sebastopol. Of these the Flagstaff Bastion formed the key, for it took in reverse all the works to the west of it. But although the possession of this battery might have led to the fall of the town side of the place, it would have been difficult to hold it, without at the same time obtaining a footing on the eastern side, as the ground and works to the east of the Dockyard Creek, in their turn, commanded this battery, and took it in reverse.
On the eastern side, which was perfectly separated from the western by the deep and precipitous ravines at the head of the dockyard creek, were the following works:
1st. An earthen battery, called from its shape the “Redan,” which was armed with 17 heavy guns, and at which large working parties were still busily engaged. Immediately in its rear, a dry stone wall, skirting the brow of the hill, branched off in a westerly direction to a place subsequently called the Barrack Battery, where at present 10 field pieces were in position to flank the Redan and the ground to the west of it; and in the valley just beneath it, at the head of the Dockyard Creek, about a dozen field pieces, protected by a low stone wall, fully commanded all the approaches to the town from the valleys beyond.
2d. The semicircular masonry tower of the Malakoff, mounting five heavy guns “ en barbette around which was a circular intrenchment, with a short fla nk at each end, nearly completed, and armed with 10 heavy- guns.
,3d. A battery called the Little Redan, still incomplete, but most probably armed.
4th. Adjoining the harbour, a considerable sized stone building in the shape of a cross, which had been converted into a defensible barrack.
Of all these defensive works the Malakoff had the most commanding position, and formed the key of the whole of the south side of the place. It took in reverse all the works on the eastern side, and from its position on an
* The information respecting the defences has been obtained from Russian official sources.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
17
independent high knoll afforded a good site from which to repel assaults at any time. The enemy appeared fully aware of the importance of this site, and employed large working parties in strengthening it, and he had even commenced in its rear a dry stone wall, which surrounded part of the Karabelnaja suburb, and answered the purpose of an inner or second line of intrenchment..
Such were the fortifications on the south side, which, although not strong in themselves, were powerfully armed, and occupied a position most favourable for defence. Both flanks were unassailable ; the left flank rested on high land abutting on the great harbour, and was protected in front by an extensive wet ditch, in other words by the “ Careening Bay,” which, with all approaches to it, was under the command of the shipping in the harbour; while the right flank, in front of which was the wide and steep ravine referred to above, was raked by the fire of the guns in the gorge of the Quarantine Fort, and by the men-of-war, that could at any time be posted under cover of Fort Alexander. The centre of the position was occupied by the three main batteries, the Flagstaff, Redan, and Malakoff, powerfully armed, nearly all equally salient, and on commanding positions, at the extremity of three leading spurs by which alone an enemy could approach, and over which the garrison had full view for a distance of more than 2,000 yards to their front. The ravines between these ridges, although winding, generally run directly towards the batteries, and were consequently enfiladed throughout, and commanded by the enemy’s guns. Men-of-war likewise were moored in the dockyard and careening creeks, and at the head of the harbour, with their broadsides bearing on such of the lines of approach as might he taken by the storming parties.
Whether the assailants, therefore, advanced along the ridges or defiled through the ravines, they must he exposed to the fire of the batteries, and to that of the men-of-war and steamers in the harbour. Their attack must have been made from a very extended diverging circumference, over ground quite unknown, which was broken by deep and in parts almost impracticable ravines, rendering mutual support quite impossible; whereas the enemy occupied a central position, from which his works were easily accessible, while these works communicated with each other without difficulty. The allies would have had to advance with forces whose numerical strength could not have been greater than that of the defenders, and with nothing but field pieces at. their command, exposed for a distance of upwards of a mile to a galling fire of more than 100 pieces of artillery, exclusive of the guns of the shipping, and without any retreat in case of a reverse.
In a memorandum written a few weeks subsequent to this date it was stated, that the place appeared to be in such a state, and the garrison so

18
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
busily and with so much apparent confidence engaged in improving it, tha with a fine battering train on hoard ship close at hand no one ought for a moment to contemplate so rash an act as the attempt to storm it at once; an attempt by which the allies would have given the enemy every advantage, where a check or a repulse might have led to the most disastrous results,—in short, where they would have taken him in his greatest strength.*
The great strength of the position, the daily expected arrival of strong reinforcements to the allied armies, the presence of a magnificent battering train and abundance of ammunition, part of which had already been disembarked, led to the decision that the enemy’s overwhelming artillery fire should in the first instance be to some degree reduced, and that for this purpose batteries should at once be established.
It was then that the relative positions of the French and English armies on the plateau of Sebastopol was altered, for the purpose of placing the French closer to their base of operations at Kamiesch, for at present they were at a distance of upwards of seven miles from it. Accordingly the following order was issued, and carried into effect:
“ 29th September 1854.
“ The British army will carry on the attacks on the left of the enemy, “ and for this purpose will move to the right, until their right is beyond “ the west of the ridge on which is a large advanced white tower of the “ enemy.”
In the beginning of October a conference was held between the two chief Engineers, Sir John Burgoyne and General Bizot, and it was agreed “that “ the best sites should at once be selected for batteries against the enemy’s “ ships, masonry buildings, and prominent earth-works, to reduce the fire “ from these in some degree prior to assaulting, and that the wide ravine “ (Picquet House) which runs down immediately upon the Dockyard “ Creek should form the line of demarkation between the French and “ English operations.” At the same time detailed instructions^ were drawn up as a guide to the Engineers in the operations they were about to undertake.
In accordance with these instructions, on the part of the British two separate Engineer parks were established, one near the windmill, to supply
* As soon as the recognizance of Sebastopol had made Sir G. Cathcart fully aware of the great strength of the place, he made strong representations against attempting a forward movement. On the 8th October 1854 he writes, “ To attempt an assault, without mounting our heavy “ guns, would not be certain of success, but liable to a very great loss of men.”
Vide Appendix No. 13.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
19
the attack on the right, the other on a sheltered piece of ground to the west of Cathcart’s Hill, for the attack on the left of the British position. The whole of the Sapper force was assembled on the plateau (with the exception of 21 men, who remained at Balaklava to assist in the disembarkation of the stores and the repair of the wharves), and was divided into two nearly equal parties, the 4th, 8th, and 10th Companies taking the attack on the right, and th'e 3d and 11th that on the left of the British position.
The following were the officers of Royal Engineers available for this siege :—
Lieut.-Colonel C. Alexander, commanding (died 19th Oct.').
Brigadier-Major R. Tylden, Brigade Major (died of wounds received on the 18th June 1855).
Lieut. C. B. Ewart, Lieut. H, T. de Yere.
j- Acting Adjutants.
Lieut. G. M. Stopford, A.D.C. to Sir J. F. Burgoyne.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Capt. F. E. Chapman, Director.
Lieut. A. Leahy, in charge of Left
Capt. J. W. Gordon, Director (wounded).
park.
Capt. E. F. Bouchier, in charge of Right park.
Trench Officers.
Capt. W. M. Inglis (drowned 14th
Capt. A. D. Craigie (killed).
Nov. 1854).
H. W. Montagu (taken prisoner^
„ J. W. Lovell (invalided home). „ E. Stanton.
Lieut. G. Neville.
„ W. O. Lennox.
„ G. Graham (wounded twice).
„ G. Phillips (invalided home).
„ C. N. Martin (dangerously
Lieut. P. Ravenhill (invalided home).
„ T. Murray (killed 18th June
1855).
* H. C. Elphinstone (wounded
8th Sept. 1855).
A. S. Creyke (invalided to
wounded).
„ O. H. Stokes (invalided home). „ J. F. D. Donnelly.
„ C. E. S. Baynes (died of wounds). „ T. M. Graves (killed 18th June
Scutari).
1855).
F. E. Pratt (invalided home).
* This officer did not join the attack until the 17th October 1854.
C 2

20
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
In addition to the above, the following officei's were engaged as Assistant
Engineers:—
Left Attack.
Capt. Biddulph, Royal Artillery.
Capt. Chapman, 20th Regiment (died of wounds received on the 8th Sept. 1855).
Right Attack.
Capt. Cameron, Grenadier Guards (wounded Oct. 18th).
Capt. Raines, 95th Regiment (wounded 18th Oct).
Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.*
* This officer did not join the attack until the 17th October 1854.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
21
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The ground to the immediate south of Sebastopol on which the allied armies had taken up their position is a high undulating plateau, extending to a distance of from four to six miles from the place, and surrounded on all sides but one by the waters of the Black Sea and by the harbour of Sebastopol. On the eastern side, where alone it is connected with the land, the plateau rises gradually as its distance from the town increases, and having attained an elevation of about 600 to 800 feet, it abruptly terminates in bold cliffs, that extend in one unbroken line from the Col de Balaclava on the south to a point opposite the ruins of Inkerman on the north. These cliffs almost insulate the plateau, and render its eastern side a position of great strength. That part which faces the plain of Balaklava and the Fedukhine heights completely overlooks the valley below, and the fall of the ground at this part is so precipitous as to defy any aggressive movement on the part of the enemy against the side of the plateau ; whilst further to the north-east the bold heights of the Inkerman ridge, skirted by the sluggish stream of the Tchernaya and its marshy banks, form a position which it is quite impracticable to attack from the eastern side, i. e., from the side facing the Inkerman ruins.
The only points at which an enemy could attempt to ascend the plateau, and so force the allied position, are either from the north*, over the spur subsequently called the Inkerman ridge, or else by the gently undulating ground to the south of the Col de Balaclava.
Of these two points of attack, the latter is unquestionably the easier, for the ascent by the Col de Balaclava is very gentle, and practicable everywhere for field artillery. As regards the formation of the ground, this
* This speciality of the position ought to he clearly understood, and great stress was laid upon it at the time by the Engineers. The right flank of the allies was assailable only by a movement from the north, or from the head of the harbour ; from the east, i. e., from the side facing the Tchernaya, such a movement was perfectly impracticable, as the river, and the precipitous cliffs on that side, formed insurmountable barriers to an enemy’s advance. Prior to the battle of Inkerman, however, sufficient importance does not appear to have been attached to this circumstance, for the defensive works constructed at that period, as the Sandbag Battery, the Guards Redoubt, and the cuts across the Inkerman road, were all established to check a movement from the east, and not from the north.
Topographical description o1 Sebastopol.
The position ol Balaklava.

22
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The Inkermau or light flank of the allied position.
The plateau.
position might therefore have been considered weak; but it lay so completely in a re-entering angle, and was so far v'ithin the encampment of the allies, that it could not readily have been forced, even by a powerful enemy. It was also one of great importance, as it formed the only connecting link between the plateau and the British base of operations at Balaklava; the greatest care was consequently taken to render it inacessible to an enemy. The “ col ” itself was occupied by the Turkish division under Osman Pacha; an intrenchment of good profile was constructed across the valley, as well as a strong redoubt on the commanding hill to the west; while the ground in front was guarded by the brigades of light and heavy cavalry, supported by troops of horse artillery, and flanked by the battery of foot artillery that occupied the village of Kadikoi. This position, therefore, although comparatively devoid of natural strength, had been rendered strong by the arrangements adopted for its protection.
The Inkerman ridge, on the contrary, is a position which nature has strongly fortified.
It has already been stated, how impossible it would be to assault this position from the east, on account of the precipitous nature of the cliffs, which at this point are rendered still more inacessible by the swampy valley of the Tchernaya. From the north, however, i. e., from the head of the harbour, the attempt appears more practicable, for in that direction the plateau opens out into narrow projecting spurs, with intermediate valleys, which latter fall so gradually towards the head of the harbour as to offer no serious obstacle to an enemy’s advance, so long as the spurs, that completely command and overlook them, remain unoccupied. Should these spurs, however, he occupied, even by comparatively small forces, the ascent becomes very difficult, and almost impracticable. In order to render this position strong, it was requisite, therefore, that a powerful reserve should be placed in a central position, well in advance, and that outposts should be pushed forward to occupy all the spurs above referred to.
The plateau itself is divided into two nearly equal portions by the deep ravine that extends in a direct line from the Col de Balaclava to the head of the Dockyard Creek. The portion situated to the west of this ravine descends towards the harbour in gentle undulations, broken by various valleys, and was allotted to the French ; while that to the eastward, after some undulations near the summit, falls thence rapidly, and almost continuously, down four leading spurs or ridges, separated by intervening and very precipitous ravines. Of these four ridges, the two centre ones ran through the enemy’s lines, while the other two terminated outside the enemy’s lines; one of the latter on the Dockyard Creek, and the other, called the Inkerman Iiidge, extending to the great harbour. The wide and

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
23
deep ravines which separate these ridges played an important part in the siege, and materially influenced its operations. Under the cover of the ravines, the besiegers were enabled to establish depots of stores and even of ammunition close to their batteries, and to use them as covered ways by which the guards of the trenches could descend under cover to the first parallel. -But these ravines opposed at the same time great difficulties to the operations of the besiegers; they impeded the communication from one ridge to the other, and they broke the continuity of the line of parallels so abruptly as to necessitate a separate attack being carried on on each separate ridge.
This eastern side of the plateau, the more rugged of the two, was allotted to the attacks of the English, whose base of operations was at Balaklava.
Such is a general outline of the position to the south of Sebastopol, which was occupied by the allies in the following manner : —On the extreme right was encamped the Second Division, in a somewhat retired position, its left supported by the greater part of the First Division. On the adjoining ridge, and to the west of the First Division, were placed the Light Division, and the Artillery and Engineer parks of the Right Attack.
This constituted the force for the defence of the right flank of the allies, and for the attack of the proper left of the enemy’s works.
The Fourth and Third Divisions were encamped on the ground to the south-west of Cathcart’s Hill, and undertook the attacks on the left of the British position. The ground to the west of the Dockyard Creek ravine was occupied by the French, who had charge of the attacks against the town. Besides these, General Bosquet’s Division, forming the “ Corps d’Observation” of the French army, took post on the range of heights to the south-east of the plateau overlooking the plain of Balaklava, and in rear of the British forces.
The position thus occupied by the allies offered two assailable points; one, on the right flank at Inkerman, to which we have already alluded; the other at Balaklava, the base of operations of the allies. But this latter position could only be termed weak on account of its distance from the main force of the British army in front of Sebastopol, and from the manner in which the features of the ground separated it from the plateau, and which consequently rendered it somewhat exposed. Considered, however, as an independent position, it was very strong.
A lofty ridge, about 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, and at a distance of about one mile from the town, completely covers the east side of Balaklava. On the south this ridge is bounded by cliff’s that descend precipitously to the sea, and prevent all access to Ralaklava on this side ; and on the north the ground falls rapidly towards the plain, throwing out northwards
Disposition of troops on the plateau.
Weak points of the allied position.

24
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
numerous projecting spins, which, overlapping, completely hide the town, and cover the entrance to the harbour. These spurs, which were very commanding positions, together with the high ridge on the right, were occupied by a small force of Marines, and by several naval guns, which were placed along the principal points, and protected by parapets of slight profile.
In addition to these defences, which constituted the inner line for the protection of Balaklava, a second or outer line was commenced on the 7th October, about 2,000 to 2,500 yards in front, to crown the line of low eminences that extend across the plain from the heights of Kamara to the plateau of Sebastopol. This outer line consisted of three small fieldworks of very slight profile, which were occupied by a force of about 3,000 Turks.
The two brigades of cavalry, the 93d Regiment, and some field artillery occupied, as already stated, an intermediate position between the outer and inner line, and kept up the connexion with the plateau.
This force it was hoped would be sufficient to check the enemy’s advances until reinforcements could be called to its assistance from the front, it is recom- The right flank at Inkerman, on the contrary, was not so well protected, strengthen the notwithstanding that the allies were fully aware of the importance of this inllerman! at position, and foresaw, even at this early period, the difficulties which they might in consequence have, to combat.
The whole of this Inkerman ridge, as far to the northward as the sites of the subsequently constructed “ White Works,” had been carefully reconnoitred by the Engineers at the time of their arrival on the plateau, and they had recommended—
(VidePlan 1st. That the elevated position (A.) in front, which completely overlooks N °'^ the surrounding ground, should be occupied by a strong force, and that advanced posts should be pushed forward to the three projecting spurs which command the Inkerman causeway and the head of the harbour.*
2dly. To give greater security against an attack in flank, they suggested that two batteries should at once he established! ; one close to the position subsequently occupied by Lieut. Laurent’s battery, but on the eastern side of the ridge, so as to be protected from the fire of the shipping in the harbour; the other to occupy the bold projecting spur (B.) which lies to the east of the Inkerman road, and between it and the aqueduct. The latter battery was to sweep the roadway, and bar the passage round by the foot of the cliffs, whilst the former was intended to prevent the repair of the bridge at
* Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, dated 3d October. Observations by Colonel Alexander,
R.E.
t The sites for these batteries were selected by Lieut.-Colonel Stanton, R.E., shortly after the arrival of the allies on the plateau.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
25
the Inkerman causeway, and check every attempt to establish a communication across the Tchernaya.
3dly. The Engineers had further recommended the occupation of the Mam el on*, for the double purpose of supporting the posts on the Inkerman ridge, and to admit of the construction of advances against the Malakoff Tower, which was considered the proper point of attack.
It is much to be regretted that the British force was even at that time considered too weak to take up so extensive a position, as there can be no question that had the arrangements recommended been carried out many subsequent disasters would have been avoided, and the fall of the place might have been insured within a comparatively short period. With the reduced state of the army, however, the occupation of so advanced a position was considered impracticable, and although a detachment of about 80 riflemen had been ordered “ to take up ground on points overhanging the bridge over the Tchernaya River, and the road across the Valley of Inkermanf,” it was thought that even this advanced post could not be properly supported, and was liable to be cut off at any moment.
This apprehension led Sir John Burgoyne to submit a proposition! recommending that the division on the English left nearest the French should be moved, and should take up ground on the Inkerman ridge, so as to afford greater security to our right flank. Special reasons, however, prevented that movement from being carried into effect.
A few r days subsequent to the date on which, this proposition was made the enemy commenced to advance on this ridge, and soon after the sites which had hitherto been occupied but by one or two Cossacks were guarded by strong detachments of the enemy’s sharpshooters.
This proceeding on the part of the enemy rendered it impracticable to advance against the Malakoff Tower without previously dislodging him from his position on the Inkerman ridge, as from this ridge he enfiladed and took in reverse the whole of the ground in front of the tower ; and as the means for dislodging him could not be obtained, it was imperative on the Engineers to abandon the attack on the tower front, and to confine their operations to the Redan and Barrack batteries, in support of the French attack against the town.
* This movement was recommended, and the hill reconnoitered during the 1st week of October by Lieut.-Coloiiel Tylden, but more particularly by Colonel T. W. Gordon, R.E. Hence this knoll received the name of “ Gordon’s Hill.” Subsequently, however, when the batteries of the Right attack were universally called after the latter officer, the French name of “ the Mamelon ” was substituted for “ Gordon’s Hill,” to prevent confusion.
t Extract from the Quartermaster-General’s orders, dated 3d October 1854.
+ Memoranda dated 3d October and 4th October 1854.
Tlie enemy’s occupation ol the Inkerman ridge prevents the attack on the Malakoff'.

26
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Preparations for the siege.
The invest ment.
In the meantime the French “Corps d’Observation,” anxious to protect itself, was busily engaged in throwing up with all haste intrenchments on the heights facing the plain of Balaklava. On the British right, on the contrary, where advanced works would have been of the greatest importance, men could not be obtained either to construct or to occupy them.
The British army now found itself engaged in an enterprise for which its force was, strictly speaking, very inadequate, but from which it had not the power of withdrawing. No other course was left but to persevere with resolution, to strain every nerve in the' endeavour to assault the place before the winter set in ; and as the army had not the means of guarding itself equally at all points, it was required to exhibit extraordinary vigilance and activity to face the enemy wherever he might show himself.
Every exertion was made to expedite the removal of the guns and siege material to the front.
The wharves had been prepared, and the disembarkation of stores proceeded rapidly, but the means of transport unfortunately were inadequate. The small and slight country bullock carts, which alone were at the disposal of the Engineers, broke down daily, although but lightly loaded; and the animals rapidly became lame and too weak to travel. On the 12th October not more than 21 “ arabas” out of 46 were fit for work, and these were only capable of carrying light stores, so that it was found necessary, in consequence, to press into the service every spare ammunition and baggage horse.
Every kind of material suitable for the construction of batteries was meanwhile collected. The trees near the parks were felled, and the flooring and roofs of the houses beyond the alignment of the camps were pulled down for the sake of the timber. The stout wooden railing that bordered the main road leading into the Inkerman Valley afforded the largest supply, and furnished the Right attack with a large proportion of the platform and splinter proof timber required during the first bombardment.
On the 7th October orders were issued to invest Sebastopol more completely. The strength of the British army, however, was so small, that the advanced picquets could not be pushed forward sufficiently to enable either the enemy’s works or the ground in front to be properly reconnoitered. Many important and prominent points were, in consequence, left unoccupied, and little support could be given to the Engineers whiJst engaged in selecting the sites for their batteries. The enemy at once took advantage of this circumstance, and posted a strong chain of infantry sentries to the front of Gordon’s Hill, and among the rocks and caves of the Inkerman ridge, fully 1,000 yards in front of the works of the town. These sharpshooters constantly approached and skirmished with our outlying picquets, and on several occasions they

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
27
pushed forward, supported by light field guns; but although invariably repulsed, they threatened gradually to take up a more advanced position,
, while they caused considerable annoyance to our troops.
It was now thought advisable at once to assume offensive operations, and j^ n e s p*° c c “ ter without waiting for the disembarkation of the entire siege “materiel,” to. “inbattery” place in battery the Lancaster guns, whose range was said to exceed 4,000 yards, with great accuracy of aim ; and in order not to draw upon these pieces the concentrated fire of the whole of the Russian artillery, they were placed at such a distance as to be barely within reach of the enemy’s batteries, while they were still within their own reputed range.
On the night of the 7th October a half sunken battery for two of these guns, called the Left Lancaster gun battery, was commenced to the left of the Woronzoff Road, and about 400 yards in front of the Post House, its object being to batter the ship at the head of the Dockyard Creek which enfiladed the approaches to the Redan. On the night of the 8th another half sunken battery (the Right Lancaster battery) was commenced on the extreme right (about half a mile in front of Thistle Hill) for two Lancaster guns, to fire against the ships in the Careening Creek which swept the approaches to the tower. This battery was extended on the following night, to include four additional guns of the heaviest metal (68-pounders), to batter the Malakoff Tower. Five guns only were eventually mounted in this battery, and hence it received the appellation of “ the 5-gun battery.”
By the Russians it was called the “ five-eyed battery,” from the admirable manner in which it was served.
Both these Lancaster batteries were, of necessity, established on very rocky ground, and the earth for the parapets had to be collected in baskets and sandbags from a considerable distance. One row of gabions only was used for the revetment of the parapet, owing to the scarcity of material.
Notwithstanding these difficulties, both batteries were completed in a very short space of time, namely—
The Left Lancaster on the night of the 9th, and the Right on the night of the 10th.
On the 9th October, every preparation being so far advanced as to admit Opening of “ breaking ground,” orders were issued to commence work on the night trenches - of the 10th. ,
The officers of Engineers had reconnoitered the ground on previous nights, and had selected such sites as were best suited to batteries, without special reference to their appropriateness for first parallels, because at that time there was no intention to throw up a systematic series of trenches, which would only have delayed the operation of the assault. Regular siege operations were not then contemplated by the allies, and such operations
d 2

Reasons for placing the batteries at so great a distance from the place.
28 JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL..
were in fact impossible and diametrically opposed to first principles, so long- as the investment of the south side remained incomplete.
The allies had but one object in view, and that was to establish batteries which it was hoped would soon damage and silence the enemy’s works sufficiently to render them open to an assault; and this object alone guided the selection of the sites for the first line of trenches of the “Right” and “ Left ” attacks.
The Left attack was traced on an arc of a circle, to obtain an extensive range of fire, and embraced the sloping summit of the knoll called Green Hill, situated between the ravines of the “ Picquet House ” and “ Woronzoff Road.” The trench of the “Right attack ” (on Frenchman’s Hill) was traced in two faces, each bearing directly on the main points of attack, the left flank resting on the rocks overhanging the Woronzoff Ravine, and the right secured by a “return,” and an emplacement (No. 3 battery) for four light guns, which were intended to sweep the ravine in front of the right flank of the battery, so as to check any attempt on the part of the enemy to turn that flank.
Some further remarks regarding the selection of the sites for these batteries may not be out of place, more especially as so many criticisms have been passed, even by military men, tending to impute a want of professional judgment in placing batteries at so great a distance from the enemy’s works.
The Russian outposts, during the interval between the investment of Sebastopol and the opening of the trenches, occupied a very advanced position. On the extreme right, i.e., on the Inkerman ridge, their line of sentries was placed in front of the site subsequently occupied by the second parallel; on the Malakoff Tower ridge they held a position half way between Thistle Hill and the Mamelon, and, further westward, their sentries were posted nearly in a straight line, past points half way between the first and second parallels of the Right and Left attacks respectively.
These out picquets were securely placed, and supported in some instances by light field pieces. Our outposts, on the contrary, which in point of numbers were far inferior, and which had not, like their opponents, the advantage of the formidable support of field artillery, found themselves unable to cope with such superior forces, nor could they drive them back sufficiently to admit of reconnoitering in a satisfactory manner even the retired position that had been selected for the first line of trenches. The first parallel of the Right attack, for instance, was placed on a site which, prior to breaking ground (and even subsequent to the investment), had frequently been occupied during the daytime by the enemy’s sentries; and on the ridge in front of the Malakoff Tower advanced batteries were out of the question, for on reference to the plans it will he seen that any battery or trench farther advanced than the “ Right Lancaster ” would have been

ng
ies
■ks
[ed
nd
ive
en
off
:ed
eft
fht
jht
nk
to
ies
sen
rial
3 .
of
:ed
of
>nd
;en
sre
ind
ces
of
the
ves
ick
the
’he
eh,
lad
ind
of
ery
;en
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOFOL. 29
enfiladed and even taken in reverse hy the enemy, so long as he remained in possession of the Inkerman l'idge.
A more advanced position than the one selected could not, therefore, have been taken. But even supposing that the trenches could have been placed somewhat closer, which was hardly optional, it is very doubtful whether such a course would have been advantageous. A position further in advance would have increased the difficulty of supplying the batteries with ammunition ; it would have required stronger covering parties to protect them ; it would have exposed the batteries to sorties of forces far superior to those Avhich the allies could afford as a guard for their defence ; and it would have rendered them liable to have their guns spiked, perhaps at the very moment when most required. It would thus have multiplied difficulties, without enabling the allies to gain thereby any advantage whatever, for the first day’s fire is a convincing proof that these batteries were not placed too far from the enemy’s works to effect the object for which they were required.
JOURNAL.—10th to the 16th October.*
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Trench journal, 10th to 16 th Oct.
At dusk on the evening of the 10th October a parallel was traced right across “ Greenliill ” to the ravine on either side, about 1,000 yards in extent, and at a distance of 1,350 yards from the Russian works.
The working party f, composed of 1,200 men of the Line, under the direction of Capt. Chapman, R.E., advanced, unarmed, soon after dark, and commenced work along the whole extent of the parallel. Each man was provided with a pick and a shovel, but most of them, being unaccustomed to the use of intrenching tools, and having to contend with a soil of the most unfavourable nature, little progress was made during the first night. In many places the ground was too rocky to sink a trench, and the earth had to he gathered together, and brought in baskets from great distances; besides which,
f The -working parties, as well as the guard of the trenches, were at this period always conducted to their proper positions hy an officer of Engineers. He likewise posted the sentries and picquets in front of the work, and superintended the general arrangements of the positions occupied by the supports and guard of the trenches.
It was intended to “ break ground ” on Frenchman’s Hill simultaneously with the Left attack, and acordingly a working party of 400 men of the Line had assembled on the evening of the 10th October at the Right attack park ; hut owing to the difficulty of conveying the materials and tools it became late before the men reached the intended portion of the battery, and so dark that the officer of Engineers was unable to identify the small heaps of stones which marked the site of the battery. These marks were necessarily extremely small, so as not to attract the attention of the enemy’s riflemen, who frequently occupied this ground during the daytime. After an hour’s ineffectual search the men were withdrawn, as the officers of Engineers thought it preferable not to attempt a trace of the accuracy of which they were not perfectly satisfied. By the following night the battery was retraced, and completed in time to open fire on the 17th Oct,, simultaneously with the other batteries.
The extent of parallel executed the first night was about 600 yards (a b. Plan, No. VI.).
* Vide Appendix No. 48. for the detailed Journal of the Trenches.

Preliminary operations not disturbed by tbe enemy.
Completion of batteries, and enrolment of volunteer
shaipshooters.
30 JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
the great scarcity of gabions rendered it necessary to use these as sparingly as possible, and chiefly at those places which it was intended to convert eventually into batteries. The parapets were strengthened during the following nights, and the embrasures “ laid out ” and “ revetted.” Traverses of great thickness were constructed to check the anticipated cross fire from the Flagstaff Battery, and magazines were completed, under cover of the sloping ground in rear, and perfectly hid from the enemy’s view.
During the daytime miners were employed to remove by “ blasts ” the rock at the terrepleines of the batteries.
To afford safe communication between the two attacks, a pathway cut into steps was cleared at the right extremity of the parallel, to lead down into the Woronzoff Road, from whence it was continued across the ravine and up the opposite slope to the left of the Right attack.
Right Attack.
with an approach in rear (c) across the exposed part of the hill. Subsequently the parallel was extended to the right (to d), to afford more ample cover for the guard of the trenches, an as a protection against sorties.
In many parts the rocky nature of the ground did not admit of sinking a trench, and the parapets had to be built up to a height of six, feet with the earth collected from the ravines in rear.
The whole of the above operations proceeded without any essential interruption on the part of the enemy. He generally opened a heavy fire at the time that the working parties were being relieved, without, however, seriously injuring the works or causing many casualties, except on the morning of the 16th October, when the cannonade was unusually heavy, and lasted for about two hours, causing a loss of nearly 20 men in killed and wounded.
On the extreme right the enemy gradually strengthened his outposts, and advanced with such boldness that it became necessary to increase the number of our picquets, more especially in support of the Right Lancaster battery. The right flank of the Right attack was now no longer thought secure, and the supporting trench (b d ), alluded to in the Trench Journal, was constructed, to protect that flank of the battery, and to afford more ample cover to the guard of the trenches.
By the 16th October the armanent of the batteries had been completed, and preparations were made for opening fire on the following day. Volunteers were collected from different regiments to act as sharpshooters. They were placed, at early dawn, some distance in front of the batteries, and by their continuous fire into the embrasures of the place caused great annoyance toi the enemy.

1
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 31
This duty was subsequently performed entirely by the Rifle Brigade, a3 great inconvenience resulted from the former plan, on account of the separation of the men from their regimental officers.
JOURNAL of the Right and Left Attacks.
Night between the 16th and 17th October.
The whole line of batteries was cleared, and got ready to open fire on the following morning. All the embrasures were unmasked and revetted, and at each gun portion were placed sandbags ready filled, for quickly repairing damages during the course of the bombardment.
The following was the armament of the English batteries :—
Trench
journal.
Armaments of the English batteries.
Left Attack.
No.
of
Battery
PI
No.
of
Gun. |
Nature
of
Gun.
a
g*
o
a
w
a
I Lancaster ]
I 8-in guns j 124-pdrs. J
8-in. guns J 24-pdrs. 1
8-in. guns ; 24 pdrs.
10-inch
mortars
Object.
To batter the tower and the salient and right face of Redan.
Enfilade left face of Redan, and batter its right face and the Barrack Battery.
Barrack Battery and principal buildings in the town.
Enfilade and batter Flag- staff Battery and adjacent buildings.
On the Redan and ground in front of Flagstaff Battery,
Total *41 pieces of ordnance.
* 17 of these guns were manned and worked by the Royal Navy.
Right Attack.
Name
of
Battery.
No.
on
Plan.
Ordnance.
No. of Pieces.
Nature.
fRightLan- caster or 5 -gun Battery. Left Lancaster.
a
i
pq
Total
Grand Total
tl
10-in Lan- f caster.
68-pdrs.
10 in. Lancaster.
10 in. mors. 24-pdrs. -
J7 32-pdrs.
8-in. guns 8 in. Lan--< caster.
8 in. guns J 24-pdrs. 1
10 -in. mors.
Objects fired at.
The two steamers and two- deckers moored in the Careening Creek.
The Malakoff Tower.
The line-of-batt!e ship moored in the Dockyard Harbour.
The Malakoff Tower.
The ground in front of the Maldkoff, and obliquely on the tower itself.
(From H M.S. “ Diamond.”) Against the tower and ground in front of it.
Partially to enfilade right face of Redan, hatter the left, and ground between it and the Dockyard Creek.
The Barrack Battery and vessel moored in the Dockyard Creek.
Redan and Barrack Battery.
32 pieces of ordnance. 73
t Frequently called the Tower Battery, j These guns were manned and worked by the Royal Navy.
The enemy had considerably increased the number of his batteries since Armaments of the arrival of the allies, and at this period he had no less than 109 pieces of batteries, ordnance opposed to the English attack alone, the greater part of which were guns of heavy metal.
x

32
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Russian Batteries opposed to the English Right and Left Attacks ou the
17th October 1858.
Name of Battery.
! No. of Pieces
I ° f Ordnance.
Remarks.
Flagstaff Batten'
7
Garden
do.
>
_
-
6
Barrack
do.
-
-
14
Redan
do.
-
22
Malakoff
-
.
.
T
15
Do.
Tower
-
-
-
O
o
Battery on the right flank of do.
Little Redan - ...
Total ...
In addition to these heavy siege guns, lighter pieces of ordnance were distributed as follows :
To the left of the Flagstaff At the head of the Dockyard Creek To the left of the Redan
Total light pieces
Grand total
o
10
I These batteries did not open on the \ j first day, although it appeared that _; they were armed.
* In this column those guns only are inserted which bore upon the British attack. This information has been obtained from Russian official sources.
FIRST BOMBARDMENT.
First bombard- 17th October.—At 6 30 a.m. the whole of the French and English batteries, ,mn mustering in the aggregate 126 pieces of ordnance, commenced to bombard
the Russian works.
It was anticipated that the fire of these powerful land batteries, combined with that of the allied fleets against the sea front, might sufficiently destroy the Russian works to admit of an assault, and every preparation had accordingly been made for such an event.f The troops off duty had been warned to he ready at a moment’s notice, and to “ fall in ” without knapsack or greatcoat ; all the field batteries remained horsed; and to each attacking column were told off one officer of Engineers and twenty Sappers, and one officer of Artillery and twenty gunners ; the latter furnished with spikes and rockets, and the former with intrenching tools, crowbars, and scaling ladders.
f Tide Appendix Nos. 14. and 15. for tlie General and Brigade Orders for the contemplated assault.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
33
During the first few hours the English batteries obtained a decided superiority over those of the enemy, and this superiority they maintained thoroughout the day. Little damage was done to their own batteries, whereas they almost silenced those of the enemy. By 10 o’clock the guns on the tower of Malakoff had been all either damaged or dismounted, the tower had become untenable, and the earthen battery round it had slackened its fire.
At about 3 r.ai. a tremendous explosion in rear of the Redan injured that work so considerably that only three guns were left standing; and later in the afternoon several minor but not unimportant explosions took place in the Russian lines.
The English batteries, although injured, remained firm throughout the day; their magazines remained uninjured; and the only accident was the explosion of a small ammunition tumbril, left accidently in a hollow, some distance in rear of Gordon’s Battery, but which did no injury whatever. The French, on the contrary, were not so fortunate. Their guns, of smaller calibre, Were unequal to contend with the heavy metal of those of the enemy, and fheir large magazines were necessarily more exposed than the small compact ones in the British lines. Two of them exploded in the early part of the day, and completely disabled two of their batteries, and at 1 p.m. the French batteries ceased firing entirely.
The whole attention of the Russians was now directed to the English lines, and the guns relieved from the French bombardment, which could be brought to bear on the English batteries were turned against them, but notwithstanding this increased and unexpected fire, the English batteries continued in action uninterruptedly until nightfall.
At 1 p.m. the allied fleets engaged the batteries on the sea-front, their advance having been delayed until this late hour from circumstances explained in Admiral Dundas’ letter.*
The firing on both sides, by land as well as by sea, now became rapid and incessant, and the Russians replied most vigorously, although suffering greatly. At half-past four they made a sortie against the extreme left of the French, and driving in the picquets they advanced in the most gallant manner to within 50 or 60 yards of the French batteries, and maintained that position until their heavy loss and the superior forces opposed to them obliged them to retire.
Towards dusk the fleet retired, having suffered considerably, and done comparatively little injury, j- notwithstanding the most gallant exertions.
* Vide Appendix No. 16.
t Little effect was produced on Fort Constantine by the fire of the allied fleet. Major George Bent, R.E., who subsequently inspected this fort, states, “Fort Constantine does not seem to have
E

34
JOURNAL OF THE .SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Russian defences at the close of the first day’s bombardment.
The assault postponed to the following day.
The English batteries are repaired.
The English batteries reopen fire.
The fire of the land batteries slackened at the same time, and ceased altogether at night. It was the first time since the commencement of the siege that the Russian guns remained silent during the night.
At the close of the day the MalakofF had become a ruin, and in the earthwork around it only two of the guns were able to return fire.
The Redan was completely silenced, with the exception of an occasional shot from one of the guns; the fire from the “ Barrack ” and “ Flagstaff ” batteries was much reduced, and the vessel in Dockyard Creek had been forced to retire out of range, and one of the steamers at the head of the harbour had been injured, and was obliged to withdraw. The enemy’s loss in killed and wounded is supposed to have been considerable.
The English, in comparison, suffered but little, only eight* * of their guns were disabled, and hardly any damage had been done to their batteries.f
Could an assault have been attempted this evening it is believed that it would have proved successful. But as the French expected to re-establish their batteries by the following morning, it was decided to delay the assault on the British side until the French were ready to undertake the operation against the works of the Flagstaff Bastion.
The whole of the English batteries were repaired in* the course of the night, and the embrasures, chiefly injured by the concussion of our own guns, were rebuilt, and revetted with fascines. Every precaution was taken for the safety of the magazines, and small traverses were built close to the entrances to prevent accidents from splinters of shells.
No, 4 battery of the Left attack had suffered more than any other part of the line, as subsequent to the silence of the French works the whole attention of the “ Flagstaff” and “ Garden ” batteries had been turned upon it, but even this was got ready to open fire on the following morning.
18th October.—The English batteries reopened soon after daybreak, and continued throughout the day a steady, well-directed, but not so rapid a fire as that on the previous day. The French were still unable to assist, and it was not expected that their batteries would be completed until the 19th. The Russians, on the contrary, had during the course of the night succeeded in repairing their injured works, and they reopened this morning with a full
“ been materially damaged by the fire from the fleets in October 1854. Several shots have “ struck the masonry, and the stones so damaged have been replaced ; but two embrasures “ only have been injured (we could not ascertain whether by the fire from the shipping or from “ the concussion of the fire from the fort) ; on the upper platform many of the guns were “ dismounted.”
* One Lancaster gun burst, five carriages disabled, and the wheels of two others broken, t This account of the bombardment has been compiled entirely from the official Artillery and Engineers’ reports, furnished to Lord Raglan at the time.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
35
complement of guns, and maintained their fire far more successively than on the previous day.
The display of such extraordinary energy on the part of the enemy, an Necessity°f g the enormous resources which it now became apparent that he had at his the artillery command, rendered it desirable to concentrate the artillery fire more fully
than had hitherto been done upon the principal points of attack, as without this it was not considered* that any decisive effect would be obtained.
Several of the guns had been turned, with the object of setting the town on fire, instead of directing their attention solely to reducing the enemy’s works, in accordance with the original instructions.
In both attacks, therefore, the embrasures were re-altered to bear more fully upon the principal points, viz., the Redan, the Malakoff, and the Flagstaff batteries. The batteries on the Left attack were increased by five additional embrasures for guns of the heaviest metal; the ground in front was also more closely reconnoitered, to obtain advantageous sites for new batteries.
19th October.—The French had re-established their batteries, and the whole of the allied lines reopened their fire this morning.
The result of this day’s bombardment was awaited with deep interest, for it would decide the future course of operations of the allies. If the bombardment proved successful, the assault could at once be attempted, but if, on the contrary, the combined fire of the whole of the existing batteries were still found insufficient to silence the Russian works, no other course was left but to postpone the assault until the arrival of fresh reinforcements of men and means.
The French maintained a quick and well-directed fire throughout the day, and the English batteries continued steadily and uninterruptedly, but more deliberately than on the first day, for the ammunition in their batteries was much reduced. A bombardment of short duration only had been anticipated, and the batteries had accordingly been supplied with sufficient ammunition for three to four days’ heavy firing. It was now the third day since they had opened, and as there appeared every probability of the cannonade continuing for several days more, the number of rounds per gun had to be limited.f
It now became evident that the enemy’s resources, both in men and means, were far superior to those of the allies. That decided superiority which the English batteries alone had obtained on the first day’s bombardment could not now be re-established, as the enemy had strengthened his works ; he had increased the number of his guns, and his fire had become steadier.
Third day’s bombardment.
The daily expenditure of ammunition is limited.
The enemy’s resources are perceived to be far superior to those of the allies..
* Vide Appendix No. 17.
t Vide Appendix No. 19 for the quantity of ammunition remaining in the batteries on the morning of the 20th October.
E 2

36
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The Council of War recommends the postponement of the assault. Consequent alterations in the works of attack.
He now possessed an artillery fully double that of the allies. All his guns of heavy calibre he could fully man and skilfully serve. He had a force large enough to enable him, not only to repair in the course of a night all the damages done to his batteries during the day’s bombardment, and replace all his guns injured or dismounted, but he could likewise add to the strength of his defences, and increase the number of his batteries, as well on the south as on the north side of Sebastopol. With these very great resources and a force so large, a situation eminently fitted for defence, and protected by batteries more numerous even than on the first day’s fire, the enemy’s position was justly considered too formidable to risk an assault with an army so reduced in number as that of the allies.
The Generals in Council therefore decided to await the arrival of reinforcements both of men and of means, and then to recommence a fi*esh bombardment with a greatly increased force of artillery.
This postponement of the assault to an indefinite period necessitated many alterations in the works of attack.
The English batteries and trenches had been constructed for a specific object, and solely with the view of satisfying that object. A regular attack by means of approaches and parallels had neither been contemplated, nor was it possible whilst the enemy had possession of the Inkerman ridge. The sole object had been to obtain cover for powerful but temporary batteries, with a sufficient length of supporting trench to screen the guard that protected them. These works were not calculated to withstand the wear and tear of many months’ bombardment, and, from the smallness of the working parties, little regard had been paid to neatness of construction. Everything, on the contrary, had been sacrificed to speed, combined with a due amount of strength. Thus far, indeed, the batteries had answered well. The works themselves had suffered but little, much less than those of our allies, and the casualties within them were fewer. Whereas in both the French and Russian lines an explosion occurred almost daily, the English magazines remained perfect and untouched.*
The altered circumstances of the original undertaking required, however, constructions of a more permanent character. Larger magazines were necessary, as well as larger traverses, to withstand a prolonged bombardment. A great portion of the revetments,—which, from scarcity of material, had frequently been repaired with wooden shell-boxes, stones, biscuit bags, or anything that could be found on the spot,—however apt and expedient at the time, was unsuited for a permanent structure, and all these revetments had consequently to be pulled down and properly rebuilt.
* The exertions of the Engineers were brought to the notice of Lord Raglan in a memorandum dated 18th October 1854. (Vide Appendix No. 18.)

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
37
These alterations were now put in progress, and as no offensive movements could be undertaken until the arrival of reinforcements, it was directed that the batteries should slacken their fire, so as not to expend too rapidly their united supply of ammunition. The ground in front was more carefully sm veyed and studied, and the ravines leading to the Redan and the batteries r, ’ght and left of it were reconnoitered by officers of Engineers*, for the purpose of ascertaining the best point of assault.
The enemy’s fire, although reduced, was still too heavy to admit of any work being done during the daytime, beyond small and immediate repairs ; consequently all the more important improvements had still to be executed at night.
At this period the corps had to deplore the loss of another “ Commanding Engineer,” Lieut.-Colonel Alexander, R.E. He was seized with apoplexy during the night of the 19th October, and died, deeply lamented by all his brother officers, on the morning of the 20tli. The preliminary operations for this great siege had been conducted by him with great zeal, ability, and an untiring energy; and universal were the regrets that so excellent an officer, with manners so kind and social, had not been spared to reap the reward of his great exertions.
The command of the Royal Engineers now devolved upon Colonel (then Captain) J. W. Gordon. Major Tylden was at the same time appointed director of the Right attack, and Major (then Captain) Lovell, brigade- major. About the same time Lieutenant Lempriere joined the Right attack, having completed the works of defence which he had been directed to construct in Circassia.
JOURNAL.—October 19th to October 25th.
Left Attack.
Upon a small projecting spur in the Piequet House Ravine, from which a good view could he obtained of the inner harbour, a battery (No. 6) for three 24-pounders and one 10-inch mortar was established, at tlxe recommendation of Colonel Chapman, R.E., to fire against the enemy’s men-of-war at the head of the Dockyard Creek, and to prevent all communication over the wooden bridge which crossed this creek. This battery was commenced on the 21st, and completed and armed on the evening
Right Attack.
The first parallel was extended to the right (to d), to crown a small knoll from which the enemy’s man-of-war at the upper end of the harbour could be seen. This vessel annoyed the guards of the trenches considerably, by advancing very stealthily under cover, suddenly firing a few rounds, and immediately retiring out of range of our guns. Capt. (now Rear- Admiral) Sir S. Lushington, R.N., hoped that from the knoll referred to a Lancaster gun could be brought to bear upon the vessel with
Death of Lieut.-Col. Alexander, R.E.
Consequent change of staff officers.
Trenchjournal, 19th to 25th Oct.
* Lieutenants Baynes, Martin, Pratt, and Donelly.

38
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
of the 23d. A small cave, conveniently situated in the rocks to the rear of the battery, was transformed into a powder magazine, and a road along which artillery could pass was constructed up the slope of the spur on which the battery was placed.
The ground was difficult, and the terrepleine had to be cut out of the solid rock.
Some farmhouses in the ravine below, occupied by the advanced picquet, were unroofed and unfloored, and the timber was used for platforms and sleepers. A small coppice adjoining the farm buildings was cut down, and the material conveyed to the park for converting into fascines. It proved a most useful supply, as the stores in the parks were nearly exhausted by this time.
The batteries and platforms were strengthened and improved throughout. No. 5 battery was constructed, to enfilade the right face of the Flagstaff Battery. It was completed on the 20th, after a good deal of labour, as the ground was rocky, and had in parts to be blasted to a depth of two feet.
In rear of No. 4 battery a large reserve magazine was completed, in the construction of which the greatest care was taken, as the enemy had fired of late a great number of 10-inch mortar shells, and had obtained the range of our batteries most accurately. This likewise induced the Engineers to construct new traverses both to the batteries and to the magazines.
To support the French attacks additional embrasures were brought to bear upon the Barrack and Garden batteries.
The weakness of the working parties, and especially the small force of Sappers, did not permit of undertaking all these improvements at once, and the less important had to be deferred until available means could be obtained.
Right Attack.
great effect. Accordingly, a battery for two guns (No. 1 battery) was commenced, and was protected by a strong epaulment from the crossfire of the Redan and the Flagstaff; but the rocky nature of the ground, which necessitated blasting to a great extent, (and more especially the non-arrival of several reliefs of workmen,) delayed its completion until the night of the 23d October, when it was armed with a 95- cwt. gun, and with the Lancaster gun from the left Lancaster battery. This latter battery was subsequently dismantled.
As the original intention of confining the attacks against Sebastopol to the first line of batteries was now abandoned, the British trenches were ordered to be advanced, so as to obtain for the batteries greater security against surprise. A trench ( ef) was accordingly traced parallel to the Russian works, and along the crest of a slight rise about 600 yards in front of Gordon’s battery. A communication (a h l ) connecting it with the battery was laid out on the icestern slope of Frenchman’s Hill, on which side the rising ground completely protected it from the fire of the Malakoff Tower ; but the working parties were so extremely small that it was impossible to execute at once the whole extent of trench, and for this reason the boyau of communication was first commenced and pushed forward to (A) within 400 yards of the intended parallel, and the latter was executed and connected with the boyau on subsequent nights by flying sap.*
The batteries were much improved, and those parts which appeared to be the least
* The term flying-sap is perhaps hardly appropriate to the mode in which this work was executed. Although gabions were used, and placed side by side along the whole length of work to be executed, the greater portion had no trench to the rear, the rocky nature of the ground not admitting of its construction. Gabions had to be filled, and covered with stones and earth, from wheresoever such could be obtained; and the parapets in parts had to be built up to their full height above the surface of the ground. This third parallel remained incomplete for several days, in consequence of the smallness of the working parties.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
39
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
substantial, or which were revetted with large biscuit bags and other perishable materials, were rebuilt. Several new traverses were added. Larger reserve magazines were built, and the platforms repaired throughout.
Parts of the town were set on fire at various times, but the Russians invariably succeeded in quenching the conflagration.
October 25th to November 5th.
The Russians worked at their defences with a zeal and energy well worthy The Russians
p • ti* . . . n xi increase the
UI Citation, and as their resources in guns and ammunition, as well as tne number of their amount of labour at their command*, were enormous, they had the power of defence8 > strengthening their position almost to an unlimited extent. Several entirely Row batteries had already been completed, and many others were in progress on the north as well as on the south side of Sebastopol. But we shall allude here to such works only as were opposed to the British attacks :—
1. In advance of the Flagstaff Bastion, and in front of the French attack,
they had constructed a small battery, which much annoyed our trenches.
2. The Garden batteries had been completed, and 14 guns were mounted
in them.
3. The battery across the head of the Dockyard Creek had been enlarged,
and had been armed with heavy guns.
4. The wall connecting the proper right flank of the Redan with the
Barrack Battery had been converted into a battery for heavy guns, and new batteries were being commenced on the left flank of the Redan.
5. The Little Redan flanking the ground in front of the Malakoff had been
fully armed.
In the ruins of Inkerman Castle they had likewise established a battery for heavy guns, the fire from which caused some annoyance to the outposts of the Second Division ; and as fears were entertained that the enemy would throw shot into the camp itself, a counter battery was erected on the extreme right flank of the allied position, and some distance in advance of the Second Division camp. This battery, called the Sandbag Battery, was completed and armed on the 24th October, and by a steady fire it effectually succeeded in
* The garrison of Sebastopol at this period mustered 57 battalions of the Line and about 10,000 sailors.—Vide “Der Feldzug in der Krim,” by Anitclikoff, p. 29, second part.

40
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
silencing the enemy’s guns. Its position, however, was considered too far in advance to he safely guarded at night, and the battery was shortly afterwards disarmed.
And commence
aggressive
movements.
Proposal to make a reconnaissance over the Inkerman ridge.
The Russians now commenced to advance, and to encroach upon the allied position in every direction. Their picquets had been greatly increased and not only were they far superior in point of numbers to those which the allies could oppose to them, hut they were generally supported by field artillery even in minor skirmishes. They constantly attacked the besiegers, more especially in front of the Right attack and in the Middle Ravine, and whenever forced to retire or pursued they rapidly withdrew, under cover of the fire from their field-pieces, to a number of small stone rifle screens, with which they had surrounded their position. From the screens they were enabled to take a steady deadly aim at their opponents, at the same time that they themselves remained securely protected. Many casualties occurred, and the English picquets being very small had some difficulty in maintaining their position.
On one occasion, some of the enemy’s riflemen advanced during the night as far as the large quarry to the immediate front of the 21-Gun battery, and on the following morning they opened a heavy fire upon the embrasures of that battery. These skirmishers were at once driven out, yet it became evident that the heavily armed earth-works of the Right attack were no longer secure, and that a strong body of troops ought to be placed in advance, to prevent the enemy from surprising the besiegers’ works.
A third parallel * was therefore commenced at 600 yards in front of Gordon’s Battery, but want of workmen, as already stated, retarded its completion for several days.
A proposition was put forward + at this period, to make a strong recon- noissance to the front, completely over the Inkerman ridge, and as far as the head of the harbour ; and for the following reasons : the right flank was at present indifferently protected ; it was of great importance to strengthen it, and this could be effected by a more complete occupation of the Inkerman ridge. The troops or lodgments of the enemy on that ridge could be hut imperfectly supported, and unless they had intrenched themselves, which was most unlikely, they might be driven off altogether.
* This trench was, correctly speaking, the second parallel, and it was called so until the spring of 1855, when its name was changed to that of third parallel, to distinguish it from the line of batteries (Vide second parallel, Plan No. vm.) which were then being constructed in its immediate rear. To avoid confusion, the term third parallel has therefore been adopted throughout this record.
f In a Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, dated 20th October 1854.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
41
By this proceeding the besiegers would enforce their superiority at a distance from the works of the place, and hy holding the ground m advance, however feebly, they would obtain a command of all the ravines hy wine 1 an enemy could ascend the plateau from the head of the harbour, and they would thus add materially to the strength of their right flank. But the British army was considered too weak to admit of cariying out L ese proposals.
A considerable number of Russian troops had meanwhile collected on the flanks of the Tchernaya, and on the 20th October a force of seven strong columns of infantry, accompanied by some guns, advanced from the north side of the river, and bivouacked on the Fedukhine heights, which cover the bridge of Tractir and are on the direct road to Balaklava. From this position they made several reconnoissances towards Balaklava, retiring, however, as soon as the Turkish redoubts opened fire upon them.
By degrees this corps of observation was increased to 18 battalions of infantry, 30 or 40 guns, and a large body of cavalry, and with this force the enemy made a determined movement * against the British base of operations °n the morning of the 25th October.
This position, as already stated (p. 24), was defended by an inner and an outer line, the former being occupied in the following manner : A small force of Marine’s protected the high ground which formed the extreme right of the position; to their west, and between them and Kadikoi, was a small detachment of’the 93d Regiment, while the main body of the 93d and a battery of artillery were drawn up in, front of the village of Kadikoi. Guns of position were placed along the most prominent points of this line (viz. at the places marked i., ii., in., and iv. on plan No. 5); they were manned by the Royal Marine Artillery, and each gun had been supplied with from 150 to 200 rounds of ammunition. The total extent of this line was about three miles, and its defence was intrusted to the command of Major-General Sir Colin Campbell. The brigades of light and heavy cavalry and a troop ol horse artillery were on his left, and between Ivadikoi and the plateau, in order to keep up the communication with the front.
The outer line was between 2,000 and 3,000 yards in front of this inner position, and crowned the line of low eminences which extend across the plain of Balaklava from the village of Kamara to the plateau of Sebastopol. Four small redoubts, each capable of holding from 250 to 400 men, had been hastily constructed along this line by the Turks, under the direction of Lieut. Waginan, and they were armed with seven 12-pounder iron guns. These works, being of very slight profile, were little calculated to resist a,
* Vide Appendix Nos. 20 and 21 for the ofiicial accounts of the battle.

42
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
powerful attack, and they were too far to the front to he properly supported. They were manned by a force of about 3,000 Turkish troops, of whom the greater part were raw recruits and redifs (militia).
At an early hour on the morning of the 25th October large masses of Russian infantry advanced to the attack of these redoubts, and carried them, almost without opposition. The Turks were not in sufficient numbers to offer much resistance, and being quite unsupported they had to abandon their guns and retreat in haste towards Balaklava. The Russians then threw forward their numerous cavalry, supported by a powerful artillery, against the inner line ; hut here they met with a determined and unexpected resistance. The brigade of heavy cavalry, although far inferior to them in point of numbers, advanced to the charge, and in the most brilliant manner attacked them both in front and in flank. The enemy’s squadrons were put into complete disorder, and the accurate fire of artillery, and the steadiness of the 93d Regiment, at length forced them to retire to the protection of the Turkish redoubts. The brigade of light cavalry now advanced, with the view of recapturing the guns which had been taken from the Turks, and through some misconception of orders they charged in an injudicious but very gallant manner against a heavy cross and flank fire of artillery. They were forced to retire, after suffering an immense loss.
The 1st and 4th Divisions, under the commands of H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge and Sir George Cathcart, had meanwhile advanced from the plateau, and the latter, supporting the Turkish troops, had caused these to reoccupy No. 3 redoubt; but this redoubt was so exposed on account of the enemy’s retaining possession of the other two to the east of it that it had again to be abandoned at nightfall. Thus the whole of the outer line of defence fell into the hands of the Russians.
The position of With its present means of defence Balaklava was no longer considered
Strengthened, secure, and Colonel J. W. Gordon, R.E., was ordered to report upon the practicability of retaining it as a base of operations. He stated that with a slightly increased force such works could be thrown up for the defence of this position as would insure its safety against any force which the enemy could bring against it; and accordingly, the same afternoon, a series of defensive works were commenced along the position hitherto occupied by the “ inner line.” These works * were laid out at first in a continuous line of slight profile, which was subsequently enlarged and improved until it became a position of great strength, capable of resisting a vigorous attack of powerful and very superior forces. The troops for its protection were at the same time considerably increased. The heights on the extreme right were
A description of these lines is given in Appendix No. 54.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
43
occupied by about 1,200 Marines, who had been landed from the fleet to assist in the defence of Balaklava. The 42d and 79th Regiments were withdrawn from the force engaged in conducting the siege, and placed in rear of Nos. 1 nnd 2 batteries, while the 93d Regiment encamped in rear of No. 4 battery, in front of the gorge leading into the town of Balaklava. The Turkish troops occupied the intervals between the spur battery and No. 1 battery, an d between Nos. 2 and 4 batteries, and a considerable body of seamen were landed from the ships to man the guns along this position. Sir Colin Campbell had the entire command of this force.
Further to the left, and in an elevated but retired position, was placed the 2d Brigade of the French Corps d’Observation under the command of General Vinois, ready to assist the British force, and to maintain the connexion etvveen the troops in the valley and those on the plateau of Sebastopol.
The Sanspareil was brought inside the harbour of Balaklava, and moored with her broadside facing the entrance into the plain ; and the town itself Was garrisoned, the same as it had been previously, by a battalion composed °f detachments of the convalescent men from the different British
regiments.
Such were the means adopted for the defence of this important place, and it was now considered secured from any attack of the forces which the enemy maintained along the Tchernaya. These arrangements, however, tended in no Avays to ameliorate the very critical position in which the allies were now placed. Although the enemy had been unsuccessful in the main object of his attack, he had obtained a decided and an important advantage, and his occupation of the Turkish redoubts forced the English to abandon all use of the Woronzoff Road, which was the shortest and best communication with their base of operation, and restricted them to the use of the circuitous and unformed track by way of the Col de Balaklava. The enemy’s forces were literally surrounding the position of the allies; and although these were attacking Sebastopol, the Russians in their turn were blockading the position of Balaklava. Neither party was completely invested, for the retreat of either was perfectly open (that of the allies, however, being only to the sea) ; and both armies retained free access to their bases of operation.
The Russians were, however, far more favourably situated, on account of the proximity and inexhaustible nature of their resources; and the force which they had at their command was large enough to insure success in the offensive operations in which they now had commenced to engage.
On the forenoon of the 26th October they assaulted the right flank of the British position at Inkerman.
Moving from the head of the harbour, with a strong force of infantry, supported by artillery, they advanced over the Inkerman ridge with much
F 2
Vide Flan No. 5.
Critical position of the allies.
Attack of the 26th Oct.

44
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Russian recon- noissance of the 2d Not.
The reduced state of the British army
necessitates the employment of Turkish working parties.
Cessation of the first bombardment.
The enemy’s fire still causes casualties.
apparent confidence, and after entering into a hot engagement with the British picquets, they attacked the left of the 2d Division ; they were, however, speedily repulsed, and pursued most energetically down the slope of the hill towards the head of the hay, retiring with considerable loss, and leaving- above eighty prisoners in the hands of the British.
On the afternoon of the 2d November they made a reconnoissance in foi'ce against the right flank of the position at Balaklava. They brought up some guns on the heights opposite to the right of the English position, tried the range, and soon after retired, judging correctly as to the impracticability of assaulting this position from that side.
This demonstration was evidently made for the purpose of drawing our attention towards Balaklava, while they contemplated the formidable attack of the 5th November on the opposite extremity of our position.
These continued attacks and skirmishes upon the flank and rear compelled the English to be ever on the alert, and necessarily exhausted the strength of their very limited force. The number of their effective men was rapidly diminishing; the reinforcements that had arrived were far too small to replace even the casualties from wounds and sickness ; whereas the number of duties which the troops were now called upon to perform was increasing, more especially on the right, where the outpost duties were very severe. English working parties could no longer he furnished, and all advanced works had in consequence to he discontinued. But as it w r as imperative that some workmen should daily be at the disposal of the Engineers, to keep in repair the trenches and batteries, a Turkish regiment was withdrawn from the force stationed at the Col de Balaklava, and encamped in the vicinity of the Engineer park of the Right attack. Small working parties of these troops were henceforth employed in this attack.
Meanwhile the fire of artillery in front of Sebastopol had considerably relaxed on both sides*, and the number of casualties was consequently decreasing. After the 1st of November the firing ceased almost entirely, with the exception of an occasional short but heavy cannonade at the time of relieving the guards of the trenches.
At such times the enemy, who most probably had become aware that the allies were preparing to assault the place, opened a heavy fire of shell and grape, w hich w r as more especially directed against the advanced trenches of the Right attack. Many of the gabions were displaced, and part of the newly commenced hoyau was destroyed. The latter likewise was so heavily fired into by the enemy’s sharpshooters that it became necessary to make a cross
* Tlie expenditure of ammunition and of Engineers’stores during the first bombardment are given in Appendices Nos. 23 and 24.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
45
communication (i g) in front of the Coehorn battery, and to construct some traverses in the trench beyond it. At daylight on the morning of the 2d November the Russians brought up several field pieces, under cover of the louses adjoining the Dockyard Creek, and swept with grape the near approaches to the town, and the Ravines along which our picquets were in the a of marching to the trenches.
Our batteries did not reply, as it was necessary to preserve the ammunition Proposed plan 01 ^ le bombardment, which it had been decided should take place during the of attack ' rst week in November, and which was to be succeeded by the assault of the town. I n t})i s operation, which was proposed by the French, the British "''ere to co-operate * by moving round the head of the Man-of-war Creek, and assailing the flank and rear of the enemy’s position in immediate connexion AV1 j? ^ 1(i ^ renc b attack in front.
° r this operation the Engineers were directed to prepare.
JOURNAL.—26th October to 5th November.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Trench journal, 26th Oct. to 5th Nov.
The explosion of another large French magazine on the 26th October, and the subsequent silence of one of the batteries of our allies, caused the Flagstaff Bastion to fire with redoubled energy upon our works of the Left attack. These suffered consequently more than usual, and required frequent repairs.
Five guns and one mortar were disabled during these two days’ heavy firing, and fourteen platforms had to be repaired or replaced. The supply of sandbags was by this time nearly exhausted, and biscuit bags and salt-meat casks, obtained from the commissariat, had to he substituted in their stead. Large working parties were employed daily in preparing fascines with the brushwood collected in the Picquet-house Ravine.
The batteries were repaired throughout, and strengthened, whenever a sufficient number of workmen could be obtained; and with the view of assisting the French in the intended assault the line of fire of many of the embrasures was altered to hear on the Barrack Battery.
The weather had sensibly changed, and the
The working parties were very small, and on several occasions the batteries had to open fire on the following mornings with some of the most important repairs still unattended to. Fortunately the enemy’s fire had considerably- diminished, or the consequences would have been serious.
The want of workmen prevented likewise the extension of the third parallel.
The Russians, on the contrary, were advancing, and their riflemen had now established and intrenched themselves in some quarries about four hundred yards in front of the Redan, and they considerably annoyed our sharpshooters who were stationed in the incompleted third parallel and in the approaches to it.
On the night of the 27th October a site was prepared in advance for a small Coehorn battery, to scour these covered hiding places of the enemy; but so small a number of workmen only could be obtained that this battery, although constructed upon a most favourable piece of ground, where ample soil was obtainable, could not be completed until the night of the
* Yide Appendix No. 25.

46
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The enemy receives large reinforcements;
and determines to attack the allies.
Left Attack.
nights became bitterly cold ; rain began to fall heavily, and it was difficult, from the small numbers of workmen furnished to this attack, to attend to the drainage of the trenches and magazines, as well as to keep them in repair.
Right Attack.
30tli October. On the 31st October it opened fire, and succeeded in silencing to a great extent the enemy’s riflemen.
November 5th to November 9th.
While the allies were completing their arrangements for the second bombardment, preparatory to assaulting the place, large reinforcements of the enemy were rapidly entering Sebastopol. The 4th Corps d’Armee, commanded by General Dannenberg, and other contingents, had arrived from the north. They had been brought to the Crimea with singular rapidity and in the lightest possible order, in country carts and waggons ; and their arrival increased the Russian army to about 82,000 men.* This force was far superior in point of numbers to that of the besiegers.
Including troops of all arms, the allies mustered about 6l,800f effective men; but these troops were necessarily dispersed over a large surface, and fully one fifth of the total force had to be detached at Balaklava and Kamiesh, for the protection of the respective bases of operations, from which they could not be withdrawn, even for a short time, without great risk. The actual force, therefore, at the disposal of the allies, to resist an attack on any one point, was far beloiv the number named above.
Prince Menchikoff did not fail to perceive and to profit by the advantages arising from these peculiar circumstances. The superiority of the Russians in point of numbers, and the central position which they occupied, enabled him to act most powerfully upon the interior lines of his opponents, and especially favoured his assuming offensive operations. He therefore determined to take the field, and by a powerful and combined movement, to force the allies, not only to postpone their assault, but likewise to raise the siege; and although these operations proved a complete failure, it must nevertheless be admitted that the plan was well conceived.
The reconnoissances of the 26th October had exposed the weakness of the right flank of the allied position ; and subsequent observation had shown the Russian general that since that period this position had neither been strengthened, nor had reinforcements been added to the small body that
* Anitchkof’s Russian account of tlie Campaign in tlie Crimea, p. 35.
f The French army mustered 39,450 men (vide General Neil’s report on the siege of Sebastopol, p. 467), and the effective state of the British army was 22,369. Vide Appendix No. 47.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
47
guarded it. It was still the most vulnerable part, and he therefore selected us the point against which to direct his main attack, supporting it on e ither flank by minor hut judiciously planned movements; one on the extreme left of the allied position, against the French siege works, the other ugainst Balaklava, the British rear. The allies were thus to he simultaneously attacked in three different places; in the flank, in the front, and in the rear, so as to keep their forces separated, fully engaged at all points b y superior numbers, and to prevent them from sending any troops to the relief of the Inkerman position, against which he directed the main body of his army.
That the weak and exposed state of this position had not been overlooked The allies are
hv tho lr r , cognizant of
3 ‘Hies we have already stated. the weakness
From the very date of their arrival on to the plateau of Sebastopol, the nght general officers of divisions had frequently pointed out the expediency of increasing the force for the protection of this flank. But neither the men They have not nor the means could he obtained for the purpose. The entire British gtrengthenU. position was so thinly lined with troops, even at the commencement of the Sle ge, that the right flank could not have been reinforced without seriously exposing some other part. As the siege progressed, such a movement became the more impracticable, for the strength of the British army was gradually diminishing, while the duties they had to perform were multiplying.
In fact the men were being overworked, and they wanted rest. Sickness as a natural consequence spread rapidly through the camp, and at length so small a number of men remained fit for duty that great anxiety| was felt for the safety of the position. It was no longer possible even to occupy the great extent of ground^ which had to be securely protected.
At this critical period defensive works of a sufficient size and strength to resist a powerful attack would have been of the greatest service, more particularly to protect the Inkerman ridge, but their construction, under the present circumstances, was quite impossible. Such works required a vast number of workmen, for the ground was so rocky and difficult to excavate
* Vide page 24.
t On the 25th October, Sir G-eorge Brown reported “ that at daylight, instead of having any “ one in camp for the defence of the position, we (the Light Division) shall he short of troops to “ relievo picquets.” A few days subsequently, Sir Do Lacy Evans, whose division alone guarded the Inkerman ridge, states, “I have hut 600 men on this front position. The troops are com- “ pletely worn out with fatigue. This is most serious.” Likewise at Balaklava, the number of troops was extremely small, in comparison with the enemy’s forces opposed to them. On the 2d November, Sir Colin Campbell reported, “that he had only sufficient men for his position to “ extend them in single line, at open order, with a reserve of 160 men in rear.”
t The extent of ground held by the British army was about 9 miles, including the extent of the Right and Left attacks.

48
Existing defences on the Inkerman ridge.
The battle of Inkerman.
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
that subsequent to the battle of the 5th November, when an entire French division assisted the British troops, it was even then found impossible to complete these works in less than two months. This assistance could not be obtained prior to the battle of Inkerman, and by themselves the British were unequal to the task. They were too weak even to furnish working parties to repair the trenches of the Right attack.
To oppose the enemy’s advance, there existed nothing, therefore, but the very important intrenchments enumerated below:
1. A low breastwork crowning the crest of the hill in front of the Second Division, and barring the roadway into the Inkerman valley. It was constructed by the Artillery and by the Second Division, to screen the field batteries which Avere posted on the extreme right, and it proved of some service during the battle.
2. A redoubt in rear of the First Division, to overlook the valley of the Tchernaya and the plain of Balaklava. It was called the “ Guards’ Redoubt,” or, more generally, “Redoubt Canrobert,” after the French general at Avhose instigation it Avas constructed. This work Avas of little use for the defence of the position.
3. The sandbag battery, facing the Inkerman ruins, from which the guns had been Avithdrawn, as it Avas considered too far in advance to be protected at night.
The Inkerman road on the extreme right had likeAvise been broken up in several places; but this and the two last-named intrenchments Avere of little use for the defence of the position. They Avould have been of great service could an attack have been made from the east; but that Avas impracticable, as has already been explained (in page 21). The only assailable point Avas from the north, i.e., from the head of the harbour.
A heavy rain had continued to fall during the Avliole of the previous night, and toAvards morning on the 5th November a dense fog settled in the valley of Inkerman, and completely enveloped the height, rendering it difficult to see objects distinctly for a distance of more than a feAV yards. Favoured by the mist, and taking advantage of the darkness at early daAvn, the Russians surprised our out picquets, and Avere fast draAving near to the British lines ere the troops received warning to collect and dispute the enemy’s advance. Column after column, closely pressing upon each other, ascended the plateau, and protected by a tremendous fire of artillery assailed the position at all points. Everywhere our troops found themselves outnumbered by the enemy’s forces, and it required efforts and gallantry of no ordinary kind to enable the allies to maintain their ground. Such a struggle, has rarely, if ever, been Avitnessed in modern Avarfare. For nearly seven hours, 8,000

49
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
English, subsequently joined by 6,000 French troops, not only sustained a hand 1° hand fight against upwards of 45,000 men, supported by a most powerful ■utillevy, and succeeded in holding their own, but they forced this army °f three times their number to retreat beyond the Tchernaya with conquerable loss.*
The defeat of the Russians was so complete, and their obvious discourage- 80 great, that hopes were entertained of being able to follow up liS success by an immediate assault upon the place, and orders were issued , u ' batteries of the Right and Left attacks to open a heavy fire on the following morning.
It ^ ai1 " Ejections, however, were raised to the adoption of such a course.
was thought that the allies, whose forces were now nearly exhausted, would Uri great risk in attempting an assault, for they would have to combat powerful reserves of formed troops, and they would have to advance over '* great extent of broken ground, against an enormous power of heavy 'Utillery which had not yet been reduced, and that in attempting such a Movement they would expose their right flank to the enemy’s army of observation, which, although beaten, was still very powerful. On the other hand, as the winter was approaching it might be indispensable that they should consider bow they could secure their own position against future attacks of a similar nature. These were serious objections against an immediate assault; but the alternative was hardly more promising and was most unwelcome, for it entailed wintering on the bleak and exposed plateau, for which the allies were in every respect unprepared.
On the 6th November a council of warf was held to deliberate on the future course of operations, and it decided in favour of maintaining a defensive position, recommending—
1. That the assault should be postponed until the arrival of fresh reinforcements.
An attack on Sebastopol is contemplated.
Objections to it.
Recommendation of the council of war.
:2. That works! for the defence of the Inkerman position should at once he commenced.
3. That a French division should he moved to the right, to assist in the construction of these works and in the protection of the right flank.
■* Vide Appendices Nos. 26 and 27 for tlie despatches of the Battle of Inkerman..
•f This council was precided over by the two commanders-in-chief of the allied armies, and consisted of Generals Sir J. Burgoyne, Sirs R. England, R. Airey, II. Rose, and Admiral Lyons, on the part of the English, and Generals Bosquet, Forey, Bizot, de Martemprey, Troclm, and Admiral Bruat, on the part of the French.
t The details of construction of these defensive works will he found in the “Trench Journal," under the head of “ Inkerman Attack.”

The purchase of timber for hutting the troops.
Trenchjournal, 5th to 9th Nov.
50 JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Steps were accordingly taken to carry these resolutions into effect, and as the postponement of the assault rendered it probable that the army would have to winter in the Crimea, orders were issued on the 7th November to purchase the requisite timber for hutting the whole of the troops, and Lieut. De Vere, R.E., was sent at once to the coast of the Black Sea, where he succeeded, though not without difficulty, in collecting upwards of 14,000 planks and 1,600 pieces of scantling*, the whole of which reached the harbour of Balaklava on the 21st November. Orders Avere at the same time sent to Constantinople, to purchase there a further supply of timber, nails, and implements.
JOURNAL.— 5th November to 9th November.
Left Attack.
Beyond repairing the batteries and trenches, there was little done to the works of attack. Occasionally a few men were employed to construct banquettes for om- sharpshooters along the first parallel. Generally, however, the working parties were too small to admit of this extra duty; and whenever an additional number of men could he obtained they were invariably employed, at the request of the general officer, to break up the approaches in the Woronzoff Ravine, so as to secure the Left attack against a surprise in flank.
Some Russian riflemen had in the meantime succeeded in establishing themselves in a cemetery to the left front of this attack, and from that position they caused great annoyance to the guards of the trenches. One of the guns of the Picquet House Battery was accordingly low-
Rigiit Attack.
The working parties were composed of Turkish troops only, and some difficulty was experienced in directing their labour, on account of the illness of the interpreter.
The necessary repairs to the batteries and platforms were daily attended to, and the parapets which had been weakened by the enemy’s fire were strengthened with earth obtained from a ditch in front.
On the night of the 7th the Lancaster gun was moved from the Right Lancaster or 5-Gun Battery to the right of the 21-Gun Battery, to enable its fire to be made available against the Redan and Barrack Batteries, which formed the principal points for assault. The Lancaster Battery was shortly afterwards dismantled, its position being considered too much exposed.
As a farther protection to the left flank of this attack, it
Inkekman Attack.
On the night of the 8tli November three redoubts and a heavy battery were traced upon the ground on which the battle of Inlcerman had been fought. One of these, called the redoubt of the otli November, and situated to the right of the Inkerman road, was commenced by the French ; the three other works by the English. All of these works were solely for the defence of the position, and not for any aggressive purpose. The “ Left Lighthouse,” or No. 1. Redoubt, was of considerable dimensions, and occupied a small but very commodious knoll in the centre of the Inkerman ridge; while the Lunette Battery in front of it had complete view of all the approaches leading up from the harbour.
The Right Lighthouse, or No. 2. Redoubt, situated on a narrow spur to the east of these two, overlooked the
* Vide Appendix No. 29.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
51
Left Attack. erecl to point completely down tlie Dockyard Creek Ravine, and after some shots the Russian riflemen were dislodged from their position for a time.
Right Attack.
had been proposed to continue the 3d parallel over the slope of the hill down to the WoronzofF Ravine, so as to enable the picquets stationed there to communicate with the troops in the 3d parallel, and receive their support, if required. This operation, however, required so much labour from the rocky nature of the ground, and the site was so completely exposed to the fire from the Barrack Battery, that it was not executed at that time.
Inkf.rmax Attack.
bridge and causeway in the Inkerman valley.
The working parties employed to construct these defences were composed chiefly of Turkish troops, and consisted of part of the force which had hitherto been engaged in carrying on the works of the Right attack. Officers of Engineers and Sappers were furnished alternately from the Right and Left attacks.
November 10th to November 13th.
The British Engineers bad hitherto laboured under great difficulties in constructing advanced works on their side of the attack. Irrespective of the rocky nature of the ground, which almost defied the efforts of the small force of workmen which they had at their disposal, the Right attack of the allies had always been so completely exposed to enfilade, and had been so frequently threatened by the enemy’s active outposts hitherto occupying the Inkerman ridge, that the construction of close approaches toward the Redan or the Tower had been impracticable.
The enlargement and improvement of the existing but still far retired works were the only approaches which it was possible to execute, until circumstances should induce, or means could be found to force, these Russian outposts to retire. This great desideratum had most fortunately been obtained by the battle of Inkerman, ever since Avhich period the enemy’s riflemen, who had formerly occupied that ridge in great force, had retreated to a very retired position within a short distance of Sebastopol.
The allies were thus left in undisputed possession of the whole of the Inkerman ridge, and the great obstacle which had hitherto prevented them from advancing had thus been removed. Close approaches were now no longer exposed to enfilade, and as every step in advance lessened the distance to be traversed in order to reach the enemy’s works, and therefore the risk to be incurred in storming them, it became most desirable that the allies should take advantage of this extension of ground, and secure it, if possible,
g 2
Advantages gained by the battle of Inkerman.
It is recommended to secure these advantages permanently.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
M
52
before the enemy had recovered from the effects of his defeat of the 5tli November.
It was consequently proposed* that without loss of time,
1. The first parallel should be continued right across the Inkerman ridge
to the head of the harbour, so as to form a line of circumvallation, which would not only complete the investment of the south side of Sebastopol, but at the same time strengthen the allied position, and give confidence to their troops.
2, That as soon as this parallel had been established, every means should
be employed to push forward the approaches towards the Tower and the Redan, and if possible to obtain a footing on the Mam el on, about 1,000 yards in front of the Tower, which it was anticipated could be done as soon as the enemy’s steamer at the head of the harbour and the Lighthouse Battery had been somewhat silenced.
These views were not adopted ; and thus the ground in advance, which belonged by right to the allies, and which at present was quite undefended, was gradually again reoccupied by the enemy’s riflemen.
On the Left attack, where the construction of an advanced trench could no longer be deferred, as the enemy had approached so close to the first line of batteries as to render their safety doubtful, a second parallel was commenced, but it was carried on slowly, in order not to distress the troops with over work.
During this period of the siege a material change occurred in the weather. The nights became bitterly cold, and from the morning of the 10th November the rain continued almost incessantly, and rendered the roads extremely muddy and heavy.
Trenclijournal. 10th to 13th Nov.
JOURNAL.—10tli to 13th November.
Left Attack.
Eight Attack.
Ixkeiijian Attack.
Tlte ravines on either side of this attack were more effectually secured against sorties. In the Woronzoff Ravine the parapet (d) was strengthened, and the ditch in its front sunk to a depth of 6 feet; while in the Dockyard Creek Ravine, to the west of this attack, a trench
There was little work done to the batteries and trenches beyond clearing and draining them. The latter operation was a most troublesome one, as the rapid fall of the ground to the front, and the consequent flow of the water in that direction, necessitated the construction of culverts or
The works of defence were continued, but the progress made in them was inconsiderable. This is to be attributed partly to the lieavy rains and to the bad state of the roads, but chiefly to the rocky nature of the ground. There was little or no covering of earth, and the soil had
* Appendix No. 28.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
53
Left Attack.
was constructed rigid acros tlie ravine, and about 60 yard in front of the Picquet House so as to afford shelter to on advanced picquets from tli fire of the enemy’s nuinerou riflemen who were scatters about in. the Cemetery at th bead of the Dock yard Creek.
On the night of the 11th No vember the second parallc was traced, and about 30 yards of it (the portion n i' commenced. Throughout thi distance fair cover was ol tained during the first nigh The parallel was continue
011 subsequent nights, but its progress was much retarded by the rocky nature of the ground and the limited number of workmen. Every diminution of labour being a matter of the greatest importance, advantage was taken of the precipitous ledge of rock which bounds the western side of this attack for the purpose of forming an approach to the 2d parallel. Under cover of this rock a
pathway (a e) was made, perfectly sheltered from every part of the enemy’s defences, and a few hours sufficed to render it practicable as a communication the whole way from the 1st to the 2d parallel.
Eight Attack.
covered drains through the parapet. They were formed of loose stones or empty barrels, and continued to some distance in front of the parapet. This work could be done only at night, as it exposed the workmen to the enemy’s rifle fire.
The banquettes were remade in the 2d parallel and in the approaches to it, and in consequence of the scarcity of revetting material loose stones were employed for the purpose.
There was considerable trouble in managing tlie Turkish working parties,more especially as an interpreter could not always he obtained. The work they had to execute was seldom done well, and never quickly.
Inketimax Attack.
to be collected together in baskets. Besides the scarcity of revetting materials necessitated the daily employment of a large number of the working party in gathering stones for building up the interior slopes.
The supervision of the Turkish working parties was becoming very troublesome. It happened frequently that, as soon as the evenings had darkened sufficiently to render the distinction of close objects a matter of some difficulty, the men left their work, carrying tlieir tools away with them, and returned to camp.
Allowance must, however, be made for these unfortunate men (tlie Turks). They were badly fed, ill cared for, and so reduced from sickness that it was impossible to expect from them a great amount of work.
November 14th to 22d. %
On the 14th November the Crimea was visited by a terrible hurricane, which caused the most fearful destruction on the shores of the Black Sea, and unspeakable misery in the camp of the allies. Many of the tents were torn to pieces, and with the goods they contained swept away by the violence
The hurricane.

54
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
of the blast. Horses, frightened, broke loose, and fled in every direction; waggons were overturned; even roofs of houses were uplifted, and great quantities of stores and forage were destroyed. The hospital marquees, from their size, were unfortunately greatly exposed, and, notwithstanding the exertions that were made to uphold them, they were almost the first to fall down, and thus the sick, wounded, and dying had to remain for several hours exposed to a hitter cold and to a heavy rain and sleet.
At sea the destruction was terrific.* No less than 11 British vessels were dashed to pieces against the iron-bound shores of Balaklava, seven were dismasted, and many others Avere lost or dismasted at Eupatoria, and at the mouth of the Katcha.
* The following is a list of the British vessels known to have been lost or damaged in the Black Sea during the gale of the 14th November :
Off Balaklava :
A Maltese merchant brig ; totally lost.
The Progress, bark ; totally lost, containing hay and barley.
The Pultowa, bark ; totally lost, containing biscuits.
The Wanderer, bark ; totally lost, containing oats.
The Resolute, ship ; totally lost, magazine ship.
The Kenilworth, ship ; totally lost.
The Rip Van Winkle, ship ; totally lost.
The Wild Wave, ship ; totally lost.
The Prince, screw steamer ; totally lost, containing winter clothing and Engineer stores. The Mary Anne ; totally lost.
The Marquis ; totally lost.
The Melbourne, steam ship ; lost fore and mainmast.
The Mercia, ship ; dismasted.
The Lady Valiant, ship ; dismasted.
The Caduceus, ship ; dismasted.
The Pride of the Ocean, ship ; dismasted.
Medora, ship ; dismasted.
The Sir R. Sale, ship ; dismasted.
Off the Katcha :
The Pyrenees, ship; wrecked.
The Ganges, ship ; wrecked.
The Rodsley, ship ; wrecked.
The Tyrone, ship ; wrecked.
The Lord Raglan, ship; wrecked.
II.M.S. Sampson ; dismasted.
Off Eupatoria:
Her Majesty, ship ; wrecked.
The Asia, ship ; wrecked.
The Glendalough, ship ; wrecked.
The Harbinger, ship ; wrecked.
The Georgiana, ship ; wrecked.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
55
Many French and Turkish vessels, including a French line-of-battle ship, 'Were likewise destroyed and damaged. The most serious loss was that of he steam ship “ The Prince*,” containing the winter clothing for the British aM “y, ar 'd vast quantities of Engineer stores and ammunition.
Bring the whole of the forenoon the storm continued to rage with un- a ated fury, hut towards evening the wind lulled, and shifted round towards e north ; shortly after snow began to fall. That night many sought their rest without having tasted food; others, benumbed by the cold, Avere found ea d next morning in their tents.
The encampment of the allies presented a perfect scene of desolation on e blowing morning, and the troops were employed almost exclusively in re-arranging their tents and cooking places, and in repairing the numerous amages caused by the hurricane.
The Russians, meanwhile, had strengthened their advanced posts in front °f Green Hill attack, and had established a second line of rifle pits within 250 yards of the second parallel. From these pits their riflemen kept up a continuous musketry fire upon the guard of the trenches, and prevented the embrasures from being repaired in the daytime, even in so retired a position as that of the first parallel. Their fire had impeded the construction of the second parallel, besides causing great annoyance to the French advanced trenches, and at the representations of Col. Chapman, R.E., it Avas determined to drive the enemy from this position, to form a lodgment Avithin it, and to occupy it permanently by British troops.
This movement was most successfully executed on the night of the 20th November by a party of 200 riflemen under the command of Lieut. Tryon of the Rifle Brigade, assisted by a Avorking party of 100 men under the commands of Lieutenants Lennox and Philips, R.E. The assaulting column Avas judiciously divided by Lieut. Tryon into tAvo equal parties, one of which he left in the second parallel, under the command of Lieut. Cunningham, Avith instructions to advance as soon as firing commenced, and attack the Russians on their proper right flank, while his OAvn party Avould commence the attack, by advancing against the opposite or proper left flank of the pits Avith as little noise as possible, and endeavour to take the enemy by surprise. The Russian riflemen, however, Avere so Avell drilled in outpost duties, and kept so good a look-out, that, notAvithstanding the extremely dark night, they perceived the assaulting party before they had arrived Avithin 100 yards of the pits, and opened a heavy fire upon them. Without a moment’s hesitation,
* Capt. W. M. Inglis, R.E., one Serjeant, R.E., and tliree Sappers, wlio were on hoard this vessel at the time, perished with the crew. Yide Appendix No. 46 .
The enemy's rifle-pits on Green Hill.
Lieut. Tryon’s assault.

56
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Lieut. Try oil's detachment gallantly rushed forward, charged the enemy, and, after a short hut sharp skirmish, succeeded in gaining possession of the rifle pits.
The second detachment now advanced, fell upon the enemy’s opposite flank, and forced the Russians to retreat over the brow of the hill.
At this moment the working party moved to the front (having meanwhile remained under cover of the hill), and commenced the construction of the lodgment. By the following morning they had succeeded in obtaining slight hut sufficient cover to render the pits tenable during the daytime.
Several attempts were made during the night to retake this position, but all such attempts were invariably repulsed. Lieut. Tryon, the gallant leader of this party, was unfortunately killed in the first of these encounters with the enemy.
The great success of this enterprise, with a comparatively very trifling loss, led the Engineers to suggest* that a similar attempt should be made against
Suggestion to assault the quarries.
the “Quarries” on the Right attack, and against the enemy’s outposts on the Inkerman ridge. Neither of these propositions were, however, carried out, the British forces being considered too small to admit of their retaining positions so far in advance. The extent of trenches occupied even then was
deemed too great to be efficiently protected against powerful sorties similar
to those that were made against the French attacks; and it was thought
preferable that the British should confine their attention to the construction
of defensive and such other works as would be required to assist our allies in their attacks against the town.
Works required For this operation the Engineers were requested to attend to the following
ior me assauii •
of Sebastopol. pOlIiLS
1. To increase the 3-Gun or Picquet House Battery by seven more pieces
of ordnance:
2. To add or remove 10 additional guns to such parts of the English Left
attack as to admit of these guns bearing on the flank of the enemy’s Barrack Battery, which it was anticipated would act most powerfully on the course that the French troops had to take in storming the town :
3. To mount about 20 guns in the British redoubts and batteries on the
position above Inkerman, so as to strengthen this position, and prevent the possibility of its being turned by the enemy, while the allies were engaged in assaulting Sebastopol.
* Memoranda by Sir John Burgoyne, dated 22d November I8J4; memoranda by Major Tylden, R.E., dated 23d November.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
57
The allies ought to advance on the right.
Arrangements were accordingly made with the navy to supply these additional guns (37), with the ammunition and men for working. em, le fleet being the only source from whence these means could he obtaine .
But although the above propositions were complied with, the Uimsi Engineers suggested* *, that should the allies find the means of transpor o convey so large a number of guns on to the Inkerman position, it might be more advantageous to apply these guns against the Inkerman Lighthouse Battery, the shipping, and finally against the place, than to keep them solely for defensive purposes. They likewise thought that the large working parties then engaged in throwing up defensive works would he more profitably employed in constructing more advanced works on the Inkerman am Malakoff Tower ridges, as such a course would not only forward the siege, but at the same time give better security to the position of the allies.
At this period a general orderf was promulgated, authorizing the issue ot issue of Working pay to the troops employed as working parties in the trenches.
Lieut. Yacher, 33d Regiment, Lieut. Stevensj, 88th Regiment, and Mr. Nmv- some, joined the Right attack as Assistant Engineers.
working pay.
JOURNAL.—14th to 22d November.
Lkft Attack.
Right Attack.
Inkerman Attack.
Trench journal, 14th to 23 Nov.
The night of the 14tli Nov. was so tempestuous that no working parties were employed, and all the repairs requiring immediate attention were attended to by Sappers only. The rain fell almost continuously during this period of the siege, and injured the trenches seriously.
The parapets, washed away by the water, were in some places fully 18 inches below their original level, and working parties had continually to be employed in re-
The heavy and continuous falls of rain did great injury to the parapets and batteries, and necessitated the employment of the entire working party in draining the trenches. Cesspools were cut in rear wherever the rocky nature of the ground admitted of it, and this mode of draining was generally adopted, on account of the little trouble it gave to construct and keep in order ; but, where this was impracticable, covered drains were constructed through the
The works for the defence of this position were continued, but the rocky nature of the soil greatly retarde l their progress. Seldom could a greater depth of earth be found than from 4 to 8 inches, and the remainder had to he collected together in baskets and wheelbarrows, a most tedious operation, and one which required a great number of workmen. Another cause of delay was the late hour at which the covering party arrived on the ground,
* r • If iM.iMt-ul and nartlv too in Sir John Burgoyne’s letter dated
* In various memoranda ot this penoa, anupam.' ° j
20tli November, vide Appendix No. 33.
t Vide Appendix No. 30. ,
? This officer remained but a very short time as Assistant Engineer.

58
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
pairing them. Every attempt to extend the right of the 2d parallel, where the rocky ■wound rendered it difficult
O
to procure cover, was effectually checked by the enemy’s sharpshooters, and it was not until the rifle pits (n) which they occupied had been captured that the continuation of this parallel could he resumed.
On the night succeeding that of their capture, a second line of rifle pits was discovered about 800 yards, in front of the former, and the officer of Engineers*, finding them unoccupied, at once took possession, formed a lodgment (the 3d parallel) within them, and commenced to connect them with the left of the 2d parallel. The smallness of his party, however, prevented him from completing his communication.
* Lieut. Donnelly, ll.E.
Right Attack.
parapet, i.e., in the direction of the nattiral fall of the ground.
The left approach to the 3d parallel, which was not exposed to any direct fire, was drained by means of open drains cut obliquely through the parapet.
The loopholes in the advanced trenches had all to be renewed, the rain and damp having thoroughly rotted the sandbags with which they had been formed. Stones were collected for rebuilding the banquettes, which likewise had been much injured, and stops were cut to the rear of the trenches, to facilitate the exit and ingress of the troops.
The garrison in the meantime formed an abbatis in front of the Redan, and another one surrounding the Malakoff Tower. Their riflemen were likewise busily occupied in procuring better cover for themselves at the “ Quarries ” in front of the 3d parallel. Unfortunately, the Coehorn mortars in No. 7. battery were at this time restricted to three rounds per diem.
Inkerjian Attack.
and without their support it would have been injudicious to commence work so far in advance with an unarmed party.
The Turkish troops, likewise, were so debilitated from sickness and insufficiency of food, that they had become incapable of performing a great amount of work, and many of them left their work, and, favoured by the darkness of the night, they returned to camp at every opportunity.
Frequently not more than two thirds of the number of men could be found half an hour after they had reached the ground.
23d November to 30th November.
The weather, during this period of the siege, was in every respect most prejudicial to the health of the troops, and was the cause of much suffering and sickness.
The rain poured down in torrents for days together, almost without a moment’s intermission, converting the soil into mud so deep as to render the

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
59
roads almost impassable. Portions of the trenches were inundated, and many of the floors of the tents, which had been sunk below the surface of the ground for the sake of obtaining greater warmth and moie spa , frequently flooded. , « f n: nT1P(1
Constant exposure, heavy fatigue duties, and broken rest, rapn J the number of effective men*, and the strength of the working parties consequence greatly diminished. On the Right attack the ri is 10( T long ceased to assist in the construction of the siege woi *s, ant, wi exception of the nights of the 29th and 30th November, none but lurtn working parties were employed, and these only in very sma num e ^ s ’ exceeding 200 per diem, frequently only 50 ; and sometimes none a Improvements
Great alterations meanwhile were required at Balaklava. , . ,
wharfage, whereat to land the stores, as well as a hard dry road, by which to effect their removal to the front, were the two most essentia lequisi es or the coming winter campaign, and great exertions were made by eveij department to supply these deficiencies.
The wharves temporarily constructed by the Engineers on their arrival at >e * mr es. Balaklava had gradually been forced down to below the level of the water, by the huge piles of stores which had been left upon them, in defau t of other stowage room; and the roadway adjoining the basin, formerly but a few inches above the level of the sea, had been worn down by the heavy rams and constant traffic, and was now partially covered with the overflow of the water in the harbour. . . .
Since the 14th November a working party, consisting of lo lurks, occasionally assisted by 20 men of the Provisional Battalionf, was employed daily to repair the existing wharves, and to construct new ones, at such times when the densely crowded state of the confined beach admitted of their working. The force was small, and little could therefore be expected, but nevertheless they had succeeded in completing by the end of November a frontage of 75 feet of rubble wharves. Working parties had likewise been The roadway, employed on the communication to the front. Wide diains a een commenced on each side of the road; the heavy mud had been dug from off its surface, and stones were being collected for metalling it.
But the fine weather during which this commencement was made lasted only for a short time, and the rain set in so rapidly that, before the small working parties had time to effect any sensible improvement, the rich loamy
* The total number of sick in the British army on the 14th November was 8,366, and on the 30th November, 10,090. Vide Appendix No. 47. ,
t This battalion was composed of the convalescent men of different regiments who had been sent to Balaklava for the recovery of their health.
H 2

60
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
soil, completely saturated by the wet, became ploughed up into deep holes, and in the course of a few days the roadway was found impassable for waggons and carts. At this critical juncture, when large working parties were needed more than ever, their number had to be considerably diminished, as the failure of the transport necessitated the employment of manual labour, in order to convey to the front the requisite provisions for the maintenance of the troops encamped there.
The construction of the roadway* from the front to the harbour was not an easy operation, and when it is considered how very limited were the means at the disposal of the British, it must be admitted that they could not have done more than they did towards keeping it in repair.
* Some further remarks on this subject appear desirable.
When the allies first arrived before Sebastopol it was of great importance that the breaching batteries should be completed as soon as possible, for every day that the assault was postponed lessened the chances of success. The allies, therefore, devoted all their energies to forward solely whatever was necessary for the siege. The road of communication between the base of operation and the park, although not metalled, was hard and good, and needed therefore no repairs, excepting where it crossed the small stream at the head of the harbour of Balaklava. Hero the arch of the stone bridge which spanned the stream had given way, and this damage was at once thoroughly repaired. It was unnecessary, at that time, to do anything further, and it would even have been injudicious, as any such attempt must have delayed the siege. The existing roadway, moreover, answered every purpose during the early part of the siege, and it was not until after the battle of Inkerman, when it had been decided to winter in the Crimea, that a better communication became desirable. Instructions were then sent to Constantinople to purchase a number of hammers for breaking stones, &c., and on the 14th November the thorough repair of the road was commenced, in accordance with the orders which the Engineers then received on the subject.
But to appreciate the difficulties with which the allies had to contend it is necessary to understand what really was implied by the term “ the repair of the road to the front."
The distance from Balaklava to the camps by way of the Col de Balaklava was about nine miles, or, in other words, it was equal in extent to the road proceeding from Hammersmith Bridge on the Thames, through Brompton, Piccadilly, and the Strand, down Fleet Street, Clieapside, along Cornhill, the Commercial Road, and right away to the West India Docks. In extent equal to that the road from Balaklava was quite unformed, without a particle of metalling. The traffic, although less than in the City, was fully equal to that along Piccadilly ; and to form and macadamize such an extent of road the working parly consisted at first of 400 and subsequently of only 150 sickly Turks, some of them too weak even to dig, and none working more than four hours a day.
The road, moreover, passed through a rich alluvial soil, and no stones could be procured within a less distance than from half to one mile. To transport these by any other than manual labour was impossible, as the amount of transport was insufficient even to supply the troops with provisions.
With such means it evidently was impossible to effect any essential improvements in a short space of time.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 61
At this time the attention of the Engineers was devoted almost exclusively ^ ^ le siege, as it had been decided to storm Sehastopol as soon as the 1 euc h should have completed their new batteries and arrangements.
The general plan of attack was as follows:—A column of 14,000 men to < escend at early dawn by the Woronzoff Ravine, and continue its course until about midway between the Redan and Barrack Battery, leaving here
leserve of 4,000 men; the remainder were to climb up the almost inaccessible rocks on the right of the ravine, and, having reached the heights above, were to divide into two columns, that turning right and left should attack the Redan and Barrack Batteries in flank.
At the same time another column of 12,000 men, assembled during the night in the Picquet House Ravine, was to debouch from the rear of the rnquet House Battery. A reserve of 4,000 men was to be left there, and the remainder were to advance to the bead of the Dockyard Creek in two columns of 4,000 men each. One of them, turning to the right, was to cross l^c valley, wind round the base of the hill on which stood the Barrack jattery, and, under the protection of the ruined houses, ascend in rear of the proper right of this battery, and then unite itself with the force that from above was turning this battery on the opposite side. The second column of 4,000 men was to storm the barrier and battery across the head of the Dockyard Creek, and having waited for the capture of the Barrack Battery was to penetrate into the town, ascend the hill on the west side of the creek, and attack the left flank of the Garden Batteries. The principal attack was directed against the Flagstaff Bastion, and was to be effected by a force of 12,000 men, who were to debouch in several columns from the French trenches in front of that bastion, and be supported by a reserve of 6,000 men.
The part assigned to the British army was the first-named movement against the Redan and the Barrack Battery, and although subsidiary to the main attack against the Flagstaff Bastion, it was nevertheless an operation °f more than ordinary risk.
To effect the assault of two such powerfully armed works as the Redan and the Barrack Battery, after ascending so precipitous a bank as that of the Woronzoff Ravine, could not be regarded as an operation easy to accomplish, m ceitam of success. The Engineers even anticipated that, on closer inspection, the ascent would be found impracticable to any but small parties, and that the main attack against these works would still have to be made, at imminent risk, along the exposed ridge in front of Frenchman’s Hill.
The British advanced trenches were still 750 yards from the Redan, and m traversing so considerable a distance a great many casualties would necessarily occur, more especially as the Russians had lately brought to bear
Disposition of troops for the assault of the Flagstaff and. Redan.
Difficulties and objections.

62
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The assault of the Malakoff preferred. ,
But it requires greater means.
upon this ground a powerful flanking fire from the Garden and Barrack Batteries, and had placed guns along the line of trench that extended from the right of the Malakoff Bastion towards the Middle Ravine, so that they could from both flanks sweep the whole of the ridge along which the British troops would have to advance.
This undertaking against the Redan was hazardous, at the same time that the work attacked was of minor importance. The success of the attempt depended entirely upon the result of the attacks on the Flagstaff and Garden Batteries, while this success could hardly have been instrumental to the attainment of the main object. Even assuming the French attack to prove successful, it appeared doubtful even in that case whether the allies could retain possession of the Redan, as it was so completely commanded by the Malakoff Tower work. That work was indisputably the key of the whole position. Its capture was not in any way dependent on the success of other attacks, and it could have been held by the allies even though the assaults against the other places were repulsed.
These considerations led to the suggestion* that the English attack should he directed against the Malakoff Bastion, by which movement the English would materially assist in the capture of the place, and might perhaps even effect it unassisted, and that they should abandon the assault of the equally heavily armed Redan, which could be of no further use than to withdraw the enemy’s attention from the assault of the Flagstaff Bastion.
This attack of the Malakoff position certainly demanded many modifications in the pre-arranged plans, but the reasons for preferring it were too obvious to be overlooked. Although it necessitated a more complete occupation of the Inkerman ridge, still as it had been ascertained that this ridge was very imperfectly held by the enemy, there were evident symptoms of his being prepared to yield to a pressure on that side, and that he was not about to offer any formidable opposition; while further, the configuration of the ground was such that the allies by obtaining full possession of that ridge would not only force the garrison to- abandon the whole of the Careening Creek Ravine, and every part of the ground in front of the Malakoff, but they would at the same time strengthen their position, complete the entire investment of the south side of Sebastopol, and obtain such a command over the harbour as to drive the enemy’s ships within very narrow limits, or most probably injure them very seriously.
The additional means that would be required for this operation appeared to be the only impediment to its adoption.
* Vide Appendix No. 34.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
63
Up to this period the allied forces had confined themselves to attacking the fronts to the right and left of the Dockyard Creek, and in this opeia-ion each force had undertaken an equal share, the Fienc fating t against the Flagstaff Bastion; the English that against the Bet an a Barrack Battery. The proposed attack against the Malakoff, mvo vmg great extension of ground, was therefore a clear addition to the plan originally determined on, and, as the British army, which had already supplied large means for the protection of the Inkerman ridge, and for tie cons iuc tion of defensive works, was too reduced in numbers and too ovei-ciaigec with duties to undertake, unassisted, the further duties requite 01 ie Malakoff Bastion operation, it was suggested* that the co-opciat.on o ou allies should he requested, in the following particularthat while the English (who had a large force of disposable seamen and a gieat P 10 F^ 10 ^ 1 of heavy guns) continued to man and maintain the batteries of t ie nisi Left attack, French troops should supply the guards of the trenches foi t ie defence of that attack. Such a course would have the effect of placing the British 3d Division at the disposal of the attack on the Right, and admit of the immediate prosecution of that operation.
This arrangement, however, was considered impracticable, and accordingly the original plan of attack against the Redan was adhered to.
JOURNAL._23d November to 30th November.
Left Attack.
Five additional boyaux of communication (Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) were commenced, to complete the connexion of the 3d with the 2d parallel. The former could now be reached with safety during the daytime, an operation which had hitherto been attended with so much danger that the riflemen who occupied the advance could never be relieved until dusk. In attempting to proceed to the 3d parallel (prior to the completion of these boyaux), for the purpose
Right Attack.
The trenches were frequently inundated by the heavy rains. Additional covered drains had to be cut through the parapets, new cesspits sunk in rear, and the old ones emptied as often as needed.
The minor repairs to the batteries were executed entirely by the Sappers, as the Turkish working parties had become quite incapacitated for undergoing heavy fatigues. On several occasions the entire party returned to camp with-
Inkervian Attack.
The barbette in Redoubt No. 1. had now assumed an appearance of some solidity, and the terrepleine of the interior had become sufficiently firm to admit of the redoubt being armed. To obtain the necessary earth for the traverses and parapets a party was employed to level a small knoll which hid from view part of the ground to the north of the redoubt. The miners continued to “ blast ” the rock in the ditch, and with the stones thus collected they
Proposition to transfer the Left attack to the French.
Trench journal, 23d to 30th Nov. *
* Vide Appendix No. 35.

64
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Engineer preparations for the attack of the Flagstaff and liedan.
Right Attack.
of pointing out to tlie relieving officer the work to be executed, Lieut. Martfn, R.E.* was dangerously wounded. The heavy and incessant falls of rain retarded considerably the progress of the work. The repairs to the existing drains, the construction of new ones, and the removal of the mud from the trenches and platforms, engaged almost exclusively the attention of the workmen.
At the Picquet House Battery the embrasures were lowered to see into “ the Cemetery,” which the Russian riflemen were busily engaged in converting into a defensible post.
* Vide Appendix No. 46.
Left Attack.
out having done an hour’s work. English working parties had in consequence to be re- employed, and with their assistance the 3d parallel was extended a short distance to the right ; the ground, however, being rocky and very difficult to excavate, cover could not be obtained until the second night’s work.
Inkerman Attack.
formed the banquettes, and revetted the interior slopes of the parapets.
The powder magazine of No. 1. Redoubt was commenced, but was much retarded by the rocky nature of the ground.
December 1st to December 14tli.
On the 2d December, the 7th Company of Sappers, mustering three officers and 86 men, disembarked at Balaklava from Gallipoli. Their arrival, together with that of a large supply of sandbags and about 400 gabions, was an invaluable addition to the now greatly reduced means of the Engineers*,
* Throughout the siege the Engineers had to carry on their duties under the greatest difficulties, and generally without obtaining that support which was essential to the success of their operations. Irrespective of the inclemency of the weather, and the inaptitude of the rocky soil for the construction of siege works, which, by themselves, created difficulties greater than are commonly met with, the Engineers were in some measure required to compensate for the absence of proper working parties of the Line by increased exertions on their own part.
How great were the difficulties which they had to combat will be best gathered from the circumstance, that' although skilled labour was in great and daily demand to construct wharves, hospitals, store-houses at Balaklava, the road to the front, and to hut the troops and horses, as well as to continue the siege and the defensive works, yet the total effective force of Engineers, including batmen and servants, did not amount to more than 372 men ; seven of their officers had been invalided to Scutari from sickness brought on by exposure and overwork ; their transport, so essential to the efficiency of this branch of the service, had disappeared entirely, and they were

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
65
new ena ^ e< ^ ^ lem t° progress with the works which were required for the to ' aimamen t °f the attacks in connexion with the plan of assault alluded ni page 61. This armament was to he composed of 96 pieces of ordnance, to j US1VC the 16 guns and 2 13-inch mortars which it had keen proposed British exclusivel y t°r the defence of the Inkerman position; and as the th S . 1 . a tt a ck was to he directed as much as possible to the proper right of the S£ ]th° Redan, so as to avoid the fire from the Malakoff Tower, all 1 (itional artillery 'were appropriated to reduce such only of the enemy’s and , vorks as , m . e on
for tl at exer t' ons were made in the parks to prepare the material required the 1GS0 a ^ era tions. All the timber which had been collected at Balaklava, 14th 1 ^ nnan ^ ^ Ie ma gnificent vessels destroyed by the storm on the
ovember, was cut up into platforms and splinter proofs; and the fo - a number of platforms ordered from Malta was anxiously looked as no ^ CSS than 47 new ones were required to complete the batteries. f | e j. e Russians in the meantime worked with redoubled energy at their g j, ences ’ they had increased the number of their batteries, and the con- j.j ie aa e reinforcements which they had of late been receiving enabled harass our troops with frequent small sorties. leir picquets had advanced, and securely posted themselves behind rifle - Well nS> SOme distance in front of the Mamelon, and from that position, as in tl ^ ^ IOni som e caves in the Middle Ravine, they disturbed our workmen ~ 1e ^ight attack, and even obliged us to mask some of the embrasures o e2 /' G " n Battery.
Mer^ad^ 6 °i' tbe 29th November small detachments of four and five
as soon anC6( * U P fhc Middle Ravine, to reconnoitre our position, but retired °f some^ Avere discovered. On the morning of the 2d December a body attack C poshed forward towards the advanced trench of the Left
ondisco avoui 'ed by the darkness, the Russians contrived to approach, attacked 61 ] 61 ^ a few yards of our position, and then suddenly
t°r the 1 16 COVcnn g party, which was at the time retiring from the trench picquet ^ Ul P° Se °P being relieved. Benumbed by the wet and cold, the ° u d ,n akc but little resistance, and were forced to leave the trench
---^ , were forced i» consequence
‘als for a siege> au 1 '
altogether unprovided with the commonest mateua *> ^ becn left at
frequently to employ stones for the revetments of ^ ana ^ ^g
Towards the end of December some of ' °.,nimals were emp 7 made avail-
“ „n,t couM «*.*«"*"* '* '
|~* i ^ ^ v ft* ^ J
provisions to the front, and upon other ta o able for Engineer services.
Annoyance from Kussian sorties.
r

66
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Vide Plan No. 6.
The field electric telegraph.
Trench journal, 1st to 14th Dec.
in possession of the enemy, until they could receive the support of the advancing relief. These, however, immediately dashed forwards, retook the trench, and soon after forced the enemy to retreat. Notwithstanding these repulses, the enemy continued to send out small detachments, sometimes composed of no more than half a dozen men, who used to creep up to our trenches during the night, fire some shots, and then retire. This system of annoyance, although it caused few casualties, was a source of great inconvenience. The troops were kept continually on the alert, and it forced us to discontinue temporarily the construction of advanced works, which could not he resumed until the picquets felt assured that the feint would not be followed by a sortie in force. On the,night of the 11th December two such sorties were made; the one against the French, in which the Russians were partially successful, and carried off three small mortars ; the other against the English, in which they endeavoured, by advancing quietly up the Woronzoff Ravine, to take both the Left and Right attack in flank. This movement was, however, counteracted by a picquet having that night been posted* in the Woronzoff Ravine, considerably in advance of its usual position, and in rear of a newly constructed trench (k.) This picquet, keeping a strict look-out, received the enemy with so brisk a fire as to check their further advance, and the Russians at once retreated, sweeping round by the 3d parallel, where a sharp fire was maintained for some time.
During the early part of this month two Sappers arrived from England with a field electric telegraph, which was forthwith set in operation, under the direction of Lieut. Stopford, R.E. A communication was shortly after established between the attacks and the head quarters of the Commander-in- Chief and the various divisions of the British army.
The weather during the latter part of this period was clear and fine.
JOURNAL.—1st December to 14th December.
Left Attack.
The alterations and improvements necessitated oy the proposed re-armament of the batteries were rapidly proceeded with. All the embrasures and platforms were repaired,
Right Attack.
Three large caves suitable for magazines were found along the line of rocks bordering the Woronzoff Ravine, within a short distance of the 21-Gun Battery, in a dry and
Inkermax Attack.
To expedite the construction of these works, British troops were again employed daily from 9 A.sr. until 4 f.ji- About 80 men under the command of an officer were
* At the recommendation of the officer of Royal Engineers on duty in the Left attack.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
67
Right Attack. and “ emplacements” ^ additional pieces of ordnan were commenced. Betwc* Nos. 2 and 3 a new batte: was begun for two 13-im mortars ; and in No. 6 bn tery the terrepleine was e: tended so as to include platform for an addition 13-incli mortar. Much bias ing was required to level tl ground for the latter.
The 2d parallel was c tended right and left to tl ravines on either side, so to obtain a more extensr “ place d’armes ” for the a saulting columns, and a snu trench (k) was cut across t. Woronzoff Ravine to facilita tho communication betwe the Right and Left attacl This trench proved of gre use in repelling the sortie the night of the 11th L cember.
Yery little was done to t advanced trenches besic adding some additional loc holes, as the small number workmen rendered it diffici to place even tho .existi batteries in proper order. ( the night of the 4th, howev> an attempt was made to cc struct a small rifle trench ( on the left front of the parallel, so as to enable c sharpshooters to fire up the enemy’s riflemen in t “ Cemetery,” but the numl of workmen was so small tl after several hours’ labc they failed to procure ev partial cover, and the Rn obi f
Left Attack.
elevated position, and perfectly hid from the enemy’s view. Advantage was at once taken of this circumstance to convert them into reserve magazines for powder and small-arm ammunition ; and to guard against accidents the entrances to the caves were covered by substantial traverses formed of sandbags and stones, and a covered communication (« k), cut in steps along the steeper parts, was constructed up the slope of the hill to the 21-Gun Battery.
The drainage of the trenches and batteries was daily attended to.
The 3d parallel was widened sufficiently to enable infantry to march along it in double file, and the cover throughout was much improved, more particularly towards the right, where the rocky ground had to be loosened by “ blasts,” and quarried out with sledges and crowbars. This operation was peformed entirely by Sappers.
At night working parties were frequently employed in front of the trench, to scrape up earth for strengthening the parapets.
A communication was constructed to a small well (l) in front of the 3d parallel, from which well the guards of the trenches obtained their main supply of water.
The enemy, most probably under the impression that this
Inkerman Attack.
furnished daily, and they were assisted by the covering parties on duty, who furnished from 100 to 120 men in two reliefs.
No night work of any kind was performed after the 5th December. As the Turkish troops had suffered greatly from want of food and disease, and could not undergo much fatigue, they were employed chiefly to construct fascines with the brushwood of the Inkerman ridge, to collect stones for revetting purposes, or upon other duties of a light nature, but they never made much progress ; they generally arrived late, sometimes not until noon, and in numbers far less than those demanded; and the majority of them generally left the work soon after tlieir arrival, or not unfrequently had to be carried home on account of sickness.
The rocky nature of the soil, and the scarcity of revetting materials, necessitated the daily employment of working parties of from 80 to 100 men in gathering up earth from the neighbourhood, and in collecting stones for the interior revetment.
To afford greater security against surprise, a trench (the 1st parallel) was constructed, conjointly by the French and English, across the brow of the Inkerman ridge. It was traced clear of the Inkerman Lighthouse, and made purposely of a low profile to

68
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
The new line of communication to the plateau.
Right Attack.
subsequently opening on the working party a heavy musketry obliged them to be withdrawn.
During this period the enemy seldom fired more than three or four rounds a day, but these with such precision as generally to do mischief.
Left Attack.
was the commencement of a series of more advanced works, no sooner became aware of its construction than they fired salvos of grape and shell at the working party. Fortunately, secure cover had by j that time been obtained, and j no casualties occurred.
As the enemy’s occupation of the Mamelon rendered it advisable to secure the right flank more perfectly against surprise, approaches _ were commenced to connect the right extremities of the 1st and 3d parallels ; but the in- j adequate strength of the I working parties during this i period of the siege completely j checked all progress. Fro- ! quent demands were made for j a further number of men, but the British army was too weak to furnish them, and the Turkish soldiers, from sickness, famine, and disease, were so reduced that almost daily many of them had to be carried to hospital.
IxKKiiMAx Attack.
enable the troops to charge over it in line. The ground was found to be very rocky, and required much “blasting.” The interior revetment was formed of stones built up into a low wall.
On the afternoon of the 10th December, while recou- noitering the Inkerman valley, Captain Gibb discovered in one of the ravines a large quantity of Russian miners’ tools, which he succeeded in conveying to the park. Although heavy, and of clumsy construction, they proved of great use.
December 15th to December 22d.
The clear and dry weather of the previous week, which had enabled the allies to convey a quantity of stores and provisions to the front, was followed by heavy rains, and storms of hail and sleet, which injured to a great extent the communication from Balaklava to the camp. The original road, or rather track, was too deeply cut up to be any longer practicable, and many drivers sought a better line, by deviating to the right and left of it. But the traffic was so great, and the clay everywhere so deep and stiff, that these new lines soon got ploughed up into holes and furrows, into which the vehicles sunk up to their axletrees in mud, and not unfrequently got buried too firmly to be speedily extricated. The old track, through the plain of

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
69
^ a aklava, was therefore abandoned, and a new line of communication to , > 8hed ky way °f the cavalry camp to the south of Kadikoi; it passed ^ ie right of the village of Karani, and kept as far as possible on the high it 0l fV^' 6ne was about 11 miles longer, and more undulating, hut
was i° 1( ed an ea sier means of communication, as the ground it traversed j. Iart and rocky. Nevertheless, it required from 30 to 40 horses to ansport each of the heavy siege guns, and only in comparatively favourable in 161 C0W ^ the whole journey from Balaklava to the front be performed he c ° ne da ~ T 'flu; draft transport of the Engineers had for some time past I 0me unserviceable, and their materials had therefore to he transported y working parties of infantry or Turks, whenever such could be obtained.
fhiri
i difficulty of maintaining the batteries m
an tins period of the siege t J orki ng parties were extremely
an efficient state was very gieat. Turkish troops, from whom,
small*, and were composed almost on ne y o could ever he
■» has already Wen shown, lmt a very small amount of wo,k
^Thejn-elaninary operations for laying a —d and
Sebastopol were nol commenced ^ arrive in
naterials and a corps of navviesj y meantime the Engineers
«>e early p art of aj mon tU of January, and m ^ “eant.me
horded Mr. Campbell every ^ ^ reinforced from
The garrison of Sebastopol had T chernaya, and this circumstance,
* e ° f observ ation stationed a lcd the alUes to anti-
npled with the statements receive These
^l>ate another attack in force, both
luniouvs w ere not altogether unfounded, tor on ie nig " . although
** remade a determined attack up on ^ ^ ord er ^o
not with forces so large as had been anticipated lheRl , moveraents mislead the allies as to the real point of attack, co\ei ^ & j ie
directed against the extreme left of the Lett attack, ^ 0 f this ruse
cannonade upon the right of the British position, and being
y succeeded in approaching close to 1
perceived. , , , .
The small force guarding this trench was at once o %an'poweicc , mK iai retreat, closely followed by the Russians, who succeeded in penetiat g
o ^
L°l. II, |,_ ^ le contrary, employed from 3,000 to 4,000 men daily (vide Bazancourt,
c life remii-l-^
011 * *e a rmy works in Appendix No. 38.
Sortie of the 20th Dec.

70
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
On the construction of more advanced rifle-pits.
far as the 2d parallel; but here they were met by the picquets of the 50th and 38th Regiments, who advanced to the charge, attacked them both in front and flank, and forced them to retreat down the same ravine up which they had come. Conjointly with this movement on the left another Russian column assaulted the trenches on the Right attack, and succeeded in forcing an entrance into and obtaining temporary possession of the 3d parallel. But here, likewise, they were eventually repulsed.
The temporary success, however, which the enemy obtained in this sortie caused the allies great anxiety concerning the safety of their heavily armed batteries. These batteries were so short a distance in rear of the most advanced trench that had the enemy employed large forces, and followed up the momentary advantages which he had gained, he would most probably have succeeded in penetrating to the 1st parallel, and in spiking the guns, before the small body of troops* that guarded them could have been reinforced. This rendered it of the greatest importance to obtain more secure protection for these batteries against surprise, and as the British army could not afford to send larger picquets to the trenches, the Engineers suggested that this protection might to some extent be obtained by constructing a number of small detached rifle lodgments, well in advance, in the manner practised by the Russians. The sentries being thus securely placed, some distance in front of the parallel, could give warning of the enemy’s approach, and prepare the guard of the trenches to receive him. This expedient, although insufficient, was the best substitute that could be devised. On the Inkerman ridge these advanced lodgments appeared particularly desirable, for there they would be so powerfully protected by the harbour on the right, the Careening Bay in front, and the extremely precipitous Careening Creek Ravine on the left, as materially to assist in checking any attempt against the right flank of the allies, and would at the same time have the effect of strengthening the Inkerman position both offensively and defensively.
But there were other and more important reasons for advocating the adoption of this expedient.
The enemy was now collecting a large force on the west side of the Careening Creek Ravine, evidently with the intention of outflanking oiff batteries on the right, and it might confidently be expected that if the allies neglected to advance energetically on the Inkerman ridge they would not only lose all the ground and advantages which they had gained by the battle
* The guard of the trenches for the defence of the entire Right attack did not exceed at thi 3 period 600 men. In consequence of this sortie a second field officer was added to each attack, t° take charge of the advanced works.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
71
0 nkerinan, but they would also find their movements anticipated by the enemy s taking possession of the ground, and constructing on it works to (1S P u ^ e its occupation.*
he large reinforcements which had lately entered Sebastopol, and the ^creased power of resistance which was in consequence to be expected om the garrison, rendered it necessary, likewise, that the attacks upon the , t ^nnld be more powerful and more extended. An advance towards the Wer front ” was in every respect most desirable, even should this move- for 1 * iaV<i 110 °ti ier effect than that of threatening the Malakoff position, le a( ioption of such a course would keep the enemy in apprehension as e r eal point of attack, and prevent his concentrating upon the Redan and over aC < Batter - V the whole of the forces and guns which were now dispersed V6 ^ ^ le Malakoff front. This new movement certainly demanded a further Was )0nertlen t of the assault, but this delay, serious as it was to contemplate, ant' P 1 Arable to incurring the more dreadful consequences which it was fitted would result in an attempt to storm the Redan without the support were SlrnU ^ ane ° LlS a ^ ac ^ on the Malakoff. The more closely the positions Rel lec ° nn °itered the more desperate appeared the undertaking against the an ’ ar, d the more favourable that against the Malakoff. The ground the ii. °^the 1 jitter afforded easy and speedy means of approaching it, and onl ' i 1<3S Cou ^h, by crowning the “ Mamelon ”f, which was at present occupied withii'^ a t ^ n ^ ne °f Itiissian tirailleursj, obtain a most powerful position m 600 yards of the Tower, while the ravines on either side would afford b ut a Pproach for nearly the entire distance ; and as the enemy retained Won id V ^ kohl of the Inkerman ridge it was anticipated that the allies , e a klc to advance along it for a distance of more than 1,000 yards
Thes ln ° B ' stat ^ on -
object of C ? ns ^ era ^ ons led Sir John Burgoyne to suggest §, that as the main Sebasto 1 ° a ^^ es ' enterprise was not so much the capture of the town of the oper^f- &S destruction of its docks, its arsenal, and the Russian fleet, eastern 13 ' ] 10nS Ble a Hles should be directed more particularly against its meats and 6 * sa le contained the two great naval and military establish-
°nce in possession of the allies would give them so complete
* Such Kamchatka
Scb:
astopol
eventually the case, and these works (the Yolhynian, the Sellenghinsk and the a Redoubts,) had first to be stormed before the allies could make any advance on
I The fiem' Kos. 39. and 40. for the project of attacking the “Mamelon.”
drawn after &ans which formerly supported the movements of these riflemen had been witli-
§ Vide il he ^ attleof German de Appendix Nos. 36. and 37.
Advantages of attacking the Malakoff front.

The Miilukcft' attack is objected to.
Trench journal, 15tli to 22d Dec.
72 JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
a command of the head of the harbour that it would be impossible for the enemy to preserve his ships, and he would either have to destroy them or risk a naval engagement with the allied fleet in his attempt to leave the harbour. Sir John Burgoyne, therefore, suggested the propriety of commencing without farther delay the attack against the Malakoff front, and recommended that the defensive works at Inkerman should at once he discontinued, in order to obtain Avorkmen for the construction of’more advanced trenches and batteries on the right.
But this modification in the original plan of attack Avas not favourably regarded hv our allies. Their batteries Avere now in readiness to open fire, and their approaches Avere so close to the Flagstaff Bastion that they considered it a loss of time to delay the assault, and to commence at this advanced stage of the proceedings a neAV attack, the execution of Avhich, from the precarious state of the roads, arid the difficulty of transporting the “ materiel,” would he laborious, and consume time in the preparations.
They therefore thought it preferable to adhere to the attack against the tOAvn, and to confine the operations on the right to defensive measures.
For the present no further steps Avere taken, Avith the exception of the construction of a more advanced trench (2d parallel) on the Inkerman ridge. This trench, although but lightly held during the daytime, and even abandoned at night, Avas never molested by the enemy.
JOURNAL.—15th December to 22d December.
Left Attack.
A small magazine was added to No. o. battery, and another and larger one constructed in rear of No. 1. battery.
The new mortar battery No. 2. was sufficiently advanced to admit of its being armed ; and on the left of the 2d parallel a new gun battery No. 9. was commenced, to bear on the Flagstaff and Garden Batteries.
Constant attention had to be paid to the drainage of the trenches, and several additional culverts and open drains had to be made in
Eight Attack.
The rain fell so continuously and heavily that the trenches could not be kept dry or free from mud ; and the batteries, usually in a better condition than any part of the camp, were inundated, on several occasions, to a depth of some inches.
On the loth the water completely surrounded the Sailors’ Magazine in No. 1. battery, and accumulated so rapidly that fears were entertained for its safety. A large working party furnished with buckets had to bail out the water from the trench, and a
Lvkermax Attack.
Fair cover having been obtained in the 1st parallel, the Engineers at once commenced the construction of the 2d parallel ( m ) on a commanding ridge, about 400 yards in front. Ground was broken on the night of the 19th December, and, notwithstanding the rocky soil, fair cover was obtained that night; but unfortunately the non-arrival of the working party on the following morning, and the tempestuous weather of the three succeeding days, delayed for some time the completion of this parallel.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
73
ho
Lkft Attack.
»oyaux Nos. 1, 3, and 5, avid iiv tlie 2d parallel.
I a consequence of tlic reports that the enemy was about to make a sortie i' 1 force on St. Nicholas Day (18tli December'), the great national festival of Russia, directions were issued to the advanced posts and sentries to exercise even more than the accustomed vigilance and alertness. The trenches barring the passage across the Woronzoflf and Piequet House ravines were strengthened, and the cover in the 3d parallel was much improved, as well as the banquettes and loopholes.
Right Attack.
drain had to be cut through the parapet, at some risk, as the enemy directed upon it a sharp musketry fire.
A deep drain was cut through the rock in rear of No. 2. battery, to carry off the surface water from the slightly elevated knoll in its rear, and several additional open drains were made through the parapet of the Left approach.
These duties engaged the working parties almost exclusively, and but very few men could assist in re-forming the loopholes and banquettes in the 3d parallel, or in improving the cover on the extreme right.
Inkekman Attack.
On the night bf the 19tlv a battery for 4 13-iuch mortars was commenced on the right of the first parallel. It was destined to aid in silencing the works round the Inker- man Lighthouse Redoubt.
To the right of these mortars, another battery (St. Laurent’s*) was constructed by the French for 11 guns, five to fire against the batteries round the Inkerman Lighthouse, four against the shipping at the head of the harbour, and two to command the causeway across the marsh.
The armament was undertaken by the English, who succeeded in laying two of the platforms, and in completing the thorough drainage of the terrepleine by the morning of the 23d December.
On the afternoon of the 23d a detachment of Sappers was sent down to the Inker- man valley, for the purpose of unroofing the Russian houses which had been abandoned by the enemy. These houses contained many serviceable tie beams, rafters, and planks, well suited as materials for platforms and magazines.
* This battery was so called after a distinguished officer of French Engineers. He subsequently fell whilst directing the siege operations against the Mamelon, deeply regretted by his own as well as the British officers with whom he had been associated.
K

Arrival of
Engineer
reinforcements
Improvements
at Balaklava.
74 JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
23d December to 31st December.
On the 20th December the 2d Company of Royal Engineers disembarked at Balaklava, mustering 110 non-commissioned officers and men and four officers, viz.,
Captain F. W. King (died of wounds received on 17th April), Lieutenant Crofton (died of wounds received 12th April),
Lieutenant Grain (invalided home), and
Lieutenant Lowry (killed 7th June at the assault of the Quarries).
This company joined the siege on the 23d December. About the same time a supply of gabions and other siege material arrived from Varna and Malta.
Detachments of the Highland Brigade, which at this period guarded the lines of Balaklava, were occasionally employed to construct fascines with the brushwood which they procured, by means of armed working parties, from the hills in front of their position.
These working parties were necessarily small, as 1,200 to 1,500 men had to he detailed daily from the force stationed at Balaklava to transport provisions and ammunition to the front.
Meanwhile great improvements had been effected at Balaklava, under the direction of Major Hall*, a retired officer of the Madras Artillery. Hitherto the eastern side only of Balaklava Harbour had been available for the disembarkation of stores, owing to the absence of landing places on the opposite side. In fact the cliffs on the western side descended so precipitously to the water’s edge that the construction of a wharf was a matter of some difficulty. The naval force, however, with great skill, had succeeded in building one of considerable size, which was at once appropriated for the disembarkation of the siege materiel, and a road was constructed over the marshy ground at the head of the harbour, so as to form a connected communication with Balaklava and the road to the front. By this means a considerable portion of the traffic was withdrawn from the densely crowded streets of the town, and the repair of the roads and wharves on that side of the harbour could be continued without interruption to the traffic.
Some progress had likewise been made with the cavalry and commissariat stabling, and by means of spars and old sails a large tent had been erected,
* Major Hall was appointed Assistant Engineer on the 7th December, and had charge of the construction of the wharves, roads, and the hutting of the cavalry and artillery horses.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 75
affording temporary shelter to the depot of sick artillery horses in the vicinity of Balaklava.
The wooden huts which had been sent to the Crimea from England and Trieste were now arriving in great quantities. Some of the former had been disembarked, under the direction of Capt. the Hon. H. F. Keane, R.E., but, unfortunately, from the small number of Sappers (two) that had been sent with them from England, it became necessary to instruct artificers from the regiments of the Line in the method of putting them together, and some time elapsed before these men obtained sufficient practice to undertake this duty by themselves.
During this period of the siege the Russians gradually withdrew from the valley of the Tchernaya, most probably owing to the difficulty of provisioning their troops at so great a distance from Sebastopol. They abandoned the position of the old Turkish redoubts, burnt the huts which their troops had constructed along the banks of the Tchernaya, and, with the exception of a small advanced post of half a dozen Cossacks, to observe our movements, they no longer kept any force opposed to us in front of Balaklava. Their troops were called in to reinforce the garrison, and they commenced to construct defensive works on the heights near the Inkerman Lighthouse, and to furnish stronger picquets for the protection of their position on the Inkerman ridge. Their sharpshooters, covering themselves as usual by means of hastily constructed rifle-screens, gradually advanced to a knoll in front of the 2d parallel, and annoyed our troops considerably.
On the morning of the 24th some sentries even ventured to penetrate as far as this parallel (which was not occupied at night, from the smallness of the British force disposable for this attack), hut they retired on the arrival °f our picquet.
The Russians had likewise established a battery on the extreme left of their position, to the east of the Inkerman ruins, for the purpose of enfilading °ur foremost trenches on the Inkerman ridge, and on the morning of the 23d they opened a heavy fire upon these works. This cannonade was continued on several successive mornings, generally at the time that the working Parties entered the trenches.
Occasionally the enemy directed a heavy fire against the other attacks of the British side, particularly at night, in order to harass our troops with c °nstant watching. But these cannonades seldom caused any casualties, Neither did they seriously injure our works.
The Russians retire from the Tchernaya, and strengthen their outposts on the Inkerman ridge.

76
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Trench journal, 23d to 31st Bee.
State of the French siege works.
JOURNAL.—23d December to 31st December.
Left Attack.
The emplacement for a new gun battery (No. 9.) was commenced on the left of the 2d parallel. Here, as elsewhere, the ground was rocky, and the greater part of the earth had to be carried up from a considerable distance in baskets and sandbags.
The mortar battery (No. 2.) was far advanced towards completion. The drainage of the whole of the trenches was carefully attended to, and we repaired many damages which had been done to the parapets by the troops breaking up the fascines and gabions of the revetments for firewood. It was the only resource they had of procuring wood for cooking their meals in the trenches.
Right Attack.
The working parties were almost exclusively employed in clearing the trenches of snow and mud. The batteries required daily from 40 to 60 men, whilst the 3d parallel and its communications could seldom be maintained in a state passable for troops without the constant employment of at least 50 men.
The parapets of the batteries injured by the wet and frost had to be taken down in parts, and rebuilt.
The rocky nature of the soil in the advanced trenches
Ixkekmax Attack.
The defensive works in this attack were continued, and a detachment of Turks was employed daily in cutting brushwood for fascines, and in macadamizing a roadway to the batteries for the transport of the siege guns.
During the night, working parties were employed to bring up from the lukerman valley the timber from the Russian houses which had been unroofed by the Sappers.
necessitated “ blasting ” to a great extent.
The working parties were very small, and the Turkish troops were of little use.
In the daytime they were chiefly employed to bring up fascines, planks, &c. from the park; but, as soon as darkness set in, it was impossible to prevent their stealing homewards.
1st to 12th January 1855.
The French army had received considerable reinforcements, and mustered now about 67,000* men. Their arrangements likewise were so far advanced that they expected shortly to be in readiness to assault the place. All their batteries, from Nos. 1 to 25, were completed, and were being armed; their trenches had approached to within 180 yards of the Flagtaff Bastionf, and
* “ L’Expedition de Crimee,” published'officially by M. de Bazancourt, Vol. II. p. 149.; likewise General Caurobert’s despatch.
t General Niel’s Journal of the Siege of Sebastopol.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 77
they looked for the co-operation of the British in the approaching assault of Sebastopol.
The insufficient number of workmen on the British side had, however, retarded the construction of the defensive as well as of the offensive works, and the engineering operations were now perfectly paralysed for want of “ materiel ” and transport.
The timber obtained from the ruined houses in the Inkennan Valley had furnished but a very limited supply of platforms and magazines, and was quite inadequate for the requirements of the greatly increased armament of the attacks, added to which, the entire absence of draft transport* ** of every description prevented use being made of the 13-incli mortar platform timber which had arrived at Balaklava in great quantity. The planks were found too heavy to be removed by hand labour for so great a distance, and, as the Engineers did not possess any other means of transport, it became necessary to leave at Balaklava the timber, together with many other equally necessary stores, until assistance could be obtained from the Artillery and the French for its removal.
The progress of the works of attack was much retarded likewise by the inclement and changeable weather, and it required all the means at the disposal of the Engineers to drain and keep the trenches in repair.
Sickness among the troops was greatly on the increasef, and cases of fever and partial frost bites frequently occurred. The condition of the Engineers at this time was ameliorated in a great measure by the appointment of a quartermaster;!;, to superintend their transport, the issue of stores, provisions, &c.
The Russians during the first few days of this period had almost ceased to improve their works of defence, but on the Otli January they recommenced, and worked with great vigour, especially at the works on the Malakoff front. Their sorties against the French trenches were as frequent as heretofore, and they kept the troops of our allies continually on the alert. The English trenches were left undisturbed, excepting on the night of the 12th January,
* Vide Appendix No. 52. f Vide Appendix No. 47.
} Lieutenant Leahy, R.E., was appointed, quartermaster to the Sapper force on the 9th January, and subsequently deputy assistant quartermaster-general, in which latter capacity ho was enabled to effect great improvements in the transport and stores of the Engineers. The want of a proper staff of Engineers had hitherto proved a most serious difficulty, and
**11 Engineer staff duties, which are always very numerous, especially in a siege, had either to ho left undone, or had to be executed, under great disadvantages, by regimental officers on their Return from trench duties, wearied and exhausted. For a description of the duties performed hy Lieut. Leahy, vide Appendix No. 52.
The British siege works greatly retarded.
Appointment of a quartermaster.
Sortie of the 12th Jan.

Trenchjournal, 1st to 12tli ■Tan.
78 JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPQL.
(the New Year’s Day of the old style), when they made a determined sortie against the left of the Left attack, conjointly with an attack against the right of the French trenches. Their advance was covered by a very heavy cannonade from the whole of their batteries, and by these means they succeeded in surprising an advanced picquet of 1 serjeant and 12 men, and made them prisoners," without firing a shot. They then penetrated into the further extremity of the 3d parallel, from which, however, they were immediately repulsed.
Captain Wolseley, 90th Regiment, joined the Right attack as Assistant Engineer, in the beginning of January.
Captain Biddulph, R.A., left the Engineer Department on the 18th January.
JOURNAL.—1st January to 12tli Januaiy.
Left Attack.
Many improvements were effected in the batteries, and great attention was paid to the drainage of the trenches, but more especially to that of the magazines, the interior of which it was difficult to keep dry, in consequence of the heavy and continuous falls of rain and snow, which alternately succeeded each other at this period of the siege.
Several attempts were mado to continue the construction of the advanced battery No. 9, but the had weather and the great scarcity of men necessitated its postponement.
The Russian riflemen in front of the Redan had by this time obtained the range of the 3d parallel of this attack with great accuracy, and considerably annoyed our workmen and sharpshooters.
It was found necessary, in consequence, to defilade by traverses the interior of this trench.
Right Attack.
The working parties were engaged almost exclusively in clearing out the snow and the mud from the batteries and trenches.
The weather was very unfavourable. At times the snow storms and heavy drifts rendered it necessary to suspend the work entirely, and the frost was so severe that it was difficult, even with a pickaxe, to make any impression on the ground. At other times the pelting rain almost inundated the trenches, and rendered the earth so muddy and sticky that it adhered to the spade, and the task of throwing it over the parapet became most laborious.
There was much sickness among the Turkish troops, and they were on several occasions sent homo to their camp in consequence, without being called upon to do any work.
The number of workmen was generally very small; sometimes barely sufficient for the transport of the requisite
Inkekman Attack.
Proper revetting materials were so scarce that the interior slopes of the parapets had to be built up with the small stones which were found in the neighbourhood. This species of retaining wall was most troublesome to keep in repair, for, unless built with great care, the rain and changeable weather loosened the small stones, and even caused the wall to tumble down, and all these revetments, which had been built by the Turks, had for this reason to be taken down, and properly rebuilt by the Sappers.
- The Sappers had completed the magazine, and had laid the platforms of St. Laurent’s battery, but the parapet was still too thin to admit of the battery being armed. As these repairs could be executed only at night, and no night working parties could be obtained, the battery had to remain in an incomplete state.
The completion of the mortar battery was delayed

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
79
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
platform timbers required for tlie day’s work.
On the right of the 3d parallel a battery (No. 8.) was commenced for three Coeliorn mortars, to bear on the enemy’s riflemen in front of the Mamelon. It was built on the eastern slope of Frenchman’s Ilill, in order that it might bo screened from the fire of the Redan, and, the ground being rocky, Sapper labour was almost exclusively employed in its construction.
Inkf.um vn Attack.
several days from the same cause.
The rafters and flooring of the houses in the Inkerman Valley were collected, and brought up to the park, by working parties obtained specially for this purpose.
The Russians, evidently jealous of our advancing upon this ridge, continued steadily to fire upon the works ; but although they caused some injury to the parapets, hardly any casualties occurred among the guard of the trenches.
13th January to 16th January.
On the morning of the 13th January a severe frost set in, which continued steadily throughout this stage of the siege, accompanied by snow storms and piercing northerly winds. On the plain the snow lay from 12 inches to 18 inches in depth, and the drifts were exceedingly deep, and in some places even dangerous.
These frosts hardening the ground improved the communication to the front, but they materially added to the difficulty of supplying fuel for hospital and cooking purposes.
There was a great scarcity of wood of every description on the ground occupied hy the allies. The brushwood of the Inkerman ridge had long since been used; even the vine roots had been grubbed up by the troops for the purpose of cooking their meals; and although steps had been taken to Supply this deficiency, by employing working parties to cut and stack the brushwood in the neighbourhood of the Monastery of St. George, the supply thus obtained was altogether too insignificant for the wants of the army. At this period, most fortunately, large quantities of charcoal arrived at Balaklava, and great exertions were made to collect it in front. Manual labour had to he employed, as no other means of transport existed ; and for this reason the division of Turkish troops which had hitherto furnished
or king and carrying parties for the trenches was almost entirely withdrawn from the Engineers.- The siege works suffered in consequence, but the army a t large derived great benefit from the adoption of these arrangements, and
Severe frost.
Scarcity of fuel.
The Turkish labour is withdrawn from the Engineers.

80
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Arrival of warm clothing-
improvements at B.ilaklava.
a daily allowance* of charcoal was soon after issued to the troops on duty in the trenches, independently of any other supplies which they received in camp.
Vast quantities of warm clothing of all descriptions had been disembarked, and by this time almost every man had been supplied with a second blanket, a jersey frock, flannel drawers and socks, and with some kind of winter coat, in addition to the ordinary great coat.f
SicknessJ was, notwithstanding, on the increase, and the number of effective men was daily diminishing. On several occasions the strength of the guard of the trenches was far too small to furnish any men for work, and all repairs of importance had on these occasions to he attended to by Sappers, who throughout the whole of this trying period exhibited the most praiseworthy zeal and energy.§
Much had been done to improve Balaklava. The existing wharves, built during the previous month, had been considerably enlarged, and new ones had been commenced; at the entrance of the town a pier had been constructed for the embarkation of the sick and wounded, and adjoining it another pier was in progress, for unloading the Engineer stores. This latter, which was completed on the 5th of February, was formed of tressles, and had a total frontage of 90 feet.
The surface drainage of all the streets in the town was rapidly progressing, and the road adjoining the harbour, hitherto inundated, and in some places lowered even below the level of the sea, had been raised and properly drained for a distance of about 2,500 feet.
The disembarkation of the wooden huts was rapidly progressing, under the superintendence of Captain the Honourable F. H. Keane, R.E.
Fifty-six|| had already been issued to the troops, and others were being erected within a short distance of Balaklava, for the purpose of housing the newly arrived troops, until accommodation was prepared for them on the plateau of Sebastopol.
* This allowance was issued to each division in proportion to the number of men it sent to (lie trenches, at the following rates :
1st Division - - 200 lbs. of charcoal daily.
The Sappers the Line.
2d Division
830 „
yy
yy
3d Division
- 1,200 „
yy
yy
4th Division
- 1,200 „
yy
yy
Light Division
- 1,000 „
yy
yy
received likewise an allowance of fuel about a fortnight after it was issued to
t Lord Raglan’s despatch dated 13th January. | Vide Appendix No. 47.
§ Vide Appendix No. 45.
|| Vide Appendix No. <6.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
81
JOURNAL.—13th January to 16th January.
Left Attack.
In the 3d parallel a detachment of Sappers was employed to loosen the rocky ground by “ blasting and the working parties were generally employed in repairing damages in the trenches.
The snow fell thickly during the whole of this period, and the prevailing north-easterly winds drifted it into the trenches almost as rapidly as it could be removed, notwithstanding the utmost exertions of the working parties.
The cold likewise was very great, so that the men could be employed only at intervals.
The 16 th January the cold was intense, and the workmen were in consequence withdrawn from the trenches.
The troops suffered much from the severity of that day, and no working parties were employed during the night, the Sappers alone attending to the repairs which appeared most urgent.
Right Attack.
No working parties of the Line were employed on any of these nights, as the guards of the trenches were generally far below their usual strength, and the constant thick fogs rendered a stricter look-out than usual necessary.
On the 16th January the weather was so bad that even the comparatively easy task of clearing out the snow had to be abandoned, not, however, until repeated trials had been made to continue the work.*
The new mortar battery No. 8 was continued.
All the tools and materials required in the trenches were now deposited at a depot in the 1st parallel, midway between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries.
* Tide Appendix No. 46.
Inkerman Attack.
Eight platforms had now been laid in St. Laurent’s Battery, and most of its embrasures had been revetted.
The Russians had obtained the range of the works on this ridge with great accuracy, and they invariably fired from the Inkerman Lighthouse whenever they perceived any working parties employed on these works.
On the afternoon of the 15th the detachment which had hitherto been encamped in redoubt No. 1 was relieved by a French picquet, who from that time furnished the guards for St. Laurent’s Battery and for all the ground in its rear.’
17th January to 31st January.
Advantage was taken of the great change and improvement that occurred bi the weather on the morning of the 17th January to employ every avail- a ble man, horse, and cart, in carrying provisions and quantities of warm Nothing to the front, where a general depot for stores of all kinds was being Established, and where a supply of several days’ provisions was henceforth always maintained.
On the 21st January a French division encamped near the windmill on Inkerman ridge, and relieved the picquets of the Light and Second ^visions of the British army from the guard of the extreme right flank, this movement gave the latter timely assistance, and enabled them to Ur nish more adequate covering parties for the protection of their batteries.
Trench journal, 13th to 16th Jan.
Slight improvement in the weather.
A French division encamps on the extreme right.
L

82
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The British prepare to recommence active operations.
The hospitals at Constantinople.
Latterly the British attacks had been so feebly guarded that, had the enemy known how small was the force that night after night was called upon to defend the trenches, he could, without a doubt, by a rapid and energetic sortie in force, have utterly destroyed the British batteries. The covering party for the entire night attack (upwards of a mile in extent) never had exceeded, at this period of the siege,* 350 men, and on the night of the 21st January it mustered only 290* men. The guards for the other attacks were equally small.
Now, however, it was hoped that the offensive operations on the British side, hitherto completely paralysed from the want of transport, and more particularly from the difficulty of procuring working partiesf, would energetically he pushed forward, and include an advance towards the Malakoff front, for which operation a considerable supply of ammunition and a number of heavy siege gunsj were already available at the Royal Artillery park on the plateau.
The Commanding Royal Engineer had already caused the whole of the ground in front to be surveyed and reconnoitered, and had selected the best sites for batteries to bear on that front of attack.
It was arranged that one battery for 8 guns should be established some distance in advance of the existing batteries in the Right attack, to face the tower of Malakoff and the ground between it and the Mamelon ; that another battery for 15 pieces should be constructed as far in advance as possible on the Inkerman ridge, and likewise should face the Malakoff Tower; whilst a third battery was to be placed as forward as possible, to fire against the shipping in the harbour. At that time, however, it was impossible§ to obtain the necessary working parties to undertake these works.
While the offensive operations at Sebastopol had proceeded thus far, extensive improvements had been effected at Constantinople in the hospital accommodation for the sick and wounded British soldiers, who came pouring
'* Sir John Jones, in his Observations on the Sieges in Spain, says, (vicle note 28,) that the guard of the trenches ought never to be less than three fourths of the garrison opposed to it; and the justness of this remark has been universally admitted. Now the enemy’s forces opposed to the Left, Right, and Inkerman attacks could not have been less than one half of the garrison, which at this period of the siege numbered between 36,000 and 40,000 men (irrespective of the army of observation outside the town, vide Anitclikoff’s account). The British force guarding the trenches, therefore, instead of being three fourths, was less than one twentieth of the strength opposed to it.
j Vide Appendix No. 41.
| Yide Appendix No. 42.
§ Memoranda by Sir John Burgoyne, dated 29tli January 1855.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
83
in from the Crimea with the arrival of every vessel. These works were under the direction of Capt. Edward C. Gordon, R.E., and although retarded at the outset by the inadequacy of the staff at his disposal*, and by many other circumstances, he had at length succeeded, through the zealous, ever ready, and influential assistance of the English Ambassador, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, in smoothing all difficulties, and with the help of civil contractors and labourers proceeded with energy and speed to undertake the task, by no means a light one, that was allotted to him.f
Much had to be done, inasmuch as the public buildings which had been transferred to the English for hospital purposes were in some instances in a most wretched state. They required not only thorough repair but thorough and repeated cleansing.
The large barrack at Scutari and the general hospital were the first buildings that Capt. Gordon commenced to improve. At the former the rooms in the whole of the east wing were refloored, and supplied with new sashes and window frames; the corridors were repaved, and the entire buildings were heated with stoves; additional cooking-houses, with dressers, &c. were added ; and a bath establishment was formed, with boilers, fireplaces, and all the requisite accessaries.
To the general hospital Captain Gordon added various outhouses for cooking and other purposes. He renewed the main drains and sewers, built a pathological establishment, &c.
At Kulalee on the Bosphorus considerable hospital accommodation was prepared. The barrack, capable of containing 610 patients, was thoroughly repaired and cleansed, and the riding school, adjoining it, was floored over, and divided by partitions into twelve compartments, capable of containing altogether 210 sick. A cook-house was built, as well as a surgery and a Medical store, with all their appurtenances.
The Turkish hospital, which was attached to the barrack, and had contained the worst fever and cholera patients of the Turkish army, was thoroughly cleansed and whitewashed, and all the necessary stores, kitchens, &c. were added to it. By the end of January Capt. Gordon had thus succeeded in procuring accommodation for no less than 4,110 patients and convalescents, a greater number than ever was known to have been in the Bosphorus during an y portion of the war.
* Captain Gordon’s staff' consisted of 1 serjeant, 1 corporal, and 2 Sappers, t Appendix No. 53. contains a detailed account of the works executed by Major E. C. Gordon
Constantinople.
L 2

84
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Trencli journal, 17th to 31st Jan.
JOURNAL.—17th January to 31st January.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Inkeeman Attack.
It was more difficult to keep the trenches in order during this changeable weather than it had been during the heavy frost of the previous four days. No sooner had the mud and melting- snow been removed from them than the frost converted the smoothed surface into a sheet of ice ; the ground became slippery, and had to be broken up with a pickaxe, and the platforms could not be used until the coating of ice just formed had been removed. Working parties, varying from 130 to 200 men, were employed both day and night solely on this duty.
New drains were constructed in the advanced trenches, and more especially at the magazines in the 1st parallel.
Several small sheds were erected in the 1st and 2d parallels, to afford to the guard of the trenches some protection against the inclement weather.
To improve the cover in the 3d parallel, which in parts was still very defective, Sappers were employed daily in “ blasting ” the rock.
Although the batteries were ready to open fire, every opportunity was taken to improve and strengthen them still further.
The working parties were very small, more especially at night'*, and little was done in consequence.
The 3d parallel was slightly improved and widened to obtain a greater extent of cover for the assaulting columns, and from 6 to 8 Sappers were employed daily in “ blasting ” and quarrying the rock on the right of the 3d parallel, and in forming the magazine of No. 8 battery.
Several new drains were formed along the 3d parallel and the Left approach ; they were cut through the parapet, as the rapid fall of the ground towards the front did not admit of any other expedient. This work could only be done at night, and never without a large force of Sappers.
Wherever sandbags had been employed, either in loopholes or revetments, the work had to be renewed, as the weather had rotted the canvas and destroyed the bags.
* During the first five nights of this period the number of workmen never exceeded 39. (Vide Appendix No. 48.) This number contrasts strangely with that of the working parties employed by the French. Monsieur de Bezaneourt states, that during this time “ the French em- “ ployed daily 4,000 men on the “ works, and sometimes the number “ exceeded 6,000!”
No working parties were employed during this period. After the 21st January Sappers alone performed the necessary duties. On the night of the 20th the posts and railings of the causeway across the head of the Inkerman valley were taken up and carried to the park of the Right attack. On the evening of the 26th a party of Sappers proceeded down the ravine to the east of the mortar battery, unroofed some houses adjoining the causeway, and carried up a sufficient quantity of timber to repair the platform damaged by the picquets, and to complete the magazine in St. Laurent’s Battery. This magazine had been so seriously injured by the explosion of one of the enemy’s shells as to necessitate its being rebuilt.
As the enemy’s fire was too heavy, however, to admit of its being repaired during the daytime, a night working party had to be obtained for the purpose; but this was the only occasion on which working parties were employed.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
85
1st February to 3d February.
The siege during this period remained stationary.
The doubts which had been expressed as to the practicability of assaulting the Barrack Battery and Redan, unless supported by a simultaneous movement against the tower front, seriously occupied the attention of the Commanders-in-Chief, and, pending their decision as to the course which it ivas best to pursue, no further operations were undertaken, beyond continuing the Right approach to the third parallel of the Right attack, and finally completing the batteries on the British side to the following armaments :
Situation of Battery.
Number of Guns.
Number of Mortars.
Number of Magazines.
Remarks.
Right attack
24
6
8
Battery No. 8. for three mortars commenced and nearly completed.
Left attack -
43
11
14
Battery No. 12. commenced.
Inkerman heights -
8
4
4
Total
75
21
26
On the 1st February a general council of war was convened, and it was then unanimously decided to carry out the general plan of attack which had ^een advocated ever since the battle of Inkerman. That plan was to be followed throughout, the details being modified only in the particulars in which a change had become necessary in consequence of the altered circumstances °f the present period. Six weeks prior to this date a lodgment might at ° r, ce have been established on the Mamelon without much difficulty or great ^° Ss ; since then, however, the Russians had occupied this position in much greater force, and our allies, who considered it no longer advisable to attempt assault by “ vive force,” advocated the previous construction of more advanced trenches.
A diversion in favour of the Central Bastion was likewise deemed advisable y the French, in order to prevent the concentration of the enemy’s forces ar °und the Flagstaff Bastion, as they considered it very doubtful whether the ass ault of the latter would prove successful, notwithstanding that approaches acl been established so close to the counterscarp as to render a further a< v ance impracticable, except by mining operations.
It is decided to attack the Malakoff front.

86
JOURNAL OF THE SIE6e OF SEBASTOPOL.
Works required for the attack.
Major-General Sir Harry Jones takes the command.
It was accordingly decided* that the following propositions should he adopted and carried into execution :—
1. That, with the view of assisting the attack of the town, the French should
complete the armament of their batteries on the left against the Central Bastion, which they considered could be effected in a period of about ten or twelve days :
2. That to assist the proposed attack on the Mamelon, two batteries should
at once he established, which could deliver a cross fire upon the Mamelon, the Malakoff Bastion, and the ground along which the assault would have to be made; the one for eight guns, to be erected in the advanced trenches of the English Right attack ; the other, for 15 pieces at least, on the Inkerman ridge :
3. That as soon as these batteries had been completed, a heavy cannonade
should be opened, under cover of which approaches should be advanced from the extreme left of the allied position towards the Central Bastion, and from the right of their position towards the Mamelon, which should then be crowned by a lodgment:
4. That the moment the lodgment on the Mamelon had been established,
a new battery for 15 pieces should be constructed, if possible a little in advance of the lodgment, to batter the Malakoff bastion and works adjoining it, and under cover of the fire of this battery approaches should be pushed forward towards the tower :
5. To expedite the completion of these works, it was agreed that as the
English were better supplied with stores than with men the French should take charge of the attack on the Mamelon, including the works on the Inkerman ridge, and should assist the British in constructing the batteries alluded to in paragraph 2.; whilst the British army was to supply all the stores required for the construction of these works, as well as to complete their armaments.
Pending the arrival of reinforcements, without which the British army could not undertake its part in these proceedings, the Engineers employed every means to expedite the transport of their siege materiel. They transferred 100,000 sandbags to the French, prepared the platforms and magazines required for the two batteries on the right, and carefully reconnoitered the ground along which approaches could be effected towards the Redan and the Malakoff.
At this critical period of the siege Major-General Sir Harry D. Jones, K.C.B., who had just returned from the successful operations in the Baltic,
* Vide Appendix No. 43.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
8 7
landed in the Crimea, and took the command of the British portion of the engineering operations, which had up to this period been conducted, witli most inefficient means in men and materiel, and under most trying circumstances, by Colonel (then Major) J. W. Gordon, R.E., and by Colonel (then Major) F. Chapman, R.E., subject to the advice of General Sir John Burgoyne.
The future operations will now he related by Sir Harry Jones himself in the following volume.
Before closing this account, however, mention ought to he made of the im- E f X g t j n |^ tate provements which the Engineers had by this time effected in and around at this period. Balaklava.
The line of works defending this position had assumed an appearance of great strength*, and could not readily he forced.
The improvements which had been executed at Balaklava may he briefly stated as follows :—
The roadway adjoining the harbour had been properly drained, and raised about 14 inches above its former level. From thence towards Kadikoi the existing road had been partially macadamized for a distance of upwards of a mile.
The new road to the front, proceeding from Kadikoi by way of Karani, had been macadamized as far as the rising ground to the west of General Yinoy’s division, or for a distance of upwards of a mile.
Three large piers had been constructed in the harbour ; one close to the entrance of the town, 40 feet long, for the embarkation of the sick ; a second adjoining it, extending to a distance of 50 feet from the shore, on trestles, for siege materiel; and a third one solely for commissariat stores. Besides these, several other piers had been repaired and rendered serviceable.
On the opposite or west side of the harbour, the Diamond Wharf had been constructed by the Navy for the disembarkation of huts and hutting materials, a nd a fine and hard road had been made to this wharf over the swampy ^arsh at the head of the harbour.
These improvements were mainly due to the indefatigable energy and per- Se verance of Major Keane, R.E., and Major Hall, Assistant Engineer. The former had likewise progressed rapidly with the distribution and disembarka- tlo n of huts, and on the 5th February no less than 240 huts had been issued
the troops.
* Vide Appendix No. 54.

■'msms&z ■ w&am > ••
t - i •'
> .. i . .' '
•'•<; ’ • • J.
r ,*«*''* v.'.
jiliW ***£.’.
: . ; J
' • < 4. .4^-idv/ s! -
-MUiy”’
■; i . j .‘X •. ' •• . '■
i“''(!■*} . ••-.■■
' T "' — '■ - ■ ■ • ■
, Vi
; . i’.yi'r. > '!•■> ■
-r
■ ii
"ji't'iiivtW; •
* i■ s* .
i /(' lAi i> !!
« u- ••••{ £wJ>
- Of! 1 i
Stfeyoa a
' j*
-. -,i .iniffi »dt
_ • i
. :i
Mil'
.-•tika n v^wsr-iiij n T&- «»:#k»MvU
•{ ','U j<i •* . ■
i 4)1 J"* ^ioiH o'.U ! >il ,’>>} :vi.'. ’*<>
* . f f n
' r t f+ ;} -.-•7 ;•> ^ ;
:0
^ n j‘S 5 K
ih'U'iiJ
i ,,n •r i__ ■ '•■ *; '■
... - [ - \ . ft*!'.- '•'•• ' '
--I
: t« ;k! 4 '-(Ur./C 3 • . / • - ^ • :
i :r~flAtZmki r X fifei vi:,. !'•:?« <

APPENDIX.

CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX.
'To. of ’aper.
Date.
Subject.
Page.
1854.
1
July 2 -
General Tylden’s Report on the Deficiencies of the Engineer Department
93
o
„ 12 -
Copy of Lord Raglan’s Minute recommending certain Allowances to Subaltern Officers of Engineers -------
94
3
„ 25 -
General Tylden’s Report on the required Arrangements in the Engineer Department -------
94
4
August 21
Memorandum on the Invasion of the Crimea, by Sir John Burgoyne
97
5
„ 31
General Orders on the Embarkation of the British Army - - -
98
6
September
Return of Engineer Stores accompanying the Expeditionary Eorce to the Crimea --------
99
7
» 4 -
Memorandum on the Occupation of Eupatoria, by Sir John Burgoyne-
101
8
„ 23 -
Lord Raglan’s Despatch of the Battle of the Alma - - - -
101
9
„ 20 -
Prince Menchikoff’s Despatch of the Battle of the Alma -
106
10
„ 21 -
Proposition for the Plank March to the South side of Sebastopol, by Sir John Burgoyne -------
107
11
„ 22 -
Observations on the Russian Pleet in Sebastopol
10S
12
„ 24 -
Report of the sinking of the Russian Ships at the entrance of the Harbour of Sebastopol -------
109
13
October 1 and 7
Suggestions for the Guidance of the Royal Engineers in constructing the Works of Attack against Sebastopol -------
109
U
» 16 -
General Orders for the Assault on Sebastopol -----
111
15
„ 16 -
Royal Engineer Brigade Orders for the Assault on Sebastopol - - -
112
16
„ 16 -
Memorandum by Admiral Dundas, stating the Reasons which prevented the Allied Fleets from commencing their Attack against the Sea Batteries before One o’clock on the 17th October 1854 - - - -
113
17
„ 18 -
Memorandum on the more complete Concentration of the Eire of the English Batteries during the first Bombardment, by Sir John Burgoyne
114
18
19
20
21
22
18 -
20 -
Memorandum on the Conduct and Exertions of the Engineers
Return of the Quantity of Ammunition remaining in the Siege Train on the 20th October --------
114
115
„ 28 -
Lord Raglan’s Despatch of the Battle of Balaklava - - - -
115
„ 25 and 26
Russian Despatches of the Battle of Balaklava -
117
„ 27
Report of the Sortie on the 26th October, by Sir De Lacy Evans
120
24
>> -
Expenditure of Engineer Stores during the Month of October
122
25
>, -■
Expenditure of Ammunition during the Eirst Bombardment - -
122
26
November 1
Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, on the proposed Assault of the Town -
123
27
» 8
Lord Raglan’s Despatch of the Battle of Inkerman -
124
28
» 6
» 10 -
Prince Menchikoff’s Despatch of the Battle of Inkerman - .
Sir John Burgoyne’s Recommendation to discontinue the defensive Works on the Inkerman ridge, and to construct in their stead more advanced Trenches
127
128

92
CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX.
No. of Paper.
Date.
Subject.
Page.
1854.
29
Nov. 7, 8, 21 and 22.
U,
Letters of Instruction and Reports on the Purchase of Timber along the Coast of the Black Sea, for hutting the British Army -
129
30
November 15
General Orders authorizing the Issue of working Pay to Troops employed as working Parties in the Trenches -----
133
31
„ 19
-
On the Duties of covering Parties at a Siege, by Sir John Bnrgoyne -
133
32
19
-
On the Duties of Riflemen at a Siege, by Sir John Burgoyne - - -
135
33
» 20
*
On the Present Circumstances of the British Attacks on Sebastopol, by Sir John Burgoyne ------
130
34
. „ 23
Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, recommending the Attack of the Tower front and the more complete Occupation of the Inkcrman ridge
138
35
„ 25
Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, submitting that the French should relieve the English of the charge of the Left Attack, to admit of the prosecution of the Attack against the Malakoff Tower front - - -
139
30
December 11
-
Second Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, on the Expediency of attacking the Tower front - -- -- -- -
140
37
„ 20
*
Second Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, submitting that the French be requested to relieve the English of the Left Attack, or assist in the Operations on the extreme Right ------
141
38
„ 22
Memorandum on the Railway and the Army Works Corps, by Sir John Burgoyne ----- - -
142
39
„ 26
-
Sir John Burgoyne’s Memorandum on the Occupation of the Mamelon -
143
40
„ 30
1855.
Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, on the future Operations before Sebastopol --------
144
41
January 25
“
Sir John Burgoyne’s Memorandum on the Deficiencies of Transport and Working Parties -------
146
42
30
-
Revised Armament of the English Batteries for the Redan Attack
146
43
Pebruary 2
-
Instructions for the renewed Assault on Sebastopol - - - -
148
44
„ 3
-
Memorandum on Transport, by Sir John Burgoyne ...
149
45
„ 5
Recommending the Augmentation of the Corps of Royal Engineers, in consequence of the Experience gained during the War in the Crimea
152
• 46
-
Various Letters and Memoranda of the Commanding Royal Engineer, and of other Officers of Royal Engineers -
153
47
-
-
Returns of the Strength of the British Army before Sebastopol, at various Times - - - - - " - - -
15G
48
"
'
Trench Journal of the Siege -
REPORTS.
159
49
-
-
Description of the Lines of Boulair, by Major Gibb, R.E. - - -
2G2
50
-
-
Naval Arrangements for Landing the Expeditionary Force in the Crimea, by Captain Mends, R.N. -------
264
51
-
-
Memorandum on the Organization of the Engineer Duties at the Siege of Sebastopol, by Major C. B. Ewart, R.E. -----
277
52
_
-
On the Royal Engineer Transport in the Crimea, by Captain Leahy, R.E.
282
53
-
-
Report of the Construction of the Hospitals at Constantinople and the Bosphorus, by Major E. C. Gordon, R.E.
287
54
-
Description of the Lines in front of Balaklava, by Major Elphinstone, R.E.
297

APPENDIX.
Appendix No. 1.
General Tvlden’s Report on the Deficiencies of the Engineer Department.
Sir, Varna, 2d July 1854.
I beg most respectfully and earnestly to bring to the notice of his Lordship the Commander of the Forces, the following requirements, which I consider essentially necessary for the flue efficiency of the Engineer Department serving with this army.
1st. The addition of ten officers of Royal Engineers, to meet the frequent demands for service, ■which are, and will be made upon the corps, to supply which, it is now necessary to detach officers from the companies of Sappers, thereby rendering those companies, to a certain degree, ineffective.
Likewise, two additional companies of Sappers : as Varna is likely to become the base of our operations, the services of at least one company will be required to keep in an efficient state of repair, during the winter months, the several landing wharves and military buildings in the town mid its vicinity ; and the second company to supply detachments for coast operations with the navy, and for the pontoons ; this can now only be effected by taking men from the companies attached to divisions, and thereby reducing their efficiency, to the dissatisfaction of some of the General Officers commanding, who are desirous of having their brigades of Engineers and Sappers, complete and effective.
2d. A supply of 160 draft horses from England, with due proportion of drivers, for moving the pontoon train, forges, and waggons to be laden with heavy stores and materials for the formation of boat bridges, and siege operations ; the transport at present sanctioned by his Lord- s hip, and which is the most appropriate the country can furnish, being only calculated to convey tools and materials of a light description, necessary for repairing roads, sinking wells, and slight held operations.
After five months’ experience of the means of transport used in this country, and a careful observance of the roads, both in winter and summer, I am convinced of the extreme difficulty, if U°t impracticability, of moving our stores and materials so as to keep pace with the army, except T means of draft horses ; those used in vans and omnibuses are the best adapted for this purpose, blemishes being of no importance, provided the horse is sound.
3 d. I am a i SOj most unwillingly, under the painful necessity of again bringing to his Lordship’s a °tice the embarrassment and difficulty experienced, generally, by officers of the Engineers, on a °count of servants, many of them being destitute not only of personal attendance, but without a Be t’vant to look after their horses or draw their forage.
Ihose servants hired at Malta and Constantinople, at very high wages, deserting at the first a Ppearance of privation or difficulty, others refusing to go up the country at all, and such boors as can occasionally be hired here, speaking only Turkish or Bulgarian, they have no means of faking them acquainted with their wishes or orders. I therefore submit for his Lordship’s uvourable consideration, in order to render those officers effective in the field, which at present ,,?y arc not, that the regulation with regard to servants, should so far be modified, that such (h 06X8 Engineers as absolutely require it, may be allowed one batman each from the Sappers
6 not being a mechanic), as without this indulgence or some other remedy to meet the difficulty,
ArPEFDIX No. 1.

94
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 1.
Appendix No. 2.
Appendix No. 3.
the officers cannot be in a state of efficiency for such duties as are required from them, or even simply to take the field like officers of the Line.
With every apology for thus occupying the attention of his Lordship, I feel I should ill perform my duty to myself and that portion of the corps I have the honour to command, under his Lordship, who is our chief, and to whom we must look up for his assistance, did I not bring these subjects under his notice in the strongest possible light.
I have, &c.
(Signed) W. B. Tylden,
To Lieutenant Colonel Steele, Brigadier-General,
Military Secretary. Commanding Royal Engineers.
Appendix No. 2.
Copy of Lord Raglan’s Minute, dated 12th July 1854, on the Application for an Allowance of 507. to each Subaltern of Engineers for the purchase of a Horse, and the Pay for a second Servant.
The situation of the subaltern officer of Engineers is undoubtedly peculiar. He has various duties to perform, always important, very frequently onerous, as well as involving responsibility to an extent unknown to any officers of his relative rank in any other branch of the service. To discharge these duties in an adequate manner, he must be not only mounted, but efficiently so, and under all these circumstances, as the Treasury has left it for my consideration to determine whether the position of the officer of Royal Engineers be such as to justify an exception to the general rule, in favour of the subalterns of that corps, I shall take upon myself to order that 507. be allowed to each of the latter for the purchase and equipment of the horse with which he is obliged to provide himself.
I shall also authorize the grant of pay for a second servant to the captains and subalterns of the Royal Engineers.
(Signed) Raglan.
Appendix No. 3.
General Tylden’s Report on the required Arrangements in the Engineer Department.
Yarna, 25th July 1854.
The contemplated expedition will probably require a two-fold operation :—
1. To afford the troops means of quickly covering themselves after a landing is effected.
2. To have at hand all the means, in implements, tools, &c., &e., with a proportion of Engineers and Sappers, for subsequent siege operations.
3. With respect to the first operation, it is submitted, that to each division allotted to the service of effecting a landing there shall be attached 1 captain, 1 subaltern, and 25 Sappers, with the proportion of intrenching tools named in the accompanying list A.
4. That one regiment of each division (or such amount of infantry as his Lordship the Commander of the Forces may consider can be devoted to that purpose) be appointed to the duty of throwing up intrenchments, under the Engineers, after the landing is effected.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
95
5. That if this be approved, such regiments, or a portion thereof, be at once named, in order that some previous instruction and practice may take place in throwing up intrenchments.
6. With respect to the second or siege operation, it is submitted, that the tools, &c., &c. (as shown in the list B.), together with the requisite gabions and fascines, should be shipped in the same vessel or vessels with the remaining available Engineers and Sappers, and should accompany those employed in the transport of the battering train, C.
7. It is probable that many of the tools used in the first operation will be available for the second; but it appears desirable, that the means requisite for a siege should be kept together, and not depend upon any other contingency.
8. The fascines and gabions being of great bulk, it is not supposed that they can be embarked until one or more of the vessels for conveying troops shall be at liberty, but it is very desirable that a small quantity should accompany the first landing, as detailed in list A.
(Signed) W. B. Tylden,
Brigadier-General, Commanding Royal Engineers.
Hooks, bill
Ladders, scaling, 12-ft.
6-ft.
Sandbags
Saws, pit
cross-cut hand Shovels Spades Tape, tracing
(Signed)
Rd. Tylden, Major R.E., Major of Brigade
Intrenching and Artificers
Tools.
Boring rods
Candles Carts, forge trench
Coals. To be procured from steamers. Charcoal - sacks
Crowbars
- yards
Canvas Field levels Gabions Grindstones Fascines
With tackles, double snatch single
5.000
List of Intrenching Tools proposed to be issued for one Regiment of Infantry with each Division to be allotted to the Duty of intrenching the Division.
Axes, pick
» felling - - - -
^arrows, hand -
Lars, crow - - -
Carts, trench -
vascines -
Gabions -
Selves, spare, felling-axe pick
spade - - -
shovel
29th July 1854.
Adzes Augers Ax <*, felling hroad
r, - topping ^arrows, wheel hand
Llock s P are wheels
Appendix No. 3.

96 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
'Appendix No. 3.
Fascines, chokers -
-
60
Rammers
-
-
100
Hambro’ line
- yards
2,650
Sandbags
-
- 80,000
Helves, spare, pick
-
150
Sap forks
-
-■
15
„ shovel
150
Sap rollers
-
-
20
„ spade
-
100
Saucisson, calico
•
yards
300
„ felling
axes
40
Saws, pit
-
-
6
Iron, 1-in., round
2 X f-in. flat.
„ cross-cut
-
-
10
li
>> A ‘5f >5 >5
I f x 1 „ of sorts.
„ hand
-
-
60
„ 1^ „ square -
x
" A S >!
Scaling ladders, 12-ft. leu
gtlis -
-
56
^ )>
„ 6-ft.
-
23
Jacks, hand-screw
-
2
Shovels
-
-
2,000
Gabion knives
-
200
Spades
-
520
Mallets
-
3
Splinter proofs (12 ft. X
10 ins. and 8 ins.).
Lanthorus
-
40
Spun yarn
-
coils
25
Masons’ picks -
-
20
Spike nails
-
lbs.
800
Nails, boxes of
-
4
Straight edges -
-
-
6
Oil, train
- gallons
2
Steel
- lbs.
40
Pickaxes
-
2,500
„ blister
-
>>
21
Planes, jack
.
20
Steelyards
-
-
2
„ smoothing
-
10
Tools, sets of, carpenters’
-
-
n
O
Platforms, gun, 16 X
10
12
„ „ miners’ (see
Miners
Tools).
Rules, 2-ft.
30
„ „ smiths’
-
-
2
Rods, 6-ft.
20
Twine and needles
-
hanks
25
Rope, 3-in.
- coils
4
Whetstones
-
-
10
i i
» ‘TT »
“ ** »
4
Tracing tape
-
yards 18,000
>> 1
-
3
Miners'
Tools.
Miners’ bellows
-
8
Picks
-
-
80
tubes and elbows - feet
320
„ push
-
-
40
Bars, tamping -
-
12
Portfire holders
-
-
6
Buckets
-
18
Scrapers
-
-
10
Candlesticks
.
20
Shovels, pointed
-
-
28
Gads
-
26
Waggons
-
-
19
Hammers, hand
-
' 2
Worm (for charges) -
-
-
1
„ sledge -
-
14
Wire, brass
-
- coil
1
Knee-caps
.
50
Bickford’s fuse (2 casks)
-
yards
2,000
Jumpers
-
60
Setting bars
-
-
4
Ladders, rope -
-
10
Slow match
-
- feet
10
Lamps -
-
4
Tarpaulins
-
-
8
Needles.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Brevet Major, R.E.,
28th July 1854. Major of Brigade.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
97
C.
Return of Tonnage that will be occupied by the several Articles of Engineer Equipment
detailed in Return B.
Tons.
Stores that require to go in the hold - - - - - 130
Sandbags „ „ - - 40
Stores that can go on deck - - - - - - - 75
„ to accompany the battering train, if necessary, platforms and splinter proofs - 40
Uncertain :—
5,000 gabions - - - - - - 1,500
8,000 fascines ..... ... 4,000
20 sap rollers - - - - - 55
To convey the Engineer siege stores, exclusively of gabions and fascines, a vessel of 400 to 500 tons will be necessary.
As to the very bulky articles, fascines and gabions, at least one large vessel will be required for their transport; but the measurement will of course depend upon the quantities that can be Prepared.
(Signed) Rd. Tyi.den,
Brevet Major, R.E.,
29th July 1854. Major of Brigade.
Appendix No. 4.
Ne.morandusi by Sir John Bgrgoyne on the Invasion of the Crimea, dated 21st August 1854.
In landing in an enemy’s country after a long sea voyage, it requires a considerable time before *he invading army can be collected in a state for advancing. A comparatively moderate amount °f shipping will convey a large force of infantry for a voyage of a week or less, and they can 0 landed rapidly ; but the time and means required for the conveyance and landing of horses, Artillery, and cavalry are considerable, to which must be added the time occupied in landing ®Biinunition and provisions, and the enormous means of transport required for them. And >us the necessary preliminaries occupy a considerable time, during which the enemy collects his ces where he thinks most suitable, and makes his arrangements for defence, active or passive.
It is not only necessary, that our. forces when collected, should be fully a match for the enemy, 1 J t is equally essential that we should be able to repulse him, throughout every period of the Proceeding, up to boldly advancing against his entire force. This must be matter of calculation, 1 1 the clear understanding, that our greatest weakness and disadvantages are at the commence- cnt, nntQ we obtain on shore (in a state for moving) the full amount of force which we contem- tlie 6 ^° r ^ le °P era tion. The undertaking, therefore, cannot possibly succeed unless it partake of le character of a surprise ; for the first landing, especially, is an operation that would be of t edln Siy rash in face of any respectable opposing force, say of one half in amount of the body l °ops that could be first put on shore.
P e 0rrie consequence is attached, at times, to the favourable nature of a beach for forcing a landing,
° ec ause it can be covered by the fire from shipping at from 600 to 800 yards distance ; but this ^ 0ul( l afford only a very slight advantage ; no beach in the world, that ever I saw (when there !? 110 tide), is exposed for more than 100 or 200 yards from the water, beyond which will be “ dlld ample cover for troops, and usually it is interspersed with patches of rising ground, here artillery could be posted or could be rapidly brought up, in positions to flank or enfilade
Appendix No. 3.
Appendix No. 4.

98
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 4.
Appendix No. 5.
the beach, and could never ho silenced from the shipping. It is easy to conceive the vast advantage that troops thus posted, and provided with artillery and cavalry, would have over others, in that most embarrassing and confused proceeding of a disembarkation in the face of an enemy, the troops, upon landing from boats, having to form under an attack which would be made upon them from within 200 or 300 yards of the landing place.
It will be a matter of importance to know, how long it would take, from the time that the fleet should be thoroughly descried by the enemy to be in such force as to cause them to see the necessity for bringing the forces to oppose the landing, until it should be at anchor, the boats out and loaded, and the first strong body thrown on shore ; it is presumed not less than ten or twelve hours of daylight will be required, with perhaps an intervening night. During these ten or twelve hours, an enemy could reach the spot from between twenty and thirty miles distance. I would assume it, therefore, to be most imprudent to attempt a landing within that distance of the station of an adequate force of the enemy, or within a proportionate shorter distance, if the time to be occupied in landing is less. It must be recollected, that in proportion as the distance is short, the enemy will come down more rapidly ; thus, for nine or ten miles, he could march at a rate of at least three miles an hour, while for a greater distance the rate would be less. At the mouth of the river Katcha, a position has been pointed out which is considered favourable for landing, but it is not above nine miles from Sebastopol, where the enemy are said to have a camp of from 10,000 to 15,000 men, besides a garrison of as many, and a fleet from which 10,000 to 15,000 good troops could be landed for a temporary purpose ; thus in three hours he could have in the immediate front of the beach from 20,000 to 30,000 men, that is, two or three times the extreme number which it is understood would be put on shore at one time.
The Katcha has also another great disadvantage, in being quite an open shore, without resources or even shelter from any but one wind ; thus the time may be prolonged indefinitely, after the fleet may be at its anchorage, before any landing can take place, or the landing may be interrupted at any time during its progress by a change or freshening of the wind.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 5.
General Order on the Embarkation of the British Army.
Yarna, 31st August, 1854.
1. Tiie invasion of the Crimea having been determined upon, the troops will embark in such ships as shall be provided for their conveyance, which will rendezvous at Balchik, and proceed with the combined fleets to their destination.
2. In an operation of so much difficulty, it is essential that the arrangements made, should be attentively considered and thoroughly understood by the officers who are responsible for their execution, and should be strictly carried out without alteration or the exercise of discretion on the part of any subordinate officer. Otherwise confusion would ensue, and the worst consequences might be apprehended.
3. When the troops are directed to land, they are to enter the boats in the order in which they stand in the ranks.
4. They are to sit or stand according as they may be desired, and when once placed, are to remain perfectly still as well as silent.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 99
5. They are to take tlieir knapsacks with them, but not on them, and on leaving the boats they will either put them on, or place them on the beach in the order in which they stand, according as they may be directed.
6. The blanket will, in the first instance, be left on board, folded and labelled with the regimental number of each soldier.
7. The regiments will form in contiguous columns at quarter distance.
8. They will not load until they have landed, and not then, until they are ordered..
9. The spare ammunition (first reserve) will bo disposed of as directed in the accompanying memorandum, and will be in charge of an officer of the Field Train Department.
10. The horses provided for the service will be landed after the troops have disembarked.
11. Three days’ bread and three days’ salt meat ready cooked are to be carried both by officers and men, and the men will have their canteens filled with water.
12. The water bags will also be landed, and placed with the reserve ammunition, and the horses appointed for them, if they can be taken, of which there is at present some doubt, will be got on shore as soon as possible.
13. It is necessary that officers should take on shore, in the first instance, such articles only as fhey can carry themselves.
14. The servants of officers are not only on all occasions of service to be present under arms, '"dth the regiments to which they belong, but they are to carry no more than any other soldier, a od they are to mount all picquets and guards with their masters.
15. Mounted officers alone will be entitled to batmen.
16. The medical staff attached to the divisions and brigades will land with them.
17. The batteries will land with the divisions to which they are attached, as well as the Sappers similarly situated, and the latter will bring with them a due proportion of intrenching fools.
18. The Light Division will land first. Four companies of the 2d battalion, Rifle Brigade, will ho attached to each of its brigades, and will form the advance.
19. The First Division, will follow, then the Second, the Third, and the Fourth.
20. The cavalry will be be ready to laud, but will not disembark until they receive special directions to do so. They will take with them three days’ corn and forage.
21. Provision will be made by the naval authorities for the disembarkation of a due proportion
the horses of the officers of the staff, and these officers are recommended to take upon their
Worses three days’ corn and forage.
Appendix No. 6.
Re
t URn of the Total Quantity of Engineer Stores which accompanied, the Expeditionary
Force to the Crimea.
September 1854.
Rogers
■^oies, felling
” broad - r, ” fopping 1Vl 'ows, wl.ed
Intrenching and Artificers’ Tools.
30
30
120
50
20
100
Barrows, hand - "
„ ‘ spare‘wheels '
Baskets
Blocks with tackles, double -
„.„ - snatch
Billhooks -
N 2
130
20
64
4
2
350
Appendix No. 5.
Appendix No. 6.

100
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Appendix No. 6.
Boring rods
-
-
12
Rules, 2-ft. -
30
Candles
-
- lbs.
300
Rods, 6-ft. -
20
Carts, forge
-
-
1
Rope, 3-in. -
coils 4
„ trench -
-
-
23
„ 1-g-in.
„ 4
Coals and charcoal
-
sacks
2
„ 1-in.
„ 3
Crowbars
-
35
Rammers -
- 100
Canvas
-
yards
150
Sandbags ...
- 82,500
Field levels
-
-
20
Sap forks ...
15
Gabions
-
-
5,500
Sap rollers -
20
Grindstones
-
-
6
Saucisson, calico
yards 300
Fascines
-
-
8,500
Saws, pit
11
„ chokers
-
-
60
„ cross cut
20
Hambro’ line
yards
2,650
„ hand - -
70
Helves, spare, pick
-
-
300
Scaling ladders, 12-ft. lengths
86
,, shovel
-
-
200
6-ft. „
43
„ spade
-
125
Shovels -
- 3,250
„ felling
axe
-
50
Spades -
- 1,020
Iron of various sorts,
in bars.
Splinter proofs (12 ft. x 10 ins. X
8 ins.).
Jacks, liand-screw
-
-
2
Spun yarn -
coils 25
Gabion knives -
-
-
200
Spike nails
lbs. 800
Mallets
.
-
3
Straight edges -
6
Lanthorns
-
-
40
Steel - - -
lbs. 40
Masons’ picks
-
-
20
,, blister
„ 21
Nails, boxes of
-
-
4
Steelyards -
2
Oil, train
-
- gallons
2
Tools, sets of, carpenters’
3
Pickaxes
-
-
3,500
„ smiths’
2
Planes, jack -
-
-
20
Twine -
hanks 25
„ smoothing
-
-
10
Whetstones - - -
10
Platforms, gun, 16 x
10
-
12
Tracing tape -
yards 20,500
Miners'
Tools.
Bellows
-
-
8
Picks, push -
40
,, tubes and elbows -
feet
320
Portfire holders
6
Bars, tamping -
-
-
12
Scrapers -
10
Buckets
-
-
18
Shovels, pointed
28
Candlesticks
-
-
20
Waggons -
19
Gads ■■
-
-
36
Worm (for charges)
1
Hammers, hand
-
-
36
Wire, brass
coils 1
„ sledge
-
-
14
Bickford’s fuse (2 casks)
yards 2,000
Knee-caps
-
-
50
Setting bars
4
Jumpers
-
-
60
Slow match -
10
Ladders, rope -
-
-
10
Tarpaulins -
8
Lamps
-
-
4
A quantity of needles.
Picks
.
-
80

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
101
Appendix No. 7.
Memorandum recommending the Occupation of Eupatoria by the Allies.
Yarna Bay, 4th September 1854.
In the event of a landing being effected on any part of the coast of the Crimea, between. •Sebastopol and Eupatoria, it is submitted, that it would be extremely desirable to occupy the latter by a detached force ; say, in the first instance, with 500 French or British and 1,000 to 1,500 Turks ; the strength being arranged, from time to time, according to circumstances.
The object would be manifold :—
1. It would make it more difficult for flying parties of the enemy to harass and hem in the rear of our army in its moving towards Sebastopol, a proceeding that would have a very demoralizing effect on our troops, and would deprive such flying corps of their natural base, while it would afford, on the contrary, a base for any detached corps employed in keeping our own rear clear.
2. It would present a landing place, for many occasions, more likely to be accessible than any other on that coast, and when all others, owing to bad weather or certain winds, might be absolutely impracticable.
3. Eupatoria has piers and landing places and a small town ; the country behind it is stated to be fertile, and therefore, in spite of any measures of destruction by the enemy, the place and Neighbourhood must be capable of affording some resources.
4. There would be a degree of favourable prestige in occupying it, eyen should the enemy adopt the extreme measure of desolating it on our approach.
5. It is probable, that when our attack was made elsewhere, Eupatoria would be imperfectly Provided for defence, and would be easily occupied.
6. It would appear, by the maps, that it might easily be made defensible towards the south, between the lake and the sea, and, perhaps, positions may be found for covering it on the north, a ny attack on which side, would, however, require a wide movement on the part of the enemy, an d one not likely to be attempted by any but small corps during the time that the allies were actively engaged elsewhere.
7. Should the enemy’s strength in the Crimea prove to be so superior in forces and position, that the final undertaking should be considered impracticable, this occupation of Eupatoria might become a rallying point from whence to re-embark ; since, as far as we are at present aware, there does not appear to be any other.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 8.
Lord Raglan’s Despatch to the Duke of Newcastle.
Head Quarters, Katcha River,
hU Lord Duke, 23d September 1854.
I have the honour to inform your Grace that the allied troops attacked the position occupied by the Russian army, behind the Alma, on the 20tli instant; and I have great satis- !lc tion in adding, that they succeeded, in less than three hours, in driving the enemy from
evei 7 part of the around which they had held in the morning, and in establishing themselves upon it. °
Appendix No. 7.
Appendix No. 8.

102
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 8.
The English and French armies moved out of their first encampment in the Crimea on the 19th, and bivouacked for the night on the left bank of the Bulganak, the former having previously supported the advance of a part of the Earl of Cardigan’s brigade of light cavalry, which had the effect of inducing the enemy to move up a large body of dragoons and Cossacks, with artillery.
On this, the first occasion of the English encountering the Russian force, it was impossible for any troops to exhibit more steadiness than did this portion of Her Majesty’s cavalry ; it fell back upon its supports with the most perfect regularity under the fire of the artillery, which was quickly silenced by that of the batteries I caused to be brought into action.
Our loss amounted to only four men wounded.
The day’s march had been most wearisome, and, under a burning sun the absence of water, until we reached the insignificant but welcome stream of the Bulganac, made it to bo severely felt.
Both armies moved towards the Alma the following morning, and it was arranged that Marshal St. Arnaud should assail the enemy’s left, by crossing the river at its junction with the sea and immediately above it, and that the remainder of the French divisions should move up the heights in their front, whilst the English army should attack the right and centre of the enemy’s position.
In order that the gallantry exhibited by Her Majesty’s troops, and the difficulties they had to meet, may bo fairly estimated, I deem it right, even at the risk of being considered tedious, to endeavour to make your Grace acquainted with the position the Russians had taken up. It crossed the great road about two miles and a half from the sea, and is very strong by nature. The bold and almost precipitous range of heights, of from 350 to 400 feet, that from the sea closely border the left bank of the river, here ceases, and formed their left; and turning thence round a great amphitheatre or wide valley, terminates at a salient pinnacle, where their right rested, and whence the descent to the plain was more gradual. The front was about two miles in extent.
Across the mouth of this great opening is a lower ridge at different heights, varying from 60 to 100 feet, parallel to the river, and at distances from it of from 600 to 800 yards.
The river itself is generally fordable for troops, but its banks are extremely rugged, and in most parts steep ; the willows along it had been cut down, in order to prevent them from affording cover to the attacking party, and in fact everything had been done to deprive an assailant of any species of shelter.
In front of the position on the right bank, at about 200 yards from the Alma, is the village of Bourlioult, and near it a timber bridge, which had been partly destroyed by the enemy.
The high pinnacle and ridge before alluded to was the key of the position, and, consequently, there the greatest preparations had been made for defence.
Half way down the height, and across its front, was a trench of the extent of some hundred yards, to afford cover against an advance up the even steep slope of the hill. On the right, and a little retired, was a powerful covered battery, armed with heavy guns, which flanked the whole of the right of the position.
Artillery, at the same time, was posted at the points that best commanded the passage of the river and its approaches generally.
On the slopes of these hills (forming a sort of table land) were placed dense masses of the enemy’s infantry, whilst on the heights above was his great reserve, the whole amounting, it is supposed, to between 45,000 and 50,000 men.
The combined armies advanced on the same alignment, Her Majesty s troops in contiguous double columns, with the front of two divisions covered by light infantry and a troop of horse artillery ; the Second Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir De Lacy Evans, forming the right, and touching the left of the Third Division of the French army, under His Imperial Highness

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
103
Prince Napoleon, and the Light Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown, the left; the first being supported by the Third Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir Richard England, and the last by the First Division, commanded by Lieutenant-General His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge.
The Fourth Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir George Cathcart, and the cavalry, under Major-General the Earl of Lucan, were held in reserve, to protect the left flank and real - against large bodies of the enemy’s cavalry which had been seen in those directions.
On approaching to near the fire of the guns, which soon became extremely formidable, the two leading divisions deployed into line, and advanced to attack the front, and the supporting divisions followed the movement. Hardly had this taken place, when the village of Bourliouk, immediately opposite the centre, was fired by the enemy at all points, creating a continuous blaze for 300 yards, obscuring their position, and rendering a passage through it impracticable. Two regiments of Brigadier-General Adams’ brigade, part of Sir De Lacy Evans’ division, had, in consequence, to pass the river at a deep and difficult ford to the right, under a sharp fire, whilst his first brigade, under Major-General Pennefatlier, and the remaining regiment of Brigadier- General Adams, crossed to the left of the conflagration, opposed by the enemy’s artillery from the heights above, and pressed on towards the left of their position with the utmost gallantry and steadiness.
In the meanwhile, the Light Division, under Sir George Brown, effected the passage of the Alma in his immediate front. The banks of the river itself were, from their rugged and broken nature, most serious obstacles, and the vineyards, through which the troops had to pass, and the trees which the enemy had felled, created additional impediments, rendering every species of formation, under a galling fire, nearly an impossibility. Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown advanced against the enemy under great disadvantages.
In this difficult operation he nevertheless persevered, and the first brigade, under Major- General Codrington, succeeded in carrying a redoubt, materially aided by the judicious and steady manner in which Brigadier-General Buller moved on the left flank, and by the advance of four companies of the Rifle Brigade, under Major Norcott, who promises to be a distinguished officer °f light troops.
The heavy fire of grape and musketry, however, to which the troops were exposed, and the losses consequently sustained by the 7th, 23d, and 33d regiments, obliged this brigade partially to relinquish its hold.
Ry this time, however, the Duke of Cambridge had succeeded in crossing the river, and had moved up in support, and a brilliant advance of the brigade of Foot Guards, under Major-General -‘mntinck, drove the enemy back, and secured the final possession of the work.
The Highland Brigade, under Major-General Sir Colin Campbell, advanced in admirable order a nd steadiness up the high ground to the left, and in co-operation with the Guards ; and Major- General Pennefather’s brigade, which had been connected with the right of the Light Division, forced the enemy completely to abandon the position they had taken such pains to defend and secure.
The 95th regiment, immediately on the right of the Royal Fusiliers in the advance, suffered Gr fually wit]} that corps an immense loss.
The aid of the Royal Artillery in all these operations was most effectual. The exertions of the e m officers and the captains of troops and batteries to get the guns into action, were unceasing, the precision of their fire materially contributed to the great results of the day. t Gmutenant-General Sir Richard England brought his division to the immediate support of the ^ r °ops i n advance, and Lieutenant-General the Honourable Sir George Cathcart was actively n & a ged in watching the left flank.
le nature of the ground did not admit of the employment of the cavalry under the Earl of man ; hut they succeeded in taking some prisoners at the close of the battle.
Appendix No. 8.

104
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 8.
In the details of these operations, which I have gone into as far as the space of a despatch would allow, your Grace will perceive that the services in which the general and other officers of the army were engaged were of no ordinary character ; and I have great pleasure in submitting them for your Grace’s most favourable consideration.
The mode in which Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown conducted his division, under the most tiying circumstances, demands the expression of my warmest approbation. The fire to which his division was subjected, and the difficulties he had to contend against, afford no small proof that his best energies were applied to the successful discharge of his duty.
I must speak in corresponding terms of Lieutenant-General Sir De Lacy Evans, who likewise conducted his division to my perfect satisfaction, and exhibited equal coolness and judgment in carrying out a most difficult operation.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge brought his division into action in support of the Light Division with great ability, and had for the first time an opportunity of showing the enemy his devotion to Her Majesty, and to the profession of which he is so distinguished a member.
My. best thanks are due to Lieutenant-General Sir R. England, Lieutenant-General the Honourable Sir George Cathcart, and Lieutenant-General the Earl of Lucan, for their cordial assistance wherever it could be afforded ; and I feel it my duty especially to recommend to your Grace’s notice the distinguished conduct of Major-General Bentinck, Major-General Sir Colin Campbell, Major-General Pennefather, Major-General Codrington, Brigadier-General Adams, and Brigadier-General Buller.
In the affair of the previous day, Major-General the Earl of Cardigan exhibited the utmost spirit and coolness, and kept his brigade under perfect command.
The manner in which Brigadier-General Strangways directed the Artillery, and exerted himself to bring it forward, met my entire satisfaction.
Lieutenant-General Sir John Burgoyne was constantly by my side, and rendered me, by his counsel and advice, the most valuable assistance ; and the Commanding Royal Engineer, Brigadier- General Tylden, was always at hand to carry out any service I might direct him to undertake. I deeply regret to say that he has since fallen a victim to cholera, as has Major Wellesley, who was present in the affair of the previous day, notwithstanding that he was then suffering from serious illness. He had, during the illness of Major-General Lord de Ros, acted for him in the most efficient manner. I cannot speak too highly of Brigadier-General Estcourt, Adjutant- General, or of Brigadier-General Airey, who, in the short time he has conducted the duties of the Quartermaster-General, has displayed the greatest ability, as well as aptitude for the office.
I am much indebted to my military secretary, Lieutenant-Colonel Steele, Major Lord Burg- hersh, and the officers of my personal staff, for the zeal, intelligence, and gallantry they all, without exception, displayed.
Lieutenant Derriman, R.N., the commander of the Caradoc, accompanied me during the whole of the operation, and rendered me an essential service, by a close observation of the euemy’s- movements, which his practised eye enabled him accurately to watch.
I lament to say that Lieutenant-Colonel Lagondie, who was attached to my head quarters by the Emperor of the French, fell into the enemy’s hands on the 19th, on his return from Prince Napoleon’s division, where he had obligingly gone, at my request, with a communication to his Imperial Highness.
This misfortune is deeply regretted, both by myself and the officers of my personal staff.
The other officer placed with me under similar circumstances, Major Vico, afforded me all the assistance in his power, sparing no exertion to be of use.
I cannot omit to make known to your Grace the cheerfulness with which the regimental officers of the army have submitted to most unusual privations.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
105
My anxiety to bring into the country every cavalry and infantry soldier who was available, prevented me from embarking their baggage animals, and these officers have with them at this moment nothing but what they can carry, and they, equally with the men, are without tents or covering of any kind. I have not heard a single murmur. All seem impressed with the necessity of the arrangement; and they feel, I trust, satisfied that I shall bring up their bat horses at the earliest moment.
The conduct of the troops has been admirable. When it is considered that they have suffered severely from sickness during the last two months ; that, since they landed in the Crimea, they have been exposed to the extremes of wet, cold, and heat; that the daily toil to provide themselves with water has been excessive, and that they have been pursued by cholera to the very battle-field, I do not go beyond the truth in declaring that they merit the highest commendation. In the ardour of attack they forgot all they had endured, and displayed that high courage, that gallant spirit, for which the British soldier is ever distinguished, and under the heaviest fire they maintained the same determination to conquer, as they had exhibited before they went into action.
I should be wanting in my duty, my Lord Duke, if I did not express to your Grace, in the most earnest manner, my deep feeling of gratitude to the officers and men of the Royal Navy for the invaluable assistance they afforded the Army upon this as on every occasion where it could be brought to bear upon our operations. They watched the progress of the day with the most intense anxiety ; and, as the best way of evincing their participation in our success and their sympathy in the sufferings of the wounded, they never ceased, from the close of the battle till we left the ground this morning, to provide for the sick and wounded, and to carry them down to the beach, a labour in which some of the officers even volunteered to participate, an act which I shall never cease to recollect with the warmest thankfulness. I mention no names, fearing I might omit some who ought to be spoken of; but none who were associated with us spared any exertion they could apply to so sacred a duty.
Sir Edmund Lyons, who had charge of the whole, was, as always, most prominent in rendering assistance, and providing for emergencies.
I inclose the return of killed and wounded. It is, I lament to say, very large ; but I hope, all circumstances considered, that it will be felt that no life was unnecessarily exposed, and that such an advantage could not be achieved without a considerable sacrifice.
I cannot venture to estimate the amount of the Russian loss. I believe it to have been great, and such is the report in the country.
The number of prisoners who are not hurt is small; but the wounded amount to 800 or 900. Two general officers, Major-Generals Karganoff and Shokanoff, fell into our hands. The former is very badly wounded.
I will not attempt to describe the movements of the French army—that will be done by an abler hand ; but it is due to them to say that their operations were eminently successful, and that, u nder the guidance of their distinguished commander, Marshal St. Arnaud, they manifested the utmost gallantry, the greatest ardour for the attack, and the high military qualities for which they ai ’e so famed.
This despatch will be delivered to your Grace by Major Lord Burghersh, who is capable of affording you the fullest information, and whom I beg to recommend to your especial notice.
I have, &c. (Signed) Raglan.
Appendix No. 8.
l.
o

106 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 9.
Appendix No. 9.
Prince Mexchikoff’s Despatch of the Battle of the Arw>
Extract from the Journal of Prince Menchikoff, 20th September 1854.
(Translated from the “Journal de St. Petersbourgh ” of the 25th October 1854.)
Tiie journal of the military operations in the Crimea, which Prince Menchikoff sent to us, mentions the following events as having occurred subsequently to the 13th September :—
When the Prince, on the 13th September, first obtained information that a numerous hostile fleet had been sighted at Cape Lukull, he concentrated on the banks of the Alma all the troops under his command. While these were marching to that place from various parts of the peninsula, the English, French, and Turkish troops disembarked on the 14tli, near the Salt Lakes to the south of Eupatoria, where they pitched their camp, and remained for several days. Not until the 19th did they attempt any extensive reconnoissance. The 2d brigade of the 17th Division, the 2d brigade of the 6tli Light Cavalry Division, and 9 sotnias of Cossacks, with a mounted battery of the Don, went to meet th.e enemy, who retired to the Bulganac after a short skirmish, while our troops returned to the principal position on the Alma. On the 20th September, Prince Menchikoff took up his position on the left bank of the Alma, with 42 battalions, 16 squadrons, and 84 pieces of artillery ; viz.:—
8 battalions and 16 guns of the 14th Infantry Division.
16 „ 36 „ 16th „
12 „ 24 „ 17th
4 „ of the reserve brigade, 13tli „
1 (6tli) battalion of tirailleurs.
1 (6tli) „ Sappers and Miners.
2 brigades of the 6th Light Cavalry Division (hussars).
The light mounted battery No. 12, and battery No. 4. of the artillery of the Don.
The centre of the position rested on the steep slope towards the Alma, opposite to the village Bourliouk. The left wing occupied a height about three versts from the sea. The right wing was the weakest point of the position. The right bank of the river, the village of Bourliouk, and the nearest vineyards were occupied by tirailleurs. Behind the centre stood three infantry regiments (Volhynia, Minsk, and Moscow), with two light foot batteries as a reserve ; on the right wing two regiments of hussars with the two mounted batteries, supported by the Jiiger regiment Uglitch. A battalion of the regiment Minsk had been sent to the village of Lukull, which lay in rear of the left wing, and close to the sea.
The enemy advanced towards the Alma about noon, and attacked our position with great vigour. His right wing was composed of the French, supported by the Turks ; the left wing of the English. Both wings advanced with great steadiness, and deployed in line, having a close chain of well-armed skirmishers in front. Our tirailleurs received the enemy with a well directed fire, and thus a hot skirmish soon spread along the entire front. From the very commencement of the action', the enemy’s riflemen did great injury with the conical balls they employed. Several of our commanders were the first to fall, and this greatly influenced the future course of events.
After the enemy had got possession of the vineyards, he reformed into column,* and crossed the river in that order, notwithstanding the heavy artillery fire we directed upon him. At this period,
* This does not allude to the British troops, as part of the 2d Division only crossed in column, -while the whole remainder of the British army crossed in line.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEG-E OF SEBASTOPOL. 107
Prince Menchikoff ordered his first line to retake the bank of the river, and deploy so as to charge the enemy with the bayonet and force him back into the river. Our battalions, with their leaders at the head, charged several times with fixed bayonets, but they were opposed by so overpowering a file fire that they had to retire, after suffering a great loss. The enemy’s infantry bore with firmness the heavy artillery fire which we poured upon them. Their deployed battalions laid down on the ground, and took advantage of the undulations, to protect themselves from our fire, whilst their riflemen picked off our gunners. One of our batteries lost by these means all the men serving the guns, as well as all the horses.
During the time that this severe contest occurred at our centre and right wing, the left wing, notwithstanding its great distance from the sea, was greatly disturbed by the fire of the allied fleets. Under the protection of this fire, a French column, with African troops and Zouaves at its head, crossed the Alma near the sea, and climbed up the steep slope of the cliffs by a small footpath. The moment these troops appeared, threatening our flank, and almost taking us in reaiy Prince Menchikolf ordered the regiments Minsk and Moscow of the reserve, with some squadrons of hussars, to advance against them; but ere these troops could arrive, the French had placed on these heights a battery in position, and by their rapid fire compelled our advancing columns to retreat. The left wing having thus been turned, it became impossible to maintain, for any length of time, the position of our centre and right wing, where heavy losses had already occurred. The troops, therefore, commenced to retreat towards the Katcha, which movement was covered by the hussars. To this movement, combined with the great loss sustained by the enemy, we may, no doubt, attribute our not being pursued. The enemy remained at the Alma, and we crossed the Katcha about midnight. Both parties suffered severely in this sanguinary struggle. We have 1,762 killed, 2,315 wounded, and 405 contusions. Amongst the former are 45 officers, of all ranks. The loss of the allies cannot be stated with certainty. Some reports state it to be greater than ours, but we may reasonably assume that they, as the attacking party, suffered as much from our fire as we did from theirs.
Appendix No. 10.
Proposition for the well known Flank March, submitted to Lord Raglan on the 21st September, i.e. the Morning after the Battle of the Alma.
Camp on the Alma, 21st September 1854.
I would submit, that unless some impeding circumstances occur which cannot now be foreseen, Oie combined armies should at once move round to the south side of Sebastopol, instead of attacking Fort Constantine, by which the following advantages may be anticipated :—
1. That instead of attacking a position naturally strong and of limited extent, to which a powerful support will be given by Fort Constantine, which is a permanent fortification though by 110 means formidable if insulated, the enemy would have to defend a very extensive line, divided ^7 valleys, and, from every information, very imperfectly if at all intrenched, and which would probably be forced rapidly.
2- As the advance is from the north, our attack will rather be expected on that side and not on south.
Even supposing Fort Constantine to be taken, although it will open the shipping, dockyard, to a cannonading, it does not insure entire possession of the important establishments until a fter a second operation, which may still require to move round to the south, while the enemy ^rdl retain to the last free and open communication to the place.
o 2
Appendix No. 9.
Appendix No. 10.

108
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 10.
Appendix No. 11.
4. There is every reason to believe, from the appearance of the maps and from what may be expected to be the formation of the ground, that there is a very strong position between the sea at Balaklava and along the valley of the Tchernaya, that would most efficiently cover the allied armies during the operation, but is too extensive to be taken up by the garrison.
5. That this communication with the fleet, which is in fact our base of operations, would be far more secure and commodious by the small harbour of Balaklava and the bays near Cape Chersonse, than on the open coast to the north, and with the advantage of a good road from Balaklava to the attacks, and a very easy country to pass to them from the bays near Cape Chersonse.
6. Under ordinary circumstances, such a movement would have the effect of exposing the communication of the army to be cut oflf; but in this case, the idea is to abandon the communication from the north altogether, and establish a new one to the shipping in the south, which would be moved round for that purpose.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 11.
Observations on the Fleet in Sebastopol, made on 22d September 1854, by Captain L. T. Jones, C.B., of Her Majesty’s Ship Sampson.
Moored across the entrance of the harbour, from north to south, are the following vessels :—
1, a frigate at northern extreme.
2, a two-decker.
3, a three-decker, with round stern.
4, a two-decker.
5, a two-decker.
6, a two-decker, without masts, quite light, and appears to be newly coppered.
7, a large frigate.
Artillery Creek:
The topgallant-masts of these are on deck, and sails unbent.
The ship without masts is lying across Artillery Creek ; inside is a two-decker ready for sea, and bearing an admiral’s flag at the mizen.
Head of Harbour.
The ships at the head of the harbour, which had hitherto been lying with their broadsides to the entrance, are now lying with their heads out.
1, on the north, a two-decker.
2, a two-decker.
3, a two-decker.
4, a two-decker.
5, a two-decker.
6, a three-decker, at the entrance of the Dockyard Creek.
7, a three-decker, bearing an admiral’s flag at the fore. Above these are two ships ; one appears to be a line-of-battle ship, and the other a frigate.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
109
Steamers.
Appendix
Five steamers under the northern shore. Three small steamers at the head of the harbour, and four in Careening Bay.
General Observations.
No. 11.
Dockyard Creek shuts in with northern fort, bearing S.E. ^ E. Observed about 500 infantry marching towards the town from the direction of Balaklava.
Noticed about sixty men employed on brow of signal hill, and carrying mould from brink of cliff to square fort.
3.45 p.m. —Cape Constantine and ships in one bearing, S. f W.
Appendix No. 12.
ArPENDIX No. 12.
Report of the Sinking of the Russian Ships at the Entrance of the Harbour of
Sebastopol.
Sir, Britannia, off the Katclia, 24th September.
In my letter of yesterday, I reported the extraordinary change that had taken place in the position hitherto maintained by the enemy’s fleet in the harbour of Sebastopol, and I now beg you -will acquaint the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that the same afternoon, on the a Ppearance of the allied fleets in sight of Sebastopol, the whole of the vessels moored across the W-bour were sunk by the Russians, leaving their masts more or less above water, and I went last evening to the mouth of the harbour to assure myself of this singular event.
Captain Drummond has examined the harbour this morning, and reports that the lower mast-heads of the ships are generally above water ; that the passage is closed, except perhaps a “mall space near the shoal off the north battery, and the double booms inside are thus rendered ^We secure.
Eight sail of the line are moored east and west, inside of these booms, and three of the ships ai 'e heeled over, to give their guns more elevation to sweep over the land to the northward. ******
I have &c.
(Signed) J. W. D. Dundas,
Vice-Admiral.
Appendix No. 13.
Appendix No. 13.
Memoranda for the Guidance of the Engineers in constructing their Works of Attack.
^ No. 1.
Camp before Sebastopol, 1st October 1854.
s right and left of the operations to be undertaken by the British, being so completely
of P^tcd by deep ravines, and so distant from one another, Captain Gordon will take charge ill i^°. se ex tending from the extreme right to the ridge now occupied by the Fourth Division, c USl ve, and Captain Chapman will take all from that ground to the British left.

110
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 13.
It has been proposed to the General commanding, that the several divisions should throw out twice a day, at 3 p.m. and 8 p.m., that is simultaneously, for mutual support, strong parties, as far to the front as the natural cover afforded by the valleys will allow, with a look-out on the ridges, as well to keep the enemy habitually within his works, as to enable the officers of Engineers to observe closely the best sites for the batteries of which advantage should be taken.
Each director will now at once study the nature of the operations which will be best for the object in view, that is, thoroughly to cannonade all the most important defences from a prior position, and then assault the place.
The shipping which can possibly bear upon our works or approaches should be particularly attended to ; they will suffer dreadfully from shell guns, which may be as far as at 1,000 or 1,200 yards range, and any disaster to them must cause dismay in the garrison.
Towers and masonry walls may be readily destroyed by powerful batteries, at 700 or 800 yards range, and more uninterruptedly and more conveniently at that than at any shorter range.
On the right, the great tower (the Malakoff) appears to be the key to the whole position, and to be the only work to prevent an assault at any time. A good site or sites for not less than eight guns (of which one or two at most should be shell guns) must be sought for, to demolish that tower, and a trench or parallel must be run across the whole front, extending from a point facing the earthen redoubt or fleche* to a point opposite the tower.
A green hill in front of the redoubt seems to afford much natural cover ; the parallels should be close to the edge of the ravine, so as to command it. Artificial cover must be made to this parallel by a trench, wherever there may not be natural cover by the ravines.
There is a plateau exactly opposite to the tower (Gordon’s Hill), which is well situated to batter it from, but it seems to be somewhat nearer than desirable, and, what is of more consequence, to be rocky. It is to be hoped some more convenient situation may be found, but it will be necessary that the guns see very clearly as far down as the line of loopholes.
On the green hill, probably, two batteries of four shell guns each, may greatly destroy the faces of the redoubt by an oblique fire, and returns right and left for two guns each, may have useful co-operating action. Perhaps, from this hill the frigate at the upper end of the creek may be exposed.
Each captain director will report to Head Quarters the result of their observations and propositions ; they will make an estimate of the necessary tools and materials, not relying much on any great supply of fascines or gabions ; and will propose a place of deposit or depot, for their respective attacks. Four mortars might be usefully placed on the left of the right attack, near the green hill:
1. To throw shells on the tower and earth-work round it.
2. To throw shells into the redoubt.
3. For general application.
On the Left attack, among other objects, a very important one will be to impede communication across the main inlet, by sweeping it from a battery which at the same time will enfilade and command the important line between the water and the town.
Both directors should, as soon as they can, inform the authorities of the Artillery whereabouts the batteries are likely to be, in order that they may consider their arrangements ; and, when possible, the artillery officers should be consulted.
The intermediate heights should be well examined, to see if they present any advantageous sites for batteries ; perhaps against the ships they may.
(Signed) J. F. Bcrgoyne.
* The Redan.

I
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. Ill
Officers
of Engineers
conduct the covering
No. 2.
Camp before Sebastopol, 7tli October 1854. should, under instructions from the two directors of the attack, party on guard to the proper position, so as to be there as soon after dark as possible ; but that they may be unseen from the place, picquets or sentries, only, are to be placed in front of the work, who should lie down, and be instructed to watch the front; that if one or two individuals approach, they should remain quiet and let them pass, and only fire or give an alarm if there be larger parties, which is, however, not to be expected the first night. The remainder of the guard will be in rear of the work, under cover, well on the alert, and with instructions to charge at once any sortie in force ; although such an attempt is not to be expected this night, the guard should always be prepared for it, so as not to be taken by surprise.
The officers of the parties, the generals being cognizant of it, should bo informed, that on this occasion the work (owing to the distance of the enemy's batteries) is not to be considered by any means as one of much danger, and that they must keep their men up to it accordingly ; if a fire should be opened upon it, such fire must necessarily be very wild, and not at all likely to be attended with many casualties ; and being a military advance, and very essential, the work is to he continued, notwithstanding, with spirit, and if not effected the first night, it will be more difficult subsequently. There should be some stretchers with the guard, in case of any casualties to the guard of the trenches, or to the working parties.
With a view to the ulterior operations, and that the British force may probably have to storm Jic works in our front, between the Dockyard Creek and Malakoff Tower, any effect that can be Produced on that tower will be of far more value than a fire on the two ships on our right; it is, therefore, most necessary to appropriate four of the heavy naval guns, which are to be placed in the battery on the extreme right, to batter the tower and the works adjoining it.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 14.
General Orders for the Assault on Sebastopol.
Before Sebastopol, 16th October 1854.
Memoranda for Generals of Divisions,—for the Commanding Officer of Artillery,—for the °mnianding Officer of Royal Engineers.
t. The fire upon Sebastopol will commence to-morrow morning, about half-past six, from the re Rch and English batteries, in co-operation with the combined fleets.
2- The precise moment of opening the fire, however, will be indicated by the successive dis- ftav ge of three mortars from the centre of the works of the French army.
The troops off duty will remain in their respective camps ready to fall in at a moment’s ll0 tice, without their knapsacks, great coats, or blankets.
T The horses will be attached to the field batteries, oflf ' There will be with each division, parties of Sappers, consisting of twenty men under an
cer 0 f Engineers, ready to carry picks and shovels, crowbars and sledges, bags of powder
Pared, felling-axes, and scaling ladders.
Of A division will also have with it a detachment of twenty artillerymen, under an officer
t Ellery, with pockets and spikes for guns (the latter are only to be used in the event of the 0Q P S having to retire from a battery).
ArrENDix No. 13.
ArrEXDix No. 14.

112
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 14.
Appendix No. 15.
7. The arrangement for collecting the several articles above enumerated, will be carried out by the officer of Engineers and the officer of Artillery.
8. The generals of division will make every arrangement for the ready communication of the troops with the reserve musket ammunition, which, however, need not be placed upon the horses until ordered.
9. Previously to the opening of the fire, all advanced picquets, with the exception of the men selected to fire into the embrasures, will be withdrawn under the direction of the general officer on duty in the trenches, and retire under cover to their respective camps.
10. The covering parties in the trenches will be kept clear of the batteries, and such of them as cannot find cover in the trenches, will be moved to such positions in the rear or flank, as will ensure their being at hand to protect the batteries, whilst they will be themselves screened from the enemy’s fire.
These covering parties will be moved, as the commanding officer of the party may see occasion in consequence of the fire of the enemy. Where the whole trench is occupied by guns, the covering parties must be placed, as above stated, under adequate cover in the immediate neighbourhood.
11. The working parties will remain in the trenches, or be withdrawn, according to the discretion of the commanding Engineer.
12. As it is possible that the field batteries may be required to move, the senior artillery officer of the division and the officer commanding each battery, will make themselves acquainted with the communications to their right and left.
13. The cavalry, under Lieutenant-General the Earl of Lucan, and the troops of all aims, under Major-General Sir Colin Campbell, British and Turkish, posted for the defence of Balaklava, will be held in readiness throughout the day to act on the shortest notice.
14. The meat for the men’s dinner will be cooked as early as possible to-morrow morning, in case of the army having to move forward.
15. In the event of an advance, the Commander of the Forces particularly requests the general officers commanding divisions and brigades, the commanding officers of regiments, and the officers commanding companies, to impress upon the men the urgent necessity of maintaining their formation and keeping their order.
The success of any operation they may be called upon to undertake, their honour, and indeed their own individual safety, depend upon their being under complete control, ready to repel any attack, or to overcome any resistance that may be opposed to them.
16. Lord Raglan will be at the Quarries in front of the Third (Sir Richard England’s) Division.
17. General Canrobert at the Maison d’Eau, on the left of the British line and on the right of the French position.
(Signed) Raglan.
Appendix No. 15.
Royal Engineer Brigade Orders for the Assault on Sebastopol.
After Brigade Orders, 16th October 1854,
11 o’clock P.M.
1. Wnn reference to paragraphs 5 and 7 of the Memoranda for Generals of Divisions of the 16th instant:—
The camp of the Right attack will furnish three parties of Sappers, consisting of one noncommissioned officer and twenty privates each, to the Light, First, and Second Divisions, under

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
113
the under-mentioned. officers. To the Light Division, Lieutenant Ravenliill, R.E.; First Division, Lieutenant Baynes, R.E.; Second Division, Lieutenant Graves, R.E.
The camp of the Left attack will, in like manner, furnish two parties of the same strength : Third Division under Lieutenant Philips, Fourth Division under Lieutenant Donnelly.
Each party of Sappers to he furnished with the under-mentioned tools :—
One sledge-hammer.
One pin-maul.
Two light crowbars.
Two felling axes.
Two broad axes.
Two powder bags, with spike-gimblets, portfire and slow match, a few spikes, and some sandbags.
Eight picks.
Eight shovels.
2. An armed party of the Lino (20 privates) has been applied for, from'each division, to be attached to each officer of Engineers above named, to carry scaling ladders, as follows :
12 ft. length - - - 4
6 ft. - - - 2
3. The parties of Sappers are to parade at their respective parks to receive their tools, &c., at 6 A.M., after which they will be held in readiness, with their arms slung, to join their respective divisions at any moment required.
4. The parties of the Line, to carry ladders, will probably arrive at the parks about 8 a.m.
5. With reference to paragraph 14. of the General Memoranda, the meat for the Sappers’ dinners should be cooked as early as possible to-morrow morning.
6. Officers in charge of parties will report themselves early in the morning to the Assistant Adjutant-Generals of tlieir respective divisions, to receive orders as to the movement of their Respective parties.
7. Paragraph 3. of the previous Order of this day’s date is cancelled.
(Signed) II. Tylden, Brevet-Major, R.E., and Brigade-Major.
Appendix No. 15.
Appendix No. 16.
Appendix No. 16.
Memorandum from Admiral Dun das, respecting the Attack of the Sea Batteries of Sebastopol by the Allied Fleets.
Britannia, off the Katclia,
^i bear Lord Raglan, Half-past 10 p.m., 16th October 1854.
I am anxious not to detain Mr. Maxse a moment, and to assure you that we shall all do ° Ur best to 'effect the great object in view. The shot we fire will be seventy guns from our I* 0r t broadside, reserving the remainder for the day of the assault. It is now 101; I have made le Bight signal to inform the different ships of the communication I have received, as we were
Hot
Prepared for the attack taking place before the 18th.
Believe me, &c.
(Signed) J. R. D. Dundas.
U.S—J have had a communication find be does
not intend commencing
(.since writing the foregoing) from Admiral Hamelin, and his fire before 10 or 11 o’clock, as his shot would not
i.
p

114
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix last long, and if expended early, the enemy might think he was beaten off. ' I mention this to ®'°- lc - explain to your Lordship why the fleets do not begin their fire early in the day.
’ . a verbal message was sent to me from Admiral Hamelin, that he had sent a letter to General
Canrobert, on his being told that the attack would he to-morrow, that the French battery near the Quarantine harbour was not ready, and requesting to postpone the attack for another day.
Since that, he, Admiral Hamelin, has named half-past 10 for his commencing the attack. The
signal from the batteries will be our guide, as to whether the day is put off or not.
Appendix APPENDIX No. 17-
No. 17. -
Memorandum on the more complete Concentration of the Artillery Fire against
Sebastopol. <
Camp before Sebastopol, 18th October 1834.
In order to fix upon some principle of attack upon Sebastopol, more defined than has been hitherto laid down, I would suggest, that while our offensive operations and batteries should continue, as hitherto, to embrace the entire contour, from in front of the great tower opposite to our right, to the sea near Quarantine Bay on our left, the real front on which should be made the greatest efforts to penetrate, or on which to make a lodgment, should be from the Flagstaff Redoubt on the French side, to the commanding salient Redan or Redoubt* in front of the !British: that this will effect one great trouee into the place, dividing the enemy’s position and resources in two, and probably lead to a rapid fall of the whole of the works between the Flagstaff Redoubt and the sea, which works would be turned.
* Should this view be concurred in, the efforts of the batteries should be directed accordingly ;
so that, while partially bearing on other parts of the enemy’s lines, particularly on those which give much collateral support to this front of attack, they should, nevertheless, use their main exertions to the reduction of the batteries that have the greatest bearing upon the interval between this proposed front of attack, that is, upon all the defences between the salient angles of the Flagstaff and the Redan in front of the British.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix Appendix No. 18.
No. 18. _
Extract of a Memorandum given to Lord Raglan on 18th October 1854. v ■#
Royal Engineers.
I would call Lord Raglan’s attention to the great and successful exertions of the Royal Engineers and Sappers, under very trying circumstances. The rocky soil presents the extreme of difficulties to the establishment of trenches and batteries ; the very act of obtaining cover in
* We have already stated, in page 42, that the attack of the Redan was adopted at this period, not from choice hut from necessity, as it was impossible to approach the Malakoff Tower (although represented by the Engineers to be the proper point of attack) until after the Battle oflnkerman on the 5th November, when the withdrawal of the Russian outposts from the Inkerman ridge gave the allies entire possession of the ground that commanded the access to the tower. It was not until then that circumstances admitted of their constructing approaches towards the tower.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
115
one night, in such soil, which was done on every occasion, requires a great effort, and to construct in it substantial batteries, still more.
The proportion of good platforms and stuff for magazines embarked, was too insignificant to be worthy of notice ; these objects had to be prepared (and for a very heavy description of ordnance) from the irregular masses of timber and plank that could be procured from buildings pulled down ; notwithstanding all these difficulties, the work has been pushed on with rapidity ; the substantial nature of the parapet has been proved by the few casualties incurred ; and the embrasures and platforms have required, during the very heavy cannonade of yesterday, less repairs and adjustment than I have ever been witness to on similar occasions ; and no accident has occurred to any magazine, although some shells have been observed to explode on them ; all proving the substantial goodness of the works executed.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 19.
Return showing the Number of Rounds per Gun remaining in the Siege Train.
Camp, 20th October 1854.
Nature of Gun.
Round
Shot.
Hollow
Shot.
Common
Shells.
Common
Case.
Remarks.
24-pounders - -
655
_
37
8-inch -
_
92
246
25
10-inch mortars
_
— ^
245
—
5^-inch mortars
100
(Signed) Strangways,
Brigadier-General,
Royal Horse Artillery.
Appendix No. 20.
Lord Raglan’s Despatch to the Duke of Newcastle.
My Lord Duke, Before Sebastopol, 28th October 1854.
I have the honour to acquaint your Grace that the enemy attacked the position in the front of Balaklava at an early hour on the morning of the 25th instant.
The low range of heights that runs across the plain at the bottom of which the town is placed, ^as protected by four small redoubts, hastily constructed. Three of these had guns in them, and 011 a higher hill, in front of the village of Kamara, in advance of our right flank, was established a Work of somewhat more importance.*
The several redoubts were garrisoned by Turkish troops, no other force being at my disposal 01 their occupation.
The 93rd Highlanders was the only British regiment in the plain, with the exception of a part n a battalion of detachments composed of weakly men, and a battery of artillery belonging to the lll d Division ; and on the heights behind our right were placed the Marines, obligingly landed
r 2
Appendix No. 18.
Appendix No. 19.
Appendix No. 20.

116 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix from the fleet by Vice-Admiral Dundas. All these, including the Turkish troops, •were under
N°. 20. |j ie immediate orders of Major-General Sir Colin Campbell, whom I had taken from the First
Division with the 93rd.
As soon as I was apprised of this movement of the enemy, I felt compelled to withdraw from before Sebastopol the First and Fourth Divisions, commanded by Lieutenant-Generals His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge and the Honourable Sir George Cathcart, and bring them down into the plain; and General Canrobert subsequently reinforced these troops with the First Division of French infantry and the Chasseurs d’Afrique.
The enemy commenced their operation by attacking the work on our side of the village of Kamara, and, after very little resistance, carried it.
They likewise got possession of the three others in contiguity to it, being opposed only in one, and that but for a very short space of time.
The farthest of the three they did not retain, but the immediate abandonment of the others, enabled them to take possession of the guns in them, amounting in the whole to seven. Those in the three lesser forts were spiked by the one English artilleryman who was in each.
The Russian cavalry at once advanced, supported by artillery, in very great strength. One portion of them assailed the front and right flank of the 93rd, and were instantly driven back by the vigorous and steady tire of that distinguished regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Ainslie.
The other and larger mass turned towards Her Majesty’s heavy cavalry, and afforded Brigadier- General Scarlett, under the guidance of Lieutenant-General the Earl of Lucan, the opportunity of inflicting upon them a most signal defeat. The ground was very unfavourable for the attack of our dragoons, but no obstacle was sufficient to check their advance, and they charged into the Russian column, which soon sought safety in flight, although far superior in numbers.
The charge of this brigade was one of the most successful I ever witnessed, was never for a moment doubtful, and is in the highest degree creditable to Brigadier-General Scarlett and the officers and men engaged in it.
As the enemy withdrew from the ground which they had momentarily occupied, I directed the cavalry, supported by the Fourth Division under Lieutenant-General Sir George Cathcart, to move forward, and take advantage of any opportunity to regain the heights ; and not having been able to accomplish this immediately, and it appearing that an attempt was making to remove the captured guns, the Earl of Lucan was desired to advance rapidly, follow the enemy in their retreat, and try to prevent them from effecting their objects.
In the meanwhile the Russians had time to reform on their own ground, with artillery in front and upon their flanks.
From , some misconception of the instruction to advance, the Lieutenant-General considered that he was bound to attack at all hazards, and he accordingly ordered Major-General the Earl of Cardigan to move forward with the Light Brigade.
This order was obeyed in the most spirited and gallant manner. Lord Cardigan charged with the utmost vigour, attacked a battery which was firing upon the advancing squadrons, and, having passed beyond it, engaged the Russian cavalry in its rear ; but there his troops were assailed by artillery and infantry, as well as cavalry, and necessarily retired, after having committed much havoc upon the enemy.
They effected this movement without haste or confusion ; but the loss they have sustained has, I deeply lament, been very severe in officers, men, and horses, only counterbalanced by the brilliancy of the attack, and the gallantry, order, and discipline which distinguished it, forming a striking contrast to the conduct of the enemy’s cavalry, which had previously been engaged with the Heavy Brigade.
The Chasseurs d’Afrique advanced on our left, and gallantly charged a Russian battery, which checked its fire for a time, and thus rendered the British cavalry an essential service.
I have the honour to enclose copies of Sir Colin Campbell’s and the Earl of Lucan’s reports.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 117
I beg to draw your Grace’s attention to the terms in which Sir Colin Campbell speaks of Appendix Lieutenant-Colonel Ainslie, of the 93rd, and Captain Barker, of the Royal Artillery ; and also to No - 20 - the praise bestowed by the Earl of Lucan on Major-General the Earl of Cardigan, and Brigadier- General Scarlett, which they most fully deserve.
The Earl of Lucan not having sent me the names of the other officers who distinguished themselves, I propose to forward them by the next opportunity.
The enemy made no further movement in advance, and at the close of the day the brigade of Guards of the First Division, and the Fourth Division, returned to their original encampment, as did the French troops, with the exception of one brigade of the First Division, which General Canrobert was so good as to leave in support of Sir Colin Campbell.
The remaining regiments of the Highland Brigade also remained in the valley.
The Fourth Division had advanced close to the heights, and Sir George Catlicart caused one of the redoubts to be re-occupied by the Turks, affording them his support, and he availed himself of the opportunity to assist with his riflemen in silencing two of the enemy’s guns.
The means of defending the extensive position which had been occupied by the Turkish troops >n the morning having proved wholly inadequate, I deemed it necessary, in concurrence with General Canrobert, to withdraw from the lower range of heights, and to concentrate our force,
■which will be increased by a considerable body of seamen, to be landed from the ships under the Authority of Admiral Dundas, immediately in front of the narrow valley leading into Balaklava, an d upon the precipitous heights on our right, thus affording a narrower line of defence.
I have, &c. (Signed) Ragi.an.
Appendix No. 21.
Appendix No. 21.
Report of Prince Menciiikofe to IIis Majestt the Emperor of Russia, dated 2oth October. (From “Der Feldzug in der Krim,” /., p. 116.)
Our offensive operations against the besieging army have commenced to day, and they have ee n crowned with success.
General Liprandi had received detailed instructions to attack the intrenched camp of the fweiny, which defended the road from Balaklava to Sebastopol. These orders he executed to-day ‘ n the most brilliant manner, and four of the enemy’s redoubts, in which we took 11 * pieces ordnance, are now in our hands.
( The English cavalry, commanded by Lord Cardigan, had attacked our brigade of hussars (6th Cavalry Division) with extraordinary impetuosity, but being themselves assailed in flank by four Sc lUadrons of our combined regiment of Lancers, they were thrown back, while the artillery of the l2 th and 16th Divisions fired after them with canister, and the lancers with their carbines.
tVi
® enemy from turning General Liprandi’s position.
lcf of the 16tli Division, in
~ UilVilU^, WllUC glllg UUL llUDOUAi?, 31
® Gossacks No. 3, and cut down some of its gunners.
— j ....““’o ^... — .j/.-r —
■•■he English cavalry, while charging our hussars, succeeded in penetrating to the battery of
cavalry, while charging our hussars, succeeded in penetrating
Gur infantry lost about 300 men, in killed and wounded, during this action. The loss of the ' l Vah'y ;ui q artillery cannot as yet be stated, even approximately. General ICaletsky, com-
y, com-
The redoubts were armed only with seven pieces.

118
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
manding tlie regiment of liussars “ Prince Nicolas Maximilian ” has been wounded by a sabre cut on the ear and arm. Brigadier-General Semiakine, as well as Colonel Kriidener, who commanded the regiment “ Azoff,” led the charge of that regiment, and succeeded in taking the principal redoubt, which was defended by the Turks.
This preliminary report 1 send to Your Majesty by Captain Baron von Willebrandt, who was attached to General Liprandi’s staff. In conclusion, I beg to acquaint Your Majesty that, on the field of battle, I took the liberty to thank, in Your Majesty’s name, all the troops who took part in the action.
(Signed) Menciiikoff.
Report of General Liprandi to Prince Menciiikoff, 26th October 1854.
(Translated from “ Der Feldzug in der Krim ,” I. p. 117).
In accordance with the orders of your Highness, the troops under my command advanced on the 25th to the front of the village of Tchorgoun, and attacked the fortifications on the heights which command the valley of Kadi-Koi. According to the orders I had issued on the previous evening, the whole of the troops left the village of Tchorgoun at 5 o’clock in the morning, and debouched through two defiles. The Jiiger regiment of “ Ukrain” under General Lefutsky, with four guns of the heavy battery No. 4, and six of the light battery No. 7, advanced through the principal gorge that leads from Tchorgoun to Kadi-Koi.
These troops advanced with great steadiness, and on approaching the heights they opened fire upon the redoubts No. 1 and No. 2* They were supported by General Semiakine with the infantry regiment “ Azoff,” the 4tli battalion of the regiment “ Dniepr,” four guns of the heavy battery No. 4, and six of the light battery No. 6.
General von Gribbe, who advanced through the defile which leads into the Baidar Valley, had under his command the three first battalions of the infantry regiment “ Dniepr,” four guns of the heavy battery No. 4, and six of the light battery No. 6, a sotnia of the 53rd regiment of Don Cossacks, and a squadron of the combined Lancer regiment. He occupied the village Kamara, and sent the Cossacks in the direction of the Baidar Valley.
At the same time General Semiakine threw forward (to the left of the “ Ukrain” regiment) skirmishers of the 2nd company of the battalion of “ Tirailleurs” and the regiment “ Azoff,” who were armed with carbines, and then he rapidly advanced with the latter regiment in two lines, closely supported by his artillery. The 1st battalion of the regiment “Azoff” he placed in the third line of battle, and the fourth of the regiment “ Dniepr,” in the attacking column. Thus he approached to within 75 paces of the enemy’s fortified heights, and then gave the order to storm. The advance was rapid, and at half-past 7 o’clock the regiment had planted its colours upon the heights. One field gun and three siege guns fell into our hands. The enemy left above 170 killed in the work.
The rapidity with which this, the most important height, had been taken, as well as the approach of the regiment “ Ukrain,” induced the enemy to abandon the redoubts No. 2 and 3, which were at once occupied by our men. In the former were two, and in the latter three guns.
Colonel Skuderi, with the Jager regiment “ Odessa” and the light battery No. 7, threw himself upon redoubt No. 4, and the enemy, dismayed, did not wait to receive the attack, but evacuated the redoubt, leaving behind three guns, tents, powder magazines, and intrenching tools- Immediately after the redoubts had been taken, I ordered our troops to intrench themselves
* These redoubts are not numbered on the plan, but the numbering alluded to in this despatch is from right to left, commencing with the redoubt Canrobert as No. 1.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
119
Within them. Redoubt No. 4 was too far from our position, and I directed that it should be destroyed ; its guns were spiked, and the carriage wheels broken and thrown down the hill ; the troops engaged in this operation then resumed their order of battle.
The brigade of hussars of the 6th Light Cavalry Division under General Riyoff, which accompanied my corps, and had with them the light mounted battery No. 12 and the heavy battery of the Cossacks No. 3, was placed on the right wing.
During the advance of the troops, the Don artillery had likewise moved forward, rapidly placed itself in position, and, by a well directed lire, contributed much towards the general success °f our movements.
After we had occupied all the redoubts, I sent the cavalry, with the 1st Uralian regiment and three sotnias of the 53rd regiment of Don Cossacks, towards the enemy’s camp, which was situated on the other slope of the heights. They advanced rapidly as far as the camp, but being attacked by skirmishers on the flanks, and by English cavalry in front, they were compelled to s top, and to return to their previous position on the right wing, where they placed themselves With both flanks thrown well forward.
General Yabokritski now occupied the heights to the right of our cavalry, with the infantry 1- egiment “ Sutsdal,” three battalions of the regiment “ Vladimir,” six guns of the heavy battery -No. 1 ; four guns of the light battery, six of the 16th Artillery Brigade, two companies of the “ Tirailleur” battalion No. 6, two squadrons of the regiment of hussars “Grand Duke of Saxe- ^Veimar,” and two sotnias of the regiment of Cossacks No. 60.
Our cavalry scarcely had time to prepare for another contest, when the English cavalry, Numbering more than 2,000 men, appeared on the further slopes of the hill upon which had stood redoubt No. 4. Their fierce attack forced General Riyoff to retire by the road that leads to Tchorgoun, which movement induced the enemy to follow him. At that moment, I ordered the combined Lancer regiment, under Colonel Yeropkim, who bad joined General ttribbe from the Baidar Valley, to move towards the right wing, and to occupy a covered Position in rear of the infantry. The enemy’s attack was most pertinacious ; hq charged our cavalry in spite of the grape fired with great precision from six guns of the light battery No. 7, 111 spite of the fire of the skirmishers of the regiment “ Odessa,” and of a company of the fourth battalion of “ Tirailleurs ” that stood on the right wing, and even unheeding the artillery of General Yabokritski.
■Three squadrons of the combined Lancer regiment now attacked the front of the English cavalry. This unexpected attack, carried out with vigour and precision, met with the most Perfect success. The whole of the English cavalry retired in disorder, pursued by the lancers, ail d under a heavy fire from our batteries. They left on the field of battle 400 killed and 60 bounded, besides which we took 22 prisoners, including a superior officer.
A French squadron of the “ Chasseurs d’Afrique ” attacked General Yabokritski. They turned the left flank of the heavy battery which had been placed there, rode through the j’ r, e of skirmishers, and commenced cutting down the gunners, when General Yabokritski, e ading personally two battalions of the regiment “Vladimir,” charged them with the bayonet, a ud drove them back. Our foot Cossacks from the Black Sea, who are armed with carbines th e same as our skirmishers, pursued them with a very effective fire. The French left 10 jUen and several horses on the field. Three men and the officer leading the attack were a ken prisoners.
I observed that the enemy reinforced his left wing with fresh troops, I likewise increased right flank, and made the following disposition. One battalion of the regiment “ Dniepr ” “ C ^ u P*cd the village Kamara ; the regiment “Azoff” and the first battalion of the regiment j kbuepr ” were to defend the redoubt No. 1. One battalion of the Jiiger regiment “Ukrain” a keen left in redoubt No. 2, and another in redoubt No. 3. Close to the latter stood the
°’e of the regiment “ Odessa,” two battalions of the regiment “ Dniepr ” and one battalion
Ai'i'Kndix No. 21.

120
r>
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
a
Appekdix of tlxo Jiiger regiment “ Ukrain.” Tlie whole of the artillery occupied advantageous
N°. 21. positions. The cavalry remained in their former position, on the right wing of the infantry.
The enemy, however, did not attempt another attack, and at 4 o’clock in the afternoon he discontinued his artillery fire. Considering the strength of the position we assaulted, I do not think that our loss of infantry is considerable ; the cavalry, however, suffered severely. I enclose a hastily compiled return of losses (6 officers, 232 men killed ; 1 general, 19 officers, 292 men wounded). The success of this day I owe entirely to the spirit and judicious arrangements of the officers commanding, and to the courage and eager desire for combat exhibited by the troops. General Semiakine and his subordinate, Colonel Kriidener, who commanded the regiment “ Azoff” which captured redoubt No. 1, especially exhibited an example of courage and judicious dispositions of their troops. The attack of the regiment “Azoff” was made with eagerness, skill, and precision. Captain Kalakutski with the 2d company of the 4th battalion of “ Tirailleurs,” Lieutenant-Colonel Afanasieff, with six guns of the light battery No. 6, and Lieutenant Posnikoflf, with four guns of the heavy battery No. 4, accompanied this column; they were resolute and quick in their movements, and facilitated the capture of this redoubt. Eight guns of the light battery No. 7, which had been placed closed to the Jiiger regiment “ Odessa,” and were commanded by Captain Boyauoff, caused great loss to tliq enemy’s cavalry, during its advance and retreat, by the great precision of their fire. The commander of the 12th Brigade of Artillery, Colonel Nemofif, directed all the movements of his troops with great tact.
Colonel Guersewanoff, Adjutant-General of your Highness, and Baron Willebrandt, Captain of of a corvette, whom your Highness sent here, and who, during the entire action, remained near me, assisted greatly in conveying, with the greatest accuracy, all orders to the first line of battle.
I have the honour to send with this report the Turkish flag and standard taken in redoubt No. 1.
(Signed) Liprandi.
II
Appexdix Appendix No. 22.
No. 22.
Report of the Sortik on the 26th October.
Lieutenant- General Sir De Lacy Evans to Lord Raglan.
2d Division, Heights of the Tchernaya,
My Lord, 27th October 1854.
Yesterday the enemy attacked this division with several columns of infantry, supported by artillery. Their cavalry did not come to the front. Their masses, covered by large bodies of skirmishers, advanced with much apparent confidence. The division immediately formed line in advance of our camp, the left under Major-General Pennefatlier, the right under Brigadier- General Adams. Lieutenant-Colonel Fitzmayer and the captains of batteries (Turner and Yates) promptly posted their guns and opened fire upon the enemy.
Immediately on the cannonade being heard, the Duke of Cambridge brought up to our support the brigade of Guards under Major-General Bentinck, with a battery under Lieutenant-Colonel Dacres. His Royal Highness took post in advance of our right to secure that flank, and rendered me throughout the most effective and important assistance. General Bosquet, with similar promptitude and from a greater distance, approached our position with five French battalions. Sir G. Cathcart hastened to us with a regiment of Rifles, and Sir G. Brown pushed forward tu'O guns in co-operation by our left.
1

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
121
The enemy came on at first rapidly, assisted by their guns, on the Mound hill. Our picquets, then chiefly of the 49th and 30th regiments, resisted them with very remarkable determination and firmness. Lieutenant Conolly of the 49th greatly distinguished himself, as did Captain Bayley of the 30th, and Captain Atcherley, all of whom, I regret to say, were severely wounded.
Sergeant Sullivan also displayed at this point great bravery. •
In the mean time, our 18 guns in position, including those of the First Division, were served with the utmost energy. In half-an-hour they forced the enemy’s artillery to abandon the field. Our batteries were then directed with equal accuracy and vigour upon the enemy’s columns, which (exposed also to the close fire of our advanced infantry) soon fell into complete disorder and flight. They were then literally chased by the 30th and 95th regiments over the ridges and down towards the head of the bay.
So eager was the pursuit, that it was with difficulty Major-General Pennefather eventually effected the recall of our men. These regiments and the picquets were led gallantly by Major- Maultfverer, Major Champion, Major Eman, and Major Hume. They were similarly pursued, further towards our right, by four companies of the 41st, led gallantly by Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable P. Herbert, A.Q.M.G. The 47th also contributed. The 55th were held in reserve.
Above 80 prisoners fell into our hands, and about 130 of the enemy’s dead were left within, or near our position. It is computed that their total loss could scarcely be less than 600.
Our loss, I am sorry to say, has been above 80, of whom 12 killed, and 5 officers wounded. I am happy to say, hopes are entertained that Lieutenant Conolly will recover, but his wound is dangerous.
I will have the honour of transmitting to your Lordship a list of officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, whose conduct attracted special notice. That of the picquets excited general admiration.
To Major-General Pennefather and Brigadier-General Adams I was, as usual, greatly indebted. To Lieutenant-Colonel Dacres, Lieutenant-Colonel Fitzmayer, Captains Turner, Yates, IVoodhouse, and Hamley, and the whole of the Royal Artillery, we are under the greatest obligation.
Lieutenant-Colonel Herbert A.Q.M.G., rendered the Division, as he always does, highly distinguished and energetic services.
Lieutenant-Colonel Wilbraliam, A.A.G., while serving most actively, I regret to say, had a v ery severe fall from his horse. I beg leave also to recommend to your Lordship’s favourable consideration the excellent services of Captains Glasbrook and Thompson of the Quartermaster- General’s Department; the Brigade-Majors, Captains Armstrong and Thackwell; and my personal staff, Captains Allix, Gubbins, and the Honourable W. Boyle.
I have, &c.
(Signed) De Lacy Evans,
Lord RaMan. Lieutenant-General.
O
Appendix No. 22.
r.
Q

122
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 23.
Appendix
No. 23.
The Tot a t. Expenditure of Stores, Materials, and Tools, in the Left and Right Attacks,
for the Month of October 1854.
Adzes ....
. - - 7
Magazines
13
Baskets
- 310
Nails
cwt. 230
Billhooks -
20
Pickaxes -
- 922
Bread bags
- 1,475
Planks, of sorts -
- 136
Candles
lbs. 2
Platforms -
- 109
Canvas -
- yards 9
Pickets -
- 877
Crowbars - - -
63
Powder
lbs. 85
Casks -
- 113
Pencils, carpenters’
18
Chalk lines
1
Rod, 6-ft. -
54
Coal sacks
2
Rammers
3
Fascines -
- 2,801
Sandbags -
- 88,027
Field levels
11
Shovels -
- 699
Fuse, Bickford’s
feet 141
Spades
- 146
Gimblets, spike -
4
Spikes, of sorts -
- 5,490
Gabion knives
14
Spun yarn, coils -
12
Gabions
- 2,919
Spare helves, pick
26
Horse-shoes, Horse-slioe nails Hammers, of sorts Hand barrows Lanterns Mallets Mauls, tin
sets
sets
2
1
134
170
11
61
5
„ axe Saws, hand Splinter proofs - Tamping bars Tracing tape Wlieel-barrows
yards
6
12
7
1
4,139
47
Appendix No. 24.
Appendix No. 24.
Return of the Expenditure of Ammunition during the Bombardment of the 17th October
1854.
Bounds of Ammunition expended.
Light Balls.
Carcasses.
Total Number of Bounds expended.
From Mortars.
From Guns.
13-incli.
10-inch.
8-inch.
4
•S
ihJn
O
Lancaster.
j 24-pounders.
i __
32-pounders.
j 8-inch. '
10-inch.
68-pounders.
9-pounders.
—
2,745
—
—
370
7,112
5,711
5,943
—
—
—
—
—
21,831
(Signed) W. Cator,
1st June 1857. D. G., Royal Artillery.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
123
Appendix No. 25.
Appendix No. 25.
Memorandum on an Assault of the Town of Sebastopol, by Sir J. F. Burgoyne.
Camp before Sebastopol, 1st November 1854.
Tiie French consider that they will very shortly have made every possible impression on the front of attack, and be lodged so advantageously in advance as to be ready for a general assault on the town, and the British are required to co-operate by moving round the top of the Man-of-war Creek, and assailing the flank and rear of the enemy’s position, in immediate connexion with the French attack in front.
The preparations and proceedings for this operation will require to be as follows :—
1. As much observation and research as possible by officers of Engineers of Left attack, and
study given to the best lines to take, and the best course of proceeding, for penetrating into the
enemy’s lines ; that is, where there will be the smallest obstacles or impediments to the advance, and where the exposure will he the least to the enemy’s fire, particularly of such as may appear to he closely flanking. It will he understood, that wherever the enemy’s attention will be deeply engaged by a simultaneous close attack on the same position, and threatening on those right and left of it, the effect of his opposition cannot he so active and powerful as would appear when considered as an insulated operation, since much of his fire must be directed to other parts.
2. In the above required observations, attention should be paid to the manner in which the artillery, in all our batteries, may be made to reduce the impediments to this assault, by directing their fire on the enemy’s defences :
1st. On any guns that seem intended to flank it, or command the approaches ;
2d. On any loopholed walls that appear, where they stand, to bar an entry ; and
3d. By battering the guns that bear generally on the approaches to the works.
Embrasures, if necessary, should be altered to suit this object, and the attention of officers of the Royal Artillery and Royal Navy turned to this subject at once.
3. The advance to be made in close skirmishing order, followed by lines or columns in support. When within 200 or 300 yards, a well-directed musketry fire from the advanced parties ought to have great power over that of heavy guns on ship-carriages in battery.
4. Reserves and supports must be cautious in not following up the enemy too hastily, but, whether advancing or holding their ground, cease their fire and preserve perfect order, to oppose any rally on the part of the enemy’s reserves.
5. An officer of Engineers with a detachment of Sappers, increased by a party from the Line, will accompany the storming party, with an assortment of scaling ladders and implements for the removal of partial obstacles. These parties will have their accoutrements on, and carry their arms slung, which they are not to use until their ladders, or other implements, have been employed to their most full and useful extent; and they will be given to understand, that they 'will be required to show their gallantry and steadiness, not in the use of their arms, but in the very important services that may perhaps be rendered by those implements.
6. Small parties of artillery also are to accompany the storming-party, to spike at once every gun of which we may obtain possession, for which they will be provided with means. Other Parties of artillery will be in reserve, and at hand with rockets, to be brought forward should °ccasion offer for their employment.
7. During the operation, our batteries will co-operate to the utmost in reducing the fire directed °n our storming parties.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Q 2

124
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 26.
- Appendix No. 26.
Official Despatch of the Battle of Inkerman.
Lord Raglan's Despatch to the Duke of Neivcastle.
My Lord Duke, Before Sebastopol, 8th November 1854.
I have the honour to report to your Grace, that the army under my command, powerfully aided by the corps of observation of the French army, under the command of that distinguished officer, General Bosquet, effectually repulsed and defeated a most vigorous and determined attack of the enemy on our position overlooking the ruins of Inkerman, on the morning of the otli instant.
In my letter to your Grace of the 3d, I informed you that the enemy had considerably increased their force in the valley of the Tchernaya. The following day this augmentation was still further apparent, and large masses of troops had evidently arrived from the northward, and on two several occasions persons of distinguished rank were observed to have joined the Russian camp.
I have subsequently learnt that the Fourth Corps d’Armee, conveyed in carriages of the country, and in the lightest possible order, had been brought from Moldavia, and were to be immediately followed by the Third Corps.
It was, therefore, to be expected that an extensive movement would not be long deferred.
Accordingly, shortly before daylight on the 5th, strong columns of the enemy came upon the advanced picquets covering the right of the position. These picquets behaved with admirable gallantry, defending the ground foot by foot against the overwhelming numbers of the enemy, until the Second Division, under Major-General Pennefather, with its field guns, which had immediately been got under arms, was placed in position.
The Light Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown, was also brought to the front without loss of time ; the 1st brigade, under Major-General Codrington, occupying the long slopes to the left towards Sebastopol, and protecting our right battery and guarding against attack on that side, and the 2d brigade, under Brigadier-General Buller, forming on the left of the Second Division, with the 88tli regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Jeffreys, thrown in advance.
The brigade of Guards, under his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge and Major-General Bentinck, proceeded likewise to the front, and took up most important ground to the extreme right, on the alignment of the Second Division, but separated from it by a deep' and precipitous ravine, and posting its guns with those of the Second Division.
The Fourth Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir George Cathcart, having been brought from their encampment, advanced to the front and right of the attack ; the 1st brigade, under Brigadier-General Goldie, proceeded to the left of the Inkerman road; the 2d brigade, under Brigadier-General Torrens, to the right of it, and on the ridge overhanging the valley of the Tchernaya.
The Third Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir Richard England, occupied in part the ground vacated by the Fourth Division, and supported the Light Division by two regiments, under Brigadier-General Sir John Campbell, while Brigadier-General Eyre held the command of the troops in the trenches.
The morning was extremely dark, with a drizzling rain, rendering it almost impossible to discover anything beyond the flash and smoke of artillery and heavy musketry fire.
It, however, soon became evident that the enemy, under cover of a vast cloud of skirmishers, supported by dense columns of infantry, had advanced numerous batteries of large calibre to the

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
125
high ground to the left and front of the Second Division, while powerful columns of infantry attacked with great vigour the brigade of Guards.
Additional batteries of heavy artillery were also placed by the enemy on the slopes to our left, the guns in the field amounting in the whole to 90 pieces, independently, however, of the ship guns and those in the works of Sebastopol.
Protected by a tremendous fire of shot, shell, and grape, the Russian columns advanced in great force, requiring every effort of gallantry on the part of our troops to resist them.
At this time, two battalions of French infantry, which had on the first notice been sent by General Bosquet, joined our right, and very materially contributed to the successful resistance to the attack, cheering with our men, and charging the enemy down the hill with great loss.
About the same time, a determined assault was made on our extreme left, and for a moment the enemy possessed themselves of four of our guns, three of which were retaken by the 88th, while the fourth was speedily recaptured by the 77th regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Egerton.
In the opposite direction, the brigade of Guards, under his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, was engaged in a severe conflict.
The enemy, under the cover of thick brushwood, advanced in two heavy bodies, and assaulted ■with great determination a small redoubt which had been constructed for two guns, but was not armed. The combat was most arduous, and the brigade, after displaying the utmost steadiness and gallantry, was obliged to retire before very superior numbers, until supported by a wing of the 20th regiment of the Fourth Division, when they again advanced and retook the redoubt.
This ground was afterwards occupied in gallant style by French troops, and the Guards speedily reformed in rear of the right flank of the Second Division.
In the meanwhile, Lieutenant-General the Honourable Sir George Catlicart, with a few companies of the 68tli regiment, considering that he might make a strong impression by descending into the valley, and taking the enemy in flank, moved rapidly forward ; but finding the heights above him in full occupation of the Russians, he suddenly discovered that he was entangled with a superior force, and while attempting to withdraw his men ho received a mortal wound, shortly Previously to which Brigadier-General Torrens, when leading the 68tli, was likewise severely bounded.
Subsequently to this, the battle continued with unabated vigour, and with no positive result, fho enemy bringing upon our line not only the fire of all their field batteries, but those in front of the works of the place and the ship guns, till the afternoon, when the symptoms of giving way first became apparent, and shortly after, although the fire did not cease, the retreat became general, and heavy masses were observed retiring over the bridge of the Inkerman, and as cending the opposite heights, abandoning on the field of battle 5,000 or 6,000 dead and bounded, multitudes of the latter having already been carried off by them. I never before witnessed such a spectacle as the field presented, but upon this I will not dwell.
Having submitted to your Grace this imperfect, description of this most severe battle, I have sti H two duties to discharge,—the one most gratifying, the last most painful to my feelings.
I have the greatest satisfaction in drawing your Grace’s attention to the brilliant conduct of *bc allied troops. French and English vied with each other in displaying their gallantry and ^nuiifesting their zealous devotion to duty, notwithstanding they had to contend against an '^finitely superior force, and were exposed for many hours to a most galling fire.
It should be borne in mind that they have daily, for several weeks, undergone the most constant a bour, and that many of them passed the previous night in the trenches.
I 'will not attempt to enter into the detail of the movements of the French troops, lest I should state them correctly ; but I am proud of the opportunity of bearing testimony to their valour a hd energetic services, and of paying a tribute of admiration to the distinguished conduct of their ^mediate commander, General Bosquet, while it is in the highest degree pleasing to me to
Place
upon record my deep sense of the valuable assistance I received from the Commander-in-
ArpENDIX No. 26 .

126 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 26.
Chief, General Canrobert, who was himself on the ground and in constant communication with me, and whose cordial co-operation, on all occasions, I cannot too highly extol.
Your Grace will recollect that he was wounded at the Alma. He was again wounded on the 5th, but I should hope that he will not long feel the effects of it.
I will, in a subsequent despatch, lay before your Grace the names of the officers whose services have been brought to my notice. I will not detain the mail for that purpose now, but I cannot delay to report the admirable behaviour of Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown, who was unfortunately shot through the arm, but is doing well; of Lieutenant-General his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, who particularly distinguished himself; and of Major-General Penne- father, in command of the Second Division, which received the first attack, and gallantly maintained itself under the greatest difficulties throughout the protracted conflict; of Major-General Bentinck, who is severely wounded; Major-General Codrington, Brigadier-General Adams, and Brigadier-General Torrens, who are severely wounded ; and Brigadier-General Buller, who is also wounded, but not so seriously.
I must likewise express my obligations to Lieutenant-General Sir Richard England, for the excellent disposition he made of his division, and the assistance he rendered to the left of the Light Division, where Brigadier-General Sir John Campbell was judiciously placed, and effectively supported Major-General Codrington ; and I have great pleasure in stating that Brigadier- General Eyre was employed in the important duty of guarding the trenches from any assault from the town.
Lieutenant-General Sir De Lacy Evans, who had been obliged by severe indisposition to go on board ship a few days previously, left his bed as soon as he received intelligence of the attack, and was promptly at his post; and though he did not feel well enough to take the command of the division out of the hands of Major-General Pennefatlier, he did not fail to give him his best advice and assistance.
It is deeply distressing to me to have to submit to your Grace the list of the killed, wounded, and missing on this memorable occasion ; it is, indeed, heavy, and very many valuable officers and men have been lost to Her Majesty’s service.
Among the killed your Grace will find the names of Lieutenant-General the Honoui’able Sir G. Cathcart, Brigadier-General Strangways, and Brigadier-General Goldie.
Of the services of the first it is almost unnecessary to speak. They are known throughout the British empire, and have within a short space of time been brought conspicuously before the country by his achievements at the Cape of Good Hope, whence he had only just returned when he was ordered to this army.
By his death Her Majesty has been deprived of a most devoted servant, an officer of the highest merit, while I personally have to deplore the loss of an attached and faithful friend.
Brigadier-General Strangways was known to have distinguished himself in early life, and in mature age throughout a long service he maintained the same character.
The mode in which he had conducted the command of the artillery,- since it was placed in his hands by the departure, through illness, of Major-General Cator, is entitled to my entire approbation, and was equally agreeable to those who were confided to his care.
Brigadier-General Goldie was an officer of considerable promise, and gave great satisfaction to all under whom he has served.
It is difficult to arrive at any positive conclusion as to the actual numbers brought into the field by the enemy. The configuration of the ground did not admit of any great development of their force, the attack consisting of a system of repeated assaults in heavy masses of columns ; but, judging from the numbers that were seen in the plains after they had withdrawn in retreat, I am led to suppose that they could not have been less than 60,000 men. Their loss was excessive, and it is calculated that they left on the field near 5,000 dead, and that their casualties amount in the whole, in killed, wounded, and prisoners, to not less than 15,000.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 127
Your Grace will be surprised to learn that the number of British troops actually engaged little exceeded 8,000 men, whilst those of General Bosquet’s division only amounted to 6,000, the remaining available French troops on the spot having been kept in reserve.
I ought to mention, that while the enemy was attacking our right, they assailed the left of the French trenches, and actually got into two of their batteries ; but they were quickly driven out in the most gallant manner, with considerable loss, and hotly pursued to the very walls of Sebastopol.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
Appendix No. 27.
Russian Official Despatch of the Battle of Iniceeman, by Pkince Menchikoff, dated
6th November.
( Translated from the “ Journal de St. Peter sbourgh.”)
Yesteuday, at Sebastopol, from the direction of bastion No. 1, there was a sortie in which the following troops took part:—Of the 10th Division of infantry, the regiments of Catheriuenburg, Tomsk, and Kolyvan ; of the lltli Division of infantry, the regiments of Selinghinsk, Yakoutsk, and Okhotsk ; of the 16th Division of infantry, the regiments of Vladimir, Souzdal, and Ouglitch ; and of the 17th Division of infantry, the regiments of Boutirsk, Borodino, and Torontino.
There was. as much artillery as could be taken, considering the difficulty of passing the gates and the wretched state of the roads. The command of the troops was entrusted to the general of infantry Dannenberg, commander of the Fourth Corps of infantry.
Our first attack upon the heights was very successful. The English fortifications were carried, and eleven of their guns spiked. Unfortunately, in this tiist movement, the commanders of the troops of the Tenth Division, who attacked the intrenchments and the redoubts, were wounded. ■During this period, the French forces arrived to the assistance of the English. The siege artillery of the latter was placed in position on the field of battle, and it was not possible for our field artillery to contend against them with advantage. The superiority of the enemy’s long- ranged rifles occasioned heavy losses among the horses and men of the artillery and the officers °f infantry. This circumstance did not admit of our completing, without a great sacrifice of life, the redoubts which we had commenced during the fight, upon the points which command tlie enemy’s position, with the intention of connecting them with the works of the town of Sebastopol.
The retreat was effected in good order, upon Sebastopol and by the bridge of Inkerman, and the dismounted guns were brought back from the field of battle to the place.
The Grand Dukes Nicholas Nicholaievitch and Michael Nicholaievitch were in the midst of the terrible fire which prevailed, and set an example of coolness and courage in the fight.
Simultaneously with this main attack, the Minsk regiment of infantry, with a light artillery battery, under the command of Major-General of artillery Timofeieff, made a sortie against the French batteries, and spiked fifteen of their guns.
Our loss in dead is not exactly known, but the number of wounded amounts to 3,500 men and 109 officers. Among the latter ard Lieutenant-General Soimonoffi who received a ball through t h | ‘ body, and soon died from the wound ; Major-Generals Villebois and Ochterlohne ; Colonels ■^lexandroff, commander of the infantry regiment of Catherinenburg, Poustovoitoff, of the infantry y e giment of Tomsk, Bibikoff, commander of the chasseurs of Okhotsck, Baron Delwig, of the lI1 fantry of Vladimir, and Vereurkine-Scheluta, commander of the chasseurs of Borodino. Major-
Appendix •No. 26.
Appendix No. 27.

128 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix General Kinchinsky, chief of the artillery, received a contusion from the bursting of a shell;
No. 27: Major-General Prince Menchikoff, belonging to the suit of Your Imperial Majesty, a contusion in
the neck ; Colonel Albedinsky, aide-de-camp of Your Imperial Majesty, and Captain Greig, of the cavalry, my aide-de-camp, contusions in the head.
General Dannenberg had two horses killed under him, and all the persons by whom he was surrounded were wounded.
The loss of the enemy cannot have been less considerable than ours, and the sortie of General Timofeieif cost the French dearly ; for, while he was pursuing them with formidable masses, they were exposed to a very heavy fire of grapeshot from bastion No. 6.
While these movements were being executed, the troops under the command of Prince GortschakofF made a strong demonstration against Kadikoi, and thus kept in activity the enemy’s detachment at Balaklava.
(Signed) Menchikoff.
Appendix No. 28.
Appendix No. 28.
Memorandum recommending the more complete Occupation of the Inkerman Ridge.
Camp before Sebastopol, 10th November 1854.
I am strongly inclined to believe that it is unnecessary, and, if so, impolitic in us to confine ourselves to such purely defensive measures, and of so extensive a character, as we are engaged in on the heights above Inkerman.
The enemy, in great force and by the most strenuous efforts, failed, and with very great loss, in making an impression upon it on the 5th instant; since which we have obtained more full possession of the ground, have established ourselves on it in a very strong and commanding position, and have commenced a variety of works which, even in their present state, would be of much service, and must bear to the enemy the appearance of much additional strength to the ground.
Another very great advantage in this position is that the enemy can bring no field battery against it to co-operate in any attack ; thus he would be deprived of one element of attack in which he is very strong, and on which he, no doubt, greatly relies.
The enemy have retired their forces from the neighbourhood, and only maintain there an ordinary small body of observation, and that at a respectable distance.
We have a clear view all round over the country in front, so that any approach in force by day can be thoroughly seen many hours before any attack could be made, and even a night approach (which is improbable from so great a distance) can be well guarded against by the precautions that are in our power. There can he no doubt of the advantage of improving the ground as a defensive position, but I would recommend not to engage ourselves too exclusively in that object, or to entertain so much expectation of an attack again on that side, which, however important to the enemy, I do not think he will attempt, nor have any chance of success if he does.
We have two fronts to attend to there as elsewhere, and must not confound the two ; the one towards the garrison, the other towards the exterior arfny. With regard to the first, an attack is a sortie, and dare not he attempted in any force, without very great risk of being cut off, to such a distance as this ground or the Picquet House in front of the Light Division ; nor could the garrison have any object, as an isolated measure, in such an attack, as it is not to be presumed that it could alone make an impression upon our main bodies in camp.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 129
To be prepared against the second, we have full possession of the position, may continue our defensive works on it, and arm them with a very few heavy guns on leading points of great command, while our field artillery will find positions for the guns behind other parts of the intrenchments, which will give them a degree of cover. Any more extensive armament by heavy guns is considered to be beyond our means.
To be, however, in the position in which we have a right to be, our picquets should be pushed down to the houses and ground at the foot of the heights and to the Tchernaya, where it closes upon it, with intermediate supports up to our position. The enemy can have no pretensions to dispute that point with us, nor any power to do so, except by the fire from the isolated Lighthouse Battery and from their ships ; both these we ought now to make an effort to subdue ; and if not, cover might bo obtained to protect the picquets from them. Such posts in front would give us greater security, and would very much impede, if not prevent, the communication by small parties °r individuals, from Inkerman into the town ; in short, the investment of Sebastopol will then be complete from the head of the harbour to the sea.
I would then recommend, that without awaiting the perfection of our works on the defensive position, we should at once establish a battery on the extremity of the narrow bold ridge that is °n the left of the high road, and exactly in the prolongation of the causeway across the Tchernaya. This battery is destined to reduce, or, it is to be hoped, subdue the fire from the Inkerman Lighthouse Battery, and drive away the steamer. By commencing with a strong force, say six 24-pounders (with a shot furnace) and two 68-pounders (95 cwt.), removed to it for the purpose, B may be hoped that the effects may be produced within no long period, after which the force might be reduced.
If the fire from those two sources be silenced, our position will bo much more tranquil, and it lv >ll then be seen whether we cannot make further advances along the side of the harbour.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoi'NE.
Appendix No. 29.
Letters of Instruction relating to the Purchase of Timber for hutting the Troops.
Sir, Head Quarters, 7tli November 1854.
The Commander of the Forces requests that immediate steps be taken for obtaining lai'ge Quantities of timber for building purposes, with regard to covering the army and military stores, during the ensuing winter in the field.
The timber required, principally, will be beams, 4 inches square and upwards, of any length. Blanks, from ((-inch upwards, of any length ; they vary from 12 to 13 feet, Poles of all sizes a Ud lengths, side-ing, and lathing.
I will now write to Captain Christie, R.N., to name at least one vessel to proceed immediately to Sinope and Samsoon, where it is natural to suppose large quantities of these materials may ° a % be obtained.
A commissariat officer will require to go on this service to make the necessary payments.
An officer of, or some one attached to the Engineer Department, will also proceed, in order to a e selection of what will be required.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Richard Airey,
l*c Commissary-General. Quartermaster-General.
Appendix. No. 28..
Afpendix No. 29.

130 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 29 .
Sir, Head Quarters, 8th November 1854.
I have the honour to forward the accompanying copy of my letter to the Commissary- General, and request that you will, with as little delay as possible, name an officer for this service.
I have, &c.
(Signed) ' Alex. Gordon, Lieut.-Col. A.Q.M.G.,
Captain Gordon, Commanding Engineer. For the Quartermaster-General.
Reports on the Timber procured from the Coasts of the Black Sea, for hutting the Troops in
the Crimea.
No. 1.
On board “ Cottingliam,” Screw Transport,
Sih, Sinope Harbour, 14th November 1854.
I have the honour to inform you that I arrived at this place on the evening of the 11th instant, and landed on the following day for the purpose of ascertaining what quantities of timber of the description named in the Quartermaster-General’s letter of instruction, could be procured at this place.
I was informed by Mr. Casolani, Her Majesty’s Consular Agent at this port, that large supplies of planking and scantling were prepared in the neighbourhood and along the coast, from the fir timber brought down from the mountain forests, but that the town of Sinope itself seldom contained any considerable quantity, the Government dockyard and private individuals and merchants, getting their supplies from the country as they were required, and not keeping a large stock on hand.
I visited the governor of the place, with the Consul, to make, inquiries as to the possibility of preparing large supplies of planking, &c., and, from what I could learn, I do not think that the resources of the country would admit of any very considerable quantities being prepared under two months. The means of transport at this season are very bad, and cannot much be depended upon, as the power of communication by sea along the coast ceases from the commencement of this month, the vessels being small and rickety, whilst for large vessels there is no safe anchorage at the various small villages where the timber is collected, and even if such did exist, there are no means for shipping it during severe weather. Supposing, then, that timber could not be embarked at these places, it would be necessary to convey all supplies to Sinope by land, a tedious and difficult operation where the roads are very bad and the only means of conveyance used being the backs of ponies. Still, I do not doubt but that this difficulty could be overcome with a little trouble and by making systematic arrangements, and the supply could bo brought to this place for shipment as fast as it could be prepared in the villages.
The following description of timber can be procured ; viz. :
Beams or posts of oak or fir from 4 to 6 ins. square, from 20 to 25 ft. long.
Timber fit for rafters or beams 4x2 ins., 12, 14, and 18 ft. long.
ll-in. planks, 9 ins. wide, 12 ft. long ; also
Thin boarding £-in. or f-in. thick, 6 ins. wide, which would I think answer for roofing.
These can all be prepared out of the large forest timber, and are similar to that now supplied to the Constantinople market. No large depots are kept, but a few thousands of each of the above description can be procured by visiting the various villages along the coast in the neighbourhood of this place, which is the principal timber port of the country.
Eneboli, 64 miles to the west contains planks; the villages in the bay contain planks and scantliiig. Poles in their rough state cannot be procured here, unless by specially ordering them- I am informed that there are 250 rough poles at Yaikeel, on the east side of the bay, which belong
i

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
131
to the Turkish Government; these have been placed at my disposal, and I hope to ship them, if the weather permits of my visiting these small villages, where alone the ship can complete her cargo. I have secured all the suitable timber I could find in the town, and had boats employed yesterday in putting it on hoard. The weather is to-day too severe to allow of communication with the shore, which I mention, as showing that even this port, though considered the safest along the coast, cannot be made use of at all times, except as a roadstead.
From what I learn here, I do not expect to find much timber at Samsoon, probably not so much as at this place. I hope, however, to visit it, in order, should any supply he procurable at that port, to ascertain what arrangements could he made fit for its shipment.
I have, &c.
(Signed) H. F. de Verb,
To Captain J. W. Gordon, Lieutenant R.E.
Commanding Royal Engineers.
No. 2.
Sir, Balaklava, 21st November 1854.
I have the honour to enclose herewith a list of the timber which I have been able to procure at Sinope, &c., during my recent visit, and which now lies on board the “ Cottingham,” in this harbour.
My communication from Sinope of the 14th will have informed you of my proceedings up to that date, since when I have succeeded in procuring more timber at Sinope, and have also visited two small places westward along the coast, where I was informed a large supply of planks could be procured, and where the ship has been enabled to partly complete her cargo.
On the forenoon of the 17tli, I landed at a small village called Abanali, about 50 miles west of Sinope, and found that boards to the amount of 6,000 were stored upon the beach for sale. That afternoon and the following day were passed in embarking them, and the following morning (19th) we arrived at Eneboli, where I was able to procure 6,o00 planks, all embarked on the same day.
I trust that all these planks will be found fit for roofing and side-ing purposes, but I have brought from Eneboli a sample of plank much used for roofing, and which I think would answer the purpose very well for temporary military buildings.
It is only 5 feet long and very thin, but is light and cheap, 40 piastres the 100, but not being of the description mentioned in General Airey’s letter, I did not think it advisable to purchase any large quanfity ; 10,000 might be procured at Eneboli at any moment.
The roughness of the weather, which made it dangerous to lie off the coast, and difficult °r impossible to embark anything, prevented me from visiting two or three villages on the °Pposite side of the bay of Sinope, where I was informed some posts and scantling could be proceed. It is there alone that timber of this nature can be got, as the other villages which I v isited only contain planking. At Sinope I was able to procure but little timber of the nature Mentioned in the Quartermaster-General’s letter to Commissary-General Tilder, but I trust that the scantling 4x2 ins. will be found useful for rafters, intermediate posts, and braces.
From what I learnt at Sinope and Eneboli, I am inclined to believe that, by ordering timber a ^ e ek beforehand, a considerably larger quantity could be procured than I met with at the villages a l°ng the coast between Sinope and Eneboli.
Still I do not think that any very large quantities can be expected at this season of the year, aa d I q 0 no t imagine that more than another ship load could be procured under a fortnight or three weeks.
The greatest difficulty to contend with is that of embarkation, as the coast is so open and the an chorage so indifferent, that a ship dare not lie off even during a moderate breeze, and boats will
r 2
Appendix No. 29.

132
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix not venture out in a swell. At Sinope alone a vessel can lie in bad weather, and there the mode
No. 29.
of conveyance for timber along the coast is tedious, being chiefly on the backs of horses, and the
embarkation (as was the case when I was there) slow and uncertain in rough weather. From Mr. Casolani, Her Majesty’s Naval Agent at Sinope, I learnt that no supply of timber was to be got at Samsoon ; that the place was, in fact, itself supplied from Sinope. I met, however, the assistant to the Consul at Samsoon, at Eneboli, who told me that timber could be procured there, but not in large quantities, but that previous notice should be given, as none is kept on hand.
Thinking it important to return with this first load of timber and what information I had procured, toBalaklava, I judged it better not to go to Samsoon, where I should most probably find nothing, but to confine myself to visiting Abanali and Eneboli, where I was certain of finding a tolerable supply of planking.
Mr. Casolani, at Sinope, was of great use in procuring timber for me there, as, owing to the recent destruction of the town, the merchants had no great wish to dispose of what they had. The commanding officer in the place, Colonel Alib Bey, gave me much assistance with fatigue parties in bringing the timber to the shore and ordering the lighters with greater speed than the merchants could have done.
I have, &c.
(Signed) II. F. de Vere,
Lieutenant, R.E.
P.S.—The following are the places in Sinope Bay where I was informed timber could be procured, together with the quantities at each place :—
113 1-in. and lj-in. planks. 5,150 oak posts.
328 rafters.
Tchobanla
Tchakiroglu
L 312 1-in. and 1-in. planks. - 7,300 oak posts.
439 rafters.
- •< 20 „ (thick).
Yaikeel
j 600 -|-in. planks. L 39 1-in. „
3,000 oak posts.
350 1-in. planks.
3,000 g-in. to 1-in. planks (belongs to Sinope merchant). 5,000 planks.
Gulsafab
Tyahanton
Head Quarters, 22d November 1854.
Sir,
I observe in Lieutenant de Vere’s Report, herewith enclosed, that he did not purchase a large quantity of thin planking five feet long, as he had not received instructions in my letter to Commissary-General Tilder, dated 7tli November 1854, to do so, though he considered it well adapted for roofing purposes.
I request that you will be good enough to instruct officers going upon this service, that they are authorized to purchase wood of any description whatever which they may consider calculated
to meet the object in view, viz., the hutting of this army.
Whenever you have done with the Report, pray be kind enough to send it back to me, as I wish to give instructions on the various details contained in it.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Richard Airey,
Quartermaster-General.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
133
Appendix
, „ No. 30.
Appendix No. 30. _
Extract from General Orders, dated
Head Quarters, before Sebastopol, loth November 1854.
The Commander of the Forces has been pleased to authorize the issue of working pay to the troops to be henceforward employed as working parties in the trenches, according to the following rates :—
By day. By night.
Non-commissioned officers, as overseers for every 20 men - 1$. Is.
Rank and file ------- 8 d. 10 d.
Provided the amount of work required is done, and the officer of Engineers in charge shall f eport that the men have properly exerted themselves.
Although it has not been usual to issue this gratuity at sieges, the Commander of the Forces ls induced to avail himself of the authority which would appear to be given in Article 57, under the head of “ Duties in Camp,” page 275, of Her Majesty’s Regulations, to view the present as a R exceptional case, in consideration of the length of the siege operations before Sebastopol, the c °nstant labour the men have been called upon to perform, the inclemency of the weather, and the cheerfulness and good-will they have manifested in discharge of their duty.
The gratuity may either be paid when the men come off duty, or placed to their credit, as they •Ray prefer.
By order.
(Signed) J. B. B. Estcourt,
Adjutant-General.
Appendix No. 31. appendix
_ No. 31.
Memorandum on the Duties of Covering Parties at a Siege.
Camp before Sebastopol, 19th November 1854.
Tiie Generals commanding the Light, First, and Second Divisions, considering it very neces- Sai 'y to provide more effectually for the security of their camps against attacks from the garrison, t j' e safety of our great batteries, particularly of the Right attack, which must be passed to reach «° Se camps, becomes a source of much anxiety ; for if the camps are in danger, it would appear ■diiiost impossible to protect the batteries, which are so much nearer the enemy, from the serious •saster of allowing them to be even for a very short period in his possession, the batteries and 1 e nch cs being only 1,200 to 1,400 yards from the enemy’s lines, while the camps are Nearly 4,000. °
i'lic batteries are divided into a Right and Left attack, each of them having a covering party or ^ of 1 5 000 men, with no support to look to, short of the camps; they are separated by a ^Qcky, y er y (j ee p ravine, which would preclude much mutual support between them. It would PPear, therefore, that they are very ill protected against sorties of 3,000 or 4,000 men, such as, said, have been made upon the French works.
the natuva l remedy for this danger is increased forces applied for opposing the attempts of enemy, more defensive works, and additional guards ; but as, unfortunately, these cannot be

134
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 31.
provided, and as we cannot recede, the question is, how to make the best of our position with the means available.
1. It cannot be too strongly or too frequently pressed upon the officers in command of the covering parties, the absolute necessity for making the best arrangements, and being well on the alert, and ready for an attack at any minute, as it would come on very rapidly and heavily, with little or no warning. As no attempt has yet been made in force upon our trenches, the covering parties will have become naturally perhaps careless, and might very possibly, on the first occasion, be taken by surprise, whereas it is essential that every sortie should be attacked with great vigour on its very first approach, and that can only be done by a covering party that is always collected and in order, and in a manner expecting an attack.
2. The command of the covering party, and consequently, the charge of the batteries and trenches, is with the senior officer (who is always a field officer), who has but an imperfect knowledge of the localities and of the nature of his charge. It would be of great advantage, if practicable, to obtain the volunteer services of a small number of zealous and intelligent field officers to take this exclusive duty in turns ; such would become thoroughly acquainted with the localities, and with the best dispositions to be made for every emergency.
3. That preparations be made for giving the most ready and rapid support from the camps, in case of serious sorties on the batteries, both direct, and along the lateral ridges and ravines, according to arrangements previously considered by the generals commanding divisions.
4. All working parties, it is believed, now take their arms and accoutrements, piling the former at some short distance in the rear. In case of alarm, they will take up their arms and join the covering party.
5. The artillery and seamen in the batteries will prepare and serve the guns with grape, &c., according to circumstances.
6. If the strength of the British troops would admit of it, several works could be added to the advanced parallels, that would not only be protective against sorties, but tend to the ultimate advances against the place, while cover might be applied in rear, between the batteries and the camps, for temporary use of field pieces and support in general in case of sorties.
No mention has been made of the 3-Gun Battery, which is on the ravine between the French and British attacks ; it has a covering party of 150 men only, which is very insufficient, but as it is on a tongue of land on the French side, and very' near their approaches, it would of course obtain much support from them.
Although the position of the British batteries, in which are mounted about 60 pieces of heavy ordnance, may be considered, as above described, to be subject to considerable risk, we must be aware, at the same time, that the enemy would be under several difficulties and disadvantages in making the attack, and these, it is presumed, have operated in preventing him from making the attempt up to this time.
1. Had we competent guards in the trenches, with adequate supports, upon which it is to be expected the enemy will calculate, the features of the ground would render our position exceedingly strong, and subject him to very great loss in the attack.
2. The approaches to our batteries are not very easy to the enemy, the distance from his works is great, and, consequently, his retreat would be embarrassing and difficult, notwithstanding the covering fire from his own batteries.
3. As he has no regularly enclosed works in our front, presenting any serious obstacles, net any covering outworks, there might be great danger, if he made a great sortie, that we might follow him into his lines, and thus obtain comparatively easy possession of them. I am inclined to believe that we should be prepared, and in readiness to adopt that course, if the opportunity offered.
(Signed) J. F. Burgovne.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
135
Appendix No. 32.
Appendix No. 32.
Memorandum on the Duties of Riflemen.
Camp before Sebastopol, 19tli November 1854.
It is of great advantage to an army in the field, to push its advanced posts as far forward as can be, with safety, in order to cover as much of the country and its resources as possible, to have longer and more precise warning of any movement of the enemy, and to impede his recon- 'loissances and proceedings generally.
It is of still more importance, to restrict the enemy to the narrowest limits.
Under ordinary circumstances, a reasonable line of demarcation that each force ought to insist u Pon, may be considered midway between the two, but several circumstances may give a superior power to one side :—
1. The opposing armies may be very unequal in force, or one may have gained a marked
ascendancy over the other, in which case the superior will be able to press the inferior to smaller limits.
2. One may hold some peculiarly strong defensible detached posts or batteries in a salient
position, that may give him a command over the neighbouring ground, in which case the line of demarcation will be midway between those posts and the position of the other army.
3. There may be a river not fordable, or other essential obstacle between the two, which will
naturally form the line of demarcation, although nearer to one than to the other.
Subject to those sort of contingencies, it is very essential that no encroachment should be allowed. The greatest efforts, in particular, should be made to prevent an enemy from holding I°sts, or even keeping temporary possession of the foot of the heights on which parts of an army a, ' c posted ; distant fire of artillery is not sufficient to justify submitting to this disadvantage, and *1 the enemy’s circumstances are such as really to enable him to enforce it, the army which is Object to it must be in a very insecure position.
Iliere is a great deal of brag in the matter of keeping possession of a greater extent of ground . ^an a party is entitled to. Old campaigners know the value of it, and will take all the liberties ^at they are allowed, retiring, however, as soon as they are opposed, and this appears to be a e ading feature in Cossack warfare. The great point is, to decide upon what is your right, and ' y hat you can enforce, and then to persevere in obtaining it.
■A-n enemy’s batteries, particularly if distant, ought not to prevent your driving away his posts ^ lat are advanced unreasonably near to your position. The operation will be quick, and those 0tl gaged in it, will obtain the best cover they can in front, or, if from very peculiar circumstances ^* ei 'e be no cover, you should return, and renew the attack as often as necessary ; for it will e a very unusual case where the ultimate advantage in these contests will not be on your side.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.

136
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 33.
- Appendix No. S3.
Memorandum on the present Circumstances of the British Portion of the Attacks
on Sebastopol.
Camp before Sebastopol, 20th November 1854.
A range of hold and almost precipitous heights, of from 400 to 600 feet elevation above the sea, extends round the south side of Sebastopol, from the head of the great harbour at Inkerman to the sea near the monastery of St. George. The circuit round the top of the ridge may be about five or six miles long, at a distance of three or four miles from the town.
From this abrupt ridge or crest, which, for the most part, overlooks to the south the extensive low flat valley of the river Tcliernaya, the fall to the north, that is to the town and harbour, is gradual, but with varying features, which may be divided into two nearly equal portions, separated by the valley that runs down immediately upon the main branch from the harbour, called the Man-of-War Creek. That portion to the left (looking towards the place) or westward, having a greater distance to descend, reaches a moderate height above the sea at some 2,000 yards from the place, from which distance is undulating ground, broken by valleys in different directions ; while that on the right, or to the eastward, after some undulations near the summit, falls thence rapidly, and almost continuously, down four leading spurs or ridges, towards the dockyard, bounded on one side by the Man-of-War Creek valley above mentioned, and on the other by the great harbour, with three intervening deep and very precipitous ravines. The ground to the left of the Man-of-War Creek valley was allotted to the French attacks, that to the right, to the British, of which the latter alone is here under consideration.
The enemy’s position in front of the British camp has its right flank upon a precipitous rocky height which hangs over the Man-of-War Creek, and its left also on high land on the great harbour in rear of the Careening Bay.
Of the four ridges descending from the British camp, two of them are connected with the enemy’s lines and stronghold, and are those on which the closer approaches or assaults must be carried, while the other two, one on either flank, terminate on the Creek and Bay.
The enemy’s line may be about 2,500 or 3,000 yards in total extent, supported on their right by some commanding batteries in front of, and bordering the town, and, till circumstances shall admit of their being driven away, by line-of-battle ships hearing on the two flanks and the approaches to them. The works are of earth, and apparently of no great profile, and no masonry except one large tower, which has been extensively damaged by our batteries; they are, however, thickly studded with heavy artillery (not less than 150 pieces being mounted on them), and with such reserves and resources, that, in addition to having such portions of them as can be useful served with constancy and skill day by day, the damage done to guns, parapets, and gunners during each day has been fully, re-established during each night, and the succeeding morning finds everything in the same state of efficiency as that which preceded it. This is to be attributed, in addition to a considerable garrison, to the great resources from a large fleet of men-of-war and a first-rate arsenal, to which must in justice be added an extraordinary amount of spirit and energy on the part of those engaged in the proceedings.
The ground on which the enemy’s lines are placed is in many respects very favourable for defence. The two flanks are strongly posted ; the Redan, and the tower with the earth-works round it, occupy each central commanding points on the two ridges which have a gradual fall to their front for 500 or 600 yards, and thence a gradual rise to a great distance; the ground is rocky* on which only a few inches of soil is found in interstices ; the general line may be considered, virtually, a straight one, and, consequently, very difficult to approach by trenches ; the ravine*
I

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 137
although winding, have a general course down on to the batteries, so as to be enfiladed throughout, and from many parts seen and commanded by the enemy’s guns.
On arriving before Sebastopol after the battle of the Alma and the taking possession of Balaklava, the place appeared to be in such a state, and the garrison so busily and with so much apparent confidence engaged in improving it, that, with a fine battering train on board a ship close at hand, no one for a moment contemplated the attempt of so rash an act as to storm it at once: a great part of the enclosure was surrounded by flanked loopholed walls ; many earthen batteries were already established and armed ; men-of-war were moored with their broadsides bearing on such of the lines of approach to the works (and they were several) as might be taken by the storming parties, while the ground in front was perfectly unknown to the allies, and no existing plans exhibited it in any degree; the knowledge we have since obtained shows it to have been very intricate, and that we should have been led into many errors in the approach had we then attacked it.
After considerable time and labour in getting up the guns, .batteries for about 60 pieces were at length established against the most influential of the enemy’s batteries,—which were chiefly the Round Tower and the Redan, with the Barrack Batteries connected with it,—and opened with considerable effect, but, as before stated, the enemy’s means allowed him to maintain his defences day after day in great force, and the advances on our side were rendered very imperfect by the force being too small to admit of our extending across the last ridge above the harbour, which was consequently in the power of the enemy, who had a considerable army on that side, Xvitli a direct communication into that place, and in consequence no approaches could be carried on towards the Tower, as they would be taken in flank and reverse from that ground; the complete discomfiture he met with on that side on the 5th November, has, however, established our superiority on that position, and will enable us to advance on it when convenient, to the double udvantage of protecting our right flank and approaching the tower, and obliging the shipping to remove lower down the harbour.
The French attacks were carried to within 100 yards of the salient and commanding work that forms part of the lines of the place, called the Flagstaff Bastion, on which a great impression had been made by the French and British batteries ; but the allied forces had become much reduced, and many-guns were rendered unserviceable, and the ammunition was becoming exhausted, while it still a Ppeared that it would be attended with too great a risk to attempt an assault, it was therefore considered preferable, to wait for reinforcements in troops and a renewed supply of artillery.
Although the enemy, during this long period in which he lias been left in comparative repose, has re-established his batteries and added new ones, but for the advanced state of the season which greatly affects our proceedings, the result of the action of the 5th November has in a much greater ^ e gree benefited our position, by enabling us to proceed actively over the whole of our front, as s °on as means can be obtained for it. Those means, it is considered, should be made up to not Rss than 30,000 infantry, and 100 pieces of heavy ordnance, including large mortars, with from 5 °0 to 750 rounds of ammunition per piece, 16 more officers of Engineers, two more companies of Sappers, and an additional supply of intrenching tools and engineer stores, exclusive of what is Squired for the protection of Balaklava.
This demand can hardly bo considered to be unreasonable, when consideration is given to the length, power, and resources of the garrison, the extent, disjointed, and unfavourable nature of.
ground over which our attacks have to be conducted, and the guard that is required to our le ar for our communications.
The time of year is, however, so very unfavourable for active operations, and so continuous the
01 T and exposure to which the men and horses are now subjected, that it will be absolutely necessary o make some energetic efforts to improve our condition before these means can be collected by
e Rritish, and by the best combination that can be made of the joint forces of the two allies, eac h bringing into play as much as possible.
i. s
APPENDIX No. 33.

138
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 33.
Appendix No. 34.
In the succeeding proceedings, two points are strongly recommended for attention :—
1. To press forward as early and energetically as possible along the right, till absolutely to overlook and command the Careening Bay, and in some degree the Tower and works about it, to which also advances should he made, by which, it may be hoped, that the valley that communicates with that bay, then in our possession, will be found to give cover to our troops to within no great distance from the enemy’s lines.
2. The operations having become in a degree suspended, not to recommence by driblets, which affords means of counteracting their effects, but to collect and repair as great a power as possible, and re-open with the most impressive and effective accumulation of means at once, with a view of producing striking and rapid results.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 34.
Memorandum recommending the Attack of the Tower Front, and the more complete Occupation of the Inkerman Ridge.
Camp beforeSebastopol, 23rd November 1854.
Under the present circumstances of the attacks on Sebastopol, the renewed efforts, as regards the British side, should now be made rather against the Tower front than on the Redan, and for this the possession of the ridge along the harbour affords available facilities which did not exist before the Battle of Inkerman, on the 5th November.
The object will now be to prepare batteries (in addition to those at present existing) on the right of, and in front of the Tower front, to reduce the works and the fire on that side in the greatest degree, to obtain full possession of the ravine leading down to the Careening Bay, to obtain, in addition, as much artificial cover as possible in front of the Tower, and then storm it simultaneously with an assault on the Redan, the French at the same time assaulting the town.
The measures for this purpose will be greatly dependent on the guns, the ammunition, and seamen, that can be furnished from the fleet, and the promptitude with which they can be landed and subsequently brought up from Balaklava ; and as the means of transport are very small for the purpose, under the circumstances of the state of roads and of the horses, it is most essential that a commencement should, if possible, be made at once, the pieces that are considered most applicable to this service being the heavy 32-pounder gun.
The first operation will be to arm and bring into action a battery (which has been constructed by the French for ten guns) against the Inkerman Lighthouse Battery and any armed ships that may venture at the upper end of the great harbour; that, being a proceeding unconnected with any other, may be undertaken at once, and if to the effect, as may he hoped, of silencing that battery, and driving away any shipping, it will greatly facilitate the further advances along the ground on the extreme right. At the same time, that is, from the present moment, we should drive the enemy away from all the upper part of the Careening Bay ravine down as far as it is practicable, and establish parallels right and left considerably in advance of the old 5-Gun Battery, preparatory to establishing new ones on those advanced sites ; it may be hoped that the ravine will afford a great deal of cover towards the Tower front. If the enemy’s men-of-war should be moored in situations to bear inconveniently on this progressive forward movement, other batteries (perhaps one will suffice) must be established in advance on the extreme right, to act against them ; and if the Lighthouse Battery shall have been silenced, the guns that did that work, or a part of them, may be taken forward.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 35.
Memorandum suggesting that the French should relieve the English of the Charge of the Left Attack, to admit of the Prosecution of the Attack against the Malakoff Toaver.
Camp before Sebastopol, 25th November 1854.
With a view to the prosecution of a renewed attack on Sebastopol, the General commanding the French Army has intimated that he would be ready shortly to open 140 pieces of ordnance Upon the place in prosecution of his former attack, and the British General will be most desirous to co-operate to the utmost extent that the means at his disposition will allow.
The British have two fronts of the enemy to oppose, one of the Redan and Barrack Batteries, the other of the Tower and adjoining lines ; and it is most desirable that both should be attacked, and in particular the Tower side, Avhich has not hitherto been possible, until the defeat of the enemy on the 5th November put the allies in possession of the ridge of land that lies over the harbour and takes any approach to the Tower in flank. To produce a proper effect upon this Tower and additional front, the Admiral commanding the fleet has undertaken to provide 40 more heavy guns, and 10 mortars (13-inch) are expected from Malta, all in addition to the 46 guns an d 9 mortars (10-inch) still remaining on the old batteries ; this Avould afford a very efficient force in artillery.
The project for this attack, after the preliminary measure of counter battering the Inkerman lighthouse Battery and driving away any shipping, would then he:
1. To obtain full possession of the ridge of heights on the extreme right, down to the Careening Bay, as well as of the entire extent of the ravine on its left.
2. To establish batteries on the most favourable sites on that height, and in front of the Toiver, ^ith advanced trenches on the latter.
3. That the effect of the fire from the whole of the batteries then established, would, it may be Assumed, open the works and reduce their fire, so as to enable a general assault to be given on those two fronts, simultaneously with one by the French on the town.
But it must be understood, that the transport of this additional artillery from Balaklava 1Vl B now he greatly impeded by the dreadful state of the country; and also, that the ^dueed state of the British forces will not admit of their undertaking this great extension of operations. With regard to the first, every effort will be made by the artillery to bring up
ese pieces ; and even when one-half of them are placed in battery, the operation, under the r^?*£ency, may perhaps be proceeded with ; and for the second, if the French Commander-in- ^ ief would relieve the British from the charge of their present Left attack (exclusive of a tteries), it would render one small division, the Third, available for this extension; the proposition ein 8> that while the British should continue to undertake the maintenance, the arming, and the
s 2
139
We have no guns upon the hill now unemployed, and, from the state of the roads and means of transport, the additions can only be brought up slowly, so that every piece will he of great value to the attack, and if applied in the first instance to the defensive redoubts and works of position, it will greatly cripple and retard the main operation, and add to the difficulties of the assault.
The operations thus proposed Avill require large Avorking parties and considerably increased covering parties, for this will cause, in fact, an extension of our attacks equal to at least one-half more than hitherto.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 34.
Appendix No. 35.

140
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
ArrENtix No. 35.
Appendix No. 36.
service generally of the batteries, the French should take charge of the remaining trenches, parallels, and communications on that side, and provide the necessary guard for the whole, which has been with the British 1,000 men.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 36.
Second Memorandum by Sir John Burgoyne, on the Expediency of attacking the Tower
Front.
Camp before Sebastopol, lltli December 1854.
The proposition made by the French Engineers for the succeeding operations before Sebastopol, and that has been acceded to, as a case of emergency, and.under some reservation, is :—to re-open the batteries against the outer works of the place, with a greatly increased power of artillery, and, after about 48 hours cannonading, to storm the town from the front of Bastion du Mat, on one side of the Man-of-War Creek, and the Redan and Barrack Batteries, on the other side, so as mutually to support one another, the former attack being undertaken by the French, and the latter by the British with the assistance of a French column. The French have already prepared their batteries (as reported by them) in greatly augmented force, while the extreme difficulties in the transport for the British greatly retard our obtaining the necessary increase, but which decidedly ought to be fully accomplished to afford the assault on the side of the Redan a chance of that success, which, independent of other considerations, the French acknowledge to be absolutely necessary for the effect of their own.
General Canrobert fears, that if the enemy direct a heavy cannonade on his batteries, in their present state, he will be forced to open them in return, to save them from destruction, and then the attack must be continued, and his wish is, that ours might follow the movement, in whatever state they may be at the time, in which consideration he is desirous that our increased means should, as they come up, be all added to our batteries on the left, so as to accumulate as much power as possible for such contingency. At best, the assault on the British side will be most arduous, but if hurried on after an imperfect preparation, as contemplated, would be most rash, and it is to be feared with less than doubtful chance of success. I should hope, therefore, that some measure may be found practicable to avoid the necessity of adopting such a course.
Contemplating, then, that time will be given for the best preparation which the means of Balaklava will afford, I would strongly recommend, that some energetic measures be forwarded without delay along the Inkerman height and towards the Careening Bay, with a view to a determined threatening of the Tower front, and so prevent all the resources from that front being added, as they now naturally would be, to oppose the attacks on the Redan and Barracks.
The principal difficulty in the way of advance along the Inkerman ridge, is the flanking fire that may be brought on it from armed ships in the harbour, and from the batteries which the enemy have, and may construct, along the north side of the port, commencing with those now established at the Lighthouse. I conceive that the general operation will be greatly facilitated, by appropriating, very early, some of our new artillery means to the object of forwarding this advance, and opposing in some degree this adverse fire of the enemy. I would therefore recommend that seven of the first guns of heavy calibre that can be brought up, with four British mortars, he applied to the battery already constructed by the French opposite the Lighthouse, that is, & v0

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
141
guns direct against the Lighthouse, and two on the left flank against the shipping and the four Appendix mortars in the neighbourhood of that battery. °~ 36 ~
I consider that the two guns, with shells and red-hot shot, would quickly clear the upper end of the harbour of any ships, and that the five guns and the mortars would contend with great advantage against the Lighthouse batteries ; it is probable that the Russian artillery would persevere in holding them, and perhaps add more batteries there, but it would be attended with considerable loss to them, and be to little real benefit.
From the very present time, and without waiting for the opening of those batteries, I would recommend at once carrying on a parallel with approaches, to the next brow on the Inkerman height, at about 600 yards in front of our present most advanced trench, avoiding exposure to view, from batteries on the north ; from that brow it is probable that another battery for a very few pieces might be established, to force the shipping still further down the harbour, and at the same time be covered by good epaulements from batteries on the north shore, or if not from that brow, from some other ground still more advanced, to which the trenches would be successively carried.
It is to be observed, that all these advanced lodgments would be very strongly situated, with the harbour on the right, the Careening Bay in front (round which any sortie must pass to get to the right, a most hazardous operation), and the extremely precipitous and impracticable bank of the ravine on the right. This would not only present very strong defensive features for the ground itself, but very greatly aid in repelling any approach whatever on the Second, First, and Light Divisions; and, considering that favourable circumstance, and the numerous duties with which our own weak force is charged, I would recommend discontinuing further improvements to our existing redoubts and works on that side, which are in a very tolerable state, applying a continuation of those means to this new proceeding.
The advantages I contemplate by this movement would be a strengthening of our position in front of the place; an increase of difficulties to any combined movements of the garrison with forces at Inkerman or from the valley of Tchernaya ; a serious threatening over an extended line of the enemy, which must tend to make him increase his defensive posts and proceedings, and which will be of still further value, should wc be able by these means to make advances towards fire little height in front of the Tower; and, lastly, to obtain such a command over the great harbour, as, I should hope, would enable us to drive the shipping within very narrow limits, if we could not do them more serious injury; and thus far without deducting, except in a very small degree, from the additional means of artillery that would be otherwise applied to our present stacks, the additions and improvements to which would still be proceeded with.
(Signed) J. F. Buegoyne.
Appendix No. 37 . Appendix
_ No. 37.
Second Memorandum, submitting that the French be requested to take the Charge of the Left Attack, or assist in the Operations on the extreme Right.
Camp before Sebastopol, 20tli December 1854.
Tiie operations on the Right, now undertaken by the British, are quite paralyzed for want of an a dequ a t e force to fulfil the necessary duties, in consequence of which no advances can be made 011 the extreme right, where they might be of great value, and even the batteries and trench .‘Works already established can scarcely be maintained, much less improved, which they greatly Acquire.

142
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 37.
Appendix No. 38.
It is understood that General Canrobert is willing to reinforce the Right, so as to enable the British to take more active measures in the general proceedings.
I would submit, that this may be done by one of two arrangements :
1. By taking charge of our Left attacks, relieving our Third Diyision, which would then be available to remove to the Right; or,
2. By placing an additional division on the Right, near our Second Division, to take part in all the operations on that side.
The effect of either proceeding would be as follows :
1. I conclude that the armament and gunners for the batteries must remain to be provided for by the British; and, in order to prevent confusion and misunderstanding, I would propose, that the maintenance of these batteries, their parapets, platforms, magazines, and the connecting trenches between them, remain also in charge of the British, but that all the rest of the trenches, parallels, and approaches, and the guard for the whole, including that for the protection of the batteries from insult, be consigned to the French, who would maintain, improve, add to, or reduce those works at their own discretion.
By the other alternative, the French Division would be required for the same amount of duty, but would be more intimately mixed up in them with the British, which might lead to inconvenient delays, and nice arrangement as to the part to be taken daily by each respectively. It would also be more difficult to allot them a proper encamping ground, without disturbing many more portions of existing encampments than would be required to provide for the Third Division.
If Lord Raglan concurs, this proposition might be submitted to General Canrobert, who may have some one altogether different, or modifications to this to offer.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne,
Lieutenant-General.
Appendix No. 38.
Memorandum on the Railway and the Army Works Corps.
Camp before Sebastopol, 22d December 1854.
With reference to the rail or tramroad that is ordered out from England, under a civil engineering establishment, to be laid down between Balaklava and the camp, the object, if it can be carried out rapidly, will be of inestimable value to the army. The great difficulty, however, will be the large amount of extra labour that it seems to be intimated will be required on the spot, and which in England it has been naturally supposed that the army could readily provide, but which it is to be apprehended it will be very difficult to obtain, still less the animal labour • in carting, that will probably also be required ; but these we shall better understand on the arrival of the gentlemen who will have charge of its management.
I must confess that I have little confidence in the success of the experiment of associating a large body of civilians with the army operations, so active as they are here, so near the enemy, and subject to the embarrassments under which the troops before Sebastopol are at present, and which are likely to continue.
The men are to have, as must be expected, a high rate of pay ; they cannot be exempt from more or less of the sickness and mortality that every other body is found liable to in the climate and state of existence in this country, which will lead to great direct additional expense, besides inconvenient demands for pensions to suffering, disabled men, for widows, and families j and the labour done by the rest will in consequence be more costly in proportion ; that rest not remaining long, probably, in a condition to make such efforts that are obtained from them io England.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
143
Notwithstanding every favour that can reasonably be shown them, they will hardly submit to Appendix the hardships and deprivations, to which all must be liable to here, without complaints, discontent, No ' 38 ‘ and inconvenient demands. It is very doubtful what extent of control can be exerted over them under the provision of their “ signing conditions of obedience to the authorities,” or how far such a simple engagement is compatible with the strict exigencies of an army in the field, and the acknowledged necessity that all attendants upon such army should be subject to martial law ; indeed, in case of any crime, there is no other law existing.
Thus I should fear, that the services they would render, would not compensate for the additional numbers that would have to be so provided and cared for.
For such undertakings as the rail or tramroad that they are specifically sent to commence with, a certain number of competent directors or superintendents, and a few workmen of this class ^ould be very necessary, but the rest, I would submit, would be far better made up by two or three companies of Sappers, who would be under military discipline and applicable to any kind of service, although inferior in the more perfect execution of the particular work so performed in England.
There is one part of the arrangement that is left indefinite, in a matter that will be extremely difficult to regulate, but the sooner it is done, and finally, the better ; it is, that the men should be Paid “ at prices, taking into consideration the dearness of living on the rations allowed them,
“ equal to what in England would give them clear ”—(here follows the number of shillings and rations). Where so little is to be procured as in this corner of the Crimea, and taking into consideration that many articles of ordinary consumption in England fetch here enormous prices,
■when to be had at all, it will now be easy to establish a compensating rate for this condition.
Appendix No. 39. Appendix
- No. 39.
Memorandum on the Capture and Occupation of the Mamelon.
Camp before Sebastopol, 26th December 1854.
A covering party, consisting of 1,200 men, to drive away all the enemy’s tirailleurs and Piquets that are outside their works, and take possession of the Mamelon in front of the Tower, lodging themselves in the rear, immediately behind the Mamelon, with about 500 men, who will throw out advanced sentries to their front; the remainder to be in reserve on the right.
A working party of 500 men will then commence a parallel, crowning the Mamelon and Extending right and left of it ; that over the Mamelon to be made with gabions, assisted by Sa ndbags, in order to gain cover as rapidly as possible.
It is assumed that the hollow at the back of the Mamelon, as far as the little valley that falls *do the great ravine on the right, is unseen by any part of the enemy’s works, and that when the Russian advanced posts shall be driven in, there will be, along the side of the hill as well as in ravine itself, a communication out of view of the garrison, all the way from the old 5-Gun attery to the back of the Mamelon ; under those circumstances we ought to be prepared to Maintain that position.
Ibis forward movement and lodgment will be so threatening and unfavourable to the garrison, its occupation will, perhaps, be contested by strong sorties on the next or some early Se quent day ; but the advantages of our situation ought to enable us to maintain it against an y efforts.
It will add to our power against such attempts, if a body of 1,000 or 1,200 men were encamped ehl nd the Old Fort,* so as to be more ready to turn out in support, should it be necessary.
* Cathcart’s Hill.

144
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 39.
Appendix No. 40.
On tlie same night on which that advance is made, a trench, or parallel with communications, should he run out on the Inkerman ridge up to the main road which crosses it, or even beyond and above the Careening Bay, if sufficient means can be obtained for it. From that trench and those in rear of it, a flanking support may be given against sorties made on the advanced position, as proposed above, and also, it is presumed, on the other flank, from our right attacks on Frenchman’s Hill. The parallel or lodgment on the left of the Mamelon might perhaps be advantageously thrown back, avoiding of course any enfilade from the batteries of the garrison above the Careening Bay.
When this position shall be fully established and in our possession, it is believed that it will not be difficult to drive the enemy’s tirailleurs from in front of the Redan, and to advance our approaches on that side.
In the operation of driving in the advanced tirailleurs and picquets of the enemy, the effect will be more forcible, decisive, and soldier-like, if done with very little firing. On our advancing, the enemy will open all their fire, from under cover, at those posts ; and if it is returned by a general wild firing on our part, it can have no effect, but will lead to a degree of confusion and to more extended loss by indicating the precise situation of our men ; whereas, if it is withheld until the enemy is clearly discernable, and while he is away from his cover, and it then be employed only by those who can clearly see their opponents, the attack will be made more formidable, and make a much greater impression on the enemy.
Ultimately, I should hope to establish some batteries on the Inkerman heights, against the shipping in the harbour, and to co-operate with those on Frenchman’s Hill against the Tower works.
(Signed) J. F. Buegoyne.
Appendix No. 40.
Memorandum by Sir John Buegoyne, on the Futuee Operations before Sebastopol.
Camp before Sebastopol, 30th December 1854.
The Allies have been driven, by the course of events, to an attack of Sebastopol under very disadvantageous circumstances.
The place was in such a state when the army first appeared before it, as rendered an attempt to storm it by a coup de main, utterly unjustifiable ; they were consequently compelled to try the effect of the battering train which they had at hand, to prepare the way for assault; the interval was long before this could be effected, some unfortunate accidents occurred that occasioned further delay, and the enemy showed subsequently a power, and energy, in establishing and renewing works, and armaments, that enabled them to keep pace fully with the progress of the attacks, while, at the same time, their army being far superior to what the allies could appropriate to oppose it in the open field, lodged itself in the neighbourhood, and was thus enabled to confine the operations of the besiegers within narrow limits; the consequence was, that the first attempt of the battering, after very persevering and spirited efforts, was without any direct result, and it has been considered necessary to await a reinforcement of troops and additional means h 1 artillery.
During this temporary cessation, the enemy made a very determined combined attack, with their army and garrison, against the right flank of the position of the allies above Inkerman, and having been completely repulsed, with a very heavy loss, the besiegers have been able to extend their front to the harbour,* thus completing the investment, for the first time, on the entire south side of the place, and have been relieved entirely from subsequent molestation from the

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
145
army in the field ; but while the result has been to reduce the possibility of any efforts from the enemy’s exterior army, by the effect of their defeat at Inkerman, added to the natural consequence of the state of the country at this time of year, it has induced him, there is every reason to believe, to strengthen the garrison; thus the allies, with little or nothing to fear from any enterprises on the part of the enemy in the field, must now be prepared for an increased power of resistance from the garrison ; the attacks upon it, consequently, require to be more powerful and more extended.
Hitherto the attacks have been necessarily directed on the right and left of the south harbour (Man-of-war Creek), the enemy’s left of which, namely that occupied by the Redan and Barrack Batteries is powerfully protected by the commanding height on which stands the tower of Malakoff.
The ground now occupied by the allies affords favourable means for an extension, and for approaching that tower and its adjoining works.
About 600 yards in front of the Tower, is a hollow affording a lengthened extent of cover from the garrison, and parallel to it, down the side of the ravine, exists an approach from the camp, also under cover excepting at a few short parts ; the garrison occupies the heights above that hollow by a line of tirailleurs, and under that protection is enabled to prolong the same system of annoyance and resistance across the front of the Redan.
By crowning that height (the Mamelon) with a lodgment*, and extending to the ravines right and left, advances may be made simultaneously across the Inkerman ridge, overlooking the Careening Bay, and subsequently advanced trenelies may be pushed nearer to the Redan ; the garrison would then be driven within its works, and a position obtained for batteries to outflank the accumulated works on the commanding and influential Malakoff Tower hill, on which those batteries could pour a converging fire, with a greater prospect of success, than any previous situation of the besiegers would admit of.
The Tower height once gained, the attack becomes enveloping, highly advantageous, and on a secure basis.
The whole of this operation, called for by circumstances, is a clear addition to the attacks hitherto undertaken by the allies, and to which already greatly increased means have been a Ppropriated ; and it is hoped that the reinforcements received and expected, will afford means °f fully carrying out this additional proceeding.
The British will probably be able to supply a large portion of the artillery requisite, but cannot Provide any of the troops for it, being already greatly overcharged with duties to a most harassing
amount.
It may be assumed, that this new advance to be made on the Tower will require a combined System of covering and working parties of not less than 1,500 men, constantly in the trenches, 0r in close reserve, with a few hundred, in addition, on first breaking ground and till the parallel completed.
About 30 pieces of heavy ordnance to be put in battery on the further end of the Inkerman yidge, including mortars and any batteries against the shipping, and perhaps a few on the height ^mediately fronting the tower.
If is confidently hoped that the British will be able to maintain their present, batteries on ^ight and Left attacks, whatever may be necessary to continue against the Inkerman Light- 0lls e, and the addition (above stated at about 30) on the lower end of the ridge ; while the r ench might perhaps provide the troops and any batteries they might judge necessary, or
csirable, on the direct attack.
(Signed) J. F. Bukgoyne.
Appendix No. 40.
This proposition had already been suggested by Sir John Burgoyne on the 26th December, vide Appendix No. 39.
i.
T

146 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix
Na 41, Appendix No. 41.
Memorandum on the Deficiencies of the Transport and Working Parties.
Camp before Sebastopol, 25th January 1855.
Evert proceeding hy the British towards offensive operations against Sebastopol must necessarily be very languid, and, indeed, can hardly be said to progress at all, owing to the impossibility hitherto of furnishing working parties, and of getting guns, ammunition, and siege Engineer stores up from Balaklava, the country being almost impracticable for carriages, the horses and means of transport reduced in an enormous degree from inclemencies of the season, and from the absolute necessity for employing nearly the whole that do exist in supplying the troops with food, fuel, clothing, and means of shelter.
A gradual collection of guns and ammunition, however, has been effected, towards rendering the batteries on the Right and Left attacks efficient and with increased powers, and the armament is also nearly ready (with its ammmunition) for the batteries against the Inkerman Lighthouse, but there is very little provision for the new batteries required against the tower of Malakoff, a very essential operation, and therefore it is to be decided what artillery means can be provided for completing that object within any given time, and for bringing up the necessary platforms and other Engineer stores.
It is also very necessary that additional working parties should be provided for the re-establishment of the existing batteries, many of which are still inefficient, as well as the progress that is very much required for new batteries and approaches.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 42.
Appendix -
No. 42.
Revised Armament of the English Batteries for the Redan Attack.
S IE , Camp before Sebastopol, 30th January 1855.
Lieut.-Colonel Dacres, commanding the Royal Artillery has desired me to afford you the following information, in reply to your note of this morning ; viz. :—
1. The whole of the guns and mortars required for the armament of the batteries against Sebastopol, are now up at the front. They are being conveyed each night down to the trenches.
2. The greater part of the carriages are also up at the front, and the remainder will be up in a few days.
3. About 250 rounds per gun, and about 100 rounds per mortar are now up at the front, and are also being conveyed down to the batteries.
Orders have been sent to the troops and batteries at Balaklava to make use of all the transport they can, in order to bring up more shot, shell, and ammunition. But their means are small; and the quantity of ammunition still required to be brought up is very great.
The men of the Royal Artillery, belonging to companies employed in the siege, will be sent daily to the depot at the Barrier du Col, to convey shot, &c., to the front. Captain Lushington will also be asked to lend assistance of the same kind with men of the Naval Brigade.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
147
Major Gage lias also been sent to the French Head Quarters to ask for assistance. By these means it is hoped that the armament of the batteries will not be now long delayed.
I enclose you a return, showing the proposed armament of the batteries.
I have, &c.
(Signed) John Adye,
Lieut.-General Sir J. Burgoyne, G.C.B., Lieut.-Colonel, A.A.G.
&e. &c. &c.
Proposed Second Armament of the Trenches and Batteries against Sevastopol.
Name of Battery.
Number
of
Guns.
Nature of Guns.
Remarks.
Left Attack
1
3 15 13
4
4
5 5
10-inch gun.
68-pounder guns, Naval. 24-pounders.
32-pounders, 56 cwt., Naval. 32-pounders. 42 cwt., Naval. 8-inch guns 13-inch mortarf 10-inch mortars.
Total -
Picquet Battery
50
1
1
1
1
1
24-pounder.
10-inch gun, Naval. 32 pounders, 56 cwt. 13-inch mortar.
10-inch mortar.
Light Attack
Total -
6
5
1
11
1
1
5
68-pounders, Naval. 24-pounders.
8-inch gun,
32-pounders, 56 cwt., Naval. 32-pounders, 42 cwt., Naval. 13-inch mortar.
10-inch mortar.
Total -
Ink
erman Batteries
30
•{
9
4
32 -pounders. 13-ineh mortars.
Total
13
^eut.-General Sir John Burgoyne, G.C.B., &c. &c. &c.
(Signed) John Adye,
Lieut.-Colonel, A. A. G.
Appendix No. 42.

148
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 43.
Appendix No. 43.
Instructions for the renewed Bombardment of Sebastopol.
Note.
Au Quartier General devant Sebastopol, 2 Fevrier 1855.
Il resulte des dispositions adoptees en Conseil le l cr Fevrier 1855, et suivant le vceu exprime par le Lieutenant-General Sir J. Burgoyne, que des travaux d’approche devrons etre executes devant la Tour Malakof, afin de pouvoir attaquer, par ce point dominant, le faubourg de Karabel- naia, en meme temps qu’on donnera l’assaut a la partie ouest de la ville.
Cette decision a ete motivee par la consideration des avantages qu’il y aura a attaquer une place renfermant une veritable armee par un cote de l’enceinte ou les colonnes d’assaut pourront se developer a l’interieur et avancer dans un ordre resistant, tandis que le cote ouest de la place ne presente que des issues resserees par des ravins et des espaces etroits.
II a ete toutefois admis, que l’attaque contre la ville ne serait pas complctement subordonnee a l’achevement des travaux contre la Tour Malakof, si des circonstances tout a fait imprevues devaient les prolonger trop longtemps ; mais on aurait toujours a se feliciter de les avoir entrepris puisqu’ils serviraient, tout au moins, a menacer l’ennemi sur ce point; et que dans le cas ou l’effet produit par notre artillerie ne permettrait pas de tenter l’assaut avec chance de succes, ou pourrait reprendre l’attaque de la Tour Malakof sans faire en quelque sorte aveu d’insuffisance devant la partie ouest de la ville, ainsi qu’il adviendrait si l’on attendait qu’une tentative infructueuse obligeat a recourir a un nouveau point d’attaque.
Dans ces donnees et afin de ne pas retarder sensiblement le moment de l’ouverture du feu, on s’est arrete aux dispositions suivantes :
1 °. Pendant les 10 a 12 jours de beau temps qu’il faut encore a l’artillerie Fran 9 ai.se pour completer la construction, l’armement, et l’approvisionnement des nouvelles batteries qu’elle a entreprise contre le bastion central, on construira deux batteries destinees a croiser leurs feux tant sur le Mamelon en avant de la Tour Malakof que sur la Tour elle-meme ; l’une de huit pieces environ dans la parallele avancee de l’attaque de droite Anglaise; l’autre de 15 pieces au moins, sur le versant est du ravin de Carenage; l’execution de cette derniere comprenant celle de quelques boyaux de communication. On entreprendra en memo temps, sur le contrefort de la ’Tour, et autant que le feu de l’ennemi le permettra, les travaux d’approche destines a faciliter l’ouverture d’une parallele a etablir sur le Mamelon a 600 metres environ de la Tour.
2°. Ces travaux preparatoire etant termines, on ouvrira le feu de toutes les batteries Anglaises et Fransaises dans des conditions telles, qu’il puisse durer quelques jours ; et sous la protection de ce feu on executera immediatement a l’ouest, les travaux d’approche qui permettront d’aborder le bastion central, et a l’est, la parallele qui doit couronner le Mamelon au sud de la Tour Malakof, ainsi qu’une batterie de 15 pieces qu’il est necessaire d’etablir dans une parallele, ou un peu en avant.
Cette batterie sera construite en sacs-a-terre remplis a l’avance, et son armement, ainsi que son approvisionnement, auront ete conduits au prealable a proximite, de maniere a ne pas retarder le moment de l’assaut.
On passera ensuite en avant, tant sur le contrefort de la Tour que sur celui du Redan, les chemine- ments qui seront juges utiles et possibles pour diminuer les distances auxquelles les colonnes devront etre lancees.
Ces dispositions ne semblent pas devoir prolonger beaucoup la duree du siege, a la condition de preparer des a present et avec activite les moyens d’execution.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 149
A cet effet, le General-en-Clief de l’armee Fraiir;aise propose de detacher pour les batteries flanquantes de l’attaque Malakof, un offieier superieur du genie et un officier superieur d’artillerie, qui s’entendront avec les chefs de service competents de l’armee Anglaise, pour appliquer a la construction de l’armement et a l’approvisionnemeut de ces batteries tous les moyens dont l’armee Anglaise pourra disposer, sauf a les completer a l’aide des ressources de l’armee Fran$aise. Pour la construction des deux batteries, le service du genie Anglais fournira autant de sapeurs et de travailleurs qu’il le pourra, ainsi que les gabions et tous les bois de plateformes qui ne lui seront pas indispensables pour ses propres besoins.
En ce qui est de l’armement, on pense que, en egard aux conditions d’offensive plus prononcees dans lesquelles on va entrer, on pourrait utiliser : 1°. Les sept canons et quatre mortiers que l’nrtillerie Anglaise avait destinees a la batterie du fond du port; et 2°. Les sept canons qu’elle a cn reserve a son pare en sus de l’armement de ses anciennes batteries, soit un total de 14 canons et quatre mortiers. Les deux batteries projetees ne devant etre armees que de 23 pieces environ. 11 ne resterait que neuf canons a amener de Balaklava, et l’on reclamerait ce soin de l’artillerie Anglaise. II serait toutefois a desirer qu’on put mettre dans la batterie du Carenage des pieces de 68 ou de tres gros calibre.
L’approvisionnement en munitions devra etre de 500 coups environ par piece, et pour le completer a ce taux, dans les delais convenables, le General-en-Chef de l’armee Frangaise viendra en a ide, s’il est necessaire, a l’insutlisance des moyens de transport Anglais. Le service des deux batteries sera fait, bien entendu, par l’artillerie ou par la marine Anglaise. En un mot, les deux armees mettraient en commun toutes leurs ressources et leurs efforts pour atteindre le but le plus Promptement possible. Quant a l’execution de la parallele sur le Mamelon et de la batterie qu’elle comporte, l’armee Frangaise s’en chargera ; elle demandera seulement a l’armee Anglaise de lui fournir autant de sacs-a-terre qu’elle le pourra et de mettre a sa disposition pour la batterie du Mamelon, les pieces en reserve a Balaklava, ainsi que des canonniers, si 1 artillerie Frangaise etait depourvue.
Appendix No. 44.
Memorandum on Transport.
Camp before Sebastopol, 3rd February 1855.
Tag deficiencies in the organization and equipment of the British army, particularly in the dern of transport, have become so notorious during the service in the Crimea, that there will be
110 reluctance on the part of Government to authorize a better system, provided every degree of ec °Uomy is used consistent with the primary consideration, thorough efficiency; nor is any time *° be lost in the necessary preparation which ought to be forthcoming and with the army early
111 ^ay, if possible, at latest.
The Engineer Field Department is one that particularly requires this improvement. The j losing are my impressions on this subject, which may serve as reminders on some matters, but not bigoted to them, and quite inclined to believe that many may be advantageously ° Vtr rulcd or modified.
T We should not lose time in considering, as of first urgency, the kind of carriage, the specific glides to be carried, or the arrangements of packing ; any waggon, cart, or pack-saddle will carry Engineer stores; the great and first attention is required to a provision and organization of or ses and drivers.
Appendix No. 43.
Appendix No. 44.

150
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 44.
2. By considering the men as Sappers, it is presumed the matter may be commenced without a new warrant, but they must be found qualified to ride, drive, and take good care of horses.
3. I would not subdivide them per company of Sappers in the field, as done by the French, but make the basis a distinct mass which might be called one “ Train,” as shorter than a “ Field Depot.”
4. One train, then, I would assimilate in horse power to about one battery of artillery, or say 120 horses applied to as many waggons (including a forge), or carts, or mixed as would take 80, the remaining 40, for non-commissioned officers’ riding and for pack-saddles, the whole of these latter 40 being considered spare and available for draught.
5. Spare horses are very necessary to ensure never losing a carriage, and those horses, when efficient, still perform useful work with pack-saddles. Pack-saddle loads are often peculiarly useful where carriages cannot go ; by this mixture also a sore shoulder or withers may be given a pack-saddle, a sore back put to draught, though these ought never to occur.
6. A saddle might be contrived that would answer for riding, for shafts of a carriage, or for a load. The Spanish Castilian pack-saddle would do admirably. I am satisfied, in my own mind, that it is the best in the world, the lightest, easiest kept in order, cheapest, and most easy made to fit any back or to be adjusted for the cure of any sore. It would, I think, be quite worth while to have a few brought to England as a pattern, and a thoroughly qualified muleteer and saddle maker, if they are distinct, which I doubt, to thoroughly instruct us in every matter connected with it. The long double pad, which in Spain is filled with long straw, might be made durable by adopting in lieu a double pad amply stuffed, as by English sadlers, but given the necessary stiffness and pliability by long stripes of whalebone, or even cane, along the upper surface.
7. One driver for two horses is, I believe, a good allowance ; that would give 60 drivers, to which must be added the proper number of non-commissioned officers (the officers would be Engineers, and I should say not less than 1 captain, 2 subalterns per train), a collar maker, a shoeing smith, and a wheeler.
8. It would be proper for the non-commissioned officers and the above three artificers to be carried as much as possible, as they will be required to work after the halt, and the noncommissioned officers to move about on the line of march ; but having their kits, &c., carried, it must be understood that in times of pressure they must march, and in short that the being carried is an indulgence and convenience to the service, rather than a right.
9. As a company or detachment of Sappers will almost universally accompany every train, the three artificers may always have assistance in then- trades from the Sappers.
10. The horses and drivers of the Engineer train and sometimes the artillery, unlike cavalry, would always be turned to account. In England, even from the commencement of their being raised, and subsequently, ever after, they might be employed habitually in the useful work of the department that must otherwise be paid for in another shape, taking care to give them sufficient periodical exercise as a “ field train,” which would be very little. In the field, during periods of halts, if not all required for Engineer services, they would keep up the Commissariat supplies for their own department, or, if they could, in assistance of others, so that they never could be considered a purely extra expense.
11. The horses do not require, as for artillery or cavalry, to be individually of great power; therefore, instead of those great long-legged animals, it would be far preferable to have a lcW (about 15 hands), compact, strong, punchy, hardy animal, easier to be obtained, probably easier to put up and take care of, and easier replaced by country horses, if necessary, as regards fitting of harness and carriages.
12. Some consideration is required to the manner of drawing. English collars are perfect when in high order and fitting thoroughly, but are difficult to maintain entirely efficient ; then each horse requires his own, they are not universally applicable like a saddle ; this would be very

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
151
inconvenient to the application of the pack-saddle and riding horses to draught ; would not breastplates do for them ? or is it impossible to have a collar capable of adjustment to suit any two or more horses of nearly equal size ?
It would be a fine thing to ascertain how the lasso system could be applied for very occasional service.
13. It is so difficult to get Englishmen to take an interest in the well-doing of their horses, that it should not be the refuse that should have this employment, but men of steady character, and the service so favoured by allowances, &c., as to make it a punishment to be sent from it to join a Sapper company ; to be considered, therefore, a select body, any one given at all to drink to be at once sent away, as quite unfit to be trusted with horses; and so for sore backs, sore shoulders, or horses in bad working condition without perceptable reason.
14. The men to be armed, but in the lightest manner, but so as not to require escorts against straggling marauders, peasants, &c., or unless where an enemy in some compact force might be met with. I am not at all satisfied about the advantages of a revolver pistol, nor is pistol practice good for defence like what is put to the shoulder ; on the contrary, I do not think them fit for rough usage ; nor do I approve of a great big heavy sabre, which the French give to every mounted man, even those who drive their waggons ; the best thing, in my opiuion, would be a Very light gun or musket, not larger nor much heavier than an ordinary fowling-piece, if double- harrelled all the better, slung on the back, as all the French drivers have, and looks convenient and neat; I don’t think I would have a bayonet, but if some side-arm is thought desirable, let it be a manageable cutting tool or sword, to fit on the muzzle of the piece or not as thought best, hut decidedly not such a clumsy very heavy concern as the sword usually applied to rifles. The pouches for ammunition, caps, &c., and the side-arm, might be carried on a waist belt.
The clothing should be comfortable and adapted to the work, and shoes or boots adapted to marching as well as riding.
15. For carriages and loads, I am quite against the proposition of the late Colonel Colqulioun, R.A., to adopt a carriage precisely like an artillery ammunition waggon, with two great boxes, one on the fore and one on the hind wheels, to carry Engineer stores. The great weight of such a carriage, in proportion to capacity or weight of load it would carry, would be preposterous ; we want carriages that should have very strong wheels and axles, but the rest light and simple and capacious, very little divided into compartments, and that only for small articles and stores, the rest being made up in compact bundles ; such a body of a carriage would be 1‘ghter and more generally available for different assortments of tools and stores as may be Squired, cutting tools, or such as require to be protected from injury, rather, secured in distinct Rather cases or receptacles than in partitions in the carriage, and they will be more easily Collected in masses in one carriage or applied on pack-saddles.
16. Waggons or carts, is an interesting matter for inquiry, each have their advocates ; I am r ather inclined for the carts (two-horse), but I believe, perhaps, a mixture might be best, say—
14 Waggons - - - - 56 horses.
1 Forge do. - - 4 „
10 Carts - - - - * 20 „
80
The horses draw to more advantage in a cart all close to the carriage, than lengthened out to caders in the waggon ; from the cart they may be driven from the carriage, instead of being r jdden, which may be of advantage ; it is also of great advantage that all the wheels should be Sltn ilar, which is difficult in the waggon without cutting into the body of it inconveniently, and St Hall wheels are extremely inconvenient in deep ground.
Appendix No. 44.

152 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix At present, near tlie camp, the wheels, if not large, frequently sink below the axle-tree, and No. 44. then can no longer, by any possibility, be dragged on, and the waggon is not so well adapted to any very light road.
17. It will be very desirable to have every thing so as to be able to apply country horses, or even mules, to the service ; and as they are very frequently smaller than what is here contemplated, although often excellent for their size and hardy, some extra arrangements will be desirable for additional numbers, by extra harness, plenty of outriggers, &c., for instance, the ordinary two-horse cart might have three country horses abreast, &c.; even with the English horses, in a hard country, and when the animals are in low condition, it is well to have means of applying an extra force.
18. It is presumed that shafts will always be preferred to poles.
19. I am decidedly against the mixture of pontoons with the ordinary Engineer train, as proposed by General Lewis : for passage of rivers, there should be a regular pontoon train ; if some very small equipment is desired on account of a chance of wanting to pass some small streams or canals, carry a few bundles of the India-rubber rafts, with or without superstructure, as may be thought advisable.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix APPENDIX No. 45.
No. 45.
Recommendation to augment the Corps of Royal Engineers, in consequence of the Experience gained in the Crimea.
Camp before Sebastopol, 5th February 1855.
The result of this campaign in the Crimea manifestly exhibits that the several departments of the army for the field are capable of great improvement, and their reform will probably hereafter not be so much discouraged as hitherto.
Among others, let us not lose sight of the immense advantage of a very large force of Sappers, with abundance of tools and implements ; had we 1,000 or 1,200 here, they could be employed professionally to the greatest advantage, while at any periods when they may not be so required, or during a march through the country, they are excellent soldiers.
In a siege they are notoriously invaluable; they are always available for the works, and for those of the most arduous and artistical character ; if for the reduction of a small fort or post, » considerable number of Sappers would be most influential, and greatly reduce the artillery and other means that would otherwise be required ; for intrenchments of all kinds, passages of rivers, or obstacles in traversing a country, their utility may readily be understood.
But, independent of their purely military professional services, there are a vast number of other works to be performed with an army, where artificers, under proper control, are very much needed, and where the Sappers, if in sufficient number, could have rendered far more extended services of essential utility than they have been enabled to do in the construction and repairs of wharves and stores, roads, hospitals, temporary barracks, stables, &c., &c., and even in smaller matters—packing-cases, interior fitments, and various other jobs ; there is always a large demand for artificers for everything, in short, that is to be done by skilled labour. The services and comforts of the army would be greatly facilitated and improved by a large force of such a body available.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
153
There is an additional advantage of the Sappers, that it is essentially a most useful corps in time of peace j the value of the work done by them is nearly equivalent to the whole of their cost.
In the Colonies they are particularly valuable ; they perform necessary work that would otherwise he very costly, and frequently in situations of danger and inconvenience, where no civilians could he expected to go ; and for times of need, which may he rare, they are on the spot and at once available as excellent soldiers.
I would strongly recommend a great increase to the corps of Sappers, and to be as speedily raised as possible.
I hope they are obtained from the militia.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Appendix No. 40.
Letter of the Commanding Royal Engineer in the Crimea, reporting the Death of
Captain Inglis.
Royal Engineer Camp, before Sebastopol,
Sir, 17th November 1854.
It is my painful duty to report, for the information of the Assistant Inspector-General of Fortifications, that the screw transport “ Prince ” was wrecked in the outer harbour of Balaklava on the 14th instant, having on board the detachment of one sergeant and three privates of the Royal Sappers and Miners, as well as the civil diver, Mr. J. Gordon, and Mr. Orchard, attached to the galvanic apparatus, as noticed under Brigade Order 11th October 1854, together
with the stores, &c., as per invoices dated “ Tower, October 16, 1854,” attached thereto, marked A. and B.
I had sent Captain W. M. Inglis, R.E., on the arrival of this vessel, into Balaklava, to inspect mid report on the state and efficiency of the various articles of this equipment brought out in the “ Prince.”
I deeply regret to add, that in the discharge of this duty he also perished.
Captain Inglis was a most zealous officer, and he is a great loss to the corps.
Yours, &c.
To Colonel E. Matson, R.E., (Signed) J. W. Gordon,
Assistant Adjutant-General. Captain, Royal Engineers.
Report of the Commanding Royal Engineer in the Crimea on Lieutenant Martin’s
being wounded.
Camp before Sebastopol, 25th November 1854.
Lieutenant Martin signalized himself for ability, zeal, and cheerfulness in the execution of his duties ; and, while condoling with Captain Chapman in deploring the loss of Lieutenant Martin’s Se rvices, I have great satisfaction in taking this opportunity of bringing his name favourably to ^e notice of the Inspector-General of Fortifications.
(Signed) J. W. Gordon, Captain, R.E.
Appendix No. 45.
Appendix No. 46.
U

154
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 46.
Memoranda on the Deficiencies of the Engineer Transport during the Winter Campaigns
of 1854-55.
Royal Engineer Camp, before Sebastopol,
Sir, . 13th December 1854.
I have to inform you that the araba transport of the Engineer Department, has become quite unserviceable ; aud though I still have oxen and araba s, the wretched condition of the former is such that I have not one vehicle fit to go to Balaklava and back.
As long as I had means of transport I lent it to the Commissariat Department, and the few mules I have, and the officer’s bat horses, are constantly employed in bringing up provisions and forage.
I am very anxious to bring up the materials necessary for putting our batteries in an efficient state, but as the Commissariat and the Artillery have so much on hand themselves, I cannot apply for aid to them.
I take this opportunity of recommending that the Engineer Department should be allowed a certain proportion of field carriage transport.
I have, &c.
(Signed) J. W. Gordon,
Lieut.-General Sir J. F. Burgoyne, Captain R.E.
&c. & c. &c.
Report of the Commanding Royal Engineer on the Impediments offered by the Weather
to the Construction of Siege Works.
16th January.
This has been a most trying day to the endurance of the men. By constant reliefs, and the employment of a few men only at a time, it was hoped that the battery might have been kept clear of snow ; but the men’s clothes became frozen in a few minutes, and their faces, hands, and hair completely covered with one mass of ice.
With the Line the attempt was given up, but the Sappers endeavoured to stand to their work ; the snow, however, drifting in quite as fast as they could shovel it out, they were at length withdrawn. On the night of the 16tli, the Sappers cleared the snow from the approaches to the advanced works, but from the severity of the weather neither the Line nor the Turks were employed.
(Signed) J. W. Gordon,
Brevet-Major and C.R.E.
Captain Keane’s Report on the Arrival of the Huts and the Establishment of several
Depots along the Road to the Front.
Sir, Balaklava, 1st January 1854.
In compliance with your instructions received this day, in reference to the hut accommodation for the troops in the Crimea, and the difficulties attending their transport to the heights above Sebastopol, I beg to make the following remarks and suggestions :—
1st. That a sufficient number of huts to accommodate the troops in and about Balaklava should be erected, immediately, on the line of route to the heights, and in the immediate vicinity of the town, to be occupied by any newly arrived force or by any detailed for that purpose.
2d. That at a distance of a mile and a half further on the road, under the encampment of the heavy brigade of cavalry, a second portion of the huts should be erected, to be used as a depot or

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
155
station for forwarding either huts or provisions to the front; the troops on the Balaklava side undertaking their transport to that point, the distance being sufficiently short to enable the men to return to their huts after a long day’s work.
Should this system be approved of, a third station might be formed between the second and the heights, to be used in a similar way.
I have not entered into an examination of the Malta huts, in the hope my suggestions may be approved of, and be carried into immediate effect, and be the means of at least lessening the difficulties that now exist to the transport of the huts.
I have, &c.
(Signed) H. Fane Keane,
The Commanding Royal Engineer. Captain Royal Engineers.
Royal Engineer Office, Balaklava,
Sin, 12th January 1855.
I have the honour to transmit to you a Return, as below, of the number of huts under my charge issued to the troops serving in the Crimea, up to this date :—
34 huts.
34 boxes of tools.
102 rolls of felt.
34 stoves.
170 stove pipes.
34 stove plates.
The following regiments have each taken portions of one hut in addition to the huts enumerated above—
2d Dragoons.
77th Regiment.
Grenadier Guards.
46th Regiment.
68th Regiment.
The Diamond wharf and the gabion pier are now crowded with materials, and I am taking advantage of this circumstance to issue to all the regiments that apply as many huts as they can undertake to transport. I have countersigned orders for thirteen this afternoon, which will be in course of removal to-morrow.
Of the detachment of one corporal and five Sappers and Miners sent to me three days since, one has been sent to Scutari, and two are very ill in the General Hospital.
I have, &c.
(Signed) H. Fane Keane.
Major Gordon, Captain Royal Engineers.
Commanding Royal Engineers before Sebastopol.
Extracts from the Daily Reports to the Head Quarters, Royal Engineers, before Sebastopol.
Balaklava, 13th January.
The tools and other articles which I have succeeded in landing on the other side of the harbour, at the Diamond wharf, in charge of Lieutenant James, R.N., will be conveyed up to the front in French ammunition waggons, by degrees, and I hope that they will soon reach the park. This is the only mode we now have of sending you materials, as the Turks have ceased to he employed as carrying parties for more than a week past.
(Signed) J. Raines,
95th, Assistant Engineer.
v 2
Appendix No. 46.

156 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
ArrjiNTiix Balaklava, 18th January.
No. 46. Neither the platform liurters 10 ins. square, nor the sleepers 8x8 ins., and 3-in. planking,
can be sent to the front, as they are too heavy for the French ammunition waggons. I have asked Major Hall to apply to Sir Colin Campbell for Turks; but Sir Colin’s answer was, that 2,000 had died, 2,000 were sick, and the remainder unfit for work.
(Signed) J. Raines,
95th Regt.
APPENDIX
No. 47.
Appendix No. 17 .
Morning States of the British Army under the command of Lord Raglan.*
Detached on
Sick.
Officers.
Command, Batmen,
Present under Arms.
and otherwise
employed.
Present.
Absent.
•3
3
General
Corps.
3
3
3
<V
• 1
3 .
o>
s
3 .
3
3 .
jy
e
K
60
£
£ «
£
£
Total.
B
3
Ste*
5
P3
CO
C a o b0 t->
in
£ S
I!
1
*3
s
3
1
CO
3
3
4)
fco
u
0)
CQ
B s 5s
a i
H
*3
3
3
-3
□
3
M
CO
a
03
V
to
s.
a*
in
3 s
a> 3
§*§
& £ gQ
H
■3
3
03
§
PS
CO
a
C3
<V
O)
in.
| a
s *■* gfl
H
3
3
(3
§
«
Cavalry
169
152
35
1,802
37
2
268
12
1
138
20
3
306
2,945
Artillery
122
116
30
2,538
—
—
34
—
—
—
i
—
205
3,046
Sappers and Miners -
23
18
9
283
12|
2f
15 5f
—
—
10
—
—
22
534
Infantry
773
1,055
438
16,564
294
22
3,977
15
1
129
246
60
5,544
29,118
Total, 1st October 1 1854 - -J
1,087
1,341
V
512
21,187
>
343
t
26
4,434
27
2
277
267
63
6,077
35,643
23,040
4,803
306
6,407
Cavalry
111
115
27
1,282
51
2
452
13
1
133
31
7
465
2,690
Artillery
121
132
31
2,668
r 6
2
252
{ 4
1
8
1
—
117
| 3,716
Sappers and Miners -
26
17
9
273
J
l—
—
36
—
—
12
Infantry
709
1,038
443
16,308
283
16
3,699
56
8
1,020
254
48
4,901
28,783
Total, 3d Novein-1 her 1854 - J
967
1,302
510
20,531
340
20
4,403
73
t
10
1,197
j
286
\
55
5,495
35,189
22,343
1 " \T
4,763
1,280
5,836
Cavalry
106
118
24
1,230
51
2
446
12
2
162
33
8
486
2,680
Artillery - -1
Sappers and Miners j
141
149
41
2,949
6
2
251
2
—
41
1
—
129
3,712
Infantry
596
969
426
14,874
286
22
3,607
87
12
1,239
316
58
5,778
28,270
Total, 14 th Novem-1 her 1854 - - J
843
1,236
491
19,053
343
26
4,304 _ >
101
1
14
1,442
;
350
i
66
6,393
34,662
20,780
4,673
1,557
6,809
* These Returns are copies of those which were furnished at the time to Lord Raglan, t Detached at Bucharest, Gallipoli, &c.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Detached on Command, Batmen, and otherwise employed
Present under Arms,
icers.
Present.
Absent.
General
Total.
16,973
31,625
2,097
32,090
5,091
"Hi * 1 * 4 Mi,
16,185
20,072
14,838
4,939
43,960
5,649
6,246
20,444
APPENDIX No. 47.

•V-; %.
;K p *

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
159
Appendix No. 48.
TRENCH JOURNAL.
1854 ,
BIGHT ATTACK.
'-’ate.
Time.
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.*
Work performed.
Remarks.
250f
16
Capt. Craigie -
About 350 yards in front of the Picquet House, a half-sunken battery called the Left Lancaster was commenced, for two long- range guns. A trench was added on the left of the battery to afford communication with the ravine. 146 gabions were filled. Ground very rocky, with little surface soil.
Each workman was furnished only with one tool, viz., either a pick or a shovel.
Capt. Lovell
Continued the Left Lancaster battery.
The enemy have established a regular chain of infantry picquets among the rocks in our advance.
150
8
8 C 4
Lieut, de Vere -
Improved trench of Left Lancaster battery. Added a return of 48 feet on right, to protect the interior from the Tower. Laid two platforms. Bevetted battery with sandbags (five courses above the gabions). The embrasures were masked, and built up inside.
The greater part of the earth for this battery was collected in sandbags anu baskets from near the Picquet House.
200
16
Capt. Stanton -
Commenced the Eight Lancaster battery to fire against the ships at the head of Careening Creek; and added a short supporting trench at each end. The ground was very rocky, and the interior consequently very uneven. 132
gabions were filled.
Some shells were thrown by the enemy, and the working party were shortly after withdrawn. A second relief of workmen had been demanded; their non-arrival delayed the completion of the battery for a whole day.
-
-
8
Lieut. Graves -
Continued the batteries.
r
275.
16 C.
Capt. Craigie -
Improved the Right Lancaster bat-
Nearly all the earth was
1 st <
2 d j
Sailors
75
200 .
Sailors
75
16
Lieut. Pratt.
tery j revetted the upper part with sandbags; laid platforms. The embrasures were formed and masked ; the trench on its right was continued and transformed into a 6 -gun portion to fire against the Tower. Good cover obtained, excepting in parts where the solid rock protruded.
carried in baskets from the rear.
75.
Sailors
75
8
Lieut. Neville - Lieut. Graham.
Increased parapet of Left Lancaster battery. Dug out the ground for, and fixed a magazine.
u «t. 7
^t.8
u n.a
Night
Day-
Night
Night
Day
Night
■Night
* All the officers named in this column are “ Royal Engineers," unless otherwise stated, f The working parties in this column are “ British troops ” of the Line, unless otherwise stated, t Those marked u C.” are carpenters.

160
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1334 -
Working Party.
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
R.E. Officers on Duty.
"Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 10
Day
Casualties:—Line, one B> killed; one officer 31 one man wounded-*
Night
1,200
32
Capt. Inglis Capt. Montagu. Lieut. Stokes. Lieut. Martin. Lieut. Lennox. Lieut. Donnelly.
Traced, and commenced on Green, hill a parallel (AB, Plan No. VI.) 1000 yards long. Good cover obtained, in parts six feet ; hut towards the right, owing to the rocky ground, only three feet could be obtained. Gabions and sandbags used only at places intended for batteries, the remainder of the parallel executed as simple trench work. 600 sandbags and 400 gabions were employed ; the former, chiefly for collecting and carrying earth.
Very little work was d°P e ’ r . though there was no i° ruption from the ene ^ The men, however, unaccustomed to the . of intrenching tools, 3 ^ the number of officer Engineers and of available was too sn> 3
1 20 ®
Tools employed : -— l 'u, pickaxes, 1,200 sho , Si 24 mallets, 18 6-feet to 48 50-yard tapes, ® terns.
Oct. 11
Day
200
5 Lieut. Philips
Trenches opened on previous evening, partially widened. Rocky portions loosened. The officers of Royal Engineers, picketted the extent of the batteries and marked out the embrasures.
Tools employed :-200 P ^ axes, 200 shovels, crowbars.
. tbi r "
Casualties : — Line,
teen men wounded.
Night
600.
Sailors
100
34
Lieut. Graham - Lieut. Lennox. Lieut. Donnelly.
Increased width of trench and parapet, especially on the right, and converted it into four batteries. A traverse constructed at No. 3 battery. Embrasures for batteries carefully picketted out. Sailors employed in filling sandbags for the intended traverses in No. 2 battery.
Enemy kept up a sharp between 1 and 2 A.* 1- ’ without any effect 1 a.m. a panic was c g ( by a reported s ° r 0 ftK the garrison ; SOIlie >l0 le 0 soldiers and the wjj the sailors dt'seW’., work, and many pet return. Progress' satisfactory in quence.
Tools employed ® ^ i0® axes, 626 shovels- „s. baskets, 58 handb 3 ^ 0 <f' 50 rammers, 2- bars.
Materials expended-, io 3 * 1 sandbags, 192 S 3 74 fascines.
* These numbers include the total number of casualties that occurred during the 24 hours of each day.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
161
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Pate.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 10
Day
-
*
16
16 C.
Lieut. Murray -
Right Lancaster battery improved.
Casualties:—Line, two men wounded.
Night
250
8
8 C.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Graves.
Worked at Right Lancaster or Tower battery. Ground very difficult. Two platforms were fixed. Four embrasures built and masked. Three guns were mounted this evening, viz.: two 68-pounders and one Lancaster.
It was intended to break ground this evening for the first line of batteries; but the darkness of the night prevented the position marked being recognized.
Oct. u
Day
-
50
4
8 C.
Lieut. Murray -
Improved Right Lancaster or Tower battery ; fixed, and covered partly with sandbags, three magazines ; laid six platforms. Four 8-inch guns in Tower battery, and one Lancaster gun in Right Lancaster battery are now mounted.
Casualties:—Line one man killed.
Night
400
16
Capt. Lovell Lieut. Baynes.
Frenchman’s Hill_Ground was
broken along the line (a b, Plan No. VI.) to form first line of batteries. An approach to the rear ( b c) was commenced across the exposed part of the hill. Ground very rocky.
Two brigades of Sappers, missing their way while proceeding to this battery, marched into a Russian picquet, and gave the alarm to the troops. The Russian batteries opened a heavy lire, but did no damage.
* Tt,„
i
i
Su tseq U e n 1 J n J a ^ er workmen employed during the daytime cannot be stated, as the official records are missing for this and many

162 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.' 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 12
Day
-
200
5
Lieut. Philips -
Improved parallel ; widened and deepened it. The magazine timbers were prepared in the park.
Casualties;—Line, two m eI1 ■wounded.
Night
800.
Sailors
100
24
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Neville. Lieut. Donnelly. Lieut. Stokes.
Levelled terreplein of batteries, and widened trench. Prepared sites for magazines in rear of Nos. 1 and 3 batteries. Carried down timber for three magazines and four platforms. 150 of the men were employed as a carrying party. The sailors commenced to build the sandbag traverses in Nos. 1 and 2 batteries.
Not fired upon by enemy- Tools employed :-700 P' C3 [ axes, 700 shovels, 60 baS" kets, 44 hand barron’S’ 20 crowbars, 15 saws, 2 mallets, 17 6-feet rods, 3 tracing tapes, 5 levels. .
Materials expended sandbags, 250 gabions, < fascines.
Oct. 13
Day
200
24
8 C.
Lieut. Graham - Lieut. Chapman, 20th Begt.
Improved trenches and prepared ground for laying platforms. The rock had to he blasted in several places.
Sharp fire on working P 3 ^” ties all day, without, bo ever, causing many caStt . alties, or any damag to the works.
Casualties:—Line, one m 3 , killed ; one officer an two men wounded.
Night
800.
Sailors
100
20
8 C.
Capt. Inglis - - Lieut. Martin. Lieut. Philips. Capt. Biddulph,
B.A.
No. 1 Battery.—150 men nearly completed parapet; made and masked four embrasures ; commenced one traverse ; partially levelled ground for platforms; nearly completed one magazine, and excavated a second.
No. 2 Battery.—150 men placed a second tier of gabions on those already laid down, and continued the revetment, which had been formed of sandbags, to the same height. Traverses continued, and one raised to full height.
No. 3 Battery.—100 men thickened parapet to 7 feet, on a length of 80 feet; laid out two additional gun portions on the left; continued 40 feet of sandbag revetment to a height of 5 feet 6 inches, and heightened epaulement by one row of sandbags. This battery has now eight gun portions.
No.4Battery.— 150men placed one additional row of gabions on traverses ; excavated for a magazine ; thickened parapet, and widened and partially levelled the terreplein. 150 men improved the parallel. 100 men carried materials from the park to the trenches. 100 sailors made traverses in No. 2 battery.
Tools employed140 axes, 140 shovels, 20 b 3 s kets, 10 saws, 3 lantern-’ 1 set of mining tools- .
Materials expended
sandbags, 90 gabions, * ^ fascines, and pari j 25lbs. of powder, an line of fusee for bias* purposes.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OP SEBASTOPOL.
163
l85 4. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
U.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 12
Day
-
»
8
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Pratt.
Strengthened the batteries.
Night
400
16
16 C.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Graves.
Continued battery at Frenchman's Hill, and obtained complete cover throughout. Battery nearly ready to receive platforms.
This battery was henceforth always called the 21-gun battery, (from the number of its pieces of ordnance,) or else “Gordon’s,” after the officer directing this attack.
°«t. 13
Day
-
*
16
8 C.
Lieut. Murray -
Strengthened the batteries.
Casualties:—Line, one man wounded.
Night
200
16
8 C.
Capt. Craigie - Capt. Cameron, Grenadier G uiirds (Supe rnumerary).
21-gun Battery.—Improved parapet, excavated ground, and laid six platforms.
Right Lancaster Battery.—Masked the embrasures, and covered the guns with sandbags and fascines, as they are not yet to open fire.
The enemy fired heavily, at intervals, on our works.
* The number of workmen employed during the daytime cannot be stated, as the official records are missing.
x 2

164
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 14
Day
420
11
5 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Donnelly.
No. 1 Battery.—Completed one magazine, and nearly finished another. Levelled ground, and laid four platforms. Thickened parapet.
No. 2 Battery.—-Altered two gun platforms to suit the artillery carriages, laid two others, and constructed a third platform-hed, and a splinter proof traverse.
No. 3 Battery.—I.aid four platforms; raised left epaulement; completed two traverses ; constructed a covered way to magazine, and thickened parapet.
No. 4 Battery.—Traced indented gun portion to enfilade Redan. Completed one traverse, continued magazine, and strengthened parapet.
The sappers at the park, prepared timbers for additional magazines.
Night
«
700
24
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Stokes. Lieut. Martin. Lieut. Graham. Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
No. 1 Battery.—100 men increased parapet; made three additional embrasures: nearly completed magazine and traverse.
No. 2 Battery.—150 men improved parapet; continued traverses ; revetted platform-beds with sandbags; commenced powder magazine.
No. 3 Battery—150 men revetted three embrasures ; built one traverse, continued communication to magazine, increased parapet in height and thickness.
No. 4 Battery.— 150 men increased parapet and traverse; commenced a new magazine ; commenced an additional gun portion on the left; increased parapet, and widened trench on left of parallel.
Prepared a road for conveying the guns into battery.
The whole of these batte^ . were generally sty* ,, “ Chapman’s battery; after the officer, directing this attack.
The enemy kept up a heav fire during the day 3 night, but only one B 1 was wounded.
Russian sharpshooters .
vanced to within t ,
600 yards of No. 1 3 tery, and fired i ot ° Jj Another party advan
at daybreak towards right attack, for g { purpose, apparently! reconnoitering it. ^ jg
Tools employed : j s ,
pickaxes, 270 sho' ,, 30 baskets, 7 “? a fSi barrows, 2 cro f,LlSi
4 billhooks, 2 field l e
11 hammers. „qoO
Materials expended:-''. ^ sandbags, 50 g aW
39 fascines.
Oct. 15
Day
-
300
24
4 C.
Capt. Inglis
Capt. Biddulpb, R.A.
Improved the parapets, and prepared ground for platforms. The artillery laid their own Madras platforms.
The covering party *** attack is 1,500 stroDo'

1854.
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 165
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Bate.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 14
0(: t. 15
Day
Night
Day
500
Capt. Lovell Lieut. Haynes.
Lieut. Pratt Lieut. Hurray.
Lieut. Ravenhill.
Capt. Stanton - Capt. Raines, 95 th Regt.
Improved and strengthened Gordon’s battery.
21 -gun Battery.—Improved parapet, and extended trench 150 yards to the right (to d.) Commenced two mortar batteries, one at each end of the main battery, viz., Nos. 2 and 6. Laid seven platforms. The Artillery mounted some guns. The ground had to be cleared by “ blasts,” to level it sufficiently to receive the platforms.
Right Lancaster.—A cave in the adjoining ravine is transformed into a magazine.
Employed at Right Lancaster battery. Improved Gordon’s battery.
Casualties:—Line,four men wounded.
The enemy fired heavily on the preceding day, and during this night, but no casualties occurred, excepting one artillery horse killed, and one wounded.
Casualties:—Line, one officer and seven men wounded.

166
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL;
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Joumal-^continued.
1854.
Date.
Time.
Working Party.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
R.E. Officers on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 15
Oct. 16
Oct. 17
Night
Day
Night
Day
800.
Sailors
100
400
810
200
16 4 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Lieut. Lennox. Lieut. Donnelly. Lieut. Philips.
16
8 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Chapman, 20 th Regt.
18
io C.
16 4 C.
Capt. Inglis Lieut. Graham. Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Lieut. Lennox Lieut. Martin.
Increased parapets and -widened trench. Laid eighteen platforms, completed three magazines, and continued two others in No. 2. Revetted eight embrasures (in No. 1) and cut seven others. Completed one traverse. Levelled ground for platforms and continued magazines in No. 4 battery.
A mortar battery commenced to the right and rear of No. 2 battery for two 10-inch mortars.
Completed magazines. Raised parapets three courses of sandbags. Excavated magazine for shells, and transported materials to the trenches. Revetted two embrasures with sandbags.
Fifty men made seventeen fascines in five hours.
Completed batteries to open fire at 6.30 a.m., 17 Oct. 1854. Seven magazines have been constructed.
The line and sappers employed repairing batteries, carrying shot, shell, and powder.
Casualties:—Line, four me® wounded.
Twenty-one guns mounted.
A heavy fire on our work during the night.
Tools employed:—80 pi®*" axes, 80 shovels, 4 track's tapes, and 1 lantern.
Materials expended:— sandbags, 150 gabio® > 120 fascines.
Very few revetting or otbe materials remain in park.
The enemy opened a heat? fire at 9 a.m., and co®^ tinued it for about hours. Several casuals occurred, but the wor did not sustain any 1
Casualties:—Line, four m e ° •wounded.
Tools employed:—16 ka® barrows; some shovel ’ Materials expended:—. sandbags, 150 gab 10 ’ 143 fascines, 200 spik e '
- $t
Batteries opened hi® m 6.30 A.M., and stood. ^ g throughout the dayi^ explosions occU ft.
No. 4 battery a good x damaged by the Fl®{5 . j, battery. The Woof**, Madras platforms dr® j, stand the weight of guns, and had sU 1
— sub 5
quently to be re P^ a ^e by others made o® spot- hor st;
One Lancaster gun ® t „-o five carriages and platforms disabled- # Casualties:—Artillery! 0 „e men wounded. L 1 ® > ^ officer and nine & killed; one office ^ thirty-two men won
* No notice has been taken of the casualties in the Naval Brigade on account of the difficulty of procuring accurate inform*
.ti® 0.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
167
1854.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
EIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
Date.
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
Sappers
Eelief.
Oct. 15
Night
400
15 5 C.
E.E. Officers on Duty.
Capt. Lovell Lieut. Graves.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Frenchman’s hill, or “ Gordon’s battery.”—Nineteen platforms had now been laid, and eighteen guns mounted. Three magazines were this night completed, four others continued, and all the traverses finished. The rock had to be cleared away by “ blasts ” to lay the platforms.
A body of Russians collected opposite the Right Lancaster at about 7 p.m., apparently with the intention of attacking the battery.
At 1 a.m. the enemy opened a heavy fire. Several casualties among the workmen, but no damage done to the works.
Oct. 16
Day
8
16 C.
Capt. Craigie Lieut. Baynes.
The sappers are relieved at noon, by a party of similar strength.
Casualties:—Line, one officer killed, and eleven men wounded.
Night
400
21 Capt. Stanton
7 C. Lieut, Pratt.
Lieut Murray.
Gordon’s or 21 - Gun Battery.—Opened and revetted twenty-one embrasures ; completed platforms, traverses, &c.; all spare hands employed thickening the parapets.
Right Lancaster battery.—Opened and revetted embrasures.
Three Russian frigates were moved on the afternoon of 16 th to the head of harbour, to fire against the Right Lancaster.
Oct. 17
Day
Capt. Lovell Capt. Raines, 95th Regt.
The batteries stood firmly throughout the day. No accidents to the magazines. An ammunition tumbril exploded in a hollow several hundred yards in rear of the 21-gun. It did no injury.
The embrasures are repaired during the hottest fire.,
All the batteries opened fire at 6.30 a.m.
Casualties :-Artillery, three men killed, and eighteen men wounded. Line, nine men killed, and thirty- four wounded.
Wheels of two guns dam-

168
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 17
Night
600
24
8 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Stokes. Lieut Philips. Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Rebuilt cheeks of embrasures in all the batteries, and improved the parapets throughout. Levelled ground for five mortar platforms, two to the right of No. 2 battery, and three to left of No. 3 battery. Commenced two magazines, one in rear of No. 1 for sixty boxes, the other in rear of No. 2 mortar battery for thirty boxes. Built a traverse at entrance of two other magazines, to check splinters of shells. Two traverses half rebuilt.
During the day, several casualties caused by enemy’s fire; less disturbance during the night. Great scarcity of powder, shot, and shell.
Tools employed :*—19 hand- barrows, 2 adzes, 2 saws, 2 pin mauls, 14 gabion knives.
Materials expended:—3,00° sandbags, 24 gabions, 17® fascines, 5C0 spikes.
Oct. 18
Day
200
8
Capt. Inglis
Lieut. Graham.
Batteries opened fire in the same state as on pluvious day, but there was a scarcity of powder- No. 4 battery by itselt was no match for the Flagstaff, and the French did not assist. The two mortars in rear of No- ■- opened fire, but the range was too great f° r 10-inch mortars.
One Russian magazine blew up in the course of th day.
Night
600
24
8 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Donnelly. Lieut. Leahy. Capt. Biddulph,
R.A.
Repaired all the embrasures and traverses. Continued and nearly completed the two magazines commenced on the 17th, and constructed a covered passage to the one in rear of No. 4 batteiy. Built two gun portions to left of No. 4 battery (called No. 5 battery), and one .additional to right of No. 4 battery. Laid platform in latter, and mounted a 65-cwt. gun to enfilade left face of Redan, and levelled ground for platforms in No. 5 battery. Improved communication on left.
One 8 inch gun earring disabled; two platform injured. .
Casualties : —Artillery, men wounded. Line, h' men killed, one office and ten men wounded- The magazines just hu 1 ■were above ground, the rocky nature of * ^ soil did not admit , sinking. The walls n sides had to be hull* f with sandbags.
Materials expended
5,000 sandbags, 36 cines. 800 spikes. . g Hides for binding ffi scin . )( [ as well as lanterns candles, were lienceio sent down daily.
* These tools are in addition to spades, shovels, and pickaxes, which, at this time, were left in the trenches.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
169
1854.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 17
Night
400
12 Capt. Craigie
12 C. Lieut. Baynes.
21-gun Battery.—Laid four mortar platforms; relaid four Madras platforms ; repaired embrasures, and strengthened the parapets.
Right Lancaster Battery.—Repairs attended to by sappers only.
The Madras platforms much injured during this day’s bombardment. Likewise the revetment of embrasures.
Oct. is
Day-
16 Lieut. Graves
16 C. Lieut. Green,
H.E.I.C.
In the morning the enemy advanced some troops, supported by a couple of guns, against the pic- quets that covered the Right Lancaster battery. A sharp skirmish ensued, and was maintained all the morning.
Casualties:—Line, one officer and five men killed, two officers and twenty- nine men wounded. Artillery-, two men killed, and four men wounded. Assistant Engineers, two officers (95th regt. and Grendr. Grds.) wounded.
Night
20
16 C.
Capt. Lovell Lieut. Ravenhill. Capt. Cameron, Grenadier Gds. (Supernumerary),
Repairing platforms and embrasures, &c. Strengthening the parapets.
One 24-pounder gun carriage damaged ; four 8-inch gun-wheels
broken ; four platforms destroyed.
4
4 C.
Right Lancaster.—Repairing parapets and embrasures.

170
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE pF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Oct. 19
Day
200
8
4 C.
Lieut. Martin - Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
100 men distributed as a working party through the batteries, to attend to repairs; the remainder, (viz. 100 men of the line,) employed making fascines at the park ; they completed fifty-nine.
i
Night
600
24 Capt. Inglis
8 C. Lieut. Graham.
Lieut. Philips.
Parapets, traverses, and magazines repaired, and loose earth thrown on them. Embrasures repaired throughout. The embrasures of the two 95-cwt. guns (No. 5 battery) to hear on Flagstaff battery were completed, and the guns mounted. Five mortars are now in position, viz. three others in addition to the two previously in ■ position. Completed one large reserve magazine in rear of No. 4 battery, to serve likewise for No. 5.
Oct. 20
Day
Night
200
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu Capt. Biddulph, 11.A.
The greater part of the workmen employed repairing the road to the Picquet House battery, and in making fascines. Men are seldom employed to work within the batteries during the daytime, on account of the heavy fire ; they attend, however, to the platforms, and clear out the embrasures, when required.
600
24 8 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Martin. Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
The platforms all made good. The embrasures re-revetted, partly with fascines ; the traverses repaired. More earth thrown on to the magazines, and their communications deepened and enlarged. A sandbag epaulement raised to left of No. 1 mortar battery.
1854.
Remarks.
The French reopened fire late in the day. Another of their magazines bletf up. Our batteries in better force. Russian fi re much reduced. Colonel Alexander, C.R.E. died this night. Captain Gordon takes the command, and Major Tylden the direction of the right attack.
Casualties:—Line, one man wounded.
Two 24-pounders disabled-
Materials expended :— 3,750 sandbags, 114 fascines, 200 spikes.
Serviceable at dawn " Thirty-six guns, and fi ve mortars.
A French magazine ble^ up at 1 p.si. The go nS of the Terrible battery. No. 5, opened with g rea effect. The firing slotf e than heretofore.
Casualties :—Artillery, ° D officer and three me wounded. Line, one m a ? killed, three officers an thirteen men wounded.
A sortie against the French' They were taken by so ' prise, and fell back. Th enemy entered their ha teries, and spiked mortars, but was even; ally driven back rr' some loss.
Materials expended .’ -T 4,000 sandbags, 75 la cines.

.APPENDIX TO JOUBNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 171
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. ' EIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
1G Capt. Stanton
8 C. Lieut. Baynes.
Casualties :—Artillery, two officers and five men wounded. Line, three men killed, three officers and thirteen men wounded. Royal Engineers, one man killed.
One 8-inch gun carriage damaged.
*
20
16 C.
4
4 C.
Lieut.Elphinstone Lieut. Pratt. Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
General repairs. Rebuilding and thickening traverses and parapets. Commenced a reserve magazine in rear of No. 6 mortar battery.
Right Lancaster.—Repairing embrasures and platforms.
16 Capt. Craigie
8 C. Lieut. Murray'.
Casualties:-Artillery, eight men wounded. Line, seven men wounded.
One 8-inch gun struck, and rendered unserviceable.
1st
2d
200
160
16 Lieut. deVere
12 C. Lieut. Graves.
General repairs, especially to magazines. Boyau to the rear cleared out and improved ; continued the reserve magazine, and commenced a communication to it; soil very rocky, and little cover obtained. Laid a new platform at No. 4 battery; relaid the one at No. 5 ; both guns were mounted. Altered the line of fire of two embrasures (of No. 4), more to the left. Commenced an emplacement for a Lancaster gun at d, by widening trench to twenty feet, for a distance of forty-five feet, and revetted it with one row of casks. Epaule- ment, on left of mortar battery (No. 6) is heightened.
The town appeared to be on fire in two places last night. The enemy’s sharpshooters are now under cover of regular rifle screens. They per. vent our picquets from approaching sufficiently close to fire into the embrasures of the place.
T 2
* The official record of the number of men employed is missing.

172 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 21
Day
200
8
4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly Lieut. Philips.
Fifty men repaired road to Picquet House.* The sapper carpenters took down the house, and made platforms out of the planks.
We fired red hot shot into the town.
The Russian batteries are partially silenced.
In the afternoon, a small fire perceptible in rear of Redan. At 3 p.m. a small explosion of powder rear of the Malakon Tower.
Night
700
24 Capt. Inglis
8 C. Lieut. Stokes.
Greenliill Battery.—100 men improved the right of parallel. 110 men repaired embrasures. 220 men thickened parapet of batteries, from the outside. Sixty men strengthened magazines.
Picquet House.—A battery (No. 6) for three 32-pounders and one mortar, commenced, and good cover obtained, although ground very rocky. The object was to drive away the ship at the head of the Dockyard Creek. 200 men were employed at this battery.
One 68-pounder gun (9a* cwt.) destroyed by a shot.
Casualties:—Artillery, °n® man wounded. Line, si* men wounded. Roy a ‘ Engineers, one ma° wounded.
Additional tools employed : —Twenty baskets.
Materials expended:—2,50” sandbags, 34 gabions, 53 fascines.
Six guns are unserviceable' including one 24 -pounder, two 8-inch guns, and one 95-cwt. gun.
Oct. 22
Day
150
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham Lieut. Martin.
Working party divided into three fifties ; one employed in trenches, another at new battery, and a third at fascine making. The new battery (No. 6.) continued from the interior; the rock cut away to make room for platforms. A magazine commenced in a cave, to the rear of battery.
Two carriages disabled; ° D 24-pounder burst.
Casualties :—Artillery, t ' f men killed, and six wounded. Line, one 111:1 wounded.
Night
1st
2d
700
900
24 8 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Lennox.
Greenliill.—Built a new traverse to right of No. 5 battery, and one to the extreme left magazine. General repairs to embrasures, magazines, and traverses. Deepened and widened parallel to right of No. 1 Ijattery. Two platforms repaired.
Picquet House.—-Battery No. 6 generally improved and thickened. Cut three embrasures, laid one platform and part of a second, continued cave magazine in rear of battery, ground rocky. Improved road in front of battery, up which the guns have to be taken. 200 men employed at this battery during first relief, and 300 in second relief.
A second parallel was have been traced a commenced, and a p ar •, of 700 men proceeded the trenches according^ Its execution was, k° o( j ever, counter ordered, the men were employe instead, to improve , batteries and the P ar %jo Materials expended : '
sandbags, 32 fascines-
* This house was situated in the Picquet House ravine, and was occupied by the picquet that guarded
the left flank of this attae K ’

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 173
1854.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
RIGHT ATTACK.
Jate.
Time.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
j
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks,
Oct.
21
Day
16 8 C.
Lieut. Lempriere Lieut. Pratt.
One 8-inch gun disabled, one 24-pounder axletree broken.
Casualties :—Artillery, one man killed, and five men wounded. Line, two men killed, and four men wounded.
Night
1st
2d
°ct,. 22
Day
200
160
16
12 C.
4
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Murray.
Lieut, Ravenhili
Frenchman’s Ilill.—Repairs to magazines, embrasures, and traverses. One new traverse built, and several platforms relaid. Completed Lancaster emplacement (No. 1) and laid platform, hut embrasures could not be revetted.
Right Lancaster. — Repaired damages.
Only 160 men composed the midnight relief instead of 300. This prevented the battery from being completed this evening, and several guns were consequently silent all next day.
8
16 C. 4
Lieut.Elphin stone Frenchman’s Hill Lieut. Green,
II.E.I.C.
Lieut. Graves - Right Lancaster.
Casualties:—Artillery, two men wounded. Line, one man killed, and seven men wounded.
One Lancaster gun carriage disabled, and one Lancaster gun slightly damaged.
Night
16
12 C.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Lempriere.
Frenchman’s Hill.—General repairs and improvements. A large traverse made in rear of the battery, to check cross-fire from the Flagstaff. Lancaster battery at (rf), and its magazine and epaulement, completed, and the gun mounted; the communication between it and the “21-Gun” deepened.
Ordnance serviceable in Frenchman’s hill battery, twenty guns and five mortars.
The enemy have brought to bear upon this attack a number of 10-inch mortars with great effect.

174
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854..
Date.
Time.
Working Party.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
R.E. Officers on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 23
Day
Night
Oct. 24
Day
Night
150
8
4 C.
400
150
24 8 C.
8
4 C.
Lieut. Philips - Capt. Biddulph.
E.A.
Capt. Inglis Lieut. Martin. Lieut. Donnelly.
315
20 6 C.
Lieut. Lennox Lieut. Stokes.
Lieut. Graham - Capt. Biddulph, E.A.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Eegt.
Laid the two other gun platforms in Picquet House battery, likewise one 10-inch mortar platform. Fifty men employed making fascines.
100 men employed at Picquet House battery (No. 6), which was completed, as well as its magazine. Fifty men repaired embrasures of Greenhill batteries, and attended to minor repairs ; and 200 men strengthened the parapets of the batteries, more especially in front of No. 5 battery. The remainder improved the left of parallel.
From 4 a.si. till daylight, when the firing commenced, sixty men were employed thickening and strengthening parapet of No. 6 battery; they afterwards commenced two traverses, and finished one. Fifty men made fascines, and the Sappers took down the roof and ceiling of the Picquet House.
Greenhill,—General repairs and improvements ; three platforms re- laid. The rocky ground in front of No. 1 battery cut away, and battery thickened with the earth thus collected.
Picquet House Battery, No. 6.—Repairs and improvements.
One 32-pounder carriage destroyed. Two 10' lD mortar beds broken.
Casualties: —Artillery) 0 officer killed. Line, 0 man wounded.
A fire town,
the
broke out W.
-, towards events’
and continued all nig^N Tools employed: — pickaxes, 325 shove > 20 baskets. . ^
Materials expended ' fascines, 300 spikes.
of
Picquet House battery’ 3 p No. 6, opened fire at 't a.m., (with three 32-pounders, and j 10-inch mortar,) ag®f the Russian two-de , frigate, which was too , at the head of DockJ harbour. The frig at ® mained, and returne fire for a short time, ^ warped out of sight r 0 ^ the point. Sheafter? a t)je used to come up ^ same point at nig m, warp back again at break. j e f
One axletree of a 24-p° u gun damaged. Qje
Casualties:—Artillery - oJ)C man wounded. Lme,^ cJ , officer and two wounded. 50 ®
Materials expended ^jpo sandbags, 25 fascine ,
spikes. 0®
Serviceable at dawn ■ ge Greenhill, thirty - ^ guns, three mortar ' Picquet House, guns, one mortar. _„t One rocket tube wa up in No. 6. battery^

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 175
1854.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
EIGHT ATTACK.
1
I
Working Party.
I)ate - [Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
E.E. Officers
on Duty.
Work performed.
Eemarks.
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
“ A promising fire ” in the town on the morning of 23d.
The “ Tower ” is completely breached.
The engineer reliefs for the repairs in the Eight Lancaster battery are discontinued.
u< d. 23
Day
16
8 C.
Capt. Craigie Lieut. Murray.
Night
° e t. 24
Day
520
16 12 C.
16 8 C.
Lieut, de Yere ■ Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Lieut. Eavenhill Lieut. Baynes.
Frenchman’s Hill.—General repairs and improvements. Completed Lancaster battery. Began a traverse in rear of left mortar battery (No. 6) ; strengthened its epaule- ment, and improved boyau to reserve magazine. Widened trench between main and Lancaster batteries. Seven platforms had to be repaired. Two embrasures of disabled guns were blocked up. A new traverse commenced in rear of No. 4 battery, to check the cross-fire more completely; three others repaired.
Traced and commenced the left advance as far as g.
Casualties; —Line, one man killed, one officer and one man wounded. Artillery, two men killed and six men wounded.
The party of sharpshooters, who accompanied the two engineer officers sent daily to reconnoitre, got seriously engaged with ! enemy’s skirmishers. — These skirmishers prevent us approaching; they are always supported by field pieces.
One 8-inch gun disabled. ’
Casualties :—Artillery, two men killed, and one man wounded. Line, one man killed, and five men wounded. Eoyal Engineers, two men wounded.
Night
20 16 C.
Lieut. Elphinstone Lieut. Creyke. Lieut. Graves.
General repairs.—Laid one platform, and repaired two others. Traced and commenced an advanced parallel (c J ') ; and a boyau (e K) leading to it, the former by flying sap, the latter by simple trench work. Good cover obtained in the parallel; not so in the boyau. The boyau of previous night improved.
This advance (marked on plan as “third parallel”) is now occupied by a guard of two companies.
The town is on fire in several places.

176
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 25
Day
130
8
4 C.
CapL Montagu - Eighty men making fascines; rc- Lieut. Philips. mainder in trenches.
One 8-inch gun struck muzzle and split. ~ 24-pounder guns aged, hy shot strik 1 o
the muzzle. e
Casualties:—Artillery) man wounded. Lio e > # man killed, six 111 wounded.
Night
300
20 Capt. Inglis
6 C. Lieut. Stokes.
General repairs to embrasures, traverses, and magazines. A new platform laid in No. 3 battery, for a 32-pounder.
Three 32-pounders mou®^ to replace damaged g^g Materials expended: sandbags, 28 fascine 8.
Oct. 26
Day
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut Donnelly.
Cut No. 8 embrasure in No. 4. battery, and revetted it with sandbags. Laid one Madras platform; relaid a common platform in No. 3 battery. Replaced earth on magazines, which were heavily fired upon by the enemy.
The fire of the French s ® 0 f dued considerably t® . the Flagstaff ha until about 1 p.m-> a French magazine ® up, after which the r L staff fired vigo r0 . eS , upon our left batted 0 f Our batteries are sb° powder.
Night
Oet. 27
Day
300
32
20 Capt. Montagu -
6 C. Capt. Biddulph,
R.A,
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham - Lieut. Chapman, 20th Kegt.
Repaired all the embrasures ; threw up additional earth on magazines. Parallel to right of No. 3 widened; traverses heightened and repaired. 260 feet of banquette formed near No. 1 battery. Five platforms repaired.
In the forenoon, all the sappers employed making fascines; the stock in the park is exhausted.
One 8-inch gun damaf? gj5 Materials expended :'' go sandbags, 20 fascine > spikes. .s'
Serviceable at Thirty-three g unS ’ yll- mortars at G ree or t» r Three guns, one 111 at Picquet House. j e d
100 men had been dem
as a carrying P ar • 0 til/ thirty-eight men . A were sent. The e o’ 1 ' material could not jj veyed to the trenc consequence. s t l<i A Lancaster gun bn , 0 r- No. 1 battery,and tB rj 0 uS e tar bed in Picquet - 1 battery was brok® t/ One gun carriage st a shot. jifi'
One 24-pounder g 0 ® aged.
Casualties :—ArtiUev ’
men wounded. L 1 men wounded.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 177
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. BIGHT ATTACK.
Bate.
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
\
Bemarks.
Oct. 25
Day
16
8 C.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Lempriere.
Casualties :—Boyal Engi- neers, one man killed. Artillery, two men wounded. Line, two men wounded.
One 8 -inch gun struck, and rendered unserviceable j one 8 -inch gun damaged; two wheels rendered unserviceable.
Night
650
18
8 C.
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Murray. Capt. Baines, 95th Begt.
All the embrasures repaired, and two of them masked, of which the guns are disabled. The traverses are improved; two platforms repaired. Third parallel enlarged, and lengthened seventy yards to the left. The communication from it to the rear is improved ; fair cover obtained.
Ordnance serviceable on Frenchman's Hill : — Nineteen guns, five mortars.
The working party are all ordered home at 11.30
P.M.
Oct. 26
Day
16
8 C.
Lieut Bavenhill Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
•
4
\
The enemy made a sortie in force this afternoon on our right, and advanced within easy musket range of the Bight Lancaster battery.
Casualties*;—Boyal Engineers, one man wounded. Line, eleven men killed, seven officers and eighty- five men wounded.
One gun split at muzzle. One platform damaged.
Night
200
16
12 C.
Lieut. Elphinstone Lieut. Baynes. Lieut. Pratt.
All the embrasures and traverses repaired; two platforms laid, and a third in progress. The battery cleared of broken shell and powder boxes, &c. Bight Lancaster battery. — Embrasures rebuilt, having been destroyed by “slewing round ” the gun so as to bear on the retreating columns of the Bussians.
The working party of 600 men demanded for the 3d parallel did not arrive; no work was done there in consequence.
The enemy is at work on the “ Mamelon ” constructing rifle screens.
°ct. 27
Day
” *■
16
8 C.
Lieut. Creyke - Lieut. Graves
• « « « •
Two gun carriages damaged. Only two 8 -inch guns serviceable, the other six disabled.
* In these casualties, those are included which occurred during the sortie of this date.

178
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 27
Night
300
20 Lieut. Philips
6 C. Lieut. Stokes.
Greenhill_General repairs to embrasures and traverses. Rebuilt one merlon in No. 1 battery. Seven platforms repaired. Magazines earthed up.
Picquet House.—General repairs. Mortar platform relaid, and one gun platform repaired.
Materials expended :—250 sandbags, 23 gabions* 20 fascines. , Serviceable at dawn : — thirty guns, four mortars at Greenhill; three g aDS at Picquet House.
Oct 28
Day
Night
100
8
4 C.
Capt. Inglis Lieut. Lennox.
Fifty men made fascines; ten men Three 24-pounder B assisted in pulling down house in temporarily disabled. Picquet House ravine. One gun portion of No. 3 battery pulled down towards evening.
300
20 6 C.
Lieut. Graham - Greenhill.—Partly rebuilt parapets Lieut. Donnelly. of batteries Nos. 1 and 2, and a traverse in No. 4. Repaired embrasures, magazines, &c.
Picquet House.—Repaired embrasures and parapets.
Materials expended :—' gabions, 20 fascines.
Serviceable at dawn ’■ — thirty-one guns, mortars at GreenhuL three guns at Pic<l ae House battery.
Oct. 29 Day
Night
Oct. 30 Day
60
300
100
8
4 C.
20 6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Relaid four platforms. Rebuilt the Capt. Biddulph, gun portion in No. 3 battery. R.A.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Chapman, 20 th-Regt.
Greenhill.—General repairs and improvements. Sunk wells to carry off water from magazines of Nos. 1 and 2 batteries. Parapets thickened in parts. Rebuilt another merlon of No. 3 battery.
. Picquet House_Repaired embrasures, and revetted mortar platform.
Day cold and wet; work done.
A sufficiency of sandW® for repairs, cannot be °‘ r tained.
One 24-pounder gun caf riage totally disabled- ,
Casualties .-—Artillery, , sl e men wounded. G n ’ three men wounded.
The night being cold wet, the working P®^, were, allowed to draw as soon as * i task was comply There was no midnk, relief. l2 5
Materials expended :—~ sandbags, 10 fascine 9.
8
4 C.
Lieut. Philips Lieut. Stokes
Fifty men at fascines, and fifty men improving trenches.
Cold and windy day-

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
179
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Late.
Working Party.
R. E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Oct. 27
Night
1st
2d
480
400
16
12 C.
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Murray. Lieut. Lempriere. Capt. Raines, 95th Regt.
Ail embrasures and several traverses repaired; magazines covered -with additional earth.
Two embrasures which had been closed, are opened, and two others are blocked up. Laid two platforms. Commenced No. 7 mortar battery, and a connecting boyau to the left approach. Improved parallel in front, and boyau leading to it. Commenced a traverse in left approach to third parallel.
The enemy’s riflemen, in the quarries in front, considerably annoy our troops in the advance. It is hoped that the tire from No. 7 mortar battery will somewhat silence them,
Oct. 28
Day
16
8 C.
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Creyke.
Casualties :—Artillery, two men wounded. Line, one officer killed, and one man wounded.
The sight of a 32-pounder shot off.
Night
1st | 2d |
Line
300
Turks
600
Line
300
16
12 C.
Lieut. Ravenhill Lieut. Baynes. Lieut. Green,
H.E.I.C.
The embrasures, parapets, and traverses repaired throughout. One magazine and one traverse rebuilt. Altered three embrasures to receive guns on garrison carriages. Improved mortar battery No. 7, and trench leading to it. Commenced its magazine. Third parallel improved, and extended on the left to the edge of ravine. Traverse in boyau continued. The ground was very rocky; little progress < made in consequence.
Ordnance serviceable in Frenchman’s Hill battery, nineteen guns and five mortars.
The Flagstaff battery is almost silenced by our fire. The fire on both sides has much dimi* nished. At 10.30 p.m., an alarm was given, and the Turks left their work j many did not return.
°ct. 29
Lay
16
8 C.
Lieut. Graves. Lieut. Pratt.
Night
1st | 2d |
Line
300
Turks
300
Line
300
Turks
300
16
12 C.
Lieut. Murray - Lieut. Lempriere.
All the embrasures repaired. Some cesspools made at entrance of magazines. Improved advanced parallel and left approach. Banquettes and loopholes for riflemen added to the third parallel. Magazine of No. 7 battery is completed.
Ordnance serviceable in Frenchman’s Hill battery:—Twenty guns, five mortars. _ Flagstaff battery continued to remain silent.
° c ‘. 30
Lay
-
- ' -
16 '8 C.
Lieut. Murray - Capt. Raines,
95 Regt.
- -
Casualties:—Line, one man •wounded.
z 2
t

180
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEOE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Working Party.
R. E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Oct. 30
Night
250
20
6 C.
Capt. Inglis
Lieut. Donnelly.
Greenhill.—Embrasures and magazines repaired; platforms improved. One embrasure of No. 2 battery altered to bear upon “ Barrack battery,” at the request of the French. Embrasures and platforms altered to suit new guns.
Oct. 30
Day
100
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Graham.
Fifty men, bringing up wood from Picquet llouse i to the park ; fifty men, repairing damaged fascines &c., with hide thongs.
Night
1st
2d
200
50
20
6 0.
Lieut. Lennox - Capt. Biddulph,
R.A.
Greenhill.—General repairs. Re- laid two mortar platforms. Laid one common platform and cut embrasure for a 32-pounder in No. 2 battery,between guns Nos. 3 and 4. Relaid one platform in No.4 battery, and repaired another.
Picquet House.—Relaid mortar platform.
Nov. 1
Day
33
8
4 C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Pegt.
Made fascines and pickets.
•
Night
240
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips - Lieut. Stokes.
Greenhill.—Repaired nine embrasures, &c.
Picquet House.—Rebuilt portion of parapet (between Nos. 1 and 2). Repaired traverse. Altered line of fire of No. 1 gun (to bear upon Barrack battery).
Nov. 2
Day
“ "
'
8
4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
Sappers employed blasting the rock in the parallel to the left of No. 2 battery. t
Night
250
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Graham.
Greenhill.—General Repairs. Re- laid two platforms. Rebuilt part of parapet of No. 4 battery.
Picquet House.—Relaid mortar platform, repaired two embrasures, and altered line of fire of a third, to bear on Barrack battery.
Nov. 3
Day
50
6
4 C.
Lieut, Martin -
Remarks.
Materials expended:—-250 sandbags, 15 fascines.
Servicable at dawn : — Thirty-one guns, three mortars at Greenhill > ^three guns, one mortar at Picquet House.
The two-decker moved out of the Dockyard Creek early this morning.
Casualties:—Line, one nta® killed, one man wounded.
Materials expended :—" sandbags, 20 fascines, 40 spikes.
Serviceable at dawn : Thirty-one guns, three mortars at Greenhill > three guns, one mortar at Picquet House.
Casualties :-Line, three ®en killed, three men wounded'
Servicable at dawn : Thirty-one guns, thr® mortars at GreenhiU i three guns at Picq ue House.
The Russians fired heavily on the morning reliet > several, men killed. .
One gun struck in nw** and disabled, and 1 carriage of another g u broken. .
Casualties:—Artillery, 0 officer and one wounded. Line, two iu e wounded. ^
Serviceable at dawn '■ Thirty guns, three W 0 tars at Greenhill; t ® r ^j guns, one mortar Picquet House.
Russians again fired hea „ at4 A.M.,when the g° a were being relieved.
One mortar platform ^ jured. Two24-pou»“ { damaged. Muzzle off an 8-inch gun.
Casualties:—Artillery ’ man killed.
i

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
181
l8 54. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Time.
■Working Party.
R. E. Officers
Work performed.
Remarks.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Oct. 30
Night
r
Line
16
Lieut. Ravenhill
All the embrasures repaired. One
The management of the
200
12 C.
Lieut. Graves.
platform laid to the right of Lan-
Turks is extremely dif-
Turks
Lieut. Green,
caster gun (No. 1 battery). Com-
ficult.
l
300
H.E.I.C.
pleted No. 7 mortar battery and
An interpreter is much
r
Line
the approach to it. Improved 3rd
wanted.
200
parallel, and its communication.
Turks
Placed 100 bread-bags on parapet,
[
300
to form loop-holes. Three Coe-
horn mortars were placed in No. 7.
c t. 3i
Day
-
-
16
Lieut. Baynes -
-
Casualties:—Line, one man
8 C.
wounded.
One Madras platform dis-
abled and carriage slightly
damaged.
Night
r
Line
16
Capt. Craigie -
General repairs attended to. Thick-
Ordnance serviceable in
lct 1
200
12 C.
Lieut. Pratt.
ened parapet on right of No. 1,
Frenchmen’s Hill batte-
1ST
Turks
Capt. Raines,
for an additional gun portion;
ry: — Twenty-one guns,
l
300
95th Regt.
laid 2 platforms. Improved pa-
five mortars.
r
Line
rallel and boyau in front; ground
200
on left very rocky. Formed
2d <
Turks
additional loop-holes and ban-
[
300
quettes.
i
Day
•
16
Lieut. Lempriere
-
Casualties:—Line, one man
8 C.
killed, and seven men
wounded.
Night
r
Line
16
Lieut. Murray -
Improved advanced parallel and
Ordnance serviceable :—
. .1
200
12 C.
Lieut. Graves.
approaches, especially where in-
Twenty-^wo guns, five
1st 4
Turks
Lieut. Green,
jured by enemy’s fire. Formed
mortars, in 21-Gun bat-
L
300
H.E.I.C.
a return on the right of pa-
tery. Three 5i-inch
r
Line
rallel, and added steps to reverse
mortars in Coehorn bat-
200
of trench. A second traverse
tery, No. 7.
2d •!
Turks
commenced on left boyau. One
L
300
platform relaid and general re-
No. „
pairs in batteries attended to.
Day
_
•
16
Lieut. Ravenhill
-
Casualties:—Artillery, one
8 C.
Lieut. Vacher,
man killed, and one man
33d Regt.
wounded. Line, one man
killed, and four men
■wounded.
One 32-pounder naval gun
damaged.
Night
f
Line
16
Capt. Craigie, -
Frenchman’s Hill Battery.—Re-
The. enemy fire heavily
200
12 C.
Lieut. Baynes.
paired all the embrasures. Re-
on our advance. The
1st -j
Capt. Raines,
built one magazine. Completed
number of casualties are
1
300
95th Regt.
one platform. Improved left of
increasing, and many
advanced parallel, and boyau
gabions have been
, 1
200
below Coehorn battery (No. 7).
knocked over during the
2d 4
Commenced new boyau, at right
course of the day. Our
[
300
angles to former (viz. from g to i),
batteries did not reply.
as the enemy keep up a continuous
fire on i A; added likewise two
other traverses to boyau i e.
v • 3
Day
16
Lieut. Pratt
-
Casualties:—Line, one man
8 C.
killed, and six men
9
1
wounded.

182
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Working Party.
R, E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Nov. 3
Night
250
20
6 C.
Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Lieut. Chapman, 20tli Regt.
Nov. 4
Day
-
50
7
4 C.
Lieut. Stokes.
Night
250
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips - Lieut. Donnelly.
Nov. 5
Day
-
50
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Night
-
200
Turks
20
6 C.
Lieut. Graham - Lieut. Martin.
Nov. G
Day
-
50 Turks
8
3 C.
Lieut. Lennox -
1
Night
1G0
18
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Stokes.
j
Not. 7
Day
-
40
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham -
Night
160
20
6 C.
Lieut. Martin - Lieut. Donnelly.
Work performed.
Kemarks.
Greenhill.—Traverses and parapets repaired. Altered line of fire of two embrasures in No. 2 battery to enfilade right face of Barrack battery and support the French batteries. Made an epaulement to the mortar battery.
Picquet House.—Platforms repaired. Traverse rebuilt; two embrasures altered.
Serviceable at dawn :— Thirty guns, three mot' tars at Greenhill; three guns, one mortar at P*®' quet House.
Greenhill.—Repairs. Thickened
parapet, and strengthened the earthway to magazines.
Picquet House.—Repaired one platform and one embrasure. Sent one platform from the park.
Serviceable at dawn; Thirty guns, three nx> r ' tars in Greenhill bat- teries; three guns, ° ne mortar in Picquet H ouSC battery.
Greenhill.—Repairs, especially to parapets.
Picquet House.—No. 1 embrasure altered, to see down the ravine, which leads towards head of Dockyard Creek, and to fire upon the enemy’s riflemen in the “ Cemetery.’’
Turks employed to collect timber and materials, and to cut pickets and repair embrasures.
Greenhill.—Repairs. Relaid several platforms. Built banquettes in Nos. 1 and 3 batteries. Strengthened magazines.
Picquet House.—Repaired embrasures and platforms.
Collected empty powder boxes and other material for revetting. Attended to the repair of embrasures, &c.
Greenhill.—Repairs. Banquettes
continued in Nos. 1, 2, and 3 batteries. Altered line of fire of No. 3 embrasure in No. 4 battery, from Flagstaff to Barrack battery.
Picquet House.—Repairs.
Battle of Inkerman Three 24-pounder g° n ® and two 24-pounder cat' riages disabled.
Serviceable at dawn • Twenty-eight guns, thr® e mortars in Greenhill b at " teries; three guns, ° B ® mortar in Picquet Ho 0 ® battery.
The 24-pounder in Picqn®* House battery unable fire this day, as the fi rS ' shot placed into it stu® in the muzzle.
Casualties:—Line, four m e wounded.
Serviceable at dawn ■’ .
Twenty-eight guns, tFf
mortars in Greenhm v teries; two guns, °_ e mortar in Picquet H° u battery. e
Casualties :—Artillery* 0 man wounded.
Serviceable at dawn^L Twenty-nine guns.‘‘‘L. mortars in Greenhm u teries; three g mortar in Picquet -tm battery.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
183
1854.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
EIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
Bate.
K. L. Officers
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
_
Belief.
Men.
Sappers.
Nov. 3
Night
r
Line
16
Lieut. Graves -
Bepairs in battery. Improved ad-
Three sentries trying to
150
12 C.
Lieut. Green,
vanced parallel and approaches
extract the fuse from a
Turks
H.E.I.C.
to it. New boyau continued.
Bussian shell, caused it
L
300
Lieut. Vacher,
to explode ; it killed one
f
Line
33d Kegt.
man, and wounded an-
<
200
other severely. The
Turks
Bussian batteries fired
l
300
more heavily than usual,
but few casualties have
occurred.
ftov. 4
Day
.
16
Lieut. Murray -
-
Casualties:—Artillery, one
8 C.
officer wounded-
Night
r
Line
16
Lieut. Kavenhill
Gordon’s Battery.—Bepaired all the
Guns in battery:—Nine-
200
12 C.
Lieut. Haynes.
embrasures and two traverses. Pa-
teen guns and five mor-
Turks
Lieut. Stevens,
rapet of left approach, thickened.
tars. The enemy’s fire
i
300
88 th Begt.
Advanced parallel.—Thickened pa-
is heavier than usual.
f
Line
rapet on the left. Improved the
200
banquettes throughout, and like-
Turks
wise the loopholes.
■Nr...
[
300
■“ov. 5
Day
-
16
Capt. Baines,
.
Casualties:—Artillery,
8 C.
95th Begt.
three men wounded.
One Madras platform dis-
abled.
Night
_
300
16
Capt. Craigie -
All the embrasures and two plat-
No working party of the
Turks.
12 C.
Lieut. Pratt
forms repaired; traverses and
line. The Turks are
magazines strengthened. Inte-
almost useless without
rior of batteries cleared. The
an interpreter.
left boyau cleared and improved.
Ordnance serviceable :—
Eighteen guns, five
mortars.
G
Day
_■ .
16
Lieut. Green,
.
One 24-pounder carriage
8 C.
H.E.I.C.
damaged.
Night
150
12
'Lieut, Murray -
The embrasures put in order. The
No second relief , of Turks,
Turks.
12 C.
Lieut. De Vere.
parapets repaired in several
and no English working
Lieut. Yacher,
places ; likewise two traverses,
party of any kind.
88 th Begt.
two mortar and one gun platform
Ordnance serviceable :—
repaired.
Twenty-one guns, five
10 -inch mortars, and
three Coehorn mortars.
ftov, i
Day
16
Lieut. Graves.
8 C.
—
Night
200
12
Lieut. Ravenhill
Gordon’s Battery. — Embrasures,
Ordnance serviceable in
Turks.
12 C.
Lieut. Pratt.
generally, repaired j and line of
battery:—Nineteen guns,
Capt. Baines,
tire of one of them altered. Two
two mortars.
95th Begt.
traverses strengthened. One Lan-
The Lancaster gun is moved
caster platform laid in No. 1 .
from the Bight Lancaster
<
Epaulement on right (at d)
battery to Frenchman’s
lengthened 45 feet.
Hill.

184
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854-
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Nov. 8
Day
50
10
Lieut. Lennox -
Made nine fascines. Collected timber ; and made banquettes -with the tin and other powder boxes collected on previous day.
A 32-pounder (in
battery) was struck ^ the muzzle, and spW! 24-pounder (of No. 3 h® tery) had its j
broken and one wh ee damaged by a round sb® ’ and another 24 -poun® (in No. 2 battery) had 1 trunnion knocked oft-
Night
ICO
20
4 C.
Lieut. Stokes Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Greenhill.—Repaired one mortar platform. Rebuilt two embrasures in No. 2 battery. Laid one gun platform, and prepared ground for second. Broke up Woronzoff high road in two places (C and D) to obstruct the passage of artillery (by desire of General Officer on duty).
Picquet House.—Repaired embrasures, and one mortar platform
Serviceable at dawn : Twenty-six guns,. thr mortars in Greenhill b teries. Two guns, 0 mortar in Picquet H 011S battery.
Nov. 9
Day
-
40
10
Capt. Inglis
(10 in.).
Two 24-pounders disable^' Casualties : — Two & wounded.
Night
70
18
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Philips.
Greenhill. — Repairs. Relaid two platforms in No. 1 battery. Laid a new platform in No. 2 battery, and rebuilt end of traverse.
Picquet House.—Repaired embrasures. Widened the cuts across the Woronzoff Road.
Two naval 32 -poun^
. placed in No. 2 battw, in exchange of two abled 32 pounders.
Nov. 10
Day
-
40
10
Lieut. Donnelly
Slight repairs in batteries -
Three 8-inch gunsdatnaS^*,. and wheels of other r, disabled. __■
Night
150
20
6 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Martin.
Greenhill.—Repaired several merlons and two platforms; commenced banquettes in No. 4 battery ; widened trench on Sebastopol Road to ten feet three inches, and deepened it.
Picquet House.—Repaired embrasures j laid a new mortar platform in place of the old one.
Serviceable at . Le
Twenty-five guns, b^ill mortars, in Gm® „j, batteries. Two one mortar, in
House battery.
INKEKMAN ATTACK.
Nov. 8
Night
Line
20
Lieut. Graham -
Commenced No. 1 redoubt, the bat-
350
Turks
tery in front, and No. 2 redoubt.
600
Nov. 9
Night
1st |
Turks
16
Capt. Stanton -
Works continued. Turks collect
350
Lieut. Yacher,
stones for revetting the interior
2d |
Line 250 Turks50
33d Regt.
slopes.
ftb 0
The very late arrival covering party the work for severa
Covering party did °°. itt le rive until II r.M. '< se - work was done in ^
quence.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
185
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continned. RIGHT ATTACK.
Late.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
©
CO
Day
16
8 C.
Lieut. Baynes -
Casualties:—Artillery, one man wounded. Line, one man wounded.
One 24-pounder disabled.
Night
-
150
Turks.
12
12 C.
Capt. Craigie. - Lieut. Graves. Lieut. Green,
H.E.I.C.
Lieut. Stevens, 88th Regt.
General repairs to embrasures. Merlons strengthened, and two traverses repaired. Improved communications in front, near the Coeliorn battery (No. 7).
Ordnance serviceable in battery:—Eighteen guns, five mortars.
g
Day
-
-
8
8 C.
Lieut. Murray -
-
Casualties ;—Artillery, two men wounded.
One 24 pounder trunnion knocked off.
Night
150
Turks.
12
12 C.
Lieut. Pratt
Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Eighteen embrasures repaired. One platform relaid, and two repaired. Parapet in parts improved. Cesspits sunk in rear of trench for drainage.
It rained in torrents the whole of this night and the greater part of the following day.
10
Day
Night
-
150
Turks.
8
8 C.
10
10 C.
Lieut. Ravenhill
Lieut. Baynes - Lieut. Graham.
Embrasures and magazines repaired and strengthened One masked embrasure reopened. Heightened merlons where necessary.
Casualties:—Artillery, one man killed, and one man wounded.
INICERMAN ATTACK.
V 10
Night
1st
417
16
Lieut. Graham -
Works continued. Stones for re-
Turks.
Lieut. Stevens,
vetting collected. Turks work
2d |
232
Turks.
88th Regt.
badly.
Great difficulty from the ■want of an interpreter.

186 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 4S. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
AVork performed.
Remarks.
Nov. 11
Day
.
40
6
4 C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Relaid several platforms
Wet and windy day.
Oue gun damaged.
Night
370
1C
8C.
Lieut. Philips - Lieut. Stokes.
Greenhill. — Repairs ; increased trench on Sebastopol Road to a depth of five feet. Traced and partially executed about 300 yards of second parallel (E F). Very fair cover obtained by one relief of workmen.
Picquet House.—Repair embrasures.
Serviceable at dawn Twenty-six guns, three mortars, in Greenhih batteries; two g unS ’ one mortar, in Picqn et House battery. The
smallness of the work' ing party, of which only one relief was sent, P re ' vented a greater extent 0 parallel being executed-
Nov. 12
Day
-
20
8
Lieut. Martin.
Night
1st
2d
350
250
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Donnelly.
Greenhill. — Extended second parallel towards the east (to G) to a total length of 500 yards. Ground very rocky in parts. Cover obtained to a depth of two feet three inches to three feet. Embrasures, parapets, and magazines of batteries repaired. Widened trench on Sebastopol Road. Two platforms of mortar battery relaid.
Picquet House.—Repaired embrasures and platforms.
Serviceable at dawn : "'' Twenty-six guns, tbj®® mortars, in Greenbi batteries ; two guns, on mortar, in Picquet Ho uS battery.
Nov. 13
Day
-
20
8
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
-----
No firing until 2 30 P.M- Cold and damp day s h al storm in the afternoon.
Night
350
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips - Lieut. Stokes.
Second parallel widened to about ten feet, and deepened as far as the rocky ground would permit. Repaired fourteen embrasures and two platforms in first parallel.
Picquet House.—-Made a trench across ravine eight feet wide, and two and a half feet deep, about fifty yards in advance of Picquet House. General repairs to batteries.
Serviceable at dawn ■ ^ Twenty-six guns, thr mortars, in Green batteries ; two guns, 0 mortar, in Picquet H° u battery.
Not. ll
Night
1st
2d j
500
Turks.
300
Turks.
16
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Capt. Baines, 95th Regt. Lieut. Green,
H.E.I.C.
Works strengthened, more especially on the front face. Interior revetment built with stones ; great difficulty to collect them. Number of men insufficient for the work that has to be done.
An alarm is give 11 > (0
work in advance ha r , be stopped. The co^ ing party did not . the ground until e the work in conse<l u had to be delayed.

1854.
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 187
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK,
Date.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Nov. n
Day
-
-
8
8 C.
Lieut. Graves.
Night
150
Turks.
12
12 C.
Capt. Craigie -
Several embrasures repaired, and one re-opened. Improved parapet of No. 5 mortar battery. Made banquette to right of No. 1 battery. Pour mortar platforms examined and repaired, one other renewed. Improved drainage. Made banquettes in boyau, and cut steps in rear of trench. Boyau, and advanced trenches, cleared.
Nineteen guns ready to open fire in morning. The Turks work badly.
It is difficult to get on without an interpreter.
Nov. 12
Day
Night
-
100
8
8 C.
8
8 C.
Lieut. Pratt.
Lieut. Ravenhill
Improved drainage, and repaired embrasures. Relaid three mortar platforms and one gun platform. Continued the two banquettes in advanced boyau.
Ordnance serviceable: — Nineteen guns, five mortars.
N°v. 13
Day
-
-
8
8 C.
Lieut. Stevens, 88th Regt.
Night
140
Turks.
12
8 C.
Capt. Craigie -
Gordon’s battery repaired. Lengthened the trench to right of No. 1 battery. Continued banquettes in advanced boyau.
Rain descended heavily all day; the nights are getting cold.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
N,
oy.
12
^oy. i 3
Night
Night
550
16
Lieut. Murray
Turks.
Lieut. Vacher,
200
Turks.
33d Regt.
300
16
Capt. Gordon
Turks.
Mr. Newsome.
Works strengthened; commenced to .excavate in No. 1 for a magazine. The Turks work badly, and desert from the work at every opportunity.
No. 1 and 2 redoubts continued. The Turks work indifferently, and little progress is made.
The heavy rains, and had state of the roads, delay the work. A number of the tools are stolen.
A A 2

188
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK, Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Hate.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Nov. 14
Hay
-
20
8
Lieut. Donneliy.
Night
16
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Martin.
A few slight repairs to the embrasures, and to one platform, attended to by the sappers.
Weather very tempestuous- No working parties ot the line.
Nov. 15
Day
-
20
8
Lieut. Chapman
One 24-pounder burst in tb e course of the afternoon.
Casualties :—Artillery, f° ur men wounded. Line, fi vC men wounded*
Night
100
20
6 C. ■
Lieut. Stokes - Capt. Biddulph,
R.A.
General repairs, especially to magazines. Extended the second parallel sixty yards to the right, and made a return of ten yards.
Russian advanced picqu^b kept up a sharp musket fire upon our working parties, and interrupt^ the progress of the se- cond parallel.
Serviceable at dawn Twenty-five guns, thrp® mortars in Greenh* batteries. Two guns, 00 mortar, in Picquet Ho uS battery.
Nov. 16
-
20
8
Lieut. Philips.
Night
200
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Donnelly.
General repairs.—Improved left of second parallel.
The ground is so rock) and difficult to excavauj and the working p art,e . are so small, that ve u little progress can made. -
Casualties:—Artillery, *° u men wounded.
_—
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Nov. 14
Night
-
-
-
-
No work this night.
Nov. 15
Night
1st
460
16
Capt. Raines,
Works strengthened; earth scraped
Turks.
95tli Regt.
together from wherever it could
2d |
88
Lieut. Vacher,
he obtained. The Turks work
Turks.
33d Regt.
indifferently.
The 2d relief did no l J r e rive until 2 A.Jt. / tools are disappear 111 ®'

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEOE OF SEBASTOPOL. 189
Appendix No. 48 . Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
"Working Party.
Date.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
—
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
^ov. 14
Hay
_
8
Lieut. Baynes.
8 C.
Night
..
100
8
Lieut. Graham -
Repaired three embrasures in Gordon’s Battery.
A fearful hurricane raged
Turks.
8 C.
the -whole of the forenoon of the 14 th. Towards
evening the wind abated in its violence, and shortly after rain began to fall. This night it was bitterly cold, and snow was fall-
^°v. i 5
ing fast.
Hay
.
-
8
Lieut. Green,
8 C.
II.E.I.C.
Night
100
10
Lieut. Pratt
Frenchmans’ Hill.—Repaired three
8 C.
embrasures. Continued banquettes in advanced boyau, and in trench to the right of No. 1
battery.
V i 6
Day
8
Lieut. Ravenhill.
8 C.
Night
-
150
10
Lieut. Murray -
Improved parapet to right of No. 1
Ordnance effective :—Nine-
Turks.
6 C.
battery, and formed steps in rear of trench. Drained trench b d, and cut cesspools into the rock.
teen guns five 10-inch, tars, three Coehorn mor-
tars.
Improved communication to Coehorn mortar battery, and drained it. Repaired several embrasures.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Night
1st |
380
20
Lieut. Stevens,
The revetting of interior slopes
Turks.
88 th Regt.
continued with stones collected
2d j
400
Mr. Newsome -
on the ground, and the exterior
Turks.
ditches deepened in parts.
The men absent themselves from work at every opportunity. The want of baskets, or barrows, to carry stones, much retards the progress of the work.
I

1Q0 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Nov. 17
Day
-
Line
20
Turks
50
8
Lieut. Martin.
Night
Line
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Drained the magazines, added cesspools to them, and made a few general repairs. The batteries are all in good order. Improved second parallel; the ground very rocky and difficult ; a greater number of men is much wanted.
Nov. 18
Day
- -
Line
20
Turks
50
\
7
Lieut. Lennox -
Made thirty-five loopholes in second parallel, and repaired one platform in No. 4 battery.
Night
-
100
20 e c.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Philips.
The batteries all in good order. Forty men improved the left portion, and sixty the right portion, of second parallel. The ground was rocky and unfavourable.
Nov. 19
Day
-
Line
20
Turks
50
8
4 C.
Lieut. Martin -
-
Night
Line
100
20
6 C.
Lieut. Donnelly Capt. Biddulpli, R.A.
Improved second parallel. Repaired embrasures. Raised
epaulement and parapet of Pic- quet House battery, eighteen inches.
A traverse, and a platform, repaired in Greenhill battery.
1854 .
Remarks.
Casualties:—Line, two wounded.
Serviceable at dawn Twenty-four guns, t B Lj mortars, in Green 111 batteries. Three g BB J one mortar, in P lCl l B House battery. . - A large . body of R usS ' 0 \ troops entered SebasWP this morning.
The batteries of this atf® fired, during the c ° of the day, five shots all. f5
The enemy’s sharpshoo^ 0 in advance killed ^
men, and wounded . men, in the boyau 1® j ing to the second para 1 *
tb e
Continuous fire np° n , o0 > second parallel, * jj enemy’s sharpshooter® front. Little work done in consequence-
Casualties:—Line, two wounded.
Serviceable at daw®^ Twenty-five guns, mortars, in Gre e Sl batteries. Three & oe t one mortar, in ”* 1 House battery.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Nov. 17
Night
Line
16
Lieut. Baynes -
60
Turks
Lieut. Graham.
300
Nov. 18
Night
1st |
200
20
Lieut. Ravenhill
Turks.
Lieut. Green,
2d |
150
Turks.
II.E.I.C.
■Works strengthened ; banquettes commenced. Earth collected for forming a barbette-battery at angle of No. 1 redoubt. The line worked well.
The Turks do but little work. A mound between No. 1 and the battery, is being removed, partly with the view of obtaining earth.
„ f q-a
The 1st relief 01 p jC' received no count of their bad j t .gs Of the 2d relief ^ to than 50 men retn their camp witho" and against orders-

1854 .
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 191
Appendix No. 48 . Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Late.
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
--
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
Nov. 17
Day
.
8
Lieut. Graves.
8 C.
Night
100
10
Capt. Craigie -
Improved trench b d t widened it,
A battery for field pieces
Turks.
6 C.
and heightened parapet; other
constructed in rear of the
cesspools constructed in rear.
Right Lancaster battery ;
Improved boyau in front.
100 men employed there-
on.
■^ov. 18
Day
8
Lieut. Pratt
Casualties:—Line, two men
8 C.
wounded.
Night
105
10
Lieut Murray -
One merlon of battery rebuilt j two
Turks.
8 C.
embrasures and one traverse repaired. Improved trench b d, between mortar battery and No. 1, and beyond the latter. Com-
munication to Coehorn battery improved, banquettes continued,
^ov. i 9
Day
8
Capt. Raines,
&c.
6 C.
95 th Regt.-
Night
.99
10
Lieut. Graves -
Several mortar platforms and two
Turks.
6 C.
embrasures repaired. Drains and batteries cleaned. Parapet improved. The loopholes of third parallel repaired with new sandbags. Cleared water from the trenches.
N °v. i 9
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
1st -j^
50
20
Lieut. Stevens,
The rock in ditch ofNo.l is removed
Line.
88th Regt
by “blasts,” and the banquettes
2d j
100
are continued. Only 50 , out of
Line.
the 100 men demanded, arrived.
Night
144
4
Lieut. V acher,
The interior terreplein is scarped to
For nearly two hours the
Turks.
33 d Regt.
defilade it properly.
workmen were left unprotected, the covering party not arriving till late.
I

192 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Late.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Buty.
Work performed.
Nov. 20
Lay
-
20
8
4 C.
Lieut. Stokes -
The sappers repaired two traverses in Greenhill battery.
Night
100
20
6 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Philips.
Converted Russian rifle-pits (II) into an advanced trench; cover obtained to a distance of sixty yards. A few repairs to batteries at Greenhill.
Nov. 21
Bay
-
20.
20
Turks.
9
Capt. Montagu -
Repaired two platforms in Nos. 4 and 5 batteries, and continued the banquettes.
Night
1st
2d
20G
250
20
6 C.
Lieut. Martin - Lieut. Donnelly.
A second line of rifle-pits (in front, of II) taken without opposition, and converted into a trench called the third parallel. A boyau (No. 1) 180 yards long, pushed forward from the left of second parallel, to meet it. Repaired the batteries and embrasures at Greenhill.
Nov. 22
Lay
"
20
Turks.
8
4 C.
Capt. Biddulpb, R.A.
Night
1st
2d
250
250
20
6C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Stokes.
Commenced three boyaux, Nos. 2,
3, and 4 (altogether about 240 yards in extent), in front of second parallel. Repaired batteries.
1854.
Remarks.
It rained all day.
Casualties* :_Five
wounded.
An attack is made on Russian rifle-pits (H) 1 , front of second paralj e ^ they are taken, and lodgment formed there' ^ hut the working P art ^^ too small to effect a co® munieation to the re ' In this assault Tryon and nine >® were killed, and six'* wounded.
Casualties:—Line, two O' 611 wounded.
The working party ' s strong enough to the advance with second parallel.
Casualties : — Line, men killed, two 0® c „ and twenty-two wounded. . fll r
iecond relief of parties went astrap * t forty-seven men ontyj ) of 250, could be coll*® for work. The c munication to third V rallel, was not, i° quence, completed.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Nov. 20
Day
1st | 2d |
32
Line.
20
Line.
24
Mr. Newsome -
Sappers are employed in blasting the rock in ditch of No. 1.
Night
-
200
Turks.
4
Lieut. Baynes -
Advanced battery improved. Continued to remove the mound between it and No. 1.
, A fsf
The Turks worker better than usual-
Nov. 21
Day
" “
30 Line.
16
8 Erench.
Lieut. Graves -
The miners continue to bias! the rock in No. 1. The “Line” thicken parapet with the soil thus loosened.
* Exclusive of the casualties in the attack of the Russian rifle-pits.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 193
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal —continued . BIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
Date.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
Nov. 20
Day
. .
. .
8
Capt. Craigie.
8 C.
Night
-
50
14
Lieut. Ravenhill
General repairs to batteries.—
Turks.
6 C.
Drained communication to ad-
vanced works, repaired loopholes in third parallel.
Nov, 2l
Day
8
Lieut. Green,
8 C.
H.E.I.C.
Night
-
198
10
Lieut. Murray -
21-Gun Battery.—Laid one platform
The enemy are forming an
Turks.
6 C.
and formed banquettes between
abattis in front of the
merlons. Widened boyau lead-
Redan and the Tower.
ing to Coehorn battery, No. 7.
The “ quarries ” in front
Re-made loopholes in advance;
of the former, are being
frov. 22
112 now serviceable.
converted into rifle screens, with good cover for a large picquet.
Day
-
54
12
Lieut. Yacher,
Improved boyau leading to Coehorn
Casualties:—Line, two men
Night
Turks.
33d Regt.
battery, and the drainage of advanced work.
wounded.
-
104
10
Lieut. Pratt
Widened trench in front of Coehorn
Turks.
6 C.
mortar battery. Repaired banquettes in third parallel, wher-
ever destroyed.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
^OY. 2|
Night
r
82 Line.
4
Lieut. Graham -
The earth from the mound in rear
The 2d relief of Turks ar-
1st
272
of battery, employed to thicken
rived late, and deserted
l
Turks.
its parapets. The mound itself
from the work at every
Day
2d j
260
Turks.
perfectly levelled.
opportunity.
v * 42
1 st r
48 Line.
24
Capt. Stevens,
The rock in the ditch of No. L re-
The Turks arrive without tools, and have to be employed collecting stones for revetting.
2d \
98 Turks.
88th Regt.
doubt is deepened by blasting. The interior slopes are being re-
vetted with stones.
Night
1st |
296
4
Capt. Raines,
The interior slopes of battery are
Turks.
95tli Regt.
revetted with stones. Parapet
2d |
260
strengthened, and ditch deep-
Turks.
ened and widened.
i.
B B

194 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL^
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. ,1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
|no. of ; Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Nov. 23
Day
100
8
•4 C.
Lieut. Lennox -
The cover in second parallel is still insufficient to work within the trench during the day time ; but 100 men were employed deepening and widening Nos. 1, 2, and 3 boyaux.
It rained a great deal all day. The enemy’s &e on our trenches is quick and continuous.
Casualties :—Line, one
man killed, five m ea wounded.
Night
1st
2d
250
250
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips - Lieut. Donnelly.
Improved boyaux, and completed communication •with Tryon’s trenches. Repaired some embrasures, and relaid three platforms. Heightened parapets of the batteries.
Little work was executed after 10 f.m., in consequence of the heavy> and almost incessant fall of rain.
Nov. 24
Day
-
-
8
4 C.
Lieut. Martin.
Night
-
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Improved boyaux, and obtained fair cover. Ground in parts, very rocky. Repaired several embrasures.
Casualties :—Line, oJ,e
man wounded. R°}’ al Engineers, one offi cer wounded.
Serviceable at dawn!'' Twenty-three guns thre mortars in Greenbn batteries. Three go® one mortar in Picq ue House battery.
Lieut. Martin, R.E., dangerously wounded'® the groin by a t'® bullet, whilst point!®® to the relieving office the work for the nigh '
It rained heavily all dal and night.
-'
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Continued to clear away the mound between battery, and No. 1 redoubt; material used to strengthen the parapets.
At 12 J A.jr. a false aj^j was given, and the threw down their and ran away in a . m, Little was done this n e
Nov. 23
Night
300
Turks.
4

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
195
1854. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
"Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks..
Kov. 23
Day
“ -
" “
8
8 C.
Mr. Newsome.
Night
/
105
Turks.
10
6 C.
Lieut. Graves -
General repairs, and drainage, improved throughout.
The weather is very had; the rain is descending continuously. Great difficulty in keeping the Turks to their work.
ttov. 24
\
Day
-
49
Turks.
12
Capt. Stevens 88th Regt.
Drained and cleared out trenches -
Rain continues to fall all day and night.
Night
80
Turks.
10
6 C.
Lieut, de Yere -
l
Drained and cleared out* trenches ; sunk additional cesspits ; old ones cleared out and widened.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
V 24
Day
-
-
24
Lieut Graham -
Continued to remove (by “ blasts ”) the rock in ditch of No. 1 redoubt. Banquettes constructed, and the barbette platform raised.
Night
300
Turks.
4
Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
The battery continued, and its ditch deepened, and the ground in its rear levelled.
Both Turkish officers an- men, urge the discontinuance of the work ; neither the one nor the other exert themselves.

196
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Nov. 25
Day
100
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu -
“ *
Kained so heavily all day that no work could done
Casualties: —Line, one missing.
Night
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Philips.
Improved drainage of No. 2 magazine, No. 1 battery. Repaired one embrasure of No. 4 Battery.
Weather inclement ; D ° work done in the advance. Part of thes e trenches were, from t' x ° to three feet, under water-
Nov. 26
Day
Line
100
Turks
50
■ 8
4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
Improved the third parallel and boy- aux of communication. Bailed out the water from the trenches. The Turks employed to carry materials from the park.
Night
200
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Capt. Biddulph,
E.A.
Connected Tryon’s trench with third parallel, by two boyaux, Nos. 5 and 6. Drained third parallel. Rebuilt one magazine in No. 2 battery. Slight repairs in the other batteries.
Casualties : — Line, tv° men killed; five Mf® wounded. Royal L®” gineers, one 111311
wounded.
The helves of the pickaxe®) are constantly broken pieces, by the troop*) and used for fire-wood. ^
Nov. 27
Day
Night
-
Line
100
Turks
50.
200
8
4 C.
20
6 C.
Lieut. Stokes -
Lieut. Graham -
The Turks improve the road to the camp, where it ascended the rocky part of the hill in rear of the battery.
Seventy-five men improved and widened Nos. 1 and 2 boyaux; and seventy-five men the trench forming third parallel. Ten sappers repaired platforms, and drained the magazines. The remainder of the line increased parapets of Nos. 5 and 6 boyaux.
Casualties : •— Line, >°® men wounded.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Nov. 25
Day
"
-
24
Lieut. Murray -
The “ blasting ” in ditch of No. 1 is continued for a short time.
Night
-
-
-
Lieut. Graham -
The weather became so bad, that no working party was sent.
Nov. 26
Day
1st
2d
99 Line 103 Line 9 8 Turks.
20
Lieut. Pratt
Continued to deepen ditch of No. 1, and completed the banquettes and ramps. Excavation commenced for powder magazine.
Night
1st | 2d |
266
Turks.
212
Turks.
4
Capt. Raines,
95 th Regt.
The stone revetment of lunette continued, and parapets strengthened. The earth and stones are carried in baskets from the mound in rear.
Weather extremely 5*; no working party. ® * pers only, employe^
The 1st relief left with 0 * 1 orders, and without cork' pleting their work, the 2d did not arfl^ until past 2 o’clock, a ° without an ioterpTct^,

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
197
^854. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. BIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks,
i
^OV. 25
Day
-
49
Turks.
G
6 C.
Lieut. Baynes. -
Worked at drainage, and cleared out battery.
Night
-
-
10
6 C.
Capt. Craigie -
Improved drainage of 21-gun battery ; as the ground falls to the front, cuts in the parapets have to be made to drain off the water.
No working party.
^’ov. 26
Day
-
-
8
8 C.
Lieut. Bavenhill.
Night
-
108
Turks.
10
6 C.
Lieut. Graves -
21-Gun Battery.—Several cuts made through parapet, and covered drains constructed, to lead off the water. Naval shell room cleared of water.
X'ov. 27
Day
-
-
8
8 C.
Lieut. Vacher 33d Regt.
-
One 8-inch gun struck on muzzle.
Night
108
Turks.
10
6 C.
Lieut. Pratt
Beplaced injured gabions in parapet of 21-Gun battery ; repaired one traverse and some embrasures. Continued drainage.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
^Ov
27
Day
50 Line
24
Lieut. Graham, The blasting in ditch of No. 1 eon- II.E. tinued. Line employed deepening ditch and thickening parapet on south side, and completing the barbette.
Night
292
Turks.
4
Capt. Stevens, 88th Begt.
The parapets of No. 1 are strengthened, and the mound in its front is being levelled.
The tools were insufficient for this party; only 200 could be employed.

198 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of . Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.,
Not. 28
Day
Line
100
Turks
50
11 Lieut. Philips
Widened and deepened second parallel. The Turks improve the road to the camp.
Night
6 C.
Capt. Montagu - Improved advanced trenches and Lieut. Donnelly. third parallel. Lowered the soles of all the embrasures at Picquet House, to enable the guns to bear on the Russian riflemen in the cemetery. Slight repairs to batteries. ■
Dug a trench 200 feet long, in rear of the wall which ran across the Picquet House ravine, to guard against sorties. Fifty feet of second boyau widened to three feet, and sunk to a depth of two feet. Improved the cover in many parts, and drained some of the trenches.
Casualties:—Line, six m eI1 wounded.
Serviceable at dawn" Twenty-four guns, three mortars in Greenhill bat” teries. Three guns, o° e mortar in Picquet H ov$ e battery.
Nov. 29
Day
Line
100
Turks
50
10
Lieut. Chapman 20th Regt.
A wet and raw day.
Night
200
20 6 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Widened and improved third parallel and communications in rear. Repaired two embrasures, and strengthened some platforms in Greenhill battery.
Casualties:—Line, two D 1 ® ded.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Nov. 28
Night
300
4
Lieut. Ravenhill
The lunette battery is improved.
Turks.
A traverse is formed across entrance of No. 1 redoubt.
„ th 3t
An alarm at 10 r.M- the Russians were suS - vancing in force, pended the several hours. ■ L ? „ p i jet- worked well.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 199
1854.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
RIGHT ATTACK.
Rate.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
.No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Nov. 28
Day
_
-
8
Lieut, de Vere.
8 C.
Night
: 92 ! Turks
10 6 C.
Lieut. Murray
Frenchman’s Ilill Battery.—Part of reserve magazine taken down and rebuilt; drains formed to carry off water. A covered drain made through parapet in trench (b d) opposite the Engineer iDepot. Drainage of Coehorn battery improved. The traverses in left boyau (i e) are repaired.
29
Day
195
Turks.
10 Capt. Raines 6 C. 95tli Regt.
Improved left approach and drained it.
Scarcely any work was done by the Turks. Some of them left the trenches and went away.
Night
Line 50 Turks 98
10 6 C.
Capt. Craigie
Continued third parallel, 160 yards to the right (to »i) ; ground generally rocky, cover not very good. Drained boyau; made several cuts through parapet to let off the water.
The Line worked willingly, but appeared sickly, and stated that they had received no rations this day.
Fifty men of the Line are not considered sufficient to carry on the work. The Turks do but little.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
l '0y
29
Night
142
Turks.
4 Lieut. Baynes
Only 142 Turks reached the battery, out of the 180 that left camp. The stone revetments continued, and the earth shovelled up from the berm.

200
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Bemarks.
Nov. 30
Day
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham -
Ten men partially drained Nos. 1, 2, and 3 batteries; 90 men deepened the second parallel, and Nos. 2, 4, and 6 Boyaux.
Casualties:—Line, two m en wounded.
Night
-
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips - Lieut. Donnelly.
Improved advanced works and boyaux Nos. 1, 3, and 5. Small repairs attended to in the batteries. Drained approach to one magazine, and repaired several platforms.
A large proportion of working party has daw to be employed repair* 8 the banquettes, which a destroyed by the trooP s '
Dec. 1
Day
-
100
S
4 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Improved the second parallel and Nos. 2, 4, and 6 boyaux. Be- paired sandbag epaulement of No. 3 battery.
Baw, wet day.
Night
-
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Lieut. Chapman, 20th Begt.
Improved communications with advanced works. Bebuilt a traverse in No. 1. battery. Eepaired a magazine and some embrasures.
Much damage is being to the banquettes.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Nov. 30
Night
300
Turks.
Hr. Newsome
The mound in front of No. 1 is The men leave off being lowered, and the earth col- midnight, lected to form traverses. Lunette battery continued.
work * 1

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
201
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of
Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
^OV. 30
Day
-
50 Turks
6
6 C.
Lieut. Green H.E.I.C.
Drained battery and approach to third parallel.
The Turks did very little work. The second relief went home without attempting to do anything.
Casualties: —Line, three men wounded.
Night
-
Line 100 Turks 108
10
6 C.
Lieut Graves - Mr. Newsome.
Improved new portion of third parallel; and obtained about four feet of cover. Ground very rocky.
■&ec. l
Day
1st.
2d. |
48 Turks. 160 Turks.
6
6 C.
Lieut. Vacker, 33d Regt.
No work done -
The Turks could not be made to work. The greater part of them deserted homewards at every opportunity.
Night
-
-
9
6 C.
Capt. Stanton. Lieut Pratt.
--
INKERMAN ATTACK.
uc c . t
Lay
1st | 2d |
Picquets.
Line
180
Line
100
Turks
100
*
Capt. Craigie -
The picquets are employed to work in the Lunette battery and first parallel, and the Turks continue to collect earth for the traverses in No. 1 redoubt.
100 Turks employed in making fascines. It is proposed to encamp near these works a detachment of 50 Sappers.
Night
166
Turks.
8
Lieut. Murray -
The parapets of No. 1 strengthened with the earth collected from the outside, and the ditch is being widened in parts.
>
C C

202
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Dec. 2
Day
100
8
4 C.
Capt. Biddulph,
R.A.
Night
-
. 200
20
6 C.
Lieuts. Graham and Philips.
150 men extended second parallel 110 yards to the right; ground t tolerably good; fair cover obtained. Improved cover in third parallel. Repaired three embrasures at Greenhill, and rebuilt two at Picquet House.
Dec. 3
Day
-
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Deepened the work the previous night, on the right of second parallel.
1
Night
200
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Extended second parallel 130 yards to the right; trench averaging three feet in width, and two feet to two feet six inches in depth; improved loopholes in third parallel; repaired, boyaux of communication, embrasures of first parallel, and one magazine.
1854.
Remarks.
A fine day, bat cold damp. fiye
Casualties : — Line, “ men killed, three 10 missing, thirteen 10 ■wounded.
_ the
The double sentry ° n ,, e i right of second was bayonetted by Russians.
rviceable at dawn • Twenty-six guns ;ll mortars, in Hres- batteries. Three
Rained heavily the of the afternoon.
wb° le
rapt 01
ery wet night, Biddulph and Lie®* sick Donnelly are on tn ^ list, and off the i0;
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 2
Day
.
Picquets.
.
Capt. Craigie -
The picquets continue to work in
1st |
Line
the “ Lunette ” battery and first
200
parallel. Redoubt No. 1 con-
f
Line
tinued.
1
120
2d 1
Turks
L
180
Night
220
■8
Capt. Craigie -
A ditch is excavated in front of
Turks.
Lunette battery to obtain earth. A good deal of work done.
The Turkish
charge, Hadgi V> paid great atte ®a the work, and a c $gf> great zeal and ti o and a good work was cons <1 executed.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
203
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
1 1 J
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Bemarks.
^ec. 2
Day
1st
2d
52 Line. 147
6
6 C.
Capt. Baines, 95th Begt.
Generally repaired, drained, and improved works.
The enemy seldom fire more than two or three rounds a day, but those with great precision.
Casualties :—Artillery, one man killed. Line, one man wounded.
One 8-inch gun struck on muzzle.
Night
51 Line. 58 Turks.
10
6 C.
Lieut. Graves -
Improved third parallel, and widened it. Two new drains cut through the parapet, and nine others sunk deeper.
A communication made to a well in front of parallel ( l ) ; occasional firing at the work during the night.
V 3
Day
-
50 Turks
8
4 C.
Lieut. deVere -
Third parallel and left boyau. Several new drains cut through the parapet. Sappers quarrying rock on right of third parallel.
Casualties:—Line,one man wounded.
Night
100
Line.
12
8 C.
Lieut. Baynes -
Improved third parallel. Drained battery.
The working party of the 62d worked extremely well, considering the wretched weather.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
t>ec
Day
_
Ficquets.
. .
1st |
Line
201
f
Line
I
120
2d 1
Turks
l
300
Capt. Craigie -
The first parallel is continued by the picquet party, and likewise the battery. Kedoubt No. 1 con- tinued, but little was done, for, during the momentary absence of the engineer officer, the whole working party (Turks) left and returned to camp. Fascines are being made, but in conveying them to the battery, many are dropped on the road.
C C 2

204
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854'
Working Party.
K. E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 4
Day
100
50Turks
14
4 C.
Lieut. Stokes -
Improved the cover in the new ex- tension of second parallel, commenced last night. The Turks improve the road to the camp.
Night
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Graham -
Extended right of second parallel, (140 yards,) to edge of Sebastopol ravine; average width three feet, and from two feet to two feet six inches in depth. Commenced a a small rifle trench (M) on left front of third parallel. 50 men employed draining No. 1 battery.
Casualties:—Artillery, °^ g man wounded. Line, man killed, three 10 wounded. g r8
Very heavy musketry on the party working,, rifle trench. They ® p to be withdrawn at *
P.M.
Night extremely vet.
Dec. 5
Day
"
200
8
4 C.
Lieut. Philips -
Fine day.
Casualties:—Line, fi ve "Aa
killed, twenty-one
wounded.
Night
-
200
20
G C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Kegt.
Improved right of second parallel. Extended rifle trench (M). so as to afford cover to our sharpshooters. Repaired two embrasures, and strengthened the magazines.
, de® 1
Wet night. A g°° a tb e of firing towards French left.
Dec. 4
IN KERMAN ATTACK.
Day
ist ■£
Line
Capt. Craigie -
First parallel and “ Lunette ” bat-
194
tery are continued by the picquet
r
Line
party. The picquet in No. 1 re-
2d ^
114
Turks 90,
doubt, employed to assist the Turks. The fascine party of
100 men worked well this day.
Night
m m
67 Turks
8
Lieut. Murray -
Turks collect stones for forming a
drain through parapet of battery. The sappers commence the revetment of a magazine.
ledKr
1 continued; s man)' of * ^ sickly, b0 ^

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
205
^854. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
E. E. Officers
/
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Eemarks.
Dec. 4
Day
1 st
2 d
Line 82 Turks 50 Turks 64
6
6 C.
Capt. Eaines, 95th Eegt. Lieut. Graves.
Cut three new drains in 21 -Gun battery; widened and cleared the gutters all along the pathway ; drained the advance.
CasualtiesLine, two men •wounded.
Night
104
70Turks.
12
8 C.
Capt. Stanton -
Improved advanced parallel. Commenced communication between left of Gordon’s battery and the the caves (A) in Woronsoff ravine. Improved drainage of boyau and battery; soil very rocky.
The Turks work as usual.
The enemy’s riflemen on the Mamelon, annoy the guard of the trenches stationed in the right of the third parallel.
fi «e. 5
Day
-
140
Turks.
6
6 C.
Capt. Gibb
Improved drainage, and cleared advanced works. Improved communication with ravines; the rock has to be quarried and “ blasted.”
Several men unable to work from sickness. Casualties :—Line, three
men wounded.
Night
-
82
Turks
108
12
8 C.
Lieut. Baynes -
Heightened parapet of advanced parallel ; continued the communication with caves (A). One embrasure of 21-Gun masked, another unmasked, and two repaired.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
Dine'
200 "
Line
108
Turks
191
Capt. Craigie -
A traverse constructed on the left of first parallel, and the trench improved and banquettes added.
Lunette Battery.—Stones collected for revetting ; magazine and traverses continued. The ditch of No. 1 redoubt deepened, and the stones used for thickening the parapet. Collected earth in baskets for the parapet and traverse. The Turks construct fascines; only 103 could be got to do any work.
The ground in advance is very rocky, and will have to be removed by “ blasts.”

206 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEG-E OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Pate.
Time.
Working Party.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
B. E. Officers on Duty.
Work performed.
Bemarks.
Dec. C
Day
200
14 4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly.
Casualties:—Line, two W 6 ® killed, two men wound 6 ®'
Night
200
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu Lieut. Stokes.
Improved 320 yards of the right of second parallel. Extended the returns at end of first, third, and fifth boyaux to secure the trenches from the cross fire of the riflemen in front of Elagstaff battery.
No sentries were posted 1 front until 8 P.M., "l 1 ! the Boyal Engineer cer perceiving the ow 1 sion posted them him se
Dec. 7
Day
100
16 4 C.
Lieut. Graham
A naval 8-inch gun abled; muzzle shot on-
Night
194
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips - Lieut. Chapman, 20th Begt.
100 men improved and drained left of second parallel. 30 men im- proved Nos. 1 and 2 boyaux. 34 men repaired four embrasures, and relaid two mortar platforms. 30 men carried material for a new platform from the park.
asualties :—Line, 1 killed, 2 men wounde • old and frosty Di A r i This is the first frost.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 6
Day
r
Line 80
Capt. Craigie -
Advanced Parallel.—The rock in
1st ^
Picquets.
trench removed by crow-bars
1
120
and sledges ; other traverses con-
f
120
structed on the left of trench.
2d J
Turks
The ditch of Lunette battery
1
184
deepened, and the magazine walls revetted with the stones collected
by the picquet party. Traverses continued. The drains are com-
pleted. A trench for a magazine excavated in redoubt No. 1, and earth is collected in baskets
to form traverses, &c. The Turks continue to construct fascines.
Little work was don ^ e . the Turks, and
ceived, consequent^ >
half a day’s pay.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 207
Appendix No. 48 . Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
R. E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Lee. 6
Day
1st | 2d |
54
Turks.
154
Turks.
6
6 C.
Lieut. Pratt
Cleaned and drained batteries. Continued approach to the caves (A) in ravine. Blasted the large stones in this trench, and in the right of the third parallel.
Little work is done by the Turks.
Night
Line
104
Turks
76
12
8 C.
Capt. Stanton -
Widened third parallel; continued communication with caves in ravine.
Dec. 7
Day
-
122
Turks.
6
6 c.
j
Lieut, de Vere -
Improved communications with ravine ; third parallel deepened and widened in parts, by blasts and quarrying.
A Turkish soldier, the best workman, wounded in the arm by a musket ball.
Casualties : — Line, three men killed, and six men missing. 1
Night
Line
100
Turks
69
12
8 C.
Lieut. Graves -
Improved new part of third parallel; cleared the trench, drained it, and raised the banquette.
Dec, 7
Day
Line 80
Picquets
1st
120
2d
120
Turks
192
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Capt. Craigie
Banquettes in advanced or first parallel continued, and the rock in the trench removed. Lunette Battery.—Excavated ditch, and thickened parapet near the magazine ; stones are collected for revetting the interior of it. The ditch of No. 1 redoubt is deepened, and parapet thickened; earth collected in baskets. Construction of fascines continued.
The Turks do not arrive until 11 A.Jt.

208
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1&54-
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 8
Day
200
8
4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
Widened and deepened second parallel, improved its banquettes, and cut steps to the rear of trench.
Casualties:—Line, five & e11 wounded.
Night
“
100
20
6 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Lieut. Philips.
Repaired and strengthened parapet of third parallel. Improved second parallel and drained it thoroughly. Made a trench (K), about seventy yards long, across Woronzoff Road, to communicate with the left of right attack.
Serviceable at da"' 1 * ' j Twenty-five guns, t".,) mortars, on Green Three guns, one 10 tar, at Picquet Hous e '
Dec. 9
Day
200
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Repaired terreplein of No. 1 battery; laid one platform. Rebuilt part of sandbag revetment of No. 2 battery. Improved first parallel between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries, and parts of second parallel. Prepared ground for an additional mortar platform in No. 6.
Private S. Coles killed’ first casualty a mor> & lae k. Sappers, in this
A 32-pounder g un abled at Picquet H° us '
Night
100
20
6 C.
Lieut. Graham - Lieut. Chapman, 20tli Regt.
Improved right of second parallel. Deepened ■west end of first bo- yau. Six men and some sappers laid one platform, and repaired several embrasures. Thirty men improved first parallel.
The working part)' is h" a t small. There is » a deal to be done, ;ll-
though the men ® re » or jji ing, they cannot pe r the work required! j,e men, at least, shoo ^ furnished both 4*7 night.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 8
Day
Line 72
Capt. Craigie -
First Parallel.—The whole party
Picquets
employed excavating the rock in
1st
120
the trench; the banquettes are
2d
120
continued, and sods are cut to revet and heighten the traverses.
Lunette Battery.—Ditch widened to collect material for the magazine; stones collected for revetting the same, and the traverses.
Redoubt No. 1.—The miners continue to excavate for a magazine, and the Turks assist in deepen-
ing the ditch in left rear. Very little progress was made by the
“ fascine ” party.
i it
, ,, r ri
The Turks do not * do until 12, noon, little work. r ^^ e a , 0 r^i in redoubt No. 1 badly, and were c their pay.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
209
Appendix No. 48 . Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Lee. 8
Bay
1st | 2d |
40
Turks.
148
Turks.
6
8 C.
Capt. Gibb
Banquettes repaired and drains cleared, in third parallel and ap. proaches. Widened and deepened trench (« h). Sappers continue to quarry the rock in third parallel.
Casualties : — Line, one officer missing.
Night
Line
104
Turks
66
12
8 C.
Lieut. Pratt
Extended third parallel sixty yards to the right (to n), and improved parapet of old part. Cleared and drained Coehorn battery. The cesspools widened.
The working parties are very industrious ; the 55 th Regt. particularly so; but the number of men is altogether insufficient for the work ; great scarcity of miners’ tools.
Lee. 9
Bay
1st |
2d j
50
Turks.
112
Turks.
6
6 C.
Capt. Stanton -
Improved communication with ravine. Sappers quarried the rock in third parallel.
Night
-
Line
200
Turks
80
12
8 C.
Lieut, de Yere -
Improved right of third parallel, and commenced a boyau from (n), leading back towards No. 1 battery. Thickened parapets of the 21-Gun battery, and that of communication (a k ) leading to the caves. Brainage throughout the parallels attended to and improved.
The opening of drain ( d) on left of No. 1 battery was enlarged into an embrasure, as an attack was expected. All the closed embrasures, in which guns had been placed, were unmasked.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
9
Bay
*<■4
-
Line
80 *
Picquets
-
Capt. Craigie -
1st
120
2d
130
Turks
191
First parallel improved; banquettes added, and “ sods ” for revetment collected.
Lunette Battery.—Bitch -widened, parapet thickened near magazine, and stones for revetting, collected in the vicinity.
Eedoubt No. 1 .—Excavation for magazine continued by the miners.
The Turks who were ordered to make fascines did not commence until 11 a.m., and worked very unsatisfactorilv.
men -
at - 'were not relieved, like the picquets, but remained for the whole period of six hours. They used to arrive at 9 a.m., j P,M - The picquets worked in two reliefs, viz. : from 8 a.m., til] noon, and from noon to 4 r.M.
D D

210
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Date.
Time.
Working Party.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
K.E. Officers on Duty.
Work performed.
Bemarks.
Dec. 10
Dec. 11
Day
Night
Line
100
Turks
230
100
Day
100
Night
100
8
4 C.
20 6 C.
Capt. Biddulpli, B.A.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Donnelly.
8
4 C.
20 6 C.
Lieut. Stokes -
Capt. Montagu ■ Lieut. Lennox.
Turks carried gabions and stores to this attack from the camp.
Improved right of second parallel. Improved end of first boyau (ground rocky). Laid a new platform in No. 2 battery.
Bepaired revetment of No. 1 battery.
Improved right of second parallel. The batteries are repaired; several embrasures revetted; and platforms regulated. Four sappers repaired the mortar magazine.
Casualties:—Line, two » ieI1 wounded.
Little work was done. men stated that they h*® now been five cons®" cutive nights in ^ trenches.
Casualties:—Line, four H 16 ® wounded.
The
picquet, which, , Captain Montagu’s vice, was this night s , fl tioned at trench (Kb
Woronzoff Boad (i n
ad"
vance of second paraM^.’ repulsed an attack of 2® Eussians, who tried L turn the right flank 01 second parallel.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
1st
2d
Line
80
Picquets
120
120
Turks
176
Capt. Craigie -
First parallel continued. The traverses on left completed. A great number of “ sods ” are cut for revetting; banquettes continued.
Lunette Battery.—Ditch widened and cleaned. Walls of magazine built. The centre traverse is raised, and the right ditto completed.
Bedoubt No. 1.—Interior excava tion continued. The greater
part of the working party collect stones and earth in baskets. Some Turks employed bringing up Bussian tools from the quarry in ravine.
■t he want of an interpret caused much trouble.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
211
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. BIGHT ATTACK.
Late.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Lee. lo
Day
-
50 Turks
6
6 C.
Lieut. Graves -
Laid one mortar platform. Cut steps to caves. “Blasted” the rock in third parallel.
CasualtiesLine, one man wounded.
Night
Line
178
Turks
90
12
6 C.
Capt. Gibb
Improved battery communication ■with ravine, and third parallel.
Many of the Turks and several of the 95th were too sickly to work.
Le c . ii
Day
1st
2d |
50 Turks 133 Turks.
6
6 C.
Capt. Stanton -
Heightened parapets of boyau; improved communication with ravine (a A). Repaired one traverse, and cleared away rock from third parallel.
Night
1st
2d
1st
2d
Line
208
53
Turks
32
102
12
6 C.
Lieut. Pratt
Heightened parapet of 21-Gun battery. Repaired banquette in approach; improved third parallel; built stone loopholes.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
eJ
at
(2
Day
1st
2d
Line
80
Picquets
120
120
Turks
192
Capt. Craigie -
First parallel.—" Sods ” collected for revetting the interior slopes. The excavation in interior is continued.
Lunette Battery.—Ditch widened, and parapet thickened opposite to magazine. The revetment of right traverse is completed with “sods.” Turks chiefly employed in carrying earth to and fro in baskets, and collecting stones for revetting.
Ninety-eight Turks (included in the number in the column) were employed in making fascines for revetting purposes.
•
Redoubt No. 1.—Interior continued, and the ditch in rear of left face deepened.
D D 2

212
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
AVorking Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 12
Day
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham -
Revetted part of No. 1 battery; improved first parallel between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries. Sappers prepared ground for a 13-inch mortar platform, between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries.
A fine day ; mild. Casualties : — Line, < men wounded.
Night
100
80 from Guard of Trenches.
20
6 C.
Capt. Biddulph,
R.A.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Improved right of second parallel. Deepened trench (K) in AVoron- zoff Road. Improved parapet of first parallel, to form a new 13-inch mortar battery (No. 2).
Dec. 13
Day
-
-
8
4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly.
Night
-
170
20
G C.
Lieut. Stokes -
Improved second parallel. Repaired parapet of No. 1 battery. Prepared ground for a 13-inch mortar at Picquet House.
Casualties:—Line, t^° lll£ wounded.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Be c. 12
Day
Line
80
Picquets
1st
125
2d
137
Turks
178
First parallel.—The rock excavated as far as practicable.
Lunette Battery, strengthened, especially near magazine j earth carried to it in baskets, from the neighbourhood.
Redoubt No. 1.—Excavation in interior continued. Masons employed in revetting superior slopes and likewise counterscarp of ditch. The Turks collect earth from the outside, and continue to make fascines.
1 d
The Turks worked o0 e and are entitled t full day’s pay.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
213
l85 L Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. BIGHT ATTACK.
Late.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Lee. 12
Day
1st | 2d |
Turks
50
Turks
150
G
G C.
Lieut, de Yere -
Widened communication to the third parallel. Sappers quarried out the rock on the right of parallel. Rebuilt one traverse in Gordon’s battery.
Several gabions and fascines are pulled out of the parapet for firewood.
Casualties:—Line, one man wounded; three men killed.
Night
Line
203
Turks
74
12
8 C.
Lieut. Baynes - Lieut. Anderson.
Improved parapet, of third parallel, of left moitar battery, and of communication to caves. Improved six merlons of 21-Gun battery.
]) ec. 13
Day
1st
2d
50
GO
12
Capt. Gibb
Mr. Newsome.
Improved approaches between battery and third parallel; various smaller improvements attended to. Used six fascines and six gabions for repairs in the 21-Gun battery; commenced to transform one of the caves ( k ) into a magazine.
The enemy kept up a sharp rifle fire on third parallel.
Fewer men are sick than usual.
Night
Line
200
Turks
105
12
8 O.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Graves.
Repairs. Improved communication in front, and cleared left approach, near the 21-Gun battery.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
-
Line
80
-
Capt. Craigie -
First parallel.—Rock continued to be excavated.
1st
2d
Picquets
120
120
Turks
95
Lunette Battery_Parapet thickened near magazine, and the latter well covered with earth. Banquettes continued, and the drains improved; new ones added.
Redoubt No. 1.—The interior is being drained, and the ditches are drained and improved ; earth is collected in baskets.
The Turks do not arrive till late, and work unsatisfactorily.

214
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
,1854.
Working Party.
Bate.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of No. of Men. Sappers
R.E. Officers on Buty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Bee. 14
Bay
83, and 100 from Guard of Trenches.
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu Lieut. Lennox.
Thickened parapet of No. 2 battery, and that to the right of No. 3 (new mortar battery, No. 2). Made a cut through parapet, to left of No. 5. Sappers repaired and relaid several Madras platforms, and laid the sleepers for the new 13-inch mortar platform.
Casualties:—Line, two killed, eight wounded.
me 11
nte®
Night
61,
and
34
from
Covering
Party.
20 6 C.
Lieut. Graham
Repaired and improved the batteries of the first parallel.
Night very wet.
The strength of the v ° ing parties is not s°^ { cient to keep in re P eS , the batteries and trenen It will be impossible ^ commence any new w®^ without a much increa force.
Bee. 15
Bay
Night
100
100
8
4 C.
20 6 C.
Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Lieut. Lennox
Madras platforms repaired by sappers, and one mortar platform laid. Parapet of new mortar battery No. 2 continued. Blasted the rock at Picquet House battery, for new mortar platform. Commenced a new magazine in the parallel, to the left of No. 1 battery.
Threw up earth on to the parapet of third parallel, from the exterior. Thickened parapet of 13-inch mortar battery No. 2. Cleared the drain in left centre of second parallel.
Very wet day. a n
Casualties:—Line, one m killed.
of
Some snow fell at da"° the 16th.
Bee. 14
Bay
1st
2d
Line
80
Picquets
120
120
Turks
179
INKER-MAN ATTACK.
Capt. Craigie
First Parallel.—Excavated the rock in the trench. The soil so difficult, that a trench has to be made in front to collect sufficient earth to form the parapet.
“ Iwjd
All the Turks were ch^ their pay for bad and a report of tne sent to their conn 03 officer.
Lunette Battery.—Parapets “ finished off,” and ground in rear levelled. AH the earth collected is thrown upon the top of magazine. Brains continued.
Redoubt No. 1.—Braining and excavating in interior. Stones are collected, and the revetting of counterscarp is continued.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
215
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. BIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Bemarks.
Lee. 14
Day
| 131
! 6
6 C.
Lieut. Pratt Lieut. Drake.
Continued the cave magazines ( k ). Quarried stone in third parallel. Altered one embrasure.
Lee. is
Night
- •>
Line
200
Turks
80
12
8 C.
Lieut, de Vere - Lieut. Baynes.
Traced and commenced 108 yards of communication (n o) from right of third parallel, towards Lancaster battery, No. 1. Thickened parapet, and improved cover between left mortar battery No. 6, and caves (k). The stones of the quarries in front, are used for this purpose, as the ground is too rocky to excavate.
Casualties:—Line, one man killed.
Pickaxes are getting scarce.
Day
12
8 C.
Lieut. Anderson Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Quarried the rock in advanced trench. Worked at drainage of Lancaster battery, and of the sailors’ magazine. The water stands to a depth of several inches around the latter magazine.
The enemy annoy the working party in No. 1 battery by a heavy musketry fire.
Casualties:—Line, two men wounded.
Night
Line
200
Turks
75
t
I
12
8 C.
Capt. Gibb
Lieut. Graves.
Eevetted one embrasure and one traverse of No. 1 battery. The culvert on right of the “ 21-Gun” is rebuilt. The trenches drained throughout. Improved trenches (n o') in rear of right of third parallel.
Owing to the heavy rain, and darkness, not much work was done; the water accumulated so rapidly, that the drains became insufficient to carry it off. The trenches remained flooded in several places.
The Turks marched away without doing any work.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
J ec. l5
Day
1st
2d
Line
80
Picquets
120*
- ' -
Capt. Craigie -
Pirst Parallel.—Excavating rock, thickening parapet, and making banquettes. Drainage improved.
120
Lunette Battery.—The ditch in front of magazine is widened, and the parapet and traverse on left, are heightened with the earth thus obtained. Drains and banquettes attended to.
Eedoubt No. 1.—Interior excavated for drainage.
* Sixty of these men received only a quarter of a day’s pay, in consequence of their had work.

216 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
“Working Party. j
R.L. Officers
l
1
Remarks.
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
1
No. of ; Men. j
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
“Work performed. !
Dec. 16
Day
•
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Stokes.
Cut drain through parapet of No. 1 battery, to lead off water. Laid platforms at No. 1 battery. Rebuilt part of parapet of No. 2. Thickened parapet of mortar battery, and commenced a drain. Cut a new drain in centre of second parallel. Blasted the rock at Picquet House battery for the mortar platform.
•
Night
1st
2d
6G
50
20
6 C.
Lieut. Graham -
Thirty-two men improved parapet of new 13-inch mortar battery, No 2, and prepared ground for platforms. Thirty-four men drained and placed one new magazine in No. 1 battery. Sappers renewed one 13-inch platform, and repaired three embrasures.
Casualties:—Line, one man killed, two men wounded.
“Wretched weather. It rained heavily, and snotred occasionally.
Dec. 17
Day
100
8
4 C.
Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Repaired the large reserve magazine in caves.
Casualties : — Line, men killed.
Night
-
100
20
6 C.
Lieut. Donnelly-
Improved parapet of 13-inch mortar battery No. 2, and laid one platform. Improved drainage and magazine of No. 1 battery. Completed small magazine in No. 5 battery.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 16
1st
2d
Line
76
Picquets
50
None.
Capt. Craigie -
First Parallel.—The drainage is again made good, as well as the step of the banquettes. Parapets had. to be heightened.
Lunette Battery.—Drainage improved, and mud cleared from the interior of battery.
Redoubt No. 1.—Interior drainage continued.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
217
1854 . Appendix No. 48 . Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Late.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Lee. 16
Day
158
Turks.
6
6 C.
Capt. Stanton - Mr. Newsome.
Improved drainage of left approach, which in parts is full of water, and cleared the batteries. Two new drains constructed in the 21-Gun. Collected stones for magazine in the caves ( 7 i).
The working party did not arrive until 3 p.m. Little was done.
Gabions continue to be destroyed. Corporal King, R.E., mentioned for his zeal and exertions.
Niglit
-
104
12
8 C.
Lieut. Pratt
Lieut. Drake.
Heightened parapet on the right of the “21-Gun,” and cut through it another drain. Drained and cleared approach to caves ( k ).
Casualties:—Line, one man killed, and one man wounded.
]) ec. 17
Lay
1st
2d |
Line 50 Turks 100
6
6 C.
Lieut, de Yere - Lieut. Baynes.
Cleansed batteries and approaches to third parallel. Constructed a new drain through the parapet of the latter. Rebuilt one embrasure in No. 1, and the merlon between its two guns.
The Turks worked very indifferently.
Casualties:—Line, one man wounded.
Night
100
12
8 C.
Lieut. Anderson Lieut. Green,
Il.E.I.C.
Improved parapets of left boyau. Eormed sandbag loopholes in third parallel.
The work occasionally disturbed by the enemy’s artillery fire.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
I)
° c ' 17 .
Line 80
I’icquets
1st
120
2d
105
Turks
173
Capt. Craigie -
First Parallel.—Earth collected in front, for heightening the parapets. Drainage continued, and banquettes improved.
Lunette Battery.—Parapet thickened opposite magazine. Drainage im- ' proved. The roads leading to the works are being macadamized. The Turks collect and break stones for the same.
Redoubt No. 1.—The magazine is being covered, and the drainage around it, and in the interior of redoubt, is improved. The construction of fascines is continued.
1 .
E E

218
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 18
Day
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Philips.
Continued new mortar hattery, No. 2. Constructed a traverse -within it, and laid a mortar platform. Improved magazine at No. 1 battery. Rebuilt traverse to left of No. 4. Strengthened magazine of No. 5, and cut a drain through parapet. Two Sappers blast the rock in second parallel.
Casualties:—Line, one ina° killed, and seven n ien wounded.
Night
180
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Improved third parallel and trench (K) on Woronzoff Road. Drained boyaux of communication. Worked at drains of No. 1 battery.
Dec 19
Day
** ”
200
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham. Lieut. Stokes.
Night
-
290
20
6 C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Improved third parallel, and parapet of new 13-inch mortar battery, No. 2. Drained Nos. 1, 3, and 5 boyaux.
Casualties:—Line, one missing.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 18
Day
1st
2d
Line 78 Picquets 120 120 Turks None.
Capt. Gibb
First Parallel.—The drainage and banquettes are continued, for •which fascines are employed.
The road to the Lunette battery is continued. Stones collected.
Redoubt No. 1. — Barbette continued. Drainage improved, and magazine strengthened.
Dec. 19
Day
1st
2d
Line 50 Picquets 120
117
Turks
100
Capt. Gibb
FirstParallel.—Quarrying and blasting the rock in the trench, to obtain sufficient cover and earth. Interior revetted,partly, with fascines.
Lunette Battery.—Stones are collected, and the road macadamized. Parapets heightened, and drains improved and cleared.
Redoubt No. 1.—The interior stone revetment continued ; likewise that for a new magazine. The terreplein is levelled, and cleared of mud.
Brushwood is cut, and some fascines are made.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
219
*854. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
K.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. is
Day
Line 184 Turks 200
6
6 C.
Lieut, Graves -
General repairs to batteries, and improvements to advanced
trenches.
All the men worked in a satisfactory manner. Casualties:—Line, one man killed.
Night
- . -
Line 208 Turks 80
12
8 c.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Vacher, 33rd Regt.
Improved right of third parallel, and portion (n o') of right approach. Strengthened parapet of 21-Gun battery.
The want of pickaxes retards the work.
Dec. 19
Day
1st |
-{
Line 109 Turks 47
Turks
85
6
6 C.
Lieut. Ravenhill Lieut. Pratt.
Repairs and drains attended to
Casualties: —Line, one man missing.
Night
Line 192 Turks 64
12
8 C.
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Murray.
Improved Gordon’s battery, portion (n o) of right communication, and third parallel. Several loopholes added to the third parallel.
The Turks only entitled to half a night’s pay. 300 men could be employed if tools could be provided for them.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Night
1
Line
Capt. Gibb
A new battery is commenced for
The men worked well this
288
four mortars on the right of the first parallel. The soil is very difficult and rocky, but tolerable progress is made.
A trench (second parallel) commenced 700 yards in front of first parallel. Stones are collected as well as earth, to obtain some kind of cover, as the soil does not admit of sinking a ditch.
evening.
E e 2

220
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued . 1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 20
Day
Line 200 Sailors 53
8
4 C.
Lieut. Neville - Lieut. Donnelly.
Eighty men drained No. 1 battery, and prepared ground for platforms. Improved the new magazine. Thirty men commenced to convert two caves into a magazine. Fifty men improved left of second parallel, for a new battery, and sappers continued to blast the rock at Picquet House battery, and repair several platforms.
The sailors rebuilt a traverse in No. 3, and cleared up No. 2 and 5.
Casualties : — Line, ° ne officer and fourteen wen killed, nineteen TlieI1 wounded, two officer 5 and eight men missing- This includes the casual' ties that occurred during the sortie on the night ot the 20th.
Night
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Lennox -
Improved cover on the right of second parallel. Improved third parallel.
About 2.30 A.Ji., the enemy made a strong sorti* against this attack, an at first, forced the gust of the third parallel to retire. The enemy soon, however, dri' e hack.
Dec. 21
Day
200
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Philips.
Thickened parapet of new mortar battery, and laid one platform. Connected the two magazines of No. 1., by a communication. Continued the magazines in caves. Continued banquettes along second parallel. Cleared away the rock at No. 6. battery, and loosened it by blasts.
Casualties :—Line, three men wounded.
Night
194
20
6 C.
Lieut. Graham -
Deepened third parallel. Repaired parapets of Nos. 1, 5, and 6 boyaux. Commenced two covered ways for latrines, one in rear of second parallel, and the other on right of first boyau.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 20
Day
-
Line 73 Picquets
-
Capt. Gibb
1st
121
2d
120
Turks
100
Mortar Battery.—One row of gabions fixed, and remainder arc carried down from the park. The excavation of terreplein is continued, and cover is obtained in rear.
First Parallel.—Thickened parapet, and placed fascines on crest to obtain sufficient height of cover.
Lunette Battery.—Improving drains and parapets, and levelling ground for platforms.
Redoubt No. 1.—Clearing terreplein, and deepening drains, and building magazines. Roads to the different works are continued. All the platform material for the French battery {St. Laurent’s) is carried down from the park.
A working party had & i ordered for the adva po trench, but they di arrive.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
221
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued, RIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
®ec. 20
Day
Line 108 Turks 150
12
8 C.
Lieut. Anderson Lieut. Green,
H.E.I.C.
Twenty-one Gun Battery_Commenced two latrines in rear of No. 4. Finished revetting three embrasures ; partly completed two others.
Repaired two platforms. Improved drainage and cleared advanced trench. The rock on right of third parallel quarried out.
The Turks worked very badly.
Casualties :—Line, one
officer and eleven men missing, five men killed, and seventeen men
wounded.
Night
-
87
Turks.
12
8 C.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut, de Vere.
Pilled and placed 250 sandbags in advanced parallel. Improved battery.
All of the Turks, with the exception of two, worked excessively badly.
The Russians attack the advanced parallel and are repulsed. Our loss is stated above.
V 21
Day
“ “
Line218 Turks 98
8
8 C.
Lieut. Graves - Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Gordon’s Battery.—Rebuilt three embrasures, two merlons, and two traverses, and raised the parapet throughout. Blasted rock in advanced trench.
The men worked in a satisfactory manner. Casualties :—Line, one
man missing.
Night
-
LinelOG
Turks
61
12
8 C.
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Pratt.
Improved parapet and communications at right of parallel. Filled sandbags, and repaired parts of batteries.
INKERMAN ATTACK
Day
-
Line 1.38 Picqnets
-
Capt. Gibb
1st
120
2d
120
Turks
100
Mortar Battery.—Traverse laid out, and gabions placed. Epaulemcnt commenced, and parapets heightened. First Parallel.—Excavated in front and rear, to thicken and heighten parapet. One row of fascines placed on interior crest of the battery called the French or St. Laurent’s battery. One platform is therein laid, and the drainage of
the right portion commenced.
Second parallel in advance, is continued. Stones are gathered for forming the parapet. Good cover obtained. Lunette Battery. —Forming drains, heightening parapets, macadamizing the roads.
Redoubt No. 1.—Drainage continued. Building and covering magazines, and revetting interior slopes with stones.

222 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LETT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Remarks.
Date.
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
Dec. £2
Day
200
8
Lieut. Stokes
Casualties :—Line,
4 C.
Lieut. Chapman,
men wounded.
20th Regt.
Night
_ _
200
20
Lieut. Neville -
Improved cover at right of second
The night intensely
6 C.
parallel. 100 men prepared ground for a battery, No. 9, on left of second parallel. Ten
and wet.
Much damage is being to the parapets and
men cleared out the drains.
quettes.
Dec. 2
Day
_
270
8
Lieut. Lennox -
Employed twenty men at each of
4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly.
the batteries Nos. 1, 2, 3, and
4; and fifty-two men at magazines in caves. Torty-eight men improved cover in new battery,
No. 9. Fifty men made steps to the rear of second parallel, and the
remainder cleared the rock in
Picquet-llouse mortar battery, The sappers repaired several platforms.
Night
-
200
20
Capt. Montagu -
100 men thickened part of parapet
6 C.
of first parallel, from the outside, and deepened drain through No. 1
battery. Torty-six men continued covered way for latrines in rear of second parallel. Twenty men extended third pa- rellel to edge of left ravine. Twenty-four men continued second boyau, forty yards to
westward. Ten men drained third and fourth boyaux.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 22
Day
Line
_
Capt. Gibb
Mortar Battery.—Excavation con-
The continuous and rain retarded the p r
236
tinued, in front and rear. A row of fascines, placed on the top of
Picquets
of the works.
1st
120
the gabions, and the epaulement
2d
180
heightened. The second platform is laid in St. Laurent’s battery.
Tirst Parallel.—The line of fascines on the interior crest, is continued to be placed. Both front
and rear trenches are widened to obtain sufficient soil for the parapets.
The trench of second parallel is continued and improved.
Lunette Battery.—Heightening the parapets and draining interior. The macadamizing of the roads is continued.
Redoubt No. 1.—Braining and re-
vetting interior slope. Building magazines.
ni» e
dark rd on e
.;olc»

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
223
1854 .
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
BIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
K.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
bee. 22
Hay
Night
Line
72
Turks
36
12 8 C.
8
Lieut. Murray - Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Lieut. Anderson
General repairs. Quarried the rock on the right of third parallel. Rebuilt banquettes.
Improved drainage of Gordon’s battery, and of “ advanced ” trenches.
The line party worked badly, and are recommended only for half a day’s pay.
No working party.
bee. 23
Day
1st
2d
Line
82
Turks
51
Line
71
Turks
74
12 8 C.
Capt. Stanton Lieut. Graves.
Cleared drains, of battery, and of communications. Repaired revetments, and three embrasures. Relaid one platform. Excavated the rock in third parallel.
Night
Line 150 Turks 50
12 8 C.
Lieut, de Yere - Lieut. Yacher, 33rd Regt.
Thickened parapet on the right of Gordon's battery. Improved left boyau, and two of the traverses. Cleared drains.
The line did not work well
INKERMAN ATTACK.
u ee.
23
Day
.
Line
Capt. Gibb
Redoubt No. 1.—Revetted interior
250
slopes with stones, and covered
Picquets
magazines with earth.
1st
200
2d
120
Lunette Battery.—Thickened para-
Turks
pets and drained interior.
100
Second parallel continued.
Mortar Battery.—Excavation con-
tinued in front and rear. Remain-
der of fascines placed and fixed.
The Russian riflemen have advanced close to the advanced trench, and killed one man in that trench. They are in greater force than hitherto.
A heavy fire was kept up for the first two hours, from the enemy’s batteries, the two ships in the harbour, and the sharpshooters. Three casualties occurred in the trench.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
24
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
183-4.
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
"Work performed.
Bemarks.
Dec. 24
Day
-
"
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham - Lieut Philips.
-
Very wet and cold.
Night
-
94
20
6 C.
Lieut Stokes -
Improved parapet of advanced trench. Continued covered ways for latrines.
Casualties :—Line, fi ve killed, one man woun
Dec. 25
Day
-
“
8
4 C.
Lieut. Neville* - Lieut. Chapman, 20 th Kegt.
Casualties :—Line, one n'^ killed, two men woun
Night
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
100 men thickened parapet of mortar battery, No. 2, from the ditch in front. Improved trenches
(K) and (I)) across Woronzoff road.
qjl
Casualties:—Line, one m j S s- wounded, two men ing.
Dec. 26
Day
250
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut Lennox.
Improved drains of No. 1 battery. Continued magazines in caves, and roads leading to them. Thickened parapet of new mortar battery, No. 2. Second parallel ; banquettes renewed, and trenches drained and improved. Twenty-five men assisted sappers to blast and clear the rock at Picquet House battery.
Night
194
20
6 C.
Capt. Biddulpli,
B.A.
Cleared ground for battery No. 9, on left of second parallel. Improved parapet on right of second parallel. Continued covered ways to latrines.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 24
Dec. 25
Day
-
-
-
Day
_ _
Line
248
Picquets
1st
120
2d
120
Turks
100
Capt. Gibb
It rained incessantly and heavily all day. No work was done.
Capt. Gibb
lledoubt No. 1.—Draining and building magazines; levelling interior of battery.
Lunette Battery.—Thickening parapet ; draining interior and macadamizing roads.
Advanced Parallel. — A traverse formed in left centre of parallel, with the superfluous stones collected in the neighbourhood.
Mortar Battery. — Ground excavated both in front and rear, to obtain earth.
Trench (second parallel) extended and improved.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
225
l8 54. Appendix No. 48. Trencli Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
Date.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
Lee. 24
Day
.
Dine
12
Capt. Craigie -
Repairs in battery
The Turks are not entitled
41
Turks
8 C.
Lieut. Pratt.
to any pay.
40
Night
-
-
8
Lieut. Murray -
-
Owing to the severity of
Lieut. Green,
,
the "weather, no work
II.E.I.C.
was done.
Lee. 25
Day
1st
100
12
Capt. Stanton -
Renewed four embrasures. Irn-
Casualties : — One man
2d
100
8 C.
Lieut. Graves.
proved parapet. Drains and
killed, and one man
trenches, generally cleared.
wounded.
Night
-
41
16
Lieut. Vaclier,
Improved parapets of Nos. 3 and 4
The Turks worked very
Turks.
33d Regt.
batteries. Arched over the drains, which crossed the roadway of battery.
badly.
L?c. 2S
Day
1st
108
12
Capt. Craigie -
Repaired and drained battery.
2d
104
8 C.
Lieut, de Yerc.
Night
70
16
Lieut. Pratt
Raised parapet of advanced works.
Turks.
Lieut. Green,
II.E.I.C.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
1)oc - 26
Day
1st
2d
3d
Line
95
Picquets
120
167
200
Capt. Gibb
No. 1 Redoubt.—Building magazine, thickening parapet, and draining interior.
Lunette Battery. — Draining and strengthening parapet.
Eirst Parallel.—Forming traverse of superfluous stones.
The enemy were in possession of this trench when our picquets entered it two mornings ago. No sentries are kept in it at night, as it is considered too far in advance.
Mortar Battery.—Ground excavated and levelled, and earth collected in baskets for forming parapet.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Laying platforms and draining.
Second Parallel, continued and improved.
F F

226
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1854.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date,
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 27
Day
150
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham - Lieut. Philips.
Worked at battery No. 9, on left of second parallel. The Sappers levelled ground for the mortar battery at Picquet House, assisted by twenty-five men. Made banquette on right of No. 1 battery. Improved cover of small magazine to left of No. 5 battery.
Night
194
20
6 C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th ftegt.
100 men employed bringing up earth, to form parapet of No. 9 battery. Fifty men deepened advanced trench on Woronzoff road. Forty-four men assisted sappers in repairing embrasures, and raising parapet of No. 1 battery.
Casualties :—Line, one wounded.
Dec. 28
Day
150
8
4 C. .
Lieut. Neville - Lieut. Donnelly.
Built banquettes, and improved cover to left of No. 2 battery. Built banquettes at, and to the right of, new mortar battery, No. 2. Relaid one platform in No. 3. battery, and repaired two embrasures in No. 2.
Casualties : — Line, °° e man wounded.
Night
150
24
8 C.
Lieut. Lennox -
Increased parapet of new battery (No. 9) from the trench in front Obtained more cover on left of third parallel. Repaired embrasures at Picquet House battery.
A cold dry night. {
An alarm about 9 r.M* 1 ^ the Russians were £ vancingup theW oroD ^g ravine; the work stopped, in consequ e0 f for some time.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 27
Day
-
Line 200 ; Ficquets
-
■
Capt. Gibb
Redoubt No. 1.—Magazines continued, parapets strengthened, and roads macadamized.
Casualties :—Royal neers, one man won 11
1st
2d
3d
200
192
192
j
Lunette Battery. —Macadamizing roads and strengthening parapets.
Turks
100
First Parallel.—Traverse continued and covered with earth.
Mortar Battery.—One row of gabions placed to form traverse. Rock excavated to obtain soil.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Platforms relaid to suit the altered line of fire. Drainage continued-
j
1
The second parallel is extended, and the old portion improved.
_ „

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 227
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
; Work performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 27
Day
Line
177
Turks
124
12
:
Lieut. Murray - Lieut. Graves.
Repaired and renewed batteries at Frenchman’s Hill.
Night
-
56
Turks.
■
16
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Strengthened parapet and repaired revetments of batteries.
The men worked satisfactorily.
Dec. 2 8
Day
1st
2d
80
110
12
12 C-
Capt. Craigie - Capt. King.
Repaired and renewed batteries.
Night
-
40
Turks.
16
Lieut, de Yere - Lieut. Pratt.
Built traverses and “ quarried ” rock in advanced trench. Improved left boyau leading to advanced parallel,
Casualties : — Line, one man wounded.
Seventy-four Turks left the R.E. park, of which forty only reached the battery.
There has been no English party for five nights. The advanced trenches cannot be made without them.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
Line
Lieut. Baynes -
Redoubt No. 1.—Constructed a tra-
The work done by the
1st
180
Picquets
243
Turks
100
•
verse, and covered the magazine more completely.
Lunette Battery.—Traverses completed, parapets heightened, and drainage of interior continued.
First Parallel.—Traverse continued.
Second Parallel. — Strengthened parapet, and commenced an approach.
Mortar Battery .-Epaulement lengthened, and to obtain sufficient soil the excavation of rock in front and rear is continued.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Draining and laying platforms, as altered.
Turks is most unsatisfactory.
Night
Line
100
Working party employed in bringing up timber from some houses in the Inkerman Valley.
F F 2

228
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Dec. 29
Day
130
24
Capt. Montagu - Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Formed banquette, improved trench and cover of first parallel to right of No. 1 battery. Improved parapets to the left of Nos. 2 and 4 batteries. Improved cover in second parallel. Sappers levelled rock for mortar platform at Picquet House battery.
Night
200
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips -
100 men employed to bring up earth for forming parapet of No. 9 battery, second parallel. Fifty men deepened advanced trench. Fifty men improved trench on right of No. 1 battery.
Dec. 30
Day
-
Line
200
Sailors
16
8
4 C.
Lieut. Graham - Capt. Chapman, 20th Iiegt.
Thickened parapet of No. 9 battery. Improved first parallel on the right of No. 1 battery. Strengthened parapet of 13-inch mortar battery No. 2. Repaired parapet of No. 2 battery, and rebuilt one traverse.
Night
170
20
6 C,
Lieut. Neville -
Prepared terreplein of No. 9 battery. Improved cover in advanced trench.
1854.
Remarks.
Subsequent to this date ^ working parties taken solely from guard of the trenches.
Several fascines and £ bions have been stroyed.
Serviceable at dawn • Twenty-five guns, * mortars, in Greenbill D teries. Two guns, ® mortar, in Picquet R° battery.
Casualties : — Line, 0 officer and one 03 wounded.
Enemy fired a good dca ,, party in advanced tre one man wounded.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Dec. 29
Day
Night
Line
282
Picquets
1st
120
2d
100
Turks
100
100
-
Lieut. Baynes
Redoubt No. 1.—Heightening traverse, and strengthening magazine.
Lunette Battery.—Improving traverse and macadamizing terre- plein.
Mortar Battery.—Continuing excavation in front and rear.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Draining and laying platforms.
First Parallel.—Traverse continued and completed.
Second Parallel.—Excavated the trench to obtain sufficient cover, and continued the approach.
Turks employed cutting brushwood for fascines.
Working party employed to bring up timber from the houses in Inkennan Valley.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
229
1854. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
AVorking Party.
K.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
AVork performed.
Remarks.
Dec. 29
Pay
Line
100
Turks
40
18
18 C.
Lieut. Murray - Lieut. Crofton.
Repairs. Quarried rock in advanced parallel. Drained and cleared trenches. Rebuilt one traverse, and made a trench behind No. G mortar battery to the quarry in rear. Revetted embrasures, &c. towards left (No. 4 and 5 battery).
Casualties : —Line, one man wounded.
Night
1st
2d
Line
212
212
Turks
100
8
Lieut. Graves - Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Thickened parapet of battery; continued right approach ; commenced 100 yards of new work (o p ) and obtained four feet cover; improved part (n o); drained the whole of the trenches.
The Turks carried gabions, fascines, and sandbags from the park.
^e. 30
Day
1st
2d
Line
119
120 Turks
46
16
12 C.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Grain.
Relaid two platforms ; renewed revetment of three embrasures, and of twelve yards of merlon. Improved parapet and right communication (op). A traverse built in rear of No. 6 battery, and a large latrine beyond.
Casualties : — Line, four men wounded.
Night
1st
2d
Line
98
83
Turks
65
16
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Yacher, 33d Regt.
Improved advanced works. A traverse made in left approach (i e). Continued right approach.
Turks not entitled to any pay.
INKERMAN ATTACK
V 30
Day
1st
2d
Line
277
Picquets
240
j
i
Lieut. Baynes -
Redoubt.—Draining and constructing magazine.
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Draining and laying platforms.
Mortar Battery_Excavating for
earth, and clearing ground for magazine.
Second Parallel.—Improving cover. Eascines constructed in rear of redoubt.
•
Night
-
i
Line
130
-
i
1
Unroofing and taking up flooring of two other houses.
Second Parallel.—Cover improved.

230
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
Working Tarty.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of , Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Dec. 31
Day
200
8
4 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Lieut. Donnelly.
Thickened parapet of No. 9 battery. Improved right of first parallel. Rebuilt merlon in No. 1 battery.
Night
-
Line
186
Sailors
33
20
6 C.
Lieut. Lennox -
Worked at No. 9 battery. Improved advanced trench, the cutting across Woronzoff road (K), and drainage to the right of No. 1 battery. Carried down gabions and sandbags from the park.
1855. Jan. 1
Day
290
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Capt. Biddulph, R.A.
Improved right of No. 1 parallel and trench to left of No. 5 battery. Improved parapet of No. 9 battery. Revetted one embrasure. Lowered one platform in No. 2. Seven Sappers excavated the rock at Picquet House battery for a magazine.
Night
1st
2d
169
150
20
G C.
Lieut. Philips -
Continued the parapet of No. 9 battery. Improved parapet of No. 2 battery. Extended cutting (K) across Woronzoff road, thirty yards to the westward.
1854-55.
Remarks.
Casualties:—Line, one killed.
of
Gabions are pulled out the parapets and sures.
Cold and boisterous we®' ther; slight hail stor® s in the afternoon.
Casualties : — Line, three men killed, two ■wounded, one man in g.
Rain commenced to 4 A.it.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
1st
2d
Line
228
Picquets
117
"
Lieut. Haynes -
Redoubt.—Constructing and laying splinter proofs on magazine.
Mortar Battery.—-Forming epaule- ment, and revetting interior slope with fascines.
The battery on left ° . jirC sian position opeo e on these works.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Draining, laying platforms, and filling sandbags.
Second Parallel.—Parapets drained and strengthened for building the magazine.
Night
-
124
-
-
Unroofing and taking up flooring of the houses in the Valley.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
231
1854—55. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. BIGHT ATTACK.
1 1 j
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
■Dec. 31
Day
1st -[
l
2d |
Line
150
Line
150
Turks
37
16
12 C.
Lieut, de Vere - Lieut. Lowrie.
Improved the communication with caves, and the third parallel. Built two new latrines.
Improved Coehorn battery. Length- thened banquette of third parallel, and the Sappers “ quarried ” the rock. Belaid three platforms.
Casualties:—Line, two mea wounded.
Night
1st | 2d |
Line
158
Turks
43
Line
157
16
Capt. King - - Lieut. Pratt.
Opened 150 yards of new work in the right approach (p q). Fair cover obtained. Bepaired Gordon’s battery.
*855.
Jau i
Day
Line
293
Turks
56
16
12 0.
Lieut. Graves - Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
General repairs. Converted another cave (at h) into a magazine. Continued right boyau. Repaired platforms in Gordon’s battery.
Casualties:—Line, one man killed, one man wounded.
Night
1st
2d
145
100
26
Lieut. Crofton - Lieut. Murray.
Repairs. Improved 160 yards of cover in right approach.
100 men, only, could he spared from the guard of trenches, for the second relief of workmen.
Day
.
Line
- -
130
Picquets
1st
134
2d
Night
-
325
-
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Lieut. Baynes
Bedoubt.—Magazine completed.
Mortar Battery.—Bepaired damage caused by two of the enemy’s shells; added one row of sandbags to revetment; cleared interior space.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Laying platforms ; making passages to magazines ; filling and carrying sandbags.
Second Parallel. — Strengthening parapets and draining.
Porty-eight fascines were made this day.
Carrying down stores from the engineer park, for magazines, and bringing up timber from the In- kerman Valley.
The magazine timbers were carried into the battery, but want of carpenters prevented their being placed.
The rocky soil causes great labour in laying the platforms.
The enemy continue to fire upon these works, from the batteries on the opposite side of the valley.

232
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1853'
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 2
Day
no
8
4 C.
Lieut. Neville - Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Improved right of first parallel, and quarried and removed the rock in the trench. Relaid one Madras platform in No. 1 battery; repaired and lowered another in No. 2 battery. Remade one embrasure in No. 3 battery, with fascines.
One man killed by & ket ball, while traverse® the open ground, bet'^ the second and fi rS * ^ rallel. ^
Casualties:—Line, one tj. killed; six men woun
Night
300
20
6 C-
Lieut. Graham -
100 men thickened, from the outside, the parapet on right of No. 1 battery. Improved cover on left of second parallel, and on right of third parallel. Extended cutting (IC) across Woronzoff Road, to meet the right of second parallel.
Heavy rain throughout*^ night; the men tror badly. A great nU ®L r e of picks and shovels taken away by the tro°r
Jan. 3
Day
225
8 R.A. Sailors 20
8
4 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Stokes.
100 men improved parallel to the right of No. 1 battery. No. 3 battery cleared up and improved. Two embrasures revetted, one traverse rebuilt. Twenty-five men excavated the ground for the magazine of No. 2 mortar battery, and commenced communication to it. The sailors and artillery, cleared away the mud from their respective batteries.
Snowy day, with high
Night
-
130
24
8 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
Improved cover in second parallel, and in the boyaux between it and the third parallel.
Snow fell thickly uh
Wind high.
Jan. 2
INKERMAN ATTACK.
1st
2d
Line
227
Picquets
139
Lieut. Baynes -
Mortar Battery.—Clearing berme, sloping parapets, and continuing traverse. Frames placed for the magazine.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Five platforms are now completed, and three others in progress. Drained and constructed passages to magazines.
Second Parallel.—Drained and increased cover.
Fascines continued.

1855.
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 233
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
Date.
E.E. Officers
(
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Kemarks.
Eelief.
Men.
Sappers.
r
j
Jan. 2
Day
r
1
Line
28
Capt. Stanton -
Improved Coehorn battery, com-
-.
Fourteen platforms have
1 st J
112
Lieut. Grain.
munications to advanced parallel,
lately been repaired, and
Turks
and the caves. Improved drain-
are efficient. Nine others
l
50
age. Completed two platforms ;
must be replaced.
2 d |
Line
commenced three others. Ee-
112
made the banquettes in the advance. Cleared the rock on the
right of third parallel.
Night
Line
16
Capt. Craigie -
Improved right boyaux. Built
Casualties : — Line, three
195
Lieut. Lowry.
another latrine.
men wounded. i
Turks
The line did not work sa-
26
tisfactorily. Only three
Turks entitled to pay; the remainder left at 11 , without doing any work.
The weather is very bad.
Jan. 3
Day
r
Line
-
Capt. King - -
Cleared out drains. Made latrines,
Heavy snow storms impede 1
1 st -I
131
Lieut. Vacher,
and a traverse in left boyaux, and
the work.
Turks
33d Eegt.
cut steps leading to cave maga-
1
80
zines. Cleared the 21-Gun bat-
2 d |
Line
107
tery.
Night
Line
16
Lieut, de Vere -
Cleared out drains. Improved
Casualties:—Line, two men
161
Lieut. Green,
upper portion of right boyaux.
wounded.
Turks
H.E.I.C.
Sappers quarried the rock round
26
traverses (m r).
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Ja &. 3
Line
. .
155
Picquets
1 st
150
2 d
197
Mortar Battery.—Cleared interior, strengthened parapets, and prepared splinter proofs and sheeting for a second magazine.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Two platforms laid, interior drained, a passage excavated round magazine, and revetted with sandbag walls.
Second Parallel.—Drained and improved parapets.
A number of stores are carried down from the park.
The Eussians are again at work on the Mamelon ; it is surmised that they are constructing a battery.
G G

234
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trencli Journal.— continued.
1855.
Pate.
Time.
Working Party.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
R.E. Officers on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 4
Day
120
8
4 C.
Lieut. Philips - Capt. Biddulph,
R.A.
Night
20 6 C.
Prepared terreplein in No. 3 battery to receive new platforms. Completed excavation for mortar magazine in rear, and the communication to it. Completed three embrasures (No. 1 battery). Rebuilt revetment between Nos. 3 and 4 batteries. 100 men employed clearing rock out of first parallel.
Casualties:—Line, one wounded.
Capt. Montagu -
of
Owing to the severity the weather, and falls of snow, no was done.
Jan. 1 '.')
Day
150
8
4 C.
Lieut. Neville Lieut. Graham.
Laid one platform (No. 3 battery). Repaired and heightened parapet, and prepared terreplein in No. 2 battery. Completed banquette between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries. Fifty men employed to remove rock from right of first parallel.
Casualties:—Line, two o'® killed; three men woub
Night
110
20
6 C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20 Regt. 1
Widened advanced trench (third parallel).
f tb&
Owing to the severity ® fl . aS weather, little yf j r :fiei done. The snow d ^ s t into the Trenches a almost as it con cleared away.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Jan. 4
- -
1st
Picquet
104
-
-
*
Mortar Battery.—Repaired damage done by enemy’s shells ; excavated earth for traverses ; completed framework and splinter proofs of magazines.
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Cleared away the snow; sandbag revetment walls of long magazine completed ; platforms finished.
by **
Three men wounded shell. . partf
No regular workio& ,.y, ■was furnished thi

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
235
1855.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
EIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Jan. .
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Day
31
28
Lieut. Pratt
Lieut. Wolseley, 90th Regt.
Gordon’s Battery.—Finished laying two platforms, and relaid sleepers of a third. Cleared out drains in third parallel.
Night
-
100
Turks.
\
16
Lieut. Grain Lieut. Graves.
-
The inclement weather prevented any work being done, and the Turks were sent back to camp.
Day
1st
92
28
Lieut. Crofton -
Cleared out drains. Laid one gun
Private Jarrett, 2d com-
2d
60
Lieut. Murray.
platform, and part of a mortar platform, in Gordon’s battery. Materials carried down from the park.
pany, R.E., was particularly mentioned for his energy and zeal.
Night
-
-
-
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Lowry.
-
The thick drifts of snow, and the cold, prevented any work being done; the Turks were sent home accordingly.
Jan.
INKERMAN ATTACK
154
I’icquets
60
60
Capt. Gibb
Redoubt.—Revetted traverse and magazine with stones (part having fallen down), and covered magazine with earth.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Re-laid platform and built magazines.
Mortar Battery.—Laid platforms; built magazines ; thickened epaulement over latter.
Fascines continued.
A quantity of timber was removed last night from St. Laurent’s battery.
One man killed, and one wounded by a shell.
G G 2

236
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal.— continued. 1855.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Kelief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 6
Day
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Lennox - Lieut. Stokes.
Cleared snow out of batteries. The sappers laid one platform, and prepared terreplein for another in No. 3 battery. They also excavated the rock to enlarge magazine at Picquet House.
Three gabions "were taken away from the sixth p a ' rallel, and portions of fascines.
Night
-
48
20
6 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
Improved cover in advanced trench
No larger working party could be obtained.
Jan. 7
Day
1st
2d
120
120
Lieut. Philips - Capt. Biddulpli,
B.A.
Cleared away the snow and prepared terreplein in No. 2 battery. Sixty men carried platforms and gabions to No. 3 battery. Porty men made roadway from cave magazine to left of first parallel. The planks for a new platform were laid in No. 3, and the parapets of four gun portions revetted. Continued to excavate the rock at the Picquet House for the new magazine. Seventy-two gabions and 150 sandbags were used.
Clear frosty day.
Casualties:—Line, one m® wounded.
Night
1st
2d
120
70
20
6 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Improved cover in Nos. 5 and 6 boyaux and in third parallel, and made steps to the rear.
Rained about 6 r.^i. ^ t0%e severely at night.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
1
1st
2d
Line 47 Picquets 102
Capt. Gibb
Redoubt.—Magazine revetment completed ; traverse polled down and rebuilt.
Lunette Battery.—Sod revetment rebuilt; it is felling down.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Excavated rock round magazine, and drained magazines.
Mortar Battery.—Cleared interior; thickened and heightened parapets at epaulement.
Fascines continued.
Night
“
50
-
Carried wood from the valley of Inkerman.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 237
l855 - Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
( f 1
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. G
Day
* “
Turks 26
28
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Relaid one mortar platform. Cleared drains. Carried stores and materials from the camp.
Casualties;—Line, one man killed.
•
Night
-
Line 21 Turks 74
16
Capt. King
Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Improved advanced trench. Cleared away snow from 21 -Gun battery. Carried gabions from the park.
Jan. 7
Day
Line 7 Turks 51
28
Lieut, de Vere - Lieut. Pratt.
Drained boyau to advanced parallel. Cleared the advanced parallel. Quarried stone on the right of third parallel. Laid one platform in Gordon’s battery.
The gabions in the battery are being pulled to pieces. Casualties : — Line, one wounded.
Night
-
-
16
Lieut. Graves - Lieut. Wolseley, 90th Regt.
Cleared drains. Improved cover at well (/)> third parallel.
All the work was done by the Sappers, the bad weather preventing the employment of working parties of the Line.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Jan. 7
Day
1 st
Line
125
Picquet
100
-
Capt. Gibb
Redoubt.—Built stone revetment of traverse.
Lunette Battery.—Sod revetment continued.
Two men killed, and one wounded, in St. Laurent’s battery.
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Covered magazine with splinter proofs; excavated rock round magazine.
Mortar Battery.—Levelled interior;
laid magazine and platforms. Eascine-making continued.

238
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEOE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal_ continued. 1855.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
•Jan. 8
Day
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Neville - Lieut. Graham
Laid three platforms. Pormed banquettes, near No. 1 battery, and likewise between the mortar and No. 3 battery.
Casualties :—Line, one killed, three men wound
Night
-
60
20
6 C.
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Deepened third parallel, and built two traverses to defilade the interior from the enemy’s riflemen in front of the Redan.
*
Jan. 9
Day
-
100
8
4 C.
Lieut. Stokes - Lieut. Donnelly.
Improved right of first parallel. Cleared out trench to left of No. 2 battery, and thickened the indented merlon. Platforms repaired.
Thaw; no wind.
Night
1st
2d
35
35
20
6 C.
Lieut. Philips -
Deepened the third parallel -
. rt jjjCU
Casualties :—Line, two .
killed, two men wouB After some difficulty)^ men were obtain® ’ they were too few much.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
1
75
Capt. Gibb
Lunette Battery.—Rebuilt revetment,
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Revetted embrasures, covered magazines with sandbags, excavated rock in interior, and levelled terreplein.
Mortar Battery.—Heightened and thickened parapet; laid platform.
.

55.
1855.
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 239
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACH.
man
ided-
Late.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
J aa. 8
Day
1st
2d
Pine
90
92
Turks
45
38
Lieut. Grain Lieut. Murray.
Cleared trenches. Commenced a mortar battery on the right of the third parallel. Improved magazines in caves (£) in the Woron- roff ravine.
Night
90
Turks.
16
Capt. Stanton - Lieut Crofton.
Cleared away the snow. Continued to widen the trench on right of third parallel, fora mortar battery. Constructed several new drains.
Casualties :—Line, two men wounded.
Work performed, unsatisfactory. No working party could he obtained from the guard of the trenches.
Jan. 9
Day
1st
2d
69
69
20
Lieut, de Vere - Lieut. Lowry.
Cleared batteries of snow and ice. Improved short boyau to the Coe- horn battery (No. 7). Worked at new mortar battery (No. 8); steps cut for the platforms.
Two more gabions and several fascines have been destroyed in third parallel.
Night
1st
2d
Line
105
105
Turks
70
16
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Improved drains. Worked at new mortar battery and advanced trenches. Several drains in the latter, cut through the parapet, to clear the water from the trenches.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Jan.
Day
Line
76
1st
Picquets
2d
100
Lunette Battery.—Revetments continued with stones.
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Revetted cheeks of embrasures; placed sandbags on magazine.
Mortar -Battery.—Heightened and thickened parapets; magazines nearly completed.
Construction of fascines continued.
One man of the working party killed, and one wounded.

240
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1855.
Working Party.
B.E. Oflicers
Date.
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Bemarks.
Jan. 10
Day
160
8
4 C.
Capt. Montagu - Capt. Biddulph, B.A.
Finished laying three platforms in Nos. 2 and 3. Took up the two Arethusa gun platforms, and prepaired ground for relaying one of them. Sixty men heightened parapet of No. 3 battery.
It is thawing; occasio 0 ^ showers.
Casualties :—Line, ° ne killed, one manwouude
Night
'
60
20
6 C.
Lieut. Neville -
New loopholes formed in third parallel, and the parapet thickened.
It rained heavily the ea ^ part of the night, a froze subsequently.
Jan. 11
Day
1st
2d
180
65
8
4 C.
Lieut. Stokes
Capt. Chapman, 20th Kegt.
One platform laid and completed, in No. 2 battery. Parapet between Nos. 3 and 4 heightened, and banquette completed. The other platform of “ Arethusa ” laid and fixed. One embrasure of No. 1 battery is remade ; two merlons are revetted, and two others prepared; a drain cut through parapet, and lined with planks. The one on left of No. 1, is arched over with thick planks.
The men worked badl!" - Casualties:—Line, one 111 wounded.
Night
-
no
24
8C.
Lieut. Graham -
Improved cover on the right of second parallel. Improved Nos. 2, 3, and 4 boyaux, and third parallel.
Night dry, but cold, ^ and windy.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Jan. 10
Line
Day
1st
80
Capt. Gibb
2d
47
Picquets
1st
100
2d
Night
Picquets
50
Lunette Battery.—Ilevctrnent completed with fascines.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Covered magazine with earth, and filled sand- hags for revetting another.
Mortar Battery. — Two platforms completed ; the other two continued. Thickened parapet over magazines; both are now completed.
Mortar Battery—Thickened and heightened parapet over magazines ; timber carried down from the park.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
241
1855- Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 10
Day
1st
2d
74
74
54 Turks.
20
Capt. King
Lieut. Green,
H.E.I.C.
Cleared drains. Repaired parts of the battery and first parallel, continued the new mortar battery, No. 8.
I
One fascine pulled out of parapet of No. 5 battery.
Casualties :—Line, two men killed, and one man wounded. :
Night
-
-
-
Lieut. Pratt
Lieut. Wolseley, 90th Regt.
-
The journal of this night’s vrork is missing.
Jan. n
Day
284
54 Turks.
20
Lieut. Murray - Lieut. Graves.
Cleared away the rock in third parallel, and continued No. 8 battery. Drained and cleared the snow from trench leading to caves, from the approach to third parallel, and fVom the trench leading to Right Lancaster gun. Heightened parapet of No. 6 battery.
j
Night
1st
2d
31
31
79 Turks.
16
Lieut. Crofton - Lieut. Grain.
Worked at No. 8 mortar battery. Improved cover, and cut through the rock in third parallel and and approaches.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Ja n. u
Day
Line
80
Picquets
150
Lunette Battery.—Completed and cleared.
St. Laurent’s Battery_Revetted
embrasures; continued magazines, and repaired the parapets, which had been injured by the enemy’s fire. Filled and carried sandbags for the magazines.
Mortar Battery —Sleepers laid for the two remaining platforms.
Second Parallel. — Formed banquettes and loopholes..
The construction of fascines is continued.
Night
-
Picquets
86
-
-
Parapets of St. Laurent’s and the Mortar Battery are thickened and heightened.
The enemy fired very heavily upon these batteries and greatly retarded the ■work.
Casualties: -One man killed and one wounded.
1 .
H H

242
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1855.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 12
Day
150
8
4 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
Levelled rock for the new battery in second parallel. Renewed two platforms, and repaired the parapet and embrasures of No. 1 battery. One 13-inch mortar, and one -32-pounder placed in battery. Twenty-five men carried planks from the Picquet House, for the new battery in second parallel. Sappers excavated the rock at the Picquet House battery for the additional mortar platform.
A heavy fall of snow don D S the early part of the <©/' Ordnance serviceable Twenty-seven g° nS _’ three mortars, on Green hill ; two guns, ° n mortar, at Picquet Ho“ s ^ Two pickaxes and >° u . shovels have disapp eare since yesterday.
Night
Jan. 13
Day
100
20
Lieut. Philips
Improved cover in third parallel and sixth hoyau. In the latter, moderate cover is obtained. A great quantity of snow had to be cleared away before the earth could be excavated. The sortie prevented any work being done after 1 a.m.
The Russians opened heavy fire at 1 A.M., :1 attacked the third P rallel ; but they speedily repulsed.
Casualties : — Line, 0 officer and eight 10 wounded, thirteen 111 missing.
100
8
10 C.
Capt. Montagu Lieut. Neville.
Laid two platforms. Completed to revet the parapet, and the banquette between Nos. 3 and 4 batteries; completed the drains of No. 1 battery. Cleared out portion of second parallel.
Casualties;—Line,five wounded, one man © ing.
Night
98
16
Lieut. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Improved third parallel
Little progress made> ^ account of the heavy of snow.
Day
80
Picquets
1st
139
2d
81
INKERMAN ATTACK.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Covered the roof of magazine with additional earth; built a passage to the magazine, with sandbags ; revetted embrasures.
Mortar Battery.—Laid platforms, heightened parapets, &c.
Second Parallel. — Formed banquettes.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
243
5.
ring
dap
unSi
eet>'
one
iuse.
four
areu
and
pa -
rere
one
sen
»en
oen
iisr
on
fall
1855. Appendix No. 48. Trench Jonrnal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Bate.
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Eelief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 12
Day
1st
2d
Dine 93 110
Turks 55.
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Lowry.
Worked in mortar battery No. 8, and in approach (p q ); made banquettes in the latter. Revetted traverse (r) in third parallel; built two latrines and commenced a third.
-
Night
1st
2d
Line 30 32
Turks 40.
16
Capt. Craigie - Lieut, de Vere.
Cleared the rocky ground on the right of Gordon’s battery to form an engineer depot. Worked at mortar battery No. 8.
About 2 o’clock an attack was made on the French lines. Our men “ stood to their arms.”
Jan. 13
Day
1st
2d
73
54
28
Capt. King
Lieut. Vacher, 33d Eegt.
Improved cover round the traverse in third parallel. Continued mortar battery No. 8, and latrine on the left of the third parallel.
Night
-
67 Turks.
16
Lieut. Graves - Lieut. Green.
Cleared out the drains of battery. Cleared the rock in third parallel (at r).
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Ja «. 13
Line
Day
-
80
-
-
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Revetted em-
Picquets
brasures ; took down the stone
1st
140
walls of the magazines.
2d
. —
Mortar Battery.—One platform laid; parapet heightened, &c. Ban-
quettes continued.
H H 2

244
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1855,
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 14
Day
Night
-
50
50
8
10 C.
20
Lieut. Graham -
Capt, Biddulph,
R.A.
Cleared batteries of snow. Regulated terrepleins.
Worked in third parallel. ••
The snow was so deep that little could be done beyon® clearing the trenches.
Heavy fall of snow; working party was with' drawn, as the labour wa s almost thrown away, th snow drifting in as as it could be removed.
Jan. 15
Day
100
8
10 C.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Donnelly.
Cleared out snow from second parallel, improved the cover, and formed banquettes on left of second parallel. Completed one platform. Seven sappers employed blasting the rock in third parallel, and four others continued the excavation at the Picquet House battery.
The men employed only ** intervals between tn^ snow storms. It is fre®*' ing hard; the snow l>e_ s * inches in depth; no v 1J ' Casualties:—Line one tan killed, one man wound®
Night
55
20
Lieut. Neville -
Cleared out the snow from third parallel and improved the cover.
Jan. 16
Night
50
8
10 C.
20
Lieut. Graham -
Lieut. Green, H.E.1.C
Thirty men were set J a work at 8 a.m., hut t > strong N.E. wind and t ^ heavy snow-drifts P r vented them from wor ing, and they were <» missed at 9 a.m- 1 - Sappers returned to c» * at mid-day. 0
Casualties:—Line, five 10 wounded. ~ ar .
No working party was j nished, owing to the clement weather.
Jan. 14
- Picquets 1st 100
2d 60
INKERMAN ATTACK.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Cleared snow from the interior, and rebuilt wall of magazine.
No working party w>' lS „jc' nished, besides the r quets on duty.
Cleared the snow from all the trenches and batteries.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OP THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
245
18 55. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. BIGHT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks. .
^an. 14
Hay
Night
1 st
2 d
Line 69 Line 29 Turks 53 Turks 55
20
16
Lieut Pratt
Lieut Wolseley, 90th Regt. Lieut. Murray - Lieut. Lowry.
Cleared away the snow.
Cleared away the snow.
J an. 15
Day
-
Line 108 Turks 42
20
Lieut. Crofton - Lieut. Grain.
Cleared the snow from the battery, third parallel, and part of approach.
Night
-
Turks 50
16
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Cleared away the snow from the loopholes of third parallel, and from the trenches in advance.
The Turks worked very satisfactorily, notwithstanding the heavy snow drifts and wretched weather.
'V 16
Day
32
20
Capt. Craigie - Lieut, de Yere.
Cleared away snow
Little work was done on account of the bad weather.
Night
-
-
16
Capt. King
Lieut. Wolseley, 90th Begt.
The sappers cleared away the snow from the left approach.
As the weather was very bad, neither Turks nor Line’s men were employed.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
15
Day
.
Picquets
Capt. Gibb
113
16
Day
Picquets
Capt. Gibb
104
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Cleared snow from interior; revetted embrasures ; took down the walls of magazine built by the French, and filled sandbags for rebuilding it.
Mortar Battery.—Cleared away the snow ; heightened parapets.
Second Parallel. — Snow cleared from the trench ; banquettes formed.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Revetted embrasures, and pulled down wall of magazine ; sandbags are filled for rebuilding it.
Second Parallel.—Cleared away the snow, and formed banquettes.
Eedoubt No. 1 and St. Laurent’s Battery are now occupied by the French, as well as the whole of the ground to the rear.
The snow drifted into the trenches so heavily that no work could be done.
The heavy snow-drifts hindered our work.

246
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1855-
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
i
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan, 17
Day
130
8
10 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Cleared the snow from the second parallel and gun platforms; made banquette in second parallel. Pour cuts excavated in terreplein of Picquet House battery for laying mortar platform.
Fine clear sunny Jay! n ° wind.
Night
1st
2d
200
30
20
Lieut. Donnelly
Cleared away snow from the batteries and trenches.
Hard frost; snow, and 6 ^ e *
Jan. 18
Day
180
8
10C.
Lieut. Neville -
Cleared away snow, but much still remains. Took up platform in No. 5 battery. Covered a splinter proof shell room, and excavated ground for same. One shed put up in trenches, and another commenced.
The 20th Regt., under Carf Ratcliffe, worked * f energy, but the rema 10 very badly, and tweOT^, three men had 1° checked pay in c0 ° quence.
Night
1st
2d
201
100
20
Lieut, Graham -
Cleared away snow from the batteries and advanced trenches ; the former were tolerably clear by the end of second relief.
Night fine, with a wind ; slight thaw.
Jan. 19
Day
-
182
8
io C.
Lieut. Stokes -
Cleared away snow from batteries Nos. 1, 2, and 3. Continued excavation for shell room.
--.qp
Casualties:—Line, o ne , ^
killed ; onemanwoun
Night
20
Capt. Montagu -
No working party.
Jan. 17
Jan. 18
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
Picquets
201
Capt. Gibb
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Repaired damage to magazine ; collected and carried earth in baskets.
Mortar Battery.—Repaired damage done by a shell; parapets heightened.
Second Parallel_Banquettes formed,
and snow cleared.
Night
-
Picquets
100
-
-
Mortar Battery. — The earth collected during the daytime, is thrown forward on the parapet.
Day
i
Picquets
100
Lieut. Anderson
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Partly rebuilt the walls of magazine, and filled sandbags to continue it.
Mortar Battery.—Raised parapets from the interior, and excavated in the ditch.
Second Parallel.—Re-formed banquettes where required, and excavated the rock.
• . F
Large quantities oi
sions arrived into topol; boatloads 0 ^jed bions are being c n0 ftl> across from the side. . oS i s
Our stock of gnn 1 , ;t i* exceedingly scanty,’ t j,e not sufficient even r eS. repair of the efflh r

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 247
1855, Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK,
Date.
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Eemarks.
Time.
No. of Eelief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
^an. 17
Day
-
Line 160 Turks 53
8
Lieut. Graves - Lieut. Lowry.
Cleared away the snow from drains. The carpenters repair platforms.
Night
-
Turks 28
8
Lieut, Murray -
Cleared away the snow, especially from the loopholes in advance.
J an. 18
Day
Line 57 Turks 36
12
Lieut. Crofton -
Cleared away the snow from the 21 -Gun and advanced trenches.
The weather is improving. Private Mole mentioned for his zeal and energy.
Night
-
Turks 43
4
Lieut. Grain
Cleared out drains in left approach.
J an. i9
Day
-
56
8
Lieut. Vacher, 33d Eegt.
Cleared away the snow from the whole of the trenches.
Night
-
Turks 36
4
Lieut. Lowry -
Cleared away the snow. Eepaired with sandbags the right of third parallel.
V 18
Night
_ B
Picquets
•
81
V 19
Day
Picquets
121
Night
Picquets
80
INKERMAN ATTACK.
- - -St. Laurent’s Battery.—Made two
cuts through parapet to drain off the water.
Mortar Battery.—The men are employed on the parapet to shovel the earth forwards.
Lieut. Anderson St. Laurent’s Battery. — The cuts through parapet continued; collected earth for covering entrance to left magazine; right magazine continued.
Mortar Battery.—The rock in rear is loosened by blasts, the interior is levelled throughout.
The working party ordered to bring up the bridge rails, which had ' been previously cut by the Sappers, was stopped by the French picquet, and had to return home.
A shell fell at the entrance of left magazine and exploded, shaking the walls considerably; they had to be taken down.

248
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1855.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 20
Day
Line 200 R.Art/ 36
8
io C.
Lieut. Green,
H.E.I.C.
Cleared away the snow out of first and second parallels ; drains cleared throughout. Rebuilt thirty feet of gabion revetment between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries. Prepared terreplein of No. 5 battery. One hut was completed, and another commenced.
Casualties:—Line, one i° a0 killed.
Night
128
20
Capt. Chapman, 20 th Regt.
Cleared away the snow from right of second parallel, as well as from Nos. 1, 3, and 4 boyaux. Cut drains through left centre of second parallel.
Jan. 21
Day
150
8
10 C.
Lieut. Donnelly
Cleared away the snow from batteries, and communications to magazines. Laid two platforms (one at Picquet House). Rebuilt revetment on the right of No. 1 battery. Sappers blasted rock in advanced trench.
The enemy kept up ^ morning (for a c°up* e . e hours) a heavy fire on Picquet House battery*
Night
188
20
Lieut. Neville -
Improved parapet on the right of Picquet House Battery, and likewise that of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 batteries. Rebuilt several embrasures, and masked them.
Two pickaxes lost. . s
Night very dark j trenc wet and muddy.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Jan. 20
Day
Picquets
|
- - i Lieut. Anderson
100
i
!
!
Night
Picquets
!
126
i
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Made two covered drains through parapet ; the rock had to be removed by blasts. Laid splinter proofs, fas cines, and sandbags, on right magazine.
Mortar Battery.—The miners continued to blast the rock for forming the drains. Repaired damage to traverse caused by a round shot.
Second Parallel.—Made cuts through parapet to form drains ; rock removed by blasts.
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Unroofed the injured magazine, and commenced rebuilding it. The working party bring up the timber from the Inkerman bridge. Twenty armed men accompany the party.
The walls of left mag^ f . have bulged COI i. sl «[C.i ably, and the roof> ^ e has to be rebuilt; y heavy fire of the eB , g0 e prevented its being in the day.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 249
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 20
Day
1st
2d
Line 32 Line 44 Turks 93
8
Oapt. Stanton -
Opened drains and cleared away the snow from the batteries; everything was clear when the men ceased work.
Casualties:—Line, one man wounded.
Night
-
Turks
20
4
Capt. Wolseley, 90th Regt.
Opened and repaired drains. Completed part of the revetment of the 21-Gun battery, which had fallen in.
There are too few Sappers to superintend the Turks.
Jan. 21
Day
1st
2d
Line 43 Line43 Turks 44
16
Capt. Craigie - Lieut, de Vere.
Cleared and drained right of third parallel and communication to it
The covering party for the battery consisted only of 110 men, that of the third parallel of 180. Total 290 for this attack.
Night
-
Line 21 Turks
16
20
Capt. King
Cleared drains and terreplein of No. 1 battery.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
Picquets
167
■
Lieut. Anderson
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Filled and carried sandbags to right magazine ; took down walls of left magazine.
Mortar Battery.—Rock blasted to form drains. Timber collected previous night is carried to Royal Engineer park.
The men worked for two hours only, as the pie- quet was then relieved by the French, who now furnish all the guards.
Night
The sappers level parapet of Mortar Battery, and complete everything but the drainage.
No working party.

250
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LETT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1855-
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Belief.
• No. of ; Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 22
Day
176
8
.10 C.
Major Bent
Lieut. Graham.
Heightened parapets ; improved the upper portions of revetments. Regulated terrepleins; repaired traverses, and filled sandbags.
Casualties:—Line, four && wounded.
Night
; las
20
Lieut. Stokes -
Improved second parallel and parapet at Picquet House battery.
Jan. 23
Day
..
200
8
10 c.
Capt. Montagu - Lieut. Penn, R. A.
Repaired four embrasures in No. 1 and 2 batteries, destroyed by the constant changes from frost to thaw. Cleared out drains to magazines. Prepared ground for a shed between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries. Completed banquettes be- tweenNos.3 and4 batteries. Completed laying the sleepers for platform at Picquet House battery; 29 sandbags and 18 gabions used.
• (f tb e
The men composing , g0 working party work® ^ badly, that all p* were checked their W ing pay. , tbre e
Casualties : — Line, men wounded.
Night
-
90
20
Capt. Chapman, 20tli Eegt.
Improved parapets and traverses. Completed merlons of Nos. 2 and 3 batteries.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Jan. 22
Day
.
-
-
Lieut. Anderson
The Sappers fill and carry sandbags for the magazine in St. Laurent’s battery.
No working party-
Mortar Battery.—The blasting for the drainage is continued.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
251
Appendix No. 4S. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Date
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 22
Day
Line241 Turks 41
16
Lieut. Murray - Lieut. Graves.
Cleared drains. Levelled a place for tools in the 21-Gun battery. Rebuilt front of magazine in Coehorn battery, No. 7. Replaced gabions in third parallel. Widened trench at No. 8 mortar battery, and broke up the rocky parts. The steeper part of the communication (A) is cut into steps.
Casualties:—Line, two men -wounded.
\
Night
Turks 58
7
Lieut. Crofton -
Completed magazine in Coehorn battery. Improved drainage of advance.
Great cheering in the Russian -works, at 1-30 a.m. Shortly afterwards, a heavy cannonade -was opened on the French lines, which was succeeded by a rapid musketry fire. The latter was kept up on both sides for some time.
J a n. 23
Day
Line 310 Turks 42
8
Lieut. Grain Lieut. Lowry.
The parapet in third parallel, -which had sunk considerably, is heightened. Filled eighty-three sandbags, and partially rebuilt banquettes -which had been destroyed by the troops.
Casualties:—Line, one man ■wounded.
'-
Night
81
4
Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Cleared drains. Fixed sandbags in advanced parallel, to form loopholes. |
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Ja Q. 23
Day
'
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Wall of ma-
No working party.
gazine partially rebuilt; drainage attended to at this, and the mortar
battery.
i
■
i i 2

252
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1855.
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Bemarks.
Jan. 24
Day
106
8
10 C.
Lieut. Neville -
*
Fifty men repaired merlons of No. 1 battery, as well as three embrasures. Fifty men completed laying mortar platforms at Picquet House, and repaired one traverse at Greenhill.
Night
100
20
Major Bent
Improved parapet of Picquet House Battery. Cleared out part of second parallel.
Casualties:—Line, one w® 0 wounded.
But little work was <Jon ' The men stated they been at work in . trenches the previ° night, and on fat*6 duties all day.
Jan. 25
Day
1st
2d
100
135
8
10 C.
Lieut. Graham -
One gun portion in No. 1 battery is revetted. The parapet of Nos. 2 and 3 batteries are raised and indented, and their embrasures repaired.
No. 5 Battery.—Laid sleepers of pivot gun, andrelaid platform of another gun.
Picquet House Battery.—The gun platforms taken up, and ground lowered six inches.
Casualties:—Dine, two & en wounded.
Night
1st
2d
105
80
20
Dieut* Penn, B. A.
Improved parapets of Nos. 1, 2 and batteries.
Serviceable at daW ■ Thirty guns, three tars, on Greenhill- guns, one mortar, Picquet House.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Built walls of left magazine, and strengthened the right ditto. The drainage of mortar hattery continued.
Jan. 24
Day
Capt. Gibb
No working party.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
253
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continual. KIGIIT ATTACK.
Date.
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 24
Day
1 st
2 d
Line 92 Line 92 Turks 44
8
Capt. Stanton - Capt. Wolseley, 90th Regt.
Repaired the parapets in advance. Excavated the rocky ground at new mortar battery, and in the third parallel. Cleared the snow from the drains.
Night
Line 40 Turks 62
4
Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Improved cover at the well ( l ) in third parallel. Cleared drains. Replaced gabions. Repaired batteries. Renewed loopholes in advance.
J an, 25
Day
1 st
2 d
Line 130 Line 134 Turks 42
20
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Pratt.
The battery is put in order. Replaced the gabions that had been destroyed. Made banquettes.
Widened trench, and improved drainage in third parallel. Continued levelling the ground for the mortars in No. 8 battery.
Night
1 st
2 d
Line 40 Line 30 Turks 48
4
Lieut, de Vere -
Deepened that part of third parallel which extends from the well (?) to the point (/); cleared out surface drains.
Casualties:—Line, one man wounded.
Towards midnight it froze so hard, that the men could scarcely make any impression on the ground with the pickaxe.
INKERMAN ATTACK
/ s
/ .
j
L _ “
Day
Lieut. Anderson
St. Laurent’s Battery.—The frames and sheeting of magazine are placed; the walls are built with sandbags. The drainage through the rock in mortar battery is continued.

254
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LEFT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1855.
Working Party.
B.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of Belief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 26
Day
50
8
10 C.
Capt. Montagu -
Revetted two embrasures in No. 1, and one in No. 3 battery. Cleared away the snow from the parallel to the right of No. 1. Deep, ened the excavation for mortar magazine, in No. 2 battery. Placed the frames and splinter proofs, and nailed the sheeting. Made a drain seventy-six feet long, to carry off water from the magazines in rear of No. 1. Completed both platforms of battery No. 5. The embrasures are blinded. 630 sandbags are filled.
>
Night
1st
2d
: 90
90
20
Capt. Chapman, 20th Regt.
Improved trench in Woronzoff road, and repaired it.
A larger working could not be furnish 6 Serviceable at ^^nj’ree Twenty-seven guns, mortars, on Green ^ Two guns, one morta > Picquet House.
Jan. 27
Day
190
8
io C.
Lieut Neville -
The parapet of one gun in No. 1 is indented and heightened with sandbags and earth. One embrasure repaired, and another altered.
No. 2 Battery.—Parapet and traverse heightened. Two drains commenced near mortar battery No. 2. The magazine in rear of mortar battery No. 2 continued and covered with five feet of earth.
The men worked ve ^ badly.
Night
60
!
1
20
Lieut. Graham -
Improved the right of second parallel.
Rain during part 1 3" Nothing done in tbi - ce r rallel, as the field a
; was unable to ^ urD aI ty- ' stronger working P Eight shovels and ten v ^ axes were lost X p men during the nifc^^
INKEEMAN ATTACK.
Jan. 25
Day
-
~ -
m n
Lieut. Anderson
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Magazine continued. The Sappers remove the rock in mortar battery by blasting, and repair damage done by a round shot to traverse.
Night
All the Sappers employed carrying up sufficient timber from the ravine, to complete left magazine of St. Laurent’s battery.
No -working party-
hv the * <i 0 <>

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
255
l85 5- Appendix No. 48.' Trench Journal— continued. EIGHT ATTACK.
Bate.
Working Party.
E.E. Officers
Time.
No. of Eelief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed,
Eemarks.
J an. 26.
Day
1st
2d
Line 62 Line 64 Turks 39
20
Capt. King
Lieut. Murray.
Improved cover in advanced work. Cleared the drains throughout the trenches.
Night
Turks 40
4
Lieut. Crofton -
Continued the drainage (ground hard and rocky.)
1
Casualties :—Line, one man wounded.
The severe frost rendered it impossible to do any other work than clearing the trenches.
"W 27
Day
1st
2d
Line 170 Line 130 Turks 37
28
Lieut. Lowry - Capt. Vacher, 33d Eegt.
Sappers blasted and quarried the rock in the third parallel. Cleared the snow and mud out of the battery. Three platforms renewed.
Casualties:—Line, one man ■wounded.
Night
Line 20 Turks 40
20
Capt. Wolseley, 90th Eegt.
Cleared the drains in the battery. Eeplaced some sandbags in third parallel, to form new loopholes. Continued to level ground in No. 8 battery.
The Turks did but little.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
27
Day
-
_ m
_
Lieut. Crofton -
The drainage of mortar battery com-
pleted. Magazines in St. Lau-
rent’s battery continued.
The sappers did not < mence work until n having been on dutj whole of the pret night.

256 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
LETT ATTACK. Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued. 1S5 J ’
Date.
Time.
Working Party.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
Jan. 28
Night Jan. 29 Day
Day
Jan. 30
Night
Day
Night
1st
2d
1st
2d
1st
2d
70
50
130
109
100
100
147
188
122
24* 10 C.
20
24* 10 C.
20
24*
10C.
20
R.E. Officers on Duty.
Work performed.
Major Bent
Lieut. Penn, R.A.
Capt. Montagu ■
Lieut. Neville
Lieut. Graham -
Capt. Chapman, 20th llegt.
Revetted seven embrasures. Earthed up mortar magazine. Drained battery. Collected earth in baskets for the new battery, and filled sandbags.
Improved left and centre of second parallel.
Heightened parapet on right of first parallel, especially near No. 1 battery. Commenced magazine between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries. Repaired and rebuilt several embrasures. The Sappers blast the rock in the third parallel, and change the direction of several platforms in Nos. 2 and 3 batteries.
Worked in third parallel boyaux leading to it.
and
One embrasure rebuilt in No. 1. This battery is now ready to open. fire. A platform laid in No. 2, and the revetment raised in parts. In No. 3, two embrasures are revetted, and the parapet raised. The embrasures of the “ Are- thusa” battery are repaired.
Improved parapets of Nos. 2 and 3 batteries, from the exterior.
Remarks.
helve 8 '
Seven picks were l° st ’
One pick, and two have been lost.
A second relief of w° r K t \ could not be obtaine ■ ... Polish deserter c ??L s eIf early, and gave hi up.
Serviceable at .Thirty guns, five uI) s, on Greenhill. h one mortar, at House.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Lieut. Crofton -
Jan. 28
Mortar Battery.—A ramp for guns is made in rear.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—The injured platforms are replaced. The splinter proofs of magazine are set up, and covered with fascines and sandbags, and partially with earth. Sandbags are filled for continuing the same.
No working part} •
Sixteen of these Sappers were furnished from the right attack.

1855.
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 257
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
RIGHT ATTACK.
Hate.
Time.
Working Party.
No. of No. of Relief. Men.
No. of Sappers.
R.E. Officers on Duty.
Jan. 23
Day
Night
1st
2d
Line 80 Line 80 Turks 50
15
28
20
Capt. Stanton - Lieut. Green, ILE.I.C.
Lieut. Pratt
Jan. 29
Day
1st Line 129
2d Line 130
Turks 70
24
Capt. Craigie - Lieut. Murray.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Cleared and drained third parallel, the battery, and communication. Laid down new hurters for the platforms in the 21-Gun battery. Sappers continued to quarry the rock in third parallel.
Raised wall of latrine in third parallel. Parapets thickened in parts.
Cleared battery. Rebuilt one traverse on left of No. 2 mortar battery. Cleared a place for tools, and built a porch to the magazine of No. 6 mortar battery. Laid three hurters for 32-pounder platforms. Improved third parallel, and prepared site for mortars in No. 8.
One Turkish soldier was shot in the communication to third parallel.
A gabion has been pulled out of the third parallel, and broken up for firewood.
Casualties:—Line, one men wounded.
Night
1st
2d
50
50
4
J an. 30
Day
1st
2d
Line 100 Line 100 Turks 65
32
Night
144 4
Lieut, de Vere -
Capt. King Lieut. Lowry.
Lieut. Vacher, 33d Regt.
Cleared mortar battery iu advanced Two 32-pounders are work, and improved and drained brought into battery, the left boyau.
Improved advanced work, levelled sites for the mortars in No. 8 battery, and commenced its magazines. Cleared drains in the 21 -G un battery, and laid hurters, for platforms. Sappers continued to mine and blast the rock to the left of No. 8 battery, near the traverse
M-
A Russian spy, dressed in plain clothes, walked through the batteries and trenches. He then suddenly made for the middle ravine, escaped unhurt, and was received with loud cheers by his comrades.
Deepened boyaux on right of third Casualties:—Line, parallel. Continued the traverse wounded, in third parallel (at m). Deepened one of the drains in left boyaux.
Widened the pathway around traverse between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries.
one man
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
"
-
-
Lieut. Crofton -
Morlar Battery.—The sappers con • struct new drains, and continue the ramp for guns.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—The right magazine completed.
No working party.
Day
Lieut. Crofton -
Mortar Battery.—Drainage continued, likewise ramp in rear.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Left magazine continued ; one foot of earth is now on the roof, above the sandbags.
*
The ground is so rocky that all the earth for this magazine has to be carried on barrows from long distances.
No working party.
l.
K Iv

258
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1855.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
Date.
Time.
No. of
No. of
No. of
on Duty.
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
Jan. 31
Day
1st
156
24*
Lieut. Penn, R. A.
2d
130
IOC.
Night
1st
192
20
Major Bent
-
2d
166
Feb. 1
Day
180
24*
Lieut. Neville -
10 C.
Night
1st.
140
. 20
Capt. Montagu *
2d.
140
Work performed.
Raised the banquettes and the parapet, on the right of first parallel Two reliefs, of sixty men each, repaired banquettes and embrasures in Nos. 2, 3, and 4 batteries. The Sappers heightened parapet of third, parallel. The large magazine, in the eaves to the left of the battery, is completed.
Improved parapets of Nos. 1 and 2 boyaux.
In No. 1 battery, one magazine is repaired, the other taken down, and the frames strengthened and splinter proofs relaid. Revetment of battery No. 4 taken down and partially rebuilt; its embrasures are revetted. Cleared out the right part of first parallel. Two blasts were made in the third parallel, and at Picquet House battery.
Improved Nos. 4, 5, and 6 boyaux, and cleared away the mud in the third parallel. Improved cover.
Remarks.
Serviceable at Tiijrty-one guns, mortars, on Gree Two guns, one at Picquet House,
d ^ D ive
inbiU - mortari
Private Trevennan is rec 0 ® 1 mended to be raised fro 1 ® second class working P a ^’ for good conduct a®
diligence.
Casualties:—Line, one
in a ®
killed.
e workmen are ionally fired up 0 ® a n hot and shell; °P e s jn rilled. Two gab 1 ®®, of ine of the traver ^ hird parallel ba v0 „j> lestroyed, and bro or fire-wood.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Jan. 31
Day
-
-
Lieut. Crofton -
Mortar Battery.—Drains continued; battery cleared.
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Continued
No ■working party
left magazine; soil very rocky.
* Sixteen of these Sappers were furnished from the right attack.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 259
1855.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
EIGHT ATTACK.
Time.
Working Party.
R.E. Officers
No. of No. of Relief. Men.
1
No. of Sappers.
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Jan. 3i
Day
1st
2d
Line 100 Line 150 Turks 60
32
Capt. Wolseley - 90th Eegt. Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
Improved right of advanced parallel ; laid hurters for new platforms; blasted rock in the advance, made banquette, and excavated for a magazine in rear of No. 8 mortar battery.
All the Turks were checked their pay for not working.
Night
1st
2d
120
55
4
Capt. Stanton
Continued right boyaux about 100 yards more to the rear (to s.)
One gun was brought into the battery.
Lib. 1
Day
1st Line 150
2d Line 150
Turks 62
24
Capt. Craigie Lieut. Pratt.
Cleared trench of Lancaster battery No. 1. Improved the right of third parallel, and the new part (q s) of right boyau. Continued mortar battery No. 8, and its magazine. Drained the third parallel adjoining the well.
Night
1st
2d
88
99
4
Lient. de Yere
Continued right boyau sixty-six yards to the rear, to meet the first parallel.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Lb y
Day
Lieut. Crofton -
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Eamps
formed for guns; several addi-
tional drains cut through parapet.
Roof of magazine continued.

260
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
LEFT ATTACK.
Appendix No. 48. Trench Journal— continued.
1855.
Working Party.
Date.
Time.
No. of Relief.
No. of Men.
No. of Sappers.
Feb. 2
Day
i
170
20
10 C.
Night
-
j
:
20
Feb. 3
Day
-
209
8
10 C.
Night
-
-
20
Feb. 4
Day
-
212
8
10 C.
i
Night
-
-
20
R.E. Officers on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
Lieut. Graham - j Repaired the parapet revetments of all the batteries, and several of the traverses. Rebuilt No. 2 magazine in No. 2 battery. Prepared terreplein in Picquet House battery. Four miners employed to blast the rock in advanced trench, and forty men to improve the cover on the right of first parallel.
Lieut. Penn, R.A.
The tempestuous state weather prevented work being done.
Serviceable at dawn : Thirty-three guns, mortars, on Greenbn* - Two guns, one morta r ' in Picquet House.
Capt. Hassard
Cleared out the rock from the right of first parallel. -Masked all the embrasures. Repaired magazines in No. 2 battery. Repaired banquettes between No. 3 and 4 batteries.
No working party was fin*' nished this night, owing to the state of the wither, and as an attack 111 force was expected.
Major Bent.
Capt. Montagu
Lieut. Neville.
Twenty men cleared the snow between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries. Forty men improved trench between Nos. 4 and 5, and built banquettes (160 feet). Revetted the embrasures of No. 4 battery. Pulled down a shell room m rear of No. 3. and increased the earthern covering of magazine in rear of No. 2. Two platforms were repaired at Picquet House battery. Sappers blasted the rock in third parallel.
At night no working part/ was furnished, in const' quence of an expects attack by the Russians' who were reported to be proceeding, in great nu®. hers, down the Worom ott road.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
Day
-
-
-
Lieut. Crofton -
St. Laurent’s Battery.—Ramps formed for guns; several additional drains cut through parapet. Roof of magazine continued.
Day
Lieut. Crofton -
Mortar Battery.—Left epaulement thickened, especially near magazine.
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Cutting drains through parapet.

r
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 261
*855. Appendix No. 4S. Trench Journal— continued. RIGHT ATTACK.
Working Party.
Date.
K.K. Officers
Time.
No. of
No. of
No, of
on Duty.
Work performed.
Remarks.
-—
Relief.
Men.
Sappers.
l ^
-§
&
Day
_
Line
32
Lieut. Murray -
Improved third parallel, and quarried
345
Lieut. Lowry.
and blasted the rock. Laid one
Turks 60
10 -inch mortar platform in No 8 .
Improved rightapproach. Cleared the drains, and strengthened the
magazines in Gordon’s battery.
Night
116
4
Capt.
Made a new drain at No. 1 Lan-
caster battery.—Improved cover in right approach.
*'eb, 3
Day
1 st
Line 95
28
Capt. Vacher,
Improved third parallel, and cleared
The Turks worked well.
2 d
Line 80
33d Regt.
out all the drains.
Five men of the line were
Turks 60
Lieut. Green,
A supply of gabions is carried down
checked pay, as they
H.E.I.C.
from the park.
quitted their work without orders.
Night
.
50
4
Capt Wolseley,
Cleared out the drains, and removed
Casualties :—Line, one man
90th Regt.
the snow.
killed.
The men were very idle;
none recommended for
*eb. 4
Day
1 st
149
28
Capt. Stanton -
Improved left of third parallel and
pay. _
Casualties:—Line, two men
2 d
116
Lieut. Pratt.
right communication. Laid mortar platforms in No. 8 , and continued its magazine.
wounded.
Night
120
4
Capt. Craigie.
Continued right boyau in front of
Lieut.-Col. Dixon, R.A.,
mortar battery No. 2 .
wounded.
INKERMAN ATTACK.
% ,
Day
Lieut. Crofton -
Mortar Battery.—Left epaulement thickened, especially near magazine.
St. Laurent’s Battery. — Cutting drains through parapet. Drains in first parallel improved.
About 300 waggons entered Sebastopol from the north.

262 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 49.
Projected works to cover Constantinople.
The Dardanelles.
Proposed lines across the Cher- sonesus in front of Gallipoli.
The lines ordered to be constructed. Arrival of a British force at Gallipoli.
Encampment at Boulair.
French and English portion of the lines.
Alteration in the position of the lines.
Execution of the lines.
Appendix No. 40.
Memoranda on tlie Lines of Boulair, Gallipoli, by Major C. J. Gibb, Royal Engineers.
Tiie great success of tlie Russians at the time tlie Allied Armies of France and England landed at Gallipoli, made the capture of Silistria an event in daily expectation. This fortress in th c hands of the Russians, tlie Turks would have had to retire on the line of the Balkan ; that lb® might have been turned by way of Varna and Pravadi, which were at first only very slightly garrisoned by the Turks.
The Russians were receiving enormous reinforcements ; and had they obtained even a footing on the Balkan, there was nothing to check their advance to the capital, for there is no formidable position south of that range of hills until you come to Buyuk Tcheckmedje.
It was to meet a decided movement of this kind on the part of Russia, that France and England determined to secure Gallipoli and Constantinople by intrenchments.
To protect Constantinople, a series of detached forts extending from tlie Black Sea to the Se a of Marmora at Buyuk Tcheckmedje, were projected. British officers of Engineers were employ^ in preparatory surveys of the ground, but the events of the war happily rendered the construction of these works unnecessaiy.
The first object to France and England was to insure the free and unmolested passage of tl |C Dardanelles.
Sir John Burgoyne, accompanied by Colonel Ardant, of the French Corps du Genie, '"' aS ordered to report upon the steps requisite to be taken to effect this. They proceeded to Turk®} in January 1854, and recommended that continued lines should be thrown across the ChersonesuS> in rear of the village of Boulair.
The lines proposed by these officers is shown in dotted lines on the accompanying plan, No* ^
These lines, connecting the Sea of Marmora and the Gulf of Saros, were ordered to be co®' menced by an united Freneh and English force. p
The first portion of the British contingent of the army for the defence of Turkey, consisting 0 the Rifle Brigade and 7th and 11th Companies of Royal Engineers, under Lieutenant-General
This force arrived at Gallipoli on
the
George Brown, were ordered from Malta to Gallipoli.
5th April 1854.
A French force had previously occupied the Isthmus.
On disembarkation the English were marched to the heights about seven miles in front Gallipoli, and encamped on the ground in rear of the projected lines, one mile from the vill. a = e of Boulair.
It had been previously determined upon that the Frencli should occupy the right of ^ position ; the British, the left. The execution of the left of the lines, debouching on thc C* u of Saros, being apportioned to the British ; that of the right, on the Sea of Marmora, French.
of
to the
At the instigation of the French engineers, in whom, apparently, was vested the whole resp° a sibility for the trace of these lines, the site originally proposed was altered, by the centre and 6 being thrown back, so that the works formed nearly a straight line (A, B, C, D, E, F, on P ia ^ from the Sea of Marmora to the Gulf of Saros. A large bastioned fort was placed on principal eminence in the centre, and two smaller forts on the flanks ; vide Fort Napoleon, r Sultan, and Fort Victoria, on plan. g
Successive divisions of the French army were marched up, and were encamped near tlie , in the neighbourhood of the French engineer park. Each division executed the portion ali° to it, and was then moved to a more distant camp ; some to march by land to Adrianople, 0

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 263
to proceed by sea to Constantinople or Varna. The French working parties were from 4,000 to 5,000 strong each day.
The Rifle Brigade broke ground on the British portion of the lines at Fort Napoleon, on the 2lst April 1854. Very soon after this the force was strengthened by Brigadier-Generals Eyre’s and Campbell’s Brigades being encamped on the Boula'ir heights for the execution of the lines. The working parties averaged 1,000 per diem. On the 24th May two-thirds of the tools were sent to Varna ; the working parties were then reduced to 400. The tools were of indifferent quality; the spades and shovels were constantly breaking. The whole was executed by taskwork ; the task being about three cubic yards of excavation for each man.
The profile of the lines and the three forts are shown on the plan.
The forts were never quite completed ; the lines were finished, according to the profile shown, about the 20th June 1854. They were not revetted in any way, or armed.
Wattle-and-daub huts were constructed for 1,000 men. Great difficulty was experienced in obtaining the material. All the timber had to be procured from the other side of the Gulf of Saros, from which place the communication was troublesome, and tedious, and where many obstructions were purposely placed in the way by the local Greek authorities.
The well-sinking was very unsuccessful. Water was generally found within a few feet of the surface, when wells were dug at spots indicated by the greenness of the grass, or by rushes Showing there ; but the supply wholly failed when any quantity was taken from these wells.
The boring was continued to about 56 feet in several places. The first 8 or 10 feet consisted °f yellow clay ; the remainder of stiff blue clay, which could not be pierced through on account of the weakness of the boring apparatus.
In the winter months about 30,000 men might be supplied with water, but in the summer, hOOO men on the British side, and 2,000 on the French, were with great difficulty kept supplied. All water for drinking purposes had to be brought into the British camp from a distance of a ’title and a half, the little that remained in the wells barely sufficing for culinary and washing Purposes.
The advantages of the site first selected (shown in dotted lines on the plan) are, that an uiiemy’s approach would be seen along the central ridge for some 1,800 yards to the heights ^f the village of Boula'ir, and the whole plain on the Gulf of Saros side is distinctly visible from ’Te position. The left would be unattackable, as it is on very strong ground, and commands thoroughly the flat in front of it, which would have been in a re-entering £i cul-de-sac,” hemmed in V the sea; the right being also very much retired, and on ground each part of which might be ■Tven a great power of self-defence, would be nearly unattackable. Consequently the centre Aftmjns the only real point open to an enemy’s attack, and upon this point on the central ridge " L h<J whole power of defence would have been bestowed. An enemy’s columns could approach at ta; Uiy points under cover until quite close to the lines executed; and the whole line, centre, right, ;ill <l left, might be attacked simultaneously.
To remedy these defects, advanced works, such as h on plan, were proposed, and a few were ^aced on the ground; These advanced works would have added so much to the intrenchments ^at their actual length would have equalled those originally proposed.
It was thought that the lines executed were broken into much detail, the flanks were too small, and that the line adopted on the left centre should have been at the summit of the ridge instead
°n the slope.
Appendix JTo. 49.
Huts.
Water supply.
Advantages of the site first selected.
The lines executed.

264 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 50.
Appendix No. 50.
A short Description of the Part taken by the Navy in the Expedition to the Crimea i® 1854; drawn up by Captain Mends, Royal Navy, late Captain of II.M.S. “Agamemnon, the Officer who Designed and had the Charge of the necessary Arrangements.
I should not have ventured to put myself forward as the narrator of so great an undertaking as the landing of the British Army in the Crimea, feeling my utter inability to do it justice, ha
I not been referred to by Captain II. C. Elphinstone, of the Royal Engineers, for a few of *h e details in connexion therewith.
In a strategical sense, the landing in the Crimea was the pivot on which all operations turned > but as it could not be treated of at sufficient length in the body of the work on which he is CI11 ployed, he has been pleased to assume that, inasmuch as it fell to my lot to draw up the arrang 6 ' ments for the transport and disembarkation of the Expeditionary Army, I am a fit person f° supply such information on the subject as may serve as a record of the event. My best thank® are due to Admiral Lord Lyons for affording me every facility ; to General Sir George BroW®, to the memory of that amiable and distinguished officer, General Bucknell Estcourt, to Lie®*’ Colonel Adye, of the Royal Artillery, and to all my brother officers in the Black Sea fleet, their hearty and valuable co-operation and assistance in drawing up the arrangements, a task 0 no slight labour at that moment, when there were so many irons in the fire, requiring my consta®^ attention as Flag Captain to Sir Edmund Lyons, to whom had been intrusted the arduous task 0 preparing for and conducting that celebrated expedition.
On the 28th July 1854, Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons arrived at Varna in the “ -AS® memnon,” charged with the duty of making the necessary arrangements for conveying the Bn* 1 . Expeditionary Army to the Crimea. These words are easily written, but a little reflection satisfy the least practical reader that it was not so easy of accomplishment. No, the task invoN e almost Herculean labour; but it was to be, and hearts and hands were set to the work with a® earnestness and zeal that has never been surpassed. .
The work to be performed was considerable, the time shorty the difficulties great, the ship s ' 0 ^ war set apart for this service too few in number. Troops arriving daily had to be landed a® supplied with provisions, the country not affording a sufficiency ; cavalry, and batteries of artill eI '^j with all the material of war, had to be disembarked; all to be reshipped and arranged for reft work ; the distance the large ships were compelled to lay from the shore was great; cholera, t® frightful scourge, was rampant afloat and on shore; and all the materials had to be brought fr ^ Constantinople ; so that it is not surprising that some should have looked upon the obstacles beyond man’s power to overcome. I confess I had confidence in the resources of the fleet, * felt in my heart that the end would be successfully attained.
An impromptu dockyard was established on the south shore of the bay of Varna; the artm c ^ of the ships-of-war and transports were set to work under able warrant officers to construct c flats, brows or broadways, for guns and horses to pass over rapidly to a beach ; long Turkish s*° ^ boats, peculiar to the Bosphorus, of strong build, were secured together in couples by beams ^ decked over, after a plan of the late Mr. Roberts, Master in command of the “ Cyclops,” '"^ 1 ° t j ie y prepared several at Constantinople under the direction of Admiral Boxer. When prepared, _
were disconnected and supplied to the line-of-battle ships and steamers, to be carried as most venient for instant use, either on board, or outside in lashings, the latter being adopted by >- ^ of the line. As soon as sufficient progress had been made, Lord Raglan and Sir Edmund

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
265
decided on having rehearsals of the embarkation and disembarkation of portions of each arm, at which officers of all ranks, of both services, were commanded to attend. Misgivings and doubts existed, nevertheless, as to the possibility of ship room being available for such an army, and means for securing a successful landing. As I have said before, I never participated in those feelings ; I was sure the Force could he conveyed in the large fleet of magnificent transports at our disposal, assisted, if necessary, by the ships-of-war; and I was confident that a boat flotilla could be organized for landing a very considerable force at one moment, such as had never been seen ; but it was evidently of importance to keep the ships-of-war disencumbered if possible. As soon as the arrangements to be completed had been approved and promulgated by Lord Raglan (whose kindness on the occasion I shall never forget), and the means afloat became known, confidence in the success of the operation increased day by day.
On the 5th September 1854, 6.15 a.h., the French and Turkish fleets, with their convoy, quitted Baltchick en route to the Crimea. On the same day, the 5th, the “ Agamemnon ” weighed from Varna with the last of the transports, and proceeded to join the Commander-in-Chief at Baltchick.
On theVtli the British fleet and convoy weighed at 4.45 a.m. en route to the Crimea; 120 sail.
They overtook, and passed to the westward of the allies ; the Commanders-in-Chief conferring at that time on board the despatch steamer “ Caradoc,” which was appropriated to the service of Lord Raglan and staff.
On the 9th the allied fleets anchored between the Isle of Serpents and Cape Tarkan. The “Agamemnon,” accompanied by the “ Sampson,” “ Caradoc,” and “Primauguet ” taking on board general officers and staffs, quitted the fleet, to make a final reconnoissance of the coast north of Sebastopol.
These ships rejoined the fleet 40' west of Cape Tarkan on the morning of the 11th, when the whole force weighed.
On the 12th we anchored about Eupatoria.
On the 13th the whole fleet were concentrated before Eupatoria, which was quietly taken possession of.
All had crossed the Black Sea in perfect order, withput a casualty.
On the morning of the 14th the “Agamemnon,” “ Sanspareil,” and “ Spitfire,” steam tug boats, and transports, weighed at 1 a.m., and proceeded to an anchorage abreast of the strip of beach which separates Lake Kamishly from the sea, known on the charts as “ Old Fort.”
Here the “Agamemnon” and the ships I have named anchored at 6.50 a.m., as did the French and Turkish fleets about the same time a little farther south.
Owing to .the circumstance of no enemy appearing to oppose the landing of the troops, the original arrangements were to a considerable extent departed from.
The French on discovering the absence of an enemy commenced disembarking their troops at 7 a.m. ; and this occurring before the British ships-of-war, except those named above and some few of the transports, had taken up their appointed stations, Lord Raglan (who by this time had come on board the “ Agamemnon ” from the “ Caradoc ”), Sir Edmund Lyons, and Sir George -Brown, after a short deliberation, decided that the signal should be made “ to land,” without the preliminary signals previously decided on for the boats “to assemble,” “to form,” “to advance;” a ml therefore, though each officer acted in compliance with these instructions, with a copy of which he had been furnished as well as with written instructions for his special guidance, they Were not called upon to wait for a simultaneous movement.
The table marked A. will show the force to be conveyed and landed ; also the boats to be employed in the operation of landing.
1*. Instructions drawn up for assembling the Fleet at Baltchick ; sailing across the Black Sea, a nd disembarking the army and material; issued by Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyous, under the a Pproval of the Commander-in-Chief.
1 . Z z
Appendix No. 50.

266 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 50.
C. Table showing the order of sailing and anchoring of the fleet.
D. Diagrams of the landing of each division of the army, with the number of boats employed in the operation.
E. Examples of the instructions issued to each ship, and to each boat of each ship.
Though the pre-arranged intention to land large bodies of men simultaneously was departed from, the officers carried out their instructions as far as circumstances permitted. 25,000 men, and 24 guns, with the proportion of horses, were landed by the evening of the 14tli.
Each man carried in his haversack provisions for three days.
On the night of the 14tli a strong westerly wind, with heavy rain, brought in a considerable sea, which rendered communication with the shore difficult. This sea lasted throughout the 15th and 16th, the seamen on the beach being obliged to work up to their necks in the surf.
Had the fleet anchored off Old Fort in the order arranged, and but one day sooner, the landing of the army would certainly have been completed in sixteen hours. It was not completed before the 18th, thus occupying four days. Our allies, the French, having commenced landing before we did, having a smaller number of men and no cavalry, completed the operation before us. On the evening of the 16th a French steamer towed alongside the “ Agamemnon ” six chalandes, placing them at our disposal in case we needed them ; an act of courtesy that was duly acknowledged. Two only were used.
Every hour’s detention of the army at this place was attended with increased difficulty, as little fresh water could be obtained on shore ; this, therefore, had to be landed from the ships, as well as an increased supply of provisions, entailing increased work upon the fleet, which I need not say was cheerfully and heartily given ; for what was mere work, with all nature’s wants satisfied, compared with the hardships those gallant men on shore had to contend with. Tents were landed on the 16th, and re-embarked on the 18th. On the 19th the armies advanced in high spirits, thus terminating the operation of landing. The thrilling scenes which followed have been described by other hands.
There was but one feeling among the bluejackets—regret that they could not participate in the glorious deeds of the red coats.
(Signed) W. R. Mends,
Late Captain of H.M.S. “Agamemnon.”

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
267
A.
Table showing the Amount of Force to bo put on Shore on the first Landing.
Steamer.
Staff Horses.
Infantry.
Transports.
Infantry.
Staff
Horses.
Guns.
Horses.
Waggons.
Horses.
Light Division. “Emperor”
13 Divisional
500 of the 7th -
/No. 60 (.No. 39
-
120 Rl. Bde. 120
5
None
2
2
30
30
2
2
14
14
War Steamer “Fury”-
5 Regimental
-
400
(•No. 98 { No. S9
*
120 „
120
None
None
2
None
30
None
2
None
14
None
“Andes”
5 „
-
900 of 33rd
/No. 42 (No. 43
-
120
120
None
None
2
2
14
14
2
2
14
14
“ Megcera ”
5 '*>
-
900 of 77tli
/ No. 44 (.No. 21.
1st Reserve,
120
120
None
None
2
None
14
None
2
None
14
None
Minie ammunition.
“Victoria”
900 of 23rd
CNo. 78
-
900 of 88th
5
None
None
None
None
(.No. 50
-
900 of 19th
-
5
None
None
None
None
Total
33
3,000
-
2,760
15
32
132
12
84
First Division.
“Tonning”
5 Regimental
-
450 Colm. Gds. -
/No. 3 - (.No. 4
•
150 of 93rd 160
5
2
2
14
14
2
2
14
14
“ Simoom ” - -'i
} 1,300 Grcnd. Gds.
fNo.7
.
160 „
_
14
14
“ Sea Nymph ” to tow [■ Transports - -)
13 Divisional Staff
< Towed by No. 10, C “SeaNymph.”
160
—
2
14
2
14 '
“Kangaroo”
5 Regimental
-
900 Scots Fuslrs.
« IN 0.14 CNo. ID
160
160 „
■
—
2
14
14
2
14
14
“ Emeu ”
5 M
900 of 42nd
/No. 23 CNo. 47.
1st Reserve.
—
—
■ —
900 ot 79th
Minie Ammunition.
Sailing Ship “ Dunbar ”
5 „
-
— -
—
—
-
—
—
—
Total
38
4,450
-
950
5
12
84
12
84
Second Division.
“ City of London ” - £
13 Divisional Staff 5 Regimental
} 500 of 41st
/No. 71 CNo. 90
.
160 of 95th 160
*
5
..2.
2
14
14
2
2
14
14
“Melbourne”
5.
-
1,300 of 47th
/No. 91 CNo. 31
*
160
150
_
2
2
14
14
2
2
14
14
“ Hydaspes ”
5
-
900 of 49th
/ No. 32 CNo. 88
.
160
ICO
—
2
2
14
14
2
2
14
14
“Vulcan”
5 „
-
900 of 30th
fNo. 51 (No. 82.
1st Reserve,
_
z
_
. ~
z
—
Sailing Ship 1
“Timandia”
5
-
900 of 55th
Minie Ammunition.
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
38
4,500
_
950
5
12
84
12
84
Third Division.
/No. 46 CNo. 53
14
14
t{ Cyclops ”
„ Tynemouth ”
5 Regimental
900 of 1st Royals -
-
160 of 4th 150
5
2
2
14
14
2
Cottincham ” to tow >
5
900 of 44th „ -
CNo. 55
4
160
—
2
14
14
Transports -
(No. 93
*
160
—
2
14
3
14
Cambria”
5 »
-
900 of 68th „ -
/No. 90 ( No. 97
*
160
160 „
-
—
2
14
14
2
2
14
14
' Medway ” - - j
13 Divisional
5 Regimental
1 -
CNo. 28 - - -7 C No. 6 Magazine - /
900 of 28tlx
5
-
-
-
-
®hip-of-War “ Apollo ”
5 „
900 of 38th „ -
/ Grand Infantry and 7 C Artillery Reserve /
-
-
—
—
-
-
Total
38
3,600
-
1,850
10
12
84'
12
84
Fourth Division.
Orinoco ” -
5 Regimental
-
1,000 1st Bn. Rifles.
fNo. 37
7 No. 58
-
150 of 50th 160
5
2
2
14 ' 14
2
'2
14
14
Colombo ”
5 „
1,000 of 20th „ -
("No. 48
-
160
-
—
2
14
2
14
(No. 56.
3rd Division
160
-
—
—
—-
—
1st Reserve, Minie Ammunition.
('No. 57.
4th Division
-)
Avon ”...
5 „
-
1,000 of 63rd „ -
3 ditto
1 No. 83.
5th Division
(160 „
C160 „
■
_
z
—
—
-
c
C ditto
)
Coldcn Fleece ” - £
5 Regimental
IS Divisional.
■
] 1,000 of 21st „ -
/No. 81 (No. 20
h - -
_
_.
—
-
-
-
^uritius ”
5 Regimental
■-
900 of 46th „ -
—
—
-
-
-
-
Total
38
4,900
— '
950
5
6
42
6
42
i. i. 2

268
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Table showing the Amount of Force to be
put on Shore on the first Landing— continued.
Steamer.
Staff Horses.
Infant.
Transports.
Infantry.
Staff
Horses.
Guns.
Horses.
Waggons.
Horses
Fifth Division.
"Simla”
** Himalaya ”
“ Trent”
“ Jason ”
Cavalry.
320
390
320
230
Cavalry.
320 4th Dragoons
390 8th Hussars
300 11th „
230 13th Dragoons
CNo.7
1 No. 34 -
fNo.40
lNo.61
CNo.85 - -7
(.No. 2 - -i
/ No. 36 7 Engineer’s (.No. 59 > Stores.
Cavalry.
54 of 7th Lan. 54 „
54 „
54 „
54
Cavalry.
54
54
54
54
54
1111 i 11
iiii i ii
. -
-
Total
1,260
1,240
—
270
270
—
—
—
Abstract of Divisions.
Cavalry.
Division.
To be landed from Steamers.
To be landed from Transports.
From
Steamers.
From
Transports.
Divisional
Horses.
Regimental
Horses.
Infantry.
Infantry.
Regimental
Horses.
Guns.
Horses.
Waggons.
Horses.
Men.
Horses.
Men.
Horses
Light
First
Second *
Third
Fourth •
Fifth - -
Total
1$
13
13
13
13
20
25
25
25
25
3,600
4,450
4,500
3,600
4,900
2,760
950
950
1,850
950
15
5
5
10
5
12
12
12
12
6
132
84
84
84
42
12
12
12
12
6
84
84
84
84
42
1,240
1,260
270
270
65
120
21,050
7,460
40
54
426
54
378
1,240
1,260
270
270
Description.
Horses.
Infantry.
Guns.
Waggons.
Divisional ....
Regimental • - -
From Steamers -
From Transports - ...
For Guns ....
For Waggons - - •
Cavalry .....
Total - - -
65
160
426
378
1,530
21,050
7,460
1,510
54
54
2,559
30,020
54
54
Boats for disembarking the Army.
Description of Boats.
Number.
Number of Men carried by
each Class.
How
Manned.
Average Number of Horses each can carry.
Average Number of
Guns.
Average Number of Horses and
Guns together.
Whether
Towed or not.
Steamers.
Paddle-box boats
17
1,190
Half crew.
—
—
—
Yes; by cutters.
Pinnaces ...
13
To tow.
Full.
—
—
—
Not.
Cutters
16
192
Full.
—
—-
—
Not.
Sailing Ships.
Launches
17
1,360
Half crew.
—
—
—
Yes; by cutters.
Pinnaces ....
23
To tow.
Full.
.—
—
—
Not.
Cutters ...
14
168
Full.
.—
—
—
Not.
“ Simoom,” “Vulcan,” and 7 “ Megsera’s ” troop boats j
3
5 pinnaces, 8 cutters for 1st reserve Minic ammunition.
-
-
Transport service boats -
114
1,900
Half crew.
—
—
—
—
Small steamers
3
90
—.
—
—
—
16 steam transports
80
1,120
—
—
—
—
—
Flats for horses and guns •
16
—
6 men.
21
4
14 hrs. 2 gns.
Towed by tugs.
Flats for horses
*
14
2
7 1
ditto
Maltese decked lighters -
7
_
—
6
21 4
ditto
Turkish pinnaces
11
330
Half crew.
—
•—
—
—
Maltese boats.
Boats for disembarking -
_
6,350
_
_
—
—
—
Regimental staff* officers.
Paddle-bo* boats
7
_
_
—
—
—
—
7
_
_
_
_
—
—
Do. divisional staff.
Small flats -
1
•—
_
.—
•—
—
Pinnace -
1
—
—
“
Remaek?-
1 j)innac e * 1 pinnae^

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
269
B.
Arrangements to be carried out for assembling at the first rendezvous, anchoring off the Enemy’s Territory, and disembarking the Army and Materiel under the Orders of Sir Edmund Lyons.
1st. The whole fleet, containing the army, to assemble at Baltcliik, anchored by divisions as they now are told off, with the steamers appointed to take ships in tow, to seaward of the ships to be towed.
2d. The squadron of ships-of-war immediately attached to and directing the Expedition, to be anchored together, on the right or left as the Admiral may decide, excepting those war steamers appointed to tow transports, which are to be in their places as above.
3d. That the main body of the fleet be apart from (to the right or left of) the divisions of transports, as the Admiral shall decide, but on the opposite side to that on which are the ships immediately conducting the Expedition.
4tli. That one steamer of war be attached to each division, for the purpose of rendering any required assistance whilst at sea, and that the “ Triton ” and “ Spitfire ” be told off to anchor as points of enclosure for the Light Division, and a general guide to the others.
5th. That the towing steamers only of each division carry at their mizens, during the night, the number of lights, vertical, corresponding to their divisions ; the Light Division carrying two lights horizontal.
6th. That all sliips-of-war carrying pairs of boats for which portable decks are fitted for guns and horses, have a party of shipwrights told off to them, well instructed as to the quickest inode of putting them together, and when ready for service, a crew of six seamen be appointed to each.
7th. That all boats of the pinnace size and upwards, including flats and paddle-box boats, be provided with grapnels or small anchors and their cablets ; that all masts, sails, awnings, and superfluous gear be taken out, and that all the oars be slung so that they may be thrown out over the side of the boat as she approaches the beach.
That every boat be provided with at least four breakers of water.
8th. The small steam tugs to be in tow of larger vessels, in twos or threes, with moderate “ steam Up ” in each to prevent collision.
9th. Launches and paddle-box boats to have half crews ; pinnaces and cutters to be full manned. The small cutters to be attached to the paddle-box boats, one to each, for towing and assisting if requisite.
Niger’s to attend Spitfire’s,
Tribune’s - Triton’s,
Highflyer’s - Cyclops’.
Two pinnaces to be told off to each large flat landing the Artillery, and one to each small flat. Each launch to be attended by a cutter from the same ship for towing and rendering any required assistance.
10th. That the boats of the fleet to land Infantry be classed in divisions.
Launches and troop boats in one.
Steamer’s paddle-box boats in another.
Boats of transport service in a third.
11th. That a lieutenant bo sent from each steamer of war in charge of her paddle-box boats and cutters ; a midshipman in each boat where possible, or an intelligent petty officer ; and a lieutenant in each launch, and a lieutenant in charge of pinnaces.
12th. All officers to have written copies of their instructions.
13th. All boats’ crews to carry their day’s provisions in their liavresacks, and their day’s spirits 111 a small breaker.
Appendix No. 50.

270
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 50.
To Form.
At the fore of the “ Agamemnon.”
For Signals, see last page.
.S3 1 Form, a J- Advance, g? J Retire.
Advance.
Divisions of boats.
14th. Each ship as she is clear, to haul clown her distinguishing flag, to prevent the possibility of boats returning to an empty vessel; and when artillery ships haul down their distinguishing flag, which intimates that they are clear, the artillery ships of the next division to be cleared, are. to haul their ensigns down from the gaff and hoist them at the mizen, in order that the steam tugs towing artillery flats may have no difficulty in finding the vessels.
15th. That all transports carrying artillery be marked with a letter A., and the number of the division to which they belong, in large characters on both sides, amidships, in white.
That all ships carrying infantry have the number of the regiment with the letter R. on both sides of the ship, amidships ; and ships with cavalry a large C., with the number of the regiment.
16th. The disembarkation of the infantry and artillery to be conducted by one captain commanding each, two commanders for boats of ships-of-war, and a commander to every 40 boats of transports, with a lieutenant to each 10 from the transport service. The boats of each commander commanding a division, as well as the senior officer, to have staffs of sufficient length to carry four of the usual boat’s signal flags.
The senior captain or commanding officer to be in the cutter.
17th. All boats to carry the ensigns of their divisions assigned, except the boats of transport service ; the infantry flag in the bows; and to be provided with answering pendants.
The ships carrying the divisional staff to hoist their pennant at the main. General Com- manding-in-Chief Lord Raglan will be on board “ Caradoc.”
The disembarkation of cavalry will be ordered by signals, and the boats of the fleet will proceed with the flats to the steamers pointed out, from which they are to be disembarked.
Memo.—No officer is to take upon himself the responsibility of acting contrary to these regulations and arrangements, or deviating in the smallest degree therefrom, nor is any boat to be diverted from the duty she is upon.
Boats.
The Order of Landing.
When the troops are in the boats they will form on the off-shore side of the ships from which they disembark, ready to form the line abreast, on the signal being made from the “ Agamemnon.”
The boats are to keep a space of 20 feet clear of the oars of each other ; care to bo taken 1° observe the signals, that the one “To Form” may not be mistaken for “Advance.” All officers of boats will distinctly understand that they are to be on the look out for orders and signals from the respective commanding officers of their divisions, following no other, and never proceeding i' 1 execution of the signal until it be hauled down by the senior officer.
The form of advance will be in line abreast, and the greatest care will be taken to preserve the line that no boat advance beyond it or fall into the rear ; but all will pull in to the shore slowl) and steadily, preserving the strictest silence. All boats towed, to land on the port side of th e boat towing them.
The divisions, as in the General Regulations, will be as follows; viz.,
First Division.—All launches and Turkish pinnaces from the sailing ships of the fleet, con 1 " mencing with “ Britannia’s ” boats on the extreme right, and ending with the “ Diamond’s ” troop boats, on the left of the division.
Second Division.—All paddle-box boats of the war steamers towed by their own cutters, coni' mencing with the “Furious” on the right of the division, and terminating with the “ Sido 11 on the left. „
Third Division.—All boats of the transport service, commencing with the boats of the “ Emp er01 on the right of the division, and ending with the “ Gertrude ” on the left, excepting the shiP‘

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
271
“ Monarchy,” No. 60 ; “ Hathaway,” 39 ; “ Talavera,” 98 ; “ Mary Ann,” 42 ; “ Calliope,” 43 ; “ Ecliunga,” 44 ; which are not to send boats until they are cleared of their artillery, that land with the Light Division, after which their boats will proceed to the ships pointed out to them.
The First Division will take the right;
The Third Division the centre ; and The Second Division the left of the line.
“ Britannia’s ” first boat on the right, “ Diamond’s ” the last boat on the left.
The “ Emperor’s ” boat next to “ Diamond’s,” the first boat on the right, and the “ Harbinger’s ” the last boat on the left.
The “ Furious’ ” the first boat on the right, next to the “ Harbinger’s,” and the “ Sidon’s” the last boat on the left.
Appendix No. 50.
Positions of Divisions of Boats.
1st Division.
3d Division.
2d Division.
Infantry.
Red Flag, 18 in. square.
Right, or 1st Division.
White Ensign. Britannia - Agamemnon
Albion
Biamond
Bodney
Queen -
Bodney
1'rafalg ar
Vengeance
Queen
kans Pareil
1’i'afalgar
Vengeance
Bellerophon London - ■^-fethusa
eauder
'*atnond
Boat.
■ 1 Launch. f 1 do.
11 do. f 1 do. i 1 Turk. pin.
1 Troop boat.
■ 1 Turk. pin.
1 Launch.
1 do.
1 do.
1 do.
1 Turk. pin.
/ 1st Launch.
J 2d do.
I 1 Turk. pin.
II do.
1 do.
1 f do.
r 1 Launch.
11 Turk. pin. r 1 Launch.
J 1 Turk. pin. ll do.
f 1 Launch.
11 Turk. pin. rl Launch.
I 1 do.
II Troop boat. 1 Troop boat.
Centre, or 3d Division.
Without Ensign. Boat. Emperor - - -3
Andes - - - 6
Tonning - 3
Kangaroo - - 6
Emeu - ... 6
City of London - - 3
Melbourne - - - 6
Ilydaspes - - - 6
Tynemouth - - - 6
Cambria - - - - 4
Medway . | j l^.-box boat.
Orinoco - - - - 4
Colombo - - 6
Avon --- - 4
Golden Fleece - - 6
Simla - - - - 6
Himalaya - - - 6
, r 1 Pad.-box boat. lrent 'll do.
Jason - - - - 6
Sydney - - - 6
Australia - - - 6
Three boats from each of the transports of the following Nos :—
78, 50, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 19, 23, 71, 90, 91, 31, 32, 88, 51, 46, 53, 55, 93, 96, 97, 28, 6, 37, 58, 48, 81, 20, 1, 34, 40, 61.
Left, or 2d Division.
Blue Ensign.
Furious
Vesuvius
Retribution
Terrible
Sampson
Inflexible
Sidon -
-{!
•{1
{J
-{!
-{!
-{!
-{!
Boat.
1 Pad.-box boat, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.

272
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Aitkndix No. 50.
Duties of Boats, and Duties of Officers commanding them.
1st. Care is to be taken not to overcrowd the boats; room is to be left to pull the four foremost oars in the boats that are towed, strict silence to be observed, on no account to break the line by advancing out of it; the advance to be steady in line abreast; the cutters towing are to sheer to starboard when close to the beach, to allow the boats astern of them to take the beach on their port hand. If anything renders it necessary to pull short round for retreat or alteration of movement, boats are always to pull to starboard, never going round to port unless ordered by signal.
The instant the boats are clear of infantry, they are to make the best of their way to ships of the next division they are told off for, to land the troops.
The boats, on receiving the troops of each division, will form without loss of time as they did for landing the Light Division, waiting the signal to advance.
All boats of the transport service not appointed to land troops after the Light Division is landed, will assemble, half on the off-shore side of the “ Emperor,” and half on the off-shore side of “ City of London” (see details) ; all reserve boats of sliips-of-war will assemble on the off-shore side of
“ Agamemnon.”
When approaching the beach, the grapnels or small anchors are to be let go from the steru, and the line veered as the boats close in ready for hauling out again rapidly.
2d. Boats are appointed to carry on shore the 1st Minie reserve ammunition as under' mentioned:—
I Troop Boat, 1 Pinnace, 1 Cutter from “ Simoom.
1 Troop Boat, 1 Pinnace, 1 Cutter from “ Simoom.
1 Pinnace, 2 Cutters from “Vulcan.”
1 Pinnace, 2 Cutters from “Vulcan.”
1 Launch, 1 Pinnace, 2 Cutters from “ Megoera.”
Light Division in No. 21 1st Division in No. 47 - -
2d Division in No. 82 3d Division in No. 56 of 4th Division 4th Division in No. 57 - 5th Division in No. 83 of 4th Division.
Regimental Staff 1 The P addle ' boX boats Horses
taff ^
Staff Horses.”
of “ Spitfire,” “ Triton,” and “ Cyclops,” and o» e from “ Firebrand ” appointed to land the horses of the Regimental Staff, al ’ c to have written on their bows, in conspicuous characters, “ Regiment®!
These boats to be towed as follows by cutters: “Spitfire” by “Niger”; “Triton” 1’) “ Tribune ”; “ Cyclops ” by “ Highflyer ”; “ Firebrand ” by her own.
Divisional Staff "1 The flat told off for the Divisional Staff is to have on a board, on a stad Horse Boats. J sufficiently high to be conspicuous, “ Divisional Staff Horses.”
General Staff.—General Staff in like manner.
“ Niger ” and “ Highflyer’s ” pinnace to tow.
Gun and Horse ~i All the flats are to be marked in clear characters, “ Large-size Flat,” “ Sm»^ Flats. J size Flat.”
Landing the Divisions on the first day, the small steamers will attend as follows:—
Light Division.
1st Division.
2d Division.
3d Division.
4th Division.
5th Division-
Minna
- No. 60, then to 3
71
46
37
—
Brenda
- No. 39,
„ 4
90
53
58
—
Danube
- No. 98,
„ 7
91
55
48
—
Circassia
- No. 42,
„ 10
31
93
—
1
Varna
- No. 43,
„ H
32
96
—
40
Shark -
- No. 44,
„ 19
88
97
—
61
Pigmy to Emperor, Tonning, City of London, Arthur the Great,
To tow a flat with the Divisional Staff. ^
To tow the flats with guns and horses, in the first trip taking the guns, and returning same ship for the horses and waggons.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 273
The steamers are not to advance with their flats until all are ready to proceed together ; the Horse Artillery going to the right, the Field Artillery to the left.
The duty of each of the tugs will he to proceed to the transport for which it is told off, [commencing with those of the Light Division], for the purpose of towing the flats with the artillery and horses, and waggons and horses. The officer commanding the tug must take care that he does not consider the ship clear until he has towed in from each two guns with their horses, and two waggons with their horses. -
Each Horse Artillery Transport of the Light Division, Nos. 60, 39, 98, will have three flats, and the Foot Artillery, Nos. 42, 43, 44, two flats at each trip ; the first for guns, limbers, and horses, the second for waggons and horses.
The pinnaces in attendance on the flats will take them to and from the tugs.
A pinnace will be in attendance with the “ Pigmy.”
Appendix No. 50.
Divisions of Boats.
All boats employed to land Infantry to be in three divisions.
1st Division. White Ensign. Distinguishing Flag Red, 18 in. square.
i
To consist of Launches, with their towing Cutters ; Turkish Pinnaces in charge of Ships-of-War, and all Troop Boats in their charge.
Blue^Ensi°n" To consist of Paddle-box Boats with their towing Cutters, and all Auxiliary
T .. > Boats that are supplied to Steamers of War for the purpose of landing
Distinguishing Flag [ „ 11 °
r, , . ° ° Infantry.
Red, 18 in. square. J
3d Division.
To show no colours. To carry only the Distinguishing Flag.
To consist of all Boats of the Transport Service.
Artillery Division.
Red Ensign. 1 To consist of all Boats of the Pinnace or Barge Class, in attendance upon Distinguishing Flag j and towing Flats with Horses and Guns.
Blue, 18 in. square.J
Boats must never leave these flats, or the crews their boats, unless imperative necessity compels it ; they are to tow them to the tug from the transport, and to the shore from the tug, where they will place them on the beach, and be in readiness to tow them out again as soon as clear.
The officers of these boats must bear in mind that the object is to get on shore as quickly as possible the guns and limbers of their batteries, with their horses, and on the second trip from the same ships, the waggons for the guns so landed, and their horses.
The 3rd of a battery which will be landed from each artillery transport at once, will consist of_
For Horse Artillery - - 2 Guns and 30 Horses.
For Foot Artillery - - - 2 Guns and 14 Horses.
These must go at the first trip.
Then from the same vessel,
2 Waggons and 14 Horses from each, the Horse and Foot being alike on this point.
1 .
JI M

274 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 50.
The under-mentioned boats will form a reserve to bring off wounded, or for other essential duties Firebrand - - 1 Paddle-box boat, 1 Pinnace, and 1 Cutter. To assemble
Fury - - 2 Paddle-box boats, 1 Pinnace, and 1 Cutter. I on the off-
Sidon - - - 1 Pinnace. j shore side of
Tribune - - - -2 Pinnaces. j Agamemnon.
Working Parties to be employed on board Artillery Ships.
Working parties to artillery ships for hoisting out guns and horses to consist of a lieutenant and 30 men, 15 of whom are to go in the flats with the guns, when these go on shore. These parties to take one day’s provisions with them.
{ 30 30
Bellerophon, 2 Lieutenants and 60 Men, | Sanspareil, 2 Lieutenants and 60 Men,
' 30 Men to No. 60.
No. 39. No. 98. No. 42. No. 43. No. 44.
When the guns, waggons, and horses are out of the aforesaid ships,
30
30
30
30
Party No. 60, to go to
No. 3, and from
No. 3 to No.
71.
39,
4,
33
4
33
90.
98,
7,
33
7
33
91.
42,
10,
33
10
33
31.
» 43, „
14,
33
14
33
32.
» 44,
19,
33
19
S3
88.
Leander
.
30 Men to No,
. 46.
Trafalgar
-
30
33
53.
Queen -
-
30
33
55.
Albion
.
30
33
93.
Rodney
-
30
33
96.
Vengeance -
-
30
33
97.
“ Leander’s ” party to go from No. 46, wlieu clear, to No. 37; “ Trafalgar’s ” from 53 to 58 ; and “ Queen’s” from 55 to 48.
Captains and Commanders commanding Divisions and Sub-Divisions to be in light pulling boats each attended by an aide-de-camp.
To COMMAND THE WHOLE FLOTILLA :
Captains Dacres (Infantry), King (Artillery), Commander Hillyar.
Commander commanding 1st Division, Heath.
„ „ 2d Division, Powell.*
Commanding Boats op Transport Service.
1st -
-
- 40 boats -
- Commander Rawstorne.
2d -
-
- 40 „ -
- Commander Hoseason.
3d -
-
- 40 „ -
- Commander Mason.
4th -
-
- 40 „ -
- Commander Franklyn.
of t],e
* The officer in command of the flotilla landing Infantry, Captain Dacres, H.M.S. Sanspareil. Ditto Artillery, Captain King, H.M.S. Leander, assisted by Commander H. Hillyar, H.M.S. Agamemnon.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
275
To assemble round ships for which they are told otf to disembark Infantry and Artillery - - - -
One Black Ball at Fore of “ Agamemnon.”
To form Line abreast
To advance in Line abreast, perfect Lines
Land • -'
f Two Black Balls at Fore of 1 “ Agamemnon.”
preserving f Three Black Balls at Fore - |_ of “ Agamemnon.” f Four Black Balls at Fore of 1 “ Agamemnon.”
These to be repeated by the Captain commanding the whole, and Officers commanding Divisions.
Appendix N o. 50.
Britannia
Boats to land
General’s Staff.
- - - 1 Pinnace.
Boats to land Light Divisional Staff'
- Agamemnon
1st
- Britannia
JJ
2d
- Tribune
3d
- Tribune
4th
>>
- Sidon
5th
>>
1 Barge.
1 Pinnace. 1 Pinnace. 1 Pinnace. 1 Pinnace.
Approved,
W. R. Mends,
Captain,
II.M.S. “Agamemnon.”
Edmund Lyons,
Rear Admiral.
“ Fury’s ” two paddle-box boats, one pinnace, and one cutter to proceed to “ Andes,” for the Sappers to land with the Light Division.
E.
“ Sidon.”—D etail of Boat Duties.
Boat.
Ship to proceed to when landing
For what Purpose.
Light
Division.
1st
Division.
2d
Division.
3d
Division.
4th
Division.
5th
Division.
} paddle-box Boat, 1 Cutter -")
* ^dle-box Boat, 1 Cutter - j
Pinna
No. 21.
cc.—Deserve
No. 19.
to rendezvo
No. 88.
is on the off-
No. 97.
shore side of
No. 57.
the “Agame
mnon.”
Infantry.
By command of the Rear Admiral,
W. R. Mends,
Captain, H.M.S. “Agamemnon.”
mm2

276
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL..
Appendix
JSTo. 50.
‘ Agamemnon.” —Detail of Boat Duties.
Ship to proceed to when landing
Boat.
Light
Division.
1st
Division.
2d
Division.
3d
Division.
4th
Division.
5th
Division.
For what Purpose.
1st Launch and Cutter
“Emperor”
“Tonning”
f "Cityof 1 (. London.” 3
“ Cyclops ”
“ Orinoco ”
-
Infantry.
2d Launch and Cutter
“ Emperor ”
“ Tonning ”
f "Cityof 1 (, London.” 3
“ Cyclops ”
“ Orinoco ”
—
Infantry,
1 Pinnace, attending small") Horse Flat, with Tug > “Pigmy”- - -J
“Emperor”
“ Tonning ”
f “Cityof 1 \ London.” 3
“ Medway”
<* “ Golden ( t Fleece.” 3
-
fFor Divisional (. Staff Horses.
Admiral’s Barge
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 Lieutenant and 30 Men to No. 60.-) To hoist out Gung and IIorseg . 1 Lieutenant and 30 Men to No. 39.3
From No. 60 to No. 3. From No. 39 to No. 4. From No. 3 to No. 71. From No. 4 to No. 90.
By command of the Rear Admiral,
W. R. Mends,
Captain, II.M.S. “ Agamemnon.”
: Shack ” Tug.—Detail of Duties.
Duties.
Towing “Leandcr” and “In-") flexible’s” Pinnaces with two Flats - -J
Towing “ London ” and " Terri-*] ble’s ” Pinnaces with Two Flats - -J
Towing “London,” “Terrible,”*] and “Rodney’s” Pinnaces with Three Flats - -J
Ship to proceed to when landing
Light
Division.
No. 44.
1 st
Division.
2 d
Division.
3d
4th
5th
Division.
Division.
Division.
No. 19.
No. 88 .
For what Purpose.
No. 97.
No. 61.
For Guns and Horses.
By command of the Rear Admiral,
W. R. Mends,
Captain, II.M.S. “Agamemnon.”
“ Queen.”— Detail of Boat Duties.
Boat.
Ship to proceed to when landing
For what Purpose-
Light
Division.
1 st
Division.
2 d
Division.
3d
Division.
4th | 5th
Division, j Division.
Launch, with one Cutter -
Turkish Pinnace
Two Pinnaces with Horse ) Flat ... -3
“ Fury”*
“Victoria”
No. 60. Towed by “ Minna.”
“Simoom”
“ Simoom”
No. 4.
“ Melbourne ”
“Melbourne”
No. 90.
“ Cyclops ”
“ Cyclops ”
No. 53.
“ Orinoco”
“ Orinoco ”
No. 58.
t
No. 40. Towed by “ Vania.”
Infantry.
Infantry.
Guns and
Towed by “ Brenda.”
1 Lieutenant and 30 Men to No. 55, to hoist out Guns and Horses.
' After taking troops out of “ Fury ” to return to Station abreast of “ Rodney’s ” Turkish Pinnace.
By command of the Rear Admiral,
W. R. Mends, „
Captain, II.M.S. “Agamemnon*
$3

al
osc.
scs*
ii
§
4
11
J1
•-<
■ti
8^
\
1 h
1 f 1 ~
CO
3
co : co :
t 1
S'?
■-O'
>
s
.1
O
o
s
CO
s
§
i ^
§
1
f
/
i
1
Si !
“s.
*i
§
ci
CO
a
co
* if}
CO
kO
i
“
i
■r!
si
U
11
J. h .§
iin
I >4
'X 1
■?
■|
9\
>, 4 g
11
1 ^
\
^ ;
u *5 ;
1
P
r 4*<
1 ?
TofHHjntfihtml Ittpo*. WAR D£AARTM£NT. Verier tJte Ottr&zo

.V: ' a!-.'-
. "
V-; J V .. <
f^ r *
ntfw.irui

3 ' §
^ H * £
s. $
^ I i
C, ^
£ Si. §*
"l
*
S fe* 1 S'3
1
&
&
'4 <$■ §
^ §-
& 4 1.
> 1
§
* s a
SjJ .
•5
&.
J ! S.
o o
O O
o o
• —o o
- o CD
— CD CD CD
SA> - Londons
7 - -JPyrene&s
20 Oang&s *
• cd cd o
-cd o o .
o o o
o o cd
— -^oMkr-—~ — jEafl(trSna/tnsoii — : Arthur the Great
— ^Escort- -
— j)cra -
- - o cd CD
o o
cd o
32 - SvZtcrna.'
•H - -15 vcanes
ffl Maori
cd o
CD CD
CD O
C/5 i •
STEAMERS Maurmud
cd o
CD CD
•Jason
Z-fJ.TJBJ
■■-- o cd cd
— o> o> cd
- cd o>
CD CD
CD CD
| (UDJ.C.)
-O CD
O CD
O CD
O CD
CD = D CD
CD CD O
TE- Z'J- - r.7 ? jZLP -
JeJlerophon JP Do r Z
:w M
Do
• O CD
CD CD
•- CD O
Rodney
Jo. E""
Ag amemnon t
JSritannia 1 /
O CD
- - O CD
"Do.
ce

'law**
MW;*:£s
•TS&S!**
,'Li*S
•‘Y3k
'VHcitiJ-*
r ^t- :
-5SE

oidon Do
Inflexible Do Sampson . 2 ) 0 .
Terrible Do. 'Retribution To
Vesurius
Do. -
Furious - — -Do
That
Ca aureus, drum'dale 'Edenaair
Court
Orient
Cord, FDrqum <3
.Vo
-Australia .Do. Sidney To. Jason To Trial
fftPHiiara
Sim
&ok?m Fleeces „ Do. «2
Avan. <-
on Do
Tofornod
To
Oronoco Do.
Med/vay To. . Cambria To.- _ 'D'tlemoudi
RrSaapos To
Melbourne Do
(2.T.T.1 tJ.JP.3d
City of.London.-3
l.meti Do LCanqaroo
m..
Torment/ Andes TO Fmperar Tiamona eander
‘ Z>s isa -Da
London Do
To. , Betlerophon Do
Venqea/ice/
r.B
T.B.-
Sanspariil To Ti To cen
Yenarancr Trafaiqar - Raa/ujy teen odney uiamotia AJinon Do.
Agii(r>erntwn
BrUanma

o/don ■Do
Inflexible Do Sampson Do.
Terrible _ 13 Q.
'ReU'Wutwn Do V&mrius
Furious
DO. ■ ifacrl
■:W n
Din war Cadueeus ArnotDa/e Bdendale Palmerston , 3 City or Carlisle 3 Jgrjfa/estr
Orients 3
Dol'd. Raglxui <3
ISJDAMERS Mauritius
Do
Australia.
« 7)0 •
Sidney Do'.
/ason Do. ffrent
iHuruUaya.
Sunjit
Go/dm f7.
Do Aryri
Colombo Do
Oronoco Do.
Mechvay „ D ° .
Cambria Do. , ’lynemoutfi
ftraaspes Do
^lebbournc Do.
City ofDandon-3 .Tim etc- °
Do
.Jfdnqaroo DO-.
'Corunna Andes *
Do.
Fmperor Diamond Zteandcr -
Areihisa
Tsondon bo.
Do. - . Dellerophan.
Do Pen
m .. ,
SanspitreiO Do Do Do.
Queen Vengeance Trafd
Ttodi Queen .Rodney _ Diamond jAJlfion Do
.Agamemnon Britannia
( JD.J3.1
P
ii.rD.i.c.}
(l.PiBd.C.J
if as*t

./teserre
Firebrand. S/don Do
Pnflexiile „ Do, Sampson Do.
Tetrfffle ^ Dq, . Ttetrwution Do Tesztt-tus
aori
SO
78 89
STEAMERS Do Do Do Do
Cadureus. 3
Arnot Dale o
J2avn/lo<e 3
Pa/menston Ci£t‘ or London
_
W&Rtghm.- %
r Mauritius 3
Vo. 3-
Anstraha a-
, Vo. 3 —•
Sidney ei-
r Ao. -|
daspn- g
Jlonakty-a 3 -•—
Simla 3 •-
G-ol$mSleeee % —
Do. -4 .. .
Avon %'
Do. I -
lofonwo n - “•
Do. $ -
Oronoeo -x
Cambria Do. ,
_ Tynemouth.
GjSaspes -5
Do. -3
Melbourne t> t .Do. _ 3
Fmeto
Do. ^
JCanqaroo 0- DP.. 4
Tonnrnq .strides
Mo. 4-
.Emperor ,y> —
. 'Diamond _
Ju eandcr -^v _
rtrrtfiifsa.- - dT;,~
lAn fy, -
Mo TD'
Metlerophon, - TJi - _____
'imp- f§
Sanspar&D DE
Do. - ddf -
Do. D'„ '
„ Mo- D-
Qiieen . df-
Vengeance dj n
Trafalgar' - d* -
Itortnrf- A,
tfU ™
mSnuUd -T.e
Mien ' J>. -
.Vo. A„-
-Agtmiemnon - L n
Britannia Ij"
IDIBJTOBTR m ILimDm®.

‘■t’Vil.'

-ttrscrre
Firebrand. Si-don J)o. Cnflexlble. n Do. Sampson
Do
Ti ’ r iU' le
Bctrwutwn
^Do..
Vesw'ULS
Furfaus
Do. Maori.
Ca ~~
Arnot Dale .Edcntlale Palmerston City ordondor
Orient. 3 Lard Raal/m, 3 Mauritius 3
Do 3 -
tustra/ia 3 Do.
Sidney s r j>o:
,/aspn Do Trent ir Do
JwnataA'-a J>o.
Simla -
Gooim Fleece/ 3
DO
Avon,
Colombo Do.
Oronoai
.Do.
Mecbvay
Do.
Cambria
Do.
Tynemouth
HySuspes -Do. -
Melbourne Do
PJ8J.
pdj.
& ^ S-
ft 5
I t s < * 5s
City of .London. 3
Tlmeio Do
Sfanqaroo Do. Tarmrna ulnrfes DO. .Emperor Diamond Leandcr
Arethzisa -DO
London Do.
Do. . BeUerophon
Do---
Venqgwice/ Trafalgar Sanspareiv Do.
Do- Do.
Qiieen
%mr
Bodniy Qtieen Rodney „ Diamond union Do. Aganiemnan
Brit/uuud
(iM MKIl my MlSTO llh
4“ Jm’TSlO.Y.

Wm.
VP’*?
W **£$0

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
2 77
t “Pigmy” Tug.—Detail of Duties. Appendix
_______„_ No. 50.
Duties.
Ship to proceed to when landing
For what Purpose.
Light
Division.
1st
Division.
2d
Division.
3d 4th 5th
Division. | Division, j Division.
With “ Agamemnon’s ” Pinnace, and one Horse > Flat > 0
“ Emperor”
“Tonning”
C “Cityof } X London.” $
“Medway”
( “ Golden ") \ Fleece.” j
-
13 Divisional Staff Horses from each.
By command of the Rear Admiral,
W. R. Mends,
Captain, H.M.S. “Agamemnon.”
Appendix No. 51.
Appendix No. 51,
Royal Engineers.—Crimea.
Organization of the Engineer Duties during the Siege of Sebastopol.
From the time of the formation of the “Army' k in the East ” until the arrival of the forces before Sebastopol, the companies of Engineers had been attached to the several divisions of the army, with the exception of a limited reserve which moved with head quarters.
Balaklava having been captured, Captain Inglis’ company, which had only joined the army on the march (at the Katcha river), and had not been attached to a division, was immediately encamped in a yard at the entrance to the town, and commenced (the same evening) the work of repairing the wooden wharves in preparation for the landing of the siege stores.
This company suffered very much from sickness, and lost several of its number by cholera in a very short time.
Upon the heights of Sebastopol the first important service performed by the companies of Engineers was the cutting off of one of the sources of water supply. This was done by the 10th Company (attached to the Light Division), which was then encamped in front of the Central Bastion in a position which was afterwards occupied by the French.
The general arrangements for the commencement of the siege having been determined upon, and the British portion of the operations comprising the carrying on of two separate attacks, it ivas decided to establish an Engineer park and camp for each attack, and accordingly convenient positions were selected for the purpose ; the one for the Left attack was near a vineyard in rear of the large stone quarry, which was the first position occupied on the heights by the 4th Division, and was afterwards the front of the standing camp of the 3d Division.
Captain (now Colonel) Chapman was placed in command of this camp, which consisted at first of the 3d, and the greater part of the 11th Companies, under Captains Inglis and Montagu. Lieutenant Leahy, and afterwards Lieutenant Lennox, had charge of the Left attack park, acting also as adjutant to the detachment camp.
The other, or Right attack camp, was established upon the extreme right of the Light Division, and in front of the windmill. This was the head quarters of the Engineers, and was under the immediate command of Colonel Alexander, Captain (now Colonel) Gordon being the director of Lie attack, Brevet Major Tylden the Brigade Major R.E., Captain Bourcliier in charge of the Park-, and Lieutenant Ewart Acting Adjutant of the Royal Sappers and Miners. The 8th, 10th,

278 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 51.
and 4th Companies were assembled at this camp, for the purpose of carrying on the duties of the Right attack, and were afterwards reinforced by the 7th Company from Gallipoli.
In order to commence the siege it had been necessary to withdraw every officer and man of the Engineer service from the divisions ; only a small detachment was left at Balaklava, and even then the numbers available were far below what were required even to commence so great an undertaking.
When the Right attack camp was first established there was not a regiment on the Inkerman heights, and although the front of the Engineer camp was covered by two Light Division picquets, the right flank was quite unprotected, and it became necessary at sunset every evening to post an Engineer outlying picquet upon the opposite side of the ravine, in order to guard against surprise.
This picquet was discontinued when the 2d Division moved to the Inkerman heights.
The Engineer companies were no sooner established in camps than they were fully employed in escorting siege stores from Balaklava to the front ; in packing and unpacking, sorting and arranging stores in the parks ; in making up fascines ; in obtaining timber from the farm-house near the windmill, from the post-house on the hill in front of the Light Division, and from other houses or cottages in the neighbourhood. A successful nocturnal expedition for the same purpose was made to the descending portion of the Inkerman road near the Tchernaya valley, from whence a number of stout posts and rails were obtained. Trees also were felled in the ravine of the Careening Creek.
All the wood which was thus collected was converted by the carpenters into platforms and magazines ; without it the batteries which were undertaken could not have been completed to at all the extent which was desired in preparation for the first bombardment.
The roof of the house, which was afterwards so well known as “ Head Quarters,” was only saved from the zealous attentions of the Engineers by the arrival of his Lordship the Commander of the Forces, who desired that his house might be left until last.
Detachments of Sappers were soon required to assist the 1st and 2d Divisions in throwing up such limited intrencliments as could be undertaken for strengthening their position upon the extreme right, and right rear of the British position.
So thickly was the Inkerman ground covered with underwood at this period, that it became necessary to cause the Royal Engineers’ relief coming off duty to send a man to guide the ncW relief to the work in progress.
“ Ground was broken ” as soon as a sufficient quantity of tools and stores had arrived at the front.
It is now proposed to describe the routine which was established in the Engineer service from the time when the companies were brought together for siege duties.
Central positions were fixed for the cooking of officers and men, and latrines were constructed on the side of the adjacent ravine, with boughs of trees and stones.
Camp kettles had been brought by some companies, and additional ones were obtained from the ships at Balaklava. Cooks were told off, and the company messes were served with as much regularity as at the Chobham camp, where some of the companies had gained useful experience.
The coffee was ground by the cooks by crushing it on a stone with one of the large round shot which the Russians threw up into the camps from highly elevated guns.
Those non-commissioned officers and men who had come off night duty were not required attend parade until after dinner ; those who had merely been on night guard in camp joined the works after breakfast. The guard of the camp was always relieved at sunset.
The company cooks were detailed by the week. To the hospital were attached a corporal aud a standing orderly. Additional orderlies were given when absolutely necessary, and at one time* when there was much fever in the hospital, it became necessary to make some of these also permanent, from a fear lest the fever should be spread by infection in the camp. These orderlic 3

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
279
Were generally taken from the weakly or otherwise inefficient men, who were, however, asked if they would volunteer for the duty, and were not compulsorily employed.
The reliefs used to be paraded at or near sunset in the evening*, and about half an hour before sunrise in the morning. They were almost invariably inspected by the adjutant before being marched off to the trenches, and the morning relief was always served out with hot coffee before being paraded. This was prepared by the cooks, who were called by the corporal of the camp guard in sufficient time to have it prepared. The fire was either kept up by the guard or lighted at a very early hour.
The grog for the relief going on duty was not served out to each man before leaving camp, but was carried in a keg or one or more canteens (of wood), which were placed in charge of the senior non-commissioned officer, who was held responsible for its being served out at the proper time, and until then he kept it in a box or magazine at the trench depot.
There was a general morning parade in camp for all non-commissioned officers and men who were not on trench duty or had not come off night duty.
After an inspection of the ranks, the artificers for the service of the park, and the store men, were fallen out; the others were then detailed to go on escort to Balaklava to obtain wood for cookingj - , for camp fatigue, or other similar duties, the balance remaining being always sent to the park to make or repair fascines, sort or unpack stores, make up mantlets, &c.
There was an interval of an hour in the middle of the day for dinner, and afterwards a general parade for work (not a clean fatigue parade), at which the reliefs were told off and proved for the next twenty-four hours. The night relief was then dismissed, and the rest of the noncommissioned officers and men were sent to the park, unless required for any special service or to finish any fatigue duty of the morning.
An interval was allowed for breakfast when the first parade was at a very early hour, but as the season advanced the usual alteration was made, and the men breakfasted before going to work.
At the first parade the adjutant sometimes gave the companies ten minutes’ drill before forming for work.
Upon Sdnday morning, the first parade was for Divine service, and after dinner there was a parade for work as usual.
The men generally washed their clothes in the forenoon after being on night duty, or early on Sunday morning ; sometimes they used to ask leave from the first parade until breakfast, in order to enable them to do so, and this was granted to a few whenever the numbers disposable would a dmit of it.
The duties on Sunday were reduced after a time, but in the early part of the siege it was ^possible to observe it as a day of rest.
It was decided from the first to detail the reliefs by brigades and demi-brigades. Each brigade °f Sappers consisted of eight men under a corporal or second corporal, and each brigade of carpenters of four, including generally a corporal, second or lance corporal. There was a master carpenter for each attack, who gave directions to the artificers in the trenches, and arranged with t he corporal of carpenters at the park for such supplies as were required. He took his orders i*"om the director of the attack, but was not required to be continually in the trenches. Each re lief was paraded under a sergeant, and, when the numbers of that rank admitted of it, a Se rgeant was detailed for every two brigades of Sappers.
At the mid-day parade, as soon as the sergeant-major had formed up the reliefs, each corporal fr°k down the names of the men in his brigade or demi-brigade, and the sergeant took down the ,la mes of the corporals placed under his orders. Some waiting men were always paraded.
Appendix No. 51.
* At the Left attack the hours of relief were somewhat different in the early part of the siege, f A very heavy fatigue.

280 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 51.
At the time, therefore, of the parade of the relief, the brigades fell in as proved, each corporal mustering and inspecting his brigade, and the sergeant ascertaining that the relief was complete.
The adjutant then inspected the relief, dismissed the waiting men, ordered such number to the park as might he required to cany small stores, saw the grog keg taken in charge, and then
marched off the party.
The officer or officers for duty always preceded the relief, and were prepared to distribute them upon their arrival in the trenches, in accordance with the director’s instructions. The place of meeting was the depot, unless otherwise ordered.
If carrying parties of the Line were detailed to call at the Engineer park, steady privates were kept hack as guides to accompauy them to the trenches. In the early part of the siege also Sappers were constantly asked for by staff officers to guide working parties going on duty.
It was determined at first to send the Sappers on duty to the trenches without arms, in order to have them free from incumbrance or inducement to neglect their work in favour of more exciting employment; but in consequence of a party under a sergeant having missed a turning upon a very dark night, and astonished a Russian outpost by nearly marching into it, all non-commissioned officers and men going upon night duty were afterwards paraded under arms. If the night was fine, the relief fell in with coats rolled (d In Zouave ), and from the camp to the trenches the brigades were always marched at ease, in order that the non-commissioned officers and men might he as little fatigued as possible ; they generally carried their carbines slung across the back, like the French.
Daily, in the course of the forenoon, the adjutant always obtained from the directors and other officers charged with carrying on works the requirements for the next twenty-four hours, after which he took from the roister the number of the non-commissioned officers required for duty, and detailed them from their respective charges ; hut this arrangement required much manage* ment in order fairly to allot the duties by day and by night, so that in the long run they should fall equally upon all. The sergeant-major filled up the brigades from the men next for duty.
If the requirements given to the adjutant were found to be such as "would necessitate non-corn* missioned officers or men going upon night relief without having been two nights in bed, he always again communicated with the directors, but he generally was able to inform them of wha* numbers he could conveniently furnish before taking the detail. At special times, such as during a bombardment, or when work pressed, it was necessary to overwork the non-commissioned office 1 '® and men, hut it was never done if it could be avoided, or without due consideration.
It was at first contemplated to divide the non-commissioned officers and men into permanent brigades of Sappers or artificers, and to send them always on duty with the same officers, hut camp guards, camp duties, sickness, and mortality so much interfered with the carrying out ot such a system that it was almost immediately abandoned, as being, however good in theory, hj no means adapted for practice. The duties, indeed, came round so frequently that the office 1 ’® soon become acquainted with all the non-commissioned officers and most of the men in the attach®
to which they mutually belonged.
Officers, non-commissioned officers, or men were very seldom sent to work at the attack [t ’ which they did not permanently belong, and when large works were undertaken at Inkerman, ,a company with its officers was detached from the Right attack to cany them on.
A small detachment was always required at Balaklava, but it was taken as much as possfi^ e from the same company.
At Scutari there "was also a detachment, which was composed of convalescents, who w 01
rke®
to tbf'
it» l!1
under Captain Gordon until reported to be sufficiently recovered to bo able to return duty in the Crimea. Two or three non-commissioned officers were, however, attached to Cap Gordon, to assist him, and look after the convalescents under his charge. ^
Upon the first day of the bombardment in October detachments of Engineers were told off, ^ tools prepared, in case of storming parties being suddenly ordered to turn out, but their ser' were not required.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 281
Volunteering was never encouraged. For the assault of the 7th of June (Quarries) the noncommissioned officers and men next for duty were detailed. For the assault of the 18tli of June the men next for duty were taken, after omitting those who had been engaged on the 7th ; and for the last assault none who had been engaged on the 18th June were detailed, and only so many of those who had been in the attack of the 7th of June as were requisite to make up the number required, after taking all who had not been engaged upon either of the former assaults.
Additional companies arrived in the course of the siege, and after it was over the detachment at Balaklava was replaced by a company.
When a new company joined either attack it was found necessary to accustom them to their trench duties, by detailing a proportion to each brigade, and thus to mix the young hands with the old ones.
In the month of August the camps of the two attacks were united, and a joint park was established, but the companies were still detailed for service at the attacks to which they were attached.
The joint park was placed in charge of Captain and Adjutant Ewart, and the number of Sapper artificers employed there was reduced by the employment of carpenters and blacksmiths from the fleet and Army Works Corps.
After the conclusion of the siege, the companies again worked for their respective divisions ; they improved water supplies, erected huts, constructed ovens, and superintended road-making.
Miscellaneous Memoranda.
The stores from Balaklava were at first brought up to the parks by mules and bullock-carts, and the animals were kept at the parks ; but in order to save the transport of their forage, they were afterwards kept at Balaklava, which proved to he a much better arrangement.
The forage for officers’ horses was always brought up from Balaklava by their bat horses. A check for the total quantity used to be given by the Commissary, and a non-commissioned officer was sent, with the train of bat horses, in charge of the officers’ grooms (one to two horses). The adjutant used to arrange the day for drawing and the time for starting.
In the early part of the siege, and prior to the 8th January 1855, warm clothing was obtained thus:—The adjutant, who went daily to head quarters for orders, called usually at the Quartermaster-General’s office, and asked the officer charged with the distribution of it if he had any for the corps. He used to refer to the invoice of arrivals, and the adjutant told him if any of the articles which had arrived were required ; he then would give a check on the store issuer at Balaklava for the proportion due to the number of the corps with reference to the army.
The adjutant took the check to the camp, and arranged with the commanding officer in what tvay the articles should be allotted, at so many per company, or otherwise. Sometimes the men who were to receive the things were sent to Balaklava to get them, but generally either they Were sent up by small quantities with the siege stores, or the adjutant borrowed a sufficient number of officers’ horses, and sent them down in charge of a non-commissioned officer.
The first hut allotted to the corps was brought up by sending down fatigue parties to carry np the materials, as there was no other way of bringing it up, and a hospital hut was urgently •'squired.
The first stove brought into the camp was carried by Lieutenant Lowry, who slung it, with the Piping, on his back, and walked up, thus laden, from Balaklava to tlie Right attack camp near the windmill.
Early in January 1855 Lieutenant Leahy was appointed Deputy Assistant Quartermaster- general for the corps, and from-that, time zealously performed the duties of providing the c °rps with clothing and necessaries, as well as of superintending and improving the transport !• N N
Appendix No. 51.

282
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix arrangements. For the performance of these and other important duties he was moved from
the Left attack to Balaklava.
The wearing of chakos was very soon abandoned, and a request (which was complied with) was sent to England that no more should be sent out.
White bands made of tracing tape were sewn on to the Sappers’ forage caps, in order that they might be distinguished in the trenches ; these were afterwards replaced by the permanent adoption of yellow bands.
The want of medical officers permanently attached to the corps was seriously felt.
C. B. Ewart,
Captain R.E., and Major, late Major of Brigade, R.E.
Hythe, Kent,
25th March 1859.
Appendix No. 52.
Appendix No. 52.
Memorandum on the Royal Engineer Transport in the Crimea, by Captain Leahy, R.E.
On the landing of the British expeditionary army in the Crimea, the Royal Engineers were unprovided with the means of transport for their material.
Independent of the Engineer stores provided for the siege of Sebastopol, and which were retained on board ship until the army reached Balaklava, there was a proportion* of intrenching and other tools in charge of the companies or detachments of Royal Sappers and Miners serving with the several infantry divisions.
It was at first proposed that these tools should be carried by about 600 men told off from each division for the purpose, each man carrying the articles in addition to his own arms and kit.
The capture of a large number of arabas near the coast at Old Fort rendered this proceeding unnecessary, and the Quartermaster-General was enabled to allot a sufficient number of vehicles for the conveyance of the very limited supply of Engineer stores that accompanied the army.
On the 1st of October 1854 the companies of Royal Sappers and Miners wore withdrawn from the divisions to which they had been previously attached, and were encamped near the Engineer park, under the immediate orders of the Commanding Royal Engineer.
The arabas and other vehicles which had been used for the conveyance of Engineer stores
during the march (46 in number) were then collected. Several of the horses and bullocks however, had become foot-sore during the march, while others were incapacitated from want of food, so that 35 carts only could be sent to Balaklava for stores.
* The following is a list of the tools which accompanied each division of the British army on their landing in d’ e Crimea :—
200 Pickaxes 250 Shovels 100 Spades
- Weight, lbs. 1,700
4 Crowbars 2 Sledges
1,500
600
60
30
2 Cross cut
30
2 Boxes, Carpenters’ tools -
2 „ Miners’ and gabion making tools
2 „ Powder, fuze, tracing tapes, ropes, &e. -
350
200
200
Totals
lbs. 4,670

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
283
This was the only transport at the disposal of the Commanding Royal Engineer, and as it was necessary that the Engineer stores and the material required in the construction of the batteries should be collected in the park prior to the opening of the trenches, it was only by great exertions on the part of the Brigade-Major, Major Tylden, R.E., that this was done. Nor would it have been possible had not occasional assistance been obtained from the Commissariat, and by the employment of carrying parties of the Line. For the conveyance of many stores, the arabas were from their construction unfitted, and two pontoon waggons which formed part of the equipment were occasionally used to bring up long fascines and timbers. These waggons were horsed by the Royal Artillery.
After the month of October the number of arabas fit for travel decreased rapidly ; the bullocks and horses, from constant hard work and want of sufficient food, frequently fell down, and died on the roadside, and the transport became daily less effective as the tracks became heavier. At this time the Commissariat also had difficulty to bring up the requisite supplies of provisions for the troops, and this being of paramount importance, the few arabas at the disposal of the Commanding Royal Engineer were employed in the aid of that department, frequently to the detriment of the siege, for the Engineer parks were left without the stores required to meet the constant demands for repairs to the batteries. In the middle of December the Engineer transport was in a most deplorable condition, as the following letter from the Commanding Royal Engineer will testify.
Royal Engineer Camp before Sebastopol,
Sib, 13th December 1854.
I have the honour to inform you that the araba transport of the Engineer department has become quite unserviceable, and though I still have oxen and arabas, the wretched condition of the former is such that I have not one vehicle fit to go to Balaklava and back.
As long as I had any fit for service I lent them to the Commissariat Department, and the few mules I have, and the officers’ bat horses, are constantly employed in bringing up provisions and forage.
I am very anxious to bring up the materials necessary for putting our batteries in an efficient state, but the Commissariat and the Artillery having so much on hand themselves, I cannot apply for aid to them.
I take this opportunity of recommending that the Engineer department should be allowed a certain proportion of field carriage transport.
I have, &c.
Lieut.-General Sir J. Burgoyne, (Signed) J. W. Gordon.
&c. &c. & c.
At this period the mules and bat ponies which had been left behind at Varna were sent on to the Crimea, as well as the small mule equipment which had been organized in Bulgaria, for the conveyance of such tools as would have been required by the Sappers during the march.
There were altogether 15 mules and 10 ponies, some of these were employed carrying water or performing other camp fatigues, for which, from the insufficient strength of the corps, and the constant demand for Sappers in the trenches, there were no men available.
During the months of November and December a number of Turks were placed under the orders of the Commanding Royal Engineer, to be employed as working or carrying parties at his discretion. A large proportion of these were employed to bring gabions, platforms, &c., to the
i N N 2
APPENDIX No. 52.

Appendix No. 52.
284 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Royal Engineer parks, or to the trenches, but the men were weak, sickly, and badly fed, and quite unequal to any hard work.
Their number rapidly diminished, and at the end of the year the effective strength for duty was not above 300 per diem.
When the winter had set in, and the siege works had almost come to a stand-still for want ol men and material, the efforts of the officers in command were chiefly directed to the condition of the troops, and exertions were made to supply them with provisions, warm clothing, and means of shelter.
These duties were carried on under the directions of the Quartermaster-General, through the divisional officers of his department. As the Royal Engineers now formed a separate body, and were not attached to any division, it was considered necessary to appoint a staff officer* to perform corresponding duties for the corps. His head quarters were fixed at Balaklava, and all the. transport animals having been previously moved there from the camp, for the purpose of being as near as possible to the forage stores, were placed under his charge.
The most important duty to be attended to was that of supplying the Engineers with food. There was no reserve store in the Commissariat depots in camp, and the failure of a day’s supply would have necessitated a short ration. Application was made accordingly to the Commissary General, who, on the responsibility of the division officer of his department, permitted supplies of biscuit, rice, &c., to be drawn in advance, and stored in the regimental camps of the corps, to meet the demands on the ordinary ration return ; in like manner forage was taken up to camp by the officers’ horses for their own use, whenever they were able to send for it; but towards the end of January 1855 a fortnight’s supply of provisions was stored in each of the Engineer camps, and after that time no inconvenience or anxiety for want of rations was experienced.
This reserve store was not kept up longer than circumstances warranted, and as soon as the Commissariat were in a position to guarantee supplies, the corps transport was again employed for its legitimate purpose. The warm clothing was issued and distributed during December 1854 and January 1855, and about the 20tli of this month a large number of mules having arrived, about 20 animals, in addition to the 25 which had previously been in possession of the corps, were handed over by the Commissariat, in accordance with the instructions received from the Quartermaster-General. No Sappers could, however, he spared to look after these animals, and consequently some civilian drivers and Turks, who had been hired by the Commissariat for the purpose, were placed in charge of them.
The officer of the Commissariat in charge of the transport department had previously given all the assistance in his power to renew the equipment, which was completely worn out, and from want of which many of the mules had received sore backs. Temporary wooden sheds were at once constructed for these unfortunate animals, through the exertions of Major Hall, H.E.I.C.S-; Assistant Engineer, and by constant attention to the feeding, and taking care not to overload or ill use the animals, they were soon got into a tolerably efficient state. From January to the end of March they were chiefly employed to carry huts to the camp, but after that month they were almost exclusively engaged in the conveyance of Engineer stores.
As the roads improved it was found more convenient to put the largest and strongest mule s with light trench carts, as many of the stores could not he safely or conveniently carried pack animals, especially without an equipment expressly made for the purpose.
* Lieut. Leahy, E. E., was the officer appointed to assume this office of Acting Quartermaster, which was 80 sequently changed to that of Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General of the Eoyal Engineers. The services rendered in providing for the comfort and proper maintenance of the Engineer troops were invaluable, and it w ° u he very desirable that an officer should he attached in a similar capacity to the Eoyal Engineers in all f nttl1 expeditions.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
285
These carts frequently went down to the depots in rear of the trenches, and were constantly and usefully employed until the termination of the war.
When the siege was over, and the probability of the army taking the field was announced, the mule equipments for the companies of Sappers were carefully completed, and were prepared for removal at a moment’s notice; for this purpose additional mules were obtained from the Land Transport Corps, and Sappers were detailed to look after them.
They were apportioned as follows :—
For conveyance of tools, as detailed in the List (A.) annexed, six with each company serving with a division of infantry, and with the company at
head quarters - - - - - - - -42
For carrying instruments, books, and the tents for the head quarter’s office, and clerks ... - - - - - - - 6
Regimental:
For conveyance of tents for nine companies, Royal Sappers and Miners - 18
For hospital stores, one to each division - - - 6
For staff sergeants’ tents, adjutants’ and quarter-masters’ stores, &e. - 3
Total - - 75
(Signed) Leahy,
Captain Royal Engineers.
List (A.)
List of Tools as carried by the Moles attached to the Companies of Royal Engineers serving with Divisions of the British Army in the Crimea.
Number of Articles.
Weight.
Number of Articles.
4 spades -
8 sliovels - 8 picks ...
3 felling axes - -
1 setting bar -
1 sledge hammer - -
3 spare pick helves
1 shovel helve -
2 felling axe helves,
1 sledge helve -
2 ellipses - -
1 pack-saddle, hobble and rope, nosebag and corn, bridle, halter and chain, 2 mule shoes -
Total
Two loads of these carried by 2 mules.
i Lbs,
Carpenters’ Tools.
24
48
69
17 *
14
161
6
10
!
i
35 |
246 j
Box No. 1.
3 bill-hooks
3 gross of screws (sizes) 32 lbs. of nails (sorts)
3 rivetting hammers 2 claw hammers 2 squares, steel blade 2 pairs of pincers 2 bevels
2 picking gouges
1 screw wrench
2 chalk lines 1 chalk reel 6 lead pencils
1 dozen liand-saw files
2 pairs of compasses 1 lb. of chalk
6 hand saws 1 tenon saw
Weight.
1
r— y.
to
*3
£*■
Appendix No. 52.

286 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 52.
Number of Articles.
Box No. 2.
3 bill-hooks - - *
2 broad axes -
2 hand axes - - -
2 two-feet rules -
6 firmer chisels - -
6 socket chisels -
6 spike gimlets -
6 nail gimlets - -
6 brad awls - -
2 plumb bobs - - -
4 adzes and handles - -
1 oil stone ...
6 augers (sizes) and handles 1 brace and bits ...
1 mallet -
2 screw drivers - - -
2 drawing knives - - -
1 tenon saw - -
1 jack plane - ...
1 smoothing plane -
1 spoke shave - - -
2 cold chisels ...
Size of carpenters’ box, 2 feet 7 inches long, 10 inches broad, and 11 inches deep, in the clear.
Carried by one mule.
Miners’ Tools.
Box No. 1. 10 gabion knives 6 plugs and feathers 3 bill-hooks
1 stone hammer (7 lbs.)
1 ditto (3 lbs.)
1 hand hammer (4 lbs.)
2 felling axes
1 needle, copper 1 worm and scraper 1 tamping bar 1 setting bar (7 lbs.)
1 Ilambro’ line
9 lbs. spun yarn
10 feet slow match
3 port fires
150 feet Bickford’s fuze
Box No. 2. 10 gabion knives 1 three-feet jumper 1 two-feet jumper 3 bill-hooks 1 striking hammer
>.£
sc
sc
Box No. 2— continued.
1 sledge hammer (16 lbs.)
2 axe helves - 1 sledge helve
8 lbs. spun yarn
Carried on top of box—
1 crow bar.
2 fascine chokers.
Carried by one mule.
Weight.
60
Collar Makers’ and Farriers’ Tools, in small Box.
Harness leather ... Serge ...
1 basil - - ...
1 ball twine (•£ lb.) - 4 balls hemp (| lb.)
1 hand knife ...
2 awl hafts - ...
6 blades -
1 dozen harness needles ■J- dozen collar needles 1 palm iron - -
1 thimble - -
Beeswax -
Harness makers’ wax ...
Size of collar makers’ box, 2 feet 7 inches by 8 inches broad, and 4 inches deep, in the clear.
Farriers’ Tools.
1 pair pincers -
1 hammer - - -
1 rasp ...
1 hacking iron and punch 1 knife ....
Carried by forage mule.
Two powder boxes carried on one mule, containing—
100 lbs. powder in 4 leather bags 100 feet hose, filled ... 500 feet Bickford’s fuze 50 feet two-inch rope - 5 lbs. spun yarn ...
4 spike gimlets ... Size of box, 2 feet 6 inches long by 1 foot 6 inches deep, and 10 inches wide, in the clear.
Carried by one mule.
'Weight of 2 boxes com- Weight, including farriers’ tools, 30 lbs. Weight, includin:
yVete, 220 \bs. box,143 lbs.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
287
Summary.
No. 1 mule.—Picks, shovels, &c.
No. 2 mule.— Ditto
No. 3 mule.—Two boxes carpenters’ tools No. 4 mule.—Two boxes miners’ tools No. 5 mule.—Two powder boxes
No. 6 mule.—Three days’ forage
Collar makers’ and farriers’ tools
Six mules carrying
lbs.
- 246
- 246
- 254
- 246
- 220 lbs.
180
30
- 210
- 1,422
Appendix No. 52.
Appendix No. 53.
- Appendix
No. 53.
Report of the Construction of the Hospitals at Constantinople and the Bosphorus, by
Major E. C. Gordon, Royal Engineers.
The works performed by the Royal Engineer Department at Scutari, and at the various points on the Bosphorus and its vicinity, that were inhabited by British troops during the late war, were as various in their nature as they were large in extent.
The points at which, up to the summer of 1855, these works were simultaneously carried on were in the immediate vicinity of Constantinople, viz. Scutari (extending from Pashaliman to Hyder Pasha, a distance of about three miles,) and Ivulali on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus ; and Galata Serai (in Pera) and Seraglio Point on the European side ; while, at a subsequent period, they were extended to Buyuk-Tchekmedji and Silivria, some forty miles below Stamboul on the European shore of the Sea of Marmara, to Ismid in the Gulf of Nicomedia, distant about sixty miles from Scutari, and to the island of Proti (in the Sea of Marmara), eight miles distant from Scutari.
Their chief object was to obtain as much accommodation in the buildings allotted to the British by the Turkish Government as was compatible with a general view to health, as also to increase that accommodation by the erection of other buildings on such ground as was deemed suitable for the ends desired.
Before entering into a detailed account of these works, it will perhaps be as well to mention the means at the disposal of the resident directing officer of Engineers, to enable him to carry out all that was required of the Engineer department.
At the outset of the works (say 1st October 1854) the Royal Engineer Department was Tepresented by one subaltern officer (who throughout had the sole direction of the works) and one sergeant of Sappers. Towards the middle of November 1854 this subaltern officer was given the assistance of an additional subaltern, but this assistance was more nominal than real, for the officer in question was capable of little or no exertion ; he passed the greater portion of his time on the sick list, and in February 1855 was ordered to another station.
All brother officers, however, who from illness became inmates of the hospital, most readily and cheerfully afforded to the directing officer what assistance it was in their power to give, and he deceived most valuable assistance from one brother officer in particular, who was sent down from the Crimea to superintend the shipment of timber that was being constantly supplied for siege

288
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 53 .
purposes at the front, and who at the expiration of this duty was unable, through illness, to return to the Crimea.
This officer* not being strictly confined to the hospital by the medical authorities, and seeing the vast amount of work devolving on the department (which was daily on the increase), could not remain inactive, and by his zeal and energy he rendered his services of the utmost value to the local head of his department, until in March 1855 he was deprived of his aid by the medical authorities, who peremptorily ordered him to England.
It was in vain to look for assistance, either in the way of officers or men, from the Crimea,- as there, owing to the smallness of their number, more work was, if possible, required of them individually than from the officer in charge at Scutari. On the 12th March he received permission to employ under his orders a Hanoverian officer of artillery, Lieutenant Wagman, who for nearly a month previous had rendered voluntary assistance in superintending the despatch of timber for the Crimea. This officer, at the commencement of the war, had been placed by the Turkish Government under the orders of the Commanding Royal Engineer to the forces, and had been employed as an Assistant Engineer till the end of the year 1854, when ill-health caused him to leave the Crimea. He was employed at Scutari through the summer of 1855, when he afterwards left the country on sick leave.
Sappers on the convalescent list were employed in superintending works as soon as ever the medical authorities would permit, but they could only be kept for a few days each, as the directing officer had orders to send all available men to the front by the first opportunity, as soon as they were finally discharged from hospital, and it was not until the 16th February 1855 that he received permission to retain a permanent detachment of twenty men at Scutari, the original sergeant being included in this number. Such, apparently, was the pressure for men at the front, that, on the 27tli of the same month, he received a query from the Crimea whether any of the above detachment could be spared. Previous to this period he had been allowed to retain the services of one sergeant, one corporal, and two privates.
On the 17tli February 1855 24 civilian carpenters arrived from England, under a foreman. On their arrival they were attached to the Royal Engineer department.
On the 24th March 1855 two clerks of works arrived, and a third arrived on the 20th May following, he having been sent to Fiume, on his way from England, to purchase timber for hutting purposes. Up to this period, therefore, the management of the department had been carried on without the assistance of any civilian clerks, the duties thereby devolving upon the officer in charge being perhaps more easily understood than described.
An ordnance storekeeper arrived on the 24th March 1855, but his department did not begin to work until the first week in April, therefore all payments for work or material were made personally by the directing Engineer, who received money from the Commissariat (with the exception of the periods between 16th November 1854 and 3d February 1855, which will be hereafter explained,) or requisitions countersigned by the commandant, and for which mono) he had afterwards to account. On this date there were employed at—
Scutari ------- - 382 men.
Ivulali ------ - 360 „
Galata Serai and Stamboul - 350 „
Total ------ 1,092 men,
exclusive of men on contract work.
For several weeks in the early part of the winter 1854-55 he had to call the check of workmen at Scutari twice per day, he had personally to pay each man at all the statio®^, every week, keeping the necessary accounts, which formed no light addition to the labours 0
Lieut, (now Major) Ravenhill, R.E.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OP TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
289
directing, and drawing plans for all tlie various works in progress, as well as seeing to their due execution. To enter into the detail of the works performed at Constantinople during the eventful winter of 1854-5, it will perhaps be the better plan to describe those at each station separately ; but it must be borne in mind, that the works were at all the stations progressing simultaneously.
During the period that the troops remained at Yarna, the sick that were from time to time sent to Scutari were received into the only building that had been placed unreservedly at the disposal of the British Government, which building was the barrack of Selimiye, afterwards known as the Barrack Hospital. It is situated at a distance of 200 yards from the shore of the Sea of Marmara, at a height of about 130 feet above the level of the sea, and is on the outskirts of the large town of Scutari. The building is composed of long corridors, from which rooms open on the one side, while from the windows of the other is seen a large barrack square, enclosed by the building. Large ranges of stores in the basement of this building were already used as such by the Commissariat department, while about half the rooms on the ground floor Were used as depot stores for the various regiments serving in the Crimea. Some years ago one half of this building had been destroyed by Are, and had subsequently been rebuilt. This new portion was in a very good state of repair, but the part untouched by the fire was in too dilapidated a state for general occupation.
A portion of this building had been thoroughly cleansed and prepared for the sick. When discharged from the hospital, they were transferred to another portion of the building, where they were formed into a depot, from which drafts were at intervals sent up to join their respective regiments. In the same building some rooms had been converted into a military prison, fitted up With cells, &c.
About the 1st October 1854 the first batch of sick arrived from the Crimea, being composed chiefly of the wounded from the battle of Alma. At this date, fortunately, there were but. few sick in the hospital, and thus, therefore, a great part of the wounded men were at once admitted into the hospital portion of the building, while steps were immediately taken for placing an a djoining portion in a fit state to receive the sick.
Soon, however, it was seen that the entire new portion of the building would be inadequate h>r the wants both of the hospital and the depot ; the latter were therefore removed to the better portion of the old part of the building, and the whole of the now part was prepared for s ick. But the sick continued to pour in from the Crimea, and it became evident that other a ccommodation must soon be obtained. Works were set in hand at Kulali, and application was Ciade for the Turkish hospital building at Scutari, about half a mile distant from the barrack, ' v hich was at that time occupied by sick Turkish troops. The Turks partitioned off a portion of this building for our use, but they had to retain the remainder for the use of their own sick and bounded. This accommodation did not suffice, and it was proposed to remove the stores from the barrack, and build a shed to contain them in the barrack square. It was soon seen, however, that this would effect so trifling an addition to the accommodation, and that in a part of the building ill adapted for sick, that in the middle of November 1854 it was decided, at the suggestion of the Greeting officer of Engineers, to put the uninhabitable portion of the barrack into a thorough s tate of repair. This comprised reflooring 60 rooms, with their galleries, making 830 squares of flooring, preparing an area of 30,000 square feet of corridor, making about 300 new windows and frames, besides repainting and whitewashing the whole. The Commandant doubted that he had Efficient power to authorize the execution of such extensive works ; and as these works tended als 0 to the permanent improvement of the building, the question was raised whether the expense S| ‘°uld be defrayed by the English or the Turkish Government, the settlement of which question very nearly the cause of serious embarrassment and delay. r Ihe necessity, however, was ^'Sent, and the ambassador came forward with his ever ready assistance, and authorized the J^ediate commencement of the works, placing at the disposal of the resident commanding to yal Engineer sufficient funds to defray the entire expense of the works.
1 .
■Appendix No. 53.
O O

290
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 53.
The works were commenced on the 16tli November 1854, and were pushed on with all possible speed, so that by the 20th of December the rooms and corridors of one wing of the building were ready for occupation. By the end of February 1855 the renewal of the whole of this portion of the barrack was completed, thus affording additional accommodation for upwards of 400 patients.
The completion of the latter portion of this work was much retarded in consequence of the rooms of the lower corridors being unavoidably occupied by the depot at the same time that the works were in progress. Only two rooms, with the corresponding portion of corridor, could be taken in hand at a time, and these had to be completed before other rooms could be vacated. The traffic, therefore, besides the constant pilfering of material by the men of the depot, was the cause of constant embarrassment and delay.
Still, however, the pressure for accommodation was on the increase, and it was resolved towards the end of December 1854 to take the various buildings at Hyder Pasha in hand (which were about one mile distant from the Barrack Hospital), with a view to make them available for hospital purposes. The necessary works were at once commenced ; water was laid on to the principal buildings; kitchens and latrines were built; stores partitioned off, and the roofs repaired; so that by the end of January those various buildings were in occupation. The additional accommodation thus derived was for about 400 sick, including the buildings that wore known » s the Harem Hospital, and Ball Room or Theatre.
About this period, the Turkish Government having otherwise disposed of their sick, made over to the British authorities the remainder of the General Hospital. The building was in a very fair state of cleanliness and repair, and was occupied on the completion of some minor works of detail. The total accommodation of this building was estimated for about 800 sick, exclusive of the use of corridors.
Thus, therefore, by the middle of January 1855 the total available accommodation at Scutar> was—
The Barrack Hospital
- 1,800
The General Hospital
- 800
The Palace Hospital - -
- 400
Total
- 3,000
besides which, accommodation had been made available for about 250 men on the convalesce!' 1 ' list, in rooms attached to the stables situated at the east and west sides of the Barrack Hospital.
The medical authorities, however, experienced very great inconvenience from the presence the depot in the Barrack Hospital. It was therefore determined, on the 14th January 1855, t0 construct wooden huts within the Hospital square, to serve as a barrack. These were at commenced, and by the 10th February following they were completed, affording additi 0 ’ 1,1 accommodation for 1,000 men.
But this arrangement did not entirely remedy the evil; the corridors of the main building crowded with men on the convalescent list, who had, unavoidably, constant intercourse ^ those of the depot, and it was hence found to be almost impossible to enforce any of the ordinary hospital regulations. It was therefore decided, on the 15th February 1855, to bu'l ' new barrack for the depot, entirely separated from, and without the precincts of the liospitab ^ site was selected for this barrack on the neighbouring common, about midway between the and the General Hospitals ; and it was set in hand as soon as the necessary preparations c ° U jj _ be made, and the weather, which at this period was very bad, would permit. This barrack sisted of 46 (afterwards increased to 58) huts, together with a kitchen and wash-house, comprised an orderly room, a garrison school, and two stores, affording accommodation for

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
291
men and 40 married women, in addition to which were subsequently built quarters for an adjutant and a medical officer. These buildings, which were afterwards known as the “Victoria” Barracks, were in occupation on the 1st July 1855.
When the depot was moved from the Barrack Hospital, the sheds within the square were appropriated to the use of the convalescents, a library was established, a portion was partitioned off as a store, and the remainder was supposed to contain accommodation for about 700 men.
Thus, therefore, by the 10th of February 1855, the accommodation provided at Scutari was for 2,450 men, including the depot, and which, by the 1st July following, was so far increased as to give a total amount of accommodation for 5,315 men and 40 women, divided as follows:—
Sick.
Depot.
Women.
Barrack Hospital
„ Convalescent Sheds General Hospital - Hyder Pasha Hospital
- 1,800
- 700
- 800
- 400
Victoria Barracks
Stables
- 250
1,365
40
3,950
1,365
40
In addition to the works necessarily incurred in effecting the increase of accommodation above enumerated, was the purchase and constant supply of an enormous amount of material required for engineering purposes in the Crimea; and the other demands of an equally urgent nature that were made on the department were too numerous to detail. They included the due heating of all the hospital and other buildings, for which purpose stoves were placed in all the wards, and at intervals along the corridors ; the construction of dispensaries on most of the landings between the various flights in the building ; of divisional kitchens for meeting the requirements of the extra diet rolls of the sick ; of partitions at intervals along the corridors, to impede the draft; and above all, the construction of roads to communicate with these numerous detached establishments.
The pipes conveying the water supply were entirely renewed from its source, a distance of Upwards of four miles, and sedimentary wells were formed at intervals along its course.
The privies and drains continually occupied the attention of the Royal Engineer department. The soil, &c., was conveyed from the closets in the upper stories to the drains below by means of earthenware piping 7 inches in diameter, protruding from the inner side of the walls of the building. The whole system of drainage was most defective, and constant repairs were therefore Seeded and in execution. About the middle of September 1854 a general repair of the whole of fhe closet pipes in the Barrack Hospital was made, from which period, up to the 5th December following, they again underwent a general repair no less than three separate times. The necessity for these repairs was caused chiefly by the obstruction of the pipes from the wanton Practice of throwing old clothing, hones, and other refuse matter down them, thus completely popping the passage or bursting the pipes, and thereby causing most offensive smells. In one distance, on opening one of the pipes that had been reported as being out of order, the obstruction ' v 'as found to be caused by the body of a newly born infant, that had been thus disposed of.
The constrnction of a bath establishment in the Barrack Hospital, and the fitting up of a Cached building as. a wash-house and drying establishment, on principles similar to those a ^°pted of late years in England ; the construction of a complete pathological establishment, c oinprising a dissecting room, dead house, lecture room, &c.; the manufacture of several thousand S(;ts of bed boards and trestles, of several hundred tables and forms, a like number of stretchers close stools, together with various other necessaries, all most urgently and immediately Squired, was progressing simultaneously with the works detailed above.
Appendix No. 53.
O o 2

itfW
292
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 53.
In the neighbouring town of Scutari 37 houses were taken up by the Government as quarters for the medical and other officers, in each of which extensive repairs had to be executed; kitchens had to be constructed in most of them ; and the officers’ quarters, of which there were sometimes as many as seven or eight in one house, had to be provided with stoves.
Two commissariat stores were constructed, two purveyors’ stores (one of which was 400 feet in length, in two stories), and four stores for the storekeeper’s department.
A pier was made at the landing-place at Harem Skelessi of irregular shape, but which covered an area of 17,500 square feet, giving at one end a depth of 14 feet of water, and supported by piles, which were sunk an average depth of nine feet each pile into the ground.
In February 1854 orders were received from England to prepare for the reception of 1,200 horses that were to be sent out in the spring. In the Turkish stables already in' existence there was available accommodation for only 740 horses, and consequently stabling for the remainder had immediately to be set in hand. This service was commenced on the 6tli March, and was completed before the arrival of the horses.
The works at Lower Scutari were confined to occasional repairs to a large commissariat store and its adjoining wharf, and the construction of quarters for the Englishmen in charge of these stores.
The works at Pashaliman were of a similar nature, but comprised also the construction of a landing wharf at a depth of 22 feet of water, and a store of between 200 and 300 feet in length.
The whole of the above works were commenced, and many of them completed, before the arrival on the 6th March 1855 of the Sanitary Commissioners. The directing Engineer officer accom- panied them on their inspection of the various buildings in British occupation, and in all cases they expressed themselves as “ agreeably surprised at the cleanliness and comfort of the different establishments,” which expressions of satisfaction they repeated to the Commandant, Lord William Paulet, adding, that “ there was little or nothing left for them to point out,” by way of amelioration. One of their few recommendations must, however, be here alluded to, as it was at variance with the expressed opinion of the Engineer officer, and the ordered compliance with which was the cause of subsequent complaint on the part of the medical authorities. The privies were buffi in the angle of the barrack yard, and communicated with the corridors by a passage. (Se e annexed diagram.)
In the blocks of privy buildings there were no windows towards the barracks ; there were doors from the passages communicating with these privies, and windows at either side of the passages for ventilation.
TTTTIT
OPEN
CORRIDOR.
WARD,

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
293
The Commissioners, however, with a view, it is believed, of improving the ventilation of these privies, ordered openings to he made in the dead walls marked “ A.” in the diagram, the inevitable result of which was, that on whichever angle of the building the wind set, whenever the windows in the corridors of the hospital were open, the smell was carried from the privies into the hospital building.
In March the Commissioners ordered some slight alterations to some of the privy drains, and the re-construction of one of the main sewers, the results, however, of which were of a very dubious character in the mind of the directing oflicer of Engineers, and were the cause of constant after-complaint on the part of the medical authorities.
These alterations, together with the enlargement of some louvre openings that had been already constructed for ventilation, and the formation of others, the constant whitewashing of all the buildings in hospital occupation, and recommendations to increase the water supply of the Barrack Hospital as much as possible by the ensuing summer, formed the substance of their suggestions.
No mention has been made of the staff of nurses working in these hospitals under the direction of Miss Nightingale. Their personal wants were few, and those almost exclusively supplied by Miss Nightingale from her own abundant stores.
The requisitions made on the Engineer department by Miss Nightingale herself were invariably in reference to the sick, whose sufferings she came to relieve, and that lady was always ready to exercise a reasonable patience whenever' an excessive pressure of work rendered difficult an immediate compliance with her demands.
Kui.ali.
With regard to the works at Ivulali, as has been stated in another part of this Report, the decision was taken in December 1854 to form a branch hospital establishment at this station. The buildings were but ill adapted for the requirements of the sick ; but such was the pressure for accommodation, that the best had to be made of the buildings placed at the disposition of the commandant.
The barrack establishment at Kulali was originally a cavalry barrack. It is situated on the edge of the Bosphorus, and is disposed in the shape of an open rectangle, one end and half of the two adjoining sides to which form the barrack, while the remaining half of the two sides and the other end are, or rather were, occupied by stables.
On high ground, about 200 yards to the south of the barrack, is situated the hospital belonging to the establishment, which at this period was occupied by Turkish troops. To the north, stretching along the water’s edge, are situated some buildings that were then used as commissariat and other stores, but were subsequently converted into stables and barracks ; and at the end of these is situated the riding-school.
The barracks are old, and were, when given over to the English, in a bad state of repair. Before rendering them habitable for sick, the flooring of most of the rooms had to be entirely Renewed, as also the windows and frames ; kitchens and privies had to be built; drains to bo lr iade, and the water supply to be increased. These works were, however, speedily effected, and die barrack building, which afforded accommodation for 610 patients, was occupied by sick by the Middle of January 1855.
The neighbouring hospital building, calculated to contain 250 sick, was given over to the British by the Turkish Government on the 20th January 1855. It was in a good state of repair, ^t required being thoroughly cleansed and whitewashed, as it had lately contained the worst ^ e Vcr and cholera cases of the Turkish troops ; it was also necessary to subdivide the corridors <lll d passages by partitions, to stop the draft, and to supply the whole building with stoves. These
Appendix No. 53.

294 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 53.
works, however, were commenced on the 22cl January; one-half the building was occupied by sick on the 30tli instant, and the remainder by the 5th February following.
On the 25th of January 1855 it was decided to convert the ridiug-scliool into a depot for convalescents. It was consequently boarded over, the ground being lirst covered with a thin layer of concrete ; the floor was subdivided by low partitions into 12 separate wards ; a new kitchen and privies, besides quarters for a medical officer, were built in the immediate vicinity ; a surgery and a medical store were partitioned off from the interior ; water was laid on from a neighbouring source ; and the whole, affording accommodation for 210 convalescents, was given over for occupation on the 6th February 1855.
By this date the supply of accommodation was evidently in advance of the demand, for the directing officer of Engineers on the 4tli February made an inspection of the buildings at Kulali that had up to that date been placed at the disposal of the medical authorities, when he found in the Barrack Hospital 210 vacant beds, and in the General Hospital 70, making in all available accommodation for 280 patients, which number on the 6th was increased to 490 at Kulali alone, by the completion of the riding-school establishment.
Such, however, was the uncertainty of the demand for accommodation, that it was deemed advisable to make still further preparations ; and, consequently, about the 12th February 1855 orders were given to adapt the stable portion of the establishment to hospital purposes for convalescents.
The amount of work entailed by this decision was great, as the buildings, even as stables, were bad; they were low in height, on sloping ground, and badly ventilated. With a view to prevent any effluvia rising from the ground that had been so long in use as a stable, the whole surface, after having been as thoroughly cleansed as possible, was covered with a thin layer of concrete, to which in many places was added a second layer, and the whole was then covered over with substantial flooring, descending in steps at intervals, to obviate the natural slope of the ground. The walls and ceilings were scraped, and covered with several coats of whitewash, openings being made at intervals in the latter for ventilation ; the windows were enlarged and renewed ; the roof repaired, and fitted with louvre ventilators ; new privies were built, and the whole of this portion of the building would have been available by the 5th April had not the Sanitary Commissioners, on the 29th March, ordered the entire removal of the ceilings- The directing officer of Engineers suggested the advisability of removing a width of five feet along the whole length on either side of the building, but leaving the ceiling in the centre, with a view to throw the volume of air contained between the ceiling and the roof into the main bulk for the use of the patients, but of retaining the ceiling in the centre of the building for pro- tection against the heat of the sun, which, in so low a building, would probably be severely felt by those inhabiting it during the summer months. To this, however, the Commissioners objected. Two-thirds of the building had been washed and cleansed ready for occupation, and now the work had, in a measure, to be undone. Additional hands were at once employed, and by the 20th April these stables were, after great exertion, got ready for occupation, affording acco®' modation for 400 convalescents.
Thus, therefore, at Kulali, by the 6th February 1855, had been prepared accommodation f° r 1,070 patients, which number was by the 20tli April following increased to 1,470.
On the 6th of March orders were given to prepare one of the buildings situated between tb e barrack and the riding-school for the reception of some of the horses expected shortly f r0tn England. Windows, doors, ventilators, and mangers had to be made, and the whole to b® whitewashed. An adjoining building had to be prepared for the use of the men in charge 0 these horses ; and on the 4th April a neighbouring Turkish house was given over to Engineer department to be arranged for the use of the nurses, who were then living in a P !l1 of the hospital, in attendance on the sick. The directing officer of Engineers found it ®° ^ difficult to satisfy the wants of the few fair inmates of “ the Home ” (as this house was aft el

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
295
Appendix No. 53.
Galata Serai.
The position of Galata Serai, obtained from the Porte by Lord Stratford de Redcliffe at the outset of the war, for the use of the British Government, is one of the most commanding in Pera. It occupies a shoulder overlooking the entrance to the Golden Horn, and its view extends from Scutari to the distant mountains on the Asiatic shore of the Sea of Marmara.
When received from the Turkish Government, the ground, containing an area of about five acres, was separated from the surrounding houses by an irregular and dilapidated wall. The enclosure thus formed was occupied merely by the ruins of a mosque and of a few other buildings, though the form of a large government establishment that had been destroyed by fire some years previously could be indistinctly traced.
On the 4th March 1855 it was decided that a depot for the Royal Artillery should be formed at Galata Serai, and 011 the 12th of the same month definite instructions were given to the directing officer of Engineers to construct stabling there for 450 horses, and barrack accommodation for 500 men, together with all their necessary adjuncts.
Some days were occupied in drawing the requisite plans, but on the 20th of the same month the works were commenced, and were pushed on with all possible vigour. It will be as well perhaps here briefly to describe the buildings that were erected as stables, as in the following winter stabling for about 4,000 horses was constructed by the Royal Engineer department at Scutari and in its vicinity ; and as the form adopted was generally found to answer, a description of it may possibly be of use to others.
The stables built by the department were, as a general rule, 65 feet wide, intended for the accommodation of four rows of horses across the breadth of the building, the two outer rows having their heads towards the sides of the building, the two inner rows their heads towards the centre, the partition between these latter being boarded sufficiently high to prevent their seeing one another. The lieel-posts for the outer rows of horses were placed 12 feet from the sides of the building, and the heel-posts for the inner rows were placed 8 feet 6 inches from those for the outer, giving thereby this latter width for a passage down the length of the building ; a width of 5 feet, subsequently reduced to 4 feet 9 inches, was allowed per horse. The buildings were 14 feet in height to the eaves, and, when the whole building was roofed in one span, the height of the ridge was 28 feet. In many instances, however, the roofs were made in a double span, when the height of the ridge was 21 feet. Ventilators were left in the roof, generally on the ridge, by raising a false ridge, and sloping it off on either side to overlap the real roof. A space of some inches was always left open along the whole length, under the eaves, at each side of the building ; and, to insure due ventilation, a board at the lower extremity of each side was made moveable on a hinge along the whole length of the building, which could be opened at will. In addition to which, much ventilation was always insured through the use of tiles for a covering to the roof, and their Weight also tended to give stability to the buildings, which were invariably of wood, and often in most exposed situations.
The mangers were at a height of 2 feet 6 inches from the ground. They were 1 foot wide at tlie bottom, 16 inches at the top, and were covered with pitch, to prevent the horses gnawing the Wood. The stalls had an inclination of 9 inches from the front to the rear, and along each side of passages that ran down the length of the stables were surface gutter drains. In cases where
wards called), than he did of the many who were at Scutari under the immediate eye of Miss Nightingale.
On the 16th February the whole of the establishment was in danger of being destroyed by fire, which broke out in one side of the extra kitchens that had been constructed. It was saved owing to the presence of mind and personal exertions of an Engineer officer who was at the time one of the sick inmates of the hospital at Kulali, assisted by a sergeant of Sappers.

296 APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 53.
the available space would not admit of broad buildings, as in two out of the four blocks of stabling built at Galata Serai, the buildings were made 34 feet in width, 12 feet 6 inches being for the stalls at either side, and 9 feet for the intervening passage.
By the end of May these works were finished, and ready for occupation, there having been constructed, in addition to the barracks and stabling above enumerated, quarters for 13 officers, two kitchens, two privies, and a wash-house, an hospital for 60 men, besides one ruin having been converted into a large forage store, another into a blacksmith’s shop, and a third into a powder magazine and orderly room.
Towards the close of the winter 1854-55 the first firing of foreign ordnance on terra Jirma that had for centuries been heard within the walls of Constantinople announced to the astonished inhabitants of Stamboul that their Sultan was, for the first time on record, a guest at the house of a giaour, a spectator of, if not a participator in, the festivities of a fancy ball. That ball was given by the British ambassador, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, and the royal salute fired on the occasion proceeded from British ordnance at Galata Serai.
Seraglio Point.
Early in April 1855 the storekeepers’ department being much pressed for room were obliged to occupy a long range of dilapidated stores that had been placed at their disposal by the Turkish Government. To render them capable of supporting the heavy weights they were destined to bear, the floors had to be strengthened ; the roof also and the windows and doors needed repair, and the whole required a thorough cleansing ; all of which was done by the Royal Engineer department, together with the construction of quarters for the men in charge of these stores.
In the ensuing month, however, this department required additional accommodation for their stores ; a new building was therefore set in hand on a piece of vacant ground in the vicinity that had been placed at the disposal of the commandant, and by the end of the month it was ready for occupation. Subsequently, three corrugated iron stores, supplied from England, were erected on the adjoining ground.
On the 20tli Marcli 1855 the directing ofiicer of Engineers received orders to construct a commissariat store at Abydos, in the Dardanelles ; he had consequently to detach his then only assistant to make the necessary arrangements. This store was given over to the Commissariat department early in the month of May following.
In the execution of all the works above enumerated, the difficulties to be overcome were, considering the proximity of the scene of operations to an immense capital, perhaps greater than would at first sight be imagined. All water transport was performed by lighters (maouna), a good day’s work for one of which consisted in crossing the Bosphorus and discharging its load; but the men in charge of the lighter would never offer the least assistance, either towards its loading or its discharge, both of which operations had to be performed by separate gangs of men ; for if men (natives) were placed on a lighter to load and discharge it throughout its employ at any particular work, they were immediately impeded by the carriers (hamals) belonging to the districts between which the lighter was plying ; these carriers paid a yearly tribute to the Government for the exclusive privilege of performing all paid carrying labour required within their district; it was therefore necessary to have your lighter charged by one set of men, discharged by another set, and neither would perform any other labour than that of carrying.
Of land transport there was a greater choice, the option being between men, animals, and carts drawn by bullocks.
The carts of the country were of the roughest possible construction, without sides ; and as most of the roads of the neighbourhood were of the worst description, animals, i.e. donkeys, were preferable as a means of transport, but they were slow and unsatisfactory in the extreme ; rough stone for building purposes, tiles for roofing, lime, sand, &c., had to be slung on their backs, planks

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 297
trailed by them on either side, and as, from their size, they were capable of carrying but a very limited quantity at one time, it would have been hopeless to attempt to collect the mass of these animals that would have been required for all the above mentioned works; for it must be remembered that the French, as also contractors in every direction, were carrying on, simultaneously, works of almost equal magnitude to those of the English Government. The men were perhaps upon the whole to be preferred, wherever the nature of the transport would permit of their being employed. They carried prodigious weights, and with tact a very good day’s work could be got out of them; but if attempt was made to drive or ill use them, they became at once lazy and ill-tempered.
The supply of labour was also a constant difficulty, owing to the immense demand there was for it. They were of all nations, Italians, Greeks, Turks, and Jews, the three latter keeping different days as their Sunday, and all having different and innumerable fast days, on which nothing would ever induce them to work. All adhered closely to their own class of work, and required a vigilant watch kept over them to obtain anything like a fair day’s work from them.
The supply of material in the market was generally equal to the demand, enormous as that at times was, but the difficulty of obtaining transport always caused anxiety, whenever the supply on hand became much reduced. In the execution, therefore, of all the works enumerated in this Report, transport was ever the leading difficulty to be overcome, the supply of labour and material being on the whole adequate, though uncertain.
(Signed) E. A. Gordon,
Captain R.E. and Brevet Major.
Appendix No. 54.
Description of the Lines in front of Balaklava, by Major Elphinstone, R.E.
Previous to the battle of the 25th October, the works for the defence of Balaklava consisted only of four batteries (C, D, F, and H, Plan No. Y.) armed with guns of position, which were placed along the principal points and protected by parapets of slight profile ; and of a small portion of breastwork on the heights at the extreme right of the position (at A).
In addition to these works, which constituted the inner line of defence, a second or outer line was commenced on the 7tli October, by order of the Commander-in-Chief, about 2,000 to 2,500 yards in front, to crown the line of low eminences which, from the village of Kamara, extend in a westerly direction across the plain of Balaklava. Three small redoubts, and subsequently a fourth, had been hurriedly executed along this line by the Turks, under the direction of Lieutenant Wagman, Acting Assistant Engineer, and they had been armed with seven 12-pounder iron guns. But these works, being of very slight profile, were little calculated to resist a powerful attack, and they were too far to the front to be properly supported; so that on the 25th October, when the enemy with numerous forces advanced to the attack, he was enabled to carry them almost without opposition ; and the British troops, therefore, never even attempted to re-occupy them.
Since the battle, however, the close proximity of large forces] of the enemy’s troops necessitated the construction of more perfect defences for the protection of Balaklava, which place it was °f paramount importance to secure against any attack that might be made against it, as it formed l he only base of operations of the British Army. A series of field works were therefore com-
1 .
Appendix No. 53.
Appendix No. 54.
P P

298
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix No. 54.
menced along the position which had previously been selected by the Engineers for the series of batteries we have termed the inner line. These works were laid out at first by Captain (now Lieut.-Colonel) Stanton, in a continuous line of slight profile ; and, as subsequently the means and opportunity were afforded, they were gradually enlarged and, improved under the direction of Lieutenant Elphinstone, until they constituted a most formidable position, extending from the French lines near the village of Kadikoi on the left to the heights (A), called the Marine heights, on the extreme right, and they were armed with no less than 37 guns, varying in calibre from the 6-pounder to the 32-pounder gun, and from the 12-pounder to the 8-inch howitzer.
The key of the position was unquestionably the height (A) on the extreme right, for it commanded the whole extent of the lines, and took in reverse several of its most important batteries ; but this height was, at the same time, the strongest part of the line. On the south the cliffs descended so precipitously to the sea as to prevent the possibility of turning the position’and gaining access to Balaklava by the water’s edge ; and on the east a very deep and precipitous ravine, the slopes of which were covered with short prickly brushwood, separating these heights from the ground in front, rendered the ascent very difficult and almost impracticable, even under the most favourable circumstances ; and although the ground in front of this position was elevated, and even commanded the Marine heights, yet its distance was too great to render this superior elevation as to position of any practical utility to the enemy.
During the reconnaissance of the 2nd November, the Russians brought up some 32-pounder howitzers, but found that the guns could not range further than half way across the valley.
The only place, therefore, where the Marine heights could be assailed, was by the narrow ledge which connects them with the high ground to the eastward ; but this ledge, over which the road from Baidar passes, was too narrow to admit of the enemy’s advancing with a great extension of front, and it was, besides, well defended.
A battery of four guns (two 12-pounder howitzers and two 32-pounder howitzers) was placed (at A) to sweep its entire extent, and about 400 yards further to the north (half way between the points A and B) two 24-pounder howitzers were mounted in battery to take it in flank. Across the Baidar roadway itself, and about 200 yards in front of battery A, a large cutting had been made, which extended on one side to the edge of the cliffs, and on the other as far as the steepness of the ground would admit; beyond which a .treble row of “ trous-de-loup,” carefully hid amidst the brushwood, had been constructed half way down the valley. The cutting was 10 feet deep and 12 feet wide, and strengthened by a stout oak “ fraise it was seen into from the battery (A) above, and was under a strong musketry fire from an advanced loopholed trench for about 30 men. This advanced trench was connected with the Marine heights above by :l covered pathway that, unseen by the enemy, wound round the edge of the cliffs, and thus enabled the picquet to retreat unmolested, should they be forced to abandon the advanced trench.
As a further means of securing this position, a small square redoubt (50 yards each side) had been constructed on the most southern or' highest point, to answer as a rallying place for the men in case the lines were forced. The parapet was 6 feet high, with a banquette in rear, and a ditch in front 9 feet wide and 6 to 7 feet deep. It was excavated for the most part out of the solid rock, and required a great amount of blasting.
From this redoubt the works of defence continued in one unbroken line to the plain Balaklava as far as battery No. 4, which was likewise an enclosed work, but of greater p re " tensions than the one on the Marine heights, as it defended the main entrance into the harbour of Balaklava.
It was armed with six heavy guns, all of which (but those used exclusively for flank> n » defence) were mounted “ en barbette.” The parapet had a superior slope of 9 feet; and tlm ditch was 6 feet deep and 8 feet wide; and it was surrounded in front by several rows 0

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 299
“ trous-de-loup,” and by a strong abattis formed of the trees which previously had adorned the village of Kadikoi. This fort was defended by English troops, and was powerfully flanked by the batteries No. 3 (F) and No. 5 (I), armed respectively with five and six heavy guns.
The low ground between batteries Nos. 3 and 4 (F and II) was the weakest point, and the lines at this place were completely commanded by the ground in front; great pains were consequently taken to improve this part as much as possible. At E, F, and H were placed flanking guns, so protected from the enemy’s fire or view in front as to enable them to reserve their full force, when required, for flanking ; and on a knoll (K) in rear of the line were placed three 32-pounder guns to bear directly on the elevated ground in front and to sweep the low ground, should the lines be forced. Strong abattis were placed in front of all the salient points, and extended right and left as far as the means admitted (vide sections a c and c d), and the extensive vineyards occupying this portion of the line were converted into “ trous-de-loup,” which, as well as the ditches of the lines, were constantly kept filled with water by means of damming up the small stream that traversed the valley. This dam was made use of as a further means of defence by digging in front of the embankment pitfalls three feet deep, and “ trous-de- loup” (vide section e f ), which were hid from view by being constantly kept covered with from two to four feet of water.
The continuous line varied in profile according to the nature (vide sections) of the ground, and the revetments were either built with stones or turf-sods, whichever were nearest at hand. Along the low ground the banquettes were built entirely with large stones, and well drained in rear. Several good roads of communication were made from one part of the line to the other, practicable for guns as well as horses.
From the close and continued study which had been obtained of the position, the trace of the line was gradually altered, and so closely adapted to the ground that there was not a single portion which was not thoroughly swept both by a cross and flank fire of musketry, and nearly everywhere by artillery.
Appendix No. 54.

L O N D O K :
Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty.
For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.

EETIE I
/10 aarnnpanr the-R^wSan-Oi^Sie^e 0?'. ^asropai.}
PLAN SHEWING 2 ? PERIOD OF THE BATTLE.
'rj>hy A .$;-
Psj
,,,
ri l«e
is
PLAX OF THE
03 * THE ALMA
Sketched by the/
©fftrrrs of Ron al (Enninrrrs.
SECTION OF THE GROUND IN FRONT OF 18 GUN BATTERY , STORMED BY THE BRITISH TROOPS.
5 a § 5
SECTION OF THE GROUND CARRIED 8YTHE FRENCH TROOPS.
4 <4
fafortnW
> / Sst
tef
> 5 ?
■/■i*
m
csa
He Positions & Movements of theBntish Troops inserted. hyCoP HAM ILTO N C.B. G r G ris
Scale for Plan, 4 Indies to 1 Mile.
zoo 60 o i ? * a 6 7 6 9 >ooo Yards.
Scale, for Sections. oeVo -to -to-tos-
REFERENCE.
^ A
\
;. <■-.«?-■/.'■■■■ ■r.-.gte:
C=> 1
I T*
A
Vor-x-
'm
thfigssj
■ul f
ri"
Moscow ft?
cA
mmim
I
^-iMJmti Am <>P \
6 ^.iS y JT
,A^g
:S' -ritriiMpyjm
&.~si 0 :{
**■ m,
AIoYemmls of (lu* British .Ariitr.
A. A . English Army deployed preparatory to the Attack, covered ly S/arrmshcrs of 2 n ABaitJftiflc Brigade.
// //. L/gkt and.7 s fDzrzsions acb-emdrtg towards thc/Urrr.
C, (,’. J^FZJhf adi-ratcing. Pennefafhcrs Brigade and die ri-7 /y * hy toe toft of toe fll/age. the-ril'd and 4,9*1 through the T7dnge/ ; die. lift leading.
.7)1). D. -17.and :l9-Jlegimr/ris reforming trader carer of avail afterpassing the Ullage, the dismisses the. Hirer A a ford.
E.E..F. Camp drills Brigade 3 r fDivl and the. 23 th 'ftigimrnt of Ft res brigade adrtmeing in support of the ri n f.ftir/sion.
Co dr lag tons .Brigade withpartofthc. 18? and ,9b? L zStarming thegreat.Battery.
G. G. The 77?* and 68? forming stpuare <dier crossag the Elver on the appearance ofiffussum. Coro In- on their
left flank.
11 JI. .Pemit fathers Brigade Jkeri/uj the. attack of the.Ba/ter}- fy Co Jrirujtar/s Brigade aadk9?a/id rib?ftcg?
f .1. Erst Dn-isum crossing thedtirerin support ofLight .Division.
N . B. 77w mnnhers and names Irion • tht • lines . shen • the in/nders and names oftheEcgit/ie/d,'/,
7'hr mannas chore the lines , denote the Casualties in those fty/ime/it?.
oi'W;
, o<*
tSS’fci.
< i
n sofV°'
t / 1'oriZ
■■■ i dm--sShimsM-■ ■■■■■;■
c=l CSJ.
3 ^mi
'-d-a
Hdi
TV.
iourJiouk
REFERENCE
To Plan, shewino 2 “ f, perioiof tiieBattle.
JC.K. Adyancc of-Brigade of Guards to attack the Jiatteo'-
1.1. The hhsilecr Guards and. Codringtonls Brigade reforming near the .liver.
Jf.Jf. Hussion Columns issuing Cram the Totten- and aelrantzhg an.Pr/sdeers.
TP The left Svddhisim. ot CfrenlCtwds thrown hark to pnor orilankmg lire into the advancing Columns of
.Russians.
0. Adame of Brigade of Guards and Capture oftheBattery.
P. P. Deplome/Uinto Imr of 77?and88?/ram. Gpuare.
Q. Q. • llighland Brigade relievbgJhdftrsBrigade^ the centre of63 T^p&isirg through.. V°1 Col of 77?.
P. R...R. Adt anee oftheE^Ohisian after Capture oftheBattny.
S. S.. d?and ril?Reg? of3 rd Jjirision. uruler carer of the emhankment, in support of Guards Brigade.
T. T- Flank movement ofPennefathers Brigade to theright on the advanceddieBrigads. of Guards.
V.C.CF-U! Adams Brigade crossing the Hirer, advancing in Columns, and- farming tine to the left, near die fro Guns drought
up 6y order of lord Bggii/i.
W. H^. 7 6 f Derision after the Actim.
T. T- PH T/ftbisinn a/hr the Actum/.
J r . l r . 3 r f./Jiiszon aftertl- Actum.
X. X. Light Diyisim. after the Action..
The Light Garalry were on the left flunk.- theJ^or ColEi.Bru/atGri- ^Baisio/iwas shout 2 Milts in rear of ike. Held- of Sadie*
The 2 n dar Torres!Brigaded Fftmsion. was on the Heights ofAcBidganak and reached the hirouac of the/3rids ft Army at nig hi.
* Highlanders-
\»iv
TasTiasdar
77 88 19 2i
LIGHT** HT DIVISIONS ADVANCING
33
,S > 0 *
ri -
4d V ,
' a Ncing^
( F
B
' S K I R “ I s H E
LIGHT DIVISION ?'q Brown. ^77
IP DIVISION // I.'I/./J orCambridgt’
BuXUr
Codrington.
C.CaTTipbelL
1 ^oEpt^
Jjmtinrk/
Rl@"
s ' oS =
E
OpPO gT
.E
Pennrfatlur
27 2? DIVISION
4-1 E\ '<1/1 n
A
t \'
t t
{ t
t i t
t / t
‘ t •- vV s
v -n e. ri a T t ( i “ti Ft
t t t
pm a tain aic
t t
t. .- .t
€m',
1 t
v division 6 ' It
^mrodarr.
division
■I
, 5 A 5
t; t t
t t
11 : v. x -
•^Wi ** . *
>'
>
O
O
England
N.B. lhe> A.3- 4-49 1 Reg* mowd off"to the* support of the Brigade of Guards, pre\'ioas to the remainder of the- 3*?Division, being deployed.
I S . T BRIG. 4 T . M DIVISION
4-.- DIVISION
Torey ^
a b E “
O G H H
a. + + Lo/srmel ji iirdto'
NOTE The- left banJc of the f'iver \'dries in height irom 8 to 16 feel. $• is perpendicular. The right bank - is not guile so high.. The- ground, or the-Forth. Side of the. river stapes wry gently to the bank and is nearly flat about the Milages The. ground about the Yines-aids is ir/*v much broken, unci intersected nidi stone uvdl? and fences.
wmm English Troops before the- Battle. \ K French Troops before the Battle.
—- D? D? during the Battle, csz Russians.
V
l,iihiH/rttfjhrft A’ Emttrrt irtthe Toj.tyyrttf’huuil Tiepin WAS DEPARTMENT, tinder the Jlirrctunt t if CAPT * ELPHINSTONE. R.£
ft. JAhfhS (<)/. ‘ A*. A . Sitperinierubnt
PI ATE IT
(To accompany the/RepoTiy-m, the-Siege- ofScGa-dopoi ‘
rsigSKiSSp--
YftV" 1
TO
tin* ffli’st itf tlic of
1S111I1,
( IN THE KHERSONESUS)
Shewing die LJ?j£ 0 ? ^. 7 ©Sill) constractedfor THE HEFE5CE OT THE ISTHMUS.
- Jr— -i-
Giltii-ated OrouTid-.
:nfe
ji®
*
""imXLir-"- J'-'-'Si
. F.Jri
WM-
ri.
■ui-'.s. e- j.
.310'
*t$ra re *Yarct%
m
- 'ApI/JJ//. : -
ft
280.
W-
riw--
; Wriri. mri-irim;
. ^MSfijVtnViijtonv.. •P?#if
-' O' \'\\Uuu'. 11i‘i'’i,,'UT.-.-Li\\\ Av.-t j- '
ft
/ r:
Wk
-ftp
-y■-ri-f.'y.'crii-
■^%7StSp^gi
ho ir CuUh -aied Grvund-
300\\ \
ill-
? R'
ri> os t D
IPfe
iVJS-AVii
: SE--J.
'Mh
mri II
Tri-Pl
W dm.
m.
AM
Y-.Y-
-ri-
-t;
-'riri
■ in £
iut o ria
t h r o u q' Ji Lines.
'■ -
Ports Napoleon and Victoria.
lErvndi- dodo.
do.
REFERENCE.
The dotted- lines shew the oripisutl trace proposed by Sir lohn, Burgerne.
The-firm, lines shea- the v\x>rks that n-ere executed ■ A If English portions of lm<s commenced.
B C.l
I) E.>
K JF, do. do. do- traced.
F. to Sea. not decided upon
Cr.Pentagon commenced by the ’kngltsTi.
II. /{e.t-agon do do Trench .
The. Forts hw not completed to the ProfUe shewn. The gorge of Tort Victoria- as well as the advanced work on the, left we/e not e-ceented The figures ( 370 ) denote the ITeights in feel ahore Nigh water mark.
AS
3)
S. 410-1
w
m.
i-
r!
■*##'
^' J V
plK i
■ JM
m-i
■ri,
•v
-"tv,, ri- ■
toV:-
Hr//,
r toi*
Jfuts for Or.
An.
^eaurriht, -.
• 5
. . . vy fJA-. . ^.—•—i ribrifyrb Ertgmeax Bh/t/sh
%ri Y F ar ^ ■ Burieikffowul'
OfficerriJfut*'.
-:•<'■ Uf 1:
■ri-
Tf
Welt*
-1,1
'■ft
SOO 230 tOO ISO lOO SO O
w
Scale for Plan.
. aif'
Port Sultan.
> Feet
<lAmw
/rt 7J 7 >ugr,tfihirnt T>q>6t WAR DEPARTMENT, Under- tlte IXreaust of CAPT" ELPHtNSTONE R E.
//• JAMES It 1. Snperinlerutml

PLATE L/l. 1 To aceom/xmy the Re/xu-l on the Sie./e of Scvasto/>ol
\olokuu I owt*i
r'
ywMiyo'M,
ij
■vei
i WiM\40 ..
J Barracks
■jrOj _.
y^y
v , iwtyV
j SlMicIiacL >>.,
r or( Constantine
Fort v CiidHTinv:
..A&WA
s \ i: n 7- ,/
fort Alexander.
tori Paul
;:^S
(.hirtrantiiM'Jr'^ Vovt^-
tyX ii
w\ A*%m<iduc
VWiIlorA
Amm
...ti"'
\,( vmLm
'jut J;.
^4;
faui/an.ri,
ANCIENT KHERSON
«*////>
JJatter\
yaar.attuu
l hh ml
QtnipaiiliuoV^.Ji
v,'^ 1NK|RMANN RUINS
s-rnt
JlasiioiL
Jiattet
O '
jtuum
I
STItE J.ITZIx.P H.t }
(u»i*vaiss
J 4
A "jj //oX/ttXt/
n 7 .,«✓ o /'JA • _J\
A ^
Lunette
pjiftth
6»
.""n
\ / ' - Hdi-i ju'k
f r//«7c/tt
( eiih'rtl
usIion'^iZ 4 '
lie* I an
306
wy%M
Stores
S’ iti’\O0 the f
I. K o F I N K ]•: it M .
0
ith/fif Z a/tra^h-t
i l'UVSV,
Jlatterv
V iff xX/iatteri
it
v Stores Ifiitr \ !-V • •
— - > tl<»
•Sh A\ fhm/i -.^.
Catn/t y
■f
; W
»r
Tla,*t.fr*j®
•' \P. (cnicler\§p
Iiasliou
-V
Victoria'J0,
a®;
- Statue.
y£iinner\
p' y ' .E./tti/>a<rc<
Stabtf
mW ■ a . 'Mi/it,n'r< a/ift Par/,
Observatory^ P \
^Jlor/arJti&e,
y\/'/Tftr// .Ir/tf/rrv <<intj>
tt'.Yoraf V'A .
':f iiov/'t/a/.
KjJlatW
Stabftw
Mi 3 WS
, ,, trittfttemattf ^ ^SunjJTr,
■jeHn&liuA
: mthinat Ct
\'i I jg Vi^|.
j"
PV
m % ##'©■ 1
• ^ ^0' ^. A , :'o \Jfui//.t
icaster
/{ AML /.; V
m
^ A:?PicicetJit
l AM-. 'V Ziahthnuse
KHK RSON K S K //,;// " /W
/ etuetei
■ « %,JS*u<&<L* m, '^ y
MWi/nL/ttiLf
• ^ - II •
V^.x Hfe: vi;
| 'W. . - “t'■
A "'"t Jurt/ '
'tttij.vaiusft \ * <k . !!/%if£: \
* •• IjuiIi? 1 '.
^y« l,unl ^; : r
x ««.]>,
x ■ HiEnaineersPurk Burial (•tpwais ; : ,4}>/n:
%A\; ' Jp.ttu/. %%' : Seauuf.efourV,//,A." 77+
\
< ouut//.rsoriat S/ot
>A W‘"" x l
^ ^ |/ **
//
amirs . y ./■ .v \
/ re/tc/t
t/eaif. (Jitart&s
uiisyy j; ,. (> „ ( .
Eitfilish Have Conn
Sf’ruUfitiJU ».
hutbt.s
* -f-\ Jim «&'<••
A ^ \x
>1 111% v/t -v j: 7 x 3' r mamr//.
fly a! Oaarti Zflourth Div'.'
■itt'r
I7\" 4i
1 ’asK»v ■ - : '-57* SLY /
C/tTHCARTS>ILL j/,,,,, <>: 0 i , n , mf jji v ,
' ' ye , ^ '
SO*;. Ee/f - J '- tyir " WK '
//A 0/ ,t AVa/a/eersPorlc ..' ^
"• ' 'z ...
iSanliiuan \a/etfe
Pitujuet Ho. /(rubft S.
fe
/ , i"tiii>
Slot
Maistui <1 eau J
V y \/of'the *i>ji'eilt($lf&?/</>f>/ y^Kt^rZTOft i- /
r-r s y i-- ^ ii .
■ ' .-A’** • /VSeeAiu! Division ^
(Ttnij TPi
Ir/tll' 1 ?
',• ntjtupatfett Mi/itahr.t
m- Jif sfc memm
-JiS,
Bats
Ba I
. . J.iiltei'tftl
Vr'l'n
•*#§>-■ jpV' :- ttz^
: -2?1 111 I*<I .1/ . >
,. rourtli
a»^s
V \ Trench llalvery ‘ i./ I J ' ‘k A\.„;n„aes - "' l: ^
Muten/itr:' ' . . f Z./V
“ '(aee Si.l Oil'. Si.
" t-'
PretivHt bure/t
IJvl »>U
«^ £S .^
W'W v --y :
y.. .
< aia/y- \\
Miyt>n>ot-y tr "‘A J Apo%
'eeyfft*ff,/or they ,' N
tVahe btint/Ap. Inn v i
{iuarrtey.
'/■I /
A «' ;<i‘iiin,i.s.s;iri7ti
heft! JrtfHerx
rri /ic/t Jr/if/rr\
rreurlt \ Em/ineers/’arfv '.
^ 'term//
., L.tiia/xif/i ' y ■
- M/itaires , > (W/w»
K H .'
* Ere/teb L'uai/iirr.
war
I' i i'« t
;. .../^v/AwPy J Afaaaii'ue.v '
Iftt/erau
P/ae,
m*. r-
'[•///'J
" l ;,ip.;/. l / / ;
^ fl ■
WfmYl
■ W.\ f •Mu/a.rsariut 1 !y
f ft tap t/titf S'ta/f/rsY
SutlersJfats
■•>-. V- i yyyf'nYtr/t.trinv>
1 rlu)]*o*oim
freueh
JLat/aii/tes
rettefi
( fN/t !>
M' * x # o
^Ai/ft/myr., a ■ French 3i- v
, ,:y\vv;
Jkktf >it<ig\ 'AkjfMjfo
Is o -
iry'/'fl#
' il- '/.v.- ih*ad Ouartei
Hritb/t
) KarloA’ka
Brtihft
'-i'V"' 1 //;
ffu/<-/v/ta /‘faros’'
v'^; rre/te/t Ipftl/f/issarittt
^wj^/yiVMwV/// Ltattet
^//i^ '^S/- k’rrttr/t i’ant/t
""" "
(hum
jlillisli Head Quarlers
A I'ruetir J'tu-m
Site o/' Litfht ('avt/Lrv (b'H'!‘
L'rr/a/j V.
i,„, 0-- - '4, A \\
HAITI.K OF HAI-AKI.*V' a
•>.'>!!' Oe/olxr IS'/
French :
f o/nnii.f.tar/at
lUith'i,
v®\ %'-irti/fefv<‘.y... ;A
V- m Ai muMA "■'.£
f Ohl ttus.au/1
'k •/,
v- : :
b22^^C Position
«/*
/-•. /• c // c // r o /\ />
/ r// 'tf/tru ^\\\V
'ofliT/ic/wic/tt.i
Vi V- . *
'*. t l !
.■"{A'"A, 1 'Yf, im (a/nfur tfe f e</tafnu/e ,
'Si'k//'W'. # '••>. ,X"S.eAlfllBare ■ {n ,l(Mk-
AlmM/.S’ m .
ittitw
french
onwn.wvartat
orenfneitin- the funr.e , ;•'/•
v . ANCIENT
Heat!(imfrtert€0%\ ^ mk-T*- f,UINS •
Jlovar.Irtifter^A = •«>.
onanissarntt
■S/l g lot’/P: tjaarters
Burnt
i -Jtrou/ttf
Mt/ttfSy
'"■mw/mct
lr!!SUJUkk>'!.nc
fJe/tof
'5: , "»/«
Bnee Court
f
Position^ .
//<• / artifferie fie reserve tie fa (iarde tlt‘:i Eotpereur |/ «« /
W ".'"
WIMS
Jlrithf
Bunt
T.iuiuTi , aiisport\.: Camp
ftnabol
S* Ccneraf Marm
f>/./ I inev.trtt ;•
r <li n i a p
- s/imm
■ ■■ ■'■■-TimSfSrr'- ■'• .-•fJ'’'' ■ ’ :: W^i ||.3.v^,v. v .
,.,«r"' .:.^ 5 - ■
1 IB~Sl •: . \
Kanulfa
1 O/nar Pttshax
Betfonht
~ Sprout
JJTC.I...
:jf:(h/<trtxrA,
Oltt Yinevunf °Tf Yanyacl •'
?;/ B'""
*Nff «)
flotimtnfjt '
» reft
x ,/v r,';'• '■ , 'f^ lf ,y ).
"M'r.
.H£
Jiripotff ■
mm: mm
Cadi IvVii'.I
/£.//../
-i ami)
JltithlafuCDivision
r vrV p .h>^
s-yy' •f-B.it/te/
aI „ Be/tie/ .truer > '
"’Jiux.turs - ’
“ l.Battery
>"Sisv\vv^-.;--: ...
. '•. lotiaia.r.vftrta/ •••;.
r>/' 77 /A
vhacks a>id alued amuies
BEFORE
J r rJ
7 .•,'\\#«fe
fSr.u^ArlJi]- ‘ • '
:_A[’.//affet
; m m-A**
iL.w.im' r -
k' ..J'..ii .1 Pfflr" ■'k§PikffmA\'' 4 'A r ’’ "■ wMlliiiihillfj’!
*^5> , y.-V::,'.'.' //
i.rni:[ i ' *
fep \Yyy A-iiyiiyy
Fymsssmm. -
..'immimXf'
‘•dutiljjj.'A ;'.
NV ? I*
Vi
mums
vSt/uiu/rauu
■-...""A'nv i'v
aim
Monastery
'tthlaiuietKf,.
J850;
c *
f /////•<
. ,#
Wr
rjdo 6
\ atevnea
■ mmem
A'-'-C / ;'7 / /;f l /(tun yyy:::
no . .
u\(}f "
. ;
MHir
•Ntfe
t H-rl
,S wrn’rv/ </■ J/rmnt /n CufX'! (o<, IitiiJi /Inin, /'/.'-//I/■, p/j>/iinsft>iu’, i!UIII><(■//uui, ,///,A/'.''7//, .A////'.'’, ('.(j.flonton.Sr/ufc/t/ev t(/to/imt/v, o/'/Jn’Ittn'ot Jiiu/intvr.v.
mi! (ii/il 1 .' Jiii/</n in, .'ip//let/! Lieuf. (Irinlinlon ,./'/< />,.,// Jxxixlitnt Knijimrrs.
I’.uoravcd at the Ordnance Survey Oilicc Soiilluimploii,iivlfl.'){ , >jlln ,](-)■ the direction of I. 1 . Col! Cameron,K.E COLONEL .IA.MES.1LK. l ll.S. M.U.l.A. S |TKI1I.\T]'.\1)I..\T.
Scale ol two InchcH to a Statute Mil.
; J///,

OF THE
BY THE
PLATE IV.
(T& cux&mpanf' th^R^art-on RieSiege of Sebastopol.
smmmm,
5%S:W.s
- /gwpiV'if
i: '\VvSS
SS*8SSSrt3&*
. j: '
Fort Loros UzntinF
Wmm
^ \jjj/>j'S' '' '
■'TV rV “ ‘"' ""
mn
W\YO- -
^s;v5—-*»•** ' ’ : ;U,* T '??iT s • ’-' * ' ' >‘\\\‘
PY 1 's 1 *! 4 !’.';; !*! ' -'
’ UV.V- ’’i\N v X s . - Y''''
• i'i |![.,v
llii'.AJA,
FM
\vvv v; ''•:,
■V,
hi llntif
:p t i
1
liPn
"SF.-m,
; : i ; /•>/;.•,
Fort
SicJiolas
Lm-.. -Ivit'.^.....««}; ^' ; -
' ‘ ■ ■■ 'Ulln-
For#
jRtUti
■ T j Tfi^l ito. • ■mn^'Jiii. .
‘U;-giinlj^ .I uui lii.
l1 "" •'HUUtjn.....iM3kttk._'. .
«ltt' '.\u'‘ '" 1 “">" ““'
■JSiteY.'“' •■'*#'*"
. . . •\YAViilia&
- -^SiM*....“"
i?m\h
Quaruuhtu
( t( i. _ ...iiiiuu u i
f\
M
■ ..yii))i.. t iuui i .
mm a
.uniiMi
-- ''_'■ ■ vh., . 'V'i.>..l'A!:. _ _
mmm.
ttwub
WMM/t'm
V .■■.-.■■ . . •... A,.;:*/#::'
;'.'.'Vff \\\\" '.'LL■ ''
“■S •J.U.!*..
Mi
.UiJj.'J, . •
... rtUiu t h . /L. . ,... . .
—// _ ...
\ y'V^'U
'yV '^' N -\^> s \\>‘ : ’ u n f \S•''Yu\\\Y' .v'^S’ySS NX
y /X\ J / /
.■3—~
Wk ;i SS- 'WS
1<1<Am,
.-•...vuKt«U(.
OY/M
5r—r ,,\i‘rrn,-, Ot/t/L z-'A
Hwi
..i
» [i/( . .ii.
-■*^*WO.\WMu ni» )) ».ni. .. tii miniiin ; ,« ih/ ii h ii k ..
■1
mm
S V I? I? K li
■ -^(.. .
,..i l ^ t , r’“ '"” > ' ^'• '-■’- Il ‘ < -
> A C I K N T
mmma
CH UK SXips?:
ssaass*-.*^.^.
: Slk h.i
mmm
mmi
mmvmm
mmmmm
Si^wav-
mwm^m
wMmtm
imm
l&SJffe
HH
..A KL.
—>u.L^*~. :~
4 > ...
mvn"
Opo.y: /Ani ' • \'Y
\‘Vv
^V'i'.Vi'.'' ; ;vb
.SPY
INKERMAN ks; «
.v/y^
!-.'- , -'- ,, . i iV//7/. . ''A
" S'v
Wwwmmmmmm.
g|»>. m > .
.,..n
MM
WAV]
‘.-af>y
s\\"'ll
- --
■ U .«UI> ' Mr. _
mm?
.'■n\\\
tmmumm
■" ->j
*r
vfyffySS .
mmps;
.. i l’ Li f Hf.
ij Skua-id™'-
{f mm.
Uion&e
EOS^ il
WmiimS
Ijervaiss iiattery
'P?0£=S
: mmw £<mf:
,ub« 10,1^™
. . UtL-
. • .■•‘in l^F'A
F'-'FL-i ‘
TW'S Y
lirtfaiffiS.
Cemetf^t
waS-. ‘ :: -'L,m
• 'lOi_- nia/il'^riU/
d
^ . ^.^oiaijukUjc.-
9 P-J2- .
. . ,i,i>...i^w- i!iv-
mi miijn]
wmy
mmimmy
mm
_t. •uJJikl.y 1; ,
■ Sfm.r IrSruifX'■■ :f i
''S/ifApyP'F y '
: ■: ■;■»
i WiS,
mm
■filial h .»..
.u i ..Uiv YY ..
Bh rrack Batt*‘rv
sm.
. .^1(1
iPT^t/iu) (i
■ ; WmSn |////'WiJSffl
Battery
. ~^UU
’^iiannjjr/. . ./(^
£T'"
1 fffPKMAN jV
« A T T J, K - F ■.
lirtikifol (
IliMlSir- -' A, ■>•
■mmmm
'"vvv.ui-iii;
ms,
SOIL - -,Iy
. vl««-
YAVam .,
o f S(sS[m
H/K ; i
SSP’pphPii...
m"
^.
■ pUEui/,
Iron
>..." i \ ' • V \ V \ \ \ T I , V ;
; v5 N Y C' X \«W' V -\V,'
' i (
f7!!tV.’.iA a '»Us°
#mss„
-'.
CTHTi
■ •■■ ...
sisife
WF*“n,iE ! '- - -did. ,)». v —,
UMmmL^
-eomarnrm
— 1 1?)) IKL'J. ^ _ _ __ _ _
' ;; - ’ ' 1 ‘ ’ ‘ ' : ’ ; ■ : ; \Vy’ ’-'
&n '.
Mmmmb:
K I H T
:-A--;xSP>yk.
■57> :;PFm
f \ .'$&£*&
8S«S«s»- ...As^
mmm
mmw#r-
A'". 1 , 1
:M; -# / „ t f c H «f ls> : Y -Pmkoif/ ( * t, .JU.,i uaj«;
s®n«yp
agN5^»-
■13
vMSSaMtK
JfSWlui
..-a*
iitea > .
■yymSm,
A T T A C oi
'.\^<*)>uit/p//. ' ■ ■■:-. “ , SSS
0/wr/ rfO, > X‘EL:A v ^ k: ,
\. ^ypyxt.
^lAcv^Q.fjjU JBatt«3*je<
; .EEu /; -V:
’i
l- Sae: :.-
II /--.. -
IsiiWS
ai* Biitterv r
5 Xs-#-
Y3';v.„-,
-»*‘U\\'\>S: ’
\Y.\V.' 1 !
nKH-A*
Mlltlv
mmm
mm
S-. ■ A
■fmmm,
'■'Wmtir-
. <-w
\A *f>2%pA On<imm aSS-- :
sSSa;
Hiss
i m'Jfj, -Mi
LSPWd‘///o/:", '"
i ■ y-It i // / /
m>, mm
Ml
mmMmyr.
Pmt- Sfm,
TOlUUf
309
Sr!M
mmmm
(I
rft Laa«4stai§^';
CSf-|M'.V '.
rjmmzm
iiiiiiiiiiiii
iAA'wm
’Sawbss
■SPyPrr •
. k n”Vy.vArr;\\T
• '• ’•*•.\V\\\•-'r'. ; •' ; '■'.' "S'k
1 \ '• . 0;' \ \ \ l V.&.* 1 ' ‘ ‘Tl,
> n.vv
'i&V'.-, .. -Y ’h
.;■, ' nufhl ■., 3
/ vFiu/meO' JYtrtifc
SFmmm y
■mms'-'.
WTofffttill -.53Z&: l:
• ' ■ 1 1 {74r
SkW ' -•
wt/tr/7/ij£fjcs
p/a,
- .^£~:
(’liuivh
%Zf>3
m
WMS.
<y.s
.. -, •.M-: Y : -
- '4-f!#
ias
Guards'
Redoubt.
'mliif/ht . ; Am/v Ttut/v kprp*)t
J f!; ////j ! >Y : // / / ' !!F ' -
11'. "a a
Ay?'.' 1 ''
gimw.
1^'
WSmFmPiimm
rS'y'Hii ;'Ur. .VVr/.! i; I H'l’tfPliiiffkE/ ■ Si.-><v.v;4i!u.;•: f,>'.'.ii- Matv ,•■»/(/////*>;
A ; /3*»
///i
. 'mojo;.
-m„
' ' 1 ! F ; ' '
■■'■m.' ■
‘A./titlUUt
xMmmm
JC=*
k Jtare
'ajtf’vTTUi;
i®»3
m&S&Sf ■ *
lUhvtrvrhrt A ^tmd at-thr T^*yr,q.hu:«l />+* WAX 0£PAKTM£NT, OjuTt rj» /HrrsTu*, tf CAPE £LPH<NSTOH£. H.£.
Q • Lol. 1 /f A ^iyr>-TH^i/iTif
•««/<•*.. AV.r hiche.9 to One Statute Mite 2000
to&xo
3000
iot'o 6280 Fn*tL
LetU jaoO v> ^
raitt.9 mo .
I7*u Yore.*
WOO

Z. 24pr JGnrUxer.
2, 32p r
. do. .
. 8in<
..do...
/ J3p r
CjUJL.
1 /SpT
dun.
Z 32p r
. do...
/ .. &ut< llott'Uxer.
Z. Z4p r
do. .
3 32pT
(Urns.

PLATE YJ :
t To Mxvmptvi?' ikoRtport'O?!, the-Siege or , '€v;i- tcpoLj
: -'T Wm
/ ■ :.^S
u i? ; ; V Aw
ir
(< R E E K B A T T B_K_V
iWmmfrd mm
'/e^
□nnna
MAT
VK 0
; -'
wifflmsm
si-l 11 i r >
SwMiiissiit
iHH • ' (TmilirfMi
$§''
\V. (miuiiiiiiC!
C'lwil
' .vSMteteTAS -'.
/ / Mifflf/ 1 t ^. 4 | j «j 63 fa S£ :•• ■ '■'■'■ cffr*
J>;<S.\V
CEM'mE$:YA\'/'\
\ w I
,§p / mJ /;
vr
\Y l
x/ '■:>6',?//7\'tix%!H/J/‘s: i
\l®iTOS«@
mil -ili . ' , w< 7 k-.A
' •*' g -~ •' ntfrl '7 - I'
* ■ * inh'i.MB£$m&'M
y&.y-'i-'rr ,.v <
^ajn\^ctrw.. ,
lllltlPx
s s> <&>*’ ,^rr-'-
•m-.
■dm, a . ■lA'^
\ 'WmwmS-
A ' , - Y -.5 -V />y/^:V.vK^ <
■ : f .•
' ~ vU^S5ef_. —
, /.'• ,S%\ \ .,,.vsr.> • A . '>/ ••. J-".". 1 •' ■ 4
jIBI
OF T1IF
yy.y. ?x<&yxsm, kvY, •• V- 2 ^ 5 |S|^j|
pMjiigM^^N,,
■Wwrnms.,
immmm
mmas.
' r im&m
-<im.
ifllj
itauiiStte*
H
; '.r.■ , ■ ^
.,x.-' X
'Kms
■ymm
: : bj
X'.. % //-£:
^iVnST^iffifff^twwP^T^ • ■’TCi IIi ifWr< :7- 'VfiW
■VVCtt^\nrr>, :
■ ':?rr,\,:; Vii> •
miM>-
■•%, --.f syfoT-gSi to’*
i'-.Y-.V-a^&^'>
i.'.'Y
5 jjjjSBWfSi^
O',' •■
tMiiiv
\|HU""’"" u
i '{M^rWWM
\\VUtl (j'.: r/
> 4 w C'VV'X' . ■ '
''s \'s0 K'Wffifo ■
}‘Jjl 3 T TilKJOI) ©p fj.j£SSti«S£
uvii
bWMkr*.
m
VIZ:
l() tl1 0d r 54- 5 lh Fch y 1855
l^^:E' v A R R I Iviijifc
%a r?
■ itTAV^sip?
Mfe= :
$> //, • Mr cW lure, f§si¥§=
mmmmmwT
0*w/, v V<»k l
2&M7
REFERENCE.
.•j/ ^.:- a j!^r- , f : »^v.'*.' ; '‘\ N '■■.
Kmmmk
Morlar Balterus M. B. Mag twines _M
G'Ss
wwmms
X
Dram# __ d
**mm.
It «in*.
At' 11
mmm-
' ' -Id
V&S&9&
.m
iMmmmmmm
.„n.„\.\\ii<W‘
I.atriTif
UKAUpot
i.jiw;] Stm!'.;
nin'iiwii'.- 1 :v;i>'uiiiyi'n 11 ij:i.vX ; v'^ Ji <35Mn
Latrutf
a.l3.3A
Wm\T)T;ThT'
29d. l*o
, i . ■ ■ .“I 1 J :
mfi m
P1CQUET HOUSE
iii Aii&rsiS^i^^^KSi :
BATTERY
70.04
w*%,
^ ....^'
/i_-. l A\ ‘'•v:£~'”' / '' ^
- A
7
jc*;> a
y wmsmw
i’5 ; : 1-" '1/ f v
1
'^Ir^e" r
^IMM
ulWyi .,x
SvT^rV:''.- •. ~ •Hlix f>' •t^fcnlE ' 3 o’
Picquet. House ;X
V
• ••/ / / 7
•■ ,i 1 f./::
.-•jT , :•• . r -/y ' .•X
SS-'.-‘ ■ .’t X;,-
I«1
mmwte'
N OTE.
i’U?
('«!»’ 1. Imnler .llm/ac/nai-ii;
’/ ip:^
, r l®i
The Ground is enlarsVd IVoin a smaller Seale.
iw»
JjU//'T/t fe5> 2%<*.
W0mi\
fcSS^S
\3rCi
i
Scale or Yards
;w
.• , l'-''ll:-.'-l//;:///7 itrmm
m&. IT A-V. . '■////fy.-', ; ■ IJ: I'-YiTn.i r
AW .70 ;e AO .ill JO.fl) i<> jt) <>
kmMmTmmh
' "fill //[[{ 1} i;jjjj
Scale or reet
■ 3 fci<r- •-• \
M-lt
l\\h
#OC* AOO Jt)(H> HOO IIOO MOO MOO /-,
1600 /TOO
to
;^qfes v
- r 1. -• . •
v :mm
.V".H!
SiKcCyil^
•' -.''. ,■ ; :>•-' 11 ;: • 5 *, 11 * 1 ./ v ;•;,
W
f.iijint/rttfihrtl A- rmUz/1
thr TujMHirtrj’lanil Iiefj.n WAn DEPARTMENT, In tier ■ rite Dirt-aum ai' CAPT‘ ELPH/NSTONE. R.£.
II • •fsXjWfrS Co I. ‘ R. /; . Saperinte/uitrE

.fSsSSBFBW.

,»prv-»tvsj.
■•rsTTjpytrTrr

1>§
} ’ •' *
jmM ,
1
Vs M.
’ " fe> : sir
;#'
i< r f
/,' tit
‘ <.; , ;•/
* £*" ' --
;,. '.r?.•'i_._.
" l (l 'T?^ 1 *^*'" ^
l ~ •*
>-.* >;
^?:VV-.'"' Vi-.;-’
" * ^ r - ^
* ** *?%} i.* - , * *<> ** ’ •*. * 5 , , , „
a **^,v^ 3* 4 -** - % * * -* * * j *' 7 , , J >, * V 1 * * v * f l
* ,J? *£r’ ..‘"CU ^n, ^ w - * ^*"7, v $ 1 ✓ f I
' '>■'# ’i •vt-'rJ ^J.'^' v--''.' /— ^ ■•
• '-v -.s* * ^" ’'
w ^* v «‘“"'' " -4^ „ . ' „f-* .
£r * . w -*l\-~$ r| S *
• '.. .' -‘ : • .'.T‘ >. ■
"'V— fc****,^ v**fVC f
< vv’Vc.. ,c
■>.j > ,. i w '> '“...
' s t 9 wt I*
^•vr.' '^.
f ,-^1 V'ry,%TK;
; j;. • .-^ W.— w i v -v ' ' 1 ’
. -^‘.-^*****> ■>-• ‘y-v
■'• ’•••,«, '*•"•»<■■''-'■•--.• tr'~; .mv-'*..'-• !■•-■ v . .,„ ^
•v-.-..' • ’*;-, •',»w4-<-.«>-'* •' , . ,-.v~.'.. .•._. . ..
.: ■ ‘“V •&'•$*• : ^v '^
i-^iSiiii^Si^pl
'ite
pmw feil
PspS
,:; ^i

This Volume is presented by the
Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury to _
and will, in the event of the Library being broken up, be returned to the Controller ofBer Majesty's Stationery Office, Westminster.
M

r
7 \
1 A1 / v
t a ci
x ^1
Jj^J
A Q)1
/
1854-5
k •»!> ' -
' A \ V.
U **_ „ u
/:
. ^ .
/•- flu S
H- C.Elphinsttmo.Dol.
ini
Lith 4 at the Topographical Dep'by J.Fergui
ROYAL ENGINEER PARK.
{ RICHT ATTACK )

•• '-i-
t

J D 0 Ji i N fAl
OF THK
0 P E K AT 3 oxs V OXD IT TE1)
RY THE
u
if a
ITWTIJiTFIl
-IV..
ITRUSHED HV ORDER OK Till- SECRETARY OK STATE FOR WAR
PART IT
From Feb? 1855.tothe fall of Sebastopol, September I855,
0 Y
MAJOR GENERAL SIR HARRY l). JONES, Kill. D.C.L. ROY 1 ENG * 8
Aim 1)0 It:
PRINTED BY GEORGE EDWARD EYRE ANI) WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODK.
Printers to the Queen's Most Excellent. Majesty.
1859 .

CONTENTS.
Preliminary Observations
JOURNAL (commencing 1st February 18.55)
Despatches -
Appendix
Page
1
13
590
595
Vol. n
A

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
The Minister for War having directed that a professional Journal of the Engineer operations against Sebastopol should be drawn up and placed on record, while the recollection of them was still fresh in the memories of those officers who had been employed there,—
Majoi’-General Harry Jones having been appointed early in February 1855 to take the command of the Royal Engineer department with the army, the duty of arranging the Journal from that period necessarily devolved upon him, and from that period only, it may be said, the siege really commenced ; the previous operations were of a peculiar nature, and but little advance towards the place had been made since the attack in October. The record of the operations carried on by the allied armies, from the period of their embarkation at Varna in September 1854 until January 1855, has been prepared by officers who were present with the English army during that period, and who arc intimately acquainted with all its movements and operations.
The details given in the following pages are confined as closely as possible to the Engineers’ operations from January 1855 until the capture of the place. The journals are correct copies of the daily reports sent in by the officers of Royal Engineers coming off duty to the Major General Commanding, with remarks by the directors of the two Attacks. The Reports from the Look-out Station are correct copies of those sent daily to the Field Marshal.
The Engineers and Sappers had been equally exposed with the rest of the army to the sufferings and privations consequent upon the nature of the operations carried on during the winter. Notwithstanding greatly reduced in numbers and bodily strength, they continued most zealously and energetically to perform the arduous duties of their particular branch of the service.
The duty in the trenches was very severe ; the enemy, by frequent sorties during the night, kept the troops in them constantly on the alert. On the
A

2
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL :
1st of February 1855 the strength of the army of all arms only amounted to—
1,198 officers of all ranks.
18,021 rank and file under arms.
In consequence of the strength of the army being so much reduced from sickness, wounds, and disease, the tour of duty in the trenches came round much oftener than is usual at an ordinary siege. The soldiers performed their duty nobly ; and whether in the trenches, filled with snow and liquid mud, or broiling under the direct and reflected heat of the sun in summer, not a word of complaint was ever heard. When the army arrived on the heights above Sebastopol, the only fuel to be obtained was timber from the few farmhouses or cottages scattered over the face of the country, and from oak saplings that were growing on the heights of Inkerman and other parts of the confined space occupied by the allied army. Balaklava was only a fishing village, and did not offer resources of any kind. The small quantity of fuel procurable when the troops first took up their camp-ground had long since disappeared. In February the roots were grubbed up, and sold in the camps at a high price. The appearance of the camp was cold, dreary, and miserable; no blazing fires to be seen to cheer the men or dry their clothes on their return from the trenches or other fatigue duties. The want of fuel induced the men to take their ration of unroasted and unground coffee with them to the trenches, to roast it on the top of their mess tins, and then to endeavour to make something warm for their breakfast. This was accomplished at the expense of the engineers. To make a fire, pieces of brushwood were plucked from the gabions and fascines in the revetments of the batteries and parallels, and the empty Avooden ammunition boxes did not ahvays escape. It is a very unusual thing to see columns of smoke x’ising from fires lighted in trenches, yet such might have been observed daily in the early part of the siege. Whether the Russians Avere aAvare of Avhat Avas the cause of the smoke is not knoAvn, but they scarcely ever appeared to direct their fire upon those parts of the trenches, Avith a vieAv to disturb the men who, they might feel assured, Avere congregated there.
The Avorks suffered very much from these depredations ; still, under the circumstances in Avhich the army Avas placed, and the difficulty of procuring fuel, such irregularities Avere seldom considered as punishable offences, although extremely reprehensible and injurious.
About the middle of January that distinguished officer and experienced Engineer, General Niel, aide-de-camp to the Emperor of the French, arrived at the French head-quarters, on a special mission ; and immediately after his arrival the Engineers-in-Chief of the French and English armies held several conferences, to consider Avhat Avas the best plan to adopt henceforAvard. On
r , k
t

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
3
the 6th March a council of war assembled at the head-quarters of the English army, to receive the reports and opinions of the Engineers-in-Chief. The result was that the original plan of attack was directed to be carried out, and the operations to be prosecuted with vigour.
This decision was influenced in a great measure by the redoubts thrown up by the Russians opposite the French works on the Inkerman Heights, and which had been unsuccessfully attacked on the night of the 24th February. The position of the redoubts was admirably selected, and so long as they remained in possession of the enemy the difficulties of any attack upon the Mamelon, or on the works on its left flank, extending to the Careening Creek, were greatly increased, and the prospect of the allies being able to establish themselves on the Malakoff became more distant. Up to this period the weather continued unsettled, and at times very severe.
The disadvantages of carrying on a second operation against the Malakoff and works adjacent, so far removed from the points of supply, viz., Balaklava and Kamiesh, would have added very considerably to the then existing difficulties, requiring large additional supplies of men and materials, without any increase in the means of transport, caused any proposition for a serious attack on this side to be rejected, more especially as the works of the FTench Left attack, opposite the Bastion du Mat, were very near the enemy’s lines.
The state of the besiegers’ works at this period appeared to justify the decision made.
The French were only 80 yards distant from the Bastion du Mat, on which it was always contemplated to make a lodgment, and was to be their principal point of attack.
The configuration of the ground surrounding the town was admirably adapted for defence ; the commanding points of the Malakoff, Great Redan, and that on which the Bastion du Mat was situated, afforded a mutual support to each other, from whence a heavy cross-fire could be brought to bear upon the ground immediately in their front. It - may be observed that the heights on which the allies first established themselves were 1,400 yards from the nearest point of the enemy’s entrenchments. A fire of artillery at that distance had little effect upon the enemy’s works. The country being intersected with deep ravines, whose sides were nearly inaccessible, was an additional strength to the place, by breaking the attacks into distinct portions, and interfering very much with that free and easy communication so necessary between the works of a besieging force.
To establish enfilading batteries at the distance considered proper was extremely difficult of execution. The point where the prolongation of a face of a work would fall at the usual distance for establishing enfilade batteries
a 2

4
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL :
was generally in one of the deep gullies or ravines, and where it could be determined was generally too near or out of sight of the work or face to he enfiladed, rendering it almost impracticable for the artillery to lay their guns with the slightest chance of accuracy.
The ground in front of the Redan and Mamelon in advance of the Malakoff was still unoccupied by the enemy, and there was every reason to expect that if operations were vigorously carried on the Allies might soon establish themselves within the line of the enemy’s works. During this period of comparative inactivity the enemy were working hard to strengthen themselves and improve their defences.
On the night of the 10th March the Russians established themselves upon the Mamelon, and also erected a powerful battery across the valley at the head of the Dockyard Creek ; large parties were constantly to be seen at work upon the Redan and other parts of their extensive enceinte. The inactivity on the part of the besiegers was occasioned by the urgent necessity for placing the troops under cover. Every animal that could be made available was employed in bringing up material for Huts from Balaklava; and in consequence little, if anything, was done in the transport of guns and stores for the siege.
The golden opportunity so long presented to the besiegers of establishing themselves most advantageously upon the Mamelon having been neglected, the enemy very energetically and perseveringly, notwithstanding the powerful fire of artillery which had been directed upon it, constructed heavy batteries, with trenches, rifle-pits, and screens running dowm to the foot of the hill within 100 yards or thereabouts distant from the French parallel. These works, from their commanding position on the right flank of the English attack, seriously retarded their operations, and a line of the same description was thrown up between the Mamelon and Great Redan opposite the English. This completely altered the state of affairs, and retarded the progress of the siege considerably.
The enemy had now established himself in a most commanding position, having an advanced line of works, well flanked, and of which he could not be dispossessed without a serious operation being undertaken.
It may therefore be said that until the 7th June, when the Quarries, Mamelon, and Ouvrages Blancs had been captured, and lodgments made in them, the Allies had scarcely gained any advantage over the enemy since October 1854, a period of seven months. The delay in not early occupying the Mamelon, subsequently caused great loss of life, great expenditure of ammunition, and threw back the capture of the place until a distant period.

PRELIMINARY ORSERVATIONS.
5
It may be proper to state, that when the plan of attack had been approved and ordered, the operation was divided into three distinct parts, but at the same time a mutual support was to be given by each to the other; the English were in the centre, and necessarily obliged to regulate their movements by the progress made in the attacks on their flanks. So long as the enemy maintained himself upon the Mamelon, so long were the English obliged to remain nearly passive. The cause of the delay in pushing on rapidly at this important period must be attributed to some “ secrets de famille,” probably known only to the two Commanders-in-Chief, but which had a great influence upon the operations. Nothing of an enterprising character took place until the beginning of April, when the English attacked the rifle-pits in advance of the left of their Right attack, subsequently called “ Egerton’s Rifle-pits ” in compliment to the gallant officer who lost his life on the occasion of their capture. This was done in a very spirited manner, and brought them considerably in advance towards the Quarries, which the enemy were daily strengthening, until the 7tli June, when the Mamelon and Quarries were so successfully attacked. Egerton’s Rifle-pits were the most salient works from which the English could advance independent of the French ; wedged in as they were between their two attacks, and exposed to a cross-fire from the enemy’s works, any further advance was necessarily subordinate to the progress made on their right flank.
The enemy were constantly gaining ground quietly, and pushing their outposts well to their front. These at first were only a line of rifle-pits or screens, but by degrees they were connected by a trench, which in the end formed a complete parallel or counter-approach -well in advance of their main line of works, making the Allies pay dear for every inch of ground they gained. It will be observed that there w r as a great want of activity displayed by the garrison after a certain period. With the exception of the attack upon the left of the French trenches near the Quarantine Harbour, no sortie in force was made; which is surprising, considering the great strength of the garrison, arid the power of reinforcing it which the Governor always had at his command.
The knowledge that the enemy at all times was sufficiently strong to assault either of the attacks with a large body of men was always a cause for great anxiety in regard to the safety of the trenches. It became necessary to take the greatest precautions, and to be prepared with strong reserves to repel any attempt that might be made upon them. To do so was very difficult, there not being any cover for them in the immediate rear of the trenches ; and the distance to the nearest camp was too great to afford a hope that any body of men could arrive in time to afford that immediate support which would be required by the guard of the trenches.

6
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL :
The number of men on duty every night was in consequence much greater than is usual at an ordinary siege, and prevented the Engineers from obtaining the number of men demanded by them for the work proposed to be executed during the night.
The defence of Sebastopol must be considered as a passive one ; whatever was done was well done, so far as skill and labour were concerned; but nothing like dash, with one or two exceptions, was evinced throughout the entire siege ; the Russians never recovered a single inch of ground on which the Allies once established themselves. The besiegers did not at all times push on their works with that activity and energy which was desirable. From whatever cause, whether from want of means and materials, or from the want of troops, several important delays took place, most injurious to the Allies and most valuable to the enemy, who always appeared prepared and ready to take advantage of them.
The Battle of Inkerman must be considered as a grand field movement by the army outside the place to raise the siege, seconded by sorties from the fortress.
It is not to be inferred from this that the two armies were idle; on the contrary, there was much to do in parallels and approaches of such great extent, and the great preparations necessary for the assault of works on which lodgments might have to be made, and which even now presented a very formidable appearance, such as the Quarries, Mamelon, and Ouvrages Blancs.
The lodgments made on these several points in time placed the armies in a very advantageous position, and then there really did appear some prospect of capturing the place. The command of the French army had been trans- feri’ed to the hands of an officer of well-known energy arid experience. This, coupled with the success on the 7th June, appeared to have stimulated everybody into life and energy ; the siege works were now carried on with great vigour by both armies ; great confidence was placed in the new French Commandcr-in-Chief, and everybody appeared to feel strongly that the last hours of Sebastopol were fast approaching. The Generals-in-Chief decided to make a grand assault on the enemy’s works, extending from the Redan to Careening Bay, at daybreak on the 18th June. It had been previously arranged that the assault should not take place until two hours after daylight, in order that the obstacles in advance of the works should be destroyed, and the works themselves subjected to a heavy fire of artillery. Arrangements were made accordingly. Late in the evening of the 17th the French Com- mander-in-Chief, after having explained to his generals who were to be employed with the several columns the details of his plan of attack, sent word to Lord Raglan that he should commence the attack at daybreak the

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 7
following morning. This change in the hour, coupled with the mistake made by the French General who commanded the column of attack on their extreme right in regard to the signal for commencing the assault, may he considered the causes of its failure.
The attack on the right aroused the garrison, and thereby they were prepared at all points to repel any assault that might be made.
At daybreak on the 18th, upon the signal being made from the French head-quarters, the columns, English and French, advanced in a very gallant style; but the enemy, being prepared, received them with such a deadly fire of all descriptions, particularly of grape, as to prevent them from getting possession of any of the works of the place. The French column under General D’Autemarre, which most gallantly stormed the enemy’s outer line, advanced upon the Malakoff, being attacked in rear by a heavy column of the enemy with several field guns, was obliged to retire.
This was the only column which crossed the enemy’s works. The English were repulsed with great loss in their attack upon the Great Redan.
The casualties, both French and English, were very great. Many officers of rank were killed, and many brave soldiers fell on this fatal morning.
It was decided, after the failure of the 18th June, to work up to the enemy’s entrenchments as close as possible.
The French, considering that the state of the works from the Malakoff to Careening Bay presented fewer difficulties against entering the town on this side, inasmuch as less defensive work had been executed on these fronts, and that there were fewer obstacles to overcome before reaching the gorge of the Malakoff Tower, decided to make their great attack on this side, but not to abandon the intention previously entertained of assaulting the Great Redan and works on the town side ; thus completely changing the order of things, and adopting perforce a plan which had been rejected in March, on account of the great distance from the depots, and the serious inconvenience of carrying on a double attack under the disadvantageous circumstances in which the armies were placed.
So great a change necessarily entailed delay, increased very considerably the duties of the troops, and exposed a much larger number of men daily to the fire of the enemy. The number of casualties every 24 hours was very great.
While the operations on the French right were in progress, the English, situated as they were between the two attacks of the French, exposed as they were to a heavy fire of artillery on both flanks, also from the Garden batteries, Malakoff and intervening batteries, including that of the Redan, could make but little progress in their attack.

8
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOFOL :
The enemy did not fail to profit by the time thus afforded them for strengthening their works; strong parties were constantly to be seen employed upon the Malakoff and retrenchments in rear of the Little Redan, extending towards the Great Harbour, thereby forming in this part an interior and second line of defence, which every day presented a more formidable appearance. The enemy, notwithstanding the change in the attack, continued to work unceasingly upon their line of defence from the Malakoff to the Quarantine Fort. This they were enabled to do, having a large body of troops at command, over and above what may be considered the garrison of the place.
It is understood that as many as ten thousand men have frequently been employed at one time upon the works of the place.
The progress of the French right attack was slow. Owing to the very heavy fire the enemy were enabled to bring upon the most important points, also the very difficult soil they had to work in, principally solid rock, it was impossible to calculate with any degree of certainty when they would be able to establish themselves sufficiently near to give an assault with any prospect of success.
The English Commanding Engineer was anxious to drive a gallery under the Redan, but the distance and soil, with the uncertainty as to the period the French would be occupied in advancing up to the enemy’s works, prevented its being attempted. The French engineers were also of opinion there would not be time, and consequently the idea was abandoned. As things turned out, there would have been, and it is much to be regretted that the attempt was not made. The interval betw r een the 18th June and 8th September, when the Malakoff was taken, was a long period, not of inactivity, but of hard work. The French had a very difficult task before them, but by dint of perseverance, great loss of life, and aided by the powerful and w'ell-directed fire of the English artillery, they succeeded in establishing themselves at a short distance from the crest of the counterscarp of the Malakoff.
The English advanced their works against the Redan as near as the artillery fire from the Malakoff and Bastion du Mat would permit. The loss of life w r as very great, and the progress slow. The fire of the enemy’s artillery could not be silenced by counter batteries on the glacis, or by the fire from distant batteries. It was not possible to establish enfilade fire against them, the features of the ground being so unfavourable as not to admit of their construction. Such being the difficulties of approaching the Redan, after operations had been some time in progress, and little advance made, General Jones suggested whether it would not be desirable to direct an attack against that part of the enemy’s works where the middle ravine entered the town, at the

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
9
same time to continue working against the Redan. Although the part alluded to was a re-entering angle, still it offered great advantages for an attack ; it was commanded hy the Mamelon ; all the batteries on the right of the English attack could be brought to bear upon it; and there was no space for the garrison to form large masses to repel an assault; it was also on the Hank of the Malakoff, and could not fail to he of very great assistance in the attack to be made hy the French. Apparently the Russians had never considered this a vulnerable point, and consequently few works had been thrown up to strengthen this part of their line of defence, and then only late in the siege.
The same was submitted to the French engineers, and rejected, partly upon the principle that it was “ hors de regie ” to carry on an attack against a re-entering angle, and also that the French batteries against the Malakoff would he ready in four or five days to open their fire ; that the English would not have time to make the additional works that would be necessary; moreover, the great losses the French were daily suffering, and the advanced period of the year (middle of July), made it undesirable to delay the attack. The idea, therefore, was abandoned.
No doubt, as an abstract proposition, on principle, the proposed attack might be considered objectionable; but having been so long in front of the Redan, and the difficulties of approaching it being so great, a change was extremely desirable. The point proposed from whence to enter the town was without doubt the weakest part of the enemy’s defences.
The middle ravine afforded excellent cover for troops advancing to the assault.
The proposal of the English General of Engineers to make this attack was not put forward by him without due consideration, but after having closely and attentively considered it in all its bearings, and after having repeated)y reconnoitred the ground to be passed over.
A great mistake was made by designating the several periods of attack as “ bombardments.” It was only towards the end of July anything of that kind could be considered as having been ordered. At this period, when the enemy were seen to be working very hard at their interior defences, it w T as considered desirable to disturb them as much as possible; vertical fire was then directed on certain buildings and parts of the town where the enemy were at work, or where their troops usually assembled either for reliefs or as alarm posts. This is the only species of bombardment, if such it can be called, that took place. No doubt a great number of shells were thrown into the place, and the round shot from the 32-pounders fired at great angles of elevation must have been very harassing to the garrison and the inhabitants.
B

10
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL:
The operations against Sebastopol will no doubt be studied with great interest by future engineers. The length of time the siege lasted, the immense quantity of work executed [the English trenches measured upwards of 12 miles], the great loss of life, the very inadequate means for executing works on such an extensive scale, will naturally excite their attention. That a place open on so many sides when the Allies set down before it should have been able to resist for 11 months the attacks of two powerful and victorious armies must fill the minds of military men with astonishment.
Sebastopol was not a regular fortified place; the only works of a permanent character were the sea defences, and these only to defend the entrance to the harbour. They were of masonry, armed with heavy guns in casemates, and bomb-proof. The works of the land fronts, with the exception of Malakoff Tower, were of earth, and their profiles those of field works.
Sebastopol being a great naval arsenal, afforded resources of every description, which were skilfully employed by the enemy’s engineers and artillery. As the siege progressed, the place increased in strength daily, and at its close Sebastopol had been formed into a first-rate fortress. Moreover, it must be borne in mind that the town throughout the entire siege had a free communication with the country on the north side. The troops not on duty in the town were encamped on the opposite side of the harbour, where they could repose in quiet. A portion of the garrison was relieved every week; the steam vessels in the harbour were constantly employed in transporting men and materials from one side to the other; the men-of-war also took paid in the defence of the place. The batteries were manned from the crews of the ships-of-war, and proved themselves to be excellent artillerists.
The masts and spars in the naval arsenal enabled the garrison to form a floating bridge communicating with the north side, by which they obtained a certain and easy communication with it, and a safe retreat from the place. Under such circumstances, the garrison was always fully equal to the defence, and with a powerful reserve of troops to reinforce any point that might be attacked. For a solution of such an extraordinary event as a defence of eleven months, the question will naturally arise, How came an operation of such gigantic magnitude to be undertaken by the Allies with such imperfect knowledge, and with armies so inadequately provided with the artillery arid stores necessary for a siege of such importance and magnitude ?
The siege of Sebastopol may be quoted as another instance where the most disastrous effects resulted from not closely investing the place, leaving the

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
II
north side entirely open throughout the whole period that the operations were in progress, thereby enabling the garrison to receive reliefs of men and supplies of every kind; in consequence the defence was prolonged, and great loss to the besiegers ensued.
It is scarcely necessary to observe that for military operations a divided command is most objectionable. There should be but one head to direct qnd order upon his own responsibility the operations of an army, without control from any other authority.
The difficulties arising from a divided command were strongly,felt in the Crimea, notwithstanding the mutual good feeling existing between the Generals-in-Chicf and the officers and men of both armies.
When any great operation was about to be undertaken, consultations took place between the Generals-in-Chief. The generals of artillery and engineers of the two armies assembled to consult with each other, and to make a report to their respective commanders of the result of their deliberations. These had again to be taken into consideration by the chiefs before any decision was arrived at, and communicated to the heads of the several departments concerned. At several periods during the siege assistance had to be given by one army to the other in guns, ammunition, stores, and materials ; so that at no one period of the siege was it ever known by the heads of the two armies what was the exact state of the means available for carrying on the conjoint operations. For instance, the recal of the French troops when on their passage to Kertch might have been fatal to the success of that very important expedition, as well as affecting the siege operations very injuriously.
The artillery throughout the siege had always a struggle to form an adequate depot of ammunition ; it was extremely difficult to calculate with any degree of exactness so as to have that quantity in reserve which was required. On several occasions the fire of artillery was ordered to be slackened, in consequence of the great expenditure. It will be perceived that in the following pages scarcely any notice has been taken of the artillery service, which may appear a great omission, more particularly in an operation in which the artillery played such an important part, and were so conspicuous for the zeal and admirable manner in which they performed the various arduous duties required of them; the excellence of their fire Avas constantly noticed in terms of admiration by officers of high rank.
The Commanding Officer of the Royal Artillery has been ordered to prepare a report of the artillery services during the siege.
The difficulty to procure materials for making gabions was very great, Recourse was obliged to be had to Constantinople, Varna, and Sinope. Sand-

12
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
bags were in great demand. The iron bands around the compressed hay sent from England were wor ked into gabions, and found of very great use. Timber for making platforms w as not to be procured in the Crimea. Everything in the way of stores and materials were sent from England, France, Gibraltar, Malta, or Corfu, and the difficulties were greatly increased by the uncertainty of the arrival of the vessels conveying them.
Under such unfavourable circumstances, and with such difficulties to contend against, it was determined to proceed with the operations against Sebastopol.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
13
J OURXAL:
COMMENCING 1st FEBRUARY 1855.
At the beginning of February the weather was very inclement, and the ground covered with snow ; consequently there was but little work going on, either on the part of the English, French, or Russians.
Towards the end of January the Emperor of the French sent one of his Aide3-de-Camp, General Niel, an Engineer officer of distinction, to the French head-quarters in the Crimea, to report to His Majesty the state of the siege operations, and the plans to be adopted to ensure the speedy reduction of the place.
During the-first period of the operations against Sebastopol the allied armies were not sufficiently strong to invest the place. The operations were confined to the south side, and that only partially. The English were not able to occupy the ridge of heights on their right that descends to Careening Hay, nor could they make advances against the Malakoff Tower; the attack was therefore necessarily restricted to the Redan and Barrack Battery front. The extreme right of the French Left attack embraced the Bastion du Mat and the works extending to the Quarantine Harbour.
On the 26th January, General Bizot, Commanding Engineer with the French army, prepared a paper showing a proposed plan of attack to be undertaken by the allied armies, which was submitted to a council composed of Generals Kiel, Bizot, and Sir John Burgoyne, who were to consider .and report upon the same for the consideration of the Generals-in-Chief.
The following is a copy of that report:—
Translation.
Memo. Before Sebastopol, 26th January 185.3.
From the examination of the relative disposition of the works of defence of the town to the left of the Dockyard Creek, and of those which cover the Karabelnaia suburb on the right of the same, it is evident that to be undertaken with a fair probability of success the attacks by assault to be directed on both sides must be wholly organized so as to unite at the head of the creek, of which it is absolutely necessary to take possession at that moment of the attack when the converging fire of the French and English batteries shall have disabled the artillery of the Bastion du Mat, and destroyed its action on the creek, which is the only serious obstacle at that point.

14
JOURNAL' OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The French attacks have been throughout conducted with a view to the occupation of the Bastion du Mat; and will naturally join the English attacks, if the latter are directed on the left of the Karabelnaia retrenched camp.
If the attack on this camp be considered independently of that on the town, it would certainly be more “ en regie,” and more sensible, to transfer it to the right, against the redoubt of the tower (Malakoff) which occupies the commanding point of the position, the capture of which would necessarily entail the fall of the other works in succession ; but the difficulty of assaulting this -work, powerfully armed, covered by an abattis, strengthened by an interior intrenchment, and by batteries “ en dchelon ” behind it, and the approaches to which are swept by its fire for more than GOO metres, renders it necessary to have recourse to a regular attack, supported by the occupation of the ridge on the right side of the Careening Ravine, with a powerful artillery, which would have to be covered from the reverse fire which the enemy would not fail to direct against it from the north side of the Grand Harbour. This would be to engage again in one of those battles of artillery which the enemy has hitherto succeeded in maintaining without disadvantage to himself, thanks to his enormous resources in matdriel, and which would besides postpone to a distant period and until the bad season the general and decisive attack.
On the other hand, to isolate one from another these two attacks, the one on the town and the other on the retrenched camp, would be to give up the occupation of the head of the creek which strengthens by uniting them, and to render the assailants engaged in the town in driving the enemy into the sea liable to be taken in reverse by a hostile column passing round the head of the creek.
The question then is, if by neglecting for the present the redoubt of the tower (Malakoff) it would not be possible to attack the retrenched camp on its left, between the Dockyard Creek and the Redan, simultaneously with an attack on the town on that portion of its enceinte stretching from the Bastion du Mat to the head of the creek.
These attacks might be organized in the following manner :—
A column of 14,000 men descending before daybreak the ravine in which runs the Sympheropol Road will proceed along this ravine as far as the interval which separates the Redan from the Barrack Batteiy. Leaving here in the ravine a reserve of 400 men, the column, divided into two parties, will mount the right slope of the ravine obliquely by two broken-up roads, so as to “ debouche ” in view of the works at some distance from one another. They will then cross “ at the double ” the space which separates them from the intermediate obstacles, if any exist, and having taken these obstacles, which cannot be of a formidable profile, they will separate, and push to the right and left, so as to turn both works by their gorge. Thus 6,000 men would throw themselves to the right on the Redan, and 4,000 to the left on the Barrack Battery.
At the same time another corps of 12,000 men, placed in the ravine on the right of the French attack during the night, will quit the allied battery (No. 6. of the English Left attack, PI. VIII.) established in this ravine, and advance to the head of the Dockyard Creek, and leaving there a reserve of 4,000 men, the remainder will divide into two columns of 4,000 each, one of which will ascend on the right across the buildings which cover the slope of the ravine, whose summit is crowned by the Barrack Battery, and advance by the left to unite in rear of this work with the 4,000 men who should arrive by

JOURNAL' OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
15
tlie right, while the other column of the same force penetrating- the town by the barrier which forms the enceinte at the head of the Dockyard Creek, as soon as the occupation of the Barrack Battery shall have rendered the movement possible, will mount the steep slope to the left, and throw themselves into the boulevard or into the cross streets, so as to escape as soon as possible from the fire of the two batteries which are placed across the upper part of this slope. This last attack is to serve as an auxiliary to the principal attack on the town, which will leave the French trenches in several columns of the total strength of 12,000 men, to assault the Bastion du Mat and parts of the enceinte close to it, and which, by turning the batteries placed on the two slopes of the great ravine of the town, will proceed to open the entrance of this ravine to a reserve of 6,000 men massed in the parallels.
These arrangements for the attack are subordinate to these essential conditions :—
1st. The occupation of the Inkerman position by a system of works which ought to remove all possibility of the army of relief advancing against the English right during the attack.
2d. The previous destruction of the artillery of the Bastion du Mat, on which it will be very necessary that three or four pieces on the English extreme left should maintain, in conjunction with the French artillery, a regular fire during the two days which will precede the assault.
3d. The evacuation of the Dockyard Creek by all vessels-of-war, which will no doubt be obtained by the fire of the allied battery (No. 6. English Left attack), if this battery is increased by ten 32-pounders and six 13-inch mortars, to which should be added some of the explosive incendiary rockets of long range which are used by the French artillery.
It ought to be well understood that the project remains subordinate also to the studied reconnaissance which ought to be made of the approaches on the Redan and Barrack Battery, the cover which the Woronzoff Ravine affords from the fire of these works, the means of ascending without great labour the right slope of the ravine, and the distance necessary to be crossed under the fire of the enemy in order to take these two works by their gorge.
If this reconnaisance proves these difficulties to be too great, there only remains the alternative of sending the columns at night from the trenches on the plateau in advance of the English right battery.
There are at the right and left of the head of the Dockyard Creek two little batteries of four guns, which have not been mentioned, but which will be so much the more easily turned and surrounded inasmuch as they are not directed against the opening of the ravine.
(Signed) B. Bizot,
Before Sebastopol, General Commanding the Engineers.
26th January 1855.

16
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
From Lieut.-General Sir John Burgoyne.
My dear General, Gamp before Sebastopol, 30 th January 1855.
From the very imperfect way in which I can express myself in French, I fear that in the interview I had yesterday with General Niel I did not accurately convey to him my real opinion. I think it probable that he considers that, according to iny view, it was indispensable to refrain from making any serious attacks upon Sebastopol until the place should be completely invested, and until the spring ; which is by no means the case. I would be much obliged to you to explain to him that during the first period of our operations against the place we had not forces sufficient to enclose the garrison, even throughout the south side, and consequently, while we were prevented from occupying the ridge of heights that descends to the Careening Bay, we could not make advances upon the Malakoff Tower. Our attacks, therefore, were imperatively restricted to the Redan and Barrack front as our extreme right, to which the French adopted the front of the Bastion du Mat on their side.
It was hoped that the effect of the first cannonading would enable us to stcrm the place, considering that the Russian army in the field, which displayed a considerable deal of activity, would probably absorb a full proportion of their best troops, and that the garrison would not be of excessive strength. The result of that cannonading, however, was not so effective as to induce the generals commanding to persevere in the assault; and it was resolved to await increased forces in batteries and in troops, which were still necessarily to be applied on the same plan.
It was clear, however, that a loss in the moral feeling of confidence in that system must be the effect of that check on our proceedings; and it became of great consequence to extend the front of the operations, if possible; on which account I always had my mind turned towards the Tower of Malakoff.
The result of the Battle of Inkerman opened that field to us, and I at once advocated the propriety of extending our operations to the right as far as the Great Harbour, and to make energetic advances along the Inkerman ridge, and against the Tower of Malakoff and the entire enemy’s left, with a view to include that portion in the assault, to whatever extent the approaches may have been carried, or effect produced by our additional batteries on it might warrant.
As time progressed, a greater degree of confidence would naturally be acquired by the garrison ; a greater power of resistance was given to their works, in the additions to which they were indefatigable; and it was reasonable to suppose, that after the enemy should have abandoned for the winter the idea of molesting us by his army in the field subsequent to the Battle of Inkerman, he would strengthen the garrison, and make it as perfect as possible; an assault on the Redan, therefore, which from the first must always have been deemed a very arduous enterprise, became then more desperate, and one in which I must confess I entertained then no confidence of success, and therefore I recommended the extension along the right.
There is a combination of serious difficulties in the way of assailing the Redan, while the Malakoff Tower, and the ground in front of it remains totally free and disengaged in the hands of the enemy.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
17
It cannot be approached by lodgments nearer than about 600 yards, because it is virtually in a re-entering angle, and the trenches we have even at that distance are by their direction unavoidably so exposed from one or the other flank as to be almost untenable, consequently the storming party must traverse at least that space exposed to fire from the front and both flanks, nor could it advance but by a narrow front. The obstacles it will encounter at the enemy’s lines, though not very formidable of themselves, will create considerable delay to overcome, and must greatly break its order; and the defenders in rear of them are not to be considered as an ordinary garrison of a fortified town, but as divisions of an army in much force, more particularly as the entire of that division allotted for the left of their position will be concentrated on the front of the Redan and barracks. Even supposing the front line to be gained, the storming party is then on ground still more commanded by batteries on both flanks, each of which is protected by a deep ravine, and works directed upon it; nor have we any right to despise our enemy, notwithstanding the successes we have hitherto met with against them ; they are well equipped, well exercised as soldiers, courageous, and even fanatical.
It certainly has been an acknowledged paid of the plan, in case of an assault, to throw out columns on the flank, by the South Harbour, by which to turn the front attacked, and such would of course take place; but the approaches by that flank are so confined and precipitous that very moderate efforts by the enemy would render them quite impracticable. It is true that no artificial obstacles have been placed to the approaches on that side, as far as can be seen ; but the possibility of the attempt Is too manifest to suppose that the enemy have not adopted some understood mode of opposing it.
It was on these considerations that I so strongly recommended operations against the Malakoff Tower heights, and to which I adhere, without at all implying the absolute necessity for completing the investment of the place by the north as well as south, however advantageous that would be, if practicable, or the necessity of waiting for the spring.
I certainly was in hopes, after the Battle of Inkerman, that we might at once have proceeded with approaches and batteries against the Malakoff; but the proposition did not carry much weight. It was thought more appropriate to commence with greatly strengthening our defensive positions, especially above Inkerman; and the state of the country, and losses in the means of transport, rendered the progress of getting up guns and ammunition exceedingly slow on the part of the British, while their troops were greatly harassed by the fatigues of duties, and could with difficulty be provided with food and clothing; so that, notwithstanding the utmost assistance which the French General judged that he could give, the whole proceedings became stagnant, as regards progress towards what I have considered the proper course. It is in this state, then, that we are now to decide on the question of proceeding; whether on the original and accelerated project of the assault on the Redan and Bastion du Mat, or, what must be the only alternative, waiting for the complete investment of the place and probably of the spring ; since my desire of advancing on the right cannot be undertaken by the British, nor, so far as we are informed, likely to be by the French.
Under these circumstances, the French by their large forces having so decided a preponderance in the operations, if their superior authorities desire to persevere in the attacks on the Bastion du Mat and the Redan, Lord Raglan may be disposed to give
c

18
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
whatever co-operating aid may be in his power, although I have no authority for saying what may be his feelings. The batteries of our Right and Left attacks will, however, by his Lordship’s orders, be completely armed, and as early as possible, to an amount of 80 pieces (chiefly of very heavy calibre), including mortars, in addition to the battery which will be ready to open on the Inkerman lighthouse. But if the assault is to follow, I would still hope that one heavy column may be directed on the Russian left front, to afford some prospect of aid to the assault of the Redan, which I still consider as a very hazardous undertaking.
I beg to be understood as only explaining in this letter my own sentiments, without pledging Lord Raglan to any of them.
My dear General,
Yours very faithfully,
General Rose, (Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
H.B.M. Commissioner with the French Army.
Consequent upon General Bizot’s report, at a meeting on the 28th January, Sir John Burgoyne expressed a wish that operations should he carried on against the Malakoff Tower; a note in consequence was prepared at the French head quarters, dated the 2d February, pointing out the manner in which he proposed to carry on operations against the Malakoff.
French Head Quarters before Sebastopol,
2d February 1855.
The results of the arrangements adopted in the council of the 1st February 1855, and following the opinion expressed by Lieut.-General Sir John Burgoyne, is, that works of approach ought to be made before the Malakoff Tower, so as to be able to attack this point, which commands the Karabelnaia suburb, at the same time that the assault is given to the western part of the town.
This decision has been caused by the consideration of the advantages to be gained in attacking a place enclosing an army on a side of the enceinte where the columns of assault will be able to extend themselves in the interior, and advance in proper order, while the western side of the place presents ground intersected by ravines and narrow places.
It has been always allowed that the attack against the town would not be completely subordinate to the completion of the works against the Malakhoff Tower, if circumstances quite unforeseen should delay them too long ; but it would be always a satisfaction to have undertaken them, inasmuch as they would serve at least to threaten the enemy on this point; and that in the event of the effect produced by our artillery not permitting an assault to be attempted with a chance of success, the attack of the Malakoff Tower can be resumed without making a confession of weakness on the western side of the town, as would be the case if we allowed a fruitless attempt to oblige the adoption of a new point of attack.
The following arrangements have been agreed to, so as not to delay sensibly the moment of opening fire:

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
19
] st. During the ten or twelve days of fine weather which are still necessary for the French artillery to finish the construction, arming, and supplying of the new batteries which are in progress against the Central Bastion, there will be undertaken two batteries intended to cross their fire on the Mamelon in advance of the Malakoff Tower, and on the tower itself, one of about eight pieces in the advanced parallel of the English Right attack, PI. VII., the other of at least 15 pieces on the western slope of Careening Bay ravine, the execution of the latter comprehending that of several boyaux of communication. Works of approach, intended to facilitate the opening of a parallel to be established on the Mamelon at about 600 metres from the Tower, will be undertaken at the same time on the spur of the Tower, and pushed forward as much as the fire of the enemy will permit.
2d. These preparatory works being finished, the fire of all the English and French batteries will be opened, on the condition that it can be maintained some days; and under the protection of this fire, on the west side the works of approach on the central bastion, and on the east the proposed parallel which is to crown the Mamelon to the south of the Malakoff, will be executed immediately, as well as a battery of about 15 pieces which it is necessary to establish in this parallel or a little in advance of it. This battery will be constructed of sand bags, filled beforehand ; and its armament, as well as ammunition, will have been taken to the nearest parallel, so that the moment of assault may not be delayed.
The advances will then be pushed forward on the spur of land on which the Tower stands, and on that of the Redan, so as to diminish as much as possible the distance over which the columns will have to advance.
It does not appear that these dispositions should prolong very much the duration of the siege, if the means of carrying them out are prepared at once and with activity.
For these purposes the General-in-Chief of the French army proposes to detach for the flanking batteries of the Malakoff attack a field officer of engineers and artillery, who will arrange with the heads of the same services of the English army to apply to the armament, construction, and ammunition of these, batteries all the means which the English can afford, so as to complete them, with the aid of the resources of the French army.
For the construction of these batteries the English engineers will furnish as many sappers and workmen as possible, as well as all gabions and platforms which are not absolutely necessary for themselves. With regard to the armament, it is thought that, considering the more decided conditions of offence which are now about to commence, the seven guns and four mortars which the English artillery intended for the battery at the head of the Bay of Sebastopol, the seven guns which they have in reserve at their park, beyond the armament of their old batteries, in all fourteen guns and four mortars- might be used. These proposed batteries should not be armed with less than twenty- three pieces, so that there remain nine guns to be brought from Balaklava, which will be done by the English artillery. It would be much to be desired to place in the battery near Careening Bay 68-pounders, or guns of larger calibre. There ought to be about 500 rounds of ammunition per gun; and to complete this amount without delay the General- in-Chief of the French army will assist, if the want of English transport renders it necessary. It is to be understood that the two batteries will be served by the English
c 2

20
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
artillery or sailors. In a word, the two armies will use all tlieir means and all their efforts to attain this end as soon as possible.
The French army will execute the parallel on the Mamelon and the battery in it. The French will only ask the English army to supply them with as many sand bags as it can spare, and to place in the battery on the Mamelon some of the guns in reserve at Balaklava, as well as gunners, if the French artillery has hot sufficient.
Memorandum of Lieut.-General Sir John Burgoyne.
Camp before Sebastopol, 28th February, 1855.
In some matters of detail in the approaches against Sebastopol, I am not sure that there is not a difference of opinion between myself and the French officers of engineers:
1st. I think that we might prevent the enemy’s riflemen remaining at night nearer to our occupied works than to their own, at times when they might impede any approaches we may be inclined to make in advance. That in such cases we should drive them away with the bayonet, our advanced party then lying down, and with the reserves renewing the contest as often as they may try to regain the position ; that this may be done at any distance exceeding 650 yards (600 metres) from the enemy’s batteries, within which distance the case is not likely to occur.
2. That no fire of the enemy’s artillery ought to be able to prevent our making a lodgment or parallel, if of considerable extent, by night, by the flying sap, at distances that are not less than 650 yards from the place. If the cover gained should be very inefficient on the ensuing morning, it may be partially or entirely abandoned during the day, and the work resumed the next night, the enemy being attacked and driven out should he make a sortie upon it now during the day, for which of course we should have reserves established under cover sufficiently near.
3. That a great distinction may be drawn between batteries and parallels, or lodgments that are only for infantry, and communications; that while a battery could not be maintained under a concentrated or very commanding fire of artillery, a parallel, if of some length, may perfectly, and be thoroughly effective for coyer, defence, or communication.
4. That to gain possession of some essential points in advance, the enemy being able to penetrate temporarily into the trench, or parallel, contrary to the case of a battery, may not be of any injurious consequence, provided that he be speedily driven out again.
5. That no fire from the enemy’s batteries on open spaces of ground which the enemy cannot see, can be effective in preventing any operation or communication, although it may occasionally cause some casualties ; therefore, when time and means may be scarce, the regular precautions may be invariably dispensed with. If the exposure is likely to be continued any length of time, q,nd many troops must pass it, a slight degree of cover in shape of a trench of approach may be applied to it; but it is to be remembered that this fire will never be continued when works that are in advance draw the enemy’s attention to them.
6. The French siege works are very perfect, and beautifully executed; but, under the difficulties which I have ever experienced in obtaining workmen, and the anxiety of the

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
21
engineers to advance as rapidly as possible, I have never witnessed before the distant approaches and works given so much strength or made with so much precaution.
(Signed) J. F. B.
At this period the weather was very severe, and unfavourable for the siege operations. The work now executed was in accordance with the plan laid down in the paper of the 2d February, as proposed by the French engineers, consequent upon the meeting of the previous day, which embraced an attack upon Malakoff and Mamelon, as recommended by Sir John Burgoyne. Little progress could he made during such very unfavourable weather. The trenches were knee-deep in snow, or, when a shower of rain came on, every part was liquid mud. The workmen, although they had now the benefit of warm clothing, were so overburdened with it, and their bodily strength so much reduced from want and exposure, that the work performed at each relief was inconsiderable. A number of men were necessarily employed to clear the mud from the trenches, or in cutting drains as outlets for the water. The Russians soon showed us that they were not idle, as on the night of the 22d February they threw up a redoubt (Selinghinsk) on the end of the ridge running down from the Inkerman Heights, and about 600 yards from the French Battery No. 5. These, with other works, were afterwards known by the name of the Ouvrages Blancs, from the colour of the earth, which being white made them very conspicuous, not only at that period when the face of the surrounding country presented a dark gloomy surface, but throughout the entire siege.
The position of these works was well selected as a barrier to any advance the French might he expected to make along the ridge on which they were established, and also as flanking the ground in front of the Mamelon, rendering it necessary to capture them before any approach or attempt could be made on this side with safety against the Mamelon or Malakoff. The erection of these works had necessarily a very great effect upon the plan of attack as then approved, and the failure of the attempt to carry them by assault on the night of the 23d February made it imperative to make an alteration in that plan. For this purpose a meeting of the English and French engineers took place, composed of Generals Sir John Burgoyne, Jones, Niel, and Bizot, to consider the state of affairs, and to prepare a report for the generals commanding the two armies, setting forth the changes which they considered it would be advisable to make.
General Bizot laid before the meeting a paper containing his views, dated 28th February; and Sir John Burgoyne did the same, in a paper dated 1st March.
On the 8th March Sir John Burgoyne prepared two memorandums, one on the plan of operations then agreed on, and the other on the circum-

22
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
stances of the operations against Sebastopol. These memorandums are as follow :—
Note on the arrangements to be made for the attack on the retrenched camp of the
Karabelnaia.
Army of the East,
Engineer Head Quarters, 28th February 1855.
Without answering from their commencement the series of propositions which have been exchanged and discussed on the subject of making the attack on the retrenched camp, which progress equally with that prepared by the French against the town, and to arrange the part to be taken by each of the allied armies, the following is recapitulated ; that the English attack which was to be originally directed against the “ Great Redan ” and the Barrack battery has been since judged by General Burgoyne to be very difficult and very hazardous, in consequence of the little effect obtained by the fire of the besiegers’ artillery, and the great distance over which the columns of assault would have to advance, the lodgment of the Russian riflemen on the Mamelon in advance of the Malakoff not permitting the approaches in advance of the English Right attack to be pushed on towards the “ Great Redan ” nearer than 700 metres from it.
General Burgoyne considered, in consequence, the previous occupation of this Mamelon as indispensable, and to assist this operation that an attack should be commenced against the Tower, if possible. It had been agreed that this should be commenced by establishing on the plateau on the east of Careening Bay a battery of 15 guns, and in the advanced trench of the English Right attack another battery of eight pieces, both of which are intended to cross their fire on the neck of land which separates the Mamelon and the Malakoff, and to come to the assistance of the battery on the English right, to counter- batter the batteries of the Malakoff redoubt.
Since the commencement of these works, executed partly by the French on the plateau on the east of Careening Bajq and partly by the English, with the assistance of 200 French workmen, for the construction of the battery of eight pieces (No. 9.) on the descending spur of the Great Redan, the attack on the Malakoff Tower is found to be placed in circumstances much more difficult, and of such a nature, perhaps, that it will be necessary to renounce the idea of carrying it on further than the occupation of the Mamelon, in consequence of the enemy having established a work of counter-approach at the extremity of the plateau of the Careening Bay, on the crest of the spur which ends at the entrance of the ravine to the Grand Harbour, and which places the Malakoff in a re-entering angle which cannot be approached nearer than 400 metres, and makes the Great Redan the true salient of the entrenched camp of the Karabelnaia. This new work could no doubt be earned by assault, although powerfully sustained by the ships of war anchored in the harbour, by the fire of the batteries on the point (No. 1. bastion of the Russians, PI. XIII.) and of the Careening Bay Redan, by those of the Malakoff redoubt, and above all by the numerous batteries raised on the north side of the Great Harbour, which take in reverse the approaches on the whole extent of the 1,000 metres which separate it from our establishment on the same plateau, but at the price of a considerable loss ; and it is believed that it could not be occupied permanently, or even for sufficient time for its .complete destruction. It would be necessary, then, in order to cause the enemy to abandon

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
it, to return to the charge as many times as he advances ; and the importance which he attaches to it gives reason to suppose that he will show great obstinacy in maintaining himself there. In these circumstances, and foreseeing the necessity of confining the attack on the Malakoff to the occupation of the Mamelon, situated 600 metres in advance of the latter, it is necessary to arrange everything according to the previous projects of General Burgoyne, at the same time for the simultaneous advance of approaches as near as possible to the Great Redan, which this occupation will render practicable, and will, allow the columns of assault to advance over a short distance to this salient and the neighbouring enceinte. It is not to be believed that this assault can be given for the object of carrying immediately by assault the entrenched camp.
It will be considered, without doubt, more prudent and sure to advance foot by foot on the interior entrenchments which exist there, unless unforeseen facilities present themselves, of which immediate advantage will be taken if there is daylight enough to allow of penetrating further. In admitting that we ought to begin by establishing ourselves in the Redan itself, there will be found on the slopes opposite, and hidden from the Malakoff Tower, means of covering oneself from the view of the boulevard, and also to cause the abandonment of the Barrack Battery, taken in reverse and at a short distance. The attack of the town conducted against the Bastion du Mat would thus find itself relieved from the flank fire from the latter battery.
To continue, it is requested that arrangements should be made by the English army that as soon as the occupation of the Mamelon in advance of the Malakoff by the French troops takes place, the approaches on the Great Redan should be pushed in advance as near that work as possible, in order to give the assault to that part of the enceinte of the entrenched camp ; an assault^whicli will be given by the allied armies under conditions of mutual assistance, to be regulated at another time.
General Commanding Engineer,
Before Sebastopol, (Signed) B. Bjzot.
28th February 1855.
Memorandum by Lieut.-General Sir John Burgoyne.
Camp before Sebastopol, 1st March 1855.
I understood General Bizot’s note of the 28th February to imply a renewal of the earlier project of attack on the Redan and Bastion du Mat, with the addition of crowning the Mamelon in front of the tower of Malakoff, otherwise everything remains as at present. That would certainly afford a power of carrying lodgments and approaches much nearer to the Redan, preparatory to any assault or lodgment, which, however, in my opinion, would be subject to the same difficulty that I have hitherto foreseen, if the Malakoff Tower fronts were left in a state of security.
The enemy having been able to establish himself towards the end of the ridge on our side of the Careening Bay, has increased the difficulties of the reduction of the place considerably. So long as he holds that point, he renders'any attack, or even appearance of any real attack, upon the tower of Malakoff, and from there to the Careening Bay, almost impossible, and by that bold measure he gains besides a triumph that must have

24
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
a great effect upon his own confidence in a power of resistance, if it may not act injuriously on the morale of the allies.
I should therefore hold it to be expedient to drive him from that post by whatever may be conceived the best means, before attempting any assault or lodgment on his lines or the Redan ; that is, I still think that we should adhere to the project of the French note of 2d February 1855, which would entail the necessity of dislodging him from that advanced position.
I do not percei /e any insuperable difficulty in carrying on approaches much further towards that point, even now.
If to be approached by degrees, two other measures would tend towards its isolation, and very much weaken the position of the force for its protection, and lessen its confidence ; one to drive away the shipping and steamers from all the upper part of the harbour above, and off the mouth of the Careening Bay; and the other by advancing along the left side of the Careening Bay valley to the Mamelon.
The first will require some guns (probably even two may be sufficient) on the brow to the right of the present most advanced French parallel, to act in conjunction with those in the battery that is already established and armed opposite the lower Inkerman lighthouse. With regard to the approaches towards the Mamelon, it is probable that a site might be found somewhere on their right for a battery that, with little exposure to the enemy’s batteries, would greatly command the -whole of the valley down to Careening Bay. On the accomplishment of those measures I apprehend that the reduction of the new lodgment of the enemy would not be difficult, and the advances towards the Redan might be carried on at the same time, that is, as soon as the enemy’s riflemen shall be compelled to retire by the advance towards the Mamelon.
There will still be a difficulty to be provided for. The advances to close on the Redan will require an addition of at least 1,000 men in the trenches of the Right attack, for guard and working parties. The strength of the British army will not admit of then- taking this increased duty; but it is hoped that it may be obtained from the French as a joint corps, the British taking the front and the works, as it is their operation, and the French acting as a support in case of serious sorties.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
Memorandum by Lieut.-General Sir John Burgoyne.
Memo. Camp before Sebastopol, 1st March 1855.
As an explanation on some details for works referred to in my Memo, of this date on the further attacks of Sebastopol, and to meet objections that have been made by the French officers to certain proceedings, I would suggest that with regard to any difficulty that may be apprehended in the establishment or service of the proposed battery against the shipping in the upper harbour, which I have recommended to be somewhere on the right of the present most advanced French parallel on Inkerman ridge, it may be overcome by separating the guns to some little distance asunder, as an additional security ao-ainst the fire from the shipping themselves, and some additional embrasures opened to give an appearance of a heavier battery, against the enemy’s guns near the light-house, and on the north side generally. Each gun might be covered by a strong epaulment on

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
25
that side, and even a parados, if necessary. If these guns effected the object at all, their service would be short, and they would be available, or at least a part of them, for other batteries.
Memorandum on the present circumstances of the Operations against Sebastopol.
Camp before Sebastopol, 8th March 1855.
The enemy having fairly established himself on the point of the ridge to the right of the Careening Bay valley, and it being considered inexpedient to attempt to drive him from it, any attack or threatened attack on the Malakoff Tower, which formed a main feature in the project of the 2d February that had been generally concurred in, becomes impracticable ; and the only resource left to the Allies for proceeding against the place on the right of the Man-of-war creek (Port du Sud) is to confine the operations to the front of the Redan and Barrack batteries, with a view to a general assault or lodgment on that side.
To lessen the difficulties in the way of that attack, it will be necessary to push the approaches very much nearer, being now not less than COO yards from the salient; and that cannot be done until the enemy’s riflemen, who are posted greatly in advance on. our right, shall be driven in ; but, supported as they are by the works at the Malakoff Tower and between it and the great harbour, this can only be effected by a parallel or lodgment on the Mamelon, which is about 600 yards in front of the Tower, and which the French propose to do.
Notwithstanding these necessary changes of plan, it is to be remarked that every preparation that has continuously been carried on would bo applicable to any system of attack, and especially towards that which appears to be now imperative, every battery that can be brought to bear on it having been completed and armed as a primary measure, because, whatever operations were to have been undertaken, those against the Redan and Barrack front must have formed a part.
Since this course precludes any attempt to storm the Malakoff fronts, increased efforts should be made against the line that is to be assailed ; therefore it will be desirable to turn as many of the pieces as possible of those that are established in the British right attack on the front of attack; and, what will be almost equivalent to an increased number of pieces, to apply a larger proportion of the ammunition for firing on that front than towards the Tower.
The attack on this side has been always in the hands of the British, and so it seems reasonable that it should continue; and it must be now the anxious endeavour of the engineers to prepare as many means as possible for the proceedings ; but, besides the ' works, an additional force of not less than 1,000 men will be required in the trenches to oppose the efforts which the enemy will probably make by heavy sorties to impede its progress. This addition the British army is not in sufficient strength to provide ; but if obtained from the French it might be as a reserve in the rear parallel, while the British took the front and active operations on themselves.
J. F. Burgoyne.
D
(Signed)

26
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The ammunition hitherto proposed to be brought up for the batteries, viz., 500 or 600 rounds per gun, and 200 or 300 per mortar, should be considered a minimum. It would be very desirable to have at least one half more available for the period the fire may necessarily last.
Memo.
Camp before Sebastopol, 8th March 1855.
To carry on the nearer approaches towards the Redan which will now be necessary, a great number of gabions would be most useful. As great a collection should be made as possible of them, and brought forward to the neighbourhood.
It may be worth examination whether many now fixed in works to the rear might not be taken down, to augment the number, and their place supplied by stones or other means; a large number of sandbags will be of use; and platforms and magazine stuff should be brought up for additional batteries, which will no doubt be wanted, besides for repairs of those existing.
The more cover that can be gained without expending gabions and sandbags the better, in order to spare them for the nearer approaches, or they may be employed in the first instance, and subsequently removed.
The covering party for each attack is now of 800 men. When this attack is carried on towards the Redan, I consider that an increase will be required of at least 1,000 more, to resist the more powerful and repeated sorties that may be made upon it. The strength of the British will not admit of that additional duty; but if the French will provide it the British 800 may perform all the works, perhaps, and give the covering parties in front, the French force acting chiefly as a reserve against sorties.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyne.
The foregoing papers show the nature of the communications which passed before a final decision was obtained and the order given for carrying on the attack.
The total number of men belonging to the army in the Crimea on 1st February 1855 amounted to 44,163 rank and file; 26,142 were either sick, on command, or otherwise employed, showing that considerably more than one half of the army was unavailable for the services of the siege and other important duties connected with the army. The latter were very heavy in addition to the ordinary duties of the camp.
I

1198 18,021 5428 268G 5771 12,257
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
2/
IO
o
Cavalry - - 15
Artillery and Sap-1 j j
pers and Miners J
Infantry - - 94
o
o
w
00
Field Officers.
CO
to
28
19
265
Captains.
00
CO
38
75
376
Subalterns.
to
*4
43
23
11
Staff.
1297
110
153
1034
Serjeants.
<
Cl
CO
o
26
45
459
Trumpeters and Drummers.
■*
>
16,194
838
2551
12,805
Rank and File.
VI
co
to
GO
oo
O N-
Serjeants.
0
3
- 1 w
a
s - 1
Trumpeters and Drummers.
>5 a »■
o S' 3 •< 5 S
c»
p.
••
00
a -- to
Bank and File.
?
•ft
00 CO *'4
<o
20
15
144
Serjeants.
,
?
Cl
to
to
Ct Ct to ’
Trumpeters and Drummers.
■
3
hi
to
t
0
oo
O to to
Rank and File.
;
«t
to 0 > *vj
to
o
co
10
3
i
!
106
Serjeants.
Cn
*•>
2
4
48
Trumpeters and Drummers.
rti
cn
0
CT
•u
Ct
o
00 Ok —
Rank and File.
oo
a to c
w
s*
c*»
o
C’» to to
Serjeants.
a
Cn 00 Co
©
Trumpeters and Drummers.
>
c*
cn
<6
•x a-
r-
cs
©
"V C5 Cl
Z,
Rank and File.
Co
u “ 00
.u
4*
“
- to
° Hr?
ID 0_
©
<T>
a
C* to CO
g § P
<T>
GO CO O
3 H "
CO?
CO
p
©
©
©
S
5'
cr?
in
P
<rr
©
©
P-
f 1
©
a
p
C S-
CO
►n
©
©*
00
Cx
D 2
aaar^i..^.L— ......... ...___—_.--—-——■—.

JOURNAL
OP THE
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The following arrangement has been adopted, that is, to divide the Daily Reports of the Officers of Engineers on duty in the Trenches, commencing in February 1855, into four periods in each Month; then follow extracts from the Daily Report from Look-out Station for the same periods; the General and Brigade Orders are then inserted; and are followed by observations by the General commanding Royal Engineers on the wbrk executed during the period, on any subject deserving of attention connected with or having reference to the siege operations.
The Daily Reports detail the extent of new works executed during the previous 24 hours, as well as the repairs to the Batteries and Trenches.
PI. VIII. has reference to the Left Attack. PI. VII. has reference to the Right Attack.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 4. Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
fist relief, 149 men.
* * 12d relief, 118 „
. . 4 brigades.
fCapt. Stanton, R.E. duty l Lieut. Pratt, E.E.
The two reliefs were employed improving the left of the advanced 3d parallel, and tlio communications on the right, laying mortar platforms, and excavating
for the magazine.
February 4, lflght,
7 p.m. to 12.
Working Party.
Line .... 12ft men.
Sappers . . . 24 brigades.
Officer on duty Capt. Craigie, E.K.
The Sappers put up sandbag loopholes on the left of the boyau leading to the advanced parallel, and the Line continued the boyau on the right leading to the Lancaster gun battery No. 1.
Wounded, 1 officer.
1855.
February 5, Bay.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 190 men. 2d relief, 157 „
3 brigades.
Lieut. Penn, R.A.
Making banquette, and thickening parapet on right of first parallel, and second and third batteries, improving the terrepleine at the Picquet-house battery. Both reliefs were similarly employed.
February 5, Day.
8 AAI. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line ....
Turks . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 170 men.
12d relief, 169 57 men.
4 brigades.
^ Lieut. Murray, R.E. X Lieut. He Vebe, It.E.
Two brigades of Sappers were employed at either extremity of the 3d parallel, clearing away rock, forming drains, and making a banquette. The Line assisted the Sappers on the left of the parallel, also in excavating for the magazine of the new mortar battery No. 7.
Widening and draining the trench of the right approach, and forming a banquette.

30
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 5, Might.
6 P.M. to 4 A.it.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer an duty
1st relief, 118 men.
2d relief, 112 „
li brigades.
Lieut. Graham, R..E.
Thickening the parapet of No. 4 battery, and backing up the revetment ; improving the cover in the advanced trench.
The Russians kept up a constant fire. At 11 o’clock, from the Garden Battery, a shower of small shells was thrown to the right of the advanced trench, but they burst in the air.
1855.
February 5, Might.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... | Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 168 men. 2d relief, 103 „
1 brigade.
Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
The two reliefs broke ground, and obtained cover along a portion of the new boyau leading to the second parallel, Right approach ; they also collected stone for revetting the banquette, which was piled on the reverse of the trench; the whole of the exterior of the drain was cleared during the first relief.
February 6, Bay.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 288 men.
2d relief, 268 „
3} brigades.
Capt. Hassard, R.E.
Filling sand bags, and repairing merlon of No. 4. battery ; making banquette, and thickening parapet between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries ; giving additional cover to roof of magazine in No. 3 battery; improving right of first parallel.
February 6,Might.
6 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Wouking Party.
. . . 130 men.
li brigades. ' ^apt. Ch ftegt.
Line . .
Sappers .
Officer on duty Chapman, 30th
Revetting the merlons of No. 5 battery ; building two embrasures ; fixing a liurter with breaching tackle ; widened and deepened the trench in the Woronzoff Road.
Heightened and thickened the parapet, made several trous-de-loups in front of the trench, and deepened the drain leading from it.
"Wounded, 2 rank and file.
February 7, Day.
8 A.M. tO 5 A.M.
Working Party.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
pst relief, 269 men. {. 2d relief, 163 „
3} brigades.
Major Bent, R.E.
Commenced a new mortar battery on the right of No. 1 battery, by thickening and revetting the parapet with gabions, and levelling for platforms ; improved the drainage of No. 1 battery; fixed frames for another magazine ; excavated under the parapet of No. 2 battery ; strengthened three merlons, and continued banquette on the left ; revetting portion of parapet with sand bags on right of No. 3. battery,
February 6, Day.
8.30 A.M to 4.15 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Turks . . .
Officers on duty £
1st relief. 146 men.
2d relief, 150 „
4 brigades.
48 men.
Capt. King, R.E.
Lt. Green, H.E.I.C.S.
The Sappers, besides general superintendence, cleared rock round the traverses in the advanced work ; laid platforms in the new mortar battery, and excavated for magazine.
The Line cleared the drains in the 21-gun battery, boyaux, and advanced work ; made good portions of the banquette, in the trenches generally.
February 6, Might.
7 P.M. tU 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 138 men.
Sappers ... 1 brigade.
Officer on duty Capt.VACBER, 39tliReg.
Deepened and widened the trench of the right boyau ; opened and cleared part of the drain ; cut through the parapet at the right mortar magazine No. 2, M.B.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
February 7, Day.
9 A.M. to 4 PM.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Turks
1st relief, 134 men. 2d relief, 140 „
4 brigades.
52 men.
( Lieut. Pratt, R.E,
Officers on duty < Capt. WoisRLEY, 90th (. Regt.
Improving the trench of the right communication, and building banquettes in it, and getting more cover on the left of the advanced work; the Sappers widened the rocky parts of the trenches, and excavated for the mortar magazine ; the Turks cleared up the 21-gun battery, and carried gabions from the park ; the officer of engineers on duty reports much time having been lost by the field officer detailing a

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
31
Left Attack.
and the old mortar battery; commenced laying one mortar platform ; revetting one embrasure in the “ Terrible ” gun battery ; and made good portion of revetment with sand bags.
1855.
February 7, Nigbt,
7 P-M. to 4 A.M.
Working Paett.
fist relief, 192 men.
* * * 12d relief, 154 „
Sappers . . . \ brigade.
Officer on duty Capt. Montagu, E.E.
Line
Thickening and heightening the parapet of the mortar battery on the right of No. 1 ; clearing the trench, and improving the cover on the extreme right of the second parallel.
February 8, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 140 men.
2d relief, 162 „
3 brigades.
Lieut. Neville, E.E.
On the right of the first parallel and at the mortar battery the parapets were thickened. The excavation at the shell room was continued, and splinter proofs were carried down to cover it in. On the right of the “ Arethusa ” battery the sleepers for one gun were laid, and the ground between them levelled and rammed. The terrepleine of No. 3 battery was also levelled. One half of the revetment of one embrasure in No. 5 battery was finished ; and in Nos. 2 and 3 batteries two traverses were taken down and three- fourths rebuilt, 60 sand bags being filled for heightening the parapet near No. 3 battery.
Working Party.
February 8, Wight, zdne .... 188 men.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M. Sappers ... 3 brigades.
Officer on duty Lieut Penn, RA.
Fifty men were employed increasing the thickness of the parapet from the outside of the mortar battery, and a similar number in masking the embrasures of Nos. 1 and 2 batteries. Laid the sand bag revetment of two traverses in No. 3 battery, and masked the embrasures of batteries Nos. 4 and 5. The Line worked badly.
Right Attack.
few men from each regiment in the trenches, of which there were seven.
1855.
February 7, Wight.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 250 men.
2d relief, 230 „
H brigades.
Lieut. Murray, E.E.
Two hundred and forty yards of new trench, leading from the right of the battery, No. 1, towards the Picquet in the ravine, were commenced; one half of it was in very rocky soil ; 100 men were employed in completing a portion of the trench forming the right communication to the third parallel.
Wounded, 2 rank and flic.
February 8, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . |
Turks .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty £
1st relief, 190 men.
2d relief, 201 „
54 men.
4 brigades.
Capt. Craigie, E.E. Lieut. Lowry, E.E.
Raised the parapets of the mortar batteries in the 21-gun battery, which was cleared up by the Turks, as also the left boyau ; in the advanced (third) parallel, improved and widened the trench, thickened parapet of new mortar battery No. 7 ; drained one boyau ; 100 Englishmen employed on the trench of the right boyau.
February 8, Wigbt.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
T . fist relief, 100 men.
Line .... (2d relief, 178 Sappers ...
Officer on duty
XM ruiici, X40
brigades.
Lieut. De Verb, E.E.
Both reliefs were employed in widening the communication from the right Lancaster gun battery No. 1, to the ravine, the Sappers being distributed over the rocky portions.

32
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 9, Bay.
7 a.m to 4.30 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sapper8 . . . Officer on duty
5" 1st relief, 162 men. (2d relief, 175 „
12 men.
Lieut. Graham, R.E.
1855.
February 9, Bay.
9 A.M. tO 1 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Turks .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
176 men.
35 „
4 brigades.
Capt. King, R.E. •
. Mr. Newsome, C.E.
Building banquette ; raising parapet of mortar battery ; making traverse between Nos. 2 and 3 batteries ; Sappers laying a platform in the “ Arethusa ” battery ; raising the parapet of the second parallel.
The brigades of Sappers mining and improving the cover on the right and left of the advanced trench, one brigade superintending the Line and Turks, one brigade of carpenters forming magazine in the mortar battery No. 6 ; cleared the 21-gun battery, boyau, and advance ; also improved the cover on the left of the advance and in front of the new mortar battery No. 7.
The artillery officer on duty reported that his men in the care of magazine imagined they heard the sound of voices, and people working below them ; on a careful examination no such noises could be detected ; and a similar report having been made before, with the same result, no foundation can be traced for it.
February 9, Night.
Working Party.
Line ....
Sappers . . .
Officer on duty Capt. Hassard, R.E.
February 9 f Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
r ,. fist relief, 92 men.
Line .... (2d relief, nil.
Sappers ... It brigades.
Officer on duty Capt. Stanton, R.E.
There was no work performed, owing to the inclemency of the weather.
Traced out and commenced 100 yards of communication towards the ravine on the right of No. 1 battery ; but little work was done, the soil being rocky, and the night so dark the men could not see what they were about; owing to this, and an alarm being given, no relief was employed.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
February 10, Bay.
9 A.M. to 4.30. T.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 199 men.
Sappers ... 3 brigades.
Officer on duty { Ca^ Chapman, 20th
February 10, Bay.
9 A.M. to 4.30 P.M.
Working Party.
Line • • • • Turks .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 194 „
17 men.
4 brigades.
' Lieut. Baynes, R.E. .Lt. Green, H.E.I.C.S.
Deepening and draining part of No. 2 parallel; re- pairing banquette ; heightening and thickening parapet ; one 13-inch mortar platform laid ; deepening trench, and heightening parapet between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries ; making good earth in rear of Alderson’s platforms in Nos. 2 and 3 batteries, and general minor repairs.
On the left of the advanced trench, third parallel, removed rock, increased the cover, and drained ; a serjeant of the 47th Regiment was killed by a rifle bullet; widened the trench, and improved the cover in the boyau leading to the right of the advanced trench, third parallel; in the 21-gun battery cleared drains, &c. generally ; a man was arrested in the advanced trench, and sent to head quarters on suspicion of being a spy.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
33
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 10, Night. 7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Pasty.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 183 men. 2d relief, 54 „
\ brigade.
Major Bent, R.E.
Improving the parapet of the mortar battery on the Right from the outside ; revetting parapet and merlons of 10"-gun on right of the Arethusa battery, also from the outside ; filling and carrying sand bags.
Revetting with sand bags the embrasures and parapet of No. 5 battery ; raising the parapet.
February 11, Say.
7.13 A.ii. to 4 p.m.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 156 men.
2d relief, 150 „
3 brigades.
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Deepened the trench between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries, and widened it; excavated from sleepers to a mortar platform in rocky soil ; eight gabions were filled and placed on the parapet of No. 4 battery ; the trench of the second parallel was deepened and widened.
I Working Party.
February 11, Wight.; zinc ....
-to- Sappers . . .
I Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
No work executed on account of the inclemency of the weather.
February 12, Day.
8.30 a.M. to 4.30 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 252 men.
2d relief, 262 „
20 men.
Capt. Montague, R.E.
Cleared the trenches and improved the cover on the right of No. 1 battery, and between Nos. 1 and 2 ; formed a slope in rear of a gun platform in No. 2
1855. |
February lO, Night.;
8 P.M. to 12. I
Working Party.
Line .... 179 men.
Sappers ... 1 brigade.
Ojficer on duty Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
One hundred and fifty men were employed at the first parallel communication with the Right ravine widening the trench and thickening the parapet ; the remainder broke ground on a portion of the approach between the third parallel and 21-gun battery ; half the brigade of Sappers cut a drain through the parapet of the advanced work, near the Well.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Working Party.
_ T ■ „ fist relief, 175 men.
February 11, Day. - Li lc ■ • • • (»d relief, 170 „
8 A.M. to 4 p.m. Sappers ... 5 brigades.
.... . f Lieut. Murray, R.E.
Officers on duty ^ Lieut. 1 )e Verb, R.E.
Two brigades of Sappers removed rock from the third parallel, and formed drains there, and half a brigade were similarly employed in the trench on the right of the battery No. 1, leading to the ravine ; the carpenters were employed at the magazine in the new mortar battery No. 7 ; the Line cleared the drains and the left approach to the third parallel, and repaired the banquette, formed a latrine near the mortar battery No. 6 ; continued the trenches of the Right approach with 90 men, while 50 were in the trench leading to the ravine from No. 1 battery.
February XI, Wight.
8 P.M. to 12.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . .
Officer on duty
52 men.
1 brigade.
Capt. WOLSELEY, 90th Regt.
The party was employed at the communication, between the right of the battery No. 1 and the middle ravine; the officer on duty, or assistant engineer, applied to the field officer for a larger number of men, but was refused on the ground of the inclemency of the weather.
February 12, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . .
Turks . . Sappers .
Officers on
• • (
duty |
1st relief, 206 men. 2d relief, 307 „
23 men.
4 brigades.
Capt. Craigie, R.E. Lieut. Lowry., R.E.
In the 21-gun battery cleared out the trench, and left boyau, raised a portion of it with rough stone, and improved the drainage ; in the advanced parallel,
E

34
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
battery ; building a revetment for a new 10-inch gun ; improved the cover ; made banquette in the second parallel ; the Sapper carpenters made two quoins for 10-incli mortars, and laid three sleepers for a mortar platform.
Working Party. r ■ „ f 1st relief, 31 men.
rebruary 12, Night. Jjlne • • • • \ 2 d relief, 121 „
0.30 P.M. to 4.30 A.M. flappers ... 4 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
In the Arethusa battery, cut through parapet for fixing trucking tackle to hurter of new 10"-gun ; strengthened the right of the second parallel ; a small cutting was made in advance on the road leading from the WoronzofF Road to the right of the second parallel ; deepened the trench connecting the WoronzofF Road with the second parallel ; formed six more trous-de-loups in front, three feet deep and four feet in diameter.
February 13, Say.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party. r:„. fist relief, 235 men.
Une .... 1 2 d relief, 211 „
Sappers . . . 20 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Penn, R.A.
The two reliefs were employed in thickening the parapet of No. 1 mortar battery, making a banquette on the right of the first parallel, and filling up holes in the trench.
Clearing out the second parallel, making banquette, and thickening parapet; repaired two magazines ; laid one mortar platform.
February 13, Night.
8 r.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
t f 1st relief, 95 men. Line .... 12d relief, 69 „
Sappers ... 4 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Hassard, R.E.
Finished the parapet of the mortar battery on the right of No. 1 battery ; blinded one embrasure in the Arethusa battery ; heightened the parapet of the second parallel and No. 5 battery.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
cleaned out, widened, and drained the trench ; the Turks carried materials from the engineers’ park.
1855,
February 1Z, Night.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Sappers ...
Officer on duty Lieut
12d relief, 90 1 brigade.
. Vrxj
’ratt, R.E.
Repaired two embrasures, and continued the approach towards the middle ravine from No. 1 battery.
Working Party.
_ . _ _ _ t;.,„ ( 1st relief, 155 men.
February 13, Day. Ltne .... relief, 68 „
8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sappers ... 4 brigades.
Officers on duty {
The Sappers removed the rock from the advanced parallel (third) ; the carpenters laid 13"-mortar platforms ; the drains were all cleared, except that in the advanced parallel near the Well, and the communications made good.
February 13, Night.
6 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Zouaves . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
2d relief, 50 men.
1st relief, 200 men.
If brigades. fCapt. ICing, R.E. j Lieut. Baynes,
) Caj)t. of French En- L gineers.
A new battery, No. 9, was commenced in rear of the right advanced trench, one and a half brigades of Sappers superintending, tracing, and acting as guides to working parties, as well as filling gabions when their services were not otherwise required ; the French broke ground, excavating a trench two feet deep by about four and a half feet in width along the whole extent of the battery and approach, which is intended for eight guns ; the cover obtained was very good, and the order, silence, and regularity with which the work was conducted under the superintendence of a Captain of the French engineers was very remarkable.
i

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
35
Left Attack.
18S5.
February 14, Day.
8 a.m. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 183 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty JCbg^GttABUy.SOth
On the right of the first parallel, removed rock from the trench, rebuilt two merlons in No. 2 battery, and one merlon and a traverse in No. 4 battery; cut into the parapet, to lay breaching tackle hurters for a 10-inch gun, and laid one course of gabion revetment between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries ; excavated for an additional magazine. The drains throughout were attended to generally.
Working Party.
February 14, Night. Line • . . . 10S men.
9 P.M. to 3.30 A.M. Sappers ... 4 „
Officer on duty Lieut. C. Gordon, R.E.
Five rifle pits (a) were commenced between the left of the advanced trench and the right of the French picquets, so that our double sentries may communicate with theirs at night.
The officer on duty reports that the sentries on duty are not placed more than 20 yards in advance of the third parallel, and that the caves on the brow of the hill were not occupied. The trench on the Woronzoff Road on right of the second parallel was cleared ; but it is impossible to connect it with right of the second parallel. .
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Right Attack.
The field officers on duty in the trenches could only furnish 50 men as a relief, and they worked in a most unsatisfactory manner ; they carried gabions from the rear of the 21-gun battery, and placed them in front of the new battery, No. 9, as a temporary screen from riflemen for men working in front of the parapet, without which they could not remain there during the day ; these gabions were filled chiefly by the exertions of the Sappers.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
1855.
February 14, Say.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
French ... 200 men.
Line .... 200 „
Sappei'8 ... 6 brigades.
Turks .... 28 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
The French troops were employed at the new 8-gun battery No. 9, in continuation of the works commenced the previous night ; the trench in rear being three feet deep and about six feet wide. The enemy’s fire was very heavy for an hour and a half, when it slackened ; three men were killed and seven wounded during the morning. 110 men were employed in the zig-zags between the advanced mortar battery No. 10, and the extreme right, 40 between the Well and the Coehorn battery No. 7, 10 on the extreme left of the advanced trench. These men repaired banquettes, cleared the drains, heightened the parapets of and made loop-holes in their respective works, laying down metalling for a road, in which they were assisted by the Turks, who also drained and cleaned Frenchman’s Hill battery.
February 14, Night.
S P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working- Party.
French . . . Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
1st relief, 166 men.
2d relief, 166 „
It brigades.
Lieut. Murray, R.E. Lieut. Graves, R.E.
The French, who formed the 1st relief, worked particularly well at the new 8-gun battery No. 9 and the communication to it. The English, enlarged the right zig-zag where it joins the battery, also the trench leading to the ravine on the Right.
Wounded, 1 officer and 1 rank and file.
E 2

36
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
February 15, Day.
* 8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Ojjiccr on duty
1st relief, 160 men. 2d relief, 100 „
20 men.
Major Bent, R.E.
Fixed one frame for an additional magazine on the right of No. 3 battery ; continued the excavation, using a false frame. In No. 3 battery rebuilt portions of a traverse and magazine in rear (injured by shot), and improved the drainage of the terreplein ; revetted the parapet of 10"-gun, also the upper portion of the parapet of No. 4 battery and adjoining traverse ; levelled and drained the terrepleine of No. 6 battery, deepened the trench of the same parallel, and formed banquette.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 15, Day.
8 A.M. tO 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... French . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
' 1st relief, 200 men.
: 2d relief, 199 „
100 men.
6 brigades.
Oapt. Craigie, R.E. Cajut. Wolseley, 90 til . Regt.
The French were employed at the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and communication to it at Frenchman’s Hill; improved the trench on the right of the Lancaster gun battery No. 1, leading towards the ravine and the trench of the right boyau near the battery ; cleared the drains. The Turks improved the left boyau by metalling the trench, carried gabions to the advanced trench, third parallel, and brought up one mortar platform from the engineers’ park. In the advanced trench, third parallel, several bad gabions were taken down on the left, and replaced. The drainage was improved and banquette formed, both here and in the right boyau. Forming latrines, and magazines for mortars. After the French left, 11 brigades of Sappers were employed clearing away rock. The Russian working parties were chiefly occupied at the battery to our right of the Redan, and at that in the valley to the left of the Tower,
REPORTS FROM LOOK-OUT STATION.
1855 . Great shouting heard in the direction of the French attack. In consequence, General
February 1. Bosquet moved down to Victoria Redoubt with his Division. At 4 p.m. all was quiet. The French troops returned to their camp.
The English troops were not turned out.
February,z. The Russians yesterday in front of the Malakoff Tower strengthened their sentries and parties in the pits considerably. Supposed to have been done in consequence of the Division Bosquet having been seen at the Victoria redoubt in the morning.
February 3. During yesterday two or three loaded carts were seen to arrive on the north side.
February 6 . Last night, in consequence of some misunderstanding with respect to the placing of the advanced sentries on our right, in order that an unbroken chain might be established, the officer of the English picquet was fired upon by the French when feeling his way in order to communicate with the officer. The French appeared not to have been placed so far in advance as the English officer had been led to expect.
February 9 , The enemy was seen to be blasting rock in front of the Redan. A tarpaulin or some other covering was employed to deaden the sound, and to keep out of sight what was going on.
A good deal of rifle firing upon our advanced work, which was returned, and was sufficiently annoying as to cause the enemy’s artillery to open.
February 14 . An unpleasant affair was again nearly occurring, in consequence of the advanced sentries of the French on our immediate right not being posted as agreed upon.
But little fire from the enemy’s artillery.
A considerable noise in the town until a late hour, and much firing in direction of the French lines.
Loud noises in the town as of hammering iron, accompanied by the sound of human voices.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
37
GENERAL ORDERS.
1855. No. 1.—The undermentioned officers have joined the staff of this army :
February 10 . Major-General II. D. Jones, Royal Engineers, 8th February.
Lieutenant J. Cowell, do., A.D.C., do.
Lieutenant R. Jameson, 2d Life Guards, Ex., do. do.
Major-General Jones will take the duties of the command of the Royal Engineer department. Lord Raglan desires to convey to Major Gordon, who has held the command of the department since the 20th October last, the perfect satisfaction he has entertained at the manner in which he has performed that as well as every other duty since he joined the army.
February 12. No. 1.—Officers commanding in the trenches of the several attacks will report immediately to the generals commanding their respective Divisions any occurrence that may appear worthy of early notice, and will always, after being relieved, make a report in a general way of what may have taken place during their tour of duty, as well on the part of the enemy as of the service in the batteries and trenches, to which they will add any remarks or recommendations that may occur to them ; and the generals of Divisions will be good enough to communicate these reports to head quarters by the earliest opportunity after their receipt, or by special messenger, if a more early communication should seem to be desirable.
February 14. No. 7.—The men of the Naval Brigade employed in putting up huts will receive working pay while so employed at the same rate as the men in the trenches.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 15, Wight.
7.30 f.m. to 3.30 A.M.
Working Pabty.
Line . . . , Sappers . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 100 men.
(.2drelief, 111 „
4 men.
Capt. Montagu, R.E.
Right of advanced trench, clearing out and improving cover, 37 men.
Boyaux 4, 5, and 6, clearing out mud, and heightening parapet, 48 men.
Deepening rifle pits, 14 men.
The ground was so rocky that but little progress was made.
1855.
February 15, Wight.
7 r.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
French . . . Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
100 men.
Tat relief, 172 men.
. 2d relief, 174 „ li brigades.
Lieut. Be Verb, K.E. . Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
The Zouaves were employed raising and thickening the parapet of the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and widening its terrepleine posted in front and rear of the battery ; half a brigade of Sappers followed them and removed a good deal of rock. The approach to the new battery No. 9 was improved. Fascines' were laid over the magazine at the new mortar battery No. 7, and covered with 2 ' 6" of earth dressed over with light-coloured gravel. 100 men were employed at the approach, first parallel, to the 21-gun battery from the ravine, and 50 on the zigzag to the right of the advanced work No. 9. There was no firing against the British after dark ; but a continuous musketry fire against the French was kept up all night. Considering the darkness of the night, the Sappers worked very satisfactorily in mining.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
February 16, Bay.
8 A.M. tO 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
February 16, Bay.
8 A.M. tO 4 P.M.
Working Party.
French . . . Line . . . , Sappers . • . Officers on duty
100 men.
1st relief, 199 men.
2d relief, 190 „
6 brigades.
’ Capt. Stanton, R.E. L Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
The communications from the right Lancaster gun battery No. 1 to the ravine, and between the battery
The revetment was extended and parapet thickened of the mortar battery No. 1 ; two frames were

33
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
fixed to the additional magazine, splinter proofs made, and passage frames fixed; the embrasure for a 10-inch gun was laid out; cleared the trench of No. 5 battery, and commenced a drain.
Right Attack.
No. 9, and the advanced trencli on the right, were continued and improved ; on the left of the advanced third parallel several damaged gabions were replaced; the Sappers cleared away rock in various places, and commenced forming traverses in the new 8-gun battery No. 9. The officer on duty reports several gabions wilfully destroyed (evidently done the previous night) on the left of the advanced third parallel. The Russian working parties cleared away the rubbish from the White Tower at the top ; they were also busy at the new battery in the hollow between the Tower and the Redan, and generally along their defences. A considerable force appeared to be in motion on the north side of the harbour, but it was not possible to distinguish clearly what was passing.
The enemy’s riflemen * have been allowed to advance up the right ravine, and take up a position from which they annoy the right advance, third parallel, and if permitted to continue there will cause great inconvenience.
The enemy had a large party employed in taking timber away from an old man-of-war stuck in the Dockyard creek.
* Note.—The Major-General Commanding Royal Engineers recommended these riflemen being driven back from the advanced position they had taken.
1855.
February 16, Kight.i
5 P.M. to 3 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... |
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 118 „
4 men.
Capt. HAS3ABD, R.E.
The two reliefs improved the cover on the left portions of the advanced trench and boyau in rear of it ; sunk four rifle pits (a) for advanced sentries.
1855.
February 16, Nigtat.
7 P.M. to 4t A.M.
Working Party.
French . . . Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
100 men.
fist relief, 150 men.
( 2d relief, 102 „
It brigades. f Capt. King, R.E.
(. Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
The Zouaves continued the new 8-gun battery No. 9, widening the interior space, and removing gabions from the exterior of the ditch, while the British troops improved and increased the cover in the Eight advance, and widened the trench on the right of the right Lancaster gun battery No. 1.
"Wounded, 1 rank and file.
February 17, Day*
8 A.M. tO 1 P.M.
"Working Party.
Line .... 223 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer an duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
Increasing the parapet and continuing the revetment of the mortar battery No. 1 ; building an embrasure for the 10-inch gun ; draining and raising the parapet of the second parallel; improving the
February 17, Say.
9 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
French . . . 100 men.
Line .... 194 „
Turks .... 30 „
Sappers ... 6 brigades.
(Lieut. Murray, R.E. Officers on duty < Lieut. Graves, R.E.
CLieut.SH£EQY,64thEcg.
The Sappers revetted the traverses in the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and removed rock in the trench leading to the ravine on the right ; the French widened the trench and ditch of the new 8-gun battery

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
39
•Left Attack.
cover in No. 2 boyau, and left portion of advanced trench.
Right Attack.
No. 9; the British completed the trench leading to the ravine on the right from No. 1 battery, and they were also employed in the right approach to the third parallel, thickening the parapet, metalling the mortar battery No. 2, and making latrines.
In the forenoon the Russians threw several shot and shell with great precision from the battery near the Tower at our working parties, killing one man and wounding two. The enemy were employed about a battery on our left of the Tower, and at the Tower itself clearing away rubbish.
1855.
February 17, Night.
8 p.m. to 4 a. it.
Working Party.
Line .... 130 men.
Sappers ... 4 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Penn, R.A.
Cleared out the trench and heightened the parapets of Nos. 4 and 5 boyaux.
Made another rifle pit (a), and improved those first made ; formed sandbag loopholes in Nos. 4 and 5 pits.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
1855.
February 17, Night.
8 r.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Trench . Line . . Sappers . Officers on
duty
100 men.
f 1st relief, 200 men.
X 2d relief, 198 „
It brigades. fCapt. Craigie, K.E. ILt. Green, H.E.I.C.S.
Continued the boyau on the right No. 1 battery leading to the ravine ; in the advanced parallel the drainage near the Well was attended to, and the earth in the parapet of the new battery No. 9 levelled out and rammed; both English and French were engaged on this.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
February 18, Say.
8 a.m. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 130 men.
2d relief. 130 „
20 men.
Lt. C. G. Gordon, R.E.
Cleared the trenches, and thickened the parapets of the advanced trench, and in Nos. 2 and 4 and 6 boyaux ; added earth to the top of the magazine on the right of No. 2 battery.
Working Party.
Trench . . . 100 men.
_ . _ fist relief, 165 men.
February 18, Bay. Lane .... £ 2 d relief, 207 „
8 A.M. to 4 P.M. Turks .... 12 men.
Sappers ... 6 brigades.
Officers on duty
Improved the cover for 200 yards along the communication leading to the ravine on the right from No. 1 battery ; the soil was very rocky, and required blasting. Good cover was obtained in 250 yards of the right communication between Frenchman’s Hill battery and the advanced work, third parallel. Completed the right mortar portion, No.l, in 21-gunbattery. The Turks cleaned the drains, and removed stones. The French were withdrawn from to-day, them services being no longer required at the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and were reported by Major Gordon, R.E., to General Bosquet, as having both worked and behaved well; but they continued until the following day.

40
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
February 18, Night.
7 P.M. to 3 A.M.
Line . . Sappers . Officer on
Working Party.
. . 200 men.
Mu { Ca t CnAF * AX '
20th
These men were employed in thickening the parapets of the batteries 2, 3, 5, and 13-inch mortar; added earth to magazine on right of No. 2 battery.
Five Russian deserters came into the advanced trench about 7 p.m. ; gave themselves up, and were sent to head quarters of the third division.
i Working Partv.
February 19, Day. I Line .... 220 men.
8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sappers ... 20 „
I Officer on duty Capt. MoxTAG'J, R.E.
Cleared the trench, and improved the cover in the first parallel, between No. 1 and No. 2 batteries, and second parallel; made banquettes; levelled the ground in No. 2 battery ; finished slopes to platforms ; earthed up No. 3 traverse and magazine in rear of the old mortar batter) - .
| Working Party - .
February 19, Night. Line .... 152 men.
6 P.M. to 12. Sappers ... 4 „ _
1 Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
In the advanced trench of the second parallel, laid out and fitted one row of gabions for a traverse ; the second row placed, but not fitted ; increased the cover there, and in the cut in the Woronzoff Road. The night was dark, and weather unfavourable for work.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 18, Night.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... French . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
Cist relief, 173 men.
12d relief, 173
C100 men, for half a
( night oniy.
H brigades.
("Capt. Stanton, R.E.
-2 Capt. Wolselky, 90tli (. Regt.
Working parties were employed in the communication from the right of the battery No. 1 to the ravine, and improving the covering of the magazine in the advanced mortar battery No. 7; opening a drain through the advanced third parallel near the Well, and in clearing away stone from the rear of the new 8-gun battery No. 9.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Working Party.
French . . * 100 men.
r . fist relief, 202 men.
February 19, Day. Line .... 12d relief, 200 „
8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sappers ... 0 brigades.
Turks .... 37 men.
roe j ... f Lieut. Murray, R.E.
Officers on duty | j jt Surer y, 84th Regt.
Three brigades of Sappers were employed in the new 8-gun battery No. 9, revetting, levelling, and breaking up rock. The carpenters repaired the magazine of the mortar battery No. 8, with sand bags (situated iu the second parallel) ; the remainder of the Sappers superintended, drained, &c., and were distributed in the trench on the right of the battery No. 8, the right approach to the second parallel, and in the Frenchman’s Hill battery. The French completed the trench of the 8-gun battery No. 9, by giving it a slope to the rear. One hundred British troops enlarged the trench of the right approach to the second parallel, and 100 men the trench leading to the ravine; revetted a portion of the 8-gun battery No. 9. The Turks enrried gabions and a gun platform from the engineers’park ; one man was killed by a rifle shot in the 8-gun battery No. 9. Nothing remarkable worth notice was observed in the proceedings of the Russians.
February 19, Night,
7 P.M. to 11.30 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
187 men. li brigades.
' Lieut. I)b Verb, R.E. .Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
Continued the communication with the ravine; thickened the parapet of the communication to the 8-gun battery No. 9; formed a traverse at the termination of a zig-zag ; rammed the earth in the parapet; removed stone from the rear, and opened embrasures of the 8-gun battery No. 9. About

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
41
Left Attack.
la55 | Working Party.
February 20, Day. 1 ""| ; £/Ln.
- to j Officer on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
The weather was too inclement to allow of the working parties being advantageously employed, and nothing was done in the trenches. The passage frames to the magazine between Nos. 1 and 2 batteries were fixed.
I WORKING PARTY.
February 20, Night. 1 Line .... Nil.
- to- : Sappers ... 4 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Hassarp, R.E.
No working parties were furnished in consequence of the violent snow storm. The Russians moved a party of about 30 men against the left of the third parallel, hut finding our sentries on the alert (who were posted in the rifle-pits), they retired.
February 21, Day,
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line
fist relief, 100 men. ' * 12d relief, 100 „
Sappers ... 20 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Pens, K.A.
Cleared snow from the batteries and first and second parallels.
February 21, Night.:
0 P.M. to 3 A.M. |
Working Party.
f 1st relief, 50 men.
• ■ 12d relief, 50 „
Sappers ... 4 men.
Officer on duty Lieut.C.G.GORDON.R.E.
Line
Removed snow from the third parallel and boyaux leading to it. About 9 r.M. a party of Russians, numbering from 30 to 40 men, were observed creeping up towards the caves, on the left of the third parallel ; they were twice challenged, and returning no answer, were fired upon ; after which they retired.
Wounded, 1 officer.
Right Attack.
llh. 30m. p.m. the weather became so unfavourable from wind and snow that no work could be carried on.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Working Party.
T/tne .... 35 men.
February 20, Day. Turks. . . . 5t „
1 P.M. to 4 P.M. Sappers . . . « brigades.
Officer on duty Capt. King, R.E.
The Sappers recovered the tools left scattered about by the working pnrties the previous night; widened the terrepleine of the new 8-gun battery No. 9 ; cleared the boyaux and drains from snow. The Turks carried platform timbers.
February 20, Night,
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
1 i brigades.
Lieut. Graves, R.E. .Mr. Newsome, C.E.
No work was carried on, owing to the inclemency of the weather.
February 21, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 r.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Turks .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
{ 1st relief, 103 men.
(2d relief, 198 „
25 men.
6 brigades.
f Lieut. Anderson, R.E. tLt. Green, H.E.I.C.S.
The Line cleared awny snow from the batteries and approaches. The Sappers quarried, laid platforms, and revetted embrasures in the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and right Lancaster gun battery No. 1. Several gabions in the left of the advanced trench were wilfully damaged by the troops.
Working Party.
_ . _ r-,, fist relief, 196 men.
February 21, Night. Line .... [ 2< 1 relief, 198 „
7 r.M. to 4 a.m. Sappers ... H briirades.
Officersonduty
Regulated the earth on the parapet of the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and rammed the merlons ; cleared the ditch of snow, and extended it so as to procure earth for the parapet of the approach ; removed stone from the rear of the terrepleine, an l cleared the snow from the trench communicating wi ll the ravine from No. 1 battery.
F

42
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Reports from Look-out Station.
1855. The enemy during the night threw a number of shells at our working parties, but without
February 19. causing any casualty.
February 20 . Yesterday the Russians were seen hard at work around the Malakoff Tower.
For about one hour a heavy fire of shot and shell was directed against battery No. 9. No casualties.
About 5 p.m. yesterday a large body of troops, about 5,000, was seen leaving Sebastopol, and taking the direction of Inkerman on the Tcliernaia. A sergeant of the 90tli Regiment was found missing from his picquet, supposed to have deserted to the enemy.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
1855 . No. 3.—Officers who have reason to be dissatisfied with the conduct of working parties
February 20. will pay particular attention, in making their reports, to the several points laid down for their guidance in Par. 2. of Brigade Orders, 2d January 1855.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
| Working Party.
1855. | .... 100 men.
February 22, Bay. Sappers ... 20 „
8 A.M. to 5 P.M. | officer on duty ^ Ca^CEAPMAN, 20th
One hundred men could only be obtained from the officer commanding in the trenches, who were employed removing snow from the batteries and first parallel ; repairing magazine in No. 2 battery and building a traverse in front of it ; heightening traverses and parapets of No 4 battery, and throwing more earth on the magazine between batteries Nos. 1 and 2.
February 22, Night.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 100 men. 2d relief, 100 „
4 men.
Major Bent, R.E.
Heightened the parapets and increased the trenches of Nos. 1 and 3 boyaux, the right centre of the third parallel, as also its extreme left.
1855.
February 22, Bay.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
fist relief, 198 men.
{ 2d relief, 199 „
8 brigades.
fCapt. Craigie, R.E. •^Cagt. W0L8ELEY, 90th
One hundred English troops and a brigade of Sappers improved the communication with the ravine from No. 1 battery ; cleared and drained the left of the advanced trench and left boyau with 30 men, while a similar party were employed on the right of the advanced trench and right boyau. 39 English troops and three brigades of Sappers excavated the interior of the 8-gun battery No. 9, quarried rock, and cut out embrasures ; laid platforms. A stranger going down the Woronzoff Road was made a prisoner on suspicion of his being a spy.
February 22, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
f 1st relief, 200 men.
I 2d relief, 176 „
li brigades.
("Lieut. Murray, R.E. 1 Lieut. Sheehy, 64th C Regt.
One brigade of Sappers was employed at the new 8-gun battery No. 9, revetting and superintending the working party at the battery ; the Line were distributed thus :—100 men raising and thickening the parapet of the battery No. 9 ; 80 enlarging the communication with the ravine from No. 1 ; 20 clearing the snow from the drains running through the parapet of the third parallel and the left approach.
■' • * V, , /

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
43
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
Tebruary 23, X>ay.
8i Alt. to 44 P.M.
WORKING PABTT.
Line .... 100 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty ’ Capt. Montagu, R.E.
1855.
February 23, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 179 men. ( 2d relief, 149 „
8 brigades.
Officers on duty
Line . . Sappers .
One hundred men were employed thickening and raising the parapet and one traverse in No. 4 battery.
Cleared snow and mud from No. 2 boyau and No. 4 battery ; improved the parapet of the third parallel.
Working parties were employed in the communication from the right of the battery No. 1 to the ravine, in the communication to the advanced third parallel on the right, and in the new 8-gun battery No. 9 ; in the two former making up the parapet and banquette, and in the latter excavating the interior, revetting for and laying platforms, and forming embrasures. The Sappers also cleared away stone in the new battery No. 9, and improved the cover of 4 the magazine in the advanced mortar battery No. 8.
The enemy had working parties employed in breaking up the hulks in the inner harbour, improving their batteries between the Flagstaff Bastion and the Redan, while a small party were throwing up a new work on the Inkerman spur, which has the appearance of a battery, but is as yet in a very unfinished state. A considerable convoy of waggons, &c. appeared to have just arrived on the north side of the harbour, mid a few more came in during tlio day. The town seemed more deserted than usual, and there was no movement of troops observable. Major Gordon, R.E., considers the sleepers furnished with Alderson’s platforms too light for the service required in the 8-gun battery No. 9.
February 23,Night.
Working Party.
Line ■ . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, nil.
2d relief, nil.
4 men.
Lieut. Nevilie, R.E.
February 23, Night.
6.80 P.M. to 4.80 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . | Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 185 men. 2d relief, 115 „
14 brigades.
Capt. King, RE. Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
There was no work done, the ground being frozen too hard. The officer on duty reports troops moving about the Russian advanced works, and that they were apparently in greater numbers than usual in front of our sentries. When the firing commenced (caused by the French attack on the enemy’s new battery on the Mamelon) at 2.30 a.m., all the troops stood to their arms ; but, with the exception of a few shells which fell into Woronzofif Road, no shots were directed at the works of the Left attack.
Repaired the parapet in the Frenchman’s Hill battery ; extended the trench from the right of the first parallel about 40 yards, and improved the cover generally, also increased the parapets of the 8-gun or No. 9 battery and approaches. A sharp fire was heard about 2 a.m. in the direction of the White Tower, which lasted about an hour ; the Russian artillery opened from all their works, but without effect on our trenches or working parties.
Wounded 1 rank and file.

44
JOURNAL OF TtlE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
February 28, Say.
8 A.M. tO 5 P.H.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 mon.
2<1 relief, 160 „
20 men.
Lieut. Graham, R.E.
1855.
February 25, Say.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Partt.
Litie .... Sjpp r.i . . .
Officers on duty
( 1st relief, 200 men.
12d relief, „
8 brigades.
f Lieut. Graves, R.E. I Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
The working party raised the parapets of the second parallel and Nos. 2, 4, and 6 boy an x, also the left portion of the third parallel ; raised the cheeks of the embrasures in No. 4 battery.
The right approach to Frenchman’s Hill battery was continued and nearly completed by 100 men, while 70 cut through the parapet of the battery in the right trench communicating with the advanced works, and formed a banquette in it ; laid platforms in the new 8-gun battery No. 9 ; cleared the terre- pleiue, &c. for magazine ; formed traverses and embrasures.
The Russians were employed strengthening the battery on the advanced Inkerman spur.
February 25,Nlght.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
These men were distributed in the right centre of the third parallel, and in boyaux No. 3 and 5, improving the covers. Great difficulty is experienced by the engineer officer on duty in procuring sufficiently large working parties from the field officer in command.
Line
Working Tarty.
f1st mlief, 100 moil. * * 1 2d relief, 100 „
Sappers ... 4 men.
Officer on daft/ Cant. IIassakd. R.E.
Working Party.
_ . T . . fist relief, 198 men.
February 24,Night. Line .... [ 2d relief, 100 „
7 p.m. to 4 a.m. Sappers. , . 14 brigades.
OHieers mi data f Lieut. ANDERSON, U.E. Officers on duty £ Lieut green, H.E.I.C.
Widened and gained additional cover in the trench leading to the ravine on the right from No. 1 battery ; removed stone from the rear of the 8-gun battery No. 9 ; heightened the approach ; made cover for the magazine and for the free access into the ditch ; made good the parapet opposite the traverses.
February 25, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line * . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 200 „
20 men.
Lieut. Penn, R.A.
Seventy men, in two reliefs, improved the trenches, parapets, and drains of Nos. 2, 4, and 6 boyaux ; a similar number in the centre of the second parallel improved the cover and built banquettes ; 60 men on the left of No. 4 battery cleared out the trench ; half a brigade of Sappers in the advanced trench removed rock by blasting.
February 25, Day.
8 A.M. tO 44 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Turks .... Sapper8 . . . Officers on duty
fist relief,207 men.
1 2<1 relief, 194 „
40 men.
8 brigades.
f Capt. Cropton, R.E, l Mr. Newsome, C.E.
Continued the communication with the right ravine from No. 1 battery, and boyaux between the two liatteries Nos. 1 and 2 ; completed the revetment of three embrasures with gabions ; commenced excavating for two magazines ; laid sleepers for two platforms ; carried one traverse up as high as the interior crest of the parapet ; sank the terrepleine of the new 8-gun battery in rear of the right gun portion.
The Russians were observed carrying timber to their new advanced battery, Selingbinsk redoubt. During the past night they sank about five vessels to form a barrier across the harbour between Forts Constantine and Paul, rather nearer to the latter ; a large frigate which was floating in the line of the harrier sunk at 7.1o A.M. this day.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
45
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855. I
February 25,Night. 8 P.M. to 12.
WORKING PARTY.
imp ....
Sappers ... 4 men.
Officeronduty *° th
1855.
February 25, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
WORKING PARTr.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
Cist relief, 107 men.
1 2d relief, 198 „
It brigades, y Capt. Craigik, ILE.
(. Lt. Sueriiy, 61th Regt.
One hundred and thirty-eight men could only be . obtained from the officer in command, of whom 50 ; thickened and heightened the parapet in the centre of the second parallel, while the remainder worked in Nos. 1, 2, and 3 boyaux, deepening the trench and j thickening parapets ; six blasts were fired at the left j of No. 1 boyan. '
A sortie was attempted by the enemy about 8.30 r.M. on the French right, but it was quickly repulsed.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Working Party.
February 26, Say.
7} A.M. to 4£ P.M.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 170 men.
2d relief, 170 „
20 men.
Licui.C.Q.GoRDoN,R.E.
One hundred English troops extended the communication to the ravine from No. 1 battery, and made a drain through the parapet. In the right boyaux 30 men improved the drainage by cutting round the end of the boyaux ; they also carried stone to form a banquette. In the advanced parallel 10 men collected stone on the extreme left for a parapet to bear on the Woronzoff Road. At the new 8-gun battery No. 9, 60 men were employed revetting, ramming the merlons, increasing the thickness of the parapet of boyaux leading into the battery, and carrying stones from the rear.
Killed 1, rank and file.
j Working Tarty.
_ _ .. _ I fist relief, 200 men.
February 26, Bay. I • • • • c 2d relief, 200 men.
8 a.M. to 4 P.M. I Sappers ... 8 brigades.
' Officers on dutu f Lieut * I)K VjSRE ’ R E *
. Officers on duty £ Licut . Lowry, R.E.
These men cleared out the trenches, thickened the parapet, built banquettes in third parallel and in boyaux Nos. 2, 4, and 6, assisted in blasting by a brigade of Sappers.
One hundred men were employed on the communication leading to the right, ravine from No. 1 battery, deepening and widening the trench, and one brigade of Sappers blasted. 80 men, in the right communication to the advanced third parallel, widened the trench, made drains, and formed banquettes ; 20 men in the new 8-gun battery No. 9 revetted the terrepleine, widened it, and formed a drain. The platforms, with exception of those intended for mortars, were completed by the Sappers. The excavation for the magazines was continued, and embrasures revetted, but still kept masked. Luring the working hours the men -were not fired on ; but a few shells -were thrown (without effect) on a party returning with their tools to the battery. The riflemen kept up a smart fire in the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and advanced trench.
February 26, Night. 8 P.M. to 4 A.M. I
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 143 „
4 men.
Major Bext, R.E.
February 26, Night.
8 r.M. to 4 A.M.
WOEKIXG PAUTY.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 199 men.
2d relief, 137 „
11 brigades.
Capt. Stanton, R.E. Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
Deepened the trenches and improved the cover on the right of the second parallel, and in Nos. 1, 3, and 5 boyaux. The engineer officer on duty reports that he received but little assistance from two officers of the Line in charge of the working party.
Continued the communication from the right of the battery No. 1 to the ravine, deepened the drain iii the boyaux on the right, collected stones for building a banquette, heightened the parapet of the communication leading into the new 8-gun battery

46
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
February 27, Say. 81 A.M. to 41 P.M.
WOBKING PASTY.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 230 „
20 men.
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
These men were distributed in the advanced trench or third parallel, in Nos. 2, 4, and 6 boyaux, and in the second parallel, improving parapets, deepening trenches, and forming drains. There was a suspension of hostilities between the hours of 12 o’clock at noon and 1.30 p.m., for the burial of those who fell on the 23d and 24th instant.
The Russians are working at new batteries on the ridge leading from the Redan and in rear of the Barrack batteries.
February 27, Night.
7 P.M. to 3 A.M.
WoEKINQ PAETY.
Line . . , , j Sappers . . . Offiser on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 200 „
4 men.
Capt. Montague, R.E.
Sixty men in the third parallel, 50 in No. 1 boyau, and 90 in the right of the second parallel, worked in two reliefs, deepening and widening the trenches and improving the cover ; blasted rock in No. 1 boyau.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Right Attack.
No. 9 ; improved the cover in front of ditch of that work, and constructed a place d’armes on the extreme left of the front parallel. The enemy were particularly quiet.
1855.
February 27, Day.
8.80 A.M. to 3.80 P.M.
Wobking Pasty.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 140 men.
2d relief, 195 „
8 brigades.
Capt. Owen, R.E. Lieut. ANDEE80N, R.E.
Laid platforms, formed embrasures, and constructed a magazine in the new 8-gun battery No. 9, where six brigades of Sappers were employed. The Line ■working party distributed in the trench of communication with the ravine on the right of No. 1 battery, and on the approach from the right of Frenchman’s Hill battery. Men employed in perfecting the profile of these works.
A small party cleared and made good the drains generally. The casualties were one man killed and six wounded ; two of the latter were Sappers. Of the six, three were struck by splinters from a shell which fell into the right approach.
The majority of the working party immediately left what they were about, and several hours were lost in consequence. The officer on duty directed a nominal return to be prepared of those who remained at their work, and suggests the propriety of some public notice being taken of them, as likely to be as effectual as the punishment of the others in checking this sort of misconduct. He also observes that many portions of the right approach are enfiladed by the enemy’s riflemen posted on the spur leading to the Mamelon. Lieut.-Colonel Tylden, the director, remarks that he forwarded a report about three weeks ago of the enemy having advanced their riflemen so as to be able to see into one of the right approaches, and that a new trace will be adopted.
Woeking Pasty.
_ ^ __ . . T tup fist relief, 198 men.
February 27, Night. Line .... ( 2 d relief, 199 „
7 r.M. to 4 a.m. Sappers ... H brigades.
„„ f Lieut. Gbaves, R.E.
Office, s on duty j Mr Newsome ; c . e .
By night 100 men opened seventy yards of trench, being the alteration above alluded to, of the right communication to the advanced works, and an average cover of 4' 6" was obtained. In the new 8-gun battery No. 9 deepened the approach to and rear of right gun portion ; raised the parapet from

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
47
Left Attack.
1855.
February 28, Day.
8J A.M. to 41 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 198 „
20 men.
Capt. Hassard, R.E.
Thirty men, in two reliefs, were employed in the third parallel, improving the trenches and building two traverses, while a brigade of Sappers blasted rock. 50 men in the first and 98 in the second relief thickened and heightened the parapet of the right centre portion ; and 70 men, in two reliefs, performed the same description of work in the left centre portion of the second parallel.
February 28, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . | Sappers . . . Officer o-n duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 150 „
4 men.
Lieut. Graham, R.E.
Forty men, in two reliefs, were employed in the third parallel, fifty men on the right of the second parallel, and sixty in No. 1 boyau, improving trenches and parapets. Though requested by the engineer officer on duty, the field officer would not furnish a stronger party.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Eight Attack.
the front, and formed steps. The two reliefs worked in a very satisfactory manner.
Between the hours of 12 and 1 r.M. there was a suspension of hostilities, for the burial of those who fell on the 23d and 24th instant.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
1855.
February 28, Day-
Si A.M. tO 5i P.M.
Line Turks Sappers .
Working Party.
( 1st relief, 162 men.
* * (.2d relief, 197 „
. . 14 men.
. . 7 brigades.
Officers on duty {^^nil.C.S.
The Sappers superintended the various working parties, cleared the drains, formed embrasures and magazines at the new 8-gun battery No. 9 ; while the Line were distributed in various parties, improving and completing the trench leading to the ravine on the right of the right Lancaster gun battery No. 1, in the right communication with the advanced parallel, and on the left of the advance itself. The Turks carried fascines and platform timbers from the engineer park to the 8-gun battery No. 9.
A breastwork has been commenced by the Russians from the right of their new battery assaulted by the French on the night of the 23d instant, in the direction of the Careening Creek ravine.
| Working Party*.
1 f 1st relief, 164 men.
February 28, Night.; L ‘ lne • • • • 1 2d relief, 155 „
7 P.M. to 4 A.M. j Sappers ... 14 brigades.
I f Capt. Crofton, R.E.
I Officers on duty | Li eu t. Lowry, R.E.
Completed the cover required in the approach to the new 8-gun battery No. 9 ; deepened the communication between this battery and the ditch behind the left epaulment; carried the solid of the parapet as high as the sand bag revetment, and rammed it ; changed the direction of the boyaux leading to the advance, and obtained tolerable cover ; made a drain from the latrine in these boyaux, and cleared another in the advance ; took down the parapet close to the Well, carried a drain through, and rebuilt it; placed stones for the men to ivalk over in going for water, to prevent their destroying the drain.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.

48
JOURNAL OF Tire SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Reports from Look-out Station.
1855. The enemy during the night threw a number of shells at our working parties, but without
February 19. causing nny casualties.
February 20. Yesterday the Russians were seen hard at work around the Malakoff Tower.
For about one hour a heavy lire of shot and shell was directed against battery No. 9. No casualties.
About 5 r.M. yesterday, a large body of troops, about 5,000, was seen leaving Sebastopol, and taking the direction of Inkermnn on the Tcliernnin. A sergeant of the 90th Regiment was found missing from his Picquet ; supposed to have deserted to the enemy.
February 24. The Russians were hard at work yesterday, between the Careening Bay and Malakoff, and in advance of their batteries.
Armed men in groups of four and five seen constantly passing to the works which the French attacked the night before last ; as many as 250 or 300 have passed.
During the French attack upon the new Russian works, a very heavy fire of shot and shell was directed against them from every gun which could bear upon the spot.
February 25. The enemy were very busily employed upon their new works all day yesterday, and from the appearance of the fresh earth this morning they must have continued at work throughout the night.
February 26. The enemy was occupied the greater portion of yesterday in sinking a second line of vessels from the point of the town by the Dockyard Creek and the opposite side of the harbour.
The Russians appear to have been employed during the night in completing their new work in front of the Malakoff Tower.
February 27. The Russian advanced riflemen are very troublesome, and have caused several casualties in our trenches.
The Russians have made considerable progress with their new battery during the night, and have commenced a trench in front of it.
February 2a. The French threw some of I heir long range rockets into the town, which brought on a heavy fire of shells from the garrison, many of which fell and exploded near the camp of the 34th Regiment, without doing any mischief.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
1855. No. 1.—Whenever officers have occasion to notice in their Trench Reports any movement
February 25. among the enemy’s troops, arrival of convoys, See., they will be careful to specify the hour of the day or night when such occurrences take place.
No. 2.—Major Gordon, R.E., is requested to take the necessary steps for securing a due proportion of reserve platform timbers and magazine materials in each park, prior to the re-opening of the batteries.
February 20. No. 3.—Officers who have reason to be dissatisfied with the conduct of working parties will pay particular attention in making their reports to the several points laid down for their guidance in Par. 2. of Brigade Orders, January 2d, 1855.
GENERAL ORDERS.
1855. No. 1.—A General Officer for the week will be detailed in general orders, who will have
February 26. charge of the trenches, and be responsible that the duties there are properly conducted, and the orders strictly carried out.
lie will be the officer to whom reference will be made by the engineer officers in the trenches, or by the field officer in command of the guards of the trenches, in all cases of emergency, or when the discretionary authority of a superior officer may seem to be desirable.
lie will visit the trenches himself by day and night, whenever he thinks right.
He will confer with Major-General Jones, commanding the Royal Engineers, upon points connected with the works.
lie will of course remain always at hand to receive reports and to give necessary directions.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
49
He will, by means of his aide-de-camp, collect the reports every morning from the field officers who have been commanding in the trenches, and will forward them, with a report from himself of all occurrences and the result of his own observations during the previous 24 hours.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
Right Attack.—The Russian redoubt (Selinghinsk), thrown up upon the Inkerman Heights at the head of the Careening Creek, having been considered by the French too near their works on the heights above it, they attacked it on the night of the 23rd February, and were repulsed with great loss, and without doing the least injury to the enemy’s work. Since that affair the Russians have completed the work, enclosed it, and made a communication from it to the head of the creek. Three nights since (the 28th February) they commenced a battery (Volhynian redoubt) in advance ' about midway between the work which was attacked and the French 15-gun battery, with what object is not at present clearly perceptible. The construction of these works has been a bold step, and one which will in all probability be very injurious to our approaches to the lodgment to be made on the Mamelon in advance of the tower of Malakoff. -
In consequence of the enemy’s riflemen having established themselves among the rocks in the ravine opposite the right flank of this attack, several casualties have occurred; and as they are allowed to remain there, contraiy to General Jones’s opinion, we have been obliged to make new works to protect individuals as they go to and from Battery No. 9.
The enemy continues very bold in pushing out their advanced posts as far as possible, very much to our annoyance.
The progress of the transport of guns and ammunition is very satisfactory, and if this fine weather continues we shall soon be able to proceed with the attack upon the place.
Left Attack.—During the above period several sorties were made, and directed on the left of our Left attack; but the advanced posts being on the alert, the enemy retired upon being discovered. In one case we made several prisoners. In consequence of the Russians pushing out their riflemen, we have been obliged to alter the direction of our communications, and to increase the height of the parapets, and to thicken those in advance from the effects of the enemy’s artillery.
The French troops who were employed in throwing up No. 9 battery appear to have executed their work in a very satisfactory manner. This was the last time the British had the benefit of their assistance as a working party. From this period their own works became much more extended, and requiring greatly increased numbers for the working parties and guards of their trenches. The English, therefore, had to push on their own attack with the small number of men which the reduced state of their army could afford for duty in the trenches.
The early part of February was principally occupied in getting up stores and materials from Balaklava. This was a most important duty; one very harrassing and difficult. Owing to the state of the road and adjoining land, in which the animals employed in the transport of provisions or stores sank up to the knees in strong adhesive mud, little progress was made, the roads being so bad and the days so short. About the middle of this month there was the heaviest fall of snow which had taken place during the winter, accompanied by severe frost, ther. 22°. All disposable animals were employed in bringing up huts from Balaklava. This necessary operation retarded the transport of powder and shot for the batteries, and of course there was but little advance made in the attack- By the assistance of French horses, some heavy guns, shot and shells, were brought up, advantage having been taken of the frost.
G

50
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
At the latter end of the month of February two important general orders were issued, one dated 23d February, fixing the rate of working pay and hours for the relief of men employed in the trenches. The order of the 26th appoints a general officer for duty in the trenches. This was a most important and necessary appointment, by which it was expected that greater order and regularity would be observed. The number of men the engineers could obtain for work depended entirely upon the caprice of the senior field-officer, whoever he might be ; seldom, if ever, was. the number of men furnished as ordered by the Adjutant General.
The system of taking the working parties from the guards of the trenches is very objectionable.
At this period the French attack extended from the Quarantine Harbour to the English Picquet- house battery No. 6, on their right, passing in front of the Bastion du Mat at 150 yards from its salient angle. The extent of work in their trenches and batteries was very considerable; and there was excellent cover throughout the entire length of them; they also suffered much and experienced great inconvenience from the great quantity of mud in the trenches.
Left Attack.
Working Party.
1855 . T . fist relief, 200 men.
March X, Day. „ .... 12d relief, 200 „
- „ ty, «„« Sappers ... 11 men.
7 A.M. to 0 P.M. Officer on duty Lieut. MCEBAY, R.E.
Two hundred men in two reliefs were employed raising and backing in revetments of batteries Nos. 3, 4, and 5 (PI. VIII.), and improving tho trench on the left of No. 1 parallel. The troops have again been destroying the gabions of traverses in No. 3 parallel, but the officers of engineers on duty have not been able to bring the damage home to any particular regiment.
March X, Night.
64 P.M. to 44 AM.
WOEKINO PAETY.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 150 „
11 men.
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Two hundred men in the 1st relief, and one hundred and fifty in the second, improved the parapet of Nos. 1 and 3 boyaus and the 3d parallel.
Right Attack.
1855 .
March 1, Say.
84 A.M. to 54 P.M,
WOEKINO PAETY.
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 200 „
64 brigades.
Capt. Ceaiqie, R.E.
Ninety men improved the trench of the boyaux leading to the ravine on the right of No. 1 battery ; ten cleared the drains of the battery on Frenchman’s Hill and left boyau ; eighty men improved the trench of right boyau; ten assisted the Sappers in the 8-gun battery No. 9, and ten cleared the drains of the right boyau and advanced trench. The Sappers removed rock, built magazines, fixed liurters, and revetted parapet and embrasures of 8-gun battery No. 9. The Russians have erected another work about 200 yards in front of the battery lately commenced against the works at Inkermann.
March 1, Night.
5 P.M. to 5 AM.
Working Party.
Tiytr, fist relief, 200 men.
lAne .... 12d relief, 200 „ Sappers ... H brigades.
Officer on duty Capt. Owen, R.E.
Completed and rammed merlons behind revetment; forming ramp and approaches to 8-gun battery No. 9 from the rear ; raised parapet of communication witli right approach ; continued new boyau in right approach, and the extension of the line of parapet of mortar battery to meet it ; cut through parapet of approach from Frenchman’s Hill battery (PI. III.), and forming ramp for bringing guns up to 8-gun battery No. 9 ; completing communication with right ravine through the return at the right of the mortar battery.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
51
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
The weather was fine, and there was no firing from the enemy ; still the amount of work done was extremely small.
The entrance to the new boyau from the old one will still be very exposed as long as the riflemen remain on the opposite hill.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
1855.
March 2, Day.
7 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Officer on duty Major Bent, B.E.
The two reliefs were employed improving the cover and widening the 3d parallel ; revetting and building parapet at the magazine in No. 5 battery, on the left of which the trench was deepened; strengthened the merlons in No. 4 battery, and repaired a traverse.
The Sappers made traverses for shell-rooms, and blasted rock ; fifty men filled 900 sandbags.
1855.
March 2, Say. 81 a.m. to 51 r.M.
Wobkixg Pabty.
Line
1st relief, 201 men. 2d relief, 199 „
Sappers . . .
Officer on duty Capt. Staxtox, R.E.
Revetted the cheeks of the embrasures, and the exterior of the battery No. 9, for eight guns ; built magazines and filled sandbags ; heightened the parapet of the new portion of the boyau on the right, and made up banquette ; deepened the drain from Frenchman’s Hill battery.
The enemy had large working parties employed at the works lately commenced on their left; and a large pile of timber was observed in rear of the work attacked by the French a few nights since.
Three embrasures of this work are directed towards the Mamelon in the front of the tower of Malakoff.
There were also working parties employed along the outer line of defence, improving the batteries, &c.; and the officer on duty is of opinion that the enemy is revetting the ditch of the work round the Tower itself.
It appears that another small stone enclosure for riflemen is in course of construction, from which our parties in the communication on the right will be annoyed.
March 2, Might.
6JB.M. to 41 A.M.
Wobkixo Pabty,
Line . . . . £ Scuppers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 200 „
7 men.
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
The working parties were employed in the advanced trench, and in Nos. 1 and 5 boyaux, in a similar manner as in the day. Fifty men filled 1,400 sandbags.
The officer on duty reports that he heard the enemy working at the Quarries in front of the Redan all night; but at daylight there was no appearance of a battery being constructed, although there are evidences of the earth in the rear having been lately disturbed.
A private of the 38th Regiment, being intoxicated,
Wobkixg Pabty.
* w4a ,VA fist relief, 141 men.
March 2, Night. Line .... | 2 d relief, 156 „
S p.m. to 4 a.m. Sappers ... li brigades.
Officer on duty Capt. King, R.E.
The Sappers, besides superintending and clearing drains, made a road for the passage of guns into the new 8-gun battery No. 9, and two were brought in by the artillery. The Line thickened the parapet of the approach to this battery, and new boyaux near the advanced mortar battery No. 8. Improved cover in the trench leading to the caves.
The cut made in the parapet of the right communi- • cation, for the passage of the guns, was blinded with gabions and fascines, agreeably Hr instructions received from the major-general. Captain King, R.E.,

52
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
first fired at the French advanced post, and then walked out towards the Russian picquet, and was taken prisoner.
Right Attack.
closely reconnoitered the Quarries in front of the Redan, and found their sentries strongly posted, but could not discover any sign or hear any sound of new work in that neighbourhood.
Wounded, o rank and file.
1855.
march 3, Say. 8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
( 1st relief 20 i men.
2d relief. 220 „
11 men.
Capt. Montagu, R.E.
Improved Nos. 2 and 4 boyaux, and made a traverse between the mortars in No. 3 battery. 100 men filled 3,200 sandbags in the 3d parallel.
The enemy had a party of about sixty men on the left of the Flagstaff battery (PI. III.), but for what purpose could not be ascertained, beyond that they were filling sandbags.
The Quarries in front of the Redan were watched attentively, but it did not appear that any work was going on.
March 3. Night.
ot P.31, to 41 A.M.
Working Parti'.
Line . . Sapimrs . Officers on
:: {
duty £
1st relief, 265 men.
2d relief, 1)9 „ men.
Capt. Hassard, R.E. Lieut. Murray, R.E.
An elevated battery, No. 7, was commenced in front of the 3d parallel for 6 guns, and a boyau formed by flying sap to it ; and when the working parties were withdrawn, at 4 a.m., the cover obtained was six feet thick at the bottom and 5 feet 4 inches high. The embrasures were built and blinded, the interior slope revetted with sandbags, and backed in by the same, and then covered with earth, so that at daylight the work bore only the appearance of a common trench, when viewed from the enemy’s direction.
One hundred and sixty-five men only could be obtained in the first relief, and ninety in the second ; very few of them did a proper amount of work, with the exception of a party of the 17tli, 37th, and Rifles, who were employed in the front ditch.
The Sappers worked admirably throughout the night, without being relieved.
The enemy did not discover or attempt to molest the working parties, though they opened a sharp fire against the French occasionally.
1855.
March 3, Day.
8£ a.m. to P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 mcu.
2d relief, 200 „
7 brigades.
Lieut. Graves, R.E.
Continued the right approach to the trenches, and formed steps in it ; cleared out rock, and formed banquette in right approach to the advanced work. Revetted traverses and magazines in new 8-guu battery No. 9 ; cleared the drains.
The Russians were employed on the new advanced work on the Inkerman spur.
March 3, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . .
Sappers ... 1$ brigodoi.
Officers on duty £ C ; ipt- (TiAHilE, R.K.
fist relief, 196 men. 12d relief, 193 „
l Lt. Siiekuy, 64th Kcgt.
Opened a boyau to the communication with the ravine on the right ; made a cut through the parapet for relieving sentries by night; increased the cover in portions of the right boyau, but more is required. In the new 8-gun battery No. 9 made magazines, levelled and rammed merlons, revetted traverses, and formed a new ramp for getting guns into battery.
The night was so clear that the men working on the top of the parapet drew down a heavy fire of shot and shell.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
53
Left Attack.
1855.
March 4, Say.
8 a.m. to 41 r.M.
WORKING PABTY.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2<l relief, 200 „
13 men.
Lieut. Graham, R.E.
A working party of two hundred men were employed in raising parapets of 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th boyaux, and in tilling sandbags for new battery No. 7.
One private of the 21st Regiment was killed by a bullet at the junction of the 5tli and 6th boyaux ; the shot was a chance one, and dropped in over the hill from the direction of the Redan.
An enormous train of covered waggons, drawn by two horses each, and similar in appearance to those that were observed entering Sebastopol prior to the battle of Inkennan, were seen arriving at the north fort for upwards of two hours during the middle of the day, but I could not discover that they contained troops.
| Working Party.
1 r „„ f 1st relief, 300 men.
| • • • • 12d relief, 250 „
March 4, Night. Sappers ... 59 men.
7 p.m. to 1 a m. ( Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Officers on duty . Chatman, 23tli
Three hundred men in the first relief, and two hundred and fifty in the second, were employed at the new battery No. 7 , and in the communication to it; the interior revetment (sandbags) was completed to a height of 8 feet, and earth and sandbags thrown against it, and the whole well masked before daylight, when the average section was 14 feet thick at bottom, 5 feet thick at top, and 8 feet high.
The enemy fired several rounds of grape and round- shot. Only one casualty occurred, and that a slight one, to a private of the 4tli Regiment, who received a contusion in the heel.
One regiment worked very indifferently, although remonstrated with by the general on duty.
Killed, 1 rani; and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 4, Say.
85 A.M. to 51 P.M.
Line
Working Party.
fist relief, 200 men.
* ' ’ 12d relief, 200 „ Sappers ... 7 brigades.
Omeers on dutn ( Ca P t - CBOFTON R.E. omcei s on duty ^ Licut Ix j W11Vi ^E.
Working party of the line, 200 men each relief, in two reliefs, employed in continuing communication between 21-gun battery and Picquet ravine ; also in 8-gun battery No. 9, demi-parallel and right of advance ; clearing out drains in battery and advance, and cutting a passage round mortars in udvance.
The working party of the 30th Regiment, fifty men, were an hour late in the afternoon relief.
Seven brigades of Sappers employed in making magazines in 8-gun battery No. 9 ; lengthening with sandbags the platform of ditto, and revetting the genouillieres with sandbags ; also in blasting rock in the communication between 21-gun battery and Picquet ravine.
The Russians, taking advantage of the nature of the ground, threw out some sharpshooters in front of the pits opposite to the right of our advance. Their fire w r as very annoying up to 11 o’clock, when they appeared to retire to their pits.
Between 10 and 1^ o’clock long'strings of waggons entered into the north side of Sebastopol.
March 4, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
— • f 1st relief, 184 men.
Line .... | :drclief 18t m
Sappers ... 11 brigades.
j 7 . fCant. Stanton, R.E. Offiu os on duty ^ p ea tt, R.E.
Working parties were employed in the new r 8-gun battery No. 9 clearing away stones, making a ramp, covering the roofs of the magazines, and filling sandbags.
The Sappers were employed completing the revetment of epaulment over the magazine, revetting traverses, &c. Working parties also employed heightening the parapet of the new boyau, and making steps in the rear, and in the place-of-arms in front of the 2-gun battery (battery for two-field guns), making up banquette, &c.
Two 8-inch guns w'ere taken into the new battery No. 9, and one 24-pounder into the old one, during the night.
The enemy disturbed our working parties by firing a few shells, but no casualties occurred.
Nothing new' in front of the Tow'cr.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.

54
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 5, Say.
71 A.M. t0 5i P.M.
WOBKIXG PASTY.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 132 „
13 men.
Major Bent, R.E.
1855.
March 5, Day.
Si A.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 193 men. 2d relief, 210 „
7 brigades.
Captain Owen, R.E.
The working parties were employed improving communications from magazines to Nos. 1 and 2 batteries, also in building a traverse on left of No. 1 battery (mortar portion), and in excavating for a powder magazine and shell room. 700 sandbags were filled in 6th boyau and advanced trench, and earth loosened in readiness for more.
1st Relief.
New 8-gun battery No. 9.
40 Sappers, 10 Line.
Clearing drains
1
„ 10
New boyau, right approach
2
„ 15
>>
Demi-parallel, right approach -
2
„ 20
Right ravine communication
11
„ 138
Total
56
193
JJ
2d Relief.
Now 8-gun battery No. 9.
40 Sappers, 20 Line.
Clearing drains
1
„ 10
New boyau, right approach
2
„ 15
»
Demi-parallel, right approach -
2
„ 20
>>
Right ravine communication
11
„ 145
Total - 56 „ 210
Remarks.
There was little or no firing throughout the day. The hand 'jumpers require repair. The last time many of them were steeled they must have been done by a blacksmith who did not understand boring, as they were not arranged to clear themselves ; the points were not made wide enough, and were altogether very clumsily formed.
The various certificates for working pay from regiments employed during my two last hours of duty have not been sent to me for signature. I would recommend the form, if possible, printed at head quarters, and filled up and signed in the trenches before the parties leave work.
t Observations.
. Recommended that the adjutant-general should
remind all commanding officers to send printed forms with their parties who go to the trenches. The engineer officers state that there is no regularity observed at present.
(Signed) J. W. G.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
55
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 5, Night. 7i P.M. to 4J A.M.
Working Parti - .
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
( 1st relief, 800 men.
12(1 relief. 200 „
80 men.
( Capt. Montague, K.E. i Lieut. Penn, K.A.
Two sandbag traverses, 18' X 8', were built, the thickness of the parapet increased to an average of 7 feet at top and 20 feet at bottom ; excavation made on right of battery for powder magazine, 10 feet by 5 feet, and parapet extended towards the right communication to battery, widened and deepened, and traverse adjoining in third parallel heightened and thickened ; 1,500 sandbags were filled and used. The enemy fired four shells and three rounds of grape at the party without producing any casualties. A false alarm took place about 11' 30", and caused some delay in the work. It appears that the Russian picquet on the left of the mill fired a volley of musketry in the direction of the battery, and a party of nearly 200 men came forward, but as the fire was not returned they retired again. Many hundred light waggons, drawn by two horses each, were seen entering Sebastopol yesterday (5tli) morning, by the north road, but their contents could not be ascertained.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
March 6, Day.
7 A.M. tO 4£ P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer an duty
1st relief, 180 men.
2d relief, 170 „
19 men.
Lieut. Neville, E.E.
The working parties were employed in improving the cover in the boyaux Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5 ; one platform was laid in No. 7 battery, and another nearly so. One private of the Royals was killed and two wounded by a shell, whilst working in No. 3 boyau. Lieut. Neville reports that some of the Line did not work satisfactorily.
1855.
March 5 f Wight.
5&F.M. t0 4£A.M.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 204 men.
* * (.2d relief, 200 „
. . 2 brigades.
/Lieut. Graves, R.E. (.Mr. Newsome, C.E.
Parties employed, 100 men in trench leading to ravine, half brigade of Sappers, and 50 men in 8-gun battery, No. 9, and one brigade of Sappers in continuing traverses, epaulment, and magazines, levelling superior slope, &c. ; 50 men and half brigade of Sappers employed in new portion of right boyau, in widening part leading to mortar battery No. 8, clearing out work, &c. During the night three 8-inch guns were placed in new 8-gun battery No. 9. The parties worked satisfactorily.
March 6 , Day.
8$ A.M. tO 5$ P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappei's . Officers on
/1st relief, 186 men.
* * 12d relief. 156 „
. . 2 brigades.
dutu ( Capt. King, R.E. auiy ; Licut Green, H.E.I.C.
Revetting embrasures, forming magazines, and generally finishing the 8-gun battery No. 9. Two brigades of Sappers generally superintending mining in approaches where necessary, and superintending clearing drains, &c. The men of the Line were employed improving cover, forming parapet, and draining at right ravine ; improving cover at trench near advanced mortar battery No. 8 ; assisting Sappers in mining where necessary throughout the trench ; widening Coehorn mortar battery No. 7 for the reception of 10-inch mortars, and clearing drain in 21-gun battery; advanced work and approaches work performed very satisfactory. A smart fire of artillery was observed between 7 and 8 A.M. proceeding from the right of the Inkerman works and the Russian batteries opposite. A convoy of covered carts, each drawn by two horses, entered the north side of Sebastopol between 6^- a.m. and 10 A.M. Three or four new rifle pits appear to have been

56
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
X855.
March 6, Night.
8 P.M.tO 4 A.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 800 men.
2d relief, 200 men.
30 men.
Capt. Armit, R.K. Lieut. Gkaiiam, H.E.
In No. 7 battery 100 men were employed on the outside, thickening parapet, the width of which is now six feet at top and twenty-two feet at foot of exterior slope ; 40 men filled sandbags for battery, 10 forming magazines for battery ; the approach to battery was deepened, and the revetting of traverses continued. A party of 100 men from the Light Division did not work in the second relief, as they were fatigued. The men of the regiment
were very idle, although repeatedly spoken to. Lieut. Graham does not know the name of the officer in command of them.
Workixg Party.
T . f 1st relief, 110 men.
March 7, Say. L ‘ ,ne • • ■ • e 2d relief, 00 men.
85 A.M. to 45 P.M. Sappers ... 17 men.
. , , f Capt. Hassarp, U.E.
Officers on duty |^Capt. Porter, E.E.
Fifty men filled sandbags at Piequet House ; 80 men were employed in covering in magazine and shell room for the mortars in No. 1 battery ; 90 men in the first relief, and 50 in the second, carrying platforms to No. 7 battery ; 30 improving cover in third parallel. The Sappers laid portions of two platforms, The men whilst carrying the platforms to the front were seen by the enemy, and a few shells fired at them without producing any casualties ; but the field officer commanding ordered the party to return to their duty as guard of the trenches, thereby depriving the engineers of their services at a time when they could ill be spared.
lately constructed in front of the new battery recently attacked by the French. Strong working parties of the enemy were employed all day at the Malakoff Tower, Redan, and works recently constructed.
1855.
March 6, Night.
7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers .
< 1st relief, 100 men. 12d
2d relief, 150 meu.
. . 16 men.
,1 f Capt. CROFTOX, R.E.
Officers on duty ( Lt | LoweYi bjj.
One hundred and fifty men in one relief only. 200 men were demanded, but the field officer would not allow that number, nor give a second relief. Employed 100 men in the communication with Piequet ravine from No. 1 battery, and the remaining 50 in the demi-parallel in obtaining cover ; progress satisfactory. Two brigades of Sappers working from 7 p.m. to 4 a.m. in making a road for the passage of 8-inch guns into battery No. 9 ; made a sandbag traverse in front of central magazine, continued the excavation for right ditto, and took down and revetted afresh a portion of the gabions in the approach to battery No. 9. An 8-inch gun placed in No. 9 battery, and a 13-inch mortar in the right portion of the 21-gun battery. Nothing new in front of Tower. Morning foggy.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and flic.
March 7, Day.
81 A.M, to 51 P.M.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Working Party.
< 1st relief, 201 men.
■ • * U' •• - —
2d relief, 199 men.
7 brigades.
Capt. Craigie, R.E.
Fifty English were employed improving right ravine communication, 10 revetting inside of Lancaster battery No. 1, and heightening magazine ; 10 going round drains, and 20 converting Coehorn battery No. 8 into one for 10-incli mortars. 30 English were employed finishing traverse, and 20 revetting with gabions in communication to battery No. 9 ; 50 employed in improving right boyau. Russian working parties were employed at the new batteries, large ones at the Malakoff Tower, and smaller ones between the Tower and Redan. A party was employed also destroying the hulks in Careening Creek. Convoys were seen coming into Fort Siver- naya (PI. III.), and a large convoy left it.
Observations.
I suggested to General Barnard some days ago that a strong piequet placed in the centre ravine

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
57
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
opposite to the enemy’s riflemen in front of the right advance might be placed out of fire from the Malakoff Tower, and be supported from the trenches on the right of the attack, instead of having to fall back on the Light Division picquet in the ravine ; a communication might even be made to the ravine from the parallel, if necessary, without which there could not be much communication by day ; the distance would be about 500 yards.
The enemy’s riflemen have not, however, remained in the advanced position reported by Capt. Crofton.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Nothing in the Mamelon this morning ; heavy fog over town and in ravines.
(Signed) J.W.G.
■WOKKISO Partt.
Woekiso Pasty.
1st relief, 117 men. 2(1 relief, 141 „
1855.
March 7, Might.
5J r.M. to 4S A M,
2d relief, 189 „
30 men.
Major Best, 11.F. Lieut. Mubeat, R.E.
1855.
March 7, Might.
8 l'.M. to 4J A.H.
Line . ... ,
Sappers . , . Officers on duly ^
Sappers ... 10 men.
10 men.
j cape, uwem, R.F.
(. Lieut. Andeksox, E.E.
Officers on duty
Distribution.
A party of 60 men worked at the magazine, shell- room, and traverse for mortars in No. 3 battery. 100 men of a working party were employed, in addition to the covering party, in adding to the thickness of the parapet of No. 7 battery, which averages about 16 feet, and the epaulment on the right was elevated so as to afford good cover for the Sappers to work Under in fixing magazines during the day.
1st relief. 2d relief.
Trench in right ravine - Trench, left of 21-gun battery- Demi-parallel, Right approach No. 9, 8-gun battery to en
40 men 40 men.
24 ” 16
trance of magazine -
Forming sandbag loopholes and steps in advanced parallel and right of mortar battery No. 8. - -
35 „
Total
Sappers distributed among working parties. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Remarks.
1. No form of certificate was presented to me for siguature by the working parties of the regiments.
2. The field officer commanding in the trenches asked for some tools to construct musketry holes in front of the advanced parallel. I immediately put the tools at his disposal, and offered my personal services to superintend the construction of any such holes, could he decide us to placing them. Not having received any orders upon the subject from the director, and not having myself observed the ground sufli-
II

58
JOURNAL OB' THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
ciently during the daytime with a view to forming musketry holes, I could not act for myself, and the field officer thought it better to abandon the idea. There is a little knoll about 150 yards in advance of the trenches which, as far as I could judge at night, would be an excellent situation for a few pits, and the ground seems to be free from rock.
It is a pity that so important and desirable a measure should be delayed for want of a little previous understanding. I regret I did not inquire for the name of the field officer, and the early hour at which this report is sent in renders it difficult for me to ascertain it. I will, however, endeavour to supply the deficiency before it is despatched to the major- general commanding.
Observation's.
The night was darker than usual, otherwise I cannot see that there should have been difficulty in selecting sites for rifle pits.
If advanced as far as proposed, there can scarcely be any communication kept up with them by daylight, and this reason would often be given for not occupying them. Tools have been offered before for similar purposes.
(Signed) R. Tyi.den,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
The general for the week having applied for these pits, it is proposed to commence them to-night.
(Signed) J. W. G.
RErORTS FROM TIIE; LOOK-OXJT STATION.
lass. The enemy still diligently employed oil their new works. They were seen to move a
March z. heavy gun into one of them yesterday.
March 3. There was a heavy fire both of guns and muskets until past midnight; not directed against the English works. This morning the enemy were unusually quiet, working hard at their new works, (PI. XIII.) and appear to have commenced an entrenchment in front of their advanced battery.
The Russian riflemen still continue to annoy our men in the communication from the right of the 1st parallel to the advance.
Fifty arabas were seen to arrive yesterday at the fort on the north side.
March 4. Heavy fire on the French works on our left, the early part of yesterday evening ; since
then everything has been unusually quiet.
March 5. Heavy fire at intervals throughout the night, principally directed against the French Left attack.
Large convoys arrived yesterday and this morning oli the north side.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
59
March 6. It has been observed this morning that the Russians have considerably enlarged their advanced work towards Inkerman, in which nine embrasures are now to he seen.
Convoys constantly arriving. A large number of waggons and arabas arc to be seen parked under the Star Fort.
This morning the English battery at Inkerman opened upon one of the enemy’s steamers moored at the head of the harbour. She soon moved off, after having been hit more than once.
March 7. Nothing particular observed during the last 24 hours.
Little firing during the night. This morning, the fog so thick nothing is visible.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
1855. Whenever officers have occasion to make reports or complaints against working parties
March 6 . or guards of the trenches for neglect of duty, damage done to the works, or any other cause, they will invariably state and on no account omit the name of the officers and the number of the regiment or name of the corps concerned, in order that the field marshal may be enabled to identify the real delinquents ; and officers of engineers will, before setting any party to work, make themselves acquainted with the names of the officers and corps composing it. All pay lists are to be signed by the engineer before leaving the trenches, and on no account afterwards, as all responsibility connected with them, as far as the corps are concerned, ceases at that period.
March 7. _ On visiting the trenches yesterday the major-general observed that a good deal of the
enemy’s fire was directed on a particular spot of Frenchman’s Hill battery, and on inquiry was informed by the engineer officer on duty that it was owing to the enemy having discovered the trench depot of tools and the hours when the working parties commenced and left off.
He therefore desires, whenever officers observe a similar occurrence, they will cause the tools to he removed to a more secure place, and change the hours of relief.
The major-general is of opinion that the embrasures should in every case be masked in so slight a manner as to prevent the enemy’s riflemen from seeing through them.
The directors of the two attacks are not to demand more men than they can employ advantageously ; a large number being occupied in dressing slopes or forming steps on the reverse of the trench is to be avoided. __
Reports rrox the State of the Siege Works.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol,
My Lord, ” ' 3rd March 1855.
I have the honour to report as follows upon the state of the siege, distinguishing the works executed, and those in progress.
The British operations have been divided into two attacks, denominated Right attack and Left attack, necessarily so divided by the configuration of the ground and steepness of the sides of the ravines between the two attacks.
The Right attack has its two flanks resting upon the two ravines, the right upon the Middle Ravine, and the left upon the Ravine in which the Woronzoff Road has been formed.
The first parallel extends entirely across the high ground between the two Ravines. In this parallel batteries have been established for 23 guns and 6 mortars.
The batteries were erected and armed for the attack in October last. Since that period a second parallel has been formed, with the necessary approaches to two batteries, one for eight guns, No. 9, and the other for three mortars, No. 7.
The fire from these batteries is to play upon the Malakoff Tower and Redan, with the intervening and adjoining batteries.
The new battery for eight guns is in advance of and midway between the two parallels, and is to be armed with 8-inch guns.
The platforms are laid, and the battery is ready to receive the guns, as also the battery for three 13-inch mortars.
The approaches and parallels, notwithstanding the rocky nature of the soil, which in many parts has imposed the necessity of blasting, are now in a satisfactory state.
The Left Attack.
The first parallel has its right flank resting upon the ravine in which the Woronzoff Road has been formed, and its left flank on the ravine in which the Picquet house is situated.
H 2

6o
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
These two parallels and the first parallel of the French attack are all in the same line, broken only by the ravines above mentioned.
In the first parallel, batteries for forty-one guns and six mortars were established in October. These batteries are now armed ready to open fire. Since the resumption of the siege works two parallels (second and third), with the necessary trenches of communication, have been made.
The ground is very rocky in both attacks. In the Right attack there has been upwards of 3,000 yards of parallel and approach made. In the Left attack there has been upwards of 4,200 yards of parallel and approach constructed. From the enemy’s works the nearest point is GOO yards.
On the right flank of the French attack there is a 3-gun battery, No. 6. This battery forms the left of the English works.
A battery in advance of the Left attack is to be commenced this night, and will be formed of sandbags, for three 32-pounders, which will be about 600 yards distance from the Garden battery of the enemy.
The batteries in the two attacks will contain, as follows:—
Right Attack. Left Attack.
8-inch guns 10-inch guns 24-pounders 32-pounders 68-pounders
10-inch mortars 13-inch mortars
8
8
7
34
6
-63 guns.
8-inch guns 10-inch guns 24-pounders - 32-pounders 68-pounders
10-inch mortars 13-inch mortars
4
o
16
19
3
-44 guns.
7
6
-13 mortars.
-10 mortars.
A strong battery of nine guns and four mortars has been established against the Inkerman lighthouse. A battery for fifteen heavy guns on the left of the parallel is ready to be armed, and a mortar and two 2-gun batteries are now in progress on the right of the advanced parallel.
The total extent of the first parallel, French and English, from Quarantine Bay to the extreme right on the Inkerman Heights, is 11,000 yards, or 6} miles.
The following tabular statement will show the number of ordnance of different calibres to be employed on the Inkerman Heights:—
Inkerman Ridge.
Inkerman Lighthouse.
24-pounders - 32-pounders - - -
In the new batteries there will be— 32-pounders - 10-inch mortars -
-11 guns.
Advance.
32-pounders 68-pounders -
13
2
-15 guns.
-10
Making a total number of—
Guns - 123
Mortars - - - - - - - -29
P.S.—The difference in the number of guns above mentioned and in the plan of the English attack arises from the interval between their respective dates.
/ guns - - 100
L mortars - - 22
Actual total this day -
The Russians have strongly entrenched the commanding points from the Bastion du Mat, Redan, and Tower of Malakoff; these are connected by strong batteries and lines of earthworks. In fact it may be said the entire front is one continued battery. Judging by the embrasures, the number of guns bearing on the French and English lines is enormous and of heavy calibre. In some parts of this line abattis and chevaux-de-frise have been formed. In the interior of thj town entrenchments are visible, and heavy armed batteries, altogether presenting a formidable appearance. The Tower of Malakoff is the only masonry work in the front line.
The French works extend from our left to the sea at Quarantine Bay, and upon our right from the ravine of the Careening Creek to the causeway across the Inkerman Valley. This latter forms one continuous parallel, and a second

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
61
parallel has been made in advance of it opposite to the new Russian works on the heights above the Careening Creek, the same on which the French works have been constructed.
I have the honour to be, &c.
(Signed) H. D. Jones,
Field-Marshal the Right Hon. Major-General,
Lord Raglan, G.C.B., &c. Comdg. Royal Engineers.
The undermentioned officers of the allied armies assembled at the British Head Quarters,
6tli March 1855.
Present:
F. M. Lord Raglan. General Caxrobert. Sir John Burgoyne. General Bosquet.
Lieut. Geu. Sir J. Brown.
General Niel 1 „ , _ , > Engineers.
General Bizot J
General Jones, English Engineer.
Sir John Burgoyne handed in a paper containing a proposition for attacking the new Russian works at Inkerman, and forming lodgments upon the same heights. The subject having been fully considered in every point of view, was deemed to be unadvisable, from the great loss that would undoubtedly take place in attacking the works by vive force, the capture of which did not appear to offer any advantages commensurate with the sacrifice of life attendant upon it; and the disadvantages of engaging in a struggle so far distant from their depots induced the conference to abandon the idea of making any attempt by “vive force” upon the Russian works.
The engineers were then directed to reconnoitre closely the enemy’s works, and to submit a plan of attack rendered necessary by the altered state of affairs.
During the above period the weather has been fine, cold, and dry, and every exertion has been made to benefit by it.
The chiefs of the engineers of the two armies reconnoitred the whole extent of the enemy’s defences. It was agreed on all hands that the Russian steamer at the head of the harbour should be driven away as soon as possible. This was done on the morning of the 6th of March, by the British artillery.
After firing a few rounds from three guns, and striking the vessel several times, she shifted her berth lower down the harbour, beyond the range of the guns.
On the 10th March Sir J. Burgoyne handed to Lord Raglan a second Memo, on the succeeding operations, a copy of which was sent to General Niel.
Memo.
Camp before Sebastopol, March 10, 1855.
The project for the succeeding operations under present circumstances comprehends an assault or lodgment on the Flagstaff Bastion and adjoining front, on the side of the French, and on the Redan and Barrack batteries on the side of the British attacks.
The approaches on the French side are so far advanced, that, although they will continue to be pushed further on under protection of the fire of the batteries, they are even now in a condition to give a very close and wide-spread support to the Storming parties.
Those in front of the Redan are still unavoidably distant; and care should be taken by the British, who are more particularly interested, that sufficient time be given to carry them on to the front to the desirable extent to afford effective support to the storming -parties, and that can only be done by a power of prolonging the fire of the batteries for a sufficient period.
The French propose to establish a parallel in front of the Malakoff Tower, and at about 800 or 900 yards from it, witli a view of ultimately obliging the enemy to withdraw their advanced fine of tirailleurs, by which alone the further approaches can be carried on towards the Redan.
It is to be presumed that this may be done perfectly without occasion for opening the batteries, otherwise it will be so much time abstracted from that to be given to those approaches; and even after the tirailleurs are driven away it might be desirable to carry on the advances as far as possible towards the Redan before the batteries are opened, in order to obtain the greatest possible advantage of time from the fire for protecting the nearer works.

62
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
If there is any idea of opening batteries partially, that is, a certain number that hear on the Malakoff Tower w'orks, I consider that it would be very objectionable, as the enemy would be enabled to concentrate a large amount of fire from his powerful batteries on them, and gain perhaps an ascendancy over them, which would he very discouraging as well as injurious.
The conclusions I would come to are—
1. That a near parallel should be established in front of the Redan before any attempt be made on that work or the Barrack battery.
2. That it wall be a work of some little time to establish such parallel.
3. That no advances can be made towards that parallel until the enemy’s tirailleurs are driven from extending to any distance from their lines.
4. That it will be disadvantageous to open any batteries partially.
5. That as the latter part of the advance on the Redan must necessarily be under protection of the fire of our batteries (unless the progress is to he exceedingly slow), it wall be most desirable to defer opening the batteries till as much as possible of the preliminary works and measures are effected.
J. F. Burcoyne.
The result of the recomiaisance ordered to be made by the French and English engineers was made known to Lord Raglan in a Memorandum dated 11th March, by General Jones, and -which is appended, with Sir J. Burgoyne’s remarks thereon.
Memo.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 11th March 1855.
At a conference which was held on the 6th instant it was arranged that the generals of the engineers of the allied armies should consider the best plan of attack, and submit the same for the approval of the commanders in chief.
Since that date Generals Niel, Bizot, of the French engineers, and Harry Jones of the English engineers, after having carefully examined the ground over which the attack must on any side be carried on, and the effects which w r ould be experienced from the flanking fire of the new Russian works on Inkcrman Heights above Careening Bay, or any attack to be made on the Malakoff Tower, consider that it will be undesirable to attempt to take that w'ork as formerly proposed, but to alter the plan of attack as follow’s:—•
A connecting parallel to be made from the left of the French works upon the Inkerman Heights to the second parallel of the English Right attack; after this has been accomplished, the Russian outposts are to be driven in, and a lodgment made upon the “ Mamelon,” in order that the enemy’s riflemen may be driven within the works of the place. It is proposed after this shall be accomplished, and the enemy’s fire subdued, to work up the glacis of the Redan as close as possible, so as to carry that work by assault.
A. While these approaches are advancing, the artillery are to open a steady fire upon all the defences, from the Redan to the Garden batteries. While this is going on, the French are to advance with their works, and to proceed in conjunction with the English.
g. The French are to give the necessary supports and guards of the trenches to the English, and also to supply them with gabions.
General Jones offered to give the French 50,000 sandbags, if required.
C. The English to erect a battery for six or eight guns (eight-inch) on the high ground to the right of No. 7 battery in the Left attack.
D- It is proposed that the connecting parallel between the French left at Inkerman should be commenced as soon as possible, and that the English should make their portion dowm to the ravine on the night of Monday the 12th, and the French their portion the following night. No further advances beyond the lodgment on the “ Mamelon,” until both parties, English and French, shall have got all the materials, &c. prepared for proceeding vigorously, and without any stoppage.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, C.R.E.
Note.—The Letters A., E-, C-> D- have reference to Sir John Burgoyne’s paper dated 11th March.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
63
OBSERVATIONS BY SIR JOHN BURGOYNE.
Camp before Sebastopol, Uth March 1855.
As General Jones’s memorandum of this date has reference to an understanding between the French and British, it may be well that everything should be as specific and well defined as possible, to prevent mistakes.
A- It would be desirable to state at what period it is proposed that the batteries should be opened; whether before the lodgment is made on the Mamelon or after.
It would seem to be advisable to make as much progress as possible before opening the batteries, in order to have their protection for the longest period, while the approaches are the nearest to the enemy’s lines; and it would be advisable not to open partially on the defences of the enemy. The firing a few shots, however necessary, on any working or other party that is greatly exposed, may be very desirable, and is not referred to in the matter of a partial opening in contest with the defences.
The French are so much more advanced towards the Flagstaff battery, and their front of attack generally, than the British are towards the Redan, that less time is necessary for them to be in readiness for an assault after the batteries are opened.
B. Add to the amount probably of 1,000 men.
C. It is presumed that this battery is to be constructed and armed before the batteries open generally.
Has Colonel Dacres been prepared for getting up guns, ammunition, &c., for this battery, and for manning it, in addition to all the others ?
D. Will there be sufficient means, and is the nature of the ground favourable, for establishing this parallel on the night of the 12th? To prevent disappointment to the French, it might be as well to say that the British will commence their portion of the parallel on that night, and will continue it subsequently to completion.
It is to be recollected also, that it has been already stated that the British could not furnish any increased strength in the trenches, although they would undertake the works, provided the French could give a supporting party of about 1,000 men.
J. F. Burgoyxe.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855 .
March 8, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . |
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 130 men.
2d relief, 180 j,
14 men.
Capt. Montagu, R.E.
Completed traverse to mortar portion of No. 1. battery; cleared out shell room and magazines; excavated a bomb proof for surgeon. Made small covered way from No. 2 battery to magazines in rear ; completed traverse to mortar portion of No. 3 battery ; cleared communication alongside of ravine between first and second parallel, and do. to drain in rear of latter. Improved cover in Nos. 3 and 4 boyaux ; cleared out trench on right of third parallel ; deepened communication leading into No. 7 battery, and laid platforms 3 and 4 ; fixed frames and splinter proofs for magazine. Captain Montagu reports that the men worked well, especially the Rifles. The enemy were hard at work at the line in rear of the Redan, altering embrasures.
1855 .
March 8, Day.
8i a.m. to P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . |
Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 148 men.
2d relief, 148 „
56 men.
Capt. Stanton, R.E. Lt. Pratt, R.E.
Working parties were employed in the communication with the ravine on the right of No. 1. battery, making up the parapet, banquettes, &c. ; in the 21-gun battery, filling sandbags, repairing magazines, renewing portions of the revetment, kc. ; in the Coeliorn mortar battery No. 7 preparing the battery for two 10-inch mortars, and in the 8-gun battery No. 9 filling sandbags, &c. The carpenters were employed taking up and relaying a platform in the advanced mortar battery No. 8 and fitting magazine in the 8-gun battery No. 9. The Sappers employed fixing hides in the embrasures in battery No. 9, filling in soles of embrasures with hide bags, and rebuilding the sandbag walls of the magazines in the 21-gun battery, and removing part of the revetment. The enemy had working parties employed at the works on the Inkerman Hill and at the Round Tower. The abattis in front of the Redan has been carried down to the edge of the ravine on our left, and a new work in front of the Barrack appears to have been

64
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
lass.
March 8, Might.
8 P.M. to 3 A.M.
WORKING PARTT.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
duty
11st relief 200 men.
12d relief, „
20 men.
f Lieut. Neville, R.E. 1 Lieut. Penn, R.A.
Only 200 men could be obtained from the field officer commanding ; loO of them were employed thickening the parapet of No. 7 battery from the outside, and the remainder building traverse on right of third parallel ; at about 3 a.m., in consequence of the night being very light, the enemy opened on the working party with grape and shell, but without doing any damage, with the exception of one man contused. ’The party was then withdrawn.
Right Attack.
lately constructed, with several embrasures, bearing up the ravine, a little behind the line of the abattis. These batteries are being constructed chiefly, I believe, of stone from the ruins of the huts on the side of the hill.
I beg further to state that I was unable to sign the necessary documents for the working parties, as none of the regiments had the Forms prepared, not being aware (so I was informed) that it was necessary to have them signed in the battery.
Three embrasures unarmed.
(Signed) R. T.
Observations.
Nothing new in front of Tower this morning. The order to have the reports written in half margin will be commenced to-morrow.
(.Signed) J. W. G.
1855 .
March 8, Night.
8 p.m. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . { Sappers , . .
Officers on duty £
1st relief, 50 men.
2d relief, 48 „
2 brigades.
CapL King, U K. Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
Sappers employed superintending, arranging sandbags in parapet of advance, and forming parapet for rifle pit A. in front of Right advance. The Line were employed forming cover for riflemen in front of Right advance, widening Coeliorn mortar battery No. 7, and arranging sandbags in advance ; progress satisfactory. The rifle pit A. prepared to-night is about 120 or 130 yards in front of the left of the advanced Right mortar battery No. 8.
It was found impossible to obtain cover without forming two pits of rather larger dimensions than usual ; and from the rocky nature of the ground stones and sand bags on top were obliged to be used. The early part of the night was remarkably dark and foggy, but on its becoming light the working party was a good deal shelled without damage. The field officer had received no orders to occupy this cover. At .5^ p.m. a noise was heard like distant and heavy firing, and throughout the night a sound like pile driving from the Tower.
Observations.
Occupying a small knoll on the right front of the advanced parallel.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
G5
Left Attack.
Marcb 9, Day.
8 A.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Paett.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
fist relief, 210 men.
• • 12d relief, 210 „
. . 15 men.
. f Capt. Armit, R.E. anty (Lieut. Graham, R.E.
One non-commissioned officer and ten men were employed deepening the communication between Nos. 1 and 2 magazines, No. 2 battery ; two non-commissioned officers and ten men rebuilt passage of No. 2 magazine, No. 3 battery ; one non-commissioned officer and ten men masked several embrasures ; one non-commissioned officer and 50 men thickened parapet on right of No. 5 battery ; two non-commissioned officers and 100 men deepened trench in boyaux 1, 3, and 5 ; one non-commissioned officer and 30 men did similar work in third parallel.
Working Party.
T . < 1st relief, 267 men.
March 9, KTigrlxt. Ltae .... ( 2 d relief, 250 „
8 f.m. to *1 a.m. Sappers. . . 20 men.
zvm f Capt. IIAS8ART), R.E.
Officers on duty ( Capt. Porter, R.E.
Four non-commissioned officers and 97 men were employed in throwing up earth on magazine and shell- room of No. 1 battery (mortar portion) ; nine noncommissioned officers and 170 men thickened the parapet of No. 7 battery, and earth over magazine, and improved the cover on right of third parallel. About 1 a. it, about 150 Russians were seen approaching the right of third parallel, but they retired on perceiving that they were observed. A good deal of firing was kept up on the French advanced works from the telegraph battery. Several rockets were thrown into Sebastopol from the direction of the Victoria redoubt, and one of them fired a building.
Right Attack.
Instructions were given to arrange the rifle pits so as to fire into the embrasures of the batteries in front, without reference to the position, of the enemy’s riflemen, except in being covered from them.
(Signed) R. Tylden.
Marcb 9, Day.
81 a.m. to si P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officers on duty (
1st relief, 200 men, 2d relief, 202 „
50 men.
Lieut. Graves, R.E. Mr. Newsome, C.E.
Approach to ravine continued ; magazines in 21- gun battery repairs continued; conversion of Coe-horn mortar battery No. 7 for two 10-inch mortars continued ; 8-gun battery No. 9, continuing third magazine. The working parties worked in a satisfactory manner.
Observations.
The enemy had large working parties employed at the Malakoff Tower and on the right of the Redan bastion ; they fired rather freely at the attack during the day, and endeavoured to destroy the rifle-pit a. erected on the Right advance the previous night.
(.Signed) R, Tyi.dkn.
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Working Party.
Marcb 9, Night. zine fist relief, 100 men.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M. Sappers'. '. l2drelluf ' 70 “
Officer on duty Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
V orking parties were employed in constructing two rifle-pits ; one, a., in front of advanced mortar battery No. 8, and one, e., of smaller dimensions, nearly in front of the Well. The former I was unable entirely to complete, owing to the nature of the ground, which in some places is very rocky ; there is, however, sufficient cover for riflemen, and the parapet I loopholed with sandbags. The smaller one is completed, and capable of giving cover to three or four men. The fire of shot and shell on the working party during the night was pretty sharp, hut no one was injured. I also had the roof of No. 1 powder magazine strengthened with sandbags and covered with earth ; sandbags also placed in the embrasures of battery No. 9, so as to prevent the 'guns from being injured by the enemy’s fire. The roof of the magazine of the left advanced mortar battery, No. 7, was also raised two feet with earth, the traverse

G6
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Length of Trenches, Left Attack.
1st parallel 2d „ -
3d „ and boyaux
Woronzoff Road
1,180 yards.
960
1,100
100
99
99
99
Total - - 3,350
Right Attack.
partially completed, and ground levelled for mortar platforms.
Killed, 1 rank and flic.
Observations.
The rifle-pits are reported not yet occupied.
(Signed) R. Tylden.
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Marcb lO, Day*
8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Line
Sappei's
Wobking Pabty.
Cist relief, 302 men. • * 12 '
12d relief, 245 13 men.
Officers on duty { St
No. 7 battery, platforms finished and communication to it widened ; third parallel, thickened parapet on right; Nos. 1 and 2 batteries, repairing revetments ; No. 2 magazine, No. 4 battery, rebuilt passage. Im- provered covered ways from magazines of Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 batteries ; Nos. 1,3, and 5 boyaux, improved trench and parapet.
Working Party.
relief, 150 men. relief, 150 „ men.
“* ... «i < fCapt, Cropton, R.E.
Officers on duty ■! Capt. WOLSBIEY.BOth (. Regt,
Employed in continuing and improving the communication between the 21-gun battery and Picquet ravine; in improving cover in demi-parnllel; in clearing drains and latrines ; in converting Coeliorn battery No. 7 into one for 10-inch mortars ; laid portion of upper platform, continued traverses, widened the terrepleine, and prepared the ground for second platform, and commenced magazine therein ; revetted various portions of 21-gun battery, and continued four magazines in progress previously. The covering party of battery No. 9 were posted in the battery itself, and were continually lighting fires in it. In this battery the magazines were completed ; the interior of genouilliere revetted so as to allow the guns being run as far as possible into the embrasures ; the soles of these carried to the crest height, with the proper slope, and hides attached to the cheeks. Corporal James, 10th company, in charge of a brigade of Sappers employed in rebuilding a magazine in the 21-gun battery, neglected to make use of a party of the Line detailed for filling and carrying sandbags, and by thus employing Sappers failed in expediting the work.
Ordered a soldier of the 49th Regiment to be confined for firing at a bottle placed on one of the sandbags of parapet in the advance, and reported it to the commanding officer.
Quite right.
(Signed) R.
Observations.
It appears desirable that the field officer on duty should place the guards of the trenches in the pai'allels and approaches, and not in the batteries.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Quite right. Communicate to general officer of trenches.
(Signed) R.
March 10, Day.
Ql a tr +sv Hi t> >r
1st
Line ... . Sappers ... 56

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
67
Left Attack.
March 10, Wight.
7 P.M. to 3 A.M.
Wobkin a Party.
fist relief, 122 men.
• • (.2(1 relief, 122 „
. . 13 men.
fCapt. Montagu, R.E. Officers on duty j C»|t. Chapman, 20th
Line . . Sappers .
No. 6 battery (Picquet house), rebuilt three embrasures, the whole of No. 3 gun portion, and thickened parapet; No. 7 battery, increased the thickness of parapet and earth over magazine. In consequence of a false alarm at 2.30 a.m. the working party stood to their arms, and did not return to their work afterwards. At about 11.13 p.m. the enemy fired a few rounds of shell, shot, and grape at the working parties, but without any effect.
Right Attack.
March 10, Night.
6} P.M. to \\ A.M.
The English were employed throwing earth over right mortar magazine; ten were employed at Coehorn mortar battery No. 7 cutting entrance to magazine ; ten men were employed in new 8-gun battery, No. 9, throwing earth over No. 3 magazine ; ten were employed, the first relief, cutting road to latrine to the left of the Well in the advanced parallel, and in the second increasing parapet of rifle-pit A.
A brigade of Sappers at the rifle-pit a., and a good deal more cover was obtained.
The other brigades were over the above parties. The Sappers worked from p.m. till a.m.
They were employed the first part of the evening in making cut through parapet right of Lancaster battery No. 1, to allow mortar to pass through. Three mortars and three beds were taken down and fixed-in advanced parallel ; only one was mounted.
The field officer in command of the advanced trench could not give me a working party at all. The field officer at the battery rather hesitated in giving me as many as 40. This was the reason why more men were not employed at the rifle-pit; but the Sappers worked remarkably well, and also second relief of Line. Rockets were fired upon the town by the French from Victoria redoubt between 2 and 3 a.m. A few shells and solid shot were fired at the rifle redoubt a. The majority of the firing was at the French on the left.
The general officer commanding the trenches must call for explanation.
(Signed) R.
Killed, 1 rank and file.
WOEKING .PARTY.
fist relief, 37 men.
• • 12d relief, 37 „ Sappers ... 16 men.
Officer on dutu Cant. Ceaioie. R.E.
Line
Observations.
The enemy are reported to have been working on the Mamelon in front of town. Capt. Craigie, however, states that ho cannot distinguish the character of the work. In the course of the morning when the weather clears he shall be able to see.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
I 2

68
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
March 11, Day.
8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 201 men. 2d relief, 162 „
11 men.
duty £
Cnpt. Belson, R.E. Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
March 11, Day.
8} A.M. to P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
fist relief, 69 men.
12d relief, 80 „
56 men.
/Capt. Owen, R.E. t Lieut. Anderson, U.E.
Made a trench 113 feet long, by 3' 6" wide, and same depth from magazine in rear of No. o battery, towards edge of the ravine, in which is situated the grand depot for powder. Made a pathway from depot to bottom of ravine, to facilitate the transport of ammunition ; two more caves were also cleared out for powder. The communications between Nos. 1 and 2 magazine. No. 3 battery, t
99 1 99 99 ° 99
1 4
99 1 99 99 ^ 99
were improved. Excavation for magazine in rear of No. 2 gun, No. 4 battery, was commenced. A shell room for mortars in No. 4 battery was nearly finished, but will require a little more earth on. The enemy appears to be working in the quarries in front of the Redan, as if preparing for a battery.
Distribution".
Sappers. 1st relief. 2d relief.
Right ravine communication -
4
29
30
Small arms ammunition ina- 1
4
10
10
gazine - - - J
*
Rebuilding shell room
Various repairs, 21-guui
4
1
10
10
battery - - - J
Repairing magazine on left t of battery - - - J
Eiglit-gun battery, cutting \
1
—
10
drains and completing re- > vetment under embrasures J
4
in
10
Advanced mortar battery 1
4
10
10
magazine No. 8. - - J
Laying platforms Coehorn \ n _
battery - j
Total - 69 80
The work was interrupted during the early part of the morning by heavy rain, and in the later part of the afternoon by the withdrawal of some of the Sappers, on account of their being wanted for night work. In the morning a construction of a w 7 ork on the Mamelon in advance of the Tower was observed, and a report sent to the commanding engineer, Right attack.
The trenches were visited between 2 and 3 p.m. by the major-general commanding and Generals Niel and Bizdt of the French Engineers. The immediate opening of a new approach to the right of the advanced mortar battery No. 8 was determined on, and ordered.
In the afternoon a fire was opened from two guns and one mortar from the 21-gun battery upon the new Russian work, which had to some extent the effect of interrupting the working parties. The fire was answered from the Round Tower, but without any damage to our works or casualties, up to five o’clock. A man ivas wounded in the boyau near the advanced mortar battery No. 8, for which a new one has lately been substituted. It is most desirable that some obstruction should be placed in the old boyau, to prevent the guards of the trenches taking it as a short cut.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
69
Left Attack.
March 11, Wight.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
■Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 125 men.
2d relief, 125 „
20 men.
Capt. Armit, R.E. Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Buttery No. 7, 100 men were employed in two reliefs in thickening parapet, ike.; 125 men worked on the right of the third parallel, forming parapet for new eight-gun battery (No. 8) ; little progress was made in consequence of the darkness of the night, the difficult nature of the soil, and the men being disturbed by the lire upon them from the Redan and Barrack batteries. The field officer would not furnish more than the number stated above.
Wounded 1 rank and file.
March 12, Say.
7 j A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
:: {
duty £
1st relief, 210 men. 2d relief, 210 „
11 men.
Capt. Porter, R.E. Lieut. Pens, R.A.
'fhe working parties were employed in forming a communication to the cave magazines ; improving
Right Attack.
The small rifle trench a. constructed in advance of the advanced parallel does not seem to have been occupied by any of our riflemen.
March 11, Wight.
5j r.M. to 4J A.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 285 men.
• • 12d relief, 211 ,
. • 28 men.
f Capt. Stanton, R.E.
Officers on duty
(/ Regt.
Line . . Sappers .
Commenced a new piece of work, in continuation of the advanced third parallel towards the ravine on the right of No. 8 battery ; 444 gabions were placed and filled, but tlie cover procured was very indifferent, particularly on the right, where the ground is very rocky. Very considerable delay was caused by au alarm from the enemy, as the working party stood to their arms, and some time elapsed before they could be got to work again. I could hear the enemy at work on the Mamelon in the early part of the night. The working party was not much molested by the enemy’s lire, but a few shells and round shot were thrown amongst them. The casualties were, one man of the covering party killed, and one of the working party wounded. Corporal Ramsay, Royal Sappers and Miners, was particularly useful during the night.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Observations.
Two of the enemy’s rifle screens were destroyed. One man of the 34th shot through the head. 10-inch shells were fired on the Mamelon at intervals from tlie mortar battery at Frenchman’s Ilill. The French fired shells on the town from the Inkerman batteries.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Colonel, R.E.
Five hundred gabions were sent from the park, but only 444 reached the work. The line opened last night extends only two-tliirds the way to the ravine ; the distance is greater than it was guessed at by me.
(Signed) J. W. G.
Marcb 12, Say.
It P.M. to 5J A.M.
Working Party - .
Line . . • . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty |
1st relief, 50 men.
2d relief, „
56 men.
Capt. King, R.E. Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
Repairing and completing magazines and shell- room in 21-gun battery, laying platforms, formiug

70
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
these caves, adding earth to No. 4 magazine, No. 4 battery, also deepening Nos. 1 and 3 boyaux, and strengthening the parapets of third parallel on the site for No. 8 battery. One private of the 38tli Regiment was wounded severely by a rifle ball whilst in rear of the second parallel.
Right Attack.
magazine, and draining in new 10-inch mortar battery No. 7 (old Coeliorn) ; repairing mortar battery, No. 8 magazine, Right advance ; superintending parties of the Line ; repairing gabions in 21-gun battery, and laying out tools for the night working party. The Line were employed clearing drains and filling sandbags ; progress satisfactory. Fires were lighted in the battery No. 9 at about 10 A.M., which I requested the officer in command of the party to extinguish, on account of the live shell, 8tc. in the vicinity. Large working parties of the enemy were observed on the Mamelon Hill, the right of the Malakoff Tower, and the head of the creek. A fire of artillery was kept up all day between our works and the Malakoff Tower ; from our side directed on the working party on Mamelon, and from the Russian chiefly on the right Lancaster gun No. 1. Very little damage was done to our works.
Observations.
I beg again to represent the danger of this practice, and the inconvenience which ensues from the guard of the trenches being posted in the batteries, instead of in the parallels and communications. When the batteries are in action it will be still more objectionable.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col, R.E.
March 12, Night.
9 F.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Paety.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty (
1st relief, 250 men.
2d relief, 147 „
17 men.
Major Best, R.E. Lieut. Graham, R.E.
March 12, Night.
10 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Workixo Party.
Line . . . . ^
Sappers . . . Officers on duty 1
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 200 „
24 men.
Capt. Ceopton, R.E. Lieut. Gbaves, R.E. Mr. Newsome, C.E.
One hundred men were employed in one relief in adding earth to No. 7 battery. At the new battery No. 8, 150 men were set to work excavating trenches round traverses, and along the front and rear line of the proposed terrepleine. The night’s work was very unsatisfactory.
1 st. The working parties came late to the trenches, having been employed carrying shot from the camp to the batteries.
2d. The night was exceedingly dark and stormy, and the men were unable to see or understand the form of the work they were employed on.
3d. Twice during the first relief the men were called to arms, in consequence of the advanced
The party of the Line employed improving cover in that portion of the new third parallel which was opened the previous night, and in breaking new ground for a distance of about 200 yards ; Sappers superintending and cutting through the parapet of advanced trench, to form covered communication between it and new parallel; 196 gabions brought from engineer park to the Picquet ravine by a portion of the covering party, and from thence to their position in the parallel by the regular working party. The engineer officer was in attendance in the 21-gun battery, and the tools arranged there for the working party according to order, but the working party was not marched there at 7 o’clock, but was after-

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
71
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
sentries having fired upon some supposed body of Russians, and a couple of hours were lost in endeavouring to bring back the parties and find their tools, and then the picquets and tracing lines had to be laid out again, as they had been displaced by the covering parties running over them during the alarms.
4th. Through some mistake, the second relief did not come to work until after 2 a.m. Great difficulty and delay frequently occurs in collecting working parties. It is suggested whether orders might not be issued that there should always be an adjutant on duty in the trenches, who should carry out the field officer’s orders with respect to the working parties, and see that they proceed to their stations as requested by the officer of engineers at the hours appointed for work.
Wounded, 1 rank and flic.
March 13, Day.
8i A.M. to 5 F.M.
WOBKIXG PaETT.
Cist relief, 210 men. (. 2d relief, 210
Line . .
Sappers ... 11 men.
(Capt. Hassard, R.E.
Officers on duty Chapman, 20th
The working parties were employed in the third parallel, improving cover and filling sandbags, also in thickening parapet of boyau, and continuing the trench communication with the cave magazines, and building traverses in front of No. 5 magazine, No. 5 battery, and excavating for magazines in rear of No. 4 battery. No. 5 battery, increased thickness of parapet. Captain Hassard reports that the Line worked much more willingly than usual.
wards formed in the Picquet ravine along with the covering party.
This occasioned a change of former arrangements, and much time was in consequence lost.
Killed 1, rank and file. Wounded, 2, rank and file.
Observations.
At dusk, while the guards of the trenches were relieving, the enemy made a sortie upon the extended parallel opened the night before last, and took from it between 40 and 50 gabions. One Russian prisoner was taken. It is absolutely necessary for the protection of the new work that the covering party should be advanced before dark, and remain (or a portion of them) in protecting the new parallel until daylight.
The working party were not paraded at all at the 21-gun battery, according to what was understood to be ordered.
During the early part of the night the wind was too strong to ascertain whether the enemy were at work. They fired shells from the Malakoff Tower and from the Redan batteries upon our working party, without any serious casualties or interruption of the work.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
The French are reported to have run a parallel about half way across from Careening Creek Ravine to Middle Ravine.
(Signed) J. W. G.
Working Party.
Line ....
Sappers ... 2 brigades.
Officer on duty Lieut. Green, II.E.I.C.
Rebuilding the 68-pounder magazine, and relaying platform for 13-inch mortar in right mortar battery. A working party of 200 men were sent down to the battery to work in the new parallel, but owing to the want of cover only 70, with two brigades of Sappers, could be employed. In the course of the day the fire of the Russian riflemen became so annoying that first 30 and then the whole of the working party were withdrawn by order of Captain Craigie, and eventually the Sappers had. also to be withdrawn, the enemy’s riflemen having crossed the Middle Ravine and taken up an enfilading position. Two of the working'party of the Rifle Brigade were wounded. At present, in part of the parallel where the nature
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 200 „
March 13, Day.
8} A.M. to 4 F.M.

72
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
of the ground permitted, sufficient cover has been obtained against a direct fire of artillery. I am of opinion that if the rifle pit a., lately constructed in advance of the Right advance mortar battery No. 8 had been occupied, the enemy’s riflemen would have been unable to have obtained the position they did. The enemy appeared to have very few working parties employed, and, as far as could be observed, none were employed on the Mamelon. Some five or six men I observed working on the top of the Malakoff Tower.
Observations.
Preparing the Coeliorn mortar, No. 7 battery, for the reception of two 10-incli mortars ; building a new magazine, &c. Advanced mortar battery No. 8, increasing excavation in rear of mortar platforms, to admit of the passage of the guards of the trenches when the battery is in action. Relaying a 13-inch mortar platform in the right battery (No. 2), which required repair after 30 rounds had been fired from the mortar, one of the 3-inch planks having been snapped in the centre. Platform was relayed with two sets of sleepers and 4-inch baulks in place of planking.
Until the ravine is sufficiently occupied on the French side the enemy will be enabled to take up positions to enfilade the new parallel whenever they please. Its right extremity is at present altogether unsupported, and might be turned or destroyed by the enemy whenever he chooses.
This is, perhaps, doubtful, but it appears at all events to be worth trying. The rifle pit a. has not been occupied since it was constructed.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
The enemy’s rifle screen, from behind which they enfiladed part of the new parallel, was pulled down for the second time last night, and the spot so effectively watched that it has not been rebuilt.
The French have extended their parallel to the Middle Ravine.
(Signed) J. W. Gordon,
Capt., R.E.
Memorandum.
This afternoon Captain Craigie, of the Royal Engineers, was killed by the splinter of a shell on
i
$

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
73
Left Attack.
lass.
March 13, Night.
8 P.M. to i A.M.
Line
Working Party.
fist relief, 112 men.
* * c 2d relief, 106 „ Sappers . . . 16 men.
/. fCapt. Montagu, R.E. Office) s on duty [ U( l’ ut jIukhay, R.E.
One hundred and thirty men employed in thickening the parapet of No. 7 battery. Captain Montagu reports, that the work was so unsatisfactory that he cannot sign the vouchers for pay for the men of the three Regiments, working under charge of
Captain -, 50th. 112 men 1st relief, and
KX) the second, were employed forming traverses for new battery (No. 8). Not much progress was made in consequence of the extreme darkness of the night, although the men are reported by Lt. Murray j to have worked very fairly.
One man, a corporal of the 18tli Regiment, was killed by a grape shot early in the night, fired from the direction of the Redan. No other annoyance was experienced from the enemy, as the few shells they threw passed over the working parties. |
A Polish officer gave himself up to the party occupying the advanced cutting in the Woronzoff ! Road.’ 1
Killed, 1 rank and file.
I
Right Attack.
his return to camp from duty in the trenches of the Right attack.
Throughout the whole of the operations of the army in the Crimea this officer has never once been absent from his post.
Oftener on duty in the trenches than any other officer of his rank, he never even during the worst of the winter allowed a murmur to escape his lips.
lie was conspicuous for the cheerfulness with which he performed every duty, and for the heartiness with which he bore up against every hardship.
1855.
March 13, Night.
10 P.M. to A A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... {“} ~u.
•Sippers ... 24 men.
/"Capt. Owen, R.E.
3 Lieut. Anderson, RE. Office) s on du.y j Li ,, ut Wolseley, SWtli t Regiment.
1. With the exception of a small party of Sappers employed a few hours in revetting some embrasures in the 21-gun battery, the whole of the working party were employed in continuing the excavation of the right extension of the advanced parallel. I regret to state that the result of the third night’s work upon this parallel is, that it does not yet in most places afford sufficient cover to work in the daytime without running the risk of very considerable loss of life.
2. The working party were furnished with tools, and distributed to their work by Lt. Colonel Tylden, in person, and my duty, and that of the two officers with me, merely confined to urging and encouraging the men to work ; a duty which was decidedly that of their own officers and non-commissioned officers.
3. I trust it may not be out of place if I request that this subject may be brought under the notice of the major-general commanding. I am quite aware of the difficulties there have always been upon the subject, and I am most unwilling to be the means of throwing blame upon officers holding commissions like myself; but when officers of working parties remain perfectly indifferent as to the exertions of the very men they command, while serjeants sit quietly looking on without addressing a word of admonition or encouragement to the men, it is no wonder that a nominal three nights’ work does not procure cover.
This is still more necessary to be attended to when batteries are firing, which although the fire may not much injure the working party it greatly distracts their
K

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
attention; and I cannot but think that the presence of their officers on the reverse of the trench would give the men both confidence and encouragement.
4. I beg to recommend, that sandbags be sent down by to-night’s relief, to aid in obtaining cover in the more rocky portions of the parallel; and—
5. That in any further portion of the parallel that may be traced an endeavour be made to procure a berm at the foot of the gabions ;
6. That a box, with a little pen, ink, paper, and candle, be placed in the Sappers’ hut, to enable working parties to make out their returns at night.
I posted a guard of 100 men in the new parallel on the working party leaving, and saw it relieved at daylight by a detachment of 30 men from the guard of the trenches, according to orders received.
J.W.G.
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Observations.
Unless the line of trench is enfiladed, a portion of it, at all events, can now be occupied for work during the day.
This is the usual course of proceeding whenever any work of unusual importance is proceeding at night ; and I considered it especially necessary to be present last night, on account of the darkness of the night, which very much increases the difficulties of guiding and arranging the men, and it requires experience to get the men quickly to their work.
Captain Owen’s remarks arc quite correct, except that I consider the officers of engineers should assist, as far as may be proper, in urging and directing the work.
It should be stated that the men complained much of being over-worked; some of them stated they had been on the working party of the night before.
This is a mistake, and has probably arisen from the enemy overturning some of the gabions. I traced the line myself, and saw the whole of the gabions placed one foot in front on the first night of the opening guard.
(Signed) R, Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL..
75 ,
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 18, Say.
8 a.m. to 4 P.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line . , . , £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty |
1st relief, 212 men.
2d relief 204 men.
20 men.
Capt. Armit, R.E. Lieut. Neville, R.E.
The working parties were employed in thickening parapet of No. 5 battery ; improving the trenches and parapets of Nos. 1 and 3 boyaux ; making communication from Cave magazines to those in rear of No. 4 battery; forwarding the work in No. 8 battery; filling sandbags (1552) ; improving magazine in No. 4 battery, and those also in the Caves.
The-Russians were working all day outside the Redan works, strengthening their parapets. It would appear desirable that this should be put a stop to by shell practice from our batteries.
1855.
March 14, Day.
8} A.M. to 4» P.M.
Working Party.
T ‘. fist relief, 105 men.
^ tnc .... ^ 2d relief, 105 men.
Sappers ... 40 men.
Officers on duty { gjgSt
A working party of 50 men were employed on the right of the new parallel 3d, improving the cover, &c.; but I was unable to place men at work on the left of the parallel, as the enemy has constructed rifle-pits about 200 yards in front of the French parallel, that completely enfilade that part of our trenches. Other parties were employed in the advanced mortar batteries, clearing away in rear of mortars, and excavating for magazine ; also clearing drains in the advanced work. Carpenters employed laying a 13-inch mortal 1 platform; Sappers clearing away rock in new parallel. The enemy had large working parties employed about the Tower, and to our left of it, and a small party in the new work oil the Mamelon, but the fire from our batteries must have considerably interfered with the work, and caused many casualties. They appear also to have made a new trench for riflemen, about 400 yards distant from the 8-gun battery No. 9. I have to report that I found a number of fires lighted in the 8-gun battery, very close to piles of loaded shells. No casualties occurred amongst the working parties.
March 14, Night.
81 P.M, to 41 A.M.
Working Party.
IAne . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 206 men. 2d relief, 218 men.
17 men.
Capt. Belson, K.E. Lieut. Gordon, K.E.
The parapet of No. 7 battery was thickened from the ditch outside, and the work for No. 8 battery continued through very difficult and rocky soil. Captain Belson reports that the work done by a party
(96 men) of the-Regiment was anything but
satisfactory. A party of the 89tli Regiment complained they had been two consecutive nights in the trenches. One man of that regiment was wounded by a shell from the Barrack battery. At about 7^ P.M. a heavy musketry fire commenced from the direction of the Mamelon, and the enemy also opened from the batteries near the Tower ; a heavy fire of shot and shells towards that point, and this was again renewed after an interval of about an hour, but with what result I have not been able to ascertain.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
March 14, Night.
61 P.M. to 41 A.M.
Working Party.
Line , . . , £ Sappers . . .
Officers on duty <
1st relief, 404 men, 2d relief, 404 men.
24 men.
Capt. King, R.E. Lieut. Lowry, R.E. Lieut. SnEEUY, 6411 i K egt.
Three brigades of Sappers generally superintending, tracing, and filling sandbags. The Line were employed improving cover on right of advanced parallel ; progress made by the 97th Regiment satisfactory; by three Regiments unsatisfactory. A heavy fire of musketry was heard twice during the night, at about 6) p.m. and 8 p.m., in the vicinity of the Mamelon, the French appearing to attack the enemy, and to be repulsed. The Malakoff Tower, Redan, and shipping opened at the same time on the French and the whole of our lines, which obliged the detention of part of the working party under cover for two hours.
On the working party leaving the new Right advance, I remained with the covering party, and protected the gabions till the arrival of Captain Shif- ner, 34th Regiment, with 90 men, at a.m., to whom
k 2

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
76
Riuht Attack.
I gave charge', and all the information in my power with regard to the movements of the enemy.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 11 rank and llle.
Observations.
These men (in consequence of a heavy fire) were obliged to carry gabions from the ravine Picquet through the trenches to the advance, by which they were much fatigued. A portion of the working party at the ravine were sent to assist in supporting the covering party. From what I can ascertain, I do not think the French are in possession of the two large, rifle-pits in front of their lines, as Capt. King informs me that the parallel is still fired upon from them.
(Signed) It. Tvi.dkn.
Lieut.-Col., R.K.
Reports from Look-out Station.
xass. When the moon rose, towards midnight, the enemy opened a heavy fire of artillery and
March 8th. musketry, principally directed against the French left attack ; it continued for about two hours.
Two guns were placed in the Russian battery on the Inkerman front. Large parties employed on the works to the left of the MulukoiT Tower, and on breuking up the hulks in Cureening Creek.
The wrecked vessel at the mouth of the Katelia was in flames all day yesterday.
Four deserters from the garrison came in yesterday.
March 9. Little firing during the night. This morning there is such a curtain of fog hanging over the town that it is diflicult to discern objects distinctly.
There hns been a good deal of desultory musketry fire from the trenches.
The Russians have pushed forwnrd their riflemen into pits they have made in advance of their works at Inkerman, and opened their fire upon the French works.
March 10. A thick fog hanging over the town.
The enemy actively employed on the works to the left of the Redan. With the exception of some occasional salvos during the night, all quiet.
The French threw' some rockets into the town, which, as usual, brought on a fire of mortars.
The town appears to have been on fire for a short time.
March 11. The Russians have been at w'ork during the night on the Mnmelon ; the nature of the work cannot as yet be ascertained.
A good deal of fire from the enemy during the night.
Several casualties in the trenches occurred during the night.
March 12. A trench was commenced last night, extending from right of the first parallel to the middle ravine. Imperfect cover was obtained, arising from some irregularity on the part of the working party. Iu bringing gabions from the park a good many men went astray.
The French did not commence their trench. General Bosquet sent this morning to say that he had sent a battalion to protect our right, which he had withdrawn at day-break.
March 13. Fires in batteries ordered to be put out.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
77
The trench on the right made musket proof, except nt the extreme end near the ravine, so rocky that the ground could not be broke for about 80 yards. Heavy fire from mortars upon working pnrty. Previous to commencing, the Russians crept up, and carried off' nbout 50 gabions. Notwithstanding the night was very tempestuous and dark, the sentries in the advanced work overheard them. The officer in command of it attacked them, drove them back, and made one prisoner. Considerable progress has been made by the Russians with their work on the Mamelon, notwithstanding the fire that has been kept up on it from our batteries.
1855.
March i*. The connecting trench has not yet been carried completely into the ravine.
The Ilussiaus again crept up last night, before the arrival of the working party, and carried oft' about 50 gabions.
The French opened their trench last night into the ravine.
The enemy still hard at work upon the Mamelon, notwithstanding the excellent practice of our artillery.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
March 13 . Several instances having occurred of carrying parties takiug a wrong direction with the stores entrusted to them, the major-general commanding royal engineer directs that the officer in charge of each park shall on all occasions provide a guide, who shall be able to point out the place where the stores are to be delivered.
March 15. No. 3.—To enable the major-general commanding royal engineer to form an opinion of the demand to be made on the adjutant-general for working parties, the directors of each attack will send iu a memo, daily to the brigade office, showing in a general manner the nature of the works proposed to be undertaken.
Mkmokandum submitted to Lord Raglan.
Left Attack.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 6th March 1855.
Attention is requested to the present state of the siege works in regard to the numl>er and position of the troops required for their security and defence.
No. 17 sandbag battery find adjoining demi-parallel (1*1. VIII.) is about 800 yards from the Barrack battery, and the nearest Russian post is about 300 yards from them. The distance from No. 7 to the Garden battery is about 600 yards.
From No. 7 to the first parallel, where the greater part of the guard of the trenches is stationed, (being the nearest point in support of the advanced works,) is 650 to 700 yards, and from the first parallel to the Fourth Division camp is 1J miles.
It is submitted as being extremely desirable for the safety of the trenches that a different arrangement should be made.
The advanced works should have as strong a force stationed in them as the strength of the guard of the trenches will permit, leaving only such a number of men in the first parallel for the protection of the guns and stores as may be considered necessary.
The distance from the advanced works to the Fourth Division camp is about miles ; too great a distance to afford ready support against any strong sortie that may be made by the garrison upon our advanced works iu the Left attack.
The above observations will apply equally to the Right attack, with the exception that there may be a trifling difference in the distances.
(Signed) IIauky D. Jones,
Major-General, C.R.E.

7 $
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineers.
On the 8th Lord Raglan visited the Left attack, and inspected the works executed and in progress. He was accompanied by Admirals Sir E. Lyons and Houston Stewart, and General Jones, R.E. March 10th, Generals Niel, BizGt, and Colonel Froissard, accompanied by General Harry Jones, reconnoitred the defences on the south of Sebastopol, and decided upon the plan of attack which they considered advisable to recommend for adoption to the Generals commanding-in-chief.
The commanding engineer called the attention of the Field Marshal to the state of the siege works; their distance from the enemy’s works and from the English camp, the nearest point of support, from the advanced trenches and batteries to the 4th Division camp, being two and a quarter miles, while the distance from the nearest Russian works was about 300 yards. This state of affairs caused great uneasiness, because it was felt that if the enemy made a powerful sortie there was not a sufficient body of men in the trenches capable of resisting with a fair chance of success, or to hold their own ground until reinforcements should arrive. It is proper to state that the heavy fire of shot and shell from the garrison precluded the possibility of finding any piece of ground, not liable to be ploughed up by shot, on which a body of men could be posted safely as a reserve.
On the 9th General Jones reconnoitred Sebastopol from H.M.S. Highflyer, Captain Moore/ He obtained an excellent view of the rear of Malakoff Tower and interior of Redan. The former appears to be enclosed with a masonry revetted ditch and parapet. The Redan does not appear to have any retrenchment. Large bodies of men were seen at work on the north side, particularly on the edge of the cliffs extending northward from the Wasp battery.
At this period the French tried experiments with tlio electric light; it illuminated very strongly the object upon which it was directed, but the intervening space being left in utter darkness it was considered not to be applicable for the purposes inquired.
On the night of the lltlx the enemy commenced an extensive work upon the “Mamelon.” The artillery were directed to open a fire of mortars and guns at intervals upon it. The fire from the G8 and 24 pounders was excellent.
The French having been very anxious that a parallel should be formed connecting their works on the Inkerman Heights with the right of the English attack, the same was approved of by the genei'als in chief, and the necessary orders given for its execution. When the work was commenced the Russians opened a heavy fire of musketry. The covering party retired, with the exception of a dozen men, who remained in front with Major Gordon, R.E. The working party seized their arms, and commenced firing. Fortunately the party in front escaped without any casualties. This was a very irregular affair, and might have been attended with very serious consequences.
The present system of furnishing working parties from the guard of the trenches is very objectionable, attended with serious inconvenience, and considerably retards the progress of the works.
In consequence of some misunderstanding, the French did not commence their portion of the connecting parallel.
On the 12tli a conference took place of the allied generals-in-chief, at which Omar Pacha was present.
The enemy still continued working hard on the Mamelon.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
79
The new parallel to form a junction with the French not yet completed, the French being engaged in making the necessary zig-zag communications to it.
A Pole came in this day, who states that the enemy have suffered considerably from our fire upon the Mamelon, and that it is intended to mount 30 pieces of artillery upon it.
Left Attack.
1855 .
March IS, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Lins . . Sappers . Officers on
( 1st relief, 250 men. 12d relief, 257 „
17 men.
duty ^
Major Bent, R.E. Lieut. Graham, R.E.
The working parties were employed thickening the parapet of No. 5 battery from the ditch outside, also in improving caves for powder, and levelling a space above for landing cases, as well as deepening communication to it. In 3d parallel a party thickened the parapet, and removed rock from trench, No. 8 battery; the party employed at it increased the width of trench for terrepleine, and thickened traverses, but only a few men could work there, on account of the enfilade musketry fire from the sharpshooters in front of Redan. Excavation for magazine in rear of No. 4 battery was continued. In battery No. 3 a party of Naval Brigade built ramps in rear of four platforms. Major Bent reports having observed Russian workmen employed all day under the 4th embrasure of right face of'Redan, apparently mining. About every five minutes three or four men came up into a trench, and emptied earth out of sandbags into the bottom of the ditch, and then returning to the same spot disappeared by descending an incline.
During the week the Russians have attacked the French works on the English right. The French took possession of the rifle screens, and held them for one day. The Russians drove the French away from the screens, and have since retained possession of them, though not more than 100 yards from the French parallel. Several serious attacks have been made on this part of the line. The English and French have kept up a heavy fire upon the working parties employed on the Mamelon. At night a good deal of firing from the allies.
(Signed) II. D. J.
Right Attack.
! Woe king Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 48 „
Officers on eluty
Two hundred working
1855 .
March 15, Bay,
84 A.M. to 44 P.M.
party paraded; but after setting on party to work in the new parallel, the fire- in to it from the enemy’s riflemen was so hot that it was necessary to remove them, and at 10 o’clock one officer and 60 men were marched home. Employed the working party in improving cover in the communication between 21-gun battery and middle ravine, in cleaning out the drains, in filling sandbags to assist the Sappers; Sappers employed in mining in the new parallel ; continuing a magazine in the old Coehorn mortar battery No. 7. ; completed one, and commenced a small ammunition magazine in the 21- gun battery ; and also employed in superintending. Notwithstanding the orders that have been issued, the guard of the trenches were placed in the 8-gun battery No. 9, instead of the communication. The Russians made two rifle-pits last night on the French side of the ravine, from which they almost enfiladed our new parallel. They had a small working party in the ditch of the work upon the “ Mamelon,” but our fire upon them was so good they made but little progress.
Observations.
It should be understood that the line of parallel is somewhat more retired (for this reason) than that ordered to be taken up, which would have been still more exposed. I should be glad to know whether the enemy are to be allowed to arm the Mamelon redoubt with artillery, as in this case it will be advisable to alter some of the embrasures of the upper batteries of the Right attack. Four or live guns in the 24-gun battery, and two mortars, can be brought to bear upon it, and also the three 10-inch mortars in the advanced mortar battery No. 8, also the right gun in the eight-inch battery No. 9. The latter battery (eight guns) has the embrasures at present masked, and it will require perhaps two hours’ working to open them before the battery can come into action.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.

80 .
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1st relief, *213 men. .2d relief 166 „
13 men.
Captain Portkr, ILK Lieut. Penn, R.A.
1855.
March 15, Night. 8i r.M. to 41 a.m.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
Working Tarty.
C 1st relief, *213 men.
1855.
March 15, Night.
10 P.M. tO 4 A.M.
Working Partt.
1st relief, 100 men. •id relief, 78 „
Sappers ... 28 men.
Officer on duly Lieut. Drake, RE.
One hundred and twenty-five men were employed ' increasing the thickness of No. 7 battery from outside, : and 20 men forming communication to it; 50 men only worked at No. 8 battery, thickening parapet, and j the remainder of the first relief improved the cover of . mortar portion of No. 1 battery, and its magazine. ; Only 245 men in the first relief, and 166 in the second j relief, could be obtained, although there is ample work ] for more than 300 men every uiglit.
At 6 p.m. commenced making road for trench carts to carry mortars to the left advance mortar (old Coeliorn) battery No. 7; finished by 8 p.m. Working parties did not arrive until 10 p.m, when 50 men taken from the 21-gun battery and 50 from the old advanced trench. In the rear trench 50 gabions were placed in continuation, and eight as a return at right angles in the rear portion. Cover has been obtained in some places five feet high, and nowhere less than three feet six inches. The gabions are all
Wounded. 1 r ink and Q'.e.
filled, and a row of sandbags, and in some places a double row, laid on top of them ; earth is also banked up in front to about half their height; five
;ood sandbag loopholes are made in the return at
g'
| the right extremity in the old part of the trench.
I The cover was made good and the parapet thickened at daylight. This morning there was a heavy musketry fire between the French in their advanced parallel and the enemy on the Mamelon. The enemy did not. fire from their rifle-pits close to the French parallel, though they did from one in rear of them. They had also constructed a large one high up the hill, to enfilade the part of the French trench which runs i into the ravine. On the working party leaving, the | trench was occupied by 100 men of the 97th, and four I double sentries thrown out ; three sentries were with* ; drawn at daylight, and the party of the 97th relieved j by one officer and 30 men of the 34th, of whom six j were put in rear of the new return on the extreme j right of the small stone wall.
I Killed, 2 rank and fdc. Wounded, 1 officer, 3 rank and file.
Observations.
The Russians and French had a skirmish at dusk on the ground of the four rifle pits. From dusk till daybreak the French kept up an unceasing fire of musketry on the ground from their parallel, as if to prevent the enemy occupying the pits. At daybreak after leaving the trenches I heard a conflict, but the result I do not know as yet.
(Signed) J. W. O.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
81
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
X85S.
March 16, Day.
8S A.M. tO ij P.M.
■Working Pa my.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 300 men. 2d relief, 280 „
32 men.
duty
Cnpt. Montagu, li.l’. Lieut. Murray, R.E.
No. 1 mortar battery, thickened parapet right of first parallel ; cleared out trench from No. 1 battery to extreme right magazine in rear of No. 3 battery ; continued excavation for it through solid rock ; completed parapet of No. .5 battery from outside ; improved communication to cave magazines, and enlarged No. 1 cave ; improved left of second parallel, and made good the parapet where necessary ; formed roadway for passage of artillery from first to third parallel. No. 8 battery, continued the excavations, and revetted portions of the interior of parapet and parts of the traverse. No. 7 battery, finished new communication to it.
March 16, Night.
8S P.M. to 45 A.M.
Working Parit.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
1st relief, 231 men.
2d relief, 276 „
31 men.
Capt. Hassard, R.E. Capt. Chapman, 20th . Begt.
In the right centre of second parallel the ditch was widened and the parapet thickened at position chosen by General Jones for 10-inch mortar battery. No. 7 battery, increased the thickness of parapet. No. 8 battery, excavation proceeded with and traverses heightened. The night was very dark, and consequently less progress has been made than otherwise might have been expected.
The Russians were heard working hard all night in front or near the Redan, but it was impossible to ascertain what they were about.
Six 32-pounders, for No. 7 battery, were brought down to Greenhill, and placed in rear of those batteries, but it is submitted that they be not moved into No. 7 battery until tbe ammunition is there ready
| Working Party.
1855. fist relief, 86 men.
March 16, Day. ■ • ■ • (2d relier, 100 „
81 A.M. to 0 P.M. Sappers ... 56 men.
1 Officer on duty Capt. Owen, R.E.
One brigade of carpenters in magazine, 21-gun battery ; two brigades of carpenters, Coehorn, No. 7 magazine, left of 8-gun battery No. 9 ; one brigade of Sappers, sundry repairs. The whole of the rest of the Sappers and working parties employed in right extension of advanced parallel. The number of men employed was above ns many as could with advantage be employed in the daytime in the present state of the excavation ; the progress made was satisfactory. The enemy had working parties employed on the Mamelon redoubt, and on the batteries in the valley on the proper right of the town.
They have also constructed a large rifle-pit in rear of those taken by the French on the night before, but the Russian sharpshooters -were driven from it during the afternoon by the fire of the 8-inch gun, No. 9 battery, and right 24-pounders in the upper battery.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
1 Working Party.
March 16, Night, i jj ne .... 200 men.
5} P.M. to 4', a.m. : Sappers. . . 28 „
I Officer on duty Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
Continuing the approach from the advanced trench to the middle ravine ; good cover was obtained to within 130 yards of the French parallel ; the working parties consisted of 200 men of the 30tli, 55tli, and 62d Regiments, who worked very industriously all night. The Russians, as far as I could see in the morning, have made little visible progress with the works on the Mamelon ; they have re-occupied the pits-which enfiladed our approach. If the 68-poundcr naval gun, No. 21 battery, be brought to bear on them, I think a few shots would dislodge them.
"Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Observations.
The French pushed on approaches to their front on the other side of the ravine during the night., and the
x.

82
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
for them, and that a stronger guard is appointed for the advanced works. It is very necessary that the officers of the Line should make themselves acquainted with the ground and proper disposition of their sentries before they come on duty. Captain Ilassard reports that it was nearly nine o’clock last night before the sentries were well placed in advance, and nearly midnight before the rifle-pits communicating from the left English advance to the French right were occupied.
Right Attack.
front of their work is about in line with ours or a little in advance of it.
The officer on duty has instructions to apply to the officers of the royal navy and artillery on duty in the batteries to effect this object.
(Signed) R. T.
The French have commenced zigzags in the bottom of the ravine from their parallel to the rear.
(Signed) ,T. W. G.
1855.
March 17, Say.
9 A.M. to At P.M.
Working Party.
Lina . .
Sappers . Officers on
f 1st relief, 190 men.
* ' 12d relief, 214 „
. . 33 men.
( Capt. Belson, R.K. duty iLieut. Neville, R.E.
1855.
Marcb 17, Say.
8i A.M. to 5t P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 66 men. i 2d relief, 60 „
6 brigades.
( Capt. King, R.E.
Capt. Wolseley, 90th (. Regt.
The communications to Cave magazines were improved. No. 1 Cave enlarged and finished, and powder placed in it. There are now four Caves full of ammunition, which it is considered will be sufficient. Right centre of second parallel, the trench was deepened and parapet thickened. The soil here is very rocky, and requiring blasting.
Terrepleine for battery No. 9, in left of second parallel, was improved by a party of the Line, but it will be necessary to employ Sappers principally at this work. No. 8 battery was continued, excavations being made round the sides of the traverses. The frames and splinter-proofs of magazine in rear of No. 4 battery were completed, and covered over with sandbags. Captain Belson reports that the working party (first relief) for No. 8 battery did not arrive there until 10 A. at., although the field officer was requested as early as 7 A.M. to send 50 men to that battery at eight o’clock. Some of the men of the first relief complained that they had only come off work at 5 p.m. It would appeal - desirable, now that the troops are in the trenches for 24 hours at a time, that those men who have worked in the first night relief should come on again in the first day relief, and those of the second night relief be reserved for the second day relief, thus ensuring each man eight hours rest for four hours’ work. It would be desirable also that the dinners of the regiments should be at the trenches by 12 o’clock, so that the men might finish
The Sappers were employed generally superintending ; improving cover in right of advanced parallel; forming magazine in 21-gun battery ; a new 10-inch mortar battery, No. 7 (old Coehorn) ; altering line of fire of 8-inch gun in 21-gun battery, and two 24- pouuders to bear on Russian rifle-pits, and laying out tools for night working party.
The working party of the Line filled 820 sandbags and cleaned drains. At daybreak it was discovered the enemy had formed new rifle-pits in front of the French, on our right, which enfiladed our_new right advance, so that it was impossible to place the working party of 150 men detailed for that purpose in it, By Lt.-Col. Tylden’s orders application was made to the officers commanding the artillery and navy to open fire on these pits, but as the former was not sure that the enemy ivas really in possession, and was besides fearful of damaging the French, and the latter had to send to his superior officer for authority, it was 11 a.m. before the lire began ; the artillery fired only two or | three shots, but good practice was made by 8-incli | gun worked by the navy ; part of the parapet was knocked over, and as the occupants immediately left it, some of them were shot by the French covering party. Strong working parties of the enemy were employed at the Malakoff Tower, in front of which additional works seem to have been lately made.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
83
Left Attack. \
I
them by one o’clock, and be ready for work. Yester- 1 day the dinners for two regiments were not brought > down until three o’clock, thereby causing much con- , fusion in the working parties, who naturally wanted j to eat their rations.
1855.
March 17, Night.
8 r.M. to 4 A.M.
WOBKING PABTY.
f 1st relief, 100 men.
' ' 12d relief, 100 „
. . Ilmen.
Officer, on duly {S&AsomJ.^R.E.
Line . . Sappers .
Very little work was done, in consequence of the | field officer commanding having refused to give more | than 100 men in two reliefs, one half of which were | employed at No. 7 battery thickening parapet, the remainder excavating for No. 8 battery. Captain Armit reports the second relief of 50 men at No. 7 battery worked very badly.
"Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Observations.
I beg to add that Colonel Ward, R.A., visited the trenches yesterday, and I pointed out the site you proposed for 10-inch mortar battery in second parallel, but he considers it too much looked into by the Redan and Mamelon, and would prefer using those mortars in the Right attack against the Malakoff Tower.
(Signed) J. W. G.
!
I
Right Attack.
1855.
March 17, Night.
8 r.M. to 3 a.m.
Working Pabty.
Line . . . . |
Sappers . . . Officers on duty {
1st relief, 200 mon.
2(1 relief, 200 „
24 men.
Capt. Cbofton, R.E. Lieut. Anderson, R.E
Extended new parallel, and connected it with that of the French, and improved cover in portions of parallel before excavated. Sappers superintending, and building stone walls as a revetment to parapet of new work. From the officer in charge of the working party breaking fresh ground, I obtained no assistance. I frequently requested him to look after the party, but with no avail. I never met him at any time looking after the men in the trenches during the night. I relieved the men at 3 o’clock, as they had worked remarkably well, and finished the task assigned to them. In the early part of the evening, when the French were pushing out their sentries in front of their trench in the ravine close to our junction, the enemy fired upon them. The French appeared to move up in small columns, but did not seem to make any attack on the rifle-pits, which are now occupied by the enemy. The heavy fire at about 10 o’clock was entirely Russian. They (the Russians) were in very strong force on the rear slope of the Mamelon and the ravine, and fired down the latter and on the right of our parallel. The working party had not then been placed. They (the Russians) retired from their position, by bugle call, after the fire.
I could not perceive anything new about the works in the Mamelon. The French did not push forward in our neighbourhood any boyaux.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Observations.
Cover obtained without the assistance of gabions, as the latter are becoming very scarce.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.

84
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
iass.
March 18, Say.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
j Line . .
| Sappers . Officers on
Working Party.
f 1st relief, 188 men.
* ’ t2d relief, 128 „
. . 86 men.
S Capt. Porter, R.E. iLt Pens, K.A.
A working party was employed on left of No. 4 battery thickening parapet ; shell room was commenced on right of No. 4 battery ; the magazine in rear of that battery had more earth added to it. A brigade of Sappers was employed on left of 2d parallel levelling ground for terrepleine ; 50 men proceeded with the excavation of No. 8 battery.
Captain Porter reports that the troops worked with activity, especially the 57th Regiment, and that a good day’s work was performed, considering the number employed.
Match 18, Might.
8 T.M. tO 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
duty
$ 1st relief, 185 men. 1 2d relief, 179 „
12 men.
fMajor Bent, R.E. (.Lt. Gbaham, R.E.
No. 7 battery, the parapet was thickened from the ditch outside. No. 8 battery, continued the excavation for terrepleine and building of traverses ; also revetted portions of the interior of parapet, and tilled sandbags in battery ready for use during the day. No other work was done, in consequence of the limited j numbers given by the field officer commanding. A | large working party of Russians were employed all night at the head of the creek below the spur on | which the Barrack battery is situated, and another party was distinctly heard working in the direction of the quarries and rifle-pits in front of the Redan, hut ihe night was too dark to obtain any sight of the nature of the work going forward. The relief of the
1855.
March 18, Bay.
8J A.M. to 5$ P.M.
Sappers . Officers on
Working Party. . . 40 men.
dutg
Lt. Graves, R.E.
Lt. Sheehy, 64th R-gt.
Continued two magazines in 24-gun and Coehorn battery No. 7 ; clearing out stone in the new advanced trench to connect it with the French. No working party of the Line employed, as the cover was not sufficient, the portion not required for guard being enfiladed by the riflemen in front of trench.
Observations.
In the morning a few rounds were fired from the right 24-pounders (Frenchman’s Hill Battery) at the rifle-pits, which obliged the enemy to leave them almost completely, and after 10 a.ji. I believe no shots were fired from them. I was therefore sorry that Lieut. Graves had not employed some of the working party in the extended parallel. The enemy appeared towards the afternoon to he moving guns from the Tower works into the lower batteries on its right. Large working parties were employed in the Tower batteries. During the afternoon about 5,(XX) men were observed to he brought into the place from the north side. The enemy are excavating and increasing the cover for their riflemen in front of the 8-gun battery No. 9, and Right advance.
(Signed) R. Tvldf.x,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
March 18, Wight.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
■\VOEKINO PABIY.
Line . . Sappers .
Officers on
191 men.
8 brigades.
Capt. Owen, R.E. Mr. Netvsome, C.E.
In obedience to orders received, the three right embrasures of the 8-gun battery No. 9 were unmasked at dusk, and remasked before daylight ; two other embrasures in the 21-gun battery were cleared out, ready for fire if required. The Sappers were employed on this work a few hours ; but with this exception the whole of the working party were employed in the new parallel, principally at its right extremity. Owing to a misunderstanding as to the time, the working parties were knocked ofif too soon, and scarcely did two hours’ work ; but while they were at work they were tolerably active, principally owing to the eflbrts of the officers, and more progress was made towards obtaining cover.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
85
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Russian working parties caused two alarms, and the men stood to their arms. About 8 r.M. a heavy fire was opened against the town from the French mortar batteries in front of the Flagstaff battery, which was feebly returned by the enemy.
Wounded, 1 officer.
1855.
March 19, Say.
Si a.m. to 51 r-M.
WoliKINCi 1’AltIY.
J.iue .... >S 'apxHi's . . . Officers on duty
(1st relief, 255 mc.i. "(.2d relief, 210 „
5 brigades.
(Capt. Hassabd, R.E. 1 Cant. Chapman, soth (. Regiment.
The working parties were employed revetting portions of No. 2 battery, finishing shell-room in No. 4 battery, building traverse to shell-room mortar portion of No. 3 battery, improving parallel from No. 4 to No. 5 battery, and rebuilding right face of No. 2 embrasure, No. 5 battery ; also proceeding with the revetments and terrepleines for No. 8 battery, and levelling for terrepleine of battery proposed on left of second parallel. The Russians have thrown up a battery within the last 48 hours, at the head of the creek below the spur on which is situated the Barrack battery, and there it must have been that (he enemy was heard at work last night. This battery has 10 embrasures.
Neither of the three regiments employed ha\e given in the necessary form to sign ; but I submit in such a case, when officers and men have exerted themselves satisfactorily, it would be hard if they were to lose their working pay merely for neglect in providing a form, for which at all events the men are not responsible ; and I trust that, notwithstanding the brigade orders upon this subject, I may be permitted to sign the certificates when sent to me.
A box in the Suppers’ hut, with a small supply of pen, ink, and paper, a candle, and a copy of the form pasted in the lid of the box, would obviate all difficulty, and euable the orders to lie carried out to the letter.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Observations.
An attack on the French lines was expected, but there was scarcely any disturbance on the Right attack. Will it be right that we should furnish papers, &c. for the pay lists ? If so, I would request a supply for this object.
(Signed) R. T.
1855.
March 19, Say.
Lieutenant Dhake, R.E.
At o r.M. commenced making blinds of sandbags to the three right guns in the 8-gun battery No. 9 ; at 8 a.m. sent one brigade of Sappers to the advanced trench (Right), to excavate the rocky parts of the parallel, one brigade and a half to the communication from the Lancaster battery No. 1, to the ravine, to improve the road ; one brigade to clear and improve the drainage of the battery and approaches ; and the carpenters (two brigades) to the Left advance (Coehorn) mortar battery, to complete the excavation and drainage. It was unadvisable to send a working party of the Line to the advanced trench on account of the heavy fire from the enemy’s rifle-pits in front of the French lines. At 1 r.M. commenced a magazine for 36 cases in the engineer park ; built a stone wall four feet high, and faced it with sandbags, and excavated one foot six inches deep ; revetted the embrasures of the naval 68-pounder gun, and raised the merlons ; replaced two unserviceable

86
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
gabions ; made a ramp to take a dismounted gun out of the battery.
Remarks.
The artillery fired at intervals at the Mamelon from a 10-inch mortar, and at the enemy’s rifle-pits from the 24-pounder in the right Lancaster battery No. 1 ; the naval 68-pounders also fired at the Mamelon from Gordon’s Hill, and all with good effect, though the enemy did not leave the rifle-pits. A new battery has been constructed by the enemy for 10 guns at the head of the creek at the end of the WoronzofF Road ; there are also two small batteries, one on each side of it, of three guns each, apparently only for defensive purposes. The enemy appear to have taken their guns from the Round Tower, and placed them in the work to the left of it and the Mamelon. They are joining the Round Tower and Mamelon by a covered way. Two men killed and four wounded in the advanced trench.
Comdg. Royal Engineer’s Observations.
This day several men of the guard of the trenches were killed and wounded. By going into the new parallel without having previously filled their canteen with water, when returning to do so they exposed themselves to the fire of the enemy’s riflemen, who from their position in front of the French works enfiladed a large portion of our parallel.
In consequence of the numerous casualties which have occurred this day in the party stationed in the parallel communicating with the French attack on our extreme right, it is advisable that no more men should be posted in that particular portion by daylight than is necessary for the protection of the right flank. This may be done by a small party stationed there, say one officer and 30 men. As the casualties have been occasioned by the men coming back for water, it is' absolutely necessary that the men should fill their canteens previously.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
87
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 19, Might.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
:: {
duty £
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 50 „
10 men.
Capt Montagu, R.E. Lieut, Murray, lt.E.
A working party of 50 men was employed thickening earth at the mortar magazine No. 1 battery, in two reliefs ; the workmen for No. 7 battery were furnished very irregularly ; 50 men at 10.30 and 50 at 11.0 p.m., and they worked till 3.30 a.m. thickening parapet; 50 men were sent to No. 8 battery; commenced working about 9.0 p.m., worked for one hour, and were then withdrawn by the field officer of the advanced trenches, so that scarcely anything was done to this battery last night.
1855.
March 19, Might.
74 P.M. to 2J A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
198 men.
3 brigades.
Capt. Stanton, R.E. Cant. Woi.skley, 90th . Regt.
A working party of 200 men was employed on the right of the new parallel, improving the cover, he.; three brigades of Sappers employed in quarrying stone in parallel, placing sandbags, and superintending. The enemy were particularly quiet during the night. The high wind prevented my ascertaining whether large working parties were employed on the Mamelon or elsewhere. I broke off the party at 2\ a.m., as I found the men were too tired to work longer with advantage.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
1855.
March 20, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 93 men.
2d relief, 94 „
33 men.
Capt. Armit, R.E, Lieut. Gori>on, R.E.
1855.
March 20, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
! Line . . . . j Sappers . . . i Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
, 2d relief, 130 „
5 brigades.
Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
The field officer commanding would only furnish 100 men for working parties, and these were employed excavating terrepleine of No. 3 battery, filling sandbags, improving communication to magazines, and building splinter-proof' hut for surgeon, and preparing terrepleine for battery on left of second parallel.
Improving cover in communication to middle ravine Picquet from No. 1 battery; making steps in the advanced trench where it descends into the middle ravine; continuing the powder magazine in 21-gun battery; clearing out the drains and rubbish in the trenches. The parties worked satisfactorily.
Working Party.
Working Party.
March 20, Might.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
fist relief, 250 men. .Line .... 4 2d relief, 251 ..
Sappers ... 12 men.
March 20, Night.
74 P.m. to 4 A.M.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 190 men. 2 d relief. 187 „
3 brigades.
Capt. King, K.K. Lieut. Graves, E.E.
The working parties were employed thickening parapet of No. 1 mortar battery and magazine ; thickening parapet of No. 7 battery and magazine ; levelling for terrepleine of No. 8 battery; increasing parapet, and revetting the interior of it.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
The Sappers were employed superintending, tracing, and forming site for field guns near Right advanced mortar battery No. 8, and at the right of the advanced parallel.
The cover is very good, and the work well executed.
Ninety men in the first relief and 87 in the second relief were employed at the emplacement.
One hundred men in the first relief, and 100 men in the second relief, were employed at the right advanced parallel improving cover. Work executed satisfactorily by all but the 90th Regiment, which

88
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
March 21, Say.
8 a.m. to 5 P.M.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on ditty
Working Party.
11st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 200 33 men. f Major Brent, It.E. (.Lieut. Graham, U.E.
Communication from No. 1 battery to magazine improved ; splinter-proof for surgeon covered with sandbags and earth ; No. 4 battery, thickened parapet from outside; communications to cave magazines, improved cover at lower end ; left of second parallel, levelled terrepleine (partly) for battery ; right centre of second parallel, deepening trench, improving cover, and forming banquette ; No. 8 battery, formed portions of traverses, revetted parapet, and excavated for terrepleine.
j Working Party.
T . fist relief, 250 men.
March 21, Night* Lme .... ^ 2 d relief, 200 „
9 v.m. to 4 a.m. Sappers ... 12 men.
f\ro „ . ., f Capt. Porter, R.E.
Offim s on duty j L icut. p E!;Xj R A .
Fifty men mere employed in two reliefs, making cut from second parallel to first boyan.
One liundred men first relief, and 66 men second relief, employed in No. 8 battery, raising epaulement on riglit ; traverses were raised, and terrepleine increased in width, and parapet thickened. 100 men in first relief, and 84 men in second relief, worked iu front of No. 7 battery, increasing thickness of parapet.
Right Attack.
worked very unsatisfactorily, and was reported to tlie field officer.
Killed, 1 rank and file.
The 9-poundcr field guns proved of great use; the fire from them soon silenced the enemy’s riflemen, who were posted behind stone screens.
(Signed) II. D. J.
1855.
March 21, Say.
8i A.M. to 5$ P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
* • 1 2d relief, 190 „
. . 5 brigades.
dntv f 0apt - c KOFTOX, E E - ‘ 11 (.Lieut. Andersox, B.K.
Completed the communication between 21-gun battery and middle ravine ; improved cover in new parallel close to the junction with French ; cleaned out all tlie drains, and continued the large magazine in 21-gun battery. Sappers employed at this magazine, also in tlie new parallel, in the rocky portions, and in superintending. No Russian working parties to be seen in the Mnmclon. The fire from the enemy’s rifle-pits was so well kept down by the two 9-pounder guns that the work in the new parallel was continued without any casualty.
Tlie French at 31 a.m. attacked the Russian rifle screen, but apparently with little success, except on the right, where they succeeded in capturing three of them, and maintaining possession of them.
(Signed) Ii. D. J.
March 21, Night.
Ti P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
< 1st relief, 200 men.
' • (2d relief, 200 „
. . 3 brigades.
dntn f Capt ■ Owes, R.E.
J ( Lieut. Pratt, RK.
Distribution.
Sippers. Line.
New parallel - - 2 brigades, 160 men
Adding to parapet of field •
gun battery - - i „ 30 „
Rear latrine and miscellaneous - - - i „ 10 „
The works were frequently suspended owing to musketry fire in front of the Mamelon. Very little fire was directed upon our own works.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
89
Reports from Loop-oct Station.
1S55. About seven o’clock last evening a very heavy cannonade and musketry fire, apparently
March is. from our Right advance, caused the troops in the camp to turn out; the firing lasted about three quarters of an hour’s time, and then ceased. The troops turned in, and in about half an hour’s time were again turned out, to support our trenches, from whence the firing appeared to proceed. All this firing turned out to have been occasioned by an attack the French made upon some rifle-pits in their immediate front at the foot of the Mamelon. The second turn out was occasioned by a false alarm caused by the unsteadiness of the young soldiers in the trenches.
The Russians appear to have resumed possession of the rifle-pits.
March 16 . The Russians opened their fire from the new works in front of the Malakoff yesterday. It continued throughout the day from them and their other works, rather heavily, and has this morning been renewed.
The practice made by our batteries against the Mamelon is excellent. The effect was to stop the enemy from working during the day, but at night they appear to have recommenced working. This morning there is some appearance as if they were about to construct some embrasures in it.
The French took possession of the Russian rifle-screens close to their new parallel yesterday evening; but others have been built less then 100 yards back, from whence the Russians are firing this morning.
March 17. A good deal of musketry firing about half past seven last evening along the front of French parallel on our right, accompanied by a heavy cannonade from the enemy’s works. After a short time all firing ceased during the night. This morning, as far as can be observed, the whole of the Russian screens taken from them the previous night are again in their possession, and from them they are firing as usual.
Our parallel is now carried down into the ravine.
Forty waggons were seen to arrive this morning from the northward on the opposite side of the harbour.
March is. An intimation having been received last evening from General Bosquet that troops were passing from the town, and that we might expect an attack upon our trenches, a heavy lire of musketry and artillery commenced about half past eight.
The light division was turned out, as also General Pennefather’s, second division, and Sir John Campbell’s, fourth division, ready to support the guard of the trenches. It soon appeared that the firing was directed against the French attack.
The Russians still continue to hold the rifle-screens in front of the French parallel. It was 11 o’clock before the firing ceased and the divisions could be dismissed.
Subsequently to this alert, a very satisfactory night’s work was performed in our right parallel.
At the Mamelon the enemy appear to have been at work; there is now the appearance of 10 embrasures iu course of construction.
Four large columns of the enemy were seen moving down towards the harbour from the north side, about 15,000 men.
March 19. Nothing particular occurred during the night.
The battery on the Mamelon is proceeding rapidly towards completion, and will soon be ready for its armament. Six embrasures appear to be directed against our works and four against the French at Inkerman.
The Russians are still iu possession of all the ambuscades, and have greatly enlarged that on their right by running a trench from it parallel to that of the French, and which partially enfilades our advanced parallel, in which two men were wounded this morning.
A sortie is supposed to have been made upon the French last night about nine o’clock, as a very heavy fire of shells from their batteries took place, and which lasted about one hour.
It was too hazy this morning to discover anything passing on the other side of the harbour.
March 20 . The works on the Mamelon are fast advancing towards completion, and no doubt Trill greatly annoy our works on the Right attack.
A small column arrived yesterday, and encamped under Fort Severnaia.
M

90
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Signals were made in the Russian camp on the Tchernaia last night about nine o’clock.
1855 . Little firing during the night upon our works ; but a sharp fire between the Russians and
Marcb 21. French Left attack.
The Russians have increased the number of their rifle-pits in front of the French parallel on our right, constructed with earth and sandbags.
The Mamelon presents three additional embrasures this morning, making a total of 13, nine against outworks, and four against the French.
The camp reported yesterday has this morning disappeared.
The battery of 13-inch mortars in front of the Picquet house armed.
GENERAL ORDERS.
No. 3.
March is. The general after-order of the 23d ultimo, respecting working pay for the troops, applies only to those in the trenches or engaged on works connected with the siege.
It is necessary that the pay lists therein referred to (Form A.) shall be signed by the engineer officer before leaving the works.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
March 17. All officers making reports from either attacks are to mark in large characters the place from which they date their communications.
March 19 . 1 . Several instances having occurred lately of observations being made and suggestions
brought forward or opinions given by officers on points of duty in their morning reports, the major-general commanding begs the directors and officers on duty to clearly understand that these reports are to be faithful records only of works executed in the trenches, with the observations necessary to enable the field marshal to know the state of affairs up to the moment of the officer being relieved.
Any subject which requires the special attention of the major-general commanding is to be on separate paper ; and on no account are the directors to receive reports containing matter irrelevant to the duty performed in the trenches, nor are they themselves to make observations on the reports above mentioned.
2. It being necessary that the morning reports be received at head quarters by an early hour, the major- general commanding desires that that from the Right attack be despatched by the acting adjutant at the Right attack at seven o’clock, and if from any peculiar circumstances it should be delayed beyond that hour a special report is to be made on the subject,
3. The directors of the two attacks will prepare an outline plan showing the direction of the centre line of each embrasure in the several batteries, for the use of the commanding officer of artillery, which is to be sent to the major-general.
March 20. When officers of engineers have complaints to make against officers of the Line on duty in the trenches, they should prefer them to the field officer on duty.
March 21. No. I.—The major-general commanding royal engineers has much pleasure in communicating the following memo, of Lieut.-General Sir J. F. Burgoyne on his quitting the army in the Crimea yesterday :—
“ The Inspector-General of Fortifications cannot quit this army without expressing his strong testimony to “ the exemplary manner in which the officers of Royal Engineers and non-commissioned officers and privates “ of Royal Sappers and Miners have performed under his own eye their arduous duties before Sebastopol.
“ The Inspector-General of Fortifications is not aware of any siege that has been carried on under more trying “ and difficult circumstances, and he has had great pleasure in repeatedly pointing out to the commander-in- “ chief how gallantly and creditably every operation by the engineer department had been conducted.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
91
“ In now taking leave of his comrades of all ranks lie thinks that he cannot wish them better fortune than “ that finally in this enterprise they may meet with the success that, as far as depends upon them, is so well “ merited.
“ J. F. B.”
Observations on Period between 14th and 21st March 1855.
During this period the attention of the engineers was directed to the completion of the parallel to connect the two attacks ; that is, the English Right and French Left. A great many difficulties were experienced in the execution of the work, not alone from the rocky nature of the ground, but also from the bold advances made by the enemy, who worked down the Mamelon Hill, and established rifle-pits very close to the French parallel. The riflemen in these pits kept up a very steady fire from them. From their advanced position the new portion of the English parallel was nearly enfiladed, much to the annoyance of the guard of the trenches and working parties. It appears from the journals that many of the parties employed in the trenches did not work with that zeal and energy which was expected and desired.
The officers sought out some snug place in which they might pass their period of duty, and the non-commissioned officers appeared indifferent whether their men worked or otherwise. At the same period men from other regiments worked in a very satisfactory manner. There appears to have been a good deal of irregularity at this time in regard to the men sent down to the trenches, many complaining that they had been two consecutive nights on the working party.
The Russians have been very active with their working parties in throwing up additional works ; a formidable-looking battery now occupies the open space which previously existed at the head of the Dockyard creek. Daylight showed that strong parties had been employed in improving the defences of the Redan. The Mamelon and Malakoff Tower, with adjacent works, have had large bodies of men employed upon them. The English works made hut inconsiderable progress, owing to the small number of men allotted to them as a working party. The Russians have generally kept up a smart fire from their batteries and advanced posts.
The progress made by the enemy with his work upon the Mamelon making its capture every day more difficult, the great importance of driving the enemy from it is set forth in a memorandum which the general commanding the engineers sent in to the field marshal.
Memo.
Camp before Sebastopol, 14th March 1855.
The continued occupation of the Mamelon in front of the Malakoff Tower makes it the duty of the undersigned to request the attention of the commander of the forces to the very great importance of driving the enemy away from a position which must have such an influential and injurious effect upon the future siege operation, should he he allowed any longer to retain possession of it.
It is very difficult to say what may be the effects of allowing the enemy to establish himself so far in advance of the works of the place, as it will be almost impossible to make approaches, as stated in the Memo, dated lltli instant, and what is of greater importance, our works will thereby require for their protection and security a much greater body of men than has hitherto been found sufficient for that purpose.
There is also another strong reason why the enemy should not be allowed to retain possession of the Mamelon with an enclosed work armed with heavy artillery, that is, by establishing himself upon such a commanding point, and in co-operation with the works lately thrown up above the Careening harbour on the Inkerman Heights, an advanced line will thereby be formed of great strength, and occupying ground essential
m 2

92
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
for us towards the success of our operations, and which will require much time and loss of life before he can
be driven from them, thereby increasing the difficulties with which we have to contend, and retarding the capture of the place.
I have the honour to be, &e.
(Signed) II. U. Jones,
Major-General Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Field-Marshal the Right Hon. Lord Raglan, G.C.B., &c.
During this period the Naval Brigade, in addition to their valuable services in the batteries, furnished a party of men to assist in the erection of huts for the army. Captain Lushington, R.N., offered the assistance of 200 men to form the road from the stationary engine to the Col de Balaklava.
This was a most important and valuable service, as it enabled the plate-layers to proceed rapidly with their work, and expedited the completion of the railway communication to the high ground occupied by the army.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters, 6 r.m, 17tli March 1855.
My Lord,
I have the honour to report, for your lordship’s information, that having visited the trenches of our Right attack, I was informed by Captain King, R.E., on duty there, that he had been prevented from employing
the working party in the new parallel in consequence of the fire from the Russian riflemen who have taken
post in front of the French works on our right, on the opposite side of the ravine; and moreover there were several men wounded in the course of the day.
It would be extremely desirable that the stone walls which afford cover to the enemy’s riflemen should be
destroyed in the coming night, as until the enemy shall be dislodged from these posts it will be impossible, without considerable loss, to continue the operation which has hitherto been so successfully carried on, but is still incomplete.
I therefore request that your lordship will be pleased to urge on the commnnder-in-chief of the French troops the great importance, of driving away the enemy from the very objectionable position taken up by his advanced posts.
I have the honour to be, &c.
(Signed) H. D. Jones,
Major-General Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Field-Marshal the Right Hon. Lord Raglan, G.C.B., &e.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 19th March 1855. A conference was held yesterday at the French Head Quarters.
Present:
General Caxrobert. General Niel General Bizot Colonel Froissard
General Beuret.
General Le Boeuf.
Major-General Harry D. Jones, C'.R.E. Colonel Dacres, C.R.A.
Engineers.
General Tiiiry, Artillery. [
The first subject brought under consideration was to ascertain the number of guns in each attack bearing upon the principal works embraced within the front proposed to be attacked. After these were noted on paper, the next subject was the wish expressed to have as many guns and mortars as possible turned upon the

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
93
Munition, and the neck connecting it with the Tower of Malakoff. There did not appear to be any objection to this proposition, and it was assented to by the British officers.
It was then proposed to remove two 13-inch mortars from the battery opposite Iukerman Lighthouse to the battery now under construction by the French, to fire down the harbour; the French to bring from Baluklava the ammunition for these two mortars, so as to make a total of 300 rounds each.
It was further requested that arrangements might be made to keep up ns heavy a fire as possible upon the Mamelon, and to have ns many guns ready in the English eight-gun battery (No. 9), to fire upon the enemy during the night, should he again make a sortie upon the French advanced parallel.
The question when the English batteries would be ready to open was then gone into.
Colonel Dacres stated that he could not speak positively on the point, everything depending upon the means of transport he could command. It was then understood that General Niel would speak to General Canrobert, in order to ascertain what assistance he could afford.
General Canrobert was called away very soon after the meeting had assembled ; General Niel then presided.
The total number of guns in battery, 403.
The meeting then adjourned.
(Signed) IIarky D. Jones,
Major-General Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Left Attack.
18SS.
March 22, Say.
Sj A.M. to 4$ F.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers an
1st relief, 2M men.
2d relief, 214» „
28 men.
Capt. Montagu, U.K. Lieut. Murray, Xt.E.
Finished the hut for surgeon ; filled up an angle in No. 2 battery ; built traverse in front of No. 3 battery ; finished earthing up parapet in front of No. 4 battery ; improved the communications to magazines of Nos. 3 and 4 batteries ; commenced a drain from magazine of No. 3 battery ; thickened parapet, and formed portions of banquette, in centre of second parallel ; heightened traverses and thickened parapets of No. 8 battery, and proceeded with revetments.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 22, Bay.
5 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line , ^
Sapper8 . . .
Officers on duty «<
1st relief, 160 meu, 2d relief, 2«»4 „
•18 men.
Captain Owen, R.E. Lieut. Bainbkiguk, R.E.
^Mr. Newsome, C.E.
About 5.45 a.m. the French pushed forward some detachments of troops from their lines upon the rifle- pits in their front. The enemy immediately deserted nearly the whole of the pits, and the French returned to their trenches without making any lodgment. A few riflemen remained in the two largest pits nearest the Mamelon throughout the day, notwithstanding the fire of the two field pieces.
The enemy were observed throughout the day working at the embrasures of their work on the Mamelon. About 12 a.m. the first gun opened, and later two others.
The little fire from the pits did not prevent a large working party being employed in the new parallel, but the left extremity is still very dangerous, and must remain so until the Russians are driven within their works. One man of the working party was shot through the head, some little distance from the left extremity of the parallel. This, however, was the only casualty. One brigade of Sappers, one of carpenters, and 10 Line in the morning and 20 in the

94 JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
•
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
185S. j. fist relief, 150 men.
March 22, Night. • • . . \ 2d relief, 150 men.
q , u v Sappers ... 11 men.
8 A.M. tO A A.M. (Capt, MostaoUi RJR.
Officers on duty < Cant. Chatman, 20th (. IWt.
300 men were employed in two reliefs, thickening the parapets of Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, and improving the trench in the Woronzolf Road. About 1^ a.m. they were interrupted by a sortie from the enemy, who held Nos. 7 and 8 batteries for [about half an hour, until driven out at the point of the bayonet, taking about 70 picks and 50 shovels with them, and leaving nine dead men and two wounded on the ground.
Captain Montagu, R.E. is missing ; it is supposed that he has been taken prisoner.
Taken prisoner, but not -wounded. Capt. Chapman, 20th Regt., Assistant Engineer, distinguished himself by leading the working party, and charging the enemy with the bayonet.
(Signed) II.D.J.
Not much damage has been done to the batteries
8 and 9, beyond the upper rows of sandbags displaced.
Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 15 rank and file.
Missing, 1 officer, 3 rank and file.
♦Naval Brigade:—
Killed, 1 seaman.
afternoon were employed on the new magazine in 21- gun battery. All the remainder in the new parallel.
Planks were placed beneath the wheels of one of the 9-pounder field guns to improve the accuracy of its fire.
i Working Party.
1855. ; Line .... 250 men.
March 22, Night, j Sappers ... 5 brigades.
St r.M. to 3 a.m. | (Capt. Stanton, R.E.
Officers on duly i. Captain Browne, R.E.
[ (.Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
A working party of 250 men were employed commencing a new approach from the parallel to the right of the advanced mortar battery, No. 8. The party commenced work soon after eight ; but some time elapsed before all the gabions were placed, and the party fairly put to work. An attack on the French trenches early in the evening caused some delay, by obliging the working party to stand to their arms, and later in the evening an attack in force on the left and centre of our advanced parallel obliged us to withdraw the working party. The Russians penetrated into our parallel and advanced mortar battery No. 8, but were repulsed by the working party with some loss. Several casualties occurred amongst our men, including three officers killed and two wounded. All the tools were brought from the new work into the parallel when the firing ceased. The embrasures for the two field guns were repaired, and are fit for service. No damage has been sustained in our trenches, with the exception of one 32-pounder disabled by a shot from the enemy.
Killed, 3 officers, 10 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 30 rank and file.
Missing, 1 officer, 8 rank and fde.
The repulse of the enemy was chiefly owing to the gallantry and disposition made of the working party by Major Gordon; R.E., and Lieut.-Colonel Tylden, R.E., who were on duty in the trenches when the enemy forced his way into them. No damage of any consequence was done to the works. Major Gordon was severely wounded in the right arm.
(Signed) H.D.J.
] Working Party.
March 23, Bay. , jj nc .... no men.
12 noon to 4 P.M. j Sappers ... SI ,.
1 Officer on duty Lieut. GORDON, R.E.
The field officer decided not to give any working parties between the hours of 8 a.m. and 12 noon, as the troops had been put to unusual exertions in repelling the sorties of the previous night.
~I Working Party.
March 23, Day. . ,
Sivtndpv Sappers ... 5brigades.
’ " ' ! Officer on duty Capt. Stanton, R.E.
Four brigades of Sappers and one of carpenters were employed repairing the damages to the batteries and trenches caused by the sortie the previous night, and continuing the powder magazine on the right of
*Thc numbers throughout the Journal showing the casualties in the Naval Brigade represent the total of the casualties in the two Attacks.
' f *;vu

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
95
Left Attack.
A working party was employed constructing traverse to sliell-room in rear of No. 4 battery ; repairing communication to No. 1 magazine, No. 4 battery ; revetting merlon of No. 5 gun in No. 4 battery ; constructing No. 8 battery ; excavating terrepleine and revetting parapet and traverse.
Right Attack.
the 21-gun battery. No working party of the Line employed during the day. The Russians had a working party employed in the Mamelon, but were very quiet during the day.
Working Party.
la55, r . fist relief, 162 men.
March 23, Wight. Ltne • • • • lad relief, 162 „
8 p.m, to 4 A.M. Sappers ... 12 men.
Officers on duty { SiN^LE, B.E.
A working party was employed at No. 7 battery, thickening parapet; constructing No. 8 battery, excavating for terrepleine, and revetting parapet and traverses ; widening trench from second parallel into No. 1 boyau.
1855.
March 23, Wight.
8 P.M. tO 4 A.M.
Line
Working Party.
fist relief, 123 men.
* * 1 24 relief, 195 „
Sappers ... 3 brigades.
Officers on duty {gSSjj,
Three brigades of Sappers superintending, and cleaning drains near Well in advanced parallel ; improving cover in new work and communication with French. The working parties were much annoyed during the night by musketry fire. The enemy , advanced from the Mamelon at daybreak, and occupied the rifle-pits in front of the trench. Four shells from the 21-gun battery burst in succession soon after leaving the mortar, causing considerable danger to the working parties amongst whom the splinters fell.
March 25, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
{1st relief, 204 men. (.2(1 relief, 196 „
34 men.
f Capt. Beeson, R.E. l Lieut. Penn, R.A.
Parties were employed deepening the trench, and making good with earth and stones the banquettes which had been trodden down in the second parallel, also in forming banquettes to boyaux Nos. 2, 4, and 6. At the time of the 2d relief a portion of them were moved back to work at the communication from the magazine in rear of No. 4 battery ; continued to sink for terrepleine of battery No. 9, in left of second parallel, the blasting performed by Sappers ; excavating for terrepleine of No. 8 battery, and revetting the parapet and traverses with sandbags ; in battery on right of No. 1, relaying platforms for the 13-inch mortars, instead of Alderson’s pattern.
Working Party.
__ . _ _ ^ r * . fist relief, 65 men.
March 24, Day. Line .... ^Urelief, 50 „
8J A.M. to 5$ P.M. Sappers ... 6 brigades.
Officers on duty { Lieut. Pratt^R.E.
Sappers employed superintending; improving cover in new approach and communication with French ; forming magazine in 21-gun battery, and laying out tools. The 1st relief of the Line were employed improving cover in new approach and communication with French, and forming magazine in 21-gun battery. The 2d relief were employed improving cover in new approach and carrying tools. Work executed satisfactorily. A truce took place from 12£ p.m. to 3J p.m., for the purpose of burying the dead. The enemy did not appear to have any working parties this day.
March 24, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers .
1st relief, 180 men. 2d relief, 180 „
12 men.
Officers on duty
A working party was employed thickening the parapet of No. 7 battery from the outside. In No. 8
March 24, Night.
7 P.M. tC 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . |
Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 200 „
3 brigades.
Capt. Crofton, R.E. Lieut. Graves, R.E.
Improving cover in parallel close to junction“with French; placed, filled, and crowned with sandbags

96
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
battery, excavating the terrepleiue and revetting the parapet and traverses with sandbags.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Right Attack.
80 gabions in advance. Heard the Russians at work between the Mamelon and ravine. Saw by moonlight a heavy column of the enemy on the slopes of the Mamelon. In the morning discovered a trench from Mamelon to ravine, and two trenches parallel to the trench, one connecting rifle-pits and second line near parallel to it.
1855.
March 25, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
fist relief, 180 men. (. 2d relief, 130
37 men. fOnpt. Porter, It.K.
\ Capt. Chapman, 20tli (. Regt.
1855.
March 25, Night.
8i A.M. tO oh P.M.
Working Party.
Line
■ (
Sappers . . . Officers on duly
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 200 „
6 brigades.
Captain Cropton, R.K. Lieut. Anderson, It. 11. Mr. Newsome, C.E.
A party was employed assisting Sapper carpenters relaying platforms for 13-inch mortar on right of No. 1 battery ; improving communication from magazine in rear of No. 4 battery ; on left of second parallel assisting Sapper miners to sink terrepleiue of battery No. 9 ; making up banquette of second parallel, and assisting Sappers to improve trench on right of second parallel ; making up banquettes of boyaux Nos. 2, 4, and G ; forming terrepleiue and revetting parapet and traverses of No. 8 battery, and making shell-room.
The adjutant of the day was warned at 5 r.M. that a working party of 200 men would be required for the 21-gun battery at 8^ o’clock. Only 50 of the 33d Regiment paraded at the proper time ; the remainder were not at my disposal till 10^ a.m. The men were employed in improving cover in the new parallel and in the advance from it, and worked very satisfactorily ; some assisting the Sappers in making magazine in 21-gun battery. Sappers employed mining in the new parallel, and superintending.
The field officer must be called upon to account for this.
(Signed) Baglax.
March 25, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 20G men. 2d relief, 18G „
12 men.
duty £
Capt. Porter, R.E. Lt. Neville, R.E.
A party was employed at No. 7 battery, thickening parapet from outside ; at No. 8 battery, cutting passages round the traverses, excavating for terre- pleine, and tilling sandbags ; making banquette to third parallel, near No. 8 battery, at cut from second parallel to No. 1 boyau. Cover now good.
P.S.—The officer on duty reports that for the relief from 12 noon to 4 p.m. the field-officer for the day declined to furnish more than 130 men for the working party.
Field officer must be required to explain this.
(Signed) Baglas.
(Signed) G.B.
Working Party.
T - fist relief, 18S men.
March 25, Night, JMC • • ■ • 1 2d relief, 170 „
S r.M. to 8 A.M. Sappers ... 3 brigades.
Officers on duty {SfifiNBrna^fR.E.
During the night there has been a continuous musketry fire from the French and Russian trenches, a portion of the latter being directed upon the right of the advanced trench (English). The Russians were during the night working at the coupure on our left of the Mamelon with return along crest of ravine, also at the two trenches commenced yesterday, and a communication between them along crest of ravine, sheltered from enfilade from the French by the form of the ground, and giving an extension to the musketry enfilade of the left of the new parallel. The two mortar batteries 10 and 12 were commenced, but I fear but few men can be employed upon them in the day. I beg to report that at five o’clock this morning the whole of the guard were withdrawn

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
97
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
from the Right advanced parallel, with the exception of six men in the head of the new approach to the front. The field officer who commanded in the trenches seemed to consider that a sufficient security. On my representation he has increased the guard to loO men.
Distribution'.
1st relief. 2d relief.
Right 13-inch battery - Left 13-inch mortar battery - - -
Advanced lodgment Miscellaneous
6
60
6
60
8
90
8
90
8
40
8
40
2
2
_
irtar |
Sappers. Line. Sappers. Line.
Wounded, 1 rank and flic.
1855.
March 26, Day,
8 A.M. to P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . OJJlctrs on duty {
1st relief, 180 men.
2d relief, 180 „
30 men.
Oapt. Armit, It.TC. Lieut. Murray, R.E.
A party was employed improving communications from magazines in rear of batteries Nos. 3 and 4 ; assisting Sappers and Miners to excavate in rock for battery No. 9, on left of second parallel ; assisting Sappers and Miners to remove rock at centre of second parallel; making banquette on right of second parallel ; making banquettes in third parallel between batteries Nos. 7 and 8 ; excavating for terrcpleine of No. 8 battery ; revetting parapet and traverses.
1855,
March 20, Say.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officers on duty <
1st relief, 1117 men.
2d relief, 197 „
7 brigades.
Capt. Owen, R.K. Lieut. .Iambs, 11.E. Lieut. Green, H.E.I.C.
The new 13-inch mortar batteries 10 and 12 were traced, according to orders received from the director on the Left. The soil turned out unexpectedly rocky, and it was not found possible to employ any but Sappers during the day. In the right 13-inch mortar battery a working party was employed all day with very trifling interruption.
The French seem still to bo pushing their serpentine sap slowly forward, though only during the night ; they are also constructing a trench which will extend straight across the ravine (as I understand), in the prolongation of the French and English parallel, thus cutting off the deep re-entering angle they now form in the ravine. There was an alarm of an apprehended attack about 3 a.m., which I believe was without any sufficient reason, but to some degree interrupted our working party in the advances.
N

98
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
t Jf
Left Attack.
Working Party.
A party was employed at No. 8 batteiy, throwing earth from crest of parapet to the front, and excavating for terrepleine of battery and round traverses; filling sandbags ; carrying timber for two platforms, and splinter-proof shell rooms from Greenhill into No. 8 battery.
At five p.m. a private of the rifle brigade lost his left arm by the splinter of a shell. At eight p.m., when Captain Hill, 89tli Regiment, was posting his sentries in advance of No. 7 battery, the Russian picket fired, wounded him, and dispersed his escort, and then made a rush up the hill and carried him off.
In consequence of the above misfortune, and a report that the Russians were in force in the ravine, 40 men told off to fill sandbags were sent by the field officer on duty as an additional guard to the third parallel. Frequently during the night the men were called to arms, and consequently the work delayed. The Russians were supposed to be in the hollow in the Woronzoff Road.
Wounded, 1 rank and file. Missing, 1 officer.
1855.
March 26, Might,
8 P.M. to 5 A.M.
rl ,,. fist relief, 160 men
£,ine .... 12d relief, 160 „ Sappers . , . 12 men.
Officers on duty
March 27, Bay.
8 A-M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line • . Sappers . Officers on
{
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 160 „
40 men.
( Capt. Hassard, R.E. dut * ILt. Graham, R.E.
A party was employed in the cave over No. 1 cave magazine, removing a ledge of sandstone and loose rocks, to prepare it for the reception of powder ; on the left of the second parallel, assisting the Sapper
Distribution.
1st relief. 2d relief.
Right 13-inch mortar battery No. 10 Left 13-inch mortar battery No. 12 Right of third parallel - Traverses proacli
Wall to caves Magazine, 21-gun tery
Miscellaneous
Right
ap-
bat-
Sappers. } 8 } 12
} 12
} 4
8
} -
Line.
20
0
95
25
45
10
0
Sappers. Line.
8 45
12 O
12 95
4 25
8 25
4 10
6 O
1855.
March 26, Might,
S P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
272 men.
4 brigades.
Capt. Browne, R.E. .Lt. Sheehy, 64tli Rcgt,
Right advance mortar battery No. 8, 85 men of the Line and one officer in two reliefs were employed thickening the parapet junction of rifle-pit (a) with advanced work. 101 men of the Line and one officer in two reliefs were employed in procuring cover. The whole of the men worked well, and were not disturbed.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
March 27, Say,
4 A.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
260 men.
5 brigades.
Lt. Graves, R.E. Lt. Lowry, R. E.
One officer and 40 men were employed in two reliefs, gaining cover in Right advanced mortar battery No. 8 ; one officer and 40 men employed in two reliefs, gaining cover in Left advanced mortar battery

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
99
.Left Attack.
Right Attack.
miners to level the terrepleine for proposed battery No. 9, and building two traverses ; building splinter- proof traverse in rear of shell room of No. 7 battery ; constructing No. 8 battery ; levelling terrepleine ; forming traverses ; revetting parapet; and Sappers laying two gun platforms.
1855.
March 27, Night.
S r.M. to 4 a.m.
Working Pasty.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 200 „
29 men,
Capt. Hassard, R.E. Lieut. Penn, It.A.
A party was employed carrying out timber for gun platforms and shell-room for No. 8 batteiy, excavating for three magazines, forming traverses, terrepleine, &c.; commenced a rifle screen near the caves in advance of No. 7 battery, 34 inches by 48 inches, revetted with gabions. Good cover was obtained during the night. A short portion of the communication only was worked at.
Wounded, 1 rank and flic.
No. 12; 100 men and one officer employed improving the defences, and procuring cover in second parallel, nnd approach to advanced hill (a), which approach effectually enfilades the Russian trench from Mamelon Hill to Middle Ravine; .20 men forming traverses.
20 men, drainage.
10 men at magazine, 21-gun battery.
20 men, filling sandbags for magazine.
Distribution of Sappers.
A brigade at each mortar battery.
2 men, drainage.
2 men, improving wells.
2 men, R.E. office.
2 men at magazine, 21-gun battery.
2 men, sentries over tools.
1855.
March 27, Night.
6i P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 250 men. 2d relief, 250 „
4 brigades.
Capt. King, R.E.
Sappers employed generally superintending, mining at left of now mortar battery No. 7, and tracing. The Line were employed at Right and Left new mortar batteries Nos. 10 and 12, improving cover in trench near advance rifle-screen A., and forming communication with third parallel. Work executed satisfactory throughout the night. A working party of the enemy was heard in front of the Redan, near the quarries. This was reported to the general on duty by the field officer (Lt.-C-ol. Lysons, 23d), and by me to Lt.-Col. Tylden. At daybreak signs of work are apparent at the quarries, but it is difficult yet to make out what the object of the work is.
Wounded, 2 officers and 5 rank and file.
Observations.
The working party (Russian) under the Redan were fired upon from the 21-gun battery, and I also requested the officer of the artillery to send forward the Coehorn mortars to the front parallel with the same object.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
N 2

100
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 28, Day.
8 a m. to 4 p.m.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 50 men.
2<1 relief, 50 „
23 men.
Capt. Belson, R.E. Lieut. Murray, R.E.
A party employed with the Sapper carpenters laying platform of 13-inch mortar on right of No. 1 battery ; blasting and removing rock at rear of traverse, No. 4 battery, to improve cover, with Sappers and Miners ; blasting ledge in cave to be prepared for powder magazine, with Sappers and Miners. In No. 8 battery, excavating terrepleine, laying a platform (No. 3 gun), and filling sandbags.
Working Party.
Royal Artillery 1st relief, 100 men.
Line .... 189 „
march 28, Night. J . io » al Artillery 2d relief, 100 „
8 P.M. to 4 A.M. tappers'. \ \ 30 men.
(Capt. Belson, R.E.
Officers on duty \ Capt. Chapman, 20th l Rcgt.
A special working party of 100 men of the Royal Artillery were added to the Line parties, and opened a trench from the third parallel (on top of hill) on right of No. 7 battery down to the rifle-screen commenced the previous night above “ the caves,” and before daylight good cover was obtained. No. 8 battery was continued, and excavating for three magazines ; the trench on the right of battery (third parallel) was thickened, and cover improved for riflemen.
Memo, of the last Twenty-four Hours.
The field officer oil duty in the trenches would only give working parties at each of the reliefs by day of 50 men, refusing to let any man work who had already worked the night before.
The general officer commanding in the trenches should cal) upon the field officer to explain all.
(Signed) Raglan.
P.S.—I beg leave to observe that thanks are due to the Royal Artillery for their exertions during the night.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
1855.
March 28, Bay.
8i a.m. to r.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . |
Sappers . . .
Officers on duty «<
1st relief, 80 men.
2d relief, 120 „
0 brigades.
Capt. Kino, R.E.
Lieut. Graves, E.E. Lieut. Arpebsor, R.E.
Sappers employed forming magazine in 21-gun battery, blasting at Left new mortar battery, and generally superintending. The Line were employed forming Right new mortar battery, latrine in advance, and filling sandbags for magazine in 21-gun battery, and clearing drains. Work executed satisfactory. A small spring of water was found in the communication with the rifle-screen a. The enemy worked all day at the Mamelon. Some of the working party complained that they never received their working pay.
Let this be inquired into immediately.
(Signed) Raglan.
March 28, Night. 61 P.M. to 5 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
250 men.
4 brigades.
Capt. Stantor, R.E. Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
Continuing the approach from our third parallel to our advanced rifle-pit a., and also proceeding with the two new mortar batteries Nos. 10 and 12. The working parties consisted of 250 men of the second division, who worked very well. During the past night a 10-inch shell from the enemy’s works fell on an expense magazine in battery No. 3, burst, and did no damage.
Killed, 1 rank and flic. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Missing, 1 rank and file.
Memo.
A minute was made this day by Major-General Jones to the commander-in-chief, recommending the alteration of the working hours from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., and from 2 p.m. to 6 r.M. in the trenches, to avoid exposure during the heat of the day, which was approved by the commander-in-chief, subject to any alteration which might be considered desirable by the engineer officer on any particular work being ordered for execution. Working parties were employed during the night at the mortar batteries Nos. 10 and 12 (new), both on the Right and Left, and improving the communication from the advanced parallel to the rifle-pit a. on the Right,

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
101
Left Attack.
1855.
March 29, Say.
8 A.M. to 4 r.M.
Working Party.
Ziiw . . Sappers . Officers on
:: {
1st relief, ICO men.
2d relief, 210 „
28 men.
Capt. Porter, R.E Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
No. 8 battery, 100 men employed in first relief and 120 in the second relief, excavating terrepleine and magazines and round traverses, and filling sandbags; improving parapet to right of battery No. 8, and at corner of epaulment. 19 men first relief and 34 men second relief, with 5 Sappers, at battery No. 9, left of second parallel, levelling terrepleine, and working round traverse, and filling sandbags. 41 men first relief and 55 men second relief, thickening parapet at No. 2 magazine and Nos. 2 and 3 batteries. Three Sappers blasting rock at No. 4 battery at rear of last traverse.
Right Attack.
Four brigades of Sappers were employed during the night ; two clearing away stone, &c., in the mortar battery No. 12 on the Left ; one brigade similarly employed in mortar battery No. 10 on the Right ; and one brigade repairing embrasures in the battery, and superintending the working party in the communication.
His lordship the field marshal directed Major-General Jones to provide each attack with depots for reserve small arm ammunition, calculated to hold 50 rounds per man, for the guards of the trenches, to be dispersed in different places, not collected in one magazine.
1855.
March 29, Say.
5 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 250 men.
Sappers ... 6 brigades.
C Capt. Stanton, R.E. Officers on duty -! Lt. Bainbrigge, R.K.
f Capt. Green, H.E.I.C.
Parties were employed in the two mortar batteries Nos. 10 and 12 making two traverses in the Right communications, building sandbag walls to magazine in the caves, and building magazine in battery, &e., communication to the Right ravine. Four brigades of Sappers and two of carpenters were employed in the different works as follows :—Two brigades of Sappers excavating stone in the Left mortar battery No. 10 ; one brigade similarly employed in Right mortar battery No. 11 ; and one brigade at the traverses and magazines in the caves. The carpenters were employed at the magazines in the battery and communications to the Right ravine.
The Right mortar battery No. 10 is ready for the platforms, and the work generally was very satisfactory. Parties of the enemy could bo heard at work during the night about the Redan; but nothing new appeared to have been commenced, except a rifle- screen between the Redan and the quarries. The works of counter-attack in front of the French were strengthened during the night. The enemy maintained a steady fire on our batteries from the works about the Malakoff Tower, but no material damage was done to the battery No. 8, and the fire was returned by the 68-pounder gun and 13-incli mortar on the right of the battery. The platform of the 13-incli mortar is a good deal damaged, and requires relaying.
I placed an experienced miner in the magazine supposed to be undermined, to listen, in order to ascertain, if possible, if any work was being carried

102
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Left Attack.
1855.
March 29, Night. S P.M. tO 4 A.M.
Line
Working Pabtt.
( 1st relief, 198 men. • • (2d relief, 198 „
Sappers ... 18 men.
Officers on duty
No. 8. battery, 100 men 1st relief, 80 men 2d relief, excavating terrepleine and three magazines ; levelling in cut to advanced trench ; thickening parapet to right of battery. Two magazines brought to front, and heavy stones carried to rear in liandbarrows. Two bodies removed and reburied. Advanced trench and rifle cave, 60 men 1st relief, and 80 men 2d relief, making sandbags, banquettes, and thickening parapet, which is now very solid. 20 men in 1st relief filled in old latrine at No. 6 boyau, and formed new one. 20 men in 2d relief formed cut from ditch of battery No. 7 to advanced trench, which will require some more work. 20 men in both reliefs formed communication from interior of battery No. 7 to ditch in front ; completed.
At about 2.30 a.m. an extensive fire broke out in the town, which burnt very fiercely over a large extent till past five o’clock ; it was still smouldering when the engineer officer was relieved.
Wounded, 2 rank and flic.
A good deal of firing during the day upon the right attack, and nine-pounder guns from Malakoff. No mischief done during the past night. The French brought into our works on the Eight some small howitzers without a carriage, to fire upon the enemy from the top of the parapet of the parallel.
(Signed; H. D. J.
March 30, Bay.
8 A.M. tO 4 P.M.
Working Pabtt.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
fist relief, 200 men. 1 2d relief, 200 „
28 men.
f Capt. Abmit, R.E. l Lieut. Penn, R.A.
A party was employed in No. 2 battery, throwing up earth on magazine under parapet ; thickening merlons of batteries Nos. 3, 4, 5 ; converting cave into magazine; assisting Sappers and Miners levelling terrepleine of battery on left of 2d parallel; improving cover on right of 2d parallel; working in No. 8 battery, excavating for terrepleine, traverses, and magazines, and filling sandbags.
Right Attack.
on underneath, and he reported to me that he heard nothing extraordinary. He remained there about two hours.
1855.
March 29, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
f 1st relief, 270 men. 1st --
Line . . Sappers . Officers on duty
(2d relief, 200 4 brigades.
One hundred and seventy men of the working party were ordered by the field officer commanding from the 21-gun battery, and the field officer in it could only furnish 100 for the 2d relief.
The working party was employed in the two new mortar batteries Nos. 10 and 12 in communication with rifle-screen a. at magazine in 21-gun battery, thickening the parapet, and revetting the embrasures at the 68-pounder gun ; also in repairing several portions of the parapet in right boyaux, destroyed by shells during the night.
The French fired at the Russian rifle-pits in the quarries from a mountain howitzer in the right of our parallel. The enemy opposed it with two field pieces which he placed in the trench leading from the Mamelon to the ravine ; his working parties were heard in front of the Mulakoff Tower, the Redan, and the Mamelon. A fire broke out in the Tower at 2.30 a.m., and burnt with violence for more than half an hour.
Wounded, 4 rauk and file.
March 30, Say.
8} A.M. to 5i P.M.
Line
Sappers
rCapt. C:
Officers on duty
v Begin
Working Party.
... 200 men.
. . 64 brigades.
(Capt. Crofton, R.E. ‘.Lowry, R.E.
. Sheehy, 64th Regiment.
Employed at two new mortar batteries, Nos. 10 and 12, in making them, and commencing magazine in right one, No. 10 ; also in improving cover in communication with rifle-screen a ; in altering the doorways of magazines in caves ; and continuing two magazines in 21-gun battery, and a small-arm one in communication between 21-gun battery and Middle Ravine. The enemy’s fire from the Round Tower was much heavier than usual, both in shot and shell, and several casualties occurred amongst the guard of the trenches.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
103
Left Attack.
1855.
March 30, Wight.
8 p.m. to 4 A.M.
Line
Working Party.
fist relief, 100 men. * (. 2d. relief, 62 „
Sappei's . . . 16 men.
Officers on duty
A working party was employed in No. 8 battery, excavating for terrepleine, raising traverses, forming magazines, &c.; excavating the trench of 3d parallel on the right, for the better defence of the position at night. A small party carrying sand bags to trench in front of No. 7 battery, to be used in securing the communication to the caves, occupied by the advanced sentries ; a party of miners blasting in rifle-trench, and on right of 3d parallel. The field officer on duty in the trenches limited the numbers of the working parties to 100 for the 1st relief last night, and 62 for the 2d relief, by which the officer of engineers was unable to comply with the orders given him to occupy the caves in advance of No. 7 battery, and connect them with the new rifle-screen.
I beg to observe that if the field officers intend to exercise their discretionary power, and refuse to supply working parties of greater strength than 60 or 100 men, that the intended operations of the siege must be in a great measure suspended.
Captain Hassard, R.E., reports that the Russians were heard working on right front of the Redan, and blasting in the quarries in front of it.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Observations.
It is submitted that regular working parties be supplied at night, as long as the field officers have the discretionary powers of limiting the numbers.
(Signed) F. E. Chapman, Major, R.E.
The men employed in the communication to the caves were withdrawn by the field officer on duty in consequence of some shells having been thrown among the party. The men ought not to have been employed there during the day, as by so doing it was certain that the enemy would open fire upon them.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
1855.
March 30, Night.
8 p.m. to 4 A.M.
Line . . . . *
Sappers . . .
Officers on duty j
1st relief, 252 men.
2d relief, 238 „
3 brigades.
Capt. Owen, R.E.
Capt. W 0 L 8 ELEY, 90th Regiment.
Distribution.
Brigade.
Sappers.
Line.
Right mortar battery No. 11.
1
2
13
*25
Left do. do.
No. 10.
X
2
0
60
New approach to battery No. 9.
8-gun j
1
0
125
Approach to rifle-pit a.
1
0
45
The working parties were very little disturbed by the enemy’s fire, and very fair progress was made with the new approach to 8-gun battery No. 9. The enemy seem during the night to have extended the trench which forms a coupure on our left of the Mamelon, as far as the bottom of the ravine, and across it. It would seem that they have an intention of connecting it with the work, whatever that may be, which is in progress in front of the Redan.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
(Signed) II. D. J.

104
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
1355.
March 31, Day.
8 a.m. to 4 P.M.
Left Attack.
WOBKINO Paety.
(1st relief, 08 men.
• • la' - ‘
Line . . Sappers .
Officers on duty
2d relief, 100 ,
28 men.
Capt. Hassaed, R.E. Cant. Chapman', 20tli Regiment.
A party was employed at No. 8 battery, excavating for magazines, and building traverses on right of No. 8 (3d parallel) ; improving cover ; excavating in caves, to prepare them for the reception of powder, on 1 the left of 2d parallel, and principal depot of powder.
March 31, Might. 8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Wobkixg Paety.
Cist relief, 29t men. 4 * ’ * (2d relief, 282 „
Line
Sappers ... 13 men.
Officers on duty
w orking parties employed excavating the terrepleine of No. 8 battery, and the three magazines belonging to it; also in raising two traverses on the right of the battery. The parallel on the right of the battery was deepened and widened, partly by blasting. The communication to the trench in front of No. 7 battery was improved, as also the trench itself; and the traverse in the rifle-screen on the left was raised by an additional row of gabions, and the parapet thickened by emptying sandbags of earth on it. Traverse requires considerable further filling in between the gabions; and the progress made was rather slow, on account of its being impossible to get much earth on the spot.
In the 1st parallel the merlons of Nos. 2 and 3 batteries were thickened from the outside by a party of seamen, and the parapet of the mortar battery No. 1 on the Right was also thickened.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Right Attack.
1855.
March 31, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
Distribution.
Working Paety.
fist relief, 198 men. . . •• - —
2d relief, 198 8 brigades. Capt.OwRif, R.E.
~ ■ ‘ Graves, R.K. EWS0S1E, C.E.
rCapt.O •< Lieut. < (.Mr. Ns
mortar
:}
parts -J iring, >
Brigade.
Sappers.
Line.
H
0
30
H
0
60
f
0
40
1
0
40
2
0
30
Right 13-inch battery No. 11.
Left do. do.
Screen wall to caves Banquettes in various parts ' of the trenches, cleari &c.
Magazine, 21-gun battery
The enemy kept up a pretty active fire from one or two guns and a 13-inch mortar in the Tower, principally directed upon the 21-gun battery.
Observations.
A fresh rifle-pit was added last night to the line in front of Redan.
(Signed) F. E. C.
One Sapper wounded.
(Signed) R. S.
I
March 31, Might.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Paety. Line .... 300 men.
Royal Artillery 100 „ Naval Brigade 80 „ Sappers ... 31 brigade!
‘ ~&pt. Bro
Officers on duty {
Sappers employed generally superintending, Left advanced mortar battery No. 10 ; 30 men and half brigade Sappers procuring cover, and making traverse communication from eight-gun battery No. 9 to Left advance mortar battery No. 12.; 100 men and half brigade of Sappers improving cover approach to rifle-pit a; 50 men and half brigade of Sappers procuring stones for banquette, &c., right approach from 3d parallel ; 100 men and half brigade of Sappers improving cover. Right advance mortar battery No. 8 ; 19 men and half brigade of Sappers levelling top of parapet, and excavating magazine and shell-room, 21-gun battery; 180 men and half brigade of Sappers thickening parapet.
The parties were shelled occasionally, but without casualties. About one o’clock the enemy were seen, in number about 300 or 400, at foot of Mamelon near
ravine.
Wounded, 3 rank aud file.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
105
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Strange to say, that, notwithstanding the enemy was within three or four hundred yards of our trench, the guard did not fire upon them, because the oflicer had orders not to fire ; therefore they looked quietly on, while the French on our right were sharply attacked.
(Signed) II. D. J..
Every night the Russians appear to be strengthening their defences in every part of their very extensive line of defence.
(Signed) II. D. J.
Reports from the Look-out Station.
1855. Bodies of troops were seen yesterday passing to and from the town, supposed to be ordinary
March 22. reliefs.
There were two alerts during the night, but not sufficient to cause our troops to turn out.
About sunrise this morning the French attacked the Russian rifle-pits in front of the Mamelon, destroying those which impeded their sap.
March 24. A steamer was employed yesterday in conveying gabions to the town from the north side.
A report was received that the enemy were assembling in force in the Woronzoff Road. The Light Division were immediately placed under arms ; the 90th Regiment were sent down to Gordon’s battery to reinforce the guards of the trenches, where they remained throughout the night ; the other troops turned in about 2 a. at., when nil appeared quiet. This appeared to liuve been a false alarm. A good deal of loose firing during the night on our right and left.
March 25. There has been a great deal of firing throughout the night, both to and from the French parallel, notwithstanding which the Russians have managed to connect most of their rifle-pits, which now form a trench parallel to that of the French.
They have commenced trenches on each side of the Mamelon redoubt, one extending to the creek and the other to the ravine, in order to prevent its being turned. There is also the appearance of another work in front of it, probably intended to afford protection to the troops placed in support of the rifle-pits.
Gabions and fascines were brought to the north side yesterday by waggons from the country.
March 26. Two battalions were seen to pass into the town from the camp to the eastward yesterday afternoon, but none to leave it.
The Russians appear to have made an excellent night’s work ; they have now connected all their rifle-pits, and thereby completed a parallel in front of that of the French ; they have moreover completed the trench on his right flank of the Mamelon redoubt to the edge of the ravine, and begun a trench of communication from the right of their parallel across the front of the Mamelon to the rear, so as to enable them to support the troops in advance without exposing them to fire.
March 27. The night has been allowed to pass quietly without firing on either side.
The Russians have been working hard in completing their trenches to the harbour on one side and the ravine on the other.
A steamer employed in conveying gabions into the town.
The Russians opened fire on the French at Inkerman from several new batteries.
March 28. A body of the enemy about 3,500 were seen this evening marching towards Bakshiserai, but could not be traced beyond the post house.
March 29. The troops reported as having marched yesterday evening were seen to return this morning.
0

106
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Tents for two additional battalions appear to have been pitched under the Star fort, but are unoccupied. A long string of arabas are seen approaching the town from the northward on the other side of the harbour. Thick fog over the town ; difficult to distinguish objects.
The Russians do not appear to have done anything to their works during the night.
After a heavy cannonade, which lasted two hours, a rattling fire of musketry broke out along the French parallel, about 10 o’clock. This caused the Light Division to turn out. Before any regiments left the camp the firing had ceased ; the men then turned in.
- Telegraphic wires out of order.
1855. A sharp fusilade fire took place last night about 10 p.m. ; a good deal of firing throughout
March 30. the night.
The Russians have constructed another rifle-pit on their left ; little other work appears to have been done. A small convoy was seen to arrive yesterday.
GENERAL ORDERS.
March 26. No. 2. With reference to existing orders that have been issued, general officers commanding Divisions will give the most stringent orders to officers on duty in the trenches and elsewhere, that no person whatever, except naval and military officers on duty, seamen and soldiers on duty, and general and staff officers, shall be permitted to visit any part of the trenches or batteries without a pass from the adjutant-general’s office.
The general of the week will direct his attention to this subject.
March 28. No. 1. All applications for the transport of military stores by the railway will be made through the heads of the several departments of the army to the Director-general of Land transport, who will be placed in communication with Mr. Beattie, and will, under the instructions of the Field Marshal, apportion the means thus placed at the disposal of the army according to the urgency of the respective requisitions.
In order to insure regularity in the working of the line, an officer of the Land Transport Corps will be stationed at either terminus, and such arrangements made by the director-general as may be considered necessary for the loading and discharge of the waggons.
No. 2. Lieutenant Stopford, Royal Engineers, is appointed superintendent of telegraphs, and all orders issued by him are to be strictly attended to by all the station masters, orderlies, &c.
The semaphores will also be placed under the charge of Lieutenant Stopford, who will attend to all orders he may receive from Major-General Jones, Commanding Royal Engineer.
No. 3. The cavalry, artillery, and commissariat are to take care of the iron bands 'with which the trusses of hay are packed, and to deliver the same into the engineer park or store which may be nearest to their camps or stations.
March 30. No. 4. In order to save the troops employed in the trenches as much as possible from the heat of the day, the commander of the forces is pleased to direct that the reliefs of the working parties be at the hours herein specified, unless any particular work should, in the opinion of the engineer officer, require a deviation therefrom, viz.,
From 4 a.m. to 8 a.m. and from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
March 22. Par. No. 2. Major-General Jones, Commanding Royal Engineer, considering that the opinions of the Inspector-general of Fortifications regarding the services and conduct of the officers of royal engineers, as well as the non-commissioned officers and privates of the Royal Sappers and Miners serving with this army, should be made known to the commander of the forces, the major-general

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
107
has taken the first opportunity after Sir John Burgoyne’s departure to hand to the Field Marshal the memorandum inserted in the brigade orders of yesterday ; and on that memorandum is the following observation :—
“ I entirely concur in the sentiments above expressed.
(Signed) “ Raglan.”
E. F. Bourciiier, Capt. R.E.,
Acting Brigade Major.
X 855 . Par. No. 1. In consequence of Major Gordon, R.E., having been severely wounded in the
March 23 . attack on the trenches last night, Major Chapman will perform the duties of second officer.
Par. No. 2. Major Bent will relieve Major Chapman in the duties of director of the Left attack.
March 24 . Par. No. 2. The term “ pit ” being applied by officers in the morning reports indiscriminately to the positions held by the Russian riflemen throughout the front of the attack, the major-general commanding has proposed to his lordship the Field Marshal to distinguish those with a wall in front by the term “ screen ; ” which his lordship having been pleased to approve of, officers will in future be careful to apply the correct term in their reports to these works.
(Signed) E. F. Bocrchier,
Capt. R.E., &c., &c.
March 25 . The services of Lieutenant Roberts, Royal Marine Artillery, being no longer required as an assistant engineer, his appointment will cease from this date inclusive.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer on Period between the 21st and 31st March.
The work performed in the Left attack was confined to the completion of unfinished works, and improving others. The communication made to No. 7 battery by the Royal Artillery was a very important one, and the manner in which the work was executed did them great credit. On the Right attack the work performed was of the same description. The defence of the Mamelon and ground in front of it appeal’s to occupy the enemy’s attention; the fire on this part of the attack is at times very heavy. The Russians appear determined to hold the advanced rifle-screens as long as they can.
The 9-pounder field pieces have done good service in keeping down the fire from the rifle-screens at foot of Mamelon in front of the French works.
The enemy having opened fire from a 68-pounder in the Mamelon on the morning of the 23d, it was answered by 17 rounds from the 68-pounder manned by the Naval Brigade, which dismounted it, and the mantlet dropped. Except on the night of the sortie, the number of casualties have been few.
General Jones recommended to the commander of the forces to change the hour of relief for the guard of the trenches.
On the 24th a meeting of the officers commanding artillery and engineers of the allied army assembled at General Jones’s hut, to consider the state of preparation for opening fire, and the nature of the attack to be adopted.
They considered that by the 2d of April the batteries would be ready to open their fire.
It was proposed that the French should give Colonel Dacres during the ensuing week the use of 20 waggons with six horses, for the purpose of assisting in bringing up ammunition. Colonel Dacres offered to bring up seven 13-inch mortars to be placed in battery on the Right attack.
o 2

108
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Generals Bizot and Jones to meet in the trenches, to consider the best mode of proceeding against
the enemy’s works.
The French to continue their works against the Mamelon.
The question as to the division of work in the trenches to be decided by the two Commanders-in-
Chief. On the 29th a programme of the proposed attack on the opening of the batteries, was as follows:
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 22d March 1855.
Tiie present state of the siege operations, and the immediate prospect of being soon called upon to push on the approaches towards the place, makes it incumbent upon the undersigned to draw the attention of the
commander of the forces to the minimum number of men which may be considered available for working parties when required.
The adjutant-general, by a communication received from him this day, has not felt himself empowered, under the present strength of the several divisions of the army, to give the two reliefs of 250 men each applied for, for this night’s work ; the consequence is, that an important operation could not be undertaken ; and when he shall be able to afford me the necessary strength is not apparent.
As soon as a lodgment shall be made upon the Mamelon, the English will be expected to proceed, conjointly with the French, in working up to the enemy’s works ; when this period arrives the work must be carried on
with vigour, and no delay for want of workmen can be allowed without great prejudice to the success of the
important operations in which the two armies are at present engaged.
The total number of men employed in the trenches amounts to 2,100; from this number working parties
are drawn in such numbers as the field officer in command considers may be spared without reducing too
much the strength of the guard necessary for the defence of the batteries, parallels, &c., already formed.
The only way in which the difficulties can be overcome appears to be that the British troops should undertake to furnish a certain number of men daily for working, and the French to afford the necessary number of troops for the covering parties and guards of the trenches, or vice versa.
The French in all probability would approve of the former. If such an arrangement should meet with the
approval of the commander of the forces, an early communication with the general commanding the French army would be desirable. If he declines, then must come the serious question, How are the siege operations to be carried on, if the British cannot advance beyond the lines of their present advanced parallels for want of troops to furnish working parties, which ought not to be calculated at less than 1,000 day and night, and in some particular operations at a greater number ?
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
M. General, C.R.E.
Memo.
Head-Quarters, March 25, 1855.
The under-mentioned officers assembled yesterday in General Jones’s hut, to consider the state of preparation of the allied armies for opening fire upon the place, and the nature of the attack to .be adopted.
Present :
Major-General H. D. Jones, C.R.E. Colonel Dacres, C.R.A. Lieut.-Colonel Ward, R.A.
General Niel, General Bizot,
lneers.
General Tiiiry, Artillery.
Major Claremont, Interpreter.
After the information and explanations afforded by General Thiry and Colonel Dacres respectively, in
respect to the ammunition of both armies, it was considered that by Monday the 2d April the batteries would be ready to open their fire.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
109
Colonel Daeres offered to bring up seven additional 13-inch mortars, to be placed in battery on the Right attack, three on the right flank and four on the left flank, in such places as General Jones and Colonel Daeres should consider best.
General Niel proposed to recommend General Canrobert to give Colonel Daeres during the ensuing week the use of 20 waggons with six horses, for the purpose of assisting in bringing up ammunition. Without such assistance, Colonel Daeres stated that he could not have his batteries furnished with 1,000 rounds by the 2d April.
The French to give the English a supply of gabions.
General Bizdt to meet General Jones in the English Right attack to-morrow, to consider the best plan of proceeding against the enemy’s works. The French still to continue their works against the Mamelon.
The question as to the division of the work in the trenches to be decided by the commanders-in-chief.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, C.R.E.
Memo.
The attention of the commander of the forces is requested to the regulation respecting the guards of the trenches, which takes place at an hour which is very objectionable in many respects, and may be attended with great danger to the troops themselves, as well as to the security of the trenches.
The hour of relief is between 7 and 8 p.m. The consequence is, that the relief takes place in the dark, when the officers going on duty cannot by any possible maimer make themselves acquainted with the works they have to defend, nor the ground in their immediate front or flanks, or those parts of the parallels or approaches where the greatest body of men should be stationed.
The hour at present appointed for the relief was fixed so that the parties might reach the trenches without being seen by the enemy.
If relieved by daylight, the purties for llie different attacks may proceed to the trenches by any of the ravines most convenient to their camps, and enter the first parallels on their flanks. This may be done at any time of the day, without the men being exposed to the enemy’s fire, and scarcely to his sight.
It is recommended that an alteration should be made in the hour for relieving the guards of the trenches.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
March 25, 1855. Major-General, C.R.E.
Memo.
My Lord, Head-Quarters, March 26, 1855.
I have the honour to enclose herewith a copy of my morning report for the past 24 hours, on the works executed by the enemy on the hill of which the Mamelon forms the crest. This report contains information which may be interesting as well as important for the French general in chief, as it is probable, from the advanced position we occupy by the trench lately executed by the English troops, that Captain Owen was enabled more distinctly to see the enemy’s works than could be done from the French parallel on our right and in front of the Mamelon.
Should your lordship consider it of importance, I would respectfully beg leave to suggest that the copy herewith enclosed should be forwarded to the French head-quarters.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, C.R.E.

110
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Copy of Morning Report enclosed.
Right Attack, March, 26, 1855.
6 A.M.
“ During the night there has been continuous musketry fire from the French and Russian trenches, “ a portion of the latter being directed on the right of the advanced trench (English).
“ The Russians were during the night working at the coupure on our left of the Mamelon, with a return “ along crest of ravine, also at the two trenches commenced yesterday, and a communication between them “ along crest of ravine, sheltered from enfilade from the French by the form of the ground, and giving a very “ serious extension to the musketry enfilade of the left of the new parallel.
“ The two mortar batteries were commenced, but I fear but few men can be employed upon them in
the day.
(Signed) “ II. C. Owen,
“ Lieut.-Col. Tylden, R.E.” “ Captain, R.E.”
Programme of tiie Method to be adopted for the Right Attacks after the opening
of Fire.
French Attack on the Mamelon that precedes that of the Malakoff.
It will be necessary that, previous to opening fire, the Right approach on the Malakoff counterfort be pushed so far on the slope of the Mamelon occupied by the new redoubt to enable us from the evening of the day of opening fire to seize the first chain of small Russian posts, and to establish ourselves there.
During the night and during the second day work will be carried on, under the protection of the artillery, to connect these posts by a trench, which may serve as a base and as a point of departure for the columns of attack which will be assembled the evening of this same day for the assault of the redoubt, to lodge themselves there and to consolidate their position during the night, at the same time that the communications in rear will be opened or improved.
English Attack on the Redan.
The night of the day of opening fire, or the evening following, according to the effect obtained by the Anglo-French batteries against the Russian batteries of the Redan and of the Malakoff Tower, a force will be directed upon the small Mamelon that precedes the Redan, to open a parallel of the greatest development possible, and during the night this parallel will be connected with the one in the rear by a communication on the slope of the Woronzoff ravine, and perhaps by a second communication on the right slope covered from the Malakoff Tower and the Flagstaff bastion.
The two attacks having succeeded so far, immediate orders will be given, after the effect of our fire and the progress of the approaches towards the Bastion du Mat and the Bastion Centrale on the Left attack shall be known, for the measures to be taken for a simultaneous attack on one part upon the Redan and the Barrack battery by the English, on the side of the town by the French.
The above programme details the first operation, to be undertaken whenever the batteries of the two armies shall be ready to open their fire, as agreed upon by Generals Niel and Bizot of the French engineers, and by the undersigned.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, C.R.E.
Head-Quarters, 29th March 1855.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Ill
Left Attack.
1855 .
April 1, Day.
6 a.m. to 6 F.M.
Line
"Working Party.
fist relief, 75 men. * * (2drelief, 190 ,,
Sappers ... 27 men.
Officers on duty
A working party was employed at No. 8 battery, excavating terrepleine, making traverses and magazines, improving cover of rifle trench on right of third parallel, constructing battery No. 9, on left of second parallel, deepening two caves at ditto to be converted into powder magazines, converting cave into magazine in rear of left of first parallel; commenced anew battery for four 13-incli mortars on the right of No. 1 battery ; a small party was employed thickening merlons of batteries Nos. 2 and 3.
April 1, Wight.
9 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Paett.
Line .... 200 men.
Guard of trenches 50 „
Naval Brigade 92 „
Sappers ... 12 „
Officers on date f Ca P t POETER, R.E. Officers on auty | Lieut GoEDOIf _
Rkuit Attack.
1855 . Working Paett.
Line .... 250 men.
Sappers ... 46 „
(Capt. Browne, R.E. Officers on duty Lt. Bainbrigge, R.E.
(.Lieut Pratt, R.E.
Left advance mortar battery No. 12, 1 officer, 30 men, and £ brigade of Sappers, levelling interior, and forming traverse and parapet communication from Left advance mortar No. 12. to eiglit-gun battery No. 9 ; 40 men and 2 Sappers deepening and widening trench communication from rifle-screen a to third parallel ; 1 officer, 30 men, and 1 Sapper widening trench and forming banquettes; right approach from third parallel, 30 men and 3 Sappers widening and forming banquette; second parallel near the French, 42 men and £ brigade of Sappers making defensible and improving cover ; right advance mortar battery No. 8, 2 brigades of carpenters at platforms and ^ brigade excavating for magazine and shell-room ; 20 men of Line finishing battery and approach, and removing sandbags from right demi-parallel to right advance mortar battery No. 8; 21-gun battery, 1 brigade Sappers and 20 men of Line filling sandbags and building magazine ; right Lancaster battery No. 1, one brigade of carpenters, small-arm magazine ; clearing up trench ■£ brigade of Sappers and 38 men.
8 A.M. to 5 r.M.
April 1, Night.
71 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 300 men.
Royal Artillery 90 „
Officers on duty {^gS'S.C.
A working party was employed in No. 8 battery, levelling terrepleine, sinking magazine, and continuing traverses on right of third parallel; in rifle trench, improving cover ; rifle-screen in front of No. 7 battery, thickening parapet, and improving cover. Party of Naval Brigade employed thickening merlons of batteries 2, 3, 4 ; party of guard of the trenches thickening parapet of mortar battery No. 1.
Memo.
The working party of 200 men did not parade at the engineer park until 20 minutes past 8 ; could not have reached Green Hill before 9 r.M. ; the officer of engineers on duty, Captain Porter, wished to make them work for an additional hour, viz., till 3 a.m., but the officer of the working party insisted on removing them at 2 a.m.
(Signed) G. Bent.
Sappers employed generally superintending, excavating at Left new mortar battery No. 12, and forming magazines in 21-gun battery, and Right new mortar battery No. 11. The artillery and Line were employed widening and forming traverses in Right and Left new mortar batteries Nos. 10 and 12 ; forming parapet and banquette at communication with advanced rifle-screen a, forming magazine in 21-gun battery, and thickening parapet of 21-gun battery ; work executed satisfactory.
A party of the enemy was observed working at a new rifle-screen lately formed to the left front of our communication with advanced screen a. I made application to Cnpt. Heyman, commanding royal artillery, to open fire on them from Coehorn mortars, which that officer declined to do. Lt.-Col. Grant, 49th Regiment, field officer on duty, commenced a

112
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Memo, of the last 24 hours.
At 4 p.m. a 13-inch shell fired from No. 2 Garden battery fell on the platform of No. 3 gun, No. 7 battery, exploded, and destroyed 2 sleepers and twelve cross-pieces ; several other shells were lodged with great precision in and about No. 7, but without causing any damage. Several shot and shell were fired at No. 8 battery, but without causing damage.
1055.
April 2, Day.
4 A.M. to 6 P.M.
A party were employed in No. 8 biittery on terre- pleine, traverses, and magazines, and filling sandbags ; deepening trench and improving cover in trench on right of third parallel; deepening trench and improving cover in rifle trench in front of No. 7; Sappers blasting rock in rifle screen above caves ; assisting Sappers in forming battery No. 9, on left of second parallel; assisting Sappers converting caves into powder magazines ; thickening merlons of batteries Nos. 2, 3, 4 ; commenced to excavate for magazine for spare small-arm ammunition in rear of No. 2 battery; continued to thicken parapet to form new mortar battery on right of No. 1 battery.
Line
WORKING 1'ARTY.
(1st relief, IW> men.
. . . . {I
(.3
Sappers ... 3
fCapt. Porter, R.E. Office) s on duty j Lj eu ^ Graham. R.E.
2d relief, 100 (.3d relief, 190 32 men.
Right Attack.
musketry fire on them at my request, which appeared to have the effect of making them leave off work.
The banquette of the left boyau to the third parallel was a good deal injured by the passage of artillery carts containing 13-incli shells along the trenches.
Observations.
Both these applications were made by Capt. King by my order, and I would submit that the officer of the artillery should be authorized to open fire from one or two of the guns or mortars on such occasions.
As there is a road outside on purpose for artillery, &c. to proceed at night, this damage was quite unnecessary.
(Signed) R. Tvlden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Certainly ; show to Col. Dacres.
Draw Col. Dacres’ attention to this also.
(Signed) Raglan.
Wounded, s rank and file.
so Party.
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 200 „
7 brigades.
Capt. King, R.E.
Lieut. James, R.E. Lieut. Siibehy, Olth Regiment.
Sappers employed generally superintending, forming magazines in 21-gun battery, new Right mortar battery No. 10, and excavating in new Left mortar battery No. 12. The Line were employed forming small-arm ammunition magazine near caves, left of Left boyau ; forming Right and Left new mortar batteries Nos. 10 and 12; improving cover at communication with advanced rifle screen a. and new communication from No. 12 battery with 8-gun battery No. 9, and clearing drains. Work executed satisfactory. Owing to the first relief not getting their breakfasts in time, they did not set to work till 9.V a.m.
It was evident this morning that the enemy had during the night formed two new rifle-screens on the right of the large one c. in front of our advance, and had extended his communication down the ravine on his right.
The fire from the large shells on the 21-gun battery was lively during the afternoon, and the platform of the 13-inch mortar destroyed thereby.
1855.
April 2, Day.
St A.M. to 5i P.M.
Line . . Sapj>ers .
Officers an duty
WorkjJ • • {

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
113
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
1855.
April 2, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 21 „
Officers on anty
1855.
April 2, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Line .... 300 men.
Guard of trenches 100 „
Royal Artillery 100 „
Sappers ... 3 brigades.
(Capt. Stanton, R.E. Officers on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
(.Lieut. Lowry, R.E,
A party was employed in No. 8 battery, excavating lock to form terrepleine ; in the third parallel, thickened parapet between Nos. 7 and 8 batteries to make it shot proof at top ; improving cover in rifle- screen in advance of No. 7 battery, by excavating and blasting ; commenced to occupy the caves in front of this rifle-screen, and protect the parties to be posted there by an arrangement of thick traverses, and deepening the existing small trench ; commenced a communication from rear of rifle-screen to the trench leading to the caves. A party of the Naval Brigade were employed thickening the merlons of No. 4. battery.
It was reported that a party of Russians commenced to work on the slope of the hill beneath the caves in advance of No. 7 battery, but were driven away by the riflemen in the new screen. At night there was ft good deal of firing from the Russian batteries, the “ Garden ” and “ Redan,” against our working parties. No casualties. About half past ten the men stood to their arms, but the alarm proved to be a false one.
"Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Opened about 120 yards of boyaux from the rifle- pit a. on the right, in front of the advanced parallel, by flying sap ; repaired cover for two field pieces in the communication from the 8-gun battery No. 9, to the left ; thickened the parapet of the 21-gun battery, and improved the epaulments in the new mortar ; batteries Nos. 10 and 11. A party of sailors was also employed filling sandbags for thickening the traverses on the left of the 21-gun battery. Lieut. James, R.E., was employed at the sap, and Lieut. Lowry at the emplacement for field guns, &c. The work performed was satisfactory. Very tolerable cover has been obtained in the new boyaux, but the night was so extremely light that I was obliged to place the gabions very slowly. The enemy brought out one or two field pieces, and endeavoured to interrupt the working party, but they were soon obliged to retire, in consequence of the fire opened on them by the guard of the trenches, and the work proceeded without any casualties occurring.
Three brigades of Sappers were divided amongst the different working parties, employed revetting with sandbags, superintending, &c. Major Bell of the 23d Regiment, commanding the working party, afforded me very great assistance. The enemy has thrown up during the night new rifle-screens in front of our advance work, and within about 200 yards of the work commenced during the night ; they had also working parties employed strengthening their rifle- screens generally along our front. Only one field piece has been placed in position.
(Signed) R.T.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
April 3, Day.
7 A.M. to C P..M.
Working Party.
Line . . SapjiCrs . Officers on
fist relief, 250 men.
' * (.2d relief, 103 „
. . .33 men.
tint,, ( Ca Pt. Armit, R.E.
J l Lieut. Murray, R.E.
A party was employed thickening parapet of new mortar battery on right of first parallel ; Sappers laying platform for 13-inch mortar battery, No. 13 ; excavating for magazine in rear of No. 2 battery, for
April 3, Day.
8£ A.M. to 5i P.M.
"Working Party.
Lina . . , . £
Sappers . . .
Officers on duty s
1st relief, 100 men.
2d relief, 150 „
7 brigades.
Capt. Stanton, R.E. Capt. Wolseley, 90th Regiment.
.Mr. Newsome, C.E.
Working parties were employed thickening the traverses on the left of the 21-gun batteiy excavating ground, heightening and thickening parapet in the first parallel on the left of the right mortar battery,
p

114
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
spare small-arm ammunition; converting caves in rear of left of first parallel into powder magazines ; blasting and excavating in three caves on left of second parallel, to convert them into powder magazines; thickening merlons of No. 2 battery ; filling sandbags in No. 6 boyau (to be used at night) ; a party of miners blasting in rifle-screen in front of No. 7 battery, to improve cover ; blasting and excavating in No. 8 battery, to form terrepleine. A platform was laid in No. 8. battery, and one repaired in No. 7.
Right Attack.
No. 1, and preparing the ground for a 13-inch mortar ; also in the two new mortar batteries, Nos. 10 and 12, making magazines, preparing for platforms ; made two ramps in the right battery No. 11, to enable the mortal's to be brought into it.
Four brigades of carpenters employed relaying the platform for 68-pounder gun on the right; continuing magazines in 21-gun battery and right mortar battery No. 10 (new). Sappers employed in clearing away stone in the left new mortar battery No. 12, generally superintending, and revetting the traverses in 21-gun battery with sandbags.
The enemy had working parties employed in the earth works round the tower and in the Mamelon.
A good deal of fire was directed on our works during the day, but no very great damage done to them. The tools were removed to a less exposed part of the battery.
1855.
April 3, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOBKIXG Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 21 „
("Capt. Hassabd, R.E. Officers on duty 1 Cajpt. Chapman, 20th (. Regiment.
The party carried 73 pieces of Alderson’s platform and 41 gabions. No. 4 traverse in No. 8 batteiy, revetment completed ; partial excavation of No. 7 and 8 gun portions. No. 1 magazine, earth thickened on top. No. 2 magazine covered with four courses of sandbags and revetted; continuation of third parallel thickened and banquette formed ; commenced a rifle-screen (c) about 100 yards in front of the centre of the third parallel ; obtained about four feet six inches of gabion cover, and all the gabions well covered.
Cover improved at traverse (thrown up previous night) at mouth of cave No. 1 ; traverse iu cave No. 2 raised three feet high, and a third traverse marked out in advance of left of third parallel ; Sappers and miners blasting in rifle-screen in front of No. 7 battery.
Captain Armit, R.E., was obliged to return to the camp from the trenches, having received a contusion from the bursting of a shell.
Captain Ilassard reports at commencement of evening Russians were heard working at bottom of hill.
The fire during the night was rather heavy, of grape, round shot, and shells, but no casualties.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
1855.
April 3, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Loyal Artillery Sappers . . . Officers on duty
400 men.
100 „
8 brigades.
Lieut. Pbatt, R.E.
Lt. Bainbbigge, E.E.
Advancing from the left of the third parallel on to the Redan ; continuing the advance from the rifle- screen A. in front of the Right advanced mortar battery, No. 8 ; improving cover for two field pieces in the communication between the 8-gun battery and the left boyau, or No. 12 battery. The artillery were employed thickening the parapet of the 21-gun battery. I have, with the deepest regret, to inform you of the death of Lieut. Bainbrigge, R.E., who was killed by the explosion of a shell at 3 A.M.
Killed, 1 officer, 1 rank and flic. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
J

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
115
.Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
(1st relief, 254 men.
Line .... < 2d relief, 60 „
(,3d. relief, 235 „ Sappers ... 48 men.
Om^erc on duh, f Ca P fc - HASSARD, R.E. Officers on duty ( Lieut Gordon, R.E.
A party were employed constructing mortar battery on right of first parallel; the carpenters finished laying one platform and commenced a second ; excavating magazine for spare small-arm ammunition in rear of No. 2 battery ; thickening merlon of No. 4 gun, No. 2 battery, from inside, and revetting with 6andbags ; building up front of cave for powder magazine in rear of left of first parallel ; excavating in caves on left of second parallel, and converting them into powder magazines ; constructing battery on left of second parallel; excavating for magazine for small-arm ammunition in rear of centre of second parallel ; throwing up small traverse to conceal latrine at left of No. 6 boyau ; deepening trench, and improving cover of communication to No. 7 battery ; excavating in No. 8 battery for terrepleine for magazine ; deepening trench and improving cover on right of No. 8 battery. In third parallel, thickening parapet on crest of hill to make it shot proof; deepening rifle-screen in front of No. 7 battery.
Working Party-.
SP parl W Women.
April 4, Night. Guard of trenches 169 „
8 P.H. to 5 A.M. Naval Brigade 100 „
Sappers ... 22 „
Officers on duty {S B n ™ e E r:e.
The working party Yvas employed carrying down timber from the engineer park ; thickening parapet of rifle-screen in front of No. 7 battery and trench leading to it ; carrying out platforms from green to No. 8 battery ; cutting a communication into cave in rear of rifle-screen, and from-thence descending into trench leading to the two lower caves. The traverses or screens in front of the two advanced caves were thickened. The detached circular rifle-screen (c) in front of centre of third parallel (commenced the previous night) was thickened. Continued to excavate for terrepleine of battery No. 8, and thicken earth on top of two magazines ; continued to deepen trench and improve cover of parallel on right of No. 8 battery. Parties in the first parallel thickened parapets of the existing and the new mortar batteries on right of No 1. battery ; thickening merlons of batteries
1855.
April 4, Day.
6 A.M. to 6 P.M.
1855.
April 4, Day.
8 A.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party-.
Lmo ....
Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
1st relief, 200 moil.
2d relief. 150 „
7i brigades.
Capt. Cropton, R.E. Lieut. Anderson, R.E. Capt. Green, H.E.I.C.
Employed in deepening the approach last night in front of the third parallel, also in two new mortar batteries, Nos. 10 and 12, and in the 21-gun battery in raising traverses and continuing magazines ; raised the two traverses in the boyau between the 21-gun and No. 9 batteries. The enemy’s fire on the two field pieces in the left of the 8-gun battery No. 9, was so heavy that the embrasures and parapets were much damaged. This parapet had been considerably thickened last night.
April 4, Night.
During the night the Russians have been working at a i’oyv of rifle-screens and pits in advance of that which they have already formed into a continuous trench in front of the Redan. The pits seem to be seven in number, some of them of very considerable dimensions, and there is the commencement of a boyau of communication from one of the pits to what may now be termed their first parallel. Not having been able since my last tour of duty to examine the enemy’s works in our front, I am uncertain whether any of this work may have been commenced before, and in this respect I always find myself placed in a difficulty. I think, however, the circumstances are sufficiently serious to call special attention to them. The screens are in a line in front of our solitary rifle-screen a, and in some parts not 100 yards from our trench. The work ordered last night was proceeded with without casual-
p 2

116
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
• Left Attack.
Right Attack.
2, 3, 4, o ; throwing up earth on magazine under parapet of No. 2 battery. Chevaux-de-frise were placed across the WoronzofF Road in front of advanced cutting.
A party of riflemen occupied the caves in advance of No. 7 battery all day, and one of them, who unnecessarily exposed himself in the trench, was shot by the Russians; another man was killed by a round shot in the rifle trench, and two other men struck by Minie balls.
The Russians have got accurately the range of all our advanced works from the Garden batteries and the Redan batteries.
At night the special working parties were sent down 200 strong, but when they reached the front they numbered only 171.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, I officer, 5 rank and file.
ties, and with scarcely any interruption. On the left 120 gabions were placed and 40 on the right. A special working party of 300 men were employed on these works, and 190 men, including artillery and sailors, at sundry works within the old limits of our trenches.
Distribution.
Raising and thickening parapets of 21-gun battery and repair of
8-gun embrasure - 70 Royal Artillery, 4 Sappers. Left 13-inch mortar battery,
No. 10 .... 30 Line, 4 Sappers,
Right 13-inch mortar battery,
No. 11 - - - - 10 „ 2 ,,
Traverse and screen, Left approach - - - - 30 „ 1 „
Left field-gun battery - - 20 „ 4 „
Right advance - - 200 „ 4 „
Left advance - - - -100 „ 4 „
Of the above party 90 were furnished by the guard of the trenches.
Killed, 1 officer, 2 rank and file. Woundod, 4 rank and flic.
1855.
April 5, Say.
4 A.M. tO 6 P.M.
Working Party.
Line ...» Sappers . .. . Officers on duty
1st relief, 179 mcu. 2d relief, 265 „
42 men.
Capt. Kelson, R.E. Lieut. Penn, R.A.
1855.
April 5, Say.
8 A.M. to 5 r.M.
Working Party
Royal Artillery Line .... Seamen . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
52 men.
}l70 „
7 brigades. rCapt. Owen, R.E.
' Lieut. Graves, E.E.
1 Capt. Woi.sei.et, 90th (. Itegt.
A party was employed at the new mortar battery on the right of the first parallel, thickening the parapet from the inside ; building traverses and laying platforms ; excavating for powder magazine in rear of No. 2 battery ; thickening earth on the top of the following magazines—magazine No. 3 in rear of No. 5 battery, No. 6 magazine in battery No. 4, and No. 1 magazine in rear of No. 5 battery ; three powder caves almost finished ; continued to work at No. 8 battery, deepening trench on right of third parallel ; working at battery No. 9, on left of second parallel; excavating for magazine in rear of centre of second parallel.
Distribution.
21-gun battery, excavating
for new mortar platform -
10 Line,
4 carpenters.
Thickening artillery and naval traverses
52
4 Sappers.
Naval magazine
20
yy
4 carpenters.
Small-arm ammunition cave -
10
yy
4 Sappers.
Left 13-inch iportar battery'
[-20
J
'4 Sappers.
1
1
1
o
” t
■ 6 carpenters.
Filling sandbags, advanced parallel - -
20
yy
1 Sapper.
Widening and improving right approach and right 13-iiicli mortar battery No. 10 - ' -
20
yy
2 carpenters.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
117
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Scavengers - - - 10 Line, 1 Sapper.
Improving Left advance - 30 „ 2 Sappers.
„ Right „ - 30 „ 2 Sappers.
Furnished by artillery and seamen. Three gabions laying on the reverse of the rifle-pit a. communication seem to have been wantonly destroyed. I observed portions of green brushwood, evidently parts of gabions, being used for firewood by the troops in various parts of the trenches, particularly in the rifle- pit A. communication. I reported the circumstance to the field officer. The fire from the enemy’s artillery was heavier than usual during the day, but the casualties were not very numerous.
1855.
April 5, TTigllt.
8 A.M. tO 2 A.M.
Working Partt.
Line .... Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officers on duty
200 men.
65 „
23 „
Capt. Porter, R.E. Lieut. Graham, R.E.
A party commenced to throw up a new battery, No. 14, to receive the 9-pounder, at end of trench at right of third parallel ; the gabions marking the lino of the parapet and traverse were placed and fdled, and six feet of earth thrown up in front of them. A special party of 70 men were given by the field officer to work at this battery between the hours of 2 A.sr. and 6 a.m. Captain Porter, R.E., reports there may be sufficient cover for 8 or 10 Sappers to work by day, but not for infantry. The battery may be completed in one more night.
A party were employed in No. 8 battery repairing injury to revetment caused by the penetration of two round shot yesterday, clearing away the debris consequent upon the fall of almost the entire revetment of the left gun portion ; the foundation was properly cleared, and revetment commenced ; improving cover, and repairing the left rifle-screen (in front of No. 7 battery) ; improving cover of centre rifle-screen (c) ; Naval Brigade employed thickening merlons of batteries Nos. 2 and 3.
The Russians kept up a heavy fire at the party constructing the new 9-pounder battery No. 14. Two men were killed and two wounded by grape shot. The two 9-pounders were taken to the front, and lodged behind the parapet of No. 8 battery.
Very heavy musketry fire was heard on the right about 8 r.ji., which lasted half an hour. Very heavy
1855.
April 5, Nigbt.
C P.M. to ll A.M.
Continuing advanced third parallel to crest of ravine. Two officers, 100 men of the Line, and half brigade Sappers employed procuring cover in parallel, placing gabions in parallel and lodgment, and filling them with sandbags and earth ; deepening communication from third parallel to advanced one, 40 men and one Sapper ; continuing ndvanced parallel to the right, to connect with proposed rifle-pit, 20 men and one Sapper ; filling and carrying sandbags for left advanced parallel and lodgment, 70 men and one- Sapper ; repairing loopholes of advanced parallel, 20 men and one Sapper. In left ndvanced mortar battery, No. 12, one corporal and three Sappers mining for magazine and platforms, assisted by 30 of the Line ; parapet thickened and levelled. In right mortar battery No. 10, magazine heightened with sandbags, and earthed up, one Sapper and 24 of the Line ; later another half brigade of Sappers were employed as follows :
One corporal and two Sappers, assisted by the Naval Brigade, and later by the Line, revetted anew the embrasure of the 68-pounder naval gun ; parties of five and six were detached from the party of 24, right mortar battery No. 10, and employed with one Sapper, in making good several breaches made by shells in the parapet of the boyau, &c.
It was found impossible to post any sentries, there being a heavy fire kept up almost all night from all
working Partt.
Line .... 300 men.
Sappers ... 3i brigades.
r Capt. Browne, R.E. Officers on duty •< Lieut. Lowry, U.E.
LMr. Newsome. C.E.

118 ’
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
musketry fire commenced in .front of the French Left attack at about 1 A.M., apparently caused by a
Right Attack.
the rifle screens and from the field pieces, also from large columns of Russians in the ravine of the Woronzoff Road, and in rear of each screen. The lodgment on the left of No. 1 left demi-parallel, and
sortie ; it lasted about 15 minutes.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and Ale.
the extension of the same demi-parallel to right, was only made by placing three or four gabions at a time, and filling them with bags. It was found to be quite impossible to commence the rifle-screen as directed, for even in preparing loopholes if a head was seen a volley followed. The artillery had no ammunition for the field pieces lately put in position on the right of the 8-gun battery No. 9, nor shells for the Coeliorn mortars. They fired a few rounds from the mortar in 21-gun battery, but without effect. There were a good many casualties amongst the covering party, but none in the working party. I regret extremely that the screen could not be commenced, but as long as the rifle-pits are held by the enemy work in front becomes very difficult. The Russians were at work opposite our right, but I could not hear them on our left. The -working party continued work until o’clock, a.m.
Killed, 6 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 15 rank and file.
Workino Party.
Working Party.
1st relief, 70 men.
2d relief, 181 „
.3d relief, 195 „
40 men.
Capt. Porter, R.E. Capt. Chapman, 20th
(1st relief, 70 men.
Line .... Royal Artillery Seamen , . .
408 men. 50 „
30
1855 .
April 6, I>ay.
8 A.M. tO 5 A.M.
1855 .
April 6, Day.
2 A.M. to 6 P.M.
Uv ,,
Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
\ceron duty
The working parties were employed as follows :
A party of 70 men were employed from 2 a.m. to 6 a. si. in the battery for two 9-pounders commenced last night; they were relieved by a party of Sappers, who worked until driven out of the trench by fire from the Redan ; working in No. 8 battery at magazines, filling sandbags, and revetting parapet; Sappers
21-gun battery, laying platforms on the right, five carpenters and five of the Line ; sandbag screens to No. 10 magazine, two Sappers and five of the Line, who also screened up No. 2 magazine ; completed No. 3 large magazine ; 60 men of the Line and one brigade of Sappers were employed filling sandbags and building magazine ; left advanced mortar battery No. 12, one brigade of Sappers, two of carpenters, and 20 men were employed laying platforms, mining, and excavating for magazines ; repairing 13-inch mortar platform, one brigade of carpenters ; 20 men and one Sapper were employed lengthening and making up traverse in left approach to second parallel ; making
laying gun platforms. A small party repairing *
damage to parapet in No. 2 boyau ; excavating for magazine for small-arm ammunition, centre of second parallel; completing cave magazines on left of second parallel ; completed excavation for magazine for small- arm ammunition in rear of No. 2 battery ; working at mortar battery on right of first parallel ; improving cover and thickening parapet.
up wall and parapet from 21-gun battery towards caves, 10 men and one Sapper. The gunners were employed sinking barrels for -water, and making a traverse with sandbags; the sailors also making up traverses. 100 men of the 71st -were employed carrying gabions from park ; they brought up 250 ; 100

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
119
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line (special ) . 200 men.
Guard of trenches 300 „
Sappers ... 28 „
. f Lieut. Murray, R.E. Officers on duty ( Licut Cakier. R.E.
A party were employed carrying down and fixing some lengths of clievaux-de-frise to the cut across the Woronzoff Road ; thickening the parapet of the two mortar batteries, No. 1, on right of first parallel. A party employed in the second parallel raising the height of the parapet ; cutting a covered way from Well down to second parallel ; commenced a third rifle-screen (d) in advance of the third parallel, situated about halfway between the centre rifle- screen (c) and the 9-pounder battery No. 14, but more to the front. The soil turned out to be rocky, but moderately good cover was obtained. Improved cover of trench in advance of No. 7 battery ; working in No. 8 battery, throwing up more earth on magazines ; working at the new 9-pounder battery. I scarcely think it can be completed by to-night, but there will probably be cover from musketry fire for the gunners.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
1855.
April 6, Wight. 8 A.M. to 6 A.M.
April 7, Day.
4 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officers on duty |
1st relief, 19C men.
2d relief, 380 „
39 men.
Lieut. Murray, R.E. Lieut. Neville, R.E.
The party were employed all day in the new two- gun battery for 9-pounders, No. 14, at right extremity of third parallel, excavating to form terrepleine ; thickening parapet and epaulment on left; thickening and revetting parapet on right of No. 8 battery; working in No. 9 battery, excavating for terrepleine,
men were employed filling sandbags at the advanced, works, and also deepening approach to advanced work ; 50 men relieved the gunners and sailors in making up traverses and thickening the sides and tops of magazines in 21-guu battery ; 20 men were sent up to the park for sandbags and pickets ; 10 men in the park taking care of great coats, &c. ; eight men carrying sandbags to front. There was but little firing, and no casualties reported. The Russians erected a large work, apparently for a battery, near the bottom of the Mamelon Hill on the French side, which will to a certain extent flank their screens on our side of the middle ravine.
1855.
April 6, Wight.
7 r.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Paett.
Line .... 428 men.
Sappers ... 21 brigades.
(Capt. King, R.E.
Officers on duty < Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
(.Lieut. Brake, R.E.
Sappers generally superintending, and excavating at left new mortar battery No. 12 ; 428 men of the Line were employed, and the work executed was 35 yards of trench opened in left advance, No. 1, left demi-parallel, on Redan ; good cover obtained. A rifle-screen i> for about 20 men in front of left of third parallel, aiul communication with left advanced boyaux ; a new mortar battery, No. 11, commenced in front of right Lancaster gun (No. 1 battery) communication ; Left new mortar battery, No. 12, prepared for platforms ; clievaux-de-frise fixed across Woronzoff Road ; Left magazine in 21-gun battery covered with earth. Such an intense fog prevailed at 6 A.M. that it is not possible to ascertain what the Russians have done during the night. Parties worked satisfactorily.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
April 7, Say,
8i A.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Royal Artillery Sappers . . .
Officers on duty «<
1st relief, 250 meu. 2d relief, 210 „
36 men.
32 men.
Capt. King, R.E. Lieut. James, R.E. Lieut. Sheeii y, 64th . Regt.
Sappers generally superintending, and covering magazines in 21-gun battery ; carpenters laying platforms, and forming powder magazines in new left mortar battery No. 12 ; the artillery and Line were employed excavating for new 13-inch mortar battery No. 11, in front of right Lancaster gun ; bomb-proof

120
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
making magazines, See. ; working at third parallel on left of No. 8 battery ; thickening parapet, forming banquette, Sec. ; improving cover in trench in front of No. 7 battery. In the second parallel, excavating for magazine for small-arm ammunition ; deepening trench and improving cover on left of second parallel ; completing trench leading to Well ; making a covered communication to convey powder to each of the magazines of the batteries from the caves ; thickening parapet between the two mortar batteries on right of first parallel ; working at No. 1 mortar battery, and filling sandbags to use at magazines, shell-rooms, Si c.
surgery near Lancaster gun (right), No. 1 battery, commenced ; improving cover and making up banquette in left advanced boyau No. 1, left demi-parallel, and improving cover in right advanced boyau ; forming traverse in left communication with third parallel ; collecting and filling sandbags in third parallel, and clearing drains ; work performed satisfactory.
The enemy appears to have formed additional walls at the quarries in front of the Redan during the night, but not to have formed further advanced rifle-screens. The rifle screen d formed by us last night was occupied during the day.
1855.
April 7, Night.
8 r.M. to 6 A.M.
Working Party. r •Cist relief, 200 men. - Ltn<? ‘ * * • (2d relief, 100 „
Sappers ... 22 men.
run***.**** f Capt. HASSAltl), T?-"R.
Officers on duty | Li ^ ut _ Gordon, R.E.
The 9-pounder battery No. 14, on right of the third parallel, was finished, the embrasures cut and masked, and the guns brought into it. Parties were employed in No. 8 battery throwing up earth on the two powder magazines, removing rock, Sic. ; improving cover in the advanced rifle-screens (c and d), and placed sandbag loopholes in the centre one (c) ; worked at communication from left rifle-serecn descending to the caves, and commenced to enlarge the subterranean passage from cave to cave ; commenced to build traverses in No. 1 boyau ; improved cover of parapet in second parallel.
P.S.—The night commenced to he foggy at 1 a.m. The enemy fired a considerable quantity of grape at the working parties.
(Signed) G. B.
Wounded, 2 rank and fde.
1855.
April 7, Night.
7 r.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
400 men.
■J V brigades.
'Oapt. Stanton, R.E. Lieut. Graves, R.E. Cant. Wolskley, 00 th . Regt.
The boyau in advance on the left was continued about 70 yards further, and tolerable cover obtained the whole of the length. Working parties were also employed improving the work of the previous night, filling sandbags, &c. A party of 40 men were employed at the now 13-inch mortar battery, No. 11, on the right, and 20 men at the large magazine on the left of the battery. Half a brigade of Sappers were employed excavating stone in the new mortar battery on the left. One brigade was employed on the upper batteries and one in the advanced works, superintending, placing gabions, sandbags, &c. The enemy did not molest us at all during the night. A thick fog this morning prevents my seeing what work has been executed by the enemy during the night.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Reports from Look-out Station.
April l. Nothing particular occurred during the night. Some sharp firing along the French parallel this morning ; on the whole, the night passed off quietly.
The Russians and French employed field guns when the fusillades at night commenced, after which the firing soon ceased.
April 2. No movement has been observed on the part of the enemy ; the same desultory firing between the French and Russians. No appearance of any additional works.
April 3. The Russians kept up a heavy cannonade during the greater part of the night both against our advanced works and those of the French. The latter kept exchanging vollies of musketry with the enemy until after midnight.
The Russians about half past 11 o’clock brought out a field piece on the open ground between our advance and the Redan. After firing a few rounds at our working parties, it was compelled to withdraw by a volley

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
121
from our new works ; notwithstanding the heavy and long-continued fire directed against our workmen, few casualties occurred. During the night the enemy erected several rifle-screens along the front of our works.
This morning there has been a violent contest of artillery going on between the two new Russian works and the French 15-gun battery at Inkerman.
There was considerably more parading than usual on the north side, hut no movement of troops was perceived.
1855.
April 4. There has been a good deal of firing both of artillery and musketry during the night.
The Russians appear to have connected all their rifle-screens in front of the French on our right, and joined the trench thus formed with that which runs down from the Mamelon redoubt to the ravine.
Lt. Bainbrigge, R.E., was killed by a splinter of a shell in No. 12 battery.
April 5. No movement on the part of the enemy has been observed; a large convoy supposed to
have arrived during the night from the large number of waggons which are posted near the Star fort on the north side.
A very heavy fire was opened yesterday afternoon about 3 r.M. from all the enemy’s batteries bearing on our Right attack and on the French works towards Inkerman, which was continued until sunset, and was answered by our mortar batteries in the Right attack and in front of the Picquet house.
The fire was resumed about half past eight in the evening, accompanied by musketry, and continued until past midnight.
Our mortar batteries did not return the enemy’s fire.
April 6 . A convoy of about 300 arabas were seen to arrive by the Sympheropol Road between 3 and
4 r.M. yesterday, and before dusk 1,500 men were observed marching from the camp opposite towards the post house, when they appeared to turn to their right.
The last night has been a very disturbed and unquiet one in our trenches. On attempting to place the sentries in advance, to cover our working parties in the approach on the right, about 8 r.M., they were immediately tired upon and driven in by a strong party of Russians posted to cover a working pnrty of their own, which appears to have been employed in connecting their rifle-pits along our front by a trench, and on which a fire was opened from our advanced works, which, however, soon ceased ; the troops were then turned in, having been culled to their arms in consequence of the previous alarm.
About 10 o’clock another attempt was made to post the sentries and to send out the working parties, but with a similar result, and it was only when the moon rose, and the enemy had retired some distance to the rear, that our soldiers could proceed with their work, which they continued to do until daylight. The whole of these operations were accompanied by a heavy fire of shot and shell, which caused a good many casualties of a serious description. A heavy tire from Coehorns would have been most serviceable.
April 7. There is such a thick fog this morning that nothing can be seen.
It was supposed, from the increased number of arms visible in the camp on the north side, that a considerable body of troops had arrived.
Last night was comparatively tranquil.
GENERAL ORDERS.
April 5 . No. 1.—The Field-Marshnl Lord Raglan has great satisfaction in noticing the very satisfactory manner in which the working parties employed in the Right attack on Monday night, 2d instant, performed the duties assigned to them.
Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell of the 90th Regiment, and Major Bell of the 23d Fusiliers, are reported to have been particularly active and zealous in carrying out the directions of the officer of engineers in charge of the works, while exposed to a heavy tire from the enemy.
No. 4_Referring to general after-order of 23d February, the working pay returns for parties employed in
the trenches are in future to be ’given by officers or non-commissioned officers in charge of parties to the adjutant on duty in the trenches, who will transmit them, when collected, to the adjutant of the Royal
Q

122
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Engineers at tlie engineer park of the attack at which they were employed, if circumstances should have prevented his obtaining the signature of the captain of Royal Engineers on duty before quitting the trenches.
No. 9.—From to-day, a general of the day will be named in orders instead of a general of the week. His tour of duty will commence at 4 p.m.
1855 . No. 1.—The present state of the siege operations demanding the utmost vigilance to
April 6. guard against any hostile enterprise, the field-marshal requests that generals commanding
divisions will not fail to have their respective alarm posts in readiness to repel any advance of the enemy.
It is desirable that the party of 500 men who have returned to camp after six hours’ work in the trenches should be exempt from this early parade, unless a serious attack should demand every man’s presence.
No. 2.—As the assembly of many persons on the hill in front of the camp of the Light Division has the effect of attracting a fire from the enemy, whereby valuable lives may be uselessly expended, the commander of the forces directs that staff officers and officers on duty only shall be permitted to approach or to remain near the Picquet house, or the crest of the hill near it,
Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown will be good enough to establish a patrole, if necessary, to ensure obedience to this order.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
April ft. No. 1.—Major Chapman is requested to give orders to the directors of the two attacks, that whenever the places selected for the depots of the trenches become exposed to the enemy’s fire, another site be immediately selected, in order to guard as much as possible against further casualties.
No. 2.—The major-general having yesterday inspected the works performed on the previous night, has much pleasure in notifying in orders his great satisfaction with the manner in which the works were executed, reflecting great credit upon Captains Stanton and Armit, and the subaltern officers employed under them.
Captain Stanton and the men of the Royal Sappers and Miners appear to have been very zealous in the performance of the duties assigned to them.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
It will be perceived from the above that both parties, English and Russians, have been actively employed during the past week in pushing forward and strengthening their works. The Russians are very persevering in establishing their advanced posts well to their front, and afterwards connecting their rifle pits and screens, very much to the annoyance of our workmen.
The fire from the enemy at times was very brisk, but without causing any great number of casualties. The Naval Brigade were very' actively employed in bringing up heavy guns and their carriages from Balaclava to the depot, Right attack, also in carrying shot and shell, one man carrying a 32-pounder shot, and two men one G8-pounder shot.
The powder for the batteries was conveyed in waggons to the magazines during the night.
On the Left attack the principal work executed was improving the cover to magazines and batteries. No. 8. battery being formed in solid rock, was a very difficult and tedious operation. The enemy appeared to be veiy jealous of the batteries constructed on this line, and the posts established in front of it; all difficult work; the ground in almost every part solid rock. The progress during the 'week, notwithstanding the precision and heavy fire of the enemy, has been very satisfactory.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
123
Lieut. Bainbrigge, Royal Engineers, a young officer of great talent and promise, was unfortunately killed by the bursting of a shell.
The electric telegraph wires have been carried down to Right attack.
Right Attack, 2d April 1855.
Memorandum.— For the consideration of the Major General commanding Royal Engineers.
1st. An extra 13-incli mortar (sea service) lias been brought to the sea-service mortar battery on the top of the hill near the Picquet house.
Shall the third mortar be placed in battery there ?
2d. With regard to the provision for 70,000 rounds of small-arm ammunition in the Right attack, a small mngazine, to contain about 12,000 rounds, has been constructed in the communication to the right ravine. The remainder can be deposited in one of the smaller caves over the Woronzoff Road, and secured in it.
Precaution has been taken within the last few days (since the ammunition has been placed in them) to thicken the temporary walls in front of the cave magazines with sandbags, and cover them as much as possible ; hut as danger may still exist of their destruction, provided the enemy were able to force the obstructions on the Woronzoff Road, and bring a light howitzer or field gun either along the road or on the side of the ravine in front of the Left attack, it is submitted that every precaution should be taken against such a contingency.
3d. In the detail of the special working parties, it is directed that the men should leave their arms piled at the 21-gun battery. Unless there is any special reason for this arrangement, I would submit that the men work with much greater confidence with their arms near them ; and that separating them from their arms is inadvisable, unless strong covering parties are posted especially to protect them. In the event of alarm it is impossible to prevent the men scattering, and running to the nearest advanced party.
(Signed) R. Tyi.den,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.,
Directing Right Attack.
Memorandum.— For the General Officer commanding in the Trenches.—4tli April.
The general officer of the day should feel himself responsible for everything done in the trenches during the period of his command, the quantity of work performed, and the fire, kept up by the batteries, equally with the regularity of the troops.
The disposition of the guard of the trenches, and the direction and precision of their fire, claim his particular attention ; and also the proper method of posting the guard to receive and repel sorties.
Much will ever depend on the vigilance and intelligence of the officer commanding in the trenches, whatever be his rank, and for however short the period of his command. On coming on duty he should make himself master of the intent and nature of the different lines of works, parallels, approaches, and communications, so as to post his men to the best advantage.
Each officer in command of a detachment should be made acquainted with the disposition of the troops in his front and on his right and left, and should be made to study the different communications around him, so as to be able to bring up his force to the point attacked in the best order and by the shortest route. The men of the guard in the advanced portions of the trenches should not be permitted to lie,about the parallel, but should be made to sit on the banquette, prepared to stand to their arms on the slightest alarm, in the order they will be required to oppose an assailant.
The engineers also should pay the utmost attention to facilitating the repulse of sorties, by putting good and easy banquettes to the parallels, and keeping the crest of their parapets at their proper height. The ravines on the flanks of the attacks require particular attention, and should be made as secure as possible against any attack the enemy may be disposed to attempt by them. This is more important in the Woronzoff ravine since thc_depot of powder has been placed there.
Q 2

124
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The senior officer should invariably be stationed in the most advanced parallel.
The electric telegraph having been carried down to the left of the Right attack, this is the point where the general should establish himself while on duty, and to this point all reports from the front or most advanced works should be addressed. By this telegraphic communication with head quarters can readily be made.
(Signed) Harry D. Jokes,
Major-General, Commanding, R.E.,
4th April 1855.
Approved.
(Signed) Ragi.ak.
The appointment of a general officer was most important, as it was expected that greater regularity in every respect would he established than had heretofore been the case, the engineers being dependent entirely upoD the feelings and the greater or less intelligence of the field officer commanding in the trenches.
French
English
r Artillery.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 7th April 1855. A conference was held this day at the head quarters of the French army.
Present,
(General Canrobert.
: General Thiry,
j General Le Boeuf,
’ i General Niei., 1 _ .
! ,, i a V Engineers.
! General Bizot, J °
[ Major Claremont, Interpreter.
r Colonel Dacres, Artillery.
* ( Major-General II. D. Jones, Engineers.
The details of each attack and the proposed mode of proceeding were fully discussed ; it was then decided that the batteries should open on the morning of Monday, 9th instant, and that a regular and continuous fire should be maintained for 24 hours ; that the above-named officers should assemble at the English head quarters on Tuesday the 10th, to discuss and decide upon the mode of attack ; the effect of 24 hours’ firing upon the enemy’s works will then be known, and more correct judgment formed of what will be proper to be done under the then state of affairs.
The batteries are to open fire at daybreak along the entire line, English and French. Should a fog prevail, each battery is to open as soon as the object shall be clearly distinguished against which its fire is to be directed.
(Signed) IIarry D. Jones,
Major-General, C.R.E.
A good deal of irregularity respecting the working pay due to the men employed in the trenches caused some inconvenience. The irregularities were not attributable to any blame which could be attached to any particular individual, but arose principally from the difficulty of getting the proper signatures to the pay lists in the trenches, which induced the Field Marshal to issue the order referred to.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
125
Note of the Russian Forces in the Crimea.
8 th April 1855.
In the Town of Sebastopol.
■ Men.
The lOtli and lltli Divisions of Infantry of the 4th Corps, making four brigades, eight regiments, 32
battalions, estimated at 700 men in each battalion, equal to 2,800 per regiment - - 22,400
The 1st Brigade of the 14tli Division, 5tli Corps, two regiments, eight battalions, estimated at 800 men
in a battalion ------- - 6,400
Eight battalions of reserves of the 13th Division, 5th Corps, estimated at 500 men in a battalion - 4,000
One battalion of sharpshooters, 4th Corps, about 300 men ------ 300
One battalion of sappers, 4th Corps, about ... - - 300
One battalion of Cossacks of the Black Sea, riflemen - - - 400
A regiment of the 12th Division was in town at one time, but has, I believe, again gone out. There
are besides in the town about 6,000 sailors ----- 6,000
36,600
Before Eupatoria.
The 8th and 9th Divisions of Infantry of the 3d Corps, making four brigades, eight regiments, 32 battalions, estimated at 800 men in each battalion, or 3,200 in each regiment Ten battalions of reserves of the 6th Corps -
One battalion of sharpshooters ------
One battalion of sappers .----. - -
25,600
8,000
500
500
34,600
In the neighbourhood of Sebastopol, the north side, Belbec and Chorgoun.
The 16th and 17tli Divisions of Infantry, 6th Corps, four brigades, eight regiments, 32 battalions, at 700 men, or 2,800 in each regiment -
12th Division of Infantry, 4th Corps, two brigades, four regiments, 16 battalions, 850 men Sharpshooters and sappers, 2 battalions - - -
One battalion of guards ----- - - -
20,800
12,800
1,000
800
35,400
At Perekop, about one regiment, or say At Baclie Serai and Sympheropol At Kertch, about At Theodosia -
3,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
Infantry men
13,000

126
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Cavalry.
Their exact position I am not sure of at the present moment.
One division of lancers of reserve, sabres ...... 3,600
One brigade of carbineers .... . - 1,800
One brigade of hussars, 6 th Corps - - ...... 1,800
One brigade of hussars, 4th Corps ... - - 1,800
One division of dragoons ---------- 3,600
Six regiments of Cossacks - - - - ■ - - - - 2,400
Sabres ---------- - 15,000
Artillery.
Taking for granted that the divisions of infantry and cavalry have their respective artillery with them, which I have every reason to believe is the case, there will be near 480 pieces of field artillery and about 8,000 men.
Totals.
In Sebastopol Near Sebastopol Near Eupatoria
In other parts
36.600 35,400
34.600
106,600
13,000
119,600
Cavalry --*-*•■ * - - - - - 15,000
Artillery - - - - • ... .. ... . . . 8,000
Total ...... 142,600
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855
April 8, Say.
6 A.5T. to 5 F.M.
Working Party.
T . „ flat relief, 250 men.
Line .... ( 2 d relief, 350 „
Sappers . . . 42 men.
f Capt. Hassard, R.E. Officers on duty | Lieut. Graham, R.E.
A party were employed for a short time at the nine-pounder battery, No. 10, improving the cover, until driven from it by the enemy’s fire ; working at No. 8 battery, cutting out embrasures, cutting passages round traverses to magazines, 8tc.; thicketiing parapet of 3d parallel; filling sandbags and -improving cover in left rifle-screen at left of- 2d parallel; making magazine for small-arm ammunition in 1st parallel ; constructing mortar battery, No. 1, on right; laying platforms for 13-inch mortars ; commenced magazine; rebuilt and strengthened two merlons in No. 3 battery;
1855 .
April 8, Say.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Line Sappers
■Working Party. . . 300 men.
32
Officers on duty t Stantqn^R.E.
(.Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
Working parties were employed in the new mortar battery on the right, continuing the excavation ; in the 21-gun battery, filling sandbags; completing magazine, &c. in the left mortar battery ; excavating for and laying platforms, and fixing magazine ; continuing traverse in the left communication ; improving the cover in the new boyaux on the left, and repairing the parapet, of the trenches where holes had been made by shot or shell.
The small-arm ammunition magazine in the caves and the 3d naval magazine are completed. Three

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
12 /
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
laying platforms in new mortar battery, No. 3, between batteries Nos. 3 and 4, filling sandbags as a reserve for each battery.
1855.
April 8, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Guard of trenches 108 men. Additional . 189 ,,
Sap/u rs . . . 58 men.
Officers on duty
Capt. Belson, R.E. Lieut. Penn, R.A.
A party was employed in No. 8 battery, fixing frame of No. 3 magazine; work not completed; owing to the lantliorn with which the party was working having been broken at the right trench in front of No. 7 battery, but very little was done. A strong party of Sappers cut through the embrasures of No. 7 battery, but did not quite complote the work. The embrasures were again masked, as the Royal Artillery were unable to bring up the guns, owing to the unfavourable state of the weather. Employed in the new mortar battery on right of the 1st parallel ; making two temporary magazines, but these were not nearly finished ; magazine in rear of No. 2 battery nearly completed. Parties were employed outside, thickening parapets of two mortar batteries on right of 1st parallel. Three mortar platforms were laid, and the 4th wanting only a few spikes to be driven this morning.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
f
April 9 , Day.
4 A.M. to 5 P.M.
WORKING .TARTY.
Line .... 90 men.
Sappers ... 13 „
Officers on duty
After three o’clock a.m., when the darkness was not quite so intense, I had a working party employed in
brigades of Sappers were employed generally about the works, the carpenters making a field surgery, fixing the magazine in the left mortar battery, and laying platforms.
The enemy appear to have strengthened their rifle- screens during the night, and to have erected a new one in front of our boyaux on the left. No working parties were observed during the day, and very little fire was directed against our batteries. Several rounds were fired from the Coeliorn mortars into the enemy’s rifle-screens, but some of the shells did not burst. The enemy’s riflemen kept up a steady fire during the day.
1855.
April 8, Night.
5 F.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
300 mm.
2$ brigades.
( Capt. Ckofton, K.E. Lieut. Drake, R.E.
Eighty men were employed in improving the right boyaux from the rifle screen ; 20 in nearly opening
the embrasures in the 8-gun battery ; 200 in rendering defensible the 1st boyau in front of the left of the 2d parallel ; in commencing a new boyau, of which 40 gabions were placed, half of them filled and backed up, mid tho remainder nearly filled ; also in filling and carrying gabions. 50 men from the guard of the trenches were employed in thickening and heightening the new right mortar battery ; 20 men in covering the magazine in the left advanced mortar battery; and 20 men in revetting and opening the embrasures of the 21-guu battery, and placing sandbag screens in front of the guns.
In consequence of the very heavy rain and extreme darkness, it was very difficult to get the men to work. The work on the left was also broken in upon by two alarms, which proved false. The two mortars which were to have been put in the left advanced mortar battery stuck fast in the mud, and could not be put in position. Between twelve and one o’clock there was a sharp musketry fire on the French side in front of the Victoria redoubt.
Killed,! rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Working Party.
. _ Line .... 90 men.
April 9, Day. Sappers ... 28 men.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M. (Capt.CROFTON, R.E.
Officers on duty < Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
(.Capt. Green, H.E.I.C.
Ninety men of the Line were employed in supplying sandbags to Sappers in 21-gun battery ; in covering

128
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
assisting the Sappers in No. 7 battery ; in blocking up the cut in the 2d parallel, -which had been made for the passage of the guns. The working party were also employed in the 1st parallel at the temporary magazines in the new mortar battery (No. 1). At daybreak, I think about quarter to six A.M., the French batteries opened fire on the enemy, and were speedily followed by our own. The enemy were not slow to reply. The working parties had just time to withdraw to the shelter of the 1st parallel before they commenced. The enemy’s fire did not appear to me to slacken sensibly as the day advanced, nor could 1 see that any damage had been done to his works, or that any battery ceased firing. I must say, however, that I could see very imperfectly, owing to the smoke and rain. The Madras platforms used in our batteries did not stand at all -well; many of the mortar and gun platforms gave way, though only in a few cases so as to cause the fire to be discontinued. The parapet of the 10-inch mortar battery, No 3, on left of No. 3 battery, requires raising. The gunners complained of a want of cover. The 13 Sappers I had ns a working party -were distributed through the batteries, and towards the close of the day commenced draining off the rain water, which work was much required.
Right Attack.
the roof of magazine in No. 12 mortar battery, and cleaning out drains in No. 10 mortar battery. Suppers two brigades, and three brigades of carpenters, employed in repairing damages in 21-gun battery and in mortar battery (12).
Shortly after daylight fire was opened from 21-gun battery, from the mortars in No. 10 in 2d parallel, from one mortar in No. 12, and from those in the old Coehorn battery, No. 7, upon Sebastopol. The damage done by the enemy’s fire was slight, and speedily repaired. The effect of ours upon him was difficult to perceive, but his fire from the Mamelon and Tower was slight.
A 24-pounder gun was broken at the muzzle ; a 32-pounder had the left trunnion knocked off, and the fighting bolt of the left Lancaster platform slipped. The Sappers behaved remarkably well ; but I have particularly to notice private M‘limes of the 7th Company, for his zeal and energy, also Corporal M‘Kimm, 7th Company.
The telegraphic messages as to the state of tin- works from Major Chapman were received, and replied to.
P.S.—'flic enemy fired about one shot to our three, and but few shells. Our casualties in the batteries about 20, of whom eight or ten killed. The iron gabions appear to answer well for the embrasures. Owing to the heavy rain throughout the day, the working parties to-night will be occupied in the drainage of the new batteries, and repairing embrasures, &e. in the 21-gun battery.
The guard of the trenches did not appear to have received any instructions as to firing into the enemy’s embrasures. If they had, they were too tired to do so.
, (Signed) R. Tylden,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.
1855.
April 9, Night. 8 P.M. to 5 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 110 men. 68 men.
Capt. Porter, R.E.
The whole of the men were employed during the entire night in repairing the embrasures and platforms which were damaged ; they are now in good order, and fit for a day’s firing. No casualties, and no firing from the enemy.
1855.
April 9, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Wobkixg Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
160 men.
3 brigades.
Capt. Owen, R.E.
Lieut. Jahes, R.E. Lieut. Sheehy, frith . Regt.
The work ordered was executed with little difficulty, as the night turned out fine. Two brigades of Sappers, with 70 men of the Line, were employed in the repair of the embrasures in the 21-gun battery; 40 men of the Line in No. 11 mortar battery; 30 men

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
129
Left Attack.
The artillery fired throughout the night from mortars, and the sailors fired a few rounds from No. 2 battery.
I have to report that the working party of one regiment behaved very badly, and did little or no work, nor could either Captain Chapman or myself find the officer of the party, although we both searched for him repeatedly. I reported the circumstances to the general in the trenches, who was also unable to find him. I have also to report that the artillery officers in the trenches stated that they had no instructions to arm the advanced battery, No. 7, and the guns consequently remain where they were yesterday, with the exception of one, which has replaced a damaged one in No. 4 battery.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and flic.
1855.
April lO, Say.
8 A.M. to 0 P.M.
WORKIXG PABTY.
Line . . . . |
Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 100 men.
2d relief, 140 men.
30 men.
Lieut. Mubbay, R.E. Lieut. Gobdox, R.K.
Seventy men were employed in filling sandbags in rear of the batteries in the first parallel ; 12 were employed in draining, &c., the batteries; 12 in repairing the revetments of the parapet, and of some traverses in Nos. 1 and 4 batteries ; 8 men were employed excavating and filling sandbags for No. 2 magazine in No. 8 battery. In the second relief 65 men were employed filling snndbags as in the morning ; 20 men repairing the parapet and traverses, 100 draining, and 40 men in Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, and the third parallel, draining,, repairing the revetments, and fixing the frames of No. 3 magazine, No. 8 battery.
On my being relieved, 38 guns and 12 mortars were serviceable. A 13-inch mortar burst to-day in No. 1 battery, without causing any casualty. The embrasures generally required revetting this evening ; several shots having struck No. 1 magazine, No. 1 battery, in the same place ; the last forced its way in, but did not cause any explosion. The works generally are not much the worse for the enemy’s fire, but the heavy rain has caused the sandbag revetments in Nos. 7 and 8 batteries to give way in several places. 60 men were posted in the rifle-pits, but none in the third parallel, nor, as far as T am aware, in the second.
Right Attack.
in No. 10, and 20 men in No. 12, with a brigade of Sappers between the three.
The enemy fired very few rounds during the night, and without any effect.
This morning the Round Tower returns none of the fire of the battery, and the Mainelon only little ; the principal fire is from the Redan ; a considerable number of rifle balls reach the battery. I cannot perceive any damage in the Russian works in front.
Wounded, •') rank and file.
Naval Brigade
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded. 8 seamen.
I
i
1855.
April 10, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 T.M.
WORKING PARTY.
j Line . . . . ! Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
135 men.
36 men.
'Capt. Owen, R.E. i Lieut. Graves, R.E. i Capt. Wolseley, OOtli . Regt.
DISTRIBUTION.
No. 11 mortar battery, one brigade carpenters and 60 men of the Line. No. 10 mortar battery, two Sappers, one brigade of carpenters, and 15 men of the Line. No. 12 mortar battery, two Sappers and 20 men of the Line. Miscellaneous, two Sappers and 10 men of the Line. Repairing embrasures, magazines, See. in 21-gun battery, two brigades of Sappers, and one brigade of carpenters, and 30 men of the Line.
The numbers were slightly raised the second relief.
Much damage was done to the embrasures, magazines, traverses, &c. by the enemy’s fire. This is not so serious, however, but can be easily repaired.
The Sappers behaved very well in repairing the ■ embrasures, and even re-constructing them, under fire. The coolness and soldierlike conduct of Private J. Harris*, 2d Company, render me desirous of bringing his name before the commanding officer ; the conduct of Private Luce, 7th Company, was equally meritorious. Private J. Bastion and Lance Corporal P. Jowell were slightly wounded in performing this duty.
As far as I could judge, our fire made no material impression upon the Redan and Garden batteries, by which alone it was answered. The Malakoff Tower
B

130
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
mid Mamelon were quite silent, or tired only occasionally.
* Let a note be taken of his name, and given to me, with a statement of his age, service, and general conduct. The same as regards Luce.
(Signed) R.
Two guns disabled by the enemy’s lire, but the casualties generally not so heavy as yesterday. In . the course of the morning, a 13-inch shell from the enemy fell upon one of the new field magazines in rear of the 21-gun battery, which stood the shock ; well, although considerably injured. Lieut. Graves, R.E., received a contusion on the thighs from the | debris of a shot. The heavy 13-inch mortar being | yesterday unmanageable upon the wet platforms, ! some handspikes shod with iron were furnished this ! morning from the engineer park, which, with the ' addition of sawdust, have assisted to move the mor- i tars more easily. The Redan appeared to me this ! evening to be considerably injured.
! This morning Corporal Ramsay, 7th Company, ; Royal Sappers and Miners, was killed by a round j shot, while at his duty in charge of a detachment opening the embrasures of the battery opposite to the lighthouse at Inkerman ; and such is the high character this non-commissioned officer bore, and such my high | opinion of his merits and service since he joined the ! siege, that I am inclined to submit to the major- ' general commanding royal engineer that some re- j cognition* of his merit be recorded iu the corps ; orders, or in whatever manner may appear right, j (Signed) R. Tyi.den,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.
* Let this be done, and his name recorded at Chatham.
| (Signed) R.
Working Party.
Working Party.
1855.
April lO, Night.
8 P.M.to3 A.V.
Guard of trenches 300 men.
1855.
Line .... 300 men.
Additional . . 200
April 10, Wight.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Officers on duty |kieui
(( apt. Browne, R. K. Officers on duty < Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
(.Lieut. Drake, B.E.
The whole of the embrasures in every battery in Three brigades of Sappers and one of carpenters the 1st parallel were rebuilt, and several of the were employed as detailed below.
magazines which had been struck by shot were A working party of three hundred men of the repaired and strengthened ; the gun platforms Line were thus employed :—
mended where required ; at the Picquet house 21 -gun battery, 60 men of the Line, and one and a battery, three embrasures rebuilt, and two mortar half brigade of Sappers, repairing embrasures, maga- platforms repaired. The rain has softened the ground zines, and traverses, communication between rifle- at the nine-pounder battery, No. 14, and the revet- screen A. and 2d parallel ; 58 men and half brigade

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
131
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
ment of the left epaulement has given way. An attempt was made to repair this, which is only , partially effected. No. 7 battery was not armed last night ; the guns could not be moved out of the 2d parallel; the men pulling broke the ropes.
The French were firing rockets last night, which by their strong light discovered to the Russians the party trying to move the guns. The Russians fired upon them, and struck one of our 32-pounders.
The rockets set the town on lire at 11 i\m. near the Barrack battery ; it burnt for three quarters of an hour.
The night was very dark and wet, and the quantity of work done unsatisfactory. One of the working parties supplied by the guard of the trenches worked j very badly, although the officer with them exerted j himself to the utmost. These men said they had been worked all the previous night in the trenches.
General Barnard was present, and rendered us every assistance, but could not prevail on the party to j work. j
Morning foggy, and raining occasionally. Wind W.
Afternoon fine. Wind N.W.
Killed, 6 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 8 rank and file.
Aktilleht.
Memo.
The artillery during the ensuing night should fire with the mortars upon the Mamelon, and continue to do so to-morrow. The guns in Gordon’s battery to fire as usual, but with a diminished number of rounds j per hour. No. 7 battery to be armed this night, if j possible, and to open to-morrow morning. The j nine-pounders to open upon the rifle-screens in front ■ of the Right attack. j
Major Chapman will have the embrasures opened I and mantlets hung, to meet the above intention, ! having previously ascertained from the Royal Artillery that the above battery will be ready to open.
This Memo, was submitted by the major-general to the field marshal commanding, and approved.
(Signed) E. E. B.
of Sappers, placing gabions in order in rear of trench; putting up sandbags in loop-holes ; cutting drain through parapet for water to escape.
Left advance boyaux and parallel, 68 men and half brigade of Sappers, replacing gabions knocked out by shot, and making good work where required ; draining and shovelling out mud. No. 11 mortar battery, 75 men and two Sappers completing parapet, widening interior of battery, and forming traverse. Mortar battery No. 12, 20 men and half brigade of Sappers placing a row of sandbags and earth on magazine ; repairing traverse, and excavating for platform sleepers. 8-gun battery, 15 men and half brigade of Sappers opening embrasures and placing mantlets. Right mortar battery No. 11, one brigade of carpenters laying a platform.
At three o’clock this morning, after the working party had been broken off, I employed two brigades of Sappers repairing embrasures of 21-gun battery, which were all ready by daylight, and one brigade at eight-gun battery No. 9, for embrasures. The extreme mud of the trenches much retarded work. A fire took place in rear of the Redan about 11 o’clock, most likely caused by rockets from the French on the left ; it did not last more than half an hour. The enemy fired very little during the night from guns. They would not allow any sentries to be placed in front of our advanced works; they were fired upon by men in the rifle-screens.
Morning foggy, and raining occasionally. Wind W.
Afternoon fine, wind N.W.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 3 rank and file.
Memo.
5 p.ji. April 10, 1855.
A party of one corporal and five Sappers were sent to the Inkerman Light House battery at 8 a.m., to open embrasures, in consequence of an application from the adjutant of the siege train. Two embrasures were opened, when the officer of artillery commenced firing, and the enemy opened a heavy fire on the battery. Corporal Ramsey, 7 th Company, was killed by a round shot, and Private Taylor wounded. The officer of artillery then sent away the Sappers, but a party of one corporal and five men will go up to open the remaining embrasures tonight.

132
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Lkft Attack.
Right Attack.
Corporal Ramsey was one of the best corporals at the Right attack, and a most efficient Sapper.
(Signed) C. B. Ewart,
C-apt. R.E. and Adjutant.
Memo.
On results of this day’s fire from the British batteries.
Throughout last night a steady fire from mortars, with occasional rounds from the naval guns, was kept up on the Malakoff Tower, Mamelon, and Redan.
By day, the early part of the morning was thick and foggy, but not sufficiently so as to prevent a very organized fire being brought on the Russian defences; though the 8-gun battery No. 9, on the Right attack, and No. 7 battery on the left, did not open, the latter not being armed ; neither did the 9-pounders fire ; and the enemy’s riflemen held their ground, but did little injury to our troops, among whom the casualties were very few. The trenches were generally in a very indifferent state, from the quantity of rain that had fallen ; and the recoil of guns and mortars was considerable, the 13-inch mortars particularly required a double detachment to run them up, which fell heavily on the artillery. The platforms stood well, and the necessary repairs had been executed to the several embrasures before the firing recommenced this morning. While General Jones was in the trenches, a 10-inch shell struck a magazine close to him, and exploded without effect, beyond disturbing a few sandbags and some earth. Very few casualties occurred. The Malakoff Tower did not answer our fire at all ; the Mamelon opened on us with about four guns ; the Garden battery caused most annoyance, and the Redan kept up a steady fire. The sea- service mortars opened on the town, or rather the White barrack. Lieut. Graves, R.E., received a contusion, a shot striking below the sole of a damaged embrasure on which he was standing, superintending its repair.
(Signed) E. F. B.
A conference was held at the hut of Major-General Jones, at 1 p.m., between the French generals of artillery and engineers, and commanding officer of British artillery, to consider on the proceedings to be adopted in the next 24 hours.
(Signed) E. F. B.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
133
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Artillery.
Memo.
The artillery during the ensuing night should fire with the mortars upon the Mamelon, and continue to do so to-morrow. The guns in Gordon’s battery to fire as usual, but with a diminished number of rounds per hour.
No. 9 battery in the Right attack should open tomorrow morning.
The nine-pounders and Coeliorns should keep a fire throughout the day to-morrow upon the rifle- screens.
Morning foggy, and raining occasionally. Wind W. Afternoon fine. Wind N.W.
These instructions were submitted to his Lordship the field marshal by Major-General Jones, C.R.E., and approved of.
E. E. B.
Capt. R.E.
1855.
April 11, Day.
8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
300 men.
30 men.
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
1855.
April 11, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 100 men. 2d relief, 100 men. 36 men.
Capt. King, R.E.
Collected the gabions ami fascines in Nos. 7 and 8 batteries. The epaulment in No. 9 battery was extended and strengthened, and cover obtained.
The mud, which was from seven to eight inches in depth, was cleared away, and No. 1 gun was opened, and fired four rounds.
The embrasures in No. 8 battery were revetted, and the side of traverse rebuilt ; No. 3 magazine was covered over, and the passage frame fixed and covered with sandbags and about two feet of earth ; gabions were sunk in the opening of the magazine to keep off water, and the water baled out. In No. 7 battery, traverses rebuilt.
The shot holes in second parallel were filled up ; magazine No. 1 battery propped up and secured.
About 1,600 sandbags were filled in rear of No. 2 battery, and in communication to magazine caves. One gun in No. 2 battery was burst at the muzzle by a shell from the enemy.
The magazine in caves left of No. 2 parallel completed.
New smnll-arm magazine has nine courses of sand- hags.
Three brigades of Sappers and three of carpenters, generally superintending ; repairing embrasures when damaged by the enemy’s fire; filling sandbags ; laying platforms in No. 11 mortar battery, and in No. 12; forming surgery in rear of the right Lancaster gun No. 1, and clearing drains.
Killed, 1 officer, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 29 rank and file.
3 guns disabled.

134
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
I beg to report that Corporal Hollis, 4th company, Royal Sappers and Miners, and Private James Finch, 1st Company,. Royal Sappers and Miners, worked with the greatest zeal throughout the day.
1855.
April 11, HTglit.
8 r.M. to 4 A.M.
Line . Sapper8
Working Party.
fist relief, 240 men.
* ' 12 .
2d relief, 100 men. 62 men.
Officers on duty {gS“ U ,
Working parties repaired the damages occasioned by the day’s fire to the batteries in the first parallel, the embrasures being revetted afresh, traverses repaired, Ac. The platforms were also relaid where requiring it, except a 13-inch mortar platform in the battery No. 2, Right of No. 3, and one at the Picquet house battery.
A fatigue party of 300 men of the Line armed No. 7 battery with the four 32-pounders left for that purpose, and I hnd the embrasures cut clear, and everything prepared for opening fire this morning.
The three magazines of No. 8 battery were made more secure and complete by earth being piled on the top. No. 3 magazine, however, requires a great deal more earth.
The two 9-pounder guns on the Right of No. 8 battery were provided with temporary platforms, which 1 hope will answer well, and the direction of the line of fire of No. 1 gun was slightly altered. I could not get raw hides to revet the embrasures.
A party of 60 men repaired all damages at the Picquet house battery, with the exception of the platform. I forgot to say that no mantlets were fixed in front of the embrasures of No. 7 battery, as I could not find them.
Killed, 1 officer, 4 rank and lile. Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Memo.
There were very few casualties in the batteries. A 13-inch mortar burst longitudinally last night into three portions under a charge of 9 lbs.
The parapets were much shaken in Nos. 2 and 3 batteries. Last night two shots struck a magazine, while a third went through it, and a powder case, metal lined, without producing an explosion. No. 7 battery completed, but the guns, though in the second parallel, could not be got into it by the artillery, and one gun was struck in the muzzle and disabled.
In the two 9-pounder battery No. 14, one gun
Right Attack.
1855.
April 11, ITlglit.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
IAne .... 300 men.
Sappers ... 28 men.
("Capt. Stanton, R.E. Officers on ditty ■? Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
(.Capt. Green, H.E.I.C.
Working parties were employed in the 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, magazines, Ac. ; in No. 11 mortar battery, cutting away for the platforms, nnd improving parapet ; in No. 12 mortar battery, covering magazine with earth ; in the communication on the left of the 8-gun battery No. 9, filling sandbags ; nnd in the advanced works on the Left, improving cover, Ac.
Two brigades of Sappers were employed in the 21-gun battery, and one brigade among the other works ; one brigade of carpenters employed repairing a platform (32-pouuder gun).
The 21-gun battery was placed in tolerably good order ; the embrasures are all serviceable, and the magazines repaired roughly. Lieut. Anderson reports that he had greut dilllculty in keeping the working party in advanced works together, as there were several alarms during the night, and that very little work has been done in consequence.
The enemy was quiet during the night, and very few r shots were fired at our works ; and this morning the fire of our batteries was not answered when I left the trenches.
No. 12 mortar battery is completed.
(Signed) R.T.
Showers in the morning, and cloudy. Wind, S.E.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and file.
Memo.
The 21-gun battery suffered severely from the enemy’s fire, owing to their having ascertained the range so exactly, and several casualties occurred, and five guns were disabled, amongst which were two from the fighting bolts having drawn. The mortar platforms were generally very good. The embrasures of No. 9 battery w'ere unmasked, but it did not open fire ; neither did the 9-pounders open against the rifle-screen. No. 11 battery w r as incomplete, owing to the platforms not being finished, nor the parapet improved since yesterday.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
135
Left Attack.
opened, under the direction of General Jones, against the rifle-screens in front of the Mamelon ; but, from the softness and unevenness of the ground, without effect.
The enemy’s parapets in the Redan Barrack batteries suffered a good deal from our fire.
1855.
April 12, Say.
3 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Workiho Party.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Officers on duty
(1st relief, SO men. s 2d relief, 230 men.
(.3d relief, 140 men.
58 men.
( Lieut. Murray, R.E. t Lieut. Carter, R.E.
From 6 a.m. to 10 a.m., 30 men were employed carrying mantlets to No. 7 battery from the ravine behind the first parallel. From 8 a.m. to ,12 noon, 230 men were employed, 60 in Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, repairing revetment, clearing the terrepleine, &c., and also assisting to fix the mantlets in No. 7. Small parties were employed at the magazine in centre of second parallel and at two of the caves. Fifty men employed in the first parallel, repairing revetments and filling sandbags. One hundred men were employed bringing timber from the ravine to No. 2 battery. From 1 p.m. to 5 r.M. 140 men were employed, 45 men in Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, parties at the magazine in second parallel and at the eaves as in the morning, 40 bringing sandbags which had just arrived from the ravine, and afterwards filling some in rear of the Picquet house battery, and the rest filling sandbags and repairing in the first parallel.
Sixteen Sappers extra were sent down in the afternoon, and by 4 p.m., the mantlets being fixed in No. 7, it opened fire with four guns, with apparently very good effect, on one of the Boulevard batteries.
One of the mantlets was soon after struck by a shot, and afterwards with another, and blown away by its own gun. The mantlets, however, were not hung according to the usual mode, but merely balanced on a piece of wood laid across the embrasure.
No. 7 battery was not much injured by the enemy’s fire.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 384 men.
Sappers ... 36 men.
Officers on duty { L? C aU < bTinea R.E.
I went to the trenches about noon, to replace Capt. Crofton, R.E., who had been wounded by the splinter of a shell. In the course of the morning two Sappers had also been wounded in the trenches, and one of them has, I understand, since died of his wounds.
Distribution.
21-gun battery repairing embrasures, traverses, &e. two-and-a-half brigades of Sappers and 50 men of the Liue.
The undermentioned parties were employed in two reliefs as follows :
No. 11 mortal' battery, two brigades carpenters and 30 men of the Line ; No. 10 mortar battery, 20 men of the Line ; Right approaches, drains and repairs, 30 men ; surgeon’s hut, 10 men ; screen to caves, 20 men.
The following were employed in one relief:
Left advance, 2d boyau, 60 men ; filling sandbags for new battery No. 13, 24 men ; miscellaneous, one brigade carpenters, half brigade Sappers.
This evening the enemy fired from the Redan and Barrack battery more unsteadily, in consequence of the precision of the fire from our mortars. The Tower still fires two guns, and the Mamelon one, at long intervals, upon the batteries of the Right attack.
The casualties, especially from the splinters of shells, were serious. The navy lost 10 or 12 men killed and wounded ; the artillery not more than one or two. Four .Sappers wounded ; one since died. Two 13-inch shells fell upon the magazines without breaking through them ; one did not explode. Capt. Crofton, R.E., received a severe injury (fracture of the left thigh) from the splinter of a shell in the 21-gun battery this morning about 9^ a.m.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.
1855.
April 12, Day.
8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.

136
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 12, Vlgbt.
8 P.M. to 5 A.M.
W'OEKING PABTV.
Line .... 500 men.
Guard of trenches 100 men.
Sappers ... 48 men.
(Capt. Porter, R.E.
Officers on duty •< Capt. Chapman, 20tli (. Kcgt.
1855.
April 12, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Paett.
Line .... tappers . . ,
Officers on duty
300 men.
41 men.
f Capt. Browne, R.E.
) Lieut. James, R.E.
) Capt. Wolselby, 90th
'apt. AY Rogt.
A party was employed at the Piequet house battery repairing embrasures and thickening merlons ; thickening and raising parapet of right portion of No. 1 battery, and making magazine in parapet ; thickening parapet of parallel between right and left portions of No. 1 mortar battery ; repairing injury to magazines in rear of No. 2 battery, and throwing on more earth ; repairing all the embrasures in the batteries, and traverses and merlons, when struck by shot; repairing and relaying gun platforms ; making cuts in the parapets for the passage of guns to the front ; repairing injuries to second parallel and zig-zag boyaux by the enemy’s fire ; filling up shot-holes, See. ; in No. 8 battery, throwing more earth on top of magazine.
Killed, 5 rank and flic. Wounded, 1 officer, 7 rank and file.
I
21-gun battery, one officer, 80 men, and 14 Sappers were employed repairing and revetting with iron gabions and sandbags the whole of the embrasures in which serviceable guns were mounted, also the merlons, which in places were very much damaged by the fire of the enemy ; all the magazines were repaired as appeared necessary, the traverses were repaired, and extra height given at certain places. On the left of this battery, a brigade of carpenters were employed examining the sleepers and replanking a 13-incli mortar platform. New battery No. 13, to be made of sandbags, in rear of the left of communication from 8-gun battery No. 9, to left boyaux. One officer and 80 men, with two Sappers, were employed bringing down from the engineer park in 21- gun battery the timber for four platforms, also about 1,600 sandbags.
It was found necessary for the party to make two trips to the park for timbers, tools, and sandbags ; and as the night was extremely dark, and at times raining, in spite of the exertions of the engineer officers and Sappers there was a good deal of straggling and sitting down on the road ; the men were also much incommoded by a large party carrying shell to Coeliorn No. 7 battery and No. 12 battery (mortar). From the foregoing, few sandbags were filled. 1 informed Capt. King, R.E., who relieved me, of the circumstance, and the urgency of having the sandbags ready. He will employ 100 men on this service. There were also at this battery three brigades of carpenters, who laid the whole of the sleepers of the four platforms on the left of proposed battery No. 13 ; the sleepers were covered lightly with earth to prevent observation. No. 11 mortar battery on the right, 20 men and two Sappers were here employed getting out excavation for magazine and passage round traverse, and filling up saudbags for covering magazine.
Advance works on the left of our second parallel, No. 1, Left demi-parallel, over the Woronzoff Road, three officers, 100 men, and four Sappers were here employed strengthening parapets, procuring cover, and making defensible the most advanced of these works.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
137
Left Attack. /
»
Riuiit Attack.
They were fired on occasionally from the rifle- screens in their front, but without sustaining any damage ; good progress was made here. 20 men and two Sappers were employed draining the trenches where necessary.
The two last embrasures but one of the 8-gun battery, No. 10, were strongly masked with sandbags, and those embrasures on the left of this battery were better cleared out, and the soles a little lowered towards the exterior by six Sappers.
I may say that the whole of the mortar platforms in this attack require repair, principally owing to the wet weather having affected the sleepers.
The enemy fired but three or four shots during the night, and did us no damage.
Wounded, 1 officer, 4 rank and file.
Observation's.
We are repairing the mortar platforms as fast as possible ; ten of them are strong enough to withstand more than four days’ firing; there are but very few of the mortars silent in consequence ; not more than two. The 8-gun battery, No. 9, is standing admirably, tlio prnctico from it excellent, and the enemy fires little and unsteadily. One Sapper killed this morning. No. 11 mortar battery has three platforms laid, and the magazines will be ready for ammunition to-night.
(Signed) R. Tvi.dkn,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.
Memo.
The 8-gun battery, No. 9, in the Right attack, opened fire. One Coeliorn only was firing, and no 9-pounders. Capt. Crofton was wounded severely.
The fire was very steady on and from the 21-gun battery. On the Left, the mortar practice from the 13-inch was excellent against the Redan and Barrack batteries. The Garden battery was still troublesome, as No. 7 did not open, although four guns were brought in in three hours.
The 9-pounders had such heavy guns brought against them, that after one being struck, and one or two men wounded, General Jones desired them to be withdrawn. The Russian fire was slackened, but good ; one gun only was disabled.
s

138
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 13, Day.
0 A.M. to 5 F.M.
Line
Working Paett.
fist relief, 192 men.
' * \ 2d relief, ISO „ Sappers ... 58 men.
i Officer* on dnfn f Ca I> t - BELSOS, E.E.
I officers o» duty t Lieut. Gbaham, R.E.
Working parties employed in filling sandbags generally for the batteries in the first parallel, also in the Picquet house and in No. 8 battery ; a large quantity were filled altogether; the party in the Picquet house also executed some necessary repairs. The carpenters were engaged throughout the day in repairing the platforms as required. The cave magazine in the rear of the first parallel was excavated so its to give greater interior accommodation, and the front was built up with sandbags ; but on going there, just before being relieved, I was vexed to find that the whole of the screen had fallen in, through the foundation having apparently l>een laid without any bond, and not level. This had been done before I took charge to-day. The magazine on the extreme right of No. 1 mortar battery was continued, and now only requires more earth on the top. Ribbands were spiked down along the mortar platforms. The few hides that were in the parallel and at the cavalry Picket are soaking in water, they being very hard, and some I am afraid decomposed. The splinter proofs were laid across the magazine in rear of the centre of the second parallel, with the exception of three, which must be taken out. The third parallel between Nos. 7 and 8 battery was considerably improved by revetting the interior of the parapet with sandbags, and thickening it. The four guns in No. 7 battery which opened fire this morning were compelled to cease firing at about 11 o’clock this morning, being completely overpowered by the heavy fire brought to bear on them from the Upper Garden batteries in the town.
The embrasures and magazine, and the battery generally, are much cut up by the enemy’s shot and shell.
One of the gun carriages is disabled by the destruction of a wheel, and one of the guns struck by a shot, which, however, I do not think has damaged it seriously.
P.S.—Lieut Graham received a slight contusion from a stone thrown up by a shot..
1855.
April 13, Day.
2 P.M. to 5i P.M.
TVobkikg Pasty.
tam* fist relief, 250 men. 1
done .... j 2d relief, 300 „
; Sappers ... 36 men.
: Officers on duty {S?siiMOT. Best.
Sappers employed generally superintending, relaying platforms in advanced mortar battery, No. 8, old Coehorn mortar battery, No. 7, and Nos. 11 and 12 batteries ; repairing embrasures in 21-gun battery where damaged by the enemy’s fire, improving cover in left advance on Redan. About 2,500 sandbags were filled, and piled in readiness for the proposed new battery, No. 13, near No. 12 ; work executed satisfactory. Six guns of No. 9 battery (8-incli) were firing all day with great effect on the Malakoff Tower and Mamelon. The blinds for the embrasures (hide bags filled with hay) answered admirably, and were uninjured after between 30 and 40 rounds had been fired. One Sapper killed. No guns disabled.
Observations.
The enemy’s fire was generally weak and unsteady and but very feebly kept up from the Mamelon and Malakoff Fort. The rifle-pits in front of the 8-incli gun battery (No. 9) were a good deal injured by one or two rounds from the battery, and fired but little during the day.
(Signed) R. Tyi.den,
LUCol., R.E.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOFOL.
139
Left Attack.
1855. | Working Party.
Line .... 600 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
Officers on dutv f Ca P fc - HASSARD, R.E. UJjKers on duty | Lieut. Gorpos, R.E.
Iso. 1 mortar battery, platform laid ; earth put on sliell-room and magazine,'No. 1 battery ; No. 1 magazine, earth stripped off, earth laid on temporary magazine, and parapet thickened.
Platforms repaired where necessary, and all magazines.
No. 2 battery, No. 1 magazine, earth added. Embrasures rebuilt and merlons. No. 3 battery, all embrasures repaired.
No. 4 battery, all embrasures repaired, mortar platform relaid, and magazine increased with earth.
No. 5 battery, embrasures repaired, second parallel cut open, to allow guns to go to the front, and rebuilt, and shot holes in parapet improved slightly. Magazine in rear of No. 1 zigzag completed. No. 7 battery repaired and armed, and No. 8 armed ; six embrasures cut through. No. 8 battery armed with six 32-pounders and two 8-inch guns, and a 32-pounder taken to No. 7.
A sortie apparently made on the French from Quarantine fort. The working parties worked very well, and the embrasures and merlons throughout required great repairs.
There is one mortar deficient in No. 1 battery, and three guns unserviceable, one gun in No. 2, and one in No. 3, and one mortar platform to be completed in No. 4.
Lieut. Gordon, R.E., was the officer in charge of the advanced trench. The working party of the 14th Regiment reported that they had not received any pay since they had worked in the trenches.
Piequet house, parapet in front of No. 1 mortar, and embrasure of No. 1 gun revetted with gabions.
Kilted, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and file.
Right Attack.
1855. Working Party'.
I Line .... 300 men.
April 13, Wight. I Sappers. . . 16 men.
8 p.m. to i a.m. | ( Capt. Stanton, R.E.
Officers on duty \ Lieut. Brake, R.E.
| (.Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
In the 21-gun battery a party of 60 men with I 2 brigades of Sappers ivas employed repairing the embrasures and merlons ; \ a brigade of Sappers and 40 men employed in No. 11 mortar battery, covering the roof of magazine and making ramps to the battery; 40 men employed filling sandbags for new 4-gun battery, No. 13, and 160 men in the advanced trenches on the left, improving the cover and continuing the boy an x towards the ravine on the left. The battery is in tolerably good order, and all the embrasures serviceable. 50 gabions ivere placed in the new boyau l, but very little cover' procured, the soil being very bad, and a constant fire having been kept up on the working party during the night. I proposed to the field officer commanding the guard of the trenches to dislodge the enemy from a small rifle-screen e on the left front of the place where we were working, and within about 30 yards of it, and arrangements were made for doing so ; but the general on duty, being fearful that the attempt might bring on a serious action, for which lie was not prepared, directed that the attempt 1should not be made, and I ivas consequently unable to carry the sap beyond the 50 gabions. The carpenters were employed laying platforms for the new 4-gun battery, No. 13, and relaying mortar platforms ; one 13-incli and two 10- inch mortar platforms were repaired, and two platforms nearly completed in the new battery, No. 12.
The enemy’s Yvorks about the tower of Malakoff and the Redan appeared to have been repaired during the night, but at the time I left- the trenches no fire had been opened from them. Six men of the working party were wounded in the new portion of sap. I believe, hoYvever, that the wounds are all slight. Lieut. Drake was in charge of the party in the advance, and Lieut. Loivry, R.E., of the parties in the battery, be.
Wounded, 1 officer, 6 rank and file.
Observations.
I think this pit e and one f PL YII. immediately in rear of it should be taken, as the men at the trench of the flying sap are much annoyed by them.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Naval Brigade, during the week:—
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 21 seamen.
S 2
April 13, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.

140
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Memo.
The result of this day’s firing appears very satisfactory on the whole. Very few casualties among men or guns have occurred in either attack. The Russian fire has been irregular and indifferent, except against No. 7 battery, Left attack, in which four guns were disabled.
The enemy’s works show signs of distress, and the practice made from No. 9 battery, Right attack, which opened to-day, was very good.
Fine day. Wind S.
Working Party.
1855.
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief, 250 „
Woekikg Tarty.
April 14, Day.
7 A.M. tO 4 P.M.
1855.
j Sappers ... 17 men.
nm+er* nv dutu $ Ca P fc - PoRTEE * R - E '
Ujjicei s ok duty . t Nkvtllti. R.
Line .... 180 men. Sappers ... 35 men.
April 14, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 r.M.
(Lieut. Neville, R.E.
uapt. owes, R.E. Lt. Anderson, K.E.
Officers on duty |
Commenced a battery for four guns and two mortars on left of second parallel (No. 9). Two gun portions were raised six feet high, and embrasures marked out; a third gun portion is marked out. The rock is prepared for one mortar bed ready for laying platform, and the second is partially finished.
The instructions of the director as to the works to be executed were carried out as the detail given below will show, except in one particular ; instead of employing 100 men in the Left advance, No. 1, left demi-parallel, I could only obtain a working party of 50 men. The field oificer of the trenches, to whom 1 first applied, objected to employ a working party when I could not assure him they
Parties were employed all day filling sandbags for each of the batteries.
Carpenters employed repairing mortar platforms.
would be safe. 1 then applied to General Codrington, who granted me a party of 50 men. In the objection as to the safety of the locality, I could only urge that no spot in the trenches was safe ; that it was only a question of degree, and it was impossible to render trenches more safe without working parties in them ; and finally, that I would put a working party nowhere I could not go myself or set Sappers to work.
It appeared to me that during last night the enemy had been actively engaged in extending their rifle- screens nearest to our trenches, with the evident intention of converting them into counter-approaches. With so little experience, I find it extremely difficult to judge of the enemy’s works ; but my own personal impression is, that neither their parapets, nor their embrasures, nor their artillery have suffered more injury than it is in their power to restore in a night.
The fire from the tower and Redan was more brisk than at any other time of the day, and the I Mamelon fired at intervals throughout the day.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
141
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
12 Sappers, 30 Line . 10
Distribution*.
21-gun battery, repairing cm-1 brasures, platforms, 8cc. - i 8-gnn battery, No. 9 Right ravine communication No. 11 mortar battery Filling sandbags for new mortar I battery, No. 13 - -J
Left advance - - - 2
Re-laying platforms, 4 brigades carpenters.
Two Sappers employed repairing embrasures seem to have attracted the attention of Lt. Anderson and
2
1
1
1
20
10
60
50
Capt. Peel, R.N., for their steadiness in working in the embrasures of the battery ; their names are Robert Cowan and William Habrer. For my part I think all the men did their duty well.
The names of all the men of the Sappers who may be reported to have done particularly well should be taken down.
(Signed) R.
I should, however, recommend some notice to be taken of the voluntary efforts of two men of the working party of the 9th Regiment. Private Samuel Evans went into an embrasure without being ordered to do so, and yielded very great assistance to a Sapper employed there, and without showing a symptom of timidity. Private James Callaghan received a blow on the back of the head from a stone sufficient to draw blood, and certninly sufficient for 99 men out of 100 to get excused from a working party ; but he nevertheless remained steadily at his work.
In the midst of much conduct quite the reverse, perhaps it might be useful, and certainly it would be just, not to let the conduct of those men remain unnoticed.
Let me have an extract from “ For my part ” town to “ work.”
(Signed) R.
Observations.
A second pit f, in the immediate rear of the foremost one e, was constructed about five days ago ; but I did not remark any addition to it to-day, although I went to the last opened boyau to ascertain. The enemy are enabled every night to remount sufficient guns (one or two) in the tower works and Mamelon to keep up some semblance of fire during the 'day, and I do not think any prolongation of our artillery fire will prevent this. The fire from the Redan and Barrack battery is more formidable, although a good

142
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
deal subdued. As much Y r ertical fire as possible should be directed upon them during the night. The siege carriage in the 8-gun battery, No. 9, Yvas disabled ; no gun Yvas damaged throughout the
i attack. The casualties were lighter than usual ; four l or live sailors killed and wounded, oue Sapper I wounded, one officer of the 88tli Regiment was dangerously wounded in the advance by a shot between the gabions. Every exertion is made to procure good cover against such casualties as these, but (at present) it is difficult to put the men to work by night, and commanding officers object to their men working in the dangerous part of the trench by day. I do not see liow these accidents are to be altogether avoided. I could also mention other men of the Sappers who did their duty well in the embrasures under lire, but I am glad to be able to report that the men generally do their duty so well that there are few who can be named as exceptions.
t (Signed) R. Tyi.den,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
1855. Working Party.
. i Line .... 327 men.
April 1*, Wight, j Sappers ... 00 „
8 p.m. to 2 a.m. . . f Capt. Belson, E.E.
Officers on duty ) Lieut. Penn, it.A.
Magazine on right of No. 1 battery was strengthened with more earth.
Magazine in real' of same battery (struck by a 68-pounder shot) had a new frame fixed in it, splinter proofs laid across, and partly covered with sandbags. Repairs necessary to all the batteries in the first parallel were mostly executed, and some of the platforms relaid or repaired. No. 9 battery, left of the second parallel, was continued, and rock blasted away for mortar beds. Magazine in rear of centre of second parallel was strengthened with more earth on top. Picquet house battery, embrasures repaired and widened. No. 7 battery, the embrasures were repaired and masked. No. 8 battery, embrasures repaired and masked, epaulment on right repaired; also damages to one of the magazines made good.
Battery No. 8 opened fire this morning, in company with No. 7, but were overpowered by the heavy fire brought against them. They, however, continued to fire from one or two guns until dark.
It was impossible not to admire the gallant way in which the artillery, Captains Henry and Walker, and
1855. Working Party-,
a . j Line .... 300 men.
April 14, KTiffllt. Sapper*. . . 32 mon.
8 p.m. to 2 a.m. ; (Capt. Browne, R.E.
i Officers on duty -j Lieut. Barnes, R.E.
! CCapt. Green, H.E.I.C.
Three brigades of Sappers and two of carpenters Yvere employed as detailed below. Working party of the Line also employed as folloYvs :—
21-gun battery, 2 brigades Sappers and 60 men of the Line repairing embrasures, merlons, traverses, and magazines ; 68 men thickening parapet from outside ; 2 brigades carpenters Yvere employed repairing platforms in this and No. 10 mortar battery ; 8-gun battery, No. 9, 12 men and 2 Sappers repairing embrasures. Left advance mortar battery, No. 12, 20 men with two Sappers strengthening the covering of magazine, and filling sandbags, and excavating for magazine of proposed sandbag battery, No. 13, in left rear of communication between 8-guu battery and left boyau. Advance Yvork on the Left of attack over Woronzoff Road, 130 men and L brigade of Sappers Yvere employed thickening parapet, procuring cover, and making it defensible with sandbags. A constant fire Yvas kept up from the screen e in front of us, and also from some place M, apparently across the Woronzoff Road, Yvhicli almost enfiladed the most advanced trench. None of the working

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
143
Left Attack.
officers and men under them, fought these batteries, under the very disadvantageous circumstances in which they were placed. The batteries in the first parallel suffered less to-day than on previous days. No mortars were fired from the Picquet house battery for want of 10-inch-shells ; also the third gun in this battery is disabled in consequence of the carriage being injured.
Let this be extracted for me.
(Signed) Raglan.
Has the battery been supplied since ?
(Signed) R.
Day rainy, with mist. Wind south-west.
Killed, 1 officer, i rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 2 rank and file.
Memo.
The fire continued steadily all day and night, producing good effect on the Russian works. In the two advanced batteries on the Left several casualties occurred; three killed and thirteen wounded. The weather was very unfavourable ; heavy rain with wind making the platforms slippery. A conference was held in the morning at General Jones’s hut, the French artillery and engineer general officers attending, also General Dacres ; at 3 f.m. a second meeting took place at Lord Raglan’s house, attended by Omar Pacha, as well as the officers above mentioned.
(Signed) Harry I). Jones,
Major General, Comdg. Royal Engineers, 19th April 1855.
Right Attack.
party were injured ; one of the covering party killed. I regret to report that Captain Green, assistant engineer, received a wound in the head from a Minie bullet in the 21-gun battery. It was supposed to have glanced off a gun ; the wound is not serious. No fire of shot or shell from the enemy during the night.
Kilted, 2 officers, 2 rank and flic. Wounded, 1 officer, 8 rank and file.
Observations.
I think some lodgment might be made on the right advance of the Left attack to prevent this.
(Signed) R. T.
Day rainy, with mist. Wind S.W.
Memo.
The fire continued steadily all day and night, producing good effect on the Russian works in the two advanced batteries on the left. Several casualties.
Reports from the Look-out Station.
1855 . No movement on the part of the enemy has been perceived since yesterday ; little firing
April 8. during the night.
Our works have progressed satisfactorily.
The night was fine, but this morning there is a thick fog, which prevents anything being seen.
April 9. Nothing particular was observed yesterday in the enemy’s lines, with the exception that some of the ships appeared to have shifted their position nearer to the harbour’s mouth.
There was a sharp fire of musketry for a short time during the night. This morning at 5.30 A.ai. all our batteries opened their fire.
The weather has been exceedingly inclement throughout the night, and still continues so.
April 10 . "When the fog and smoke cleared off, troops were seen crossing the harbour in boats from the north side to the town.

144
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The works around Malakoff and Mamelon appear to be but little injured by our fire. From the latter the fire this morning lias been rather brisk. The guns around Malakoff have been silent.
About 1 Itt i\m. there was a sharp fire of musketry in front of our works.
1855 . No movement has been observed on the north side of the harbour, but large working parties
April 11. were occupied during yesterday on the works between the Tcliernaia and Balbec rivers.
Last evening the damage done to the enemy’s works on this side by our fire appeared to be but trifling.
There was a pretty brisk fire of shells and rockets kept up during the greater part of the night from the French batteries. The fire from the English batteries was very slack. Occasionally shells were thrown from the sea-service mortars during the night. The town was on fire about 11 r.M., and burned briskly for about one hour. This morning more guns have opened fire from the Malakoff works.
April 12. There appeared last evening but little injury to have been done to the enemy’s works by the fire from our batteries. The batteries recoinmeneed their fire this morning as vigorously as ever.
The two Russian works near Inkerman seem to have suffered most, but even from them they have been firing this morning. Malakoff Tower and Mamelon only fire occasionally, although little injury lias been done to them.
Thirty covered ammunition carts drawn by two horses each were seen to arrive on the north side this morning at the magazine.
A large convoy of pack horses arriving on the north side ; the loads were small, and look like grain ; the number of horses estimated at about 300.
April 13 . There has been a great deal of firing along the whole front during the night.
The fire this morning from our batteries as well as from those of the enemy around the Malakoff has been unusually heavy, and still continues so.
April 14 . A few guns or military carriages covered with hay were seen to arrive yesterday on the north side.
There was a very heavy fire of musketry on the French Left attack last night, accompanied with loud shouting, and flights of shot and shells. This appears to have been the sharpest affair of the sort that has taken place, and lasted, in the first instance, for three quarters of an hour, from half past nine r.M.
The firing subsequently recommenced, but with less vigour, and continued until after midnight.
This morning the French are firing steadily from all their batteries on the left. The Russians appear to have opened fire from some of their retrenchments in the town.
Our batteries have opened this morning with their usual superiority. They are answered at long intervals from Malakoff and Mamelon. These works, although they are much disfigured, do not appear to be materially injured to such an extent as to render their fire inefficient.
An explosion was observed to have taken place in the Russian works in front of the French Left attack.
Remarks by the Commanding Royal Engineer.
During the past week the enemy’s works have been much damaged by the steady fire kept up by our artillery and seamen against them.
They have nevertheless been able to repair their embrasures and parapets by night in some degree.
Our own works have stood remarkably well, and have given good proof of the stability of their original construction, several magazines having been struck by 13 and 10-inch shells, and, with one exception, without causing an explosion.
No. 7 and 8 batteries in the Left attack and No. 9 in the Right attack opened their fire on the 13th, 14th, and 12th instant respectively.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
145
The trenches since the hist three or four days have become dry, and passable ; and the platforms being less slippery require less exertion from the gunners in running up the 1 3-inch mortars and other heavy ordnance.
The conduct of the officers and men has been such as to merit the warmest approbation of the major-general commanding, the duties on which they have been employed being most arduous, and requiring the greatest steadiness.
Harry U. Jones,
Major-General,
17th April 1855. Comdg. Royal Engineers.
There appearing to be wanting some instructions for the guidance of the officers commanding in the trenches, the following paper was prepared, and approved by the field-marshal commanding : —
Memo.
Particular attention should be paid to the order given to the General of the trenches in the neighbourhood of the advanced batteries which may he tiring, in respect to the musketry fire necessary to be kept up upon the enemy’s riflemen, and if he should he employing artillery against our works the guard of the trenches and advanced sentries should endeavour by a steady fire upon the embrasures to silence the guns. The field- officer on duty in the advanced portions of the trenches should he constantly on the alert, and from observation should give the necessary orders in regard to the fire to he kept up. These orders will necessarily require to he altered according to the enemy’s operations. As much, if not more, may be effected by a steady and well- directed musketry fire employed with judgment than by several pieces of artillery. The advance trenches or parallels should never be left except under charge of a field-officer, and no party should he stationed in any of the advanced works except under charge of an officer. This does not apply to rifle-screens or pits for a few men.
• (Signed) II. D. Jones,
Major-General.
On the eighth, several thousand Turks arrived from Eupatoria to assist in the siege operations.
The enemy has been busily engaged in mounting a very heavy mortar in a battery to the fight of the Malakoff Tower ; the “ Gervais battery.” The fire from this battery has generally been in the direction of the Ficquet-house Hill, and from the Redan in the direction of the third division camp, causing but little mischief in either case.
The weather up to the afternoon of the eighth was dry and favourable. A change took place about 2 P.M., when a heavy rain commenced, which continued until 11 P.M. The weather during the night was showery, which proved extremely unfavourable for the artillery, and prevented them from arming No. 7 battery, Left attack, and getting the required quantity of ammunition into the magazines.
Colonel Dacres, commanding the Royal Artillery, requested that the opening of the fire might be postponed for 48 hours, in order to complete his arrangements.
The field-marshal commanding would not listen to such a proposal. It was inferred that, having made all the arrangements for opening the fire with the French commander-in-chief, that he considered that it would be extremely unadvisable to make such a proposition to him.
Before daybreak on the ninth a telegraphic message was received at head quarters, to say that the artillery had not been able to get their guns into No. 7 battery, Left attack. An order was sent down to close the embrasures immediately, to prevent the enemy from discovering the battery.
T

146
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The rain continued to fall heavily during the morning, accompanied by a thick fog; notwithstanding which all the batteries along the line opened fire. It was upwards of a quarter of an hour before the enemy returned a shot. Throughout the day he kept up a fire upon our batteries from all his works opposed to us.
None of the enemy’s batteries were silenced, although the works were much injured by our fire. The casualties were few, but a considerable number of guns were struck and disabled.
The embrasures, although they stood well, were a good deal damaged. The batteries and trenches were in a very bad state, from the great quantity of water which had fallen, sufficient attention not having been paid to drainage, which in many cases was very difficult to accomplish, the levels of the ground being very unfavourable. In consequence, some of the platforms were under water Notwithstanding all these disadvantages, the artillery and Naval Brigade did their work admirably well.
It was remarked that the practice of the Russian artillery was greatly improved, and that, in consequence of their fuzees being more accurately cut, there was greater precision in the bursting of their shells.
It appears unaccountable that the enemy throughout the day did not employ his riflemen in the pits or screens to annoy the gunners in our batteries.
Memorandum.
The commanders of the forces having determined on -a specific plan of attack, which was to commence at daybreak this morning, the whole of the French and English guns opened at 5.12 A.M., except those destined for Nos. 7 and 8 batteries in the Left attack, and Nos. 10, 11, and 12 in the Right. Their fire was not returned for 15 or 20 minutes. The preceding night was remarkably tempestuous and dark, so much so that No. 7 gun battery could not be armed, and in consequence the British attack was represented by 76 guns and 25 mortars.
( Very few casualties occurred in the trenches during the day ; but very considerable inconvenience arose from the imperfect drainage, owing to the quantity of rain that fell.
The batteries are reported by Captain Crofton to have suffered no material damage from the enemy’s fire; many of the embrasures, however, require to be revetted, the merlons repaired, and drains opened out. A steady fire was kept up all day from our batteries, and it would appear that seven guns were dismounted or disabled.
Great difficulty was experienced by the Royal Artillery in working the 13-inch mortars, owing to the slippery state of the platforms, and to the handspikes not being shod with iron.
The battery No. 14. was completed yesterday for two 9-pounders on the right extremity ot the third parallel, Left attack, and the guns placed in it, to fire in front of the Quarry and Redan, to drive the riflemen out.
There was no rifle fire brought against us, except from the cemetery in front of the Left attack, and wall in front of Barrack battery. The electric telegraph communication between Right attack and the caves in the Woronzoff ravine, where the guard of the trenches is posted, was cut off by a shell from the enemy falling on it. A steady fire from mortars, with an occasional shot from the naval guns, was kept up through the night.
The fire from the principal batteries of the two attacks has been very effectual in damaging the enemy’s works ; at the same time it must be observed that we have suffered very much by injury to our guns in the Right attack ; the precision of the enemy’s fire is very remarkable.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
147
In consequence of batteries Nos. 7 and 8, Left attack, and No. 9, Right attack, and mortar battery No. 11, not being completed, the Garden batteries, Barrack batteries, and Redan were enabled unmolested to keep up a sharp but not a heavy fire upon our works. The artillery were unable to get the guns into No. 7 battery, Left attack, in consequence of the state of the ground from the heavy rain.
Our works and batteries have stood remarkably well, and the necessary repairs have been performed during the night.
10th April,—The rain of yesterday did not cause so much damage to the trenches as might have been expected. In No. 8 battery, Left attack, the sandbag revetments of the parapets and traverses had fallen down. This battery was in a worse state than any other, owing in a great measure to the light nature of the soil of which the parapets, &c. were formed, which were much shaken by the concussion of the air by the guns when fired, and from the explosion of the enemy’s shells.
In general the parapets stood well, as also the platforms. From the saponaceous character of the soil, the mortar platforms became so greasy that it was a work of great labour for the artillerymen to run up the mortars after being fired.
The enemy have again lodged themselves in their rifle-screens, and opened a sharp fire upon our trenches.
The Bastion du Mat appears to be very much injured by the fire from the French batteries. The Russian batteries have kept up a much heavier fire to-day than yesterday.
11th April.—The artillery were still unable to get their guns into No. 7 battery, Left attack, which was very much to be regretted, as the enemy were able, without the slightest molestation from our fire, to open upon our principal batteries in the first parallel, from the Garden batteries, Barrack batteries and Redan, injuring many of our guns, and causing a great many casualties, particularly on the Right. A smart fire from Coehorns against the enemy’s rifle-pits would have been of very great benefit in keeping down the musketry fire upon the trenches.
A vertical fire was the only mode by which they could be disturbed. The Russians did not fire over the parapets, as is usually the case, but through wooden tubes built into the parapets, so that there was no exposure of the person.
During the past night the enemy connected many of their rifle-screens, thereby forming a parallel against us similar to that they have made against the French at the foot of the Mamelon Hill. To drive them out of their advanced positions will be attended with some difficulty and danger, but will have to be done.
The general effect of the fire of our batteries upon the enemy’s works is not very apparent, except in their parapets, which are a good deal knocked about; notwithstanding which the enemy always appears ready with a gun to return our fire.
The same fire as yesterday from MalakofF and Mamelon. The Bastion du Mat appears to have suffered a great deal from the fire of the French batteries. The French rockets during the past night set fire to some buildings in the town. The fire from our batteries, although excellent, has not yet silenced any of the enemy’s batteries.
The officers of Engineers and Sappers exerted themselves most gallantly and zealously in repairing damages to the batteries. The ground, from its adhesive nature, renders it extremely difficult to move the soil.
Weather continued showery until 2 p.m., when it cleared up, with a drying wind.
t 2

148
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
12th April.—The firing last night continued as usual. The practice this day was excellent; still the Russians appear always to be ready with a gun, and fire immediately a shell is thrown into a work. The casualties have been few; many guns have been disabled.
The Naval Brigade have suffered very much. This may be considered to be caused in a great measure from the different manner in which they work their guns; that is, the men never fall back behind the parapet after loading, thereby leaving their bodies constantly exposed.
The duties in the trenches do not appear to be well understood, or else very little attention paid to the orders.
Some days the men will expend all their ammunition uselessly, and other days, when it is most desirable to keep down the enemy’s fire, not a shot will be discharged at an embrasure. Very few regimental officers on duty in the trenches exert themselves, or ever appear to bike any interest in • the duty they are employed upon, leaving the men to extend themselves along the trenches in any manner they like, and to fire as much or as little as they please.
Four guns were got into No. 7 battery, Left attack, leaving two to complete its armament. No. 9, Right-attack, ready to open fire.
The duties in the trenches and batteries have fallen very severely on the officers of Engineers and Sappers, and have throughout been performed by them zealously and willingly, and reflect great credit upon both officers and men.
On the 12th, a conference took place at the French head quarters.
French
English
Present,
General Thiry, 1 . ....
General Le Boeuf, / 1 1 C1 ^'
General Niel, 1 „ .
1 Engineers.
L General Dalesmes, J ° f Colonel Dacrks. Artillery.
I Major-General Jones, Engineers.
A report was made of the progress of the attack of each army, and of the effect of the fire upon the enemy’s works. After discussing the various subjects brought under consideration, it was deemed advisable that a great body of fire from the English batteries should be brought to bear upon the Redan, Malakoff Tower, and Mamelon, and be maintained steadily but not rapidly, and the same from the French batteries on the Inkerman Heights.
The French to continue their approaches against the Bastion du Mat and the English towards the Redan, and the French towards the “ Mamelon.”
The conference to assemble at General Jones’s hut on Saturday morning, to settle the details for making by “ vive force ” lodgments on the Mamelon and Quarry in front of the Redan ; the English to complete the parallel then in progress. The fire from the batteries was considered to be very satisfactory. The French reported having made a breach in the long wall of the town opposite their left, and that the Bastion du Mat had been very much knocked about and injured.
The rain continued on the 9th without intermission up to 5 p.m., when the wind veered round to N.W.; the rain then ceased.
The order was to cease fire with the guns at nightfall, but to keep up a steady and slow fire with mortars throughout the night. The young soldiers in the trenches have been very busy all day in firing, and thereby wasting a great deal of ammunition.

JOURNAL OF TUP] SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
149
loth April.—The fire from the French and English batteries continues the same. The damage to
the enemy’s works very apparent; the fire from them very much slackened.
The laborious duties of the last few days have nearly knocked up the gunners and also the seamen
of the Naval Brigade from excessive fatigue.
Only one gun was brought into No. 7 battery. The fire upon this battery was so heavy, and the parapets so much knocked about, that its fire was soon silenced, and an order given to close the embrasures.
The 8-inch gun in No. 9 Right attack did excellent service, by silencing the fire from the enemy’s musketry screens.
The fire from the Garden batteries Inis been very troublesome, and has done much mischief.
The Russian works at Inkerman, “ Ouvrages Blancs ” and the Bastion du Mat, appear to have suffered very much from the fire of the French batteries.
The raw-hide mantlet stuffed with hay appears to answer extremely well, as also the iron gabions proposed by and made under the directions of Lieutenant Elpliinstone, R.E.
The electric telegraph to the trenches and Sir Colin Campbell’s quarters at Kadikoi has proved to be of the greatest benefit as regards the communication with these points and head quarters.
14th April.—Firing continued the same as usual. No. 8 battery, Left attack, opened lire this morning with good effect, but suffered much during the day from the enemy’s fire. Nearly all our casualties are occasioned by the enemy’s round shot and shells ; few by musketry fire.
The Russians made a strong sortie last night upon the French Left attack without success. The French sustained considerable loss in officers and men.
This day a conference took place in General Jones’s hut.
Present,
General Thiry, General Le Boeuf, General Becret,
Artillery.
French.
General Niee, General Dalesmes. Colonel Froissard.
Engineers.
General Dacres, Artillery, General Jones, Engineers.
English.
General Canrobert directed the attention of the meeting to and requested their opinion upon the following points:
1st. Has the artillery of the allies produced on that of the enemy sufficient effect to enable approaches to be made towards the place; and to establish oneself in some advanced point of the enceinte with a reasonable chance of maintaining oneself there against its fire ?
o o
Five members answer—Yes, with great loss.
Three members answer—No.
2d. In case it should not have done so, do not the generals think it would be more advantageous
to remain in “statu quo,” awaiting a new military combination which is at hand, than to continue actively the operations of the siege ?
Notwithstanding the acknowledged power of the enemy’s defences, five members were desirous of a general assault of the whole of the lines, pushed to their uttermost.

150
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Three members, that the place should be approached by degrees, and lodgments made in the exterior enceinte.
Two of the members would prefer the fire to be stopped at once, rather than to have a general assault. Four would prefer that the fire should cease than that there should be a partial attack. One would rather have this than that the fire should cease.
A copy, with the opinions of the members, was sent to each of the generals commanding.
15th April.—The result of the conference held on the 14th was to this effect, that the general plan of attack as originally agreed upon should be continued until the French approaches should be sufficiently advanced to enable them to move forward to the assault without much exposure and consequent loss. This it is calculated will require three days.
The town will then be attacked as follows :
Two columns of French troops to assault the front opposite their Left attack and Bastion du Mat.
A third direct upon the latter work.
The English to attack the Redan.
The French to attack the Mamelon, and a demonstration to be made against the enemy’s works at Inkerman.
A heavy and constant fire to be maintained until the assault takes place.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 15, Day.
6 A.M. to 4 F.U.
Working Party.
Line . . >S tappers . Officers on
:: {
duty £
1st relief, 230 men.
2d relief, 230 „
18 men.
Oapt. Harrarp, U.E. Lieut. Donnelly', li.E.
Parties were employed in the advanced trench and boyaux, repairing damage done by shot, and thickening parapets ; in No. 7 battery, repairing revetments, &c. ; in No. 9, building embrasures, parapets, and traverses ; preparing ground for platforms and to receive mortar beds, and filling sandbags. Commenced to excavate for a new magazine on left of battery ; building up face of a cave with sandbags in the ravine to form another magazine.
1855.
April 15, Day.
5$ A.M. to 6$P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
fist relief, 250 men.
* * (2d relief, 250 „
. . 32 men.
r Capt. Kikg, R.E.
" tUuul. .Jamjsu, ll.E.
Sappers generally superintending, repairing embrasures, &c. in 21-gun battery, damaged by the enemy’s fire, and in No. 9 battery ; laying platforms in No. 11 mortar battery, left of 21-gun battery, and generally repairing platforms in 21-gun battery.
The Line were employed improving cover in left advance on Redan ; filling and piling 5,000 sandbags for proposed new battery, No. 13, near No. 12 mortar battery, and filling sandbags for repair of embrasures generally. Work executed satisfactory.
The fire from the Redan did much damage to the left of the 21-gun battery, but the embrasures were at once repaired, and our fire was not stopped in consequence.
The working party in the left advanced sap on Redan was much annoyed by a fire of round shot from the Redan and musketry, and one Sapper and one of the working party of the Line were killed thereby. Our fire from the riflemen in the third parallel and screens in front seemed to produce good effect.
No guns were disabled. One gun in the 8-iuch battery, No. 9, was struck by a shot about 5 p.m.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
151
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 15, Night.
8 r.M. to 5 a.m.
"Working Party.
Line .... 500 men.
Guard of trenches 170 ,, Sappers ... 55 „
Officers on 1,„ U
1855.
April 15, Wight. 8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
"Working Party.
Line .... 300 men.
Sappers ... 32 ,,
fCapt. Stanton, R.E.
| Capt. Wolselby, 90th Officers on duty *( Regiment.
I Lieut. Sheehy, 04th L Regiment.
Commenced new battery in front of second parallel (No. 10). The first row of gabions are covered with earth, except a short distance on the right, where the soil was deficient; on the left a thick bank has been raised. Worked at No. 9 battery, raising parapets and traverses, but owing to the darkness of the night little progress was made, as the soil has to be collected by scraping among the rocks. Worked at No. 8 battery, repairing parapets and embrasures, and thickening epaulment on right ; at No. 7 battery, repairing parapet, traverses, and embrasures ; in second parallel, clearing cut to drain off water ; in Greenhill batteries, repairing embrasures and traverses, and thickening merlon in No. 3 battery ; repairing magazine in No. 3 battery ; Picquet-house battery, repairing and lowering embrasures, and repairing parapets. Cuts were made through the communications for guns to pass through, but the artillery did not move any forward ; the cuts are again masked.
Wounded, 7 rank and lilc.
There were no casualties from the enemy’s fire this day. Several shot struck and shells burst on our magazines, and injured them considerably, but the damages were instantly made good by heaping sandbags and earth on them. At night, about 8 r.M., there was a great explosion in the enemy’s works, apparently at salient of Flagstaff battery, which was followed by a heavy cannonade with shot and shell for three quarters of au hour, and then by musketry fire for more than half an hour, between the French and Russians.
(Signed) Geo. Bent,
Bt,-Major, R.E.
Working parties were employed in the 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, merlons, magazines, &c., and clearing the battery of old gabions and fascines ; also in the advanced works on the left of the attack, improving the cover ; but no new work was commenced, it not being considered prudent to attack the rifle-pits in our front, as the enemy had shown himself in force both on our left and centre in the early part of the evening, and had made a feint of attacking our left, but retired out of sight after some firing on both sides. At the same time that our left was j threatened, a heavy fire was opened on the French on our right, and there appeared to be a veiy sharp j affair going on in front of the Flagstaff battery.
! Captain Wolseley, assistant engineer, who was in j charge of the working party in the advanced trenches, retired the party from the most advanced part between twelve and one, finding it impossible to keep the men at work under the fire the enemy poured in. The carpenters were employed relaying and repairing platforms in the 11-gun and No. 10 mortar batteries, in laying down a platform for the 68-pounder on a ship’s slide on the right of the right Lancaster battery, No. 1, and commencing a magazine in the traverse in the communication near No. 12 mortar battery.
The batteries were placed in good order throughout.
The enemy has repaired his embrasures and para- | pets generally about the tower of Malakoff and the * Redan, but had not opened fire from the former works when I left the battery.
I Fine day. Wind S.
1 Killed, 3 officers. Wounded, 1 officer, 20 rank and file.

152
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 16, Say.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Line . . Sappers .
Officers on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 230 men.
* * (2d relief, 260 „
. . 32 men.
( Capt. Belsgn, R.K.
■' Cant. Chapman, 20th (. Regiment.
1855.
April 16, Say.
3 A.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
yist relief, 160 men.
(2d relief, 160 „
28 men.
( Capt. De Moleyns, i R.E.
(.Lieut. Drake, R.E.
Working parties were employed filling sandbags for all the batteries in the first parallel in the most con- j venient spots, and also for Nos. 7 and 8. The new cave magazine left of first parallel was finished, and the one on left of the second parallel continued to be j excavated. An excellent vein of sand was discovered ! in the latter, which makes it doubly useful.
A large party was employed at No. 9 battery, j revetting, and filling in the parapets with earth, &c. I
Three of Alderson’s platforms were laid here by the carpenters sent down at 12 o’clock. T think their industry worthy of some mark of approbation. In > Nos. 7 and 8 batteries parties were employed clearing tip the batteries and converting the shell-room in the left of the former into a magazine ; the traverse was j thickened for that purpose ; end of the passage blocked up, and splinter proofs laid over the top, covered with a row of sandbags. I would not attempt to work at No. 10 battery, as I considered it too exposed. The parallel between 7 and 8 batteries was continued to be revetted and thickened. A quantity of sandbags were brought tip from the cavalry Picket in the ravine. The carpenters sent down in the first instance relnid two of the mortar platforms in No. 3 j battery, besides executing, some other repairs. j
Sappers generally superintending, and repairing embrasures, &c. in 21-gun battery and 8-gun battery. No. 9, where damaged by the enemy’s fire ; laying platforms in No. 11 mortar battery, and building magazines in No. 12 mortar battery. The Line were employed filling sandbags for proposed new battery, No. 13, near No. 12; making good cover in left advance sap on Redan, and assisting in general repairs ; the work was satisfactorily done.
I have to report that the centre magazine in No. 9 battery was blown up by a shell which fell in the passage, and rolled into the door of the magazine ; one man was killed and eight or nine gunners wounded ; none of the guns were injured, but the battery was so filled with stones and rubbish as to render serving all but one gun impossible. The Minie practice from the enemy was very troublesome in this battery, and rendered all but the most trifling repairs to the embrasures impossible.
There were no casualties among the Sappers. Observations.
Very little injury was done to the batten- itself, and the whole has been repaired during the night; but I would submit that the magazines should not be made to hold more ammunition than they were constructed for, viz., 100 rounds per gun, as it is impossible to render the passages and doors of the magazines perfectly safe against shells.
As the two existing magazines in the 8-gun (No. 9) battery contain (I am informed) about 800 rounds, it 1 will perhaps not be necessary to construct a new , magazine in room of the one exploded. The require- meats of the new armament have increased the number of magazines in the Right attack to about 30, and I think it very fortunate that after eight days’ firing they should have escaped with but one explo- i sion.
i
(Signed)
Rd. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
153
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 16, Night.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
flat relief, 500 men.
* * (2d relief, 220 „
. . f>l men.
(Capt. Hassaed, R.E. Officers on duty -] Lieut. Murray, R.E.
(.Lieut. Graham, It.E.
Line . Sappers
One hundred men employed in first parallel in repairing damages to embrasures and merlons, also in covering No. 1 magazine, No. 1 battery, with earth. Platforms in No. 1 battery repaired where required, and 13-inch platform in No. 4 relaid. No. 5 battery, naval, shell 10-inch gun removed to No. 9 battery, second parallel, and 68-pounder gun taken into No. 9 battery. No. 9 battery, revetting parapet continued, embrasures partially cut through ; platform for 10- inch gun laid ; parapet thickened on top, but not completed. No. 10 battery continued, and approach from parallel continued, but the ground is very bard, and sufficient cover was not obtained to work in these at daylight. The small rifle-pits (e) commenced by Lt. Murray, and nearly completed, but it was not considered safe to place men in them to-day. Communication to advanced rifle-screen partially repaired. Lt. Graham superintended the work in first parallel, which appeared to give universal satisfaction. The night was very dark. A small sortie appeared to have been made on the French from the Flagstaff battery.
The Russians burnt a light ball on crest of Flagstaff; it lasted about five minutes,. The 9-pounder field gun brought in from the third parallel. All repairs to Picquet house completed.
Fine day. Calm.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 14 rank and file
1855.
April 16, Wight. 8 P.M. to 5 A.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
/lst relief, 300 men.
C 2d relief, 150 „
48 men.
fCapt. Owen, R.E.
Lieut. Anderson, R.E. -I Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
I CaDt. Anderson, OOtli. C Regiment.
During the night the stones and soil which encumbered the terrcpleine of the 8-gun battery, No. 9, in consequence of the explosion of the powder magazine yesterday, were completely removed. The damage to the embrasures and traverses made good, and the battery put in a state to re-open fire. The cheeks of the embrasures in the 21-gun battery were repaired or rebuilt, and as much earth added to the merlons as possible. A sufficient quantity of rammed earth was thrown on the top of the magazine of No. 12 mortar battery. The tire of our batteries was completely suspended during the night ; and the Russians only fired a few shells, without causing any damage to the working parties.
There was an occasional interchange of musketry between our trenches and those of the enemy. The morning being so foggy prevented me ascertaining whether any fresh work had been constructed.
Distribution.
Sappers.
Line.
Line.
8-gun battery, No. 9
- 2 Brigades
100
60
21-gun battery, No. 9
_ 9
180
90
No. 12 mortar battery
>>
20
—
Miscellaneous
1
2 >>
—
—
Total
- H-
300
150
Three brigades of carpenters relaying platforms in 21-gun battery, and laying one platform in new sandbag battery, No. 13 ; great difficulty found in filling the dowels of the latter, owing to the baulks not having been sorted by daylight.
Fine day. Calm.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 10 rank and file-
t;

154
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEVASTOPOL.
V
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 17, Day.
7 A.M. to 6 F.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
f 1st relief, 130 men.
> 2d relief, 302 „
18 men.
( Capt. Aemit, R.E. l Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Parties were employed in batteries, No. 7 and 8, repairing damage to parapets and traverses ; a small party in No. 10, opening communications from the second parallel at No. 10, revetting embrasures and parapet, building traverses, filling sandbags, and excavating cave for magazine; in third parallel, building revetment of parapet and thickening it; in first parallel, filling sandbags, and attending to general repairs of platforms.
April 17, Wight,
8 P.M. to 3i A.M.
Line . . Sappers .
Officers on
Working Party. . . 500 men.
52 „
f Capt. Porter, R.E. auty ^ Lieut. Neville, E.E.
Parties were employed in the first parallel, repairing the embrasures, the traverses, merlons, &c. of the batteries ; repairing injury to the magazine, in No. 3 battery; at Picquet-house battery, repairing embrasures ; at No. 9 battery (left of second parallel), raising traverses and completing parapets ; at No. 10 battery, thickening parapet with earth from front and rear, building the centre of parapet with stones from old house ; repairing embrasures in No. 8 battery. Parties employed in the caves, the advanced post, and rifle-screens, repairing injuries and improving cover.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
A shell broke through into the magazine in No. 3 battery ; it exploded in the earth, without doing other damage than blowing in one side. The powder has been removed. At night two guns were
1855.
April 17, Day,
5 A.M. to 5J P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
100 men.
28 „
Capt. Broivne, R.E. Lieut. Baineb, R.E.
Sappers generally superintending, repairing platforms, and fixing framing of magazine for proposed sandbag battery, No. 13.
One hundred men of the Line were employed as follows :
21-gun battery, 50 men filling sandbags, and assisting the Sappers to repair embrasures, magazines, and traverses ; No. 11 mortar battery, 20 men replacing gabions where necessary ; proposed sandbag battery, No. 13, 20 men filling sandbags, and assisting Sappers to build magazine ; 10 men in No. 9 battery assisting Sappers to repair where required, and filling sandbags. The work was satisfactory. One casualty occurred amongst the working party.
During the night the enemy connected his rifle- screens on our right, and made a trench of about 50 yards from his rifle-screen in front of our left advance towards the Woronzoflf Road ; four guns were in play in No. 9 battery.
P.S.—A party of men were employed from 3 P.M. to r.M. carrying gabions for 21-gun battery to left advance sap.
During the morning a sound as of heavy firing was heard in the direction of Eupatoria.
April 17, Wight.
8 A.M. to 5 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
300 men.
28
Capt.’KiNO, R.E. Lieut. James, R.E. Lieut. Sheery, 61th . Rent-
One brigade of Sappers and a working party of 80 men repaired the embrasures and magazines of the 21-gun battery ; half brigade of Sappers and 20 men repaired the embrasures, &c. of the 8-gun battery, No. 9. (both batteries are in an efficient state) ; one brigade carpenters employed in repairing platforms generally ; one brigade carpenters in completing the magazines for the proposed sandbag battery, No. 13 ; one brigade of Sappers and 200 men were detailed for the extending of the left advanced sap. The officers on duty were Lieut. James, R.E., chnrged with the repairs in the batteries, and Capt. King and Lieut. Sheehy, Assistant Engineer, who took charge of the work at the advanced sap x. The brigade of Sappers under Capt. King placed the gabions in extension of the present line, which were in the first

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
155
Left Attack.
taken into No. 8 battery by the Royal Artillery, and one into No. 9 by the sailors.
A large fire was observed in rear of the Barrack battery, which burnt from 9 p.m. till near 12 p.m.
I regret to have to report that the progress made last night at No. 10 battery is unsatisfactory. I visited the trenches before daylight this morning, and found no working party at this battery, as I had expected. On calling on Capt. Porter, R.E., for an explanation, he states he applied to the general of the Left attack, who declined to give him the working party ordered from 2 a.m. to 6 a.m., in lieu of which he permitted the workmen, who had been all night employed, to remain for an additional 1| hours ; but I would beg to observe that the amount of work to be obtained from a party already tired out is not equivalent to a fresh relief for four hours.
The cover gained is not sufficient to allow me to cany out my intention of levelling the terrepleine by day, and laying the platforms.
(Signed) Geo. Bent,
Bt. Major, R.E.
Fine Day. Wind S.W.
An extract of this.
(Ind.) K.
1855.
April 18, nay.
7 A.M. tO S P.M.
WoEKIEO PAETY.
f 1st relief, 200 men.
• ‘ 12d relief, 177 „
Sappers ... 30 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Belsoh, R.E.
Line
Working parties employed as follows :
In the first parallel, the carpenters did sundry repairs to some of the platforms, and took up and began to relay two of the mortar platforms in No. 1 battery.
The magazines of No. 1 battery generally were strengthened by throwing earth on the tops ; 50 bales of sandbags, or very nearly that number, were brought up from the ravine. Battery, No. 9 was proceeded with by raising the traverses, the soles of the embrasures, and by filling a large quantity of sandbags, in a great measure from the new cave left of second parallel.
The communication from the second parallel to
Right Attack.
instance filled with sandbags passed from hand to hand by the working party.
As soon as the gabions were filled with sandbags, a working party, with picks and shovels, were employed in increasing the cover. In this manner about 45 yards of trench were added to the advance, which will be made into good cover to-morrow night. The ground is very rocky and unfavourable. I am sorry to report that Capt. King received a severe wound in the thigh about 10 p.m. from a rifle ball. Of the four Sappers employed under the corporal (Stanton), at the head of the sap, placing gabions, &c., three were wounded, more or less slightly ; five of the working party also wounded.
The enemy fired constant volleys from the rifle-pits e and p immediately in front, obliging the work to be conducted with the greatest silence and caution.
The conduct of the Sappers under Capt. King, and working party under Major Welsford, 97th Regiment, was admirable, exposed throughout the whole time of their working to a most galling and dangerous fire.
There was a large fire in the town towards the Left French attack during the early part of the night.
(Signed) R. Tylden.
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Fine day. Wind S.W.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 11 rank and file.
WORKISO Paett.
, ■ fist relief, 1S3 men.
1855. Line .... ( M relief, 200 „
April 18, Day, Sappers ... 23 men.
Si A.M to 51 p.m. ("Capt. Staktok, K.E.
Officers on duty 1 Capt. Wolseuey, 90th (. Eegt.
Working parties were employed in the 21 and 8 gun battery, No. 9, filling sandbags, &c., to repair damages to battery ; in the advanced trenches, making up banquette, and filling sandbags for the new battery (No. 13). 2 \ brigades of Sappers were divided
amongst the work. The carpenters were employed repairing the mortal - platforms generally. The enemy’s fire was well sustained during the day, but the battery was not much injured. The 10-inch gun on the right was struck on the left trunnion, but was not quite disabled.
u 2

156
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
No. 10 battery was deepened, and a good many sandbags were filled in the vicinity of the battery. The magazine on left of No. 7 battery was covered over with additional layers of sandbags and earth, and both Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, and the parallel between them, had small working parties employed in doing any casual repairs that appeared necessary and practicable. Four Sappers were working in the communication lietween the eaves of the advanced post.
1855.
April 18, ITigbt.
8 F.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
fist relief, 5S0 men.
( 2d relief, 180 „
48 men.
f Capt. Hassaed, R.E. t Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
First parallel, embrasures damaged by fire during the day, repaired ; the whole of the merlons of No. 3 battery thickened from the front; two mortar platforms laid in No. 1 battery. No. 2 magazine, No. 2 battery, earth added, and also No. 1 magazine, No. 3 battery, and No. 1, No. 4 battery.
In the second parallel, No. 9 battery, stones cleared as much as possible from parapets, and earth obtained from front, as well as from emptying sandbags filled in the rear, put in the parapets ; No. 10 battery continued by excavating both in front and rear, and carrying earth in baskets to the rocky portions ; epaulments on left heightened one row of gabions, which will afford sufficient cover to allow a party to work in battery by day ; 19 large sleepers for platforms carried out, and placed in second parallel in rear of battery, ready for carpenters to lay.
Third parallel, cover in front of caves improved and added to, also on right of advanced post. No. 7 battery, parapet repaired by filling shot and shell holes, and shovelling earth up from the beam.
The enemy fired on the working party, but no casualties.
A heavy sortie made on the French about 2 a.m., and apparently the ships were firing shot and shell into the town. The sortie lasted for about an hour, and each party shelled the other with great zeal.
Day, very fine. Wind, N.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 18, Wight.
5 P.M. to 5 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . Sappers
1st relief, 500 men.
2d relief, 300 „
44 men.
Capt. Do Woleyss, R.E.
Officers on duty ■! Lieut. Drake, R.E.
I Capt. Anderson, OOtli L Kcfrt.
The Sappers were employed as follows :
General repairs of 21 and 8 gun battery, one brigade.
Building new sandbag battery, three brigades. Making good cover in left advanced sap, half brigade.
The Line were employed as follows :
1st relief.
Building new sandbag battery, No. 13, 300 men. General repairs of batteries, 100 men.
Making good cover, Left advance, 100 men.
2d relief.
Building sandbag battery, No. 13, 300 men. This relief worked well.
The carpenters were employed, one brigade, general repairs of platforms ; one brigade, laying platforms in new sandbag battery, No. 13.
During the first relief of the working party, as 300 of them were a special party, I applied to the general of the trenches for an extra 100 men from the guard of the advanced works, but he considered it would be weakening them too much.
We were not annoyed in any way by the enemy, and no casualties took place.
These men (the special working party) worked badly and very sulkily, although the officer in command of them did his best to make them exert themselves.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
157
Left Attack.
1855.
April 19, Day.
7 A.M. to 4.45 P.M.
WorkinO Party.
Line .... Sap per8 . . . Officers on duty
fist relief, 250 men. (2d relief, 500 „
50 men.
yCapt. Arm it, R.E. (.Lieut. Carter, R.E.
Fifty men excavating terrepleine and filling sandbags in No. 10 battery ; 10 men building traverse in front of sliell-room in No. 1 mortar battery ; four ijien excavating in magazine passage opposite No. 1 boyau ; 186 men employed in No. 9 battery, filling sandbags and rebuilding revetment. One platform completed in No. 10 battery.
2d relief.
Forty-six men excavating terrepleine and filling sandbags in No. 10 battery ; four men excavating magazine passage in front of No. 1 boyau ; 20 men building traverse in front of shell-room, No. 1, mortar battery.
Two hundred and thirty men in No. 9 battery, filling and carrying sandbags ; revetting parapet and traverse ; breaking through right traverse, and building new traverse in front of cutting (traverse raised about three feet).
Right Attack.
The men were set to carry a few sandbags to the new battery, No. 13, and complained of being overworked. 40 of them were employed in front of the battery, with picks and shovels, to assist in forming the parapet. This party worked better.
The battery, No. 13, is about 100 feet long and 26 feet thickness of parapet, and I could only get the parapet raised as high as the soles of the embrasures, which I had done throughout, as the work is covered at this height from being much seen from the front.
The navy cannot get the guns in till to-night, and the battery will be easily completed ; the delay will, I suppose, not be of importance. I hardly think there were the proper proportion of officers to the working party. I could only find three, including the officer commanding. The party improving the advanced sap under Lieut. Drake did fair work, and made good cover of last night’s work. These men came from the guard of the trenches.
(Signed) R. Tyi.dex,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Day very fine. Wind, N.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 0 rank and file.
1855.
April 19, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 r.M.
Wokkixo Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . OJJicers on (http
f 1st relief, 130 men. (.2d relief, 130 men.
28 men.
Lieut. Murray, K.E.
One hundred and thirty men were employed both in the morning and afternoon, (JO in the advanced trenches on the left, completing them ; 20 clearing and executing slight repairs on the upper batteries, and at No. 8 battery ; 10 completing the magazine of No. 13 (new) battery (commenced last night) ; six at a traverse in the left approach to third parallel ; 10 repairing and improving the entrance to the magazine on the left of No. 11 battery ; 24 filling and carrying sandbags for No. 13 battery. Nine Sappers were employed at the most advanced part of the trenches on the left, excavating in rear of the gabions which had been placed, and filled with sandbags. The carpenters were employed on three mortar platforms, which required relaying. The rest of the Sappers were superintending.
Fifty men were employed from 4£ r.M. to .i-) p.m., carrying gabions from near No. 13 battery to the left advanced trench.

158
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack. 1 Right Attack.
There was a flag of truce shown on the Flagstaff battery, about half past 3 p.m., for the apparent purpose of carrying in dead and wounded French and Russians. The truce lasted about half an hour. The working parties worked very fairly up to that time, but I could not keep them down from the parapet, nor their own officers either, during the truce.
I have to notice Private Lancaster, 3d Company,
Royal Sappers and Miners, for very good work and great attention. Two men killed and one wounded (not of the working party).
1855.
April 19, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 450 men.
Sappers ... 50 „
(Capt. Belson, R.E. Officers on duty -^Ca^t^CHAPMAN, 20th
Working parties were employed as follows :
A party was employed in the first parallel, carrying sandbags and repairing the batteries. The parapet of No. 4 battery was thickened from the outside, and considerable progress made in the alteration of the traverse and half merlon on the right, the traverse being cut through, and that protecting tlio cut raised. The parapet of No. 10 battery was also thickened from the outside and inside, and both it and the traverses raised.
The merlons of No. 7 battery were thickened from the outside.
The traverses of the trench leading to the caves beneath the advanced post were raised, and another one commenced almost afresh ; the traverse in front of the most advanced cave was thickened. By a misconception, the sergeant of the Sappers, instead of using the sandbags that were lying in the trench in front of No. 7 battery, to thicken the parapet of the advanced post, used them for those traverses. Some of the rifle-pits (e) on the right of the right rifle-screen (d) were deepened, as well as the left rifle-screen (e) and pits on its left ; but when I got to the front I found that, the working parties being already distributed, I could not, without weakening some of them more than I wished, do all ; and from the same reason, and from having for a considerable time missed seeing Captain Chapman, the stones in rear of No. 8 battery were not removed.
1855.
April 19, Night.
5 P.M. to 5 A.M.
Line
Working Party.
Cist relief,700 men. • • \ 2d relief, 200 „
Sappers ... 44 men.
Officers on duty { &E.
The rifle-pits e and f immediately in front of the left advanced sap were attacked last night at 9 p.m., and the enemy driven from them. A communication was established and lodgment effected in the nearest pit e, which is secured to the left advance.
At about 1 a.m. the enemy made a determined attempt to ictako tlio pits, driving in the covering sentries and the party left in occupation of the advanced pit f.
Dui’ing .the interval the cover had been so far established as to enable our men to hold the lodgment in the near pit e and communication to it.
Colonel Egerton, commanding the covering party who took the pit, was unhappily killed. Captain Owen and Lieutenant Baines were both severely wounded in securing the lodgment and communication.
Serjeant M'Donald and two or three Sappers wounded. Several officers and men of the covering party wounded, and one officer killed.
At 3 a.m. I placed Lieut. James in charge of the communication and lodgment in the rifle-pits.
Lieut.-Colonel Mundy being in command of the parties occupying them.
Day, cloudy. Wind (strong) N.
Killed, 2 officers, 10 rank and file. Wounded, 6 officers, 50 rank and file.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
159
Left Attack.
I did not get any relieving party at 2 o’clock from the guard of the trenches, as the major-general considered it would be working the men too hard.
I had desired that the 200 men were to be employed at No. 10 battery. Its progress has therefore been again delayed.
(Signed) G. B.
Day, cloudy. Wind (strong) N.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
1855.
April 20, Bay.
8 A.H. to 4 P.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line . . . . j Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1 st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 200 „
30 men.
Capt. Hassaed, R.K. Lieut. Graham, R.E.
One officer and three non-commissioned officers and 75 men employed under Lieut. Graham, R.E. In No. 10 battery, parapet thickened, terrepleine excavated for two platforms, and part of third and one sleeper of platform laid. No. 9 battery and traverses built up to 7 feet 6 inches in height, and parapet thickened on top as far as practicable in the daytime ; raw hides placed in cheeks of embrasures of No. 3 and 4 guns ; road for guns formed to No. 2,
to facilitate the arming ; a shell-room formed on left, by leaning splinter proofs of 10-inch square against an excavation in rock. A good roadway made to large cave on left, and the cave prepared for powder, but the sides are still rough ; the average dimensions being 18' x 4' by o’ 10" high ; but the rock is soft, and if required there will be no difficulty in excavating to any size required. Steps have been formed, and the cave is perfectly ready to receive powder.
The working party of the 50th Regiment worked very well indeed.
P.S.—A party of miners were employed in blasting communication to caves from the advanced post. The enemy fired constantly at both working parties, and wounded four men slightly.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 20, Bay.
5 A.M. to 5i F.M.
Working Party-.
Line .... 80 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
(■Capt. Browne, R.E. Officers on duty < Lieut. Sheehy, 64th (. Regt.
Two and a half brigades of Sappers employed generally superintending ; one brigade carpenters repairing platforms.
Working party of the Line employed as follows :
21-gun battery, 20 men in two reliefs, with half brigade of Sappers, repairing magazines, embrasures, &c. No. 9 or 8-gun battery, half brigade Sappers masking embrasures, &c.
Advanced sap on left, 60 men in two reliefs were employed in making cover in the rifle-screen e, captured last night, and the communication to it from advanced parallel. Good cover has been procured, and the parapets made defensible with banquettes. The men worked extremely well, and there were no casualties amongst them, although a constant fire was kept up from the quarries, and a few round shot from the right face of Malakoff Tower upset some of our gabions, which were made good with sandbags. The artillery mortar fire was extremely bad, as many shells burst in rear of our advanced works, owing to using 10-inch fuze for 13-incli shell. A few hand grenades would have been of much use to dislodge the enemy from a screen, f, within about 14 yards of ours. Captain Peel, R.N., mnde some good shots from 21-gun battery at the quarries.
Sir, 20th April 1855.
I have the honour to inform you, that, in accordance with your order received yesterday afternoon, a lodgment was effected last night about 10 p.m. in the evening in the enemy’s rifle-pit E immediately in front of the left advance, and a communication made from it by flying sap to the boyaux in real 1 . The lodgment is occupied, and a working

160
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
i
i
Right Attack.
party employed in it and in the communication this morning.
This service was effected under a destructive fire from the enemy’s galleries in the quarries under the Redan, as well as constant discharges of grape and canister from field pieces and heavy artillery from the batteries in rear, and the casualties were consequently severe.
A reinforcement of 600 men under Colonel Egerton, commanding the 77th Regiment, were added to the usual strength of the guard of the trenches, for the especial object proposed.
Having explained to Brigadier General Loekyer and to this officer the value and extent of the intended lodgment, and the manner in which I thought it might be most safely effected, it was arranged that the nearest rifle-pit e, and one f, immediately beyond it, should be turned on their right flank, and that both should be occupied, and about loO men pushed forward in double sentries to cover the working party.
The advance upon the rifle-pits was conducted by Colonel Egerton himself, about half past 9 r.M. The enemy were immediately driven from them, although not without resistance, which caused the loss of two officers and several men, Colonel Egerton himself receiving a severe contusion on the thigh.
Immediately that the pits were cleared and the covering sentries were posted, I brought forward the working party, consisting of one sergeant, a brigade of Sappers, and 160 men, under Gaptain Owen and Lieut. Baines, Royal Engineers. Gabions were placed on our right flank of the rifle-pit e, and in communication from the left flank to the boyau in rear. This was effected under heavy fire in a very short time, and without the slighest confusion, owing to the gallant exertions of the officers above named.
I regret to state that at this period Captain Owen and Lieut. Baines were within a few minutes very severely wounded, and I had therefore only Sergeant M‘Donald, Royal Sappers and Miners, to assist me in the direction of the work. The gallant and steady conduct of this non-commissioned officer, who was soon after wounded in the right side, attracted the notice of Colonel Egerton. The enemy’s fire was constant and well directed, and a considerable number

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
161
Left Attack.
j Right Attack.
i of men in the working and covering parties were | wounded ; but the work nevertheless proceeded ! steadily.
I At about 1 a.m. the enemy made a determined j effort to recover the ground we had taken from them,
I advancing in great force upon our right and left ; front, and driving in the advanced sentries and party occupying the further pit k, the sandbags of which I had previously thrown down.
During the interval the working party had obtained sufficient cover in the rear work to enable the troops to hold it confidently, and the enemy failed in their j endeavour to drive them from it, and after a short I period merely kept up a constant fire upon our men j from the furthest pit f and other stone screens in I rear.
At this time we were so unfortunate as to lose the officer in command, Colonel Egerton, to whom the success of this operation is mainly attributed, and who was killed near the opening of the rear communication.
Having taken every precaution I could for the sure holding of our new work, I explained to Lieut.-Colonel Mundy, who, 1 believe, was the next senior officer, the position of affairs, and at 3 a.m. I went to the telegraph station to communicate with you, and not succeeding in doing so returned to camp, and sent forward a written report.
The sandbag battery, No. 13, had meanwhile during the night been nearly completed, under the superintendence of Lieut. James, R.E., whom I ' brought forward to the lodgment, and who remained with the working party till daylight, receiving a ball through his cap.
The entire casualties, as far as I am aware, amounted to about six officers and 40 men killed and wounded. I enclose the return of those of our own corps, and have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
I R. Tylden,
, Lt.-Col., R.E.
Wounded, 13 rank and file.
X

162
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Camp before Sebastopol, 20tli April 1855.
List of Casualties of the Royal Engineers and Royal Sappers and Miners in the trenches on the night of the 19th instant.
Capt. Owen, R.E., dangerously wounded in left thigh (leg amputated).
Lt. Baines, R.E., dangerously wounded through the arm and chest.
Royal Sappers and Miners.
Colour Sergeant Henry M‘Donald slightly wounded on right side.
Lance Corporal Peter Powel, right arm broken with grape shot (since amputated).
Lance Corporal John Evans killed by a grape shot.
C. B. Ewart,
Capt. R.E.,
• per Adjutant.
1855.
April 20, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
WOBKISO PABIY.
Line . . . . ^ Sappers . . , Officers on duty £
1st relief, 500 men. 2d relief, 200 „
50 men.
Capt.AnariT, R.E. Lieut. Gom>ojr,lLE.
Working parties employed as follows :—
1st Relief.
Twenty men repairing No. 1 magazine, No. 3 battery ; 60 men improving communication to caves ; 30 men thickening merlons, No. 7 battery ; 50 men widening embrasures, No. 8 battery ; 30 men thicken- j ing magazines, No. 8 battery ; 20 men thickening \ parapet, advanced post ; 20 men making new rifle- ! screen ; 90 men building traverse, and thickening merlons, No. 9 battery ; 180 men thickening parapet, No. 9 battery, and forming terrepleine, 8cc.. One platform laid in No. 10 battery.
2d Relief.
Twelve men completing embrasures, No. 8 battery; 50 men No. 9 battery, as last relief; 138 men, No. 10 battery, as last relief.
One of the working party slightly wounded in No. 9 battery by a splinter of a shell. A smart fire was kept up on the rifle-pits in Right attack, at about 8 p.m., and lasted about an hour.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and fde.
Day fine. Wind (strong) N.
1855.
April 20, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
WOBKING PABTY.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
300 men.
24 „
< Capt. Stanton, R.E. (. Lieut. Pkatt, ILE.
Working parties were employed in the 21-gun battery, repairing the merlons, embrasures, &c.; continuing battery, No. 13, and improving the cover in the new trenches on the left. The batteries are generally in good order. Two guns were mounted in No. 13 during the night, but the battery is not quite completed. The rocky nature of the ground in the advanced trenches prevented good cover being obtained throughout, but the work is defensible.
Sappers employed repairing embrasures, &c. in the 21-gun and 8-gun batteries ; building battery No. 13, and superintending the work in the advanced trenches, and making loop-holes.
The carpenters took up and commenced relaying a 13-incli mortar platform on the right of the 21-gun battery. A little before daybreak the Russian rifle- pit f., immediately in front of the one e. taken on the night of the 19th, was destroyed by a party of volunteers. The working party that effected this was composed of four men of the 19th Regiment and three Sappers, the whole being under the direction of Corporal Cann, 7th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners ; the other Sappers of the party were Private

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
163
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
William Harvey, 8th Company, Lance-Corporal William Lendrum, 7th Company, and Private Alexander Hosie, 2d Company. The pit was previously taken possession of by a party of volunteers from the guard of the trenches. No opposition was offered by the Russians, and the pit was taken without a shot being fired, and completely demolished before the party returned.
The enemy opened a heavy fire of shot and shell upon our works generally at about 8 p.m., but no injury was done to any of them.
Observations.
The parapet of the rifle-pit f was constructed of barrels instead of gabions, and crowned with large sandbags made of old sails ; some of them I have brought to the engineer park.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lieut.-Col. R.E.
Working Party.
fist relief, 190 men.
fist relief, 190 me X 2d relief, 190 „ 82 men.
Working Party.
fist relief, 138 men.
Line . . Sappers .
185S.
April 21, Day.
5 A.M. to 5 P.M.
fist relief, 138 men. 12d relief, 146 „
30 men.
1855.
April 21, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Zinc . . . . Sappers ... 30
Capt. De Moleynb, R.E.
Lieut. AinvEBSoar, With . Regiment.
Officers on duty
Capt. Eelbon, R.E. Lieut. Neville, It.E.
Officers on duty {jj?ui
The Sappers were employed as follows :—
Working parties employed as follows :—
One brigade in repairing damages to embrasures, magazines, &c., in 21 and 8 gun batteries; half brigade improving cover in left advance ; Sappers, half brigade in repairing shot holes in parapets generally, and in collecting gabions, sandbags, &c.
The screen in front of the right magazine, No. 1 mortar battery, was completed, and some damage done by a shell to one of the other magazines of the same battery repaired. No. 9 battery was proceeded with, the revetment of the parapet being raised ; sandbags were filled for the battery, and holes in the terrepleine and adjacent parallel were filled in.
I am happy to state there were no casualties. The carpenters were employed as follows :— Two brigades in repairs to platforms generally.
No. 10 battery was thickened from the inside ; terrepleine levelled, and some sandbags filled. Some sandbags were filled in the parallel between Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, and all the old sandbags were collected and put into heaps.
The Line were employed, both 1st and 2d reliefs, as follows :—
Twenty men collecting tools, gabions, &c ; 20 men repairing shot holes ; 50 men repairing damage in 21
and 8 gun batteries ; 100 men making good cover in left advance sap.
The working parties worked well, but were much annoyed in the left advance sap by a fire from three of the enemy’s guns in the valley to the right of the Round Tower. I sent to see whether any fire from our batteries could be brought to bear on these guns, but nothing in the 21-gun battery could see them. The four left guns in the 8-gun battery might have been used with great effect, but the artillerymen
x 2

164
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
April 21, Night.
8 a.m. to 4 r.M.
Working Party.
Line |
Sappers . . . Officers on duty j
1st relief, 500 men.
2d relief, 200 men.
22 men.
Capt. Hassard, R.E. Capt. Pf.sk, R.A.
The embrasures in the 1st parallel repaired where necessary. No. 1 magazine, No. 1 battery, earth added ; and also No. 2 magazine, No. 3 battery. Two Madras platforms raised in No. 4. Terrepleine prepared for two more of Alderson’s pattern. 2d parallel No. 9 battery, more earth added from front, and well rammed. No. 1 and 2 gun portions raised, and also traverse on the right. Embrasures nearly cut through and masked.
No. 10 battery continued, and some progress made in parapets. Epaulment continued on the left, and as there were plenty of sandbags in parallel, they were brought, and formed into a screen, so as to enable the powder magazine to be continued in the daytime. Position of magazine and traverse marked out, and magazine cut about one foot deep to road.
Stones cleared from parapets of 3d parallel. Nine- pounder battery, No. 14, improved to average thickness of 10 feet. Stones in rear of No. 8 carried further away. Communications to advanced post and eaves made higher. An Alderson platform was carried out to this battery, and frames and splinter proofs carried out to No. 10.
Captain Penn did good work at the 9-pounder battery ; and Corporal Hansom, Royal Sappers and Miners, showed great zeal and ability in No. 9, where the 50th did very good work.
A mine was sprung in front of Flagstaff at 1.30 a.m. 21st, and apparently a sortie made on the French.
Killed, 1 rank and file. "Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind (light) S.W.
Right Attack.
were not in the battery, and the embrasures were blinded.
Observations.
If the enemy continues to fire from this battery on the left advance sap it will be necessary to open one or two of these guns in No. 9 battery upon it.
The enemy has connected his rifle-pits on our right of the left advance sap by a line of trench which can be enfiladed by a field gun, if taken out at night about 20 or 30 yards in advance of the right end of our advanced parallel.
1855.
April 21, Night.
8 P.M. to 5 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . ^
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 300 men.
2d relief, 140 „
40 men.
Lieut. Murray, R.E.
One hundred and fifty men in the advanced trenches on the left, where a trench was made, No. 2, left demi-pnrallel, by flying sap from the most advanced boyau to the edge of the ravine. There was this morning tolerably good cover in the greater part of this trench. Part of the 150 men were employed filling sandbags and improving the left boyau. The Russians did not fire at all from the quarries, where it seems they were working, and only occasionally a volley came from a small party opposite the left of the new trench. HX) men were employed at No. 13 battery, making lock traverses across the boyau on its left ; thickening the parapet, and heightening the epaulment ; 20 men in batteries, No. 1 to 6, revetting; throwing more earth on magazines, &c.; 20 similarly in No. 8 battery, and 10 at the drain near well in second parallel.
In the second relief, from two to five, 140 men only were employed, all in the advanced trenches on the left, the same as the 1 st party there.
The arming of No. 13 bnttery was completed.
Killed, 3 rank ami file. Wounded, 9 rank and file.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
165
Reports from the Look-out Station.
1855. A strong working party of the enemy was employed yesterday afternoon on the low battery
April is. on the opposite side of the harbour, and a body of cavalry was observed moving to our right along the high ground.
About 70 arabas with gabions arrived yesterday.
The guns about the Malakoff Tower and on the Mamelon had been nearly silent all the morning, but towards three p.m. a steamer was seen to arrive with a lighter in tow, full of men from the opposite side, immediately after which the fire from both these works re-opened, and continued until after sunset ; it seems probable, therefore, it is from want of gunners that these batteries have done so little hitherto.
This morning they are firing as briskly as ever ; replied to vigorously by our batteries.
Lieutenant Preston, 88tli Regiment, was killed yesterday in the advanced trenches, while employed in setting up gabions.
April 16. Some field-guns were seen to arrive yesterday on the opposite side of the harbour ; probably to benefit by the services of the gunners.
There has been a good deal of firing along the whole line during the night, more particularly on the French left and on our front.
The smoke of the batteries this morning hangs so heavily over the town that it is difficult to discern objects. The fire from the French and English batteries continues as brisk as ever ; that of the enemy very slack, more particularly on the left towards the town.
April 17. About 80 covered arabas arrived on the north side yesterday.
It was so thick over the town that it was impossible to see anything.
There was but little firing during the night.
When the explosion in No. 9 battery took place yesterday, the Russians stood up, and cheered from all their works, and opened a fire from all their guns, from the Redan round to the Malakoff and Mamelon, showing that their fire had been reserved, and not from their guns having been disabled.
April 18. The camp on the opposite side of the harbour broke up yesterday, and moved northward, near to the works which are in progress towards the Balbec. 400 men were seen coming down from thence to the town this morning.
A thick fog over the town this morning. Our sap advanced 40 or 50 yards. Captain King, R.E., seriously wounded.
There were some houses on fire in the town last night; the fire was soon extinguished. Later in the night, when the fog came up the ravine, it was strongly impregnated with the smell of burnt timber, which would indicate that the fire had been considerable.
The French threw a good many rockets into the town from the Victoria Redoubt.
The fire from the enemy’s batteries yesterday was quite equal to ours.
April 19. It was so thick the greater part of yesterday that it was difficult to make out objects beyond the harbour.
This morning about 200 carts were observed to proceed from the town towards the post house, and 400 men were marched in the same direction.
The tents at the new encampment towards the Balbec appear to have increased. A good deal of desultory musketry firing during the night. About 2 o’clock there was a heavy and continued firing and cheering on the left.
April 20. Vo movement of any importance has been observed either yesterday or this morning on the other side of the harbour.
The rifle-pits in front of the approach from the advance of the right were attacked and carried by assault between 9 and 10 o’clock last night, in a most gallant manner, by the 77th Regiment, under Colonel Egerton. The resistance of the* enemy, although obstinate, was speedily overcome. The captured pit was included, and made to form part of our approach. Captain Lempriere, 77th, killed ; Captain Owen, Royal Engineers, and Lieutenant Baynes, Royal Engineers, both severely wounded.

165
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Soon after midnight the enemy, in considerable force, and with field-pieces, attacked the covering party, who were soon compelled to retire into the unfinished sap, which they successfully defended, and maintained themselves. In this attack Colonel Egerton was unfortunately killed, to the great regret of the whole army. The number of casualties has been considerable.
1855, About 800 men were observed yesterday afternoon coming towards the town from the direction April 21. of the post house, and many arabas were seen to arrive during the day loaded with gabions.
The camps on the other side, more particularly that towards the Balbec lines, have both increased in size and number of tents. Yesterday a flagstaff was erected on the other side of the road, and beyond the batteries opposite to Inkerman, and this morning a party of men are employed in throwing up some works there.
There has been little firing during the night.
The enemy were driven out of their rifle-pit which runs within 40 yards of that captured on the night of the 20tli, without loss on our side.
There was little firing on either side during the night.
GENERAL ORDER.
No. 5.
April 19. General officers on duty in the trenches will report by telegraph to the commander of the forces direct, at'seven a.m. daily.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
April is. The major-general lias perused with much satisfaction the report made by Captain Owen, R.E., of the steadiness under fire of Privates Robert Cowen and William Ilarbrer, Royal Sappers and Miners, while employed in repairing embrasures yesterday.
E. F. Boukchiee,
Captain Royal Engineers,
Acting Brigade-Major.
April 18. Par. No. 1. The following extract from a letter of the Board of Ordnance to the inspector general of fortifications, dated 9th March 1855, JL, is published for the information of the officers of
1169
engineers serving with this army.
“ Engineer officers are not liable to any stoppage from their extra pay for lodgings, fuel, and light, when “ under canvass in the field, or when billetted in any town, at home or abroad.”
April 19. Par. No. 1. The practice of breaking up bales of sandbags for greater convenience of carriage is productive of so much waste that the major-general commanding directs it may be discontinued.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
The repairs to the batteries required in consequence of injuries occasioned by the enemy's fire have throughout been performed in a very satisfactory manner by the Sappers, many of whom have been particularly active and zealous. The magazines have resisted concussion of 13-inch shells which have fallen upon them.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
167
The lodgment on the night of the 19th in the enemy’s rifle-pits K was executed in a very satisfactory manner, reflecting much credit on Captain Owen and Lieutenant Baines, both severely wounded; the former had his leg amputated. Sergeant M'Donald, Royal Sappers and Miners, is reported to have distinguished himself by his gallantry and zeal.
During the past week the fire from our artillery has been very much slackened, owing to a want of ammunition,—shells in particular. Guns have been brought forward to the advanced batteries. The Coehoms, from which the enemy might have been greatly annoyed, have been nearly silent. This is much to be regretted.
The enemy’s fire has been very slack, considering the great number of guns or embrasures he has bearing upon our works. His fire has been chiefly from the Barrack battery, left face of Redan, right flank of Malakoff, and an occasional shot from the Mamelon.
The French have during the past week exploded several mines in front of the Garden batteries, with more or less success. These have brought them so near the enemy that they suffer much from grenades, and daily lose a great many men.
16th April 1855.—The explosion of the magazine in No. 9 battery did considerable injury to the parapets and traverses; one gun only remained in a state to be used. By the exertions of Captain Dixon, R.A., fire was opened from it without delay. This officer deserved great credit for his gallant conduct on this occasion.
Night of 17tli.—The advanced sap was pushed forward 45 yards, under a very heavy fire of musketry. Captain King, R.E., was severely wounded, as also several Sappers.
The Russians fired heavily from their rifle-pits, and appear to set us at defiance, in the same manner as they did the French in front of the Mamelon.
The fougass fired by the French on the 15tli in front of the Garden battery had a good effect. The enemy opened a heavy fire of musketry, and it is supposed they expected an assault was going to be made. Some 50 or 60 men wounded was all tbe damage caused by their fire.
We have established ourselves snugly in the caves on our extreme left, and increased the number of our rifle-pits in advance of the Left attack; commenced a new battery, No. 10, for seven guns, in the centre of second parallel, Left attack, to fire upon the Redan, and also a new battery, No. 13, Right attack. During these operations few casualties have occurred. It is surprising that the number has not been much greater ; our young soldiers do not use the sandbag loopholes, but prefer firing over everything in the way of cover, regardless of the danger to which they expose themselves.
The fire from the English batteries has been feeble latterly, ammunition supposed to be running short, which is very much to be regretted, as it enables the enemy to restore his works with little interruption.
From the Garden battery the enemy does us the most damage, firing savagely upon the left of first parallel, Right attack ; the fire from the other portions of their extended line of works is very feeble, including carcases and every description of missile, which would appear to indicate a want of shot and shell.
On the night of the 19th the enemy made several sorties against the French Right attack, but without success. The French lost 50 or 60 men.
18th April 1855.—A conference was held yesterday morning at the French head quarters. General Jones, not having been made acquainted with the order, was not present. The meeting was

168
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
assembled to decide what was to be done consequent upon the report of the generals-in-cliief. The points were these : the French to erect two additional batteries; the English to advance against the Itedan, and the two Russian redoubts at Inkerman to be taken.
On the 19th Omar Pacha made a reconnoissance towards Tchergoun with his troops, accompanied by some English cavalry and horse artillery. He does not appear to have advanced sufficiently ; the Russian posts near the Tchernaia were not threatened. The movement, however, appears to have alarmed the governor, who detached a very large body of troops from the garrison in the direction of the Tchernaia. It is supposed that the Russian force in our front is not so strong as is generally imagined.
The Russians have commenced firing from their interior defences. Weather dry but cold.
The combined fleet have commenced night attacks upon the town. These attacks no doubt will annoy the garrison, and keep them on the alert; so far they will be of service to the besieging army.
19th April (night).—The attack upon the enemy’s rifle-pits in advance of the quarries was most successful. They were most gallantly maintained, notwithstanding the repeated attempts of the enemy to drive us out of them. Our loss was considerable ; Colonel Egerton of the 77th Regiment, a very distinguished officer, was killed. In respect to his memory, these pits were named after him, and throughout the siege were always known and referred to as “ Egerton’s pits.”
Captain Owen, R.E., was severely wounded, as also Lieutenant Baynes, R.E.; the former had his leg amputated, and the latter died in a few days from the effect of his wound.
Lieutenant-Colonel Tylden, R.E., the director of the Right attack, particularly distinguished himself by his zeal, gallantry, and the good arrangements he made for the attack and the lodgment.
During the earlier part of this period (April 14th to 21st) the Naval Brigade suffered very much in killed and wounded.
Lieutenant Twyford, R.N., and eight men, killed. Commander Lord John Hay, R.N., and II men, wounded. It was remarked by Brigadier-General Lusbington, Captain lt.N., commanding the Naval Brigade, that the result of our firing went to prove the inutility of 24-pounders against earthworks; the Russians scarcely noticed their fire, whilst they turned their whole force against the heavier guns. On the 13th, Captain King, R.N., with 200 seamen, joined the brigade ; a valuable reinforcement, enabling the Naval Brigade to man 10 more guns on the Right attack.
During the week, Lieutenant Douglas, R.N., and 21 seamen, killed, and 74 wounded. Eight or nine guns were disabled, and all the heavy guns so much run at the vent as to render rebouching absolutely necessary.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, Comdg. Royal Engineers.
22d April 1855.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
169
Memorandum.
Head Quarters, Camp before .Sebastopol, 16th April 1855. At a conference held this day at the Hut of Major-General Harry Jones,—
Present,
French
English
-<
General Tiiiry, General Le Boeuf General Beuret, General Nike, General Dalesme, Colonel Froissard,
Artillery,
^ Engineers,
f Brigadier-General Dacres, Artillery,
L Mnjor-General H. D. Jones, Engineers,
After a long discussion upon different points relative to the attack, it was deemed important to ascertain from the generals commanding in chief the decision upon three points which the members proposed to submit to them, in order to regulate their future proceedings, and which they considered to be beyond the limits of the subjects they were assembled to work out. The points submitted were as follows :—
1st. The assault in two or three days, without approaching the place any nearer.
2d. The assault put off, to construct a new battery on the left in front of the T *, and to approach the Redan on the right, which would necessitate taking the Mamelon. This would cause a delay of eight or ten days.
3rd. The assault put off until after the investment, only firing occasionally to keep the enemy in check, and to prevent his making counter approaches.
To the above the following was forwarded to the members of the conference, who immediately took steps, each in their respective departments, to carry the same into operation.
Note.
(Translation.)
The generals-in-chief of the allies are agreed on the following arrangements for the continuation of the siege :—
1st. The assault is delayed for some days (not specified), to give time for the French attacks on the left to establish a new battery on the left, and in advance of the T *, and to allow the English attacks time to advance towards the Redan, as far as the works undertaken by the French on the right and left will enable them.
2d. During this time the English army will continue building their new batteries.
3rd. They have equally decided that the enemy’s works called “ White,” established on the lower part of the Inkerman spur, should be carried, as soon as the order should be given, by troops taken from each of the three armies, and that they should retrench themselves solidly on these works.
4th. It will then be considered what should be done against the Mamelon and the place.
* T. has reference to a certain point in the French attack opposite the right flank of the Battery du Mat.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Field Marshal the Lord Raglan, G.C.B., Major-General,
&c. &c. &c. Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Y

170
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 22, Say.
8 A.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Pabty.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 160 men.
2d relief, 280 „
28 men.
Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
90 men were employed, from 8 a.m. to 12 noon, and 100 from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m., in No. 10 battery, clearing for the platforms of the four right guns, making a traverse on left of battery, and excavating for a magazine ; 100 men were employed from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m., excavating caves in the 2d parallel to the left of No. 9 battery ; 50 men were employed from 8 a.m. to 12 noon, and 20 from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m., in making a wall in front of cave at Picket house, to convert it into a magazine ; 60 men were employed from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m., bringing sandbags from the Cavalry Picquet, and filling them ; 20 men were assisting the Sappers to lay two new platforms in No. 4 battery.
P.S. The Russians fired a few rounds from two field pieces from the quarries. There were two men slightly wounded.
I
i
1855.
April 22, Bay.
5 A.31. to 5 P.M.
Wobkino Pabty.
Line .... 90 men.
Sappers ... 28 „
(Lieut. Elphinstone, Officers on duty K R.E.
(.Lieut. Dbake, R.E.
As the working party was not to commence until about eight o’clock, I employed the brigade of Sappers of the morning relief in rebuilding two embrasures of the 21-gun battery. They completed these by 7.30 a.m.
A working party of 30 men employed deepening the advance trench, No. 2, Left demi-parallel, thrown up last night, and 30 men in obtaining more cover in that part which was commenced the night before. Very fair cover was obtained in both these places before evening, although the ground is very rocky and bad. One half brigade of Sappers were superintending and assisting.
One brigade of Sappers and a working party of 30 men employed in constructing a sandbag traverse to the left of No. 13 mortar battery. It was carried up to a height of about five feet by the evening.
One half brigade of Sappers employed repairing and attending to the embrasures and traverses of the 21-gun battery.
Half brigade of carpenters removing an old and placing a new mortar platform in No. 10 battery, and half brigade in repairing the platforms of No. 8 mortar battery.
The enemy’s rifle-pits and the quarry facing the new approach proved very troublesome at first to the working party. Our riflemen, however, did their work very satisfactorily in keeping down the fire from them ; several advanced some distance along the valley, so as to obtain a partially enfilading fire into the enemy. I likewise requested the artillery to send some Coehorn mortar shells into the enemy, which had a good effect. The casualties in this advanced trench to the working party were, two men (77th) wounded by the enemy’s riflemen, but I believe not dangerously. Lieut. Drake was the officer of Royal Engineers attached to me ; he discovered a Russian magazine about 200 yards to our left of the tower. A 68-pounder was directed upon it, but failed to hit it.
I beg to remark that during the 2d relief, viz., between 1.30 p.m. to 5 p.m., the working party of the 97th Regiment performed their work very satisfactorily in the new advanced trench.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
171
Left Attack.
1855.
April 22, Night. 7 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Pabtt.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 478 men. 2d relief, 200 „
24 men.
Capt. Beeson, R.E. Lieut. Cabteb, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :
The traverses and embrasures of No. 4 battery were repaired. A party was sent to the Picket house to repair the embrasures there ; the parapet of the parallel, right of No. 9 battery, was raised and revetted, the right elieek of the right embrasure revetted with four gabions, and the parapet and traverse on the right thickened and raised from the outside. In No. 10 battery, the terrepleine was excavated, the parapet thickened from the outside, and raised by a revetment of fascines on the left. The site for a magazine was prepared, and the sleepers of one gun platform laid. At No. 8. battery, the cpaulment, left of the two-gun battery, was thickened, and the communication to it improved ; the parapet left of No. 8 gun was raised, and the passage to No. 3. magazine sunk. A quantity of large stones in rear of the battery were removed farther away. At No. 7 battery, the parapets of Nos. 3 and 4 guns were raised. The communication from the ditch to the advanced post was improved. The parapet of that face of the advanced post looking into the ravine was raised ; stones, &c. cleared away round one of the traverses.
The traverses of the trench leading to the caves were cut round and raised, and the rear one lengthened. The right rifle-screen (d) was continued, and the pits (e) on the left deepened. Four new screens (f) were also commenced, looking over the Woronzoff Road, and in front of the 2d parallel.
Day fine. Wind (light) N.E.
Observations.
This result is attended by so much advantage in the progress of work during the day that I would submit the expediency of employing one or more companies of rifles in the advanced trenches daily for this especial object.
I have no objection to Lieut. Colonel Tylden’s proposition, but if it be adopted the 2d Battalion Rifle Brigade cannot be employed on any other duty. Lieut. General Simpson saw this paper, and my remark.
There are only four companies of this battalion with the Light Division.
(Signed) Raglan.
1855.
April 22, Night.
5 P.M. to 5i A.M.
Working Pabtt.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
1st relief, 300 men.
2d relief, 300 „
28 men.
f Capt. Browne, R.E. t Lieut. Lowby, R.E.
Sappers employed generally superintending.
Working party of the Line employed as follows:—
21-gun battery, 40 men and half brigade of Sappers repairing magazines, embrasures, parapets, &c. ; Nos. 11 and 12 mortar batteries, 10 men and one Sapper covering the magazine with earth ; right advance demi-parallel, 50 men and half brigade Sappers making defensible with loop-holes and banquette#, nod improving cover generally ; right advance rifle-screen a., 50 men and two Sappers were employed throwing out to the rear of pit a flank a. b., to enfilade a Russian trench ; 35 gabions were placed, and good cover obtained ; loop-holes and banquettes arranged ; right advance parallel, new traverses at mortar battery, No. 8, three Sappers employed altering loop-holes, so as to see Russian trench ; left advance sap, 150 men, one and half brigades of Sappers, were employed from 8 f.m. till 2 a.m. on the extreme left of the advance, making good lodgment, by building a wall of gabions, sandbags, and stones, which overlook the Woronzoff Road.
A 2d relief of 300 men were employed also from 2 a.m. to 6 A.M.
Cover was improved at new work, at captured rifle-screen e., and wherever necessary. A flank was broken out in extension of 2d advanced boyau.
The enemy were working at the quarries, and threw out large quantities of earth. Much inconvenience experienced by the weakness of the Pickets in gabions. No casualties.
Fine day. Wind (light) N.E.
Wounded, 11 rank and fide.
T 2
/

3 72
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
| 'Working Party.
lass.
April 23, Say.
8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
r . ("1st relief, 260 men.
i.ine .... 1 2d relief, 300 „
Sajypers . . 30 men.
: Officers on duty
1855.
April 23, Day.
8} A.M. to P.M.
It;** $ 1st relief, 300 men.
| isine ... * 12d relief, 230 „
< Sappers ... 28 men.
| Officers on duty
Working parties were employed as follows :
Twenty men at the cave in the Picquet house ravine, to form a grand magazine ; 190 men in the 2d parallel, increasing the parapet and deepening and levelling the trench ; 50 men in No. 10 battery, levelling terrepleine, filling sandbags, heightening and thickening parapet and traverses, completing magazine ; revetments continued. The 2d relief were employed in the same works, with the exception of 40 men, who carried sandbags from the Cavalry Picquet to the batteries, a portion of whom were afterwards filling sandbags.
The enemy commenced a heavy fire from the Redan and Barrack batteries on our working parties, which continued for some time, until I requested the naval officer in command to stop the fire, which was effectually done by some few rounds from No. 2 battery. I observed a large convoy coming into the town along the road under Fort Severnaia. The enemy had much increased the works on the Quarry Hill last night, and were working during the morning.
Whilst the flag of truce was flying, I saw a large force occupying the quarry works; I should imagine between 300 and 400 men. One gun was disabled, an 8-inch, in No. 3 battery. One casualty occurred in Greenhill by a Russian rifle shot. A private of the 20th Regiment was wounded in the shoulder, and one casualty occurred in the Picquet house battery, some splinters from a round shot having taken away the under lip of an artilleryman.
i
i
Working parties were employed improving the cover in the advanced trenches on the left, clearing out trench, and improving the communication to the rifle-pit a. in the right advance ; throwing up earth, and completing the exterior slope of No. 13 battery ; completing traverses in the left boyau, near the 2d pnrallel ; improving cover in the left boyau, near battery No. 13, and in repairing damages caused by the enemy’s fire in the 21-gun battery.
The Sappers were employed clearing away stone in the advanced trenches on the left ; repairing the revetment of the 21-gun battery, and superintending. The carpenters took up the platform of No. 10 gun in 21-gun battery, and commenced relaying another platform for a 68-pounder gun, also the 2d platform from the left in No. 12 mortar battery, and commenced laying a gun platform in its place.
The enemy kept up a steady fire of shell on the works, and knocked out several gabions in our advanced trenches, but no serious damage was sustained, and the casualties by the fire were few.
April 23, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Workixg Party.
Line .... 500 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer, on ,/uf u ( Ca P t - Ha beard, R.E. ujicers on duty c Lieut Graham, R.E.
1st parallel, embrasures repaired where required; and No. 2 magazine, No. 3 battery, earth added, and it was filled with powder. Platform No. 6, Gun No. 1, battery taken up, and an Alderson’s platform put down. No. 9 battery, embrasures cut through, with the exception of slight screen; more earth added to parapet in several places that required it, and well rammed.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
_ ___ . Sappers ... 36 „
April 23, Night. , fCapt. De Moleyxb,
6 P.M. to 5 a.m. I R.E.
Officers on duty-i Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
Lieut. Sheehy, 64th b Regiment.
The Sappers were employed as follows :
One and half brigades, general repairs, magazines, merlons, traverses, and embrasures in 21-gun battery; half brigade, completing traverses, thickening outside of magazine, and digging traverse trench, new sandbag battery, No. 13 ; one and half brigades, left advance sap, improving cover ; half brigade, right

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
173
Left Attack.
No. 10 magazine, splinter proofs placed, and sandbags and earth over merlon, and epaulment on left thickened. Parapet thickened, average about 16 feet.
No. 8 parapet and traverse left of No. 8 gun raised and thickened, and epaulment 011 right thickened ; also epaulment for right 32-pounders thickened ; approach to caves improved, and rifle-screen and pits deepened ; two rifle screens (f), between right of 2d parallel and 3d parallel deepened, and one, being an old Russian pit, made into a good pit against themselves. More work could have been done, but the General on duty declined giving a working party at two o’clock, stating as a reason that he thought the men were already over-worked.
At the Picquet house the embrasures were repaired where required, and cave continued for reception of powder.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind (light) N.
Right Attack.
advance sap, improving lodgments on rifle-pits x., thickening loop-holes with double sandbags.
The brigade of carpenters were employed in general { repairs to platforms.
The Line were employed as follows :
Twenty men collecting tools, gabions, &c., and bringing them to engineer park ; 80 men in repairs of 21-gun battery ; 150 men improving left advance sap, Nos. 1 and 2, left demi-pnrallels ; 50 men improving right advanced sap ; 100 men building
traverse, digging trench, and thickening magazine, new sandbag battery. The working party worked well, and were not interrupted by the enemy.
There were no casualties among the Sappers.
Day fine. Wind (light) N.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 7 rank and file.
1855.
April 24k, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... firtfl men.
tappers ... 22 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :
- Picquet house.
- First parallel.
- No. 10 battery.
- Communication between Nos. 9 and 10 batteries.
- No. 9 battery.
- No. 8 battery.
- Laying platforms, &c. in first parallel.
One thousand sandbags were filled by the party at the Picquet house, who also continued the wall screen to the cave magazine ; 2,800 sandbags were tilled in the first parallel ; the sleepers for No. 6 gun No. 4 battery were laid ; in No. 10 battery, 1,200 sandbags were filled, and the terrepleine excavated for No. 3 gun platform ; the sleepers for No. 6-gun platform were laid; the trench between Nos. 9 and 10 batteries was improved ; 1,100 sandbags were filled
60 men, 2 re' 100 „
180 „
50
40
130
40
1855.
April 28, Bay.
S A.M. to 4i P.M.
Work iso Party.
Line . . . . | Sappers . . . Officer oh duty
1st relief, 310 men.
2d relief, 310 „
30 men.
Lieut. Murray, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
One hundred men in left advanced trenches improving them by deepening and widening the trenches, thickening the parapets, and making a banquette ; 60 in the central advanced trench i improving the cover and draining ; 100 at No. 13 battery, thickening the parapet and completing the “ parados ” and the traverses on the left ; 10 at No. 12 battery, assisting the carpenters in laying platforms, &c. ; 10 in the left communication to the second parallel, completing a traverse ; 30 in the 21-gun battery, repairing the traverses, throwing earth on the magazines, &c. A battery at the foot of the hill on our left of the Malakoflf Tower, but on our right of the ravine between it and the Redan, fired frequently with effect on our advanced trenches both on the left and right.
Sergeant Castledine, Royal Sappers and Miners, was grazed on the hand by a bullet when in the

174
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
in No. 8 battery, and the half merlon of No. 5 gun, No. 8 battery, was increased by three feet. In No. 9 100 sandbags were filled. The passage to the powder- magazine in the centre of the second parallel is large enough for powder boxes. The men worked very well; those employed in filling sandbags were tasked at 25 bags each man. Two men of the 50th Regiment covering party were killed, one in the caves, and the other in the advance post, by round shot.
Right Attack.
extended parallel to the right of the mortar battery, No. 8.
There were no artillery men detailed for the field guns near those extended, to check the fire of the Russian riflemen.
I wish to mention that Corporal Landrey, 1st Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, showed himself particularly zealous and intelligent.
lass.
April 24, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sailors . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on data £
1st relief, 500 men.
2d relief, 200 „
60 men.
48 „
Capt. Porter, R.E. Lieut. Seville, 11.11.
1855.
April 24, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
280 men.
36 „
'Lt. Ki.piiinstone, 11.K. Lieut. Drake, R.E. Lieut. Anderson, 9Ctli . Regt.
No. 10 battery, 100 men employed each relief, completing thickening of parapet, especially in front of magazine, and making communication from epaul- ment to second parallel. Rifle-pits f in advance of second parallel, 100 men employed till 2 a.m. in thickening parapets with sandbags. The cover is much improved, but they will require a good night’s work more.
No. 9 battery, 50 men worked till 2 a.m. improving cover at right of battery and thickening parapet from front.
32-pounder 1-gun battery, No. 14, new epaulment finished 8 feet high, making now a solid traverse nearly 30 feet thick. Parapet in front of gun much thickened, and battery altogether rendered much more secure. The miners worked hard all night, blasting, to lower the platform, which is nearly done, and the platform will be laid in the course of the day, 100 men employed both reliefs. No. 8 battery, 50 men employed till 2 a.m. lowering soles of embrasures of 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 guns ; covering in passage to right magazine, and thickening epaulment at right where shot penetrated. Work completed.
Advanced post, 50 men at work till 2 a.m. improving communication to caves and fixing gabions. Cover is much improved for the first half of the communication. 50 men employed till 2 a.m. in first parallel repairing embrasures, parapets, &c.
Sixty sailors employed making trench of communication from left of fourth batteiy to left of second parallel.
21-gun battery, a working party of 80 men with 2 brigades of Sappers employed repairing generally embrasures and magazines. The line of fire of two of the former was altered, so as to fire upon the left instead of right face of Redan.
Sandbag (or No. 13) battery, a traverse between the two centre guns was commenced, and carried to a height of 4 feet 6 inches ; the traverse in front of magazino nearly completed ; working party consisted of 40 men and half brigade of Sappers.
A new gun platform was laid down into No. 12 mortar battery, by half brigade of Sappers.
Right advance, the parapet of new trench along the rifle-pits a was raised and thickened, and proper loop-holes erected along the whole of its length ; the drains in the communication to the pit were completed. Working party, 30 men and half brigade Sappers.
Left advance, the cover of advanced trench was increased and parapet thickened ; it is very good now along the whole of its extent ; the extreme lodgment on the left was strengthened, and parapet continued on to a circular form, so as to afford flank cover.
I advanced to the right from the rifle-pit e, placing ten gabions on the intended line of boyau and six as a return. Very good cover has been obtained, quite sufficient to enable men to work in it during the daytime.
The Russian fire both of shells and volleys of musketry considerably retarded the progress of the work,'and obliged me twice to cease working along

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
175
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
A heavy musketry fire was commenced on the French Left attack at about 7.30 r.M., which was kept up with great force till 9 i\ji., when it slackened somewhat, hut continued more or less violent all night. It was very severe at about 3 a.ii. ; the object and results could not be seen from Left attack.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind (light).
1855.
April 25, Day.
8£ A.M. to 5^ P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Cist relief, 200 men. (2d relief, 116 „
15 men.
Capt. Penn, R.A.
the advanced works. The clear moonlight night was very unfavourable ; I, however, succeeded in accomplishing my object. A detachment constituting a portion of the working party worked remarkably slowly and unwillingly.
A Russian working party was very busily employed the whole night in the quarries in front of the Redan, and in deepening the trench joining the quarries to one of their rifle-pits.
Day fine. Wind (light) S.
Which will get worse eveiy night until they are taken.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lt.-Col., R.E.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Working Partt.
Line .... 210 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
™ $ Capt. Browne, R.E.
Officers on duty (Lieut. Pratt, R.E.
1855.
April 25, Day.
8i A.M. to si P.M.
1st relief.
No. 10 batteiy, 8 carpenters and 8 men preparing ground to lay platforms ; 1 Sapper and 6 men in making traverse to protect magazine ; 10 men making banquette and improving cover from first boyau to No. 10 battery ; 10 men deepening loft communication from second parallel to No. 10 battery, and heightening cover ; 32-pounder gun on right of No. 8 batteiy, 3 miners and 6 men preparing ground to lay platforms ; 1 Sapper and 10 men making revetment on right of No. 9 battery ; 2 Sappers and 150 men making road to proposed battery, completed as far as safety to working party permitted, and filled about 400 sandbags ; 155 sandbags filled on right of No. 8 battery.
2d relief.
No. 10 battery, 3 carpenters and 12 men preparing to lay three platforms ; 8 men deepening left communication ; 10 men making traverse between 2 and 3 new gun portions ; 20 filling sandbags on right and in rear of battery, 500 filled. 32-pounder gun right of No. 8 batteiy, 3 carpenters, 3 miners, and 10 men preparing ground for platform, which is finished and laid ; 1 Sapper and 16 men completing revetment on right of No. 9 battery, second parallel ; 2 Sappers and 20 men making traverse, nearly completed ; 20 men fetching sandbags from Cavalry Picquet, and carrying to end of road to proposed battery ; 71 men filling sandbags, 1,500 filled.
Sappers employed generally superintending, and laying platforms in 21-guu batteiy.
Working party of the Line employed as follows :—
21-gun battery, 40 men repairing magazines, traverses, 8cc.
Sandbag batteiy, No. 13, 40 men increasing the parapets, finishing traverse in front of magazine.
Left advance sap, 100 men improving cover of parallel in rear of captured rifle-pit e.
Communication to rifle-pit a on the right, 40 men employed improving cover and removing rock.l
The work was satisfactory, and no casualties reported in the working party.
One man of the covering party was killed, and one wounded in the captured screen e, by a round shot coming through the parapet.
The liurter with fighting bolt for No. 23 gun, 21-gun battery, did not arrive.

176
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
WOEKI-VG PASTY.
Wobeiyg Pasty-.
1855.
April 25, Might.
8 P.M. to 4 A M.
Line . . . * Sappers . . . Officers on duty
} 1st relief, 493 men. j 2d relief, 110 „
24 men.
f Capt. Belsoy, Ii.E.
(. Lieut. Donseley, R.E.
1855.
April 25, Might.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Line .... 300 men.
Sajrpers ... 38 „
("Capt. Staytox, R.E. Officers on duty '] Lieut. James, R.E.
(.Lieut. Lowey, R.E.
The parapet on the right of No. 1 mortar battery was revetted anew to a great extent, and raised. In No. 10 battery an alteration was made in the parapet so as to strengthen the projecting traverse protecting the magazine ; the magazine itself was thickened from the outside; a gun platform was laid, and the ground prepared for another. The parapet of what is at present No. 2 gun portion was raised considerably. The rifle-screens f in front of the right of the second parallel ivere continued, and now all the four give tolerable cover, but the soil is so rocky that as much yvus not done as would otherwise have been the case. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 boyaux were cleared and improved ; additional traverses were formed to defilade the trench leading to the caves in front of No. 7 battery ; the right rifle-screen (d) had a banquette made in it ; the revetment of No. 8 battery was raised, and a traverse or small portion of one commenced to prevent the enemy seeing No. 3 magazine.
The communication leading to the 1-gun battery, No. 14, to act on the Quarry, &c., was cleared ; the left cheek of the embrasure was raised, and the flank or shoulder to protect the gun from the fire of the Redan carried further forward. I have reason to believe that the enemy is converting the Quarry into a battery, and that they •will have one gun or perhaps more bearing upon our 1-gun battery, but I cannot speak positively on this head, as the embrasures, if there are any, are very well masked.
A working party of the Naval Brigade, 65 men in each relief, worked at the communication from the first to the second parallel. I applied for a working party of 200 men in the second relief, and the field officer promised I should have them, but I only got the number I have stated.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Working parties were employed in the 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures and thickening the parapet; in the advanced trenches on the left, improving the cover, making up the banquette, and making loop-holes ; in the rifle-pit a on the right, and the lodgment near it, improving the cover, &c., and commencing a battery, No. 14, for five guns between the 8-gun battery and No. 13. Four brigades of Sappers were divided about the Yvorks, and employed repairing the revetments, making loop-holes, and superintending.
One brigade of carpenters relaying platforms in the 21-gun battery.
In the new battery, No. 14, 126 feet of gabion revetment was completed, and the ground excavated in rear to about half the required width, and the work throughout was generally satisfactory. The enemy kept up a harassing fire on the advanced trenches, and I am informed pushed forward working parties twice during the night, apparently with the object of constructing new rifle-scree us on our lefl front, but were forced to retire without accomplishing their object.
Day veiy fine. Wind (light) N. 1
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and file.
Day fine.
Wind (light) N.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
177
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 26, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 F.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Seamen . . .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 250 men. 2d relief, 193 „
38 men.
17 „
Lieut. Carter, R.E.
One sergeant and two privates Royal Sappers and Miners and 204 men of the Line filled 4,550 sandbags on the left of second parallel; one Sapper and ten men making traverse to shelter entrance of No. 3 magazine No. 8 battery ; one corporal Sappers and 20 men heightening advance trench on left of No. 8 battery ; one corporal, five Sappers, and ten men laying platforms for No. 2 gun No. 10 battery, and preparing terrepleine for No. 1 platform ; one corporal Sappers and three men heightening parallel between the boyaux and No. 10 battery ; one Sapper and ten men filled 200 sandbags, revetting with them the traverse on left centre of second parallel.
Second Relief.
Three sergeants and 80 men of the Line and one sergeant and private Royal Sappers and Miners filled 2,000 sandbags on the left of second parallel ; one Sapper and ten men converting two caves into powder magazines on the left and in advance of second parallel ; OHO sergeant ami 20 men carrying sandbags from left of second parallel towards proposed site of new battery ; one corporal Sappers and 70 men filled 1,650 sandbags in rear of No. 10 battery ; one Sapper and four men at traverse in second parallel ; one corporal, five Sappers, and four men laying platforms in No. 10 battery; eight Sappers clearing up at No. 10 battery. During the day 8,200 sandbags were filled.
The platforms in No. 10 battery are completed, except for No. 1 gun, the laying of which has been commenced. One officer and 38 men of the Naval Brigade were employed making a communication between the first and second parallels.
April 26, Night.
8 F.M. to 4 A.M.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 500 men.
* * (.2drelief, 134 „
. . 21 men.
Capt. Hassard, R.E. Capt. Chapman, 20th . Regiment.
First parallel, No. 1 battery, Nos. 4 and 5 embrasures were blinded, and the sill cut down to the level of the platform, in order to allow the bollards for two 10-inch guns on naval slide to be fixed during the day.
Working Partt.
1st relief, 210 men.
2d relief, 210 „
32 men.
« —. w „ a (Capt. De Moleyns,
Officers on duty ■< R.E.
(.Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
The Sappers were employed as follows :—
One brigade in 21-gun battery, repairing magazines ; one and a half brigades left advance sap, making good cover ; half brigade between Nos. 12 and 13 batteries, filling sandbags, completing traverse, &c. ; two brigades of carpenters employed in general repairs of platforms.
The Line were employed, both reliefs, as follows :—
Thirty men repairs of 21-gun battery ; 20 men completing traverse, No. 13 battery ; 60 men excavating in rear of and filling sandbags for No. 12 battery ; 100 men improving cover in left advance sap.
The working parties worked very well, but were much annoyed by the enemy’s shells ; in the left sap they were annoyed by a gun to the right of the round tower.
I regret to state there were five casualties among the Sappers. No. 9 magazine, 21-gun battery, was crushed in by a mortar shell bursting on the roof, but the powder was not exploded. The magazine man was suffocated.
1855.
April 26, Day.
K i v (nil
Line . . Sappers .
April 26, Night.
8 r.M. to 44 a.m.
Working Party.
Ti-* f 1st relief, 300 men.
^ne .... 12d relief, 40 „
Sappers ... 34 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Murray, R.E.
In the first relief, from 8 p.m. till 2 a.m., 300 men men were employed.
One brigade Sappers and 30 men in the left advanced trenches improving the cover, &c. ; on the right, ten gabions were placed in continuation, and six
7 .

178
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
A considerable number of bales of sandbags and gabions brought to park from the ravine and from Greenliill.
Second parallel, 1,600 sandbags filled ready for No. 11 battery; No. 10 battery, merlons thickened, four embrasures partially opened, and platform for No. 1 gun laid, and excavation for magazine No. 2 carried on ; third parallel, epaulment on right for 32-pouuder increased much, and trench extended to the right; parapet heightened at No. 2 gun, and parallel cleared as much as possible ; communication to advanced post improved and also to caves, under superintendence of Capt. Chapman, 20th Regiment; four rifle-pits f on right of second parallel parapet thickened, and two embrasures at Picquet house rebuilt.
The Russians fired on the working parties several times during the night.
Two 8-inch guns were taken out of No. 10 battery.
(Signed) G. B.
Killed, 3 rank and file. "Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind flight) S.E.
Right Attack.
as a return. There was some firing, but no casualty among the working parties.
One brigade Sappers and 100 men at No. 14 battery, inside and out, increasing the parapet ; four carpenters and ten men at the general officer’s hut, near No. 9 battery ; the remainder in the 21-gun battery, repairing parapets, &c., with 14 Sappers.
From 21 to 4^ a.m. 40 men were employed in the 21-gun battery, completing the repairs and alterations.
Killed, 1 rank and file. "Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.E.
"WORKING PARTY.
*®55. fist relief, 282 men.
April 27, Day. • • • * { 2d relief, 311 „
5 A.M. to 5 p.m. Sappers ... 11 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
1855.
April 27, Day.
5 A.M. to 5 r.M.
"Working Party.
Line .... 210 men.
Sappers ... 38 .,
Officer on duty Lt. Elpiijnstone, R.K.
First Relief.
First parallel, 22 men filling sandbags in rear of No. 3 battery, 550 filled.
Second parallel, 97 men filling sandbags for mortar battery and No. 11 battery, 2,425 filled.
No. 10 batteiy, clearing out terrepleine, strengthening left epaulment, revetting traverse and parapet; on right, improved communication ; advanced trench, revetted parapet on left of No. 8 battery, improved communication to No. 7 batteiy and epaulment of the 1-gun battery, No. 14; Picquet house battery, building wall in rear of the cave magazine, with door, frame, and lintel, completed. Second relief, carrying stones ; 12 men brought up in cart one traversing slide gun platform for No. 1 battery, with bollards and fighting bolts ; as the latter were found too big, they will require to be altered. The platform were not laid
21-gun battery, repairing platforms and altering to admit of a slide being placed upon them ; three brigades of carpenters repairing embrasures and altering the line of fire of Nos. 15, 17, and 18 upon the left face of Redan ; one brigade Sappers and 30 men No. 14 battery ; half brigade of Sappers and 40 men continued its construction.
The parapet not yet sufficiently thick to resist a round shot, which was proved by the enemy’s firing this day ; no material damage was however done. The hut for the general officer for the trenches continued and completed. The enemy’s rifle fire proved troublesome to the men engaged in its construction. Party employed, half brigade of Sappers and ten men. Two Sappers and 10 men employed in clearing and constructing drains in second parallel and advanced trenches. A party of the Line of one non-commissioned officer and ten men were employed carrying

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
179
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
down to-day, but tlie old Madras platforms in their place were taken up and the ground levelled.
lime, and throwing it over the latrines in the advanced trenches.
Second Relief.
First parallel, 16 men filled 400 sandbags in rear of No. 4 battery ; second parallel, 100 men as before ; advanced trench, 75 men as before ; small traverses to protect left of 1 and 2 magazines laid out in No. 8 ; a traverse 12 feet thick and 18 feet long laid out on right of gun in this 1-gun battery, No. 14. Two round shot came through the epaulment on left of 1-gun battery, No. 14. No. 10 battery, as before, carrying stones ; 12 men brought up the other slide traversing gun platform.
The 9-pounder battery is at present unused, and I am therefore not surprised that the enemy’s riflemen take advantage of it
(Signed) R T.
Left advance, one brigade of Sappers and 100 men of the Line employed improving cover along the advanced trench and to the right of the Russians’ rifle-pit e, which had been commenced a few nights ago.
The upper magazine in the Coehorn battery, No. 7, was still full of powder.
The enemy has constructed a loop-holed rifle-pit m in the valley at the head of the Dockyard creek, and in front, of several piles of shot ; the pit proved very troublesome to the men in the left advanced lodgment of the left advance. The enemy had a large working party employed on the “ Black” battery, which (seen from the 21-gun battery) lies between the Mamelon and the tower, and some distance in rear of them ; they apparently were constructing new embrasures.
Submitted that this mngozino bo ompticd, and placed at the disposal of the general of the trenches, if he prefers it to the one at present constructing.
(Signed) R Tyldex,
Lt.-Col. RE.
1855.
April 27, Night. 8 i’.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
,. fist relief, 500 men.
Line .... £ 2d relief, 210 „ Sailors ... 50 men.
Sappers ... 35 „
own.™, „„ 1 Capt. Porter, E.E.
Officers on duty | (Jordon, it.E.
Three hundred men first relief, and 210 men second relief, and 50 sailors, from 1 a.m. to 4 a.m. were employed in commencing new battery, No. 11. The total length of parapet is 256 feet, which was entirely raised during the night to a height of six feet, The two right gun portions and epaulment, which are made as a half sunken battery, are entirely revetted with sandbags, and the thickness of parapet is from 10 to 12 feet. The remaining five gun portions and left epaulment are made as an elevated battery, revetted partly with casks and partly with gabion, the average thickness varying from nine to seven feet. The ground is very'unfavourable throughout the entire front, but is better in rear at the right. The
Working Party.
Line .... 300 men.
Sappers ... 40 „
Officer on duty { Li ^ t g >™ t EE80S ’ 96411
Sappers employed generally superintending and laying platforms.
Working party of the Line employed as follows :_
21-gun battery, 50 men and one brigade Sappers were employed renewing the merlons between No. 18 and No. 20 guns, altering direction of these embrasures, also of No. 17 gun ; two brigades carpenters laying platforms ; new 5-gun battery, No. 14, 100 men and half brigade Sappers forming parapet; left advance sap, 150 men and half brigade of Sappers improving cover, and making defensible, with double sandbag loop-holes, the captured rifle-screen e, and communication to it, also parallel in rear of it. I placed some men in advance, but the night being so light within the first quarter of an hour two of them were
z 2
1855.
April 27, Night.
5 P.M. to 5} A.M.

180
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
traverses nre marked out with sandbags, but not raised.
On battery No. 14, right of No. 8, epaulment thickened and increased to the front to screen from the Redan ; traverse raised about four feet ; two right gun portions, parapet is much thickened; ramp formed for bringing in guns ; trench leading to No. 8, parapet thickened ; No. 10 battery, parapet thickened near magazine, also at three right gun portions, also the traverse ; excavation finished for magazine. All quiet throughout the night.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.E.
1855.
April 28, Day.
5 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sailors . . .
i Sappers . . .
I Officer on duty
1st relief, 250 men.
2d relief, 270 ,,
30 men.
13 men.
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
The traverse on the right of No. 8 battery was raised, and the parapet thickened, by throwing earth from the stage ; the traverse at No. 3 magazine was heightened, and the parapet thickened and raised between Nos. 7 and 8 batteries. In No. 10 battery the parapet on the, epaulment on the left was raised and thickened. The roadway to the third parallel was cleared, and holes filled up. The parapet at Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns was raised, and the right traverse laid out, and built up with sandbags and stones to a height of three feet; magazine deepened, and splinter proofs cut.
A place for tools excavated on the left of No. 10 battery ; traverse in second parallel completed ; 3,812 sandbags filled close to No. 11 battery, and 1,431 brought up from the rear. The platform, No. 1 battery, was raised, and bolt fixed. The detachment of rifles worked very well.
wounded, and I withdrew them. The enemy threw some shells into our advanced works, and at the battery No. 14, but without doing any damnge. The general’s house was improved.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.E.
1855.
April ZB, Bay.
8i A.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 150 men 12d relief, 150 „ 32 men.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on duty
Working parties were employed in the 21-guu battery, renewing the revetment of the merlons, and the cheeks of the embrasures, clearing away in the interior of battery No. 14, and thickening the parapet, covering the roof of the general’s quarters, repairing shot holes in the parapet generally, and making up the banquettes in the advanced trenches on the left.
The Sappers were divided generally about the works, though employed chiefly at the revetments. The carpenters were relaying platforms in the 21-guu battery.
The enemy had large working parties employed on the north side of the harbour at different batteries.
April 28, NTgbt.
8 P.M. to 4 a.m.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officers on duty (
1st relief, 500 men. 2d relief, 172 „
22 men.
Capt. Belson, R.E. Capt Penn, It.A.
Working Party.
, Line .... 300 men.
April 28, Night. | Sappers ... 40 men.
5 p.m. to 5 a.m. (Capt. Dr Moieynb,
i Officers on duty ■< K.E.
I l Lieut. James, E.E.
Working parties were employed as follows :
In No. 1 battery, Nos. 3 and 4 embrasures were filled in solid. No. 8 battery, the traverse to protect No. 3 magazine was filled in with earth; the parapet and traverse of the flank gun to the right of No. 8 were raised, revetted, and thickened. A party was employed in the epaulment outside the battery, but
The Sappers were employed as follows :
One and a half brigades thickening and improving left advance sap.
One brigade, No. 14 battery, thickening parapet ; one and a half brigades, 21-gun battery, general repairs to embrasures, merlons, &e.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
181
Left Attack.
was withdrawn by the officer in charge on account of the Russians firing on it from the Redan and Barrack batteries. In No. 10 battery, the parapet in front of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns was thickened, the two left embrasures were revetted with gabions, fascines, and sandbags, and the soles brought to a proper level for the guns mounted. In No. 11 battery, the cheeks of the embrasures were revetted with iron gabions in place of the existing sandbags. All the sandbags near the battery were emptied on the outside of the parapet.
The captain of the Line in command of the working party at this battery, during my absence for a few minutes at No. 10 battery, withdrew the men, saying it was two o’clock, but it was barely one o’clock, and
a working party of the-regiment, who I got in
their place, came without any serjeants in charge, and I had a good deal of trouble in getting the men to work.
P.S. In the course of the night I observed the explosion of either a mine or magazine, apparently in the Flagstaff battery.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 7 rank and file.
Day cloudy ; showers in the morning. Wind S.W.
Right Attack.
Two brigades of carpenters were employed in general repairs to platforms.
The Line were employed,
140 in left advance sap ;
100 in No. 14 battery, thickening parapet ;
60 in the 21-gun battery, general repairs.
The working parties worked well, but in No. 14 battery, and in the Left advance, in the position fixed on for the field gun G., the ground proved to be so unfavourable (a bed of rock) that but small progress could be made.
The supply of baskets for carrying earth (12 in all) is quite insufficient.
The working parties were not much annoyed by the enemy, except in the advance, where the Russian rifle-pit obliged us to carry on our work with great caution.
No casualties came under my notice.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day cloudy ; showers in the morning. Wind, S.W.
1855.
April 29, Day.
S A.M. to 1 F.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . (
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 300 men.
17 men.
Lieut. Donelly, R.E.
The following parties were employed as reliefs from 8 a.m. to 12 noon, and from 1 i\m. to 5 r.M. :
Thirty men were employed converting Nos. 3 and 4 gun portions of No. 1 battery into one gun portion for a 10-inch gun on sliding platform directed on the Barrack battery ; the platform was laid ; 10 men were employed in No. 4 battery relaying No. 1 platform ; 32 men were employed at the 32-pounder battery, No. 14, on the right of No. 8 battery, thickening the epaulment and two right gun portions, and improving the communication to No. 8 battery ; 60 men were employed in No. 10 battery, thickening the parapet of the right gun portions, excavating for magazine on the right, and making traverse for the same ; five men were employed on the road from the left of No. 10 battery to the front ; 70 men were employed in the No. 11 battery, making traverses and lowering the terrepleines ; 95 men were employed from 1 f.m. to
1855.
April 29, Day.
5 A.M. to 5 F.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . .
Officer on duty
200 men.
38 men.
C Lieut. Elphinstone, i K.E.
21-gun battery, one brigade Sappers and 40 men employed repairing embrasures 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 14, and traverses ; another twelve hours’ work should complete the whole of the revetments of this battery ; two brigades carpenters employed until 12 o’clock repairing platforms.
No. 14 battery, one brigade Sappers and 40 men continued its construction.
The revetment is about half completed, and about three quarters of the earth of the parapet has been excavated ; the soil is very rocky and difficult. One brigade of carpenters commenced laying one of the platforms.
One Sapper and 10 men erected a small traverse in front of the hut lately constructed for the general officer of the trenches, so as to prevent any enfilading fire in that direction.

182
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
5 p.m. making a mortar battery, No. 12, on the right of No. 9 battery, thickening the parapet, levelling terrepleine, making two traverses and two shell rooms.
The Sappers were employed in superintending working parties, and blasting in communication to second parallel ; the carpenters in laying platforms.
Right Attack.
Left advance, one brigade Sappers and 80 men continued to increase the cover. On the extreme left of the second boyau a small emplacement for a field gun was commenced, and the interior slope properly revetted, and embrasure partially made, but not opened.
One Sapper and 20 men clearing drains and making new ones. A fatigue party of 10 men employed clearing latrines.
The Russians have been unusually quiet this day. They did not fire more than half a dozen cannon shot during the whole day, and no mortar shells whatever.
April 29, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Line
Woeking Party.
fist relief,S00 men.
' • (.2d relief, 120 „
Sappers . . . 14 men.
__ . f Capt. HassARD, 3LE.
Officers on duty | L; eu C Cartes, E.E.
April 29, Night.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Wobkikg Party,
Line . . Sappers .
Officers on
300 men.
32 men.
Lieut. Graves, R.E. Lieut. Pbatt, R.E.
First parallel, No. 1 battery, No. 4 gun, platform for 10-inch gun on naval slide completed, and ropes to check recoil placed round bollards ; revetment raised one gabion, and well filled in from front.
Slide placed on No. 5 gun portion ; three Sappers and 40 men, No. 4 battery, Alderson’s platform, No. 7 gun, completed ; No. 9 battery, 40 men and one Sapper employed backing sandbag revetment on left of No. 4 gun, with earth carried from front ; No. 10 battery, 100 men under Lieut. Carter, R.E., thickening 1, 2, and 3 gun portions, and raising traverse, and forming road on left for passage of guns ; No. 11 battery continued by heightening revetment three courses of bags on the right, 48 men carrying bags from second parallel; 53 employed filling bags, filled 1,325 ; remainder, 149, digging and throwing up both in front and rear ; the ground is very hard ; No. 8 traverse to No. 3 magazine carried on ; requires three courses to complete it; communication to flank gun improved ; epaulment of flank gun thickened, also trench on the right of it, 70 men under Lieut. Carter, R.E.; No. 7 battery, four men improving cover to advanced post where shot had come through.
21-gun battery, repairs to merlons and alterations to lines of fire Nos. 6 and 7 guns, one brigade Sappers, one brigade carpenters, and 60 men of the Line. No. 14 battery, thickening the parapet, half brigade Sappers, half brigade carpenters, and 120 men of the Line. Right communication with French, repairing and strengthening parapets, half brigade Sappers and 60 men of the Line. Left advance, gabions already placed to form parapet, and traverses were filled, and before leaving off - work gabions were placed for a further continuance (not filled), one brigade Sappers and 60 men of the Lino.
The working parties worked in a most satisfactory manner.
N.B. The enemy fire on all the working parties, but the only casualties were in No. 14 battery, two men wounded.
The fire on the left advance was in occasional volleys of musketry from the Russian trench immediately in front of this work.
Wounded, 15 rank and file.
Day cloudy and showery. Wind S.W.
Day cloudy and showery. Wind S.W.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
183
Left Attack,
1855.
April 30, Say.
8 A.M. tO 3 PJt.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Working Party.
< 1st relief, S3ft men.
• • 12d relief, 330 „
. - 16 men.
( Capt. Chapman, 20th l Kegt.
1st relief.
Thirty men in No. 1 batteiy rebuilding traverse, revetting and rebuilding embrasure of No. 3 gun, preparing embrasures for breeching in No. 4 gun ; 100 men in the new mortar battery, No. 12, second parallel, building interior revetments, magazines, and traverses, thickening and heightening parapet ; 50 men in No. 8 battery, heightening and thickening the left epaulment for the 32-pounder ; heightening traverse, deepening trench, and increasing cover on the extreme right, third parallel ; 50 meu in No. 10 battery, heightening and thickening epaulment ; on the left, excavating for a magazine, heightening and thickening merlons and traverses ; 20 men in No. 11 battery, excavating for terrepleines ; 50 men filling and carrying sandbags and heightening traverses ; 30 men carrying platforms and sandbags.
The second relief, of the same number, were employed in a similar manner.
No casualties occurred to any of the working parties.
Six carpenters (Sappers) were employed in repairing platforms in Nos. 1 and 3 batteries, and laying platforms in No. 11. Sergeant Jervois and eight Sappers were employed in different parts superintending the works.
N.B.—Some of the troops have much injured the sandbags in the traverse opposite the mouth of the caves, by practising with ball-cartridge at a bottle placed on the top.
Note by Commander of Royal Engineers.
Great inconvenience has been experienced lately on many occasions by the general officer on duty having taken upon himself to refuse giving the number of men detailed for the midnight relief, giving as a reason that the men were overworked by other duties. On one occasion the completion of a battery was delayed 48 hours, and so with many other works.
It appears that the relief was ordered to be furnished by the guard of the trenches, as a relief to the men in camp. Such an arrangement, except under the circumstances of the sickness of the troops, could not be permitted, as it is impossible for the engineers to know what work can be executed without being certain of the number of the working party.
H. D. Jones.
Right Attack.
1855.
April 30, Say.
8i A.M. to ik P.M.
Working Party. . . 160 men.
32
Line . . .
Sappers . ,
Officers on auty
Sappers employed generally superintending, laying and altering platforms.
Working party of the Line employed as follows :
21-gun battery, 40 men and one brigade of Sappers repairing and altering embrasures, merlons, &c. No. 14 battery, 40 men from 8£ to 12-J-, and 60 from 1£ to 5^, and one brigade Sappers, employed making parapet and traverses.
Left advanced sap, 40 men and half brigade Sappers improving cover in rifle-pit i, and trench in rear, also in sap in advance of rifle-pit a, communication on the right with the French. 40 men and half brigade Sappers improving cover and making defensible. The work was satisfactory.
Many of the gabions in the left advanced sap have been destroyed by the guard of the trenches for fuel.

184
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
April 30, Night.
8 P.M. to 4.15 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 270 men.
2d relief, 200 „
25 men.
Capt. Abmit, R.E. Lieut. Gbah am, R.E.
1st relief.
Twenty men (volunteers) employed at No. 3 gun portion, No. 1 battery, thickening merlon. This party worked all night till 4 a.m. 270 men in No. 11 battery, thickening parapet, building traverses, carrying sandbags, &c. One platform laid complete.
2d relief.
Two hundred men employed in No. 11 as before.
The fourth division did not supply any working party, so we were 230 men short. One casualty.
Wounded, 4 rank and flic.
Naval Brigade, from 16th to 30th Killed, 2 seamen.
Wounded, 11 seamen.
Day cloudy and showery. Wind S.W.
Eight Attack.
1855.
April 30, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 300 men.
Sappers ... 32 .,
( Capt. Stanton, R.E. Officers on duty ■< Lieut.lSnEEHY, 64th (. Rcgt.
Working parties were employed in the 21-gun battery, repairing revetments of merlons and embrasures, and making roads into the battery.
In No. 14 battery, excavating in rear and thickening the parapet, and in the advanced parallel making up loopholes and improving the cover near the junction with the French on the right.
The Sappers were employed at the revetments, and superintending. The carpenters relayed two platforms in the 21-gun battery.
Nothing extraordinary occurred during the night on our front, but there was some heavy firing about the Flagstaff battery.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day cloudy and showery. Wind S.W.
Notes from Look-out Station.
April 22. No movement lias been observed in the enemy’s lines ; they appear to have been repairing the abattis in front of the Malakoff, and in excavating a trench in front and to their left of the Mamelon towards the creek ; the object of which not obvious. A sharp musketry firing to our left during the night.
April 23. No movement observable on the other side of the harbour.
There has been a continued sharp musketry fire kept up during the night by the French and Russians ; little fire on our part.
The enemy appears to have been occupied in repairing his works ; Garden battery nearly completed.
April 24. About 2,000 men were seen yesterday to have passed into the town from the eastward in detachments of 300 and 400 men each.
Little firing on our front during the night, but a sharp fire from the French trenches.
The Russians have constructed three large and formidable looking rifle-pits on the right face of the Bastion du Mat in front of the French, and are firing from them this morning.
April 25. Nothing particular observed yesterday. This morning about 120 carts were seen coming into the town.
A very heavy fire of musketry took place in front of the Bastion du Mat about half past eight last night, and continued without intermission until midnight.
The rifle-pits erected the previous night appear to be a good deal knocked about and disturbed ; two additional pits have been erected en echelon to the rear.
April 26. The enemy seem to have been making some attempts to repair the damage done to the “ Ouvrages Blancs/’ towards Inkerman, and appear to be throwing back its right flank, in which tliereis already the appearance of three embrasures pointing towards our works.
There has been a good deal of work going on at the rifle-screens in advance of the Bastion du Mat.
There has been a good deal of desultory firing going on throughout night, notwithstanding the thick fog. A sharp rattle of musketry accompanied by field guns took place in front of our attack about 11 o’clock. This was brought on by an attempt by some men from our trenches endeavouring to bring in some of the enemy’s gabions.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
185
1855. About 80 carts with gabions were seen to pass into the town yesterday from the eastward,
April 27. and 300 men came in carrying gabions. i
Three heavy guns or mortars were drawn from the dockyard into the rear of the Redan yesterday afternoon. They were drawn by 40 men each.
There has been but little firing during the night either of guns or mortars.
The Russian rifle-screens in front of the Bastion du Mat appear to be connected.
April 28. It is reported this morning that a body of from 4,000 to 5,000 men arrived in camp yesterday afternoon ; they came by the coach road from the northward, and were accompanied by 80 or 100 arabas.
This morning between 400 and 500 carts came in from the eastward, apparently with provisions.
There was a good deal of firing during the night on the French Left attack, both of artillery and musketry. Signals were made in the enemy’s camp until midnight; brilliant flashes of light without any report.
April 29. A large number of carts, estimated at about 700, were seen to arrive yesterday afternoon on the Balbec from the northward, and from 3,000 to 4,000 men left the town by the road leading to the post house.
A heavy gun was embarked yesterday on the north side in a large boat, and brought over to the town.
There was but little firing during the night. The enemy has been unusually quiet, but appears to have been very actively employed on his works ; those near the Bastion du Mat have been greatly strengthened, and begin to look very formidable.
A battery for six guns is now in course of formation on the left of the Mamelon, with a trench running down from it to the creek.
This morning about 40 arabas arrived.
April 30. No movement was observed yesterday on the north side.
This morning it is so thick that nothing can be distinctly seen.
All that has been observed is, that the Russians commenced and made some progress with a new battery near the Ouvragcs Blanc and towards its left.
. There has been a good deal of firing towards the left throughout the night, and more particularly towards morning ; little or none along our front.
GENERAL AFTER ORDER.
April 22 . Memo .—For the information and guidance of general officers commanding divisions and
brigades. '
On and after this night the guard of the trenches will be increased by 600 men in each attack.
This augmentation is to be considered strictly as a reserve in case of attack. It is to be stationed in the first parallel, and is not to be called upon to furnish working or other detached parties.
The reserve will return to camp at daybreak, at the discretion of the general officer of the day.
The remainder of the guard of the trenches will be disposed during the night in the second parallel and the advanced works ; by day it will be stationed as has been usual heretofore.
The general officer will establish himself with the guard more to the front than heretofore. The Royal Engineer department will provide a suitable post.
An officer of the Royal Artillery, with field pieces and Coehorns, will be in the trenches, to be used at discretion of the general officer. The general parade before daylight of the troops in camp, as directed in General Order No. 1 of 6tli April, will be discontinued, it beipg, however, clearly understood that the troops are ready to turn out if required.
a A

186
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
April 30. The commander of the forces lias the highest satisfaction in publishing to the army the copy of a despatch which he has received from the minister at war, conveying Her Majesty’s gracious approbation of the conduct of the troops engnged in the repulse of the enemy who attacked the trenches on the night of the 22d March.
(Signed) J. B. B. Estcolkt, A.G.
My Lord, War Department, 9th April 18oo.
I received on the morning of the 6th instant your lordship’s despatch of the 24tli ultimo, in which you report to me the attack which was made by the Russians on the entrenchments of the allied armies upon the night of the 22d.
I immediately laid this despatch before the Queen, and have received Her Majesty’s commands to express to your Lordship her admiration of the gallant conduct of her troops upon this as upon every former occasion.
Her Majesty desires me to express to your lordship, and through you to the troops under your command, the pride which she feels in the invariable gallantry displayed by them. The Queen deeply deplores that the repulse of the enemy was not effected without the loss of some gallant officers and men, whose devotion to their country’s honour neither she nor that country can ever forget.
I have the honour, &c.
Field Marshal (Signed) Panmuee.
The Lord Raglan, G.C.B.
&c. &c.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
185S. It is with much satisfaction that the major-general commanding received Lieut. CoL Tylden’s
April 23. report of the able manner in which on the night of the 19th instunt u lodgment was effected in the enemy’s rifle-pit immediately in front of the left advance, Right attack, under Captain Owen and Lieut. Baynes, R.E., whose zeal and gallantry were most conspicuous ; while the conduct of Colour Serjeant M‘Douald, Royal Sappers and Miners, on the same occasion, when, in consequence of the officers above named being severely wounded, he was left in charge of the working party, was not only highly creditable to that non-commissioned officer, but so distinguished as to attract the notice of the field officer commanding in the trenches ; and the major-general is glad to find the Sappers engaged exerted themselves with their accustomed energy.
April 25. Par. No. 3. The captain on duty in each attack will send a telegraphic message every morning at six o’clock to the major-general commanding ; the particulars of any occurrence worthy of note that may have happened the previous night, or a report that all was quiet, as the case may be ; to be worded as concisely as possible.
April 26. Par. No. 1. The directors of each attack are requested to give orders to all officers going duty by day in the trenches to furnish the major-general commanding with rough diagrams and sections of the various batteries and magazines, having all dimensions plainly figured, so that finished plans may be made from them at some future period. By assigning to each officer a specific work a valuable amount of information will be collected. Each sketch is to be forwarded to the major-general as soon as completed.
April 27. Par. No. 1. Attention is requested to the following points in regard to all batteries now in course of construction (if not too far advanced) or that may hereafter be ordered ; viz.
1. When a battery is to be armed with 8 or 10 inch guns, two only are to be placed in the space heretofore
allotted for three guns.
2. The height of the parapets should be at least eight feet, if it can be obtained without any very great
extra labour. The parapets to be much thicker than usual, in consequence of the heavy shot thrown from the enemy’s batteries.
3. The revetments of the cheeks of embrasures to be made with the hide sandbags or iron gabions.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
187
4. In the construction of the magazines, although they have resisted the effects of the shells which have
fallen upon them, an alteration in the general design appears desirable ; and whenever it can be done, and materials procured, the lean-to or triangular magazine will be found an excellent form, as less liable to injury from the enemy’s shells than the quadrangular frame.
5. Splinter-proofs should be placed in all the batteries, the timber leaning against the parapets or sides of
traverses ; these will afford great protection to the men working the guns, and shelter from sun or rain when not so employed.
6 . A great number of men having been wounded by the splinters of shells which have fallen and burst a
short distance in rear of the batteries, and by stones thrown up by them, parados traverses should be made so as to guard against such casualties. As these arc only required to be splinter proof, no great thickness will be necessary, nor should they be too long. Communications should be made so as to enable men to pass freely between them.
7. In every battery it is desirable that a convenient place should be made for a look-out man or for the
officer to observe the effect or direction of the shot or shell from his guns.
8. When sandbags are used, care must be taken to give sufficient slope to prevent them falling down by the
pressure of the earth behind them. In order to economize the expenditure of sandbags, application should be made to the commissariat for all the beef barrels they can spare, and they are to be used for revetments as much as possible.
9. All injuries to the parapets of parallels and approaches which may have been occasioned by the enemy’s
shot and shells should invariably be repaired during the following night, if it cannot, in consequence of the enemy’s fire, be performed during the day.
10. It appearing to be the practice to make banquettes generally along the parapets of the approaches and communications, such are not to be made except in those parts where a defensive position may be required. The banquette in many situations deprives persons passing along from obtaining the full cover which would otherwise be got from the parapet.
11. In making rifle pits or screens, loopholes are invariably to be made in the body of the parapet, and not, by sandbags on the top of it. The Russians always do so, and, as may daily be observed, with great advantage, there being no exposure of the head.
1855 . Para. No. 3. At the recommendation of the major-general commanding, his lordship the
April 28. field marshal has been pleased to approve of the appointment of Captain E. F. Bourchier, R.E., as major of brigade to the Royal Engineers serving with this army.
The appointment will date from 2d February 1855.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
Some unfinished rifle-pits, Left attack, having been injudiciously occupied, several men were in consequence killed. It was very unfortunate that these pits should have been manned so soon, as good cover could not readily be obtained.
The rocky nature of the ground preventing their completion in one night, the working party was therefore necessarily withdrawn in the morning. The officer of the rifles, not seeing any workmen, concluded that the pits were ready for occupation, advanced with his party, and took possession of them. The officer unfortunately did not report the exposed state of his men until a great number had been killed and wounded; the remainder were then withdrawn. Great blame was attempted very unjustly to be thrown upon the engineers for the loss of these men.
17. The result of the last few days firing appears to be that the enemy’s works have been very much injured, but still they are always prepared in the morning to reply with vigour, although not with so many guns as they did at the commencement of the fire.
They appear to man their lines strongly by night. At daybreak they are withdrawn, and retire into caves or excavations under ground, which have been made bomb-proof.
a a 2

188
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The Bastion du Mat, which appears to be a mass of ruins, has always one gun at least ready to fire. The fire of shells is not so great as it was.
Our works, notwithstanding the heavy rains, are in good order. Good night’s work performed in widening and deepening the rifle-pits.
On the 23d April a conference was held at head quarters, and the following is a copy of a memorandum prepared by General Jones, and handed to Lord Raglan with the proceedings of the conference.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 23d April 1855.
At a conference assembled at the hut of Major-General Harry D. Jones, Commanding Royal Engineer,
Present,
General Le Boeuf, > Artillery, General Beuret, J General Niel, a General Dalesmes, > Engineers,
French
Colonel Froissard, •’ Brigadier-General Dacres Artillery, Major-General Jones, Engineer,
English
The following paper was approved, and a copy of it to be sent to Lord Raglan and General Caurobert : —
Translation.
Opinion of the committee of the officers commanding the Royal Artillery and Engineers of the allied armies on the execution of the dispositions ordered by the commanders-in-chief on the 16tli instant.
1st. The assault against the place ought not to be put off longer than three or four days ; the advantage which the besiegers would reap by the delay with regard to their approaches would be more than counterbalanced by the advantage to the besieged by enabling him to repair his works.
The ammunition of the batteries will suffice for a vigorous fire of two days and a half before the assault, and to keep up any new batteries which might have to be established in the place, if it is to be approached inside pied a pied.
2d. The new English batteries are completed ; the one that was to be made in front of the T in the French attack is not completed ; but the committee is of opinion that if in three days it is not in a state to fire the assault should not be delayed on that account.
3rd. The White Works would be carried at the same time that the assault would be given.
4tli. The members consider that it is indispensable either to assault or to attack the positions of the enemy without delay.
The two armies are morally and physically in the best disposition.
The members are unanimous in thinking that whatever may be difficulties of the assault, it is better to try and overcome them than to allow the soldiers to remain inactive during a period of time which might last a month.
If, on the other hand, owing to circumstances of which they are not aware, the army could be in a condition to invest the place within ten days, the members would then not hesitate in saying that in that case the assault should be adjourned, for then it could be made under much more favourable circumstances.
If the assault be given without delay, the fire of the batteries ought to be re-opened with the greatest vigour the day after to-morrow, 25th April.
Field Marshal the Lord Raglan, &c. &c. Sic.
')
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineer.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
189
Memorandum handed to Lord Raglan with proceedings of the conference of this day.
Memo.
Head Quarters, Camp before Sebastopol, 23d April 18oo.
The paper which emanated from the conference composed of the artillery and engineer officers of the allied armies renders it desirable that the commander of the army should have the following points brought to his notice before giving any definite orders on the important subjects contained in that paper.
The result of the two attacks upon the enemy’s works by a cannonade and heavy vertical fire goes to show, that, however much the earthen works of the enemy may during the day have been damaged, and apparently silenced, still during the night the batteries have been repaired sufficiently to enable a fire of artillery to be opened the next day, thereby showing that no good will result from a continuation of the distant attacks by artillery.
The French approaches on the left, opposite the Garden batteries, being so close to the enemy’s works, it becomes necessary for them to advance and lodge themselves within them. This cannot be done until the Barrack battery shall be silenced. This is the most troublesome battery against which we have to contend, and from its position very difficult to silence. This, in conjunction with other batteries in the town, has done us much injury, and continues daily to cause great annoyance to our working parties ; the fire from other batteries is also very troublesome.
The English approaches against the Redan are now so far advanced that until the Mamelon shall be taken, and the fire of the Malakoff silenced, or nearly so, it would be highly imprudent to attempt a lodgment in the quarries in front of it, with a fire of artillery upon our flank.
The slow process of working up to the Mamelon will require some time ; immediate steps should be taken to gain possession of the Mamelon, and form a lodgment upon it. When this is done, we can then establish ourselves iu the quarries in front of the Redan. Even when such a position shall have been gained, the allied armies will still be outside of the enemy’s principal line of defence.
Under such a state of affairs the consideration is, what is best to be done, with a prospect of a speedy and successful issue, for every day suffered to pass by adds to the strength of the enemy’s interior defences, if not to his exterior line ; it therefore appears desirable that advances should be made against his defences with as little delay as practicable.
The artillery has only about 500 rounds per gun ; this will last about five days ; it is therefore important to consider what can be accomplished and effected in that time. After a great deal of consideration, an opinion was formed that the only mode that offered a prospect of speedy success was to make a general assault upon the principal and most important points of the enemy’s works ; if necessary, to form lodgments within them, should his interior defences appear to render an advance into the town unadvisable or impracticable. Such a forward movement -would place the allied armies in a much more advantageous position than at present. With the exception of the Malakoff, the enemy would have lost nil his commanding points ; he would be thrown back into the town, and much more exposed to our fire ; his movement would be very much impeded, and his communications between the two towns cut off. These are great advantages, and likely to be attained without much loss of life, probably less than might be sustained by the slow process of gradually working up by sap or mine.
The French are losing daily great numbers of men, not alone by the sorties which the enemy so constantly make upon them, but also from the vertical fire. We must also expect to suffer in proportion as we advance nearer the place.
Such being the state of affairs, the question to lie decided is, what operation, under all circumstances, will insure the object desired. As before stated, every day is a gain to the enemy and a loss to the allies.
The difficult nature of the ground to work in, the few resources to be found in the corner of the Crimea held by the allied armies, and judging by what has passed that the enemy will oppose our advance step by step, it becomes almost impossible to form any calculation of the time that would be required to work up by

190
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
sap to form a lodgment within the enemy’s lines ; it therefore appears that the greatest chance of speedy success is by assaulting the principal works simultaneously.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Field Marshal the Lord Raglan, Major-General,
he. he. he. Comdg. Royal Engineer.
A copy was furnished to Admiral Sir E. Lyons this day, 28th April 1855.
(Signed) H. D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineer.
On the 25th General Jones had a conference with General Niel upon the state of the siege and operations to be carried on, based upon the returns of ammunition and stores in hand. The assault was understood would take place as agreed upon at the conference on the 23d instant.
General Canrobert this day received a despatch from France which caused an alteration of a very important nature to be made in the proposed operations for assaulting the place. Every preparation had been made for re-opening a heavy fire upon the enemy’s works, but a communication from General Canrobert to Lord Raglan again stopped active operations. It is understood that on the arrival of the Sardinian contingent and a large body of French troops the place can then be completely invested.
The enemy continue to fire with great energy and extraordinary precision, throwing their shells into our batteries, doing great damage, and causing many casualties.
The Russians continue to work connecting their rifle pits and screens in our front, and will soon have a regular parallel against us ; they are also working in the quarries. A bridge across the inner harbour has been formed nearer the entrance, in place of the one which was damaged by the fire from some of the batteries. On the 30th instant the following general order was published : —
Head Quarters, Camp before Sebastopol, 29th April 1855.
In consequence of the fire from the French and English batteries having slackened for some days, the enemy lias taken advantage of that circumstance to improve and strengthen liis defences of the lines which had suffered by the cannonade, also by increasing the number of his rifle pits and screens, and by connecting them by lines of trenches, forming thereby regular parallels against our advanced works in a similar manner to what has taken place in advance of the Mamelon, and in front of the French parallel opposite that work. The Russians have large parties engaged in repairing the damage which the two redoubts on the Inkerman Heights had suffered from the tire of the French batteries. On our left of the Right attack the enemy had advanced a short distance up the Woronzoff Road, and constructed some rifle-screens. These are bold steps, and show a determination to make himself as strong as possible in front of his present exterior line of defence, and thereby creating another line in advance, which, if allowed to be strengthened, will cause much loss of life and trouble whenever an advance is ordered, and not only is there this difficulty rising up before us, and within a couple of hundred yards of our advanced parallels, but their proximity renders it most essential for the safety of our batteries that the trenches should be strongly guarded both by night and by day.
Every day that the re-opening of the fire is delayed so much time is taken advantage of by the enemy to strengthen himself, thereby requiring that something should be done to put an end to such an unsatisfactory and dangerous state of things. The only way in which this can be effected appears to be as follows :—
1st. That a general attack should be made upon the enemy’s works which are in front of his exterior line of defence from the Woronzoff Road on the left of the English Right attack to the right of the French works at Inkerman.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
191
All the rifle pits tuid screens should be levelled; a lodgment should be made by the French on the Mamelon, and the English in the Quarry on the salient of Redan ; these two points to be maintained by the troops of the two armies respectively.
If these attacks were made simultaneously the objects desired would be easily accomplished.
If the state of the redoubts on Inkerman Heights are so much injured as to render their capture easy, it is probable that the French commander-in-chief might deem it desirable to take possession of them at the same time with the other attacks, thereby distracting the enemy’s attention from the other points of attack, and affording material assistance to each other. It must not be overlooked that whatever new works the enemy constructs, and however much he may strengthen those in existence, they must all be captured before an assault can take place, therefore if these operations could be undertaken at once it would be a great step in advance, time would be gained, and occupation of an active kind would be given to the troops, instead of idly manning the trenches and expending ammunition uselessly ; because, however great the fire of musketry may be, it cannot prevent the enemy from throwing up works in the night. Many casualties occur every day from the fire of the enemy’s shells, and which will continue so long as the armies remain in their present positions.
Although the fire of our batteries has slackened, and we can do little in the way of advancing our attack, the enemy shows us that he is not idle ; and having such to contend against it behoves us to be on our guard against any powerful sortie that he may be disposed to make.
The only and best plan to prevent such an attempt being made were by anticipating and attacking works in the immediate front of the two armies.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineer.
Left Attack.
Rkiut Attack.
lass. Working Party.
Ml, 1 Line .... 584 men.
rfZ f’ 7, y ‘ Hoppers ... 2ft ,.
j a.m. to 5 P.M. Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
Laying platforms in No. 1 battery, 70 men in two reliefs; 180 men in two reliefs in No. 11 battery, excavating the terrepleine and filling sandbags in rear of the battery ; 120 men in two reliefs in the mortar battery No. 12, in the second parallel ; 80 men on the flank gun portion No. 8 battery, in two reliefs ; 50 men in one relief in No. 10 battery ; 14 men in one relief, making buttresses to parapet in No. 7 battery. In No. 1 battery, one platform was commenced and laid, and another commenced. In No. 11, only 20 men were employed in excavating the terrepleine, the remainder being employed in filling sandbags in rear ; one platform was laid in the mortar battery in the second parallel ; the traverse containing the powder magazine was carried on, also the parapet.
In No. 10, the magazine frames were fixed, and the parapet on the right 3-gun portions thickened.
185S.
May 1, Bay.
5 A.M. to 54 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Mappers . . .
Officers on duty
110 men.
32 „
Capt. De. Moleyns, RE.
Capt. Wolseiet, 90th Regt.
The Sappers were employed as follows:—
One brigade, general repairs of parapet traverses, &c. in 21-gun battery ; 1 brigade forming parapet, No. 14 battery ; 1 brigade improving cover, left advance sap ; 1 brigade of carpenters laying platforms, No. 14 battery ; 1 brigade taking up 10-inch mortar beds in left mortar battery, No. 6, to make room for sea-service platforms. The Line were employed both reliefs.
Thirty men, repairs 21-gun battery; 40 men forming parapet, &c. in No. 14 battery.
Forty men improving left sap.
The working parties worked well, and were not disturbed by the enemy.
The general of the trenches refused to allow any working party for the extended parallel, on the grounds that it was dangerous to work there in the daytime. I accordingly employed the half brigade of
i

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
192
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Tlie flank gun portion of No. 8, the left epaulment, and two gun portions to the right of the traverse, thickened.
In No. 7, the buttresses between the guns to strengthen the parapet were commenced.
One mortar shell fell in rear of No. 11, killing 2 and wounding 4 or 5 of the working party ; 4 of the covering party were wounded in the third parallel by a shell ; one by a round shot, and one by a bullet. The Russians are working at the nearest rifle-pit in the cemetery. Sappers employed generally superintending, blasting, and laying platforms.
1855 .
May 1, Nigllt.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officers on duty
500 men.
20 „
25 „
fCapt. Porter, R.E.
1 Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Sappers which were to have been iu the left advance sap. There were no casualties.
1855 .
May 1, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party. i Line ...» 200 men.
I Sappers ... 28 „
I Officer on duty Lieut. Drake, R.E.
Distribution.
Two hundred and thirty men employed in No. 11 battery, bringing earth from right in barrows and baskets, and from rear in sandbags, to thicken parapet ; also levelling inside for platforms, 2-gun portions, so hard that blasting will be required ; 100 men employed in No. 10 battery, thickening parapet of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns, also in raising screens, and in iixing magazine at right ; earth put on magazine at left. Owing to a misconception, the screen was not commenced until a very late hour, and very little has been done to it. 100 men thickening and deepening No. 1 boyau ; 70 men thickening parapet of three gun portions, right of No. 8, and part of the time working at traverse in front, from which they were removed by the officer in charge of the party during my absence, owing to the firing of grape ; two loop-holes formed with barrels at the left of No. 8 battery ; 20 sailors employed re-erecting the sandbag front to the large cave magazine which fell in this evening. No working parties were furnished by the covering party from 2 a.m. till daybreak, the general having refused to furnish any. I reported the circumstance to General Jones, who went round all the batteries and works between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m., and he gave me a message to the general, requesting that they might be furnished. The general, however, still declines, saying he had no such orders, and the men were too hard worked for him to permit it.
Au extremely heavy fire both of musketry and also round shot and. shell broke out. between the
One brigade of Sappers and 100 Line in No. 14 battery, thickening parapet, especially in the left 2- gun portions ; 1 brigade of Sappers and 60 men in the right extension of third parallel, increasing cover ; continued the work of the previous night, and obtained very good cover, with the exception of a few rocky places.
One brigade of Sappers and 40 men in the 21-gun battery altered the direction of No. 20 embrasure ; lowered its sill ; repaired and revetted magazine and two traverses to the right of No. 3 gun ; heightened the parapet of the right communication near the 21-gun battery ; opened passage through left corner, to admit the hand-barrows with shells to old Coehorn battery, No. 7.
Our work was very little interfered with by the enemy ; the parties worked well.
Heavy musketry began in front of the Flagstaff battery at 10 i\m., and continued with short intervals until 3 a.m. The enemy fired from that battery at 4 A.M. this morning.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. V ind W.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
193
Left Attack.
French Left and the Russians, about 10' 45" p.m. It slackened on the Russian side about midnight, but was kept up with extreme vigour by the French all night.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 7 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W.
1855.
May 2, Day.
8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Working Party.
fist relief, 285 men. ‘ * (2d relief, 320 „
Sappers ... 20 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, R.A.
Line
1st relief.
First parallel, No. 1 battery, 10 men making indentations in parapet for 1, 2, and 3 mortars on the right ; 10 men repairing traverses on right of No. 1 mortar battery ; 4 men preparing to rebuild No. 4 embrasure; 16 men making ramp, and banking up sides of platforms ; 20 men carrying earth to lay platforms, and filling sandbags ; No. 4 battery, 30 men repairing No. 2 traverse, also right cheek of No. 1 embrasure, and making ramps ; second parallel, 30 men thickening traverse 2i feet, and filling in ; 6 men preparing to lay platform ; 14 men tilling and carrying sandbags; No. 11 battery, 16 men preparing ground to lay platforms ; 14 men filling sandbags ; 25 repairing Cave magazine.
2d relief.
First parallel, No. 1 battery, 10 men making indentations in parapet as in first relief ; No. 1 mortar finished ; 10 men repairing traverse right of No. 1 mortar battery, completed ; 14 men rebuilding No. 4 embrasure, filling hide and canvas sandbags ; 16 men making ramps and filling up sides of platforms with earth ; 40 men carrying earth to lay platforms for No. 7 ; and 10 men to sleepers, and filling sandbags ; No. 4 battery, 30 men employed as in first relief; traverse finished, also right cheek of No. 1 embrasure, and ramps to all guns but one ; second parallel, 30 men thickening traverse as in the first relief, raised four courses of sandbags, and filled in ; deepened magazine one foot; new mortar battery, No. 12, 6 men preparing to lay platforms, completed ; 14 men filling and carrying sandbags ; No. 11 battery, 12 men preparing for platforms.
Eighty-eight men carrying sandbags and 30 filling; 21 men repairing large magazine in Cave.
Right Attack.
i
i
1855.
May 2, Say.
8i A.M. to a P.M.
Working Party.
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 120 men.
2d relief, 120 „
30 men.
Lieut. Murray, R.E.
In the first relief from 8£ to 12£, and also in the second from 1^ to 4^ 120 men were employed.
Forty men and 1 brigade of Sappers in the left advanced trenches clearing away the rock, &c. ; 40 men and 2 Sappers towards the right of the second parallel, and in the communication to the rifle-pit a improving the cover ; 40 men and 10 Sappers in No. 14 battery, completing the traverses and thickening the parapet on the left.
The carpenters were employed laying platforms in No. 14 battery, and preparing for one, (for a sea service 13-inch mortar on the left of the 21-gun battery}. The Russian rifle-pits in front of our right are now connected hy a trench.
As some riflemen in the trench at the foot of the Mamelon annoyed our workmen on the right of the second parallel, which their position enables them to see into in places, the 9-pouuder gun fired five shots at them, but without any good effect.
I suppose that it cannot be of much use against a trench of some hundreds of yards in length, although effective on small rifle-pits at a moderate range.
i
B B

194
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
May 2, Night. 8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party
Line . ^
Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1 st relief, 500 men. 2d relief, 200 „
24 men.
Capt.BKLSON, R.E. Lieut. Carter, RJs).
The parapet outside wliat was formerly Nos. 3 and 4 guns was thickened from the outside (of No. 1 battery). The parapet of No. 11 battery was thickened, and partially raised, by emptying all the filled sandbags on the outside, and also bringing earth from the right. The parapet of the new mortar battery, No. 12, in the 2d parallel, was thickened from, the outside. The parapet of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns of No. 10 battery was thickened, and the three same embrasures revetted more to the front, but one is not completed. The magazine on the right was sheeted in completely, and covered with sandbags.
In No. 7 battery the revetment of three of the embrasures was renewed, and carried more to the front, and two of the others were commenced. The loop-holes left of No. 8 battery were continued in the same manner with casks. The alteration required to be made in the cheek of the embrasure (flank gun No. 8) was not made, the Sapper who had been set to work at it being sent up to the camp with the body of Lieut. Carter, K.E., who 1 deeply regret to state was struck by a shot, which entered the crest of the parapet on the right of the flank gun ; he lived but a very few moments afterwards. One officer of the 46th regiment was killed by the same shot (Lieut. Curtis).
Killed, 2 officers. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W.
WOBKISG PABTY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 28 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
The Sappers were employed as follows :
One and half brigades revetting embrasures and merlons in 21-gun battery.
One brigade making traverses in No. 14 battery.
Half brigade superintending working parties of the Line.
One brigade of carpenters laying a platform in left mortar batteiy. Working party of 200 men employed from 8 p.m. till 2 a.m. as follows :—
One hundred men thickening parapet from outside and inside, and making traverse in No. 14 battery. 10 men repairing the right of No. 13 battery.
The work was satisfactory, and the enemy remarkably quiet.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Memo.
The advanced parallel and trenches in front are very dirty, and much require the attention of the quartermaster for the week.
(Signed) R. Tylden,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.
The latrines in the trenches when the hot weather set in became so very offensive that very stringent orders relating thereto were issued by the field marshal.
H. D. J.
1855.
May 2, Wight.
S P.H. to 5 A.M.
May 3, Day.
5 A.M. to 5 P.M.
WOBKINO PABTY.
fist relief, 300 men. ' ' 12d relief, 270 „
Line . .
Sappers ... 28 men.
Officer on duty
fCapt. CnAPMAN, i. Regiment.
20th
1st Relief.
1st parallel, general repairs to revetments of mortar and gun batteries ; heightening and thickening merlons and traverses ; 20 men rebuilding screen in front of grand magazine. 2d parallel, 50 men building mortar battery, No. 12 ; excavating for terrepleine, heightening traverse, building magazine, and covering in shell room ; No. 8 battery, 30 men heightening and thickening epaulment for flank
May 3, Day.
8i A.M. to 5i P.M.
WOBMITG PABTY.
Line . . , . 225 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
Officer, mi dutn f 0apt ' B *°WKE, R.L. Officers on duty | J , mbs R.E
Sappers employed generally superintending, laying platforms in Nos. 14 and 21 batteries, and removing those in present sea-service mortar battery on hill in rear of 21-gun battery.
Working party of the Line employed as follows :
21-gun battery, 30 men collecting iron hoops, clearing up and repairing traverses, &c ; five men picking and arranging gabions in approach to 21-gun battery, from 8.30 to 12.30, and carrying gabions to

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL-
195
Left Attack.
gnus ; continuing revetment on the right, and thickening parapet.
No. 10, 50 men heightening and thickening merlons of 1, 2, and 3 guns; building and covering in magazine on the right. No. 11, 50 men filling sandbags, building traverses, and excavating for terre- pleiue.
The second relief of 270 men were employed in a similar manner, besides carrying splinter proofs and sheeting for magazines, &c.
The enemy continued to increase their cover in the ambuscade between the advanced post and the cemetery. The parapet of the quarry in front of the Redan appears to have been increased during the night.
One of the enemy’s magazines in rear of the flagstaff, and 011 the right flank of the Garden batteries, was exploded by a shell from the French, between 2 and 3 o’clock this afternoon.
No casualties occurred to any of the working parties during the day.
One corporal, 12 Sappers, employed in laying platforms in No. 1 battery. One corporal and three Sappers blasting in communication to caves.
Right Attack.
No. 14 battery ; in the afternoon, that is from 1.30 to 5.30, there were 20 men arranging gabions. No. 14 battery, 100 men improving parapet, making traverses and epaulment.
Left advance sap, 40 men from 8.30 a.m. to 2.30 P.M., improving cover, and making defensible communication to rifle-pit n. on the right ; 50 men improving cover, and making defensible.
Work satisfactory.
A shell fell into No. 14 battery, wounding five men; two seriously. Sergeant P. Morant, 10th Company Royal Sappers and Miners, was struck in the shoulder by a spent ball ; not seriously damaged.
1855.
Kay 3, Night.
8 P.M. to 81 A.M.
WOBKIXG PASTY.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
duty
Cist relief, 500 men.
<. 2d relief, 144 „
22 men.
$ Capt. Hassard, E.E.
(. Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1855.
May 3, Wight. 8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on dvty Lieut. Graves, R.E.
1st parallel, two Alderson platforms laid in No. 1 battery. 2d parallel, No. 11 battery, earth added to parapet from the front and rear, and by emptying baskets and bags. No. 12, new mortar battery, parapet thickened from the front, and magazine in traverse covered with splinter proofs, two courses of sandbags, and some earth.
No. 10, sole of embrasure of No. 7 gun levelled ; Nos. 1 and 2 cut through, so as to admit of four gabions being placed; parapet thickened from the front; average thickness at top 12 feet ; also in front of magazines on right and left, earth has been added; revetment on right of No. 1 gun portion raised three feet, and well backed in.
The 4th Regiment were employed at this and the mortar battery, No. 12, and worked uncommonly well.
No. 14 battery, thickening parapet on the left, one brigade Sappers and 60 men ; one brigade carpenters for platform No. 4, right advance communication with trench ; improving parapet and latrine.
Advanced boyau - do.
Boyau to rifle-pit a. - do.
The working party worked in a satisfactory manner.
N.B. During the time these works were going on, though men were not in any way exposed to attract attention, the Russians kept up a fire of shells from the trench leading from the ravine to Mamelon, and also from the Redan, at about five minutes intervals.
One man wounded in the right boyau by this fire.
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm.
b b 2

196
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack. j
No. 7 battery, merlon between 4 and 5 guns rebuilt; ■ also revetment of No. 6 gun embrasure rebuilt with new i sandbags ; small buttresses removed. No. 8 parapet I of portions prepared for two guns at flank increased ; I but it was found necessary by Lieut. Donnelly to j withdraw the party from working in front, as the | night was so light the enemy annoyed the parties j with grape shot from the Redan. j
P.S. Two mines sprung in front of Flagstaff battery at 11 o’clock, supposed to be French, but they did not occasion any extra firing on either side ; just before daylight the French threw many shells into the town. !
Day very fine. Calm.
1855.
May 4, Day. 8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Pakty.
Sappers . . . I Ojficer on duty
1st relief, 367 men.
2d relief, 367 „
25 men.
Lieut. Graham, R.E.
No. 1 battery, thickening and indenting parapet of No. 1 and 2 guns, laying out new traverse, and filling sandbags, 20 men. No. 3 battery, binding up traverse on left, 10 men. No. 11 battery, sinking terrepleine and filling sandbags, 177 men. No. 12 mortar battery, thickening traverse and magazine on right, and filling sandbags, 40 men. No. 10 battery, strengthening left epaulmcnt and parapet of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns, and magazine on right of battery, 40 men. No. 7 battery, filling sandbags in rear, 25 men. No. 8 battery, flank guns, thickening parapet on right. One man killed and two wounded, by shell from the Redan, at 11 a.m. ; 25 men employed. Caves, 20 men employed filling sandbags ; three Sappers building 1st traverse in approach.
2d Relief.
Distribution and numbers the same as in the first relief. Splinter proof commenced for field officer in I No. 10 battery, and look-out made in Nos. 9, 10, and 12 batteries.
Right Attack.
1855.
May 4, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
| Working Party.
1 Line .... 140 men.
! Sappers ... 28 „
1 Officer on duty Lt. Elthinbtone, R.E.
Communication i. to right advanced lodgment, half brigade Sappers and 50 men, improving cover and widening the trench. Right advance to rifle-pit a., half brigade of Sappers and 40 men improving cover and widening the. trenches. No. 14 battery, one brigade of Sappers and 40 men continued its construction ; one brigade carpenters employed in preparing the ground for laying another platform. Left advance, half brigade Sappers and 10 men employed in deepening and widening the trenches in several places where quarrying had become necessary. 21-gun battery, one brigade carpenters employed in preparing the ground for laying the platforms for two sea-service 13-inch mortars in the left mortar battery, No. 6. One of the guns of the 21-gun battery opened fire this morning upon the Mamelon, which at once returned it with good effect. The carriage of No. 3 gun was damaged, but fortunately not seriously ; the damage can easily be repaired.
I regret to have to report that the latrines in this attack are becoming very offensive ; in fact so much so, that after having spoken to the field officer on duty in the advanced trenches on the subject I was obliged to detach 10 men of the working party to attend to the worst of them forthwith.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
197
Left Attack.
1855.
May i, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
1st Relief.
Two hundred men, No. 11 battery, thickening parapet, carrying sandbags, removing stores, &c. ; 36 men, mortar battery No. 12, 2d parallel, thickening parapet; 113 men thickening parapet, No. 10 battery; 60 men carrying barrels, and making rifle-trench ; 55 men, No. 8battery, thickening and revetting parapet; 36 men, No. 7 battery, rebuilding embrasures, revetting, &c.
2d Relief.
All employed in thickening parapet of No. 11 battery.
One slight casualty.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W.
Line
Working Party.
fist relief, 500 men.
• * (2d relief, 164 „
Sappers ... 20 men.
. . f Capt. Armit, R.E. Officers on duty \ Li( f ut Gordon, R.E.
May S, Day.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party. r . flat relief, 250 men.
Zme .... 1 2 d relief, 285 „
Sappers ... 34 men.
Officer on duly Lieut. Neville, R.E.
At the communication to the caves, the traverses were thickened and trench deepened ; 2,600 sandbags were filled in rear of No. 11 battery, and 1,300 in rear of No. 7 battery ; in No. 12, new mortar battery, the traverse was heightened and filled in, and the parapet raised and thickened ; in No. 10 battery, the terrepleine deepened and the parapet increased.
The general’s hut, No. 10 battery, was constructed, with the exception of the roof; a door is required 2' 6" X 4' x 8" ; earth filled in in rear of above. The parapet at Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns, in front of right magazine, thickened.
At No. 8 battery, the parapet was thickened and revetted, and terrepleine sunk. (On the right flank), No. 11 battery, platforms taken up, and ground sunk about one foot. No. 2 battery, merlon taken down and rebuilt.
Right Attack.
1855.
May 4, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
i Working Party.
j Line .... 200 men.
| Sappers ... 24 „
i Officer on <Uity Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
Half brigade of Sappers and 120 men were employed in No. 14 battery, carrying earth in baskets for the left of the work, and shovelling the earth forward placed on the interior crest during the day ; thickening parapet throughout ; half brigade of Sappers and 20 men were employed in the 3d parallel, repairing loop-holes, and making new ones where required ; another half brigade of Sappers and 20 men took down and re-made the traverse for No. 10 battery, which was much dilapidated.
One brigade of Sappers and 40 men were employed revetting the embrasures of Nos. 3, 4, and 7 guns in the 21-gun battery. The carpenters finished excavating for their mortar platforms on the left of the 21-gun battery. The working parties worked to my perfect satisfaction. The enemy annoyed the parties with shells and musketry, but without any serious damage.
Killed, 1 rank and 111c. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W.
May 5, Day. 5 A.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 130 men.
1 2d relief, 130 „
32 men.
Capt. De Moleyxs, It.E.
Capt. Wolseley, 90th Rcgt.
The Sappers were employed :—
1^ brigades building No. 14 battery.
Half brigade making good cover, right advance i. Half brigade making good cover, left advance.
The carpenters were employed :—
One brigade laying platforms, No. 14 battery.
Two brigades laying sea-service mortar platforms.
The Line were employed, both reliefs :—
60 men, building No. 14 battery.
60 men, right advance, improving.
10 men, left advance, improving.
The working parties worked well, and there were no casualties.
The enemy could be seen working hard in rear of the right face of the Round tower, apparently forming a new battery. The rifle-pit >r, on the left of the Woronzoft' Road, has been somewhat enlarged, but I

198
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
At 1 o’clock p.m., timber and dust observed flying in the air about left centre of the third parallel of the French attack, and an explosion as of a powder magazine.
1855.
May 5, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Line . . Sappers . Officer on duty
Working Party.
Cist relief, 500 men. \ 2d relief, 200 „
. 200
23 men. riant. PtYRTTttL TLE.
No. 11 battery, 250 men 1st relief, and 200 men 2d relief, employed thickening parapet throughout; large stones taken out and bedded in parapet. No. 10 battery, 120 men employed till 2 a.m. in thickening parapet of 1, 2, and 3 guns, also revetting No. 6 embrasure, and repairing shot-holes in parapet to right of battery. New mortar battery, No. 12, 50 men employed till 2 a.m. thickening parapet from front, and uncovering magazine. When this was done the splinter proofs were removed, and the magazine lowered two courses ; then they were replaced, and a body of earth has been thrown on them. No. 8 battery, 60 men employed till 2 a.m., thickening parapet of right gun portions, and throwing earth from top of parapet to front ; 20 men employed assisting Sapper in revetting Nos. 1 nnd 2 embrasures and the intermediate merlon.
Captain Arnold, 4tli Regiment, was wounded and taken prisoner while posting sentries in the advance.
Heavy musketry fire, accompanied by continuous English cheering, was noticed in the advance at the Right attack at 11 p.m. It did not last more than a quarter of an hour.
1 officer taken prisoner. 1 rank and file wounded.
Day very fine. Wind S.
May 6, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 313 men.
2d relief, 310 men.
30 men.
30 „
Lieut. Donblit, R.E.
Fifty men were employed on the flank guns of No. 8 battery, lowering the terrepleine, thickening the parapet, and making banquette in communication ; 20 men were employed on the parapet below No. 7 and 8 batteries, revetting with barrels to make loopholes ; 60 men were employed in No. 10 battery, thickening parapet of right gun portions, throwing earth on right magazine, finishing the general’s hut ;
Right Attack.
am not of opinion that it is intended for artillery, as reported by the general of the trenches.
1855.
May 5, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 250 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Drake, E.E.
One brigade of Sappers and 130 Line in No. 14 battery, thickening the parapet in the left portion and communication to the left of the battery, and making right epaulment and passage round ; one Sapper nnd 60 men in the second parallel, remaking loopholes and repairing parapet ; two Sappers and 40 men in 8-gun battery, No. 9, replacing sandbags and repairing merlons and traverses; two Sappers and 20 men in the 21-gun battery, filling up partly No. 14 embrasure, and slightly altering No. 20 embrasure. These men were afterwards removed to the second parallel.
The parties worked very well; that in the second parallel was, however, obliged to stand to arms during the greater part of the night.
At 10 p.m. the enemy made a sortie in small numbers on the left sap, and were driven back ; very little harm done to the works, and this is in course of repair. They opened at the same time a very heavy fire of shell on the 21-gun battery and Left approach.
Casualties, four killed, 18 wounded, two missing. One of the enemy was found killed and one wounded. The latter is made prisoner.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer 27 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.
May 6, Day.
8 A.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 100 men.
1 2 d relief, 120 „
28 men.
Lieut. Murray, R.E.
In both reliefs, one brigade of Sappers, one of carpenters, and 60 men tv ere employed at No. 14 battery.
In the 1st relief, one brigade of Sappers and 40 men were employed in the left advanced work, clearing away rock and making latrines, and also completing a traverse in the left approach to the third parallel. In the 2d relief, 30 men were em-

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
199
Left Attack.
1
Right Attack.
10 men were sinking a trench to catch water from a spring in second parallel, and clearing the drains ; 43 men were employed at No. 12 mortar battery, making shell-room, thickening parapet, and heightening the traverse ; 40 men were at work in No. 11 battery, filling sandbags, assisting the Sappers to lower the terrepleine, and excavating a cave for a magazine.
Forty-five men at work in No. 1 battery, taking down a magazine (No. 2), which requires to be rebuilt ; revetting the mortar battery, and assisting to lay mortar platforms, and rebuilding No. 1 gun portion ; 10 men were employed assisting Sappers at communication to caves ; 30 sailors were at work at communication between first and second parallel ; 14 Sappers were at work blasting, eight in No. 11 battery, two in No. 12, and four in communication to caves ; the remainder were at work laying platforms and superintending.
At about 7.30 a.m. there was an explosion in the French lines on our left, which appeared to be a magazine exploded, as the Russians cheered.
One man was wounded on the right of the second parallel by a musket ball.
The explosions which are mentioned so frequently in the officers’ reports are from the fougasses which the French use to a considerable extent from their most advanced works opposite the Flagstaff bastion.
H. D. J.
1855 .
May 6, Wight.
8 i’.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officers on duty (
1st relief, 600 men.
2d relief, 66 „
24 men.
Captain Beeson, B.E. Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
In No. 10 battery, the parapet of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns, and of the right magazine, was thickened from the outside, and rammed. In the mortar battery, right of No. 9 battery, the parapet was thickened. In No. 11 batteiy, sandbags were emptied, and earth carried from the right on to the outside of the battery. A quantity of stones were also taken from \ the inside of the battery, and thrown into the parapet, and two platforms laid. Lieut. Gordon, R.E., with 180 men in three parties, commenced making rifle- pits, g li, from the right of second parallel to the front of the third parallel, a chain of pits (40), d h, from the screen on the right of the flank gun of No. 8 to the screen made by Lieut. Murray, and a
ployed in the left advanced trench and 30 on the right of the third parallel, improving the cover, &c.
Two brigades of Sappers were employed at the platforms for the sea-service 13-inch mortars on the left of the 21-gun batteiy.
Working Party.
I Line .... 200 men.
| Sappers ... 18 „
. Officer on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :
No. 14 new battery, employed raising the parapet on the left of battery, &c., one brigade of Sappers and 120 men; commenced communication h from right of No. 13 sandbag batteiy to trench in front; task four feet wide, three feet deep, two Sappers and 40 men. No. 8 batteiy, repairing embrasures, &c., half brigade Sappers and 20 men.
Quiet night. The enemy fired a few shells at our working party in No. 14 battery, but did no damage.
Heard a working party of the enemy in front somewhere between our right and left advances ; placed a Coehorn mortar in the third parallel towards morning, fired a light ball with good effect; dis-
1855 .
May 6, Wight.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.

200
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
trench from one of the rifle-pits e in front of No. 7 to the shaft of the cave beneath the advanced work.
The 2d relief should have consisted of 200 men, but 100 of them by some mistake went to the front ; and it gets light so early that I could not afterwards employ them as I had intended in the batteries in the second parallel.
Killed, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W.
C. R. E.—Memo, vide Right Attack, May 7th.
1855.
May 7, Say.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
WORKING PABTV.l
Line .
Sappers . . . Qfflcei * on duty
5" 1st relief, 291 men. (2d relief, 252 „
31 men.
Lieut. Gbaiiam, R.E.
1st relief.
No. 1 battery, building up revetment of traverses :md indentation passage of No. 1 magazine, 24 men. No. 11 battery, sinking terrepleine and filling sandbags, 95 men. No. 12 new mortar battery, in second parallel, sinking terrepleine by blasting, and laying sleepers for 13-inch mortar platform, and building revetment on right, 15 men. No. 10 battery, sinking terrepleine and rear of platforms, and carrying earth to foot of revetment, ready for throwing up at night, 30 men. Caves, revetting traverses of covered way, 15 men. No. 8 battery, flank guns, lowering terrepleine on right, and carrying earth to foot of parapet, 26 men. Magazine and shell-room laid out in No. 8 battery, two men.
Right Attack.
covered the position of the working party, and opened a fire of musketry on it ; range of light ball about 300 yards, and a charge used on this occasion seven ounces, about double the charge required for a Coehorn shell, the difference in diameter of the bore of the mortar and the light ball being more than an inch. On examination after daylight the enemy appear to have been working at a small trench to our right of the quarry, apparently about 100 feet long ; the gabions are filled, but not backed up.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W.
Memo.
7th May 1855.
The reserve in the two attacks to be posted in future on the flanks of the third parallel in each attack. The advanced parallel should invariably be under the immediate charge of a captain, who should always be posted in those parts nearest to the enemy’s works.
He should be held responsible that the men do not waste their ammunition by firing without proper objects to fire at, and to observe that the sights are used according to the distance of the object.
(Signed) II. D. Jones,
Major-General, C.R.E.
I
i
1855.
May 7, Say.
8 A.M. to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 130 men.
Sajtyers . . 21 „
„„ , . ( Lieut. Elphinstone,
Officer on duty j j.
No. 14 battery, 1^ brigades Sappers and 60 men employed in thickening the parapet and cutting and constructing the embrasures ; one brigade carpenters employed laying platforms and constructing magazine. A working party of 20 men continued the communication n (commenced last night) connecting batteries Nos. 13 and 14. The present section of the trench is four feet three inches wide by three feet six inches deep. Left advance, half brigade of Sappers employed increasing the cover and thickening the parapet of the communication No. 1, left demi- parallel, leading to the field gun on the left. A party consisting of one Sapper and 10 men were told off to clean drains in the advanced parallels. Great complaints were made by the men owing to the

JOURNAL OF THE SIEiGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
201
Left Attack.
2d relief.
Right of 2d parallel, revetting for mortar battery, 27 men ; deepening communication to No. 10 from first parallel, 60 men.
1855.
May 7, Night.
S P.M. to 2 A.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
500 men’.
25 „
Capt. Hassakd, R.E. Lieut. Neville, R.E.
First parallel, No. 1 battery, portion in front of No. 1 mortar revetted with sandbags, and platforms of two guns lengthened to suit travelling carriage. Second parallel, one mortar platform laid in new mortar battery, No. 12, and 150 sandbags filled ; No. 10 battery, parapet added to in front of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns ; two indents of 30 feet each on left, extending down second parallel, gabions placed, and filled with earth ; parapet over general officer’s hut added to, and wall on left of roadway leading to the third parallel raised to six feet in height ; No. 11 buttery, parapet added to, by throwing earth up ; and 195 feet run by three feet average height of sandbag revetment in front, 24 feet from interior crest, built and filled in with earth ; third parallel and advance, 150 men employed by Lieut. Neville in filling tubs with earth that were placed around shaft from cave, and also in increasing cover in trench begun last night, and in making rifle-pits from right of third parallel to second No. 14 battery to g. The enemy fired shells and grape, and I could not prevail on parties working in front of 10 and 12 batteries to remain in front, so had to put them in the rear. There were no casualties amongst the working parties. The French opened a heavy fire for a •short time, about 2 o’clock this morning.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W.
I propose to thicken the parapet by hide iting it.
(Signed.) G.B.
Right Attack.
scarcity of water. The small tanks or barrels in the 21-gun battery were quite empty.
General Simpson will give orders that every man going into the trenches takes down his canteen full of water, and that the officers inspecting the men see that the canteens are full. General Simpson will arrange with Col. M'Murdo the conveyance of a large supply of water to the trenches.
(Signed) Raglan.
1855.
May 7, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Greaves, R.E.
No. 14 battery, continued thickening right and left ; 8-gun battery, repairing embrasures ; 21-gun batter) - , repairing embrasures ; left advance, thickening parapet ; right extreme boyau, forming banquette and thickening parapet.
The parties worked very satisfactorily, and nothing of consequence occurred. Nothing was observed in the enemy’s works.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine.
Wind N.W.

202
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Reports from Look-out Station.
1855 . The firing reported yesterday appears to have been occasioned by a mine fired by the
May i. Russians against the French sap, Left attack, which they are supposed to have assaulted,
as loud cheering was heard.
40 carts and 100 men were seen coming into the town yesterday afternoon, carrying gabions.
During the night, the firing in front of the French Left attack has been heavy and incessant. This morning some of the gabions appear scattered about in front of the Russian rifle-screens, but in other respects they do not appear to be much disturbed. During the night the enemy has run a boyau down to the ravine on the right of the “ Ouvrages Blancs.”
The new battery to the left of the Mnmelon appears to be completed for four guns, and the enemy has enlarged the rifle-pits opposite the boyau running from our advanced parallel.
May 2 . A very large convoy of provision or ammunition was observed to arrive yesterday morning ; and the number of tents above the Belbec seems to be increased. Eight of the field guns have been removed from the lower camp near the harbour.
A very serious attack upon the French Left attack was made last night at half past nine, and continued without intermission throughout the night; the firing of every description was heavier and more sustained than it has been on any former occasion.
May 3. The battalions which arrived yesterday afternoon remained under arms until nightfall, and then probably crossed the harbour into the town. They were on their arrival inspected by some officer of rank.
About 300 pack horses carrying two sacks each (apparently grain) were also seen to arrive. The night was tranquil.
The Russians have connected and strengthened their rifle-pits in front of our advanced parallel. The new work in rear of the “ Ouvrages Blancs ” appears to be finished.
GENERAL ORDERS.
No. 14.
May l. A Quartermaster of the week for the trenches in each attack will be detailed in General Orders, to be furnished by the Divisions in rotation.
It will be his duty to visit the trenches, and call for such parties from the officer in command as may be necessary to cleanse them, to throw a sufficient quantity of lime on the places used as latrines, and to inspect and clean out the water barrels.
Water will be supplied as before by the Land Transport Corps. This officer will report daily to the general of the day.
No. 1.
May 6 . The field-officers for duty in the trenches will report .themselves to the general officer of the day sufficiently early, previous to entering upon this duty, to receive whatever directions the general may have occasion to give.
May 7. The field officer or adjutant on duty in the trenches will meet the officers of the Royal Engineers daily at the engineers’ depot in the first parallel, at 7 a.m. and 12 o’clock noon, for the purpose of arranging the strength of the different working parties required.
At least three officers will be detailed to accompany each hundred men on duty in the trenches as guards or reserve.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
‘203
BRIGADE ORDERS.
May 3. Par. No. 1. The directors of each attack are requested to furnish the major-general commanding with a return, made out in a tabular form, showing the number, nature, and description of ordnance in each battery, according to the present arrangement.
No. 3. The brigade-major, Royal Sappers and Miners, has notified, by desire of the Inspector general of fortifications, the board’s confirmation, under date 13tli April 1855, JL, of the appointment of Lieutenant
W. O. Lennox, R.E., as acting adjutant to the Royal Sappers and Miners, from 30th January last, with an allowance of 2s. per diem from that date, and so long as the number of companies governing the allowance shall be stationed at Sebastopol.
4. The directors of the attacks and officers on duty in the trenches are requested to pay particular attention to the memorandum approved by the commander of the forces respecting the employment of light balls, and Coehorn mortars and field pieces in the trenches.
They will perceive that field pieces are to be used only by order of the general of trenches ; the light balls and Coehorns are to be used by the order of the officers of engineers mentioned in the memorandum.
The responsibility of the proper and judicious employment of “light balls” and “Coehorns” being placed upon the officers of Royal Engineers, the major-general requests that no unnecessary use may be made of them.
In the morning reports mention is to be made whenever they have required the use of light balls or the Coehorns, and to state where the latter were placed, against what work or works their fire was directed, and whether the practice was good and effective ; and the same with the li ght balls, which should be thrown beyond the woi'k or party desired to be discovered.
In cases where they consider the fire of field-pieces desirable, they must make the necessary communication to the general officer on duty in the trenches, who will give such orders to the officers of artillery as lie may think necessary.
5. Copy of memo, laid before his lordship the field marshal commanding by Major-General Jones, C.R.E., anil approved under date 3rd May 1853.
“ 1. It being extremely desirable that the employment of the ‘Coehorns’ in the two attacks should be “ placed under defined instructions : i
“ 2. It is directed that a non-commissioned officer of the Royal Artillery shall be placed in charge of them, “ and to act under the orders of the director of engineers of the two attacks, or the captain of Royal Engi- “ neers on duty in the trenches, as to the time and place for employing them.
“ 3. The field-pieces are only to be used by order of the general officer on duty in the trenches.
“ 4. Light balls are to be used only when required by the officers of Royal Engineers.”
May 4. Pai\ No. 2. The major-general commanding has had much satisfaction in receiving favourable reports of the under mentioned non-commissioned officers and men, viz.—
Sergeant Jervis, 11th company,
Lance-Corporal Collins, 4th company,
Lance-Corporal Hanson, 3d company,
Lance-Corporal Jenkins, 11th company,
who by their characteristic energy and zeal have deserved a special mark of approbation from their officers.
3. With respect to the order of yesterday’s date in regard to the use of the “ Coehorns,” arrangements have been made with Brigadier-General Dacres commanding Royal Artillery, that an officer of Royal Artillery will be appointed to communicate with the director of each attack, or captain on duty, as to the employment of these mortars.
May 5. When the embrasures or sandbag works require repairs, the officers will be careful to see that they are carried out with bags fresh filled. Without a strict adherence to this mode of proceeding the stability of any work is much endangered, as the old sandbags, from various causes, lose their rectangular shape, so necessary to ensure strength.
c o 2

204
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Memo.
During the past week the enemy has been connecting and strengthening his rifle-pits and screens iu front of our Right attack, also working in the Qujirries in front of the Redan, he has also erected some rifle- screens in the ravine a short distance up the Woronzoff Road.
The new batteries in our two attacks have been advanced as rapidly as the nature of the soil would permit, and good progress made.
The long continuance of the troops in the trenches has made some portions of them extremely offensive, it therefore becomes necessary to have a quartermaster for the week appointed, to have the nuisances removed, and the parallels and approaches kept clean.
The trenches ought to be given over in proper order to the reliefs when they come on duty.
Several 10-incli and 8-incli guns have been brought up, and placed in battery. Every night for the past week a sharp fire of artillery and musketry has been kept up by the French.
(Signed) Harry I). Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
The sortie on the night of the fifth was gallantly repulsed by Captain Williamson, and Lieutenant Gibbius, JOtli Regiment, and Lieutenant Roclifort of the 49th.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 7tli May 1855.
The daily alteration in the strength of the enemy’s works in the immediate front of the British attack by the employment of large working parties during the night is now beginning to render them of so formidable a nature that it becomes necessary to draw the attention of the commander of the forces to the subject. That which would have been easy of execution, as proposed in the memorandum dated 29th ultimo, in a few days will be no longer so.
The quantity of work executed in the Quarries in front of the Redan makes them assume a formidable appearance, and it is not by any means improbable that the enemy may establish a battery on this point.
From thence to the Mamelon, which a short time ago was nearly open ground, is now intersected with rifle screens of considerable size, connected with each other by trenches of communication, which enable the enemy to post large bodies of men under cover close to our advanced parallel, and rendering it open to attack and insult at any moment, as was proved by the assault upon it on the night of the fifth instant.
The works on the Mamelon have been strengthened, and within the last few nights the communications to the works in front of it have also been strengthened, thus adding considerably to the difficulties of an advance on this side of the place.
The defences thus created iu front of the exterior lines of the enemy will, in the event of an assault, and a lodgment to be made on the Redan, render that operation much more difficult of execution, if not impracticable, as it was proposed to be undertaken.
It is considered proper to make the commander of the forces acquainted with the present and prospective state of affairs, because so great an alteration having taken place, without being brought under his Lordship’s notice, might lead to a misunderstanding with the French general, who, when he finds his works sufficiently advanced to give an assault, will find the British in a position that prevents them from aiding him with that co-operation in the attack which he has been led to expect, and which they will be prevented from giving, if the enemy continues to strengthen himself in the front, as he has done since the cessation of the fire from the batteries.
It therefore becomes important, before the fire upon the place shall be re-opened, that due consideration should be given to the operations that must necessarily take place before attempting an assault upon the enemy’s principal works.
(Signed) Harry D. Joxes,
Major-General,
■ - Comdg. Royal Engineers.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
205
Left Attack.
1855 .
May 8, Day.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
WORKING PABTT.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officers on duty [
1st relief, 300 men.
2d relief, 250 „
32 men.
Cant. Chapman", 20th Regt.
1st relief.
One hundred men in the first parallel, No. 1 battery, rebuilding traverses, revetting and rebuilding merlons of Nos. 1 and 2 guns ; revetting and thickening parapet on right of No. 1 battery ; adding cover to No. 2 magazine ; 50 men in second parallel adding cover to magazine and shell-rooms, thickening parapet, and heightening No. 1 traverse of mortar battery ; 50 men in No. 10, levelling terrepleine, increasing cover on general officer’s hut, heightening and thickening parapet of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns, and adding cover to magazine ; 50 men in No. 11, excavating for terrepleines and filling sandbags ; 38 men in No. 8, heightening and thickening epaulment on left of flanking gun, heightening and thickening parapet on extreme right, third parallel ; 12 men increasing communication to caves.
2d relief.
Employed in completing the above works, but as they only consisted of 250 men I was unable to employ the party of 50 men in No. 8 battery, as in the morning ; 10 men were employed in the drain in second parallel ; 1 sergeant and 4 corporals, 11 privates Royal Sappers and Miners, were employed with the working parties ; 1 corporal and 3 privates blasting ; 2 corporals and 8 privates carpenters.
I beg specially to bring to your notice a party of 37 men, 1st Royals, and 13 men, 14tli Regiment, in charge of Captain Christie, 1st Royals, who worked with the utmost zeal, (a)
I have further to report that some men of the 14th Regiment complain of not receiving the full amount of their working pay, which appears to be divided amongst the sick in hospital, grooms, &c., and other men who are never in the trenches. ( b )
(а) Lieutenant-General Simpson will be so good as to send this extract to the Assistant Adjutant General, 3d division, for communication to the two regiments.
(Signed.) R.
(б) General Simpson will cause immediate inquiry to he made into this complaint.
(Signed.) R.
Right Attack.
1855 .
May 8, Day.
8i A.M. to 54 P.M.
Working Pabty.
Line .... 80 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
f Capt. Browne, R.E. Officers on duty < Lieut. Sheehy, 8ith (. Regt.
A working party of 80 men with 2 brigades of Sappers were employed at No, 14 battery making embrasures, excavating for magazines, and improving parapet ; 1 brigade carpenters at magazine ; 20 men of the 80 were employed at the communication ii between sandbag No. 13 and No. 14 battery ; 1 brigade carpenters were employed on left of 21-gun battery, laying sea-service mortar platforms. The work performed was satisfactory, and no casualties in working party.
The trenches from right to left were extremely offensive, the latrines have not been’ covered, and I can find no traces of the quartermaster and his brigade.
Immediate. —Draw the [attention of General Simpson to this report.
(Signed) R.

‘206
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855,
May 8, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 AJd.
Working Party.
Line .... 498 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officers on duty R.E.
No. 11 battery, 228 men carrying sandbags, clearing terrepleine, and thickening parapet; new trench in advance and from second to third parallel, excavating, 150 men. No. 12 battery, 20 men levelling traverses, &c. These men were employed in carrying gabions to the rear, also 20 men Ailing sandbags and assisting in revetting left embrasure, right flank, No. 8 battery. No. 10 battery, 80 men pulling down gabions and rebuilding stone revetment, building wall screen, covering general’s hut and outside magazine. Two casualties. Embrasure, right flank, No. 8, •completed.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file,
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.E.
May 9, Say.
8 A.M. to a P.M.
Working Party.
Zineand Sea.ncn gg
Sappers ... 30 men.
Officer on duty { Li ^ JosrE8 ’ 46111
No. 1 battery, 50 men and 1 officer employed rebuilding old traverse in right mortal- portion, and continuing the repairs of the parapet (both reliefs). No. 4 battery, part of the above party were employed in filling up a hole in the magazine in rear ; there was one Sapper with these two parties. No. 11 battery, 40 men and one officer employed in filling sandbags, and carrying them to a place of general deposit in rear of battery from 8 a.m. to 12 noon, and 68 men and one officer employed in the same way from 2 p.m. to 5.30 pm. ; eight Sappers and one corporal blasting in the battery, both reliefs. No. 9 battery, 25 men of the Naval Brigade and 1 Sapper employed in building shell-room on the left of the battery, both reliefs ; 20 men and 1 Sapper employed in the second parallel and zig-zags in filling up the shot holes, both reliefs ; 10 men and 1 Sapper employed in clearing platforms from 8 a.m. to 12 noon. No. 10 battery, 20 men and 2 Sappers in the 1st relief, and 15 men and 2 Sappers in the 2d relief, employed levelling the ground in rear of platform
Working Party.
„ ‘ Line .... 200 men.
may 8, Night. Sappers ... 20 ,,
8 p.m. to 4 a.m. Officer on duty Lieut. Andsroon, R.E.
One hundred and twenty men with one brigade, of Sappers were employed in No. 14 battery, making good parapet throughout and right epaulment ; ramming and shovelling the earth forward ; 50 men and half brigade of Sappers deepened and widened the trench h communicating with No. 13 battery, and continued the excavation for the magazine in the communication ; 30 men and half brigade of Sappers widened the trench to the right of No. 14 battery, and made good the communication with the 8-gun battery No. 9 ; one Sapper with six men were employed in the left front of the 21-gun battery, amongst the Quarries, sinking two small wells ; which seem to promise to give a fair supply of water. The working parties performed their work in a satisfactory manner.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer. 6 rank and flic.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.E.
May 5, Say.
5 P.M. to 5i P.M.
Working Party. Line ....
Sappers , . .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 80 men.
12d relief, 80 ,,
28 men.
De Moleyns, Lieut. Drake, U.E.
The Sappers were employed as follows :—
One and a half brigades constructing No. 14 battery.
Half brigade repairs to No. 9 battery (8-gun).
The carpenters were employed as follows :—
One brigade laying platforms for sea-service mortal’s ; two brigades, No. 14 battery, building magazine.
The Line were employed both reliefs.
Sixty men, No 14 battery ; 20 men, communication to it, cover increasing.
The working parties worked well, and were not disturbed, and no casualties took place. The enemy were working in large numbers in advance of the left of the Mamelon ; it appears to be a battery.
The trenches, especially in the left advance sap, and in the ditch of No. 9 battery, are in a most offensive state.
A 13-inch shell was thrown by the enemy, and fell on the No. 9 magazine, 21-gun battery, exploded

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
207
Left Attack.
No. 5, extending to 4 and 3. 1st boyau, 5 men in botli reliefs deepening tlie passage round the traverse ; 20 men in both reliefs, and 4 Sappers strengthening the communication and cover to the caves. No. 8 battery, 15 men and 1 Sapper in the 1st and 20 men and 2 Sappers in the 2d relief, building triangular magazine to the left of the right traverse. 2 Sappers were sent home sick, 2 in charge of tools, 2 at the Picket-house, 2 superintending the filling of sandbags at No. 11 battery, and 1 sergeant and 1 private at the mortar battery.
Working Pabiy.
Line .... 500 men.
Sappers ... 15 „
(Capt. Porter, R.E.
Officers on duty < Capt. Chapman. 20tli (. Regt.
Advanced trenches, employed in making three new communications, as traced by Major Bent, R.E., trench about two feet wide, average throughout about three feet in depth, except in one or two places. This party were shelled all night, but there were no casualties.
No. 11 battery, 150 men were employed in thickening parapet in front, as before.
No. 12 mortar battery, 50 men employed heightening traverse on right towards the front, also in thickening parapet of parallel at right of battery.
No. 10 battery, 50 men employed throwing earth from terrepleine to front ; more work still required to clear terrepleine ; right of second parallel from No. 10 onwards, 150 men employed in improving cover.
There was very heavy musketry fire in the advance of the Right attack at about 1 A.M., which lasted about a quarter of an hour.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Thermometer at noon 83°. Wind
N.W.
Right Attack.
there, but did no damage, except slightly shaking the timbers.
Two sea-service mortar platforms completed on the left of 21-gun battery, and ready to receive the mortars.
(Signed) R. T.
General Simpson, May 10th, 1855.
I have received further representations of the offensive state of the latrines in the trenches, particularly in the Right attack. General Simpson will be so good as to send an order to the field officers on duty, to employ the men of the guard in covering the latrines with lime and soil, and to inform the officers by whom they are relieved that it will be their duty to take care that the same work is continued daily.
(Signed) Raglan.
WORKING PARTY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
No. 6 magazine, 1 brigade of carpenters and 10 men. A 13-inch shell from the enemy lodged on the roof of this magazine about 5 p.si. yesterday, penetrating to within four inches of the timbers. The party above mentioned employed excavating and on repairs ; all the powder removed.
No. 14 new battery, 1 brigade Sappers and 80 men employed thickening parapet, especially on the left, and increasing the number of sandbags round the magazine ; 20 men from this party employed for an hour and a half helping the party at the new communication to carry down gabions. The Royal Artillery mounted three 8-inch guns of 65 cwt. in this battery. No. 9 battery (8-gun), half brigade of Sappers and 10 men repairing embrasures.
A new communication k was commenced from the third parallel to the right advanced trench ; 141 gabions and 125 sandbags were placed and filled, and good cover obtained, from the front only ; but being on the slope of a hill the oblique fire will prevent a party from working by day. Good ground in the centre, but rocky on the right and left.
No work done here after one o’clock in consequence of the sortie by the enemy. About 1 a.m. parties of the enemy, extending along our whole front and the left of the French right, advanced to within 50 yards of our most advanced works. They were perceived at this distance, and gave and received two
1855.
May 9, Night.
7 r.M. to 2 A.M.
1855.
May 9, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

208
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Lett Attack.
1855.
May 10, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Paett.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 216 men.
2d relief, 180 „
22 men.
Lieut. Goedon, R.E.
In the first parallel, 50 men 1st relief, 50 men 2d relief; in the second parallel, 30 men 1st relief; in Nos. 2, 4, and 6 boyaux, 1st relief, 36 men ; iii Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief 50 men ; in No. 11 battery, 1st relief 80 men, 2d relief 80 men. The party of 50 men in the first parallel were employed in draining the batteries, &c.; in the second parallel and boyaux the parties were also employed in draining the trenches. In Nos. 7 and 8 batteries the party of 50 men were employed in draining and fixing triangular magazine for flank gun.
In No. 11 battery the party of 80 men were employed in filling sandbags (of which they filled 2,700), and in excavating terrepleine of battery. In No. 11 battery, No. 6 gun platform was laid, and No. 5 gun platform nearly ready for laying.
Right Attack.
or three -follies, and retiring to their own trench a heavy fire was kept up on both sides for half an hour.
The number of casualties on our side was 13.
After 2 o’clock the whole of the Sappers were sent to the left advance, to make good damages, replace gabions, 8cc.
We could hear working parties of the enemy previous to the sortie at (I should think) not less than 500 yards distance.
The enemy kept up a very heavy fire of shells on our third parallel and works in rear during the sortie. At daylight I could not perceive any bodies in front of our advanced trenches.
P.S.—The two sea-service mortar platforms are ready to receive the mortars.
Killed, 1 rank and tile. Wounded, 16 rank and file.
Day very fine. Thermometer at noon 83°. Wind N.W.
Application -was made to the general officer of the trenches for a relief at 2 a.m., who stated that he had no instructions to furnish it.
(Signed.) R. T.
Lieutenant General Simpson will inquire why the Colonel did not furnish a working party at 2 a.m. for
(Signed) Raglan.
Working Paett.
. . . 120 men.
... 28 „
i duty Lt. Elphinstone, R.E.
No. 14 battery, 1| brigades of Sappers and 75 men continued its construction ; 2 brigades of carpenters employed in constructing the magazine ; three guns have been placed in position in this battery. 1 brigade of Sappers and 20 men employed in deepening the new communication k commenced last night from the advanced mortar battery No. 8 to the right advance to rifle-pit a. One brigade of carpenters employed during the morning in removing the two left platforms (one gun and one mortar) from the mortar battery No. 12.
In consequence of the heavy rain, which continued uninterruptedly until about 3 f.m., the surface water collected so rapidly in the trenches that I found it necessary to employ 25 men under the charge of one Sapper in clearing the drains, &c. During the middle of the day the Russians hoisted a flag of truce
10th May 1855.
1855.
May 10, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Line . Sappers Offic er 01

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
209
Left Attack.
The frame work and splinter proofs of the triangular magazine in flank gun of No. 8 battery were fixed. Sappers employed superintending, blasting, and excavating. Carpenters employed laying platforms and filling magazines.
The Russians were working at the Barrack and Garden Wall batteries.
An officer’s servant was wounded on right of the second parallel, and another man was wounded in his attempt to take him in, by rifle bullets. The Russians, after a time, however, hoisted a flag of truce over the Quarry, and allowed him to be taken in. A party of the 4tli Regiment drew a fire from the Flagstaff Battery on No. 9 battery by exposing themselves.
1855.
May lO, Night.
8 p.m. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on ilnty
444 men.
22 „
f Capt. Bklson, R.E. i Lieut. Gkaiiam, R.E.
No. 11 battery was proceeded with by thickening the parapet in the usual way, and Sappers were employed in blasting away to form a foundation for three gun platforms, two of which may be laid very soon. No. 12 battery was thickened from the outside. No. 10 battery, the front of the magazine was thickened, and the parallel on the right revetted with stones, and thickened. The barrels in No. 7 battery, only 8 in number, were taken out to the advanced cave. I saw the staves of what had evidently been one of these barrels lying broken outside the battery.
The zigzag communication from the advanced trench in front of No. 7 to the left rifle screen was deepened, and the new trench from right of No. 8 also continued as far as the spot marked out with stones li. The party worked until 2 a.m. ; the weather was very unfavourable for work, raining in torrents most of the time, and I fear, in consequence, that the night’s work is not a large one.
P.S.—There was heavy firing at the Right attack, apparently a Russian sortie, between 9 and 10 o’clock, but the Left was quiet.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Heavy showers during the day ; evening fine. Wind (strong) S.
Right Attack.
for the purpose of burying the men that had been killed last night; nine bodies were carried into their trench during this period.
Working Pasty.
_ 1855. Linc 200 men.
luKy 10, Night. Sappers ... 20 „
8 p.m. to 2 a.m. ; Officer on duty Lieut. Lowery, It.E.
Two brigades of Sappers were employed as follows :—
Half brigade getting out stone out of the new communication k (PI. VII.) in front of No. 8 mortar battery.
Half brigade superintending working party in new communication K.
Half brigade superintending working party in No. 14 battery.
Half brigade repairing the damaged parts of the parapets ; one brigade carpenters were employed at the magazines in No. 14 battery.
Working party of the Line employed as follows :—
Eighty men at No. 14 battery, thickening the right and left epaulments ; 80 men at the new communication k in front of No. 8 battery ; 40 men repairing injuj-ies done to the parapets, and clearing the left advance. The parties worked from 8 a.m. till 2 p.m.
About 9 p.m. the Russians opened a very heavy fire of shells and musketry ; to the latter we answered, and firing continued on both sides for about an hour.
Little work was executed, owing to the above cause, and the night being extremely wet and dark.
The Russian fire did our works some damage, which was repaired at once.
No casualties among the working parties.
In obedience to an order received from General Jones, R.E., I reconnoitred the Quarries on the left of No. 12 mortar battery, and found one which with very little labour might be converted into a capital

210
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
battery, No. 15, for two mortars ; its depth varies from seven to nine feet.
Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, I officer, IT rank and file.
Heavy showers during the day. Evening fine. Wind (strong) S.
1855.
May 11, Bay.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 280 men.
Sappers ... 35 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neviile, R.E.
No. 11 battery, 3, 4, and 5 platforms cleared out by blasting, and 4 and 5 platforms laid complete. At the advanced cave eight barrels were fixed, and filled from the earth in the cave, and the ladder put together ; rock excavated for ascent in the third parallel; banquette continued where possible, and the banquette of the second parallel, and of 2, 4, and 6 zigzags, repaired ; 1,250 sandbags filled in first parallel.
Nothing of importance occurred.
1855.
May 11, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 r.M.
Work i no Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 110 men.
2d relief, 110 „
20 men.
Lieut. Murray, R.E.
Both in the morning and afternoon 110 men were employed :—
Fifty at No. 14 battery, increasing the parapet of the epaulment and of the left of the battery; 40 in the new communication k in front, of the mortar battery, No. 8, on the right of the third parallel ; ten clearing out and deepening the cuts for drainage through the parapets of the 21-gun battery. One brigade of Sappers were employed at No. 14 battery, half a brigade at the new trench k, one brigade carpenters at No. 12 battery, preparing for a platform for a sea-service 13-inch mortar, and one brigade at the left magazine of No. 14 battery. Sergeant Knight, Royal Sappers and Miners, in charge of the carpenters, bus reported to me thut this morning 40 feet (running about nine inches wide) of sheeting for the magazine on the left of No. 14 battery was missing.
Memo.
In the event of the enemy opening his fire during the night upon the works of the Right attack, it will be advisable to return it from the under-mentioned batteries.
I 1. From some of the guns in No. 4 batteiy, and from No. 11 mortal- battery, Right attack.
2. And from some of the guns in No. 1 battery, Left attack, and the gun placed on the right of No. 8 battery, Left attack, should also open its fire upon the Quarries in front of the Redan and rifle-screens generally in front of our Right attack.
3. The Coehorns should as much as' possible be brought into play, and light balls should be thrown.
4. Field pieces should be used in the event of an attack, at the discretion of the general officer commanding in the trenches.
(Signed)
II. D. J.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
211
Left Attack.
Rigiit Attack.
1855.
May 11, Might.
8 F.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Sappers ... 4 men.
Officer on duty Capt. I Lassard, E.E.
Iii consequence of the wet no parties were employed, with the exception of four Sappers, who altered the direction of the flank gun embrasure, No. 8. battery, so as to see the extreme Russian rifle- pit on the right.
On withdrawing this party, at 20 minutes to 11 o’clock, I had proceeded about 60 yards to the real - , when I perceived that a sortie had been made on our right by the enemy ; and immediately I returned to No. 8 battery, and found that the alarm had been given, and the troops were in good order and cool, standing to their arms. I went along the parallel to the left, and finding that the use of the portion of parallel on left of No. 8, which is stepped, was not understood by- the men, and that they were collecting in the parallel, I directed them to ascend, and fire upon the advancing foe, which they did.
Everything being in readiness, and the party with me not having carbines, I proceeded to No. 2 battery along the zigzags, to report the circumstance to the general officer, and to put myself at his disposal.
The contest lasted about half an hour, and was begun by the Russians advancing on the right from the Woronzoff Road near the Picquet-house. Our sentries retired in good order, which gave the men in the parallel time to collect, and firing a volley, and then coming to the charge, the enemy immediately retired, and their second column came on at the centre of the parallel, where they met with a warm reception, and were repulsed with, it is said by the officers in charge, much loss. Only a few got into the work. Great assistance was derived from the light balls which were thrown from a mortar (Coehorn) on left of No. 7 battery. Capt. Dickson, R.A., fired several rounds from flank gun, No. 8, and No. 1 battery opened on the Quarries, as it appeared a sortie had been made on our Right attack also.
No. 2 battery also opened fire on the Redan.
Approved.
To be immediately communicated to General Dacres for his information and guidance, besides to be sent to each of the attacks and the general officers in command, who, on being relieved, arc to turn them over to their successors.
(Signed) Raglan.
11th May 1855.
1855. | Working Party.
May 11, Might. Sappers ... 24 men.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M. I Officer on duty Lieut. GRAVES, R.E.
Sappers employed as follows :
One brigade, new communication k. on the right.
One brigade, No. 14 battery ; carpenters, No. 12 battery. The work here interrupted by rain filling the space for platforms, but commenced to drain it.
About 10 p.m. the Russians threatened the left advance, and a heavy fire of musketry was opened on both sides ; they also opened a fire of shells, which was replied to by five guns in the 21-gun battery.
The night was very wet, dark, and stormy.
Nothing was observed in the Russian works.
Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Frequent and heavy showers during the day. Wind (strong) S.
D d 2

212
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left attack.
Right Attack.
Capt. Edwards, 68th Regiment, was killed, and an officer of the Royals wounded, and five men killed and about 30 wounded ; very severe wounds.
The enemy it appears carried away many dead and wounded. We took one prisoner with his leg broke, and five Russians are lying dead near the battery.
Heavy showers during the day. Wind (strong) S.
Killed, 1 officer, 6 rank and file. Wounded, 29 rank and file.
Working Party.
- WoBKIXG PASTY.
1S55.
May 12, Day.
6 A.M. to 6 P.M.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
< 1st relief, 60 men.
12d relief, 60 „
'VI men.
Lieut. Jokes, 46th Ecgt.
No. 1 battery, 10 men and two Sappers employed in blinding the six right embrasures from 2 p.m. to .130 p.m.
No. 2 battery, 17 Sappers employed in the rebuilding the surgeon’s hut which had fallen in, from 6 a.m. to 12 noon.
Ten Sappers employed in the same manner from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. 50 men and two Sappers employed in opening and clearing the drains in the batteries of the 1st parallel from 9 a.m. to 12 noon. 50 men and two Sappers employed in draining the 2d parallel, from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. Ten men and two Sappers employed in the Picquet-house, in revetting anew the right Half merlon and epaulment, which had fallen in.
No. 11 battery, one corporal and seven Sappers employed in blasting the tcrrepleine, from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. One corporal and three Sappers employed in blasting the rock in front of the inner cave, and raising the ladder to the shaft leading to the trench above, both reliefs. One corporal and four Sappers employed in relaying the platform of the right flank gun on the right of the 3d parallel, from 2 p.m. to 5 P.M.
One serjeant and two privates Royal Sappers and Miners in charge of tools.
May 12, Xight.
Officer on duty Capt. A emit, K.E.
No work done, there being no working parties.
The enemy came up the hill about 2 o’clock a.m. at right of No. 8 battery, and on being fired on retired.
Morning showery ; afternoon fine. Wind S.
X85S.
May 12, Day.
Si A.M. to 64 P.M.
fist relief, 80 men. • ' t.2 ’ -
t. 2d relief, 110 20 men.
Line
Sappers .
2 brigades of Sappers and one of carpenters were employed in general superintendence, in completing magazines in No. 14 battery, and laying mortar platforms in No. 12 battery.
Eighty men of the Line were employed from 8.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. as follows :
In 21-gun battery, 20 men repairing traverses, magazines, &c., and clearing up rubbish at sea-service mortar platforms on the left of 21-gun battery. 8-gun battery, No. 9, 20 making drain and clearing up ; 30 men draining and clearing up trenches ; and 10 men in No. 12 battery draining round mortar platforms.
From 1.30 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. 110 men were employed, 80 as detailed above, and 30 in the 21-gun battery, clearing up and repairing. The work was satisfactory. Large convoys were seen entering the town. No casualties reported among the working parties.
The new communications which have been made have been rendered necessary in consequence of the Russians having established themselves in the rifle screens in front of the Mamelon, which has placed them in a position to be enabled to enfilade some portions of the trenches. No damage whatever was done to the works by any of the sorties made between the 5th and 12th. The late heavy rain has done some mischief to the revetments of sandbags, which in general are not built with sufficient slope to resist the pressure after a fall of rain.
(Signed) H. D. J.
WOBKING PASTY.
May 12, XTlgtat.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
20 men.
Lieut. Dbake, R.E.
No working party of the Line.
The Sappers employed draining the approach to the right rifle-pit A., but were unable to do much on account of the darkness and rain.
Heavy musketry at 2 a.m. on the French side (Right attack) ; and in front of the Left attack a

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
213
Left Attack.
i
1855.
May 13, Say.
8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 90 men.
2d relief, 180 „
80 men.
Lieut. Donnelly, RE.
Ten men in the 1st relief and 20 in the 2d were employed revetting the left gun portion of No. 1 battery which had fallen in, and repairing the door of the magazine; 10 men of the Naval Brigade were employed in the first relief, rebuilding portion of revetment in No. 2 battery, which had fallen in ; 10 men were employed in No. 6 battery, repairing magazine and shell room for the 1st relief; 30 men were employed at No. 10 battery, repairing the revetments of Nos. 4 and 7 gun portions, which had fallen in in consequence of the wet; this party was increased to 60 in the 2d relief, and thickened the parapet on the right of the battery. 10 men were employed during the 1st relief draining the second purullel ; 10 men were employed in both reliefs draining the boyaux ; 10 men were assisting four Sappers at the communication to the caves j 20 men were at work during the 2d relief at No. 12 battery repairing the ground for Nos. 4 and 5 mortars. The Sappers were employed blasting in No. 11 battery and magazine for ditto, laying a platform in No. 11 battery, and in general superintendence.
‘ The hospital hut was rebuilt.
Working Party.
Line .... 439 men.
®® a y 13, Night. Sappers ... 15 „
8 p/m. to 2 a.m. (Capt.BELSON, R.E.
Offices on duty -s Capt. Chapman, 20th (. Itegt.
No. 11 battery, sandbags were emptied outside the parapet, and a large quantity of stones also taken from inside the battery, and thrown into and on the outside of the same. The parapet of No. 12 battery was thickened from the outside.
The parapet on the right of No. 10 battery was thickened, and the revetment of stones continued. The trench on the right of No. 8 battery was deepened for a distance of about 200 yards. The
Right Attack.
few volleys between our guard of the trenches and that of the enemy.
1 killed and 2 wounded.
P.S. Repaired No. 21 embrasure, the sides of which were destroyed by the rain.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and file. Morning showery ; afternoon fine. Wind S.
1855.
May 13, Bay.
8i a.m. to 5i P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 150 „
28 men.
Capt. Stanton, RE.
Working parties were employed in the 21-gun battery, rebuilding No. 4 magazine, and clearing out the sea-service mortar battery, No. 6.
In No. 9 battery clearing out the drain in rear, and repairing revetment of the left epaulment over the magazine. In No. 14 battery, making a drain in rear, and thickening the parapet on the left. In the communication generally, clearing drains and clearing out the mud from the trenches.
The Sappers were employed in No. 14 battery lining the cheeks of the embrasures with hides, &c., and superintending the other works.
The carpenters were employed rebuilding No. 14 magazine (in 21-gun battery), excavating for a sea- service mortar platform in No. 12 battery, and completing the magazine in No. 14 battery.
The Russians had a large working party employed in rear of the Garden batteries, apparently commencing some new work.
The major-general, accompanied by Gen. Palesmes, visited the trenches to-day.
' (Signed) E. F. B.
Working Party.
May 13, Night. Line .... 200 men.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M. Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
Very quiet night; working parties continued works commenced.
No. 12 battery, one brigade carpenters excavating for sea-service mortar platform.
No. 14 battery, half brigade of Sappers and 100 men thickening left of battery and epaulment on the right.
New communication k on the right of the 3d parallel; half brigade Sappers and 40 men employed chiefly deepening the trench on the left. Communication to

214
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
zigzag approaches in front of No. 7 battery were deepened to a sufficient extent to allow of men entering the rifle screen (c) to which they lead by daylight, with the exception of the angle made by the two outer boyaux, which is on such very sloping ground that a great height of parapet will be required to defilade the trench there, and perhaps you will think the object may be better obtained by altering the construction of the trench at that part.
Both Major Chapman (who was on duty) as well as myself imagined we heard a working party of the enemy in or near the Woronzoff Road in front of the quarry, and I proposed to use a light ball to ascertain, if possible, if such was the case ; but it appearing that there were only three in the possession of the artillery, and the field officer expressing a great desire that these should be kept to be used in the event of a sortie of the enemy, I acceded to his wishes. I had the bodies of three Russians buried.
P.S.—At about 2 a.m. very heavy firing took place on the left of the Flagstaff Battery. All night the enemy was particularly active in shelling the French in that quarter.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.
1855.
May 18, Say.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Woekikq Party.
Line .... |
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 280 men.
2d relief, 200 „
10 men.
Lieut. Graham, K.E.
No. 1 mortar battery, building up traverse and revetting parapet on left, 30 men. No 1 gun battery, right half merlon rebuilt, parapet and traverse on right raised ; traverse between Nos. 6 and 7 guns half rebuilt; passage in magazine 5 repaired; 20 men 1st relief, 50 men 2d relief. No. 2 gun moved 10 feet to right, and parapet thickened from outside ; traverse repaired by 30 men, Naval Brigade. No. 3 gun battery, traverse repaired, 30 men Naval Brigade; bed for platform of sea-service mortar made in No. 2 battery. No. 11 battery, clearing out terrepleine, and carrying up sandsags, 60 men 1st relief, 30 men 2d relief. No. 12 batteiy, blasting and clearing out terrepleine for two mortars on left, and revetting parapet, 27 men 1st relief, 40 men 2d relief. No. 10 batteiy, lamp made for road ; general’s hut put in order ; traverse between 3 and 4 guns commenced and finished. Nos. 5 and 7, embrasures and merlon
Right Attack.
rifle-pit n on the right, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men draining the trench.
3d parallel, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men repairing sandbag loop-holes, &c.
Left advance, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men replacing gabions and repairing parapet in various places.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.
1855.
May 18, Say.
5 AAf.to eiP.M.
Wobkixg Party.
Line .... 170 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
("Captain De Moleyhb,
Officers on duty ] Ca | t E ' Wolseley, 90th (. Kegt.
The Sappers were employed as follows:—
One brigade repairs to magazines, traverses, &c. 21-gun battery. Half brigade, repairs to No. 9 battery. The carpenters were employed.
One brigade building No. 4 magazine, 21-gun battery. The Line were employed both reliefs.
60 men repairs to 21-gun battery ; 60 men repairs to No. 9 battery ; 40 men clearing drains ; 10 men building No. 4 magazine, 21-gun batteiy. The working parties worked well, and were not disturbed in any way by the enemy, and there were no casualties.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
215
Lfft Attack.
between 6 and 7 rebuilt ; 1st relief 100 men, 2d relief 60 men ; blasting for magazine on left of No. 11 battery, 6 Sappers. Caves, revetting traverses, 4 Sappers and 10 men.
No firing in the forenoon; firing in afternoon on pnrty in No. 1 mortar battery from rear of Redan, replied to by a 13-inch mortar.
1855.
May 14, Night.
S P.M. to 2 A.M.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
Working Party.
. . 450 men.
rfaitu S Capt’^HASSARD, R.E. y (. Lieut. Gordon, RJ2.
Two hundred and twenty-five men employed iu the advance of No. 7, and on right of No. 8 in improving cover aud forming trench ; also revetment of flank gun No. 8 battery rebuilt, and left cheek of embrasure. Sleepers for mortal' platforms for proposed battery, No. 13, between 7 and 8 carried out, and also tubs placed in advanced cave and No. 7 battery. This party was under the superintendence of Lieut Gordon, R.E.
2d parallel, parapet raised and thickened on the right of No. 10 battery. No. 12 battery, parapet thickened from the front, and revetment raised three courses of sandbags. No. 11 battery, stones cleared from top of parapet, and earth shovelled to front, and parapet thickened by emptying sandbags. 1st parallel, No. 1 mortar battery, the right parapet improved and gaps filled up.
Three men of the working party wounded during the night. At 7 P.M. observed a kite flying over the Flagstaff Batteiy, supposed to be French.
Wounded, 4 rank aud file.
Day very fine. Wind S.E.
Right Attack.
Wobkijtg Party.
rf 1st relief, 200 men.
Line .... (2d relief, 40 „
Sappers ... 20 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
Two brigades of Sappers were employed in general superintendence, &c., as follows :—
Half brigade, thickening the parapet aud epaulment of No. 14 battery ; half brigade, improving cover in the new communication j towards the French ; half brigade, repairing loop-holes in the 3d parallel; half brigade, repairing the left advance. One brigade of carpenters were employed preparing a site for a 13- iuch sea-service platform in No. 12 batteiy.
A working party of 200 men of the Line were employed as follows :—
100 men in No. 14 battery, thickening its parapet and epaulment ; 40 men were improving the cover in the new communication k towards the French ; 20 men, repairing loopholes in 3d parallel ; 20 men, repairing the left advance ; 20 men, clearing communication to right rifle-pit N.
The above working party worked from 8 p.ji. till
2 A.M.
Besides the above, a relief of 40 men of the covering party was furnished at 2 a.m., and worked till 4.30 a.m. at the following works :—
20 men in new communication ; 20 repairing left advance.
The night was very fine, and there was no firing on either side.
All the parties worked satisfactorily.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.E.
1855.
May 14, Night.
8 P.M. to 4i A.M.

216
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Reports from Look-out Station.
1855. During the last few days the enemy have been strengthening their new works generally,
a May. and more particularly at the “ Bastion du Mat ” and “ Ouvrages Blancs.”
Some days ago, 1,500 carts were seen to arrive, and between 400 and 500 came in yesterday.
Last night the usual amount of desultory firing.
9 May. Five battalions were seen to come into camp yesterday, and one battalion marched into
the town. This morning there was a thick fog over the town, rendering it difficult to discern objects. The
Russians appear to have opened three embrasures in a sort of retrenched battery behind the Redan, and they
are at work at another in front of the sheers ; they have also extended their rifle pits in front of the English Right attack more towards the ravine, and have been piling up stones as if they intended to construct others in front of them.
10 May. A serious attack was made on the front of our two boyaux about one o’clock this morning.
As the firing was heavy and sustained, the troops in camp turned out.
The enemy was unable to enter our works at any point, so well prepared were the guard of the trenches, who repulsed the attacks with considerable loss to the enemy. Heavy fire of shells upon our works throughout the night. Nothing could be better than the conduct of our troops on this occasion. The camp on the north side has increased in size considerably.
12 May. Three barges were seen yesterday repairing or completing the inner boom across the harbour.
This morning at 5 o’clock about 1,000 men marched from the camp towards the town.
A heavy cannonade was opened towards the French left about 10 o’clock last night, accompanied with musketry, which extended only partially along our front. The night has been extremely boisterous and rainy. The enemy appears to have done little to any of his works.
13 May. There was a sharp fire of guns and musketry opened in front of our attack, about half past 2 this morning, not followed up by any attack.
Our troops, instead ol' waiting quietly the approueli of the enemy, have acquired a habit of firing fftvay, and cheering, whenever a volley happens to be fired at them from the rifle pits in their front. The consequence is, that there is a great deal of confusion, in which they frequently wound each other, and cause a great expenditure of ammunition, which is worse than useless. These alerts are so common that they no longer cause alarm in the camps, and should the enemy really advance with an intention of seriously attacking our works we shall probably not be prepared for him.
A very heavy cannonade commenced half an hour before midnight, and continued without intermission for three hours, accompanied with a sharp fire of musketry, on the French left. No firing in front of our attack, and the night passed off quietly. The only alteration in the enemy’s works is the construction of a small mortar and Coehorn battery in front of the Mamelon, and that the field works on the high ground towards the Balbec have the appearance of being completed.
GENERAL ORDERS.
n May. No. 5. The dirty state of some parts of the trenches, particularly in the Right attack, has been reported to the commander of the forces.
The field officers on duty will give directions that a party of the guard shall be employed in covering the places used as latrines with sufficient lime and soil. This work is to be continued daily.
14 May. No. 4. The men of some regiments have lately adopted the most unmilitary practice of shouting and cheering when on duty in the trenches, thereby creating confusion, and pointing out to the enemy where to fire upon them.
This practice is positively forbidden, except when charging the enemy at the point of the bayonet.
This order will be read to the parties parading for the trenches every evening.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
217
BRIGADE ORDERS.
1855.
9 May. Whenever working parties of Turks are employed by the department, the acting adjutant of whichever attack the men are paraded for will send a return showing their number and the nature of the service on which they have been engaged, at the same time as the morning reports from the trenches, for the information of the major-general commanding.
E. F. Boitkciiif.r,
Captain, R.E.,
Brigade-Major.
May io. No. 1. The Inspection of the Royal Sappers and Miners ordered for 11 o’clock will not take place.
No. 2. A report having been received from the Adjutant-general by the major-general commanding, that the working party of one of the regiments ordered to the trenches of the Left attack on the night of the 7th instant did not work for want of tools, after full inquiry made of th e officers of engineers on duty that night, the major-general is led to understand that tools had been provided for the working party, hut from some of those difficulties which will unavoidably occur in the darkness of the night, and the men having been taken away to the place where they were required to work, instead of in the first instance providing them with tools before doing so, the difficulties increased, and nearly the entire night was lost in sending men for tools, who mistook the place where the depot had been formed, and lost sight of the Sapper who had been sent to conduct them to it.
The major-general requests that the officers going on duty will invariably make themselves acquainted with the places where tools are deposited for the working parties coming on duty, and ascertain that the proper number are so placed for the men.
The captain on duty should, as soon as the men have been told off to their respective works, visit them, and satisfy himself that all is going on correctly and properly.
The major-general has great satisfaction in observing that this is the first report of any irregularity that has been made, so far as he can learn, during the long period that the siege operations have been carrying on, which reflects great credit upon the officers of Royal Engineers, as well as the non-commissioned officers and privates of the Royal Sappers and Miners.
3. It appears from the morning reports that the enemy were heard last night, previously to the attack on the front line, at work ; but no attempt to discover what they were about, or in what numbers, was made by means of light balls, and the major-general begs that they may be more frequently used, as it is of great importance to ascertain what additional works are in course of construction.
4. The major-general places at the disposal of the director of each attack 100 gabions only. The indiscriminate use of this most valuable article renders it exceedingly difficult to collect a supply which shall be adequate to ulterior operations.
E. F. BoUBCHIEIt,
Major, R.E.,
Brigade-Major.
General Dalesmes accompanied General Jones on the morning of the 13th May.
H. I). J.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
During the above period the working parties appear to have exerted themselves, and have performed the work allotted to them to the great satisfaction of the engineers. This favourable change may be attributed to the fine weather, and the better condition of the men to undergo fatigue.
E E

218
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The enemy’s fire upon the Left attack has been much more continuous and heavy than upon the other portions of our lines.
A promising young officer of the engineers, Lieutenant Carter, was killed by a round shot in No. 8 battery.
On the night of the 1st the French made a very successful attack upon the enemy’s advanced works, in front of the Bastion Central, which were carried at the point of the bayonet; they sustained a considerable loss in this brilliant affair.
The electric telegraph wire communicating with the submarine cable at the Monastery has been laid down, and that to Kazatch Bay for the admiral is in progress.
This has been an active period ; with sorties and heavy firing from the garrison a good many casualties have occurred ; no damage of any consequence to our works.
General Jones, considering it highly important that the state of the siege operations should be brought under the notice of the field-marshal, handed to him a memo., a copy of which is as follows:—
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, lOtli May 1855.
The question put by General Caurobert is, whether the assault of the whole of the exterior works ought to be immediate, and to precede the general operations which are preparing.
The object of the memorandum of the 7th instant was to point out the altered state of affairs in front of the English attack, which it was considered most important should be brought under the notice of the Generals commanding-in-chief, before the period arrived for the assault, which might, by the progress the French are making in their approaches, be found necessary and expedient sooner than was intended or desired.
The works which have been thrown up in front of the English Right attack since the 23d April have so materially altered the relative strength of the two positions that the ground in front of the English which was nearly unoccupied on the 23d April is now studded with strong rifle-screens, connected with each other by trenches of communication, and also with the place.
The Quarries in front of the Redan have now assumed a formidable appearance.
These changes would render necessary an alteration in the plan of the attack proposed on the 23d April, bccauso it would be highly dangerous and imprudent to attempt a lodgment upon the principal line of the enemy’s works, whilst those in our immediate front remained occupied by the enemy.
The Mamelon being in the same line, and seeing the Quarries in reverse, must be occupied before we can take a step in advance.
It would be desirable that the generals of the artillery and engineers of the two armies should meet, and prepare a report upon the state of the siege operations, and, after due consideration, to state their opinion whether an immediate assault should be made upon the advanced works, or to allow the enemy to go on strengthening his positions until within a few days of making the lodgment upon the enemy’s main line. The driving the enemy from his present advanced position will be an operation “ per se,” and only particular batteries required to open their fire.
It might be satisfactory if General Canrobert would name an officer of the French engineers to inspect the enemy’s works in front of the English Right attack, the better to form an opinion of their strength, and to report his opinion respecting them, for the information of the general-in-cliief.
General Jones will be ready to accompany any officer General Caurobert may be pleased to appoint for so doing.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Field Marshal the Lord Raglan, G.C.B., Major-General,
&c. &c. &c. Comdg. Royal Engineer.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
219
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
Kay 15, Say.
8 A.3I. to 5 P.M.
Working- Party.
Line . . . . Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 150 men.
12d relief, 139 „
40 men 33 „
Lieut. Neyille, RE.
One hundred and fifty men were employed in the morning, and 139 in the afternoon, besides 40 men of the Naval Brigade, at No. 2. battery ; the parapet at No. 1. gun was heightened where indented ; at No. 8. battery the revetment on the right of flank gun was rebuilt and revetted, also the end of the traverse ; revetments rebuilt near small shell room, and banquette raised.
No. 11 battery, platforms cleared, and terrepleine excavated, and holes filled up for roadway, earth thrown over parapet, and sandbags filled inside the battery, and also brought up from the rear ; at No. 12 battery, terrepleine excavated ; at No. 10 battery, 30 men were employed in clearing up the battery ; also in No. 1 boyau, 3 Sappers employed in cutting through rock at the caves ; No. 1 traverse, No. 2 battery, half rebuilt ; No. 1 magazine repaired ; earth placed on shell room ; traverse right of No. 1 battery strengthened and revetted.
One Sapper (Private Wiles) wounded by a stone from round shot at the caves.
A French mine was sprung at 10 - 5 a.m. in front of Bastion du Mat, also a larger one at 6 p.m. 2 kites observed flying from French lines over the Flagstaff Battery, taken down at 11 a.m.
The enemy opened fire from a mortar near No. 2 Garden Battery. Captain Henry, R. A., returned with 13-inch shell from No. 3 battery, and enemy’s fire ceased.
WORKING PARTY.
1855. Line .... 330 men.
May 15, Night. Sappers ... 24 „
8 A.M. to 5 p.m. Officer on duty Eiphinstone,
21-gun battery, 1 brigade of Sappers, with 60 men in the 1st and 35 in the second relief, employed in repairing embrasures, one magazine, and traverses, and levelling ground near the left mortar battery No. 6., so as to enable the sea-service mortal's to be brought into the battery. One brigade of carpenters employed in improving the entrance to the centre powder magazine in the caves. No. 12 battery, one brigade of carpenters employed in preparing ground for laying sea-service mortar platforms. No. 14 battery, one brigade of carpenters, with 60 men in the first and 50 in the second relief, continued its construction. The parapet is at present about 17 feet in thickness (increased along the superior slope). No. 9 battery, 20 men employed repairing entrance to one of the magazines. Advanced parallel, half brigade of Sappers, with 60 men in the first and 50 in the second relief, employed repairing parapet, forming banquettes, and clearing drains. At about 10 a.m. I observed two kites hovering over the French Left or main attack for about an liour-and-a half. They appeared to be about 25 to 30 feet long, exclusive of the tail. The upper half was coloured white ; the lower red.
Working Party.
May 15, Night. Line .... 450 men.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. Sappers ... 15 „
Officer on duty Capt. Armit, R.E.
One hundred and fifty men making trench between right of second and third parallel; 100 men, No. 10 battery (right of), revetting and raising cover ; 100 men improving cover, Nos, 3, 5, and 6 boyaux, and making drains ; 100 men advance trenches, No. 7 battery, improving.
All pretty quiet ; 6 casualties, including one
Sapper wounded in the head by a stone.
Killed, 1 rank and fde. Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.E.
Working Party-.
May 15, Night. Line .... 200 men.
8 A.M. to 4 a.m. Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
Carpenters making platform (mortar) in No. 12 battery. 100 men of the Line with half brigade of Sappers employed in No. 14 battery, strengthening the left gun portion, and putting earth on the magazine in the epaulment. One brigade of Sappers and 40 men finishing the new trench k. in front of the right mortars, No. 8 battery, and making a drain from the rifle pit a. Half brigade of Sappers and 60 men replaced gabions in the left advance throughout where required, made good loop holes in the returns to the right and rifle pit ; generally employed in repairs
e e 2

220
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
which cannot be done by day. The men worked satisfactorily.
During the night one 8-inch-gun was brought into No. 14 battery, and mounted on its platform. Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.E.
1855.
May 16, Say.
8 A.M. tO 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 220 men.
12d relief, 200 „
f 1st relief, 100 „
12d relief, 34 „
30 men.
S Capt. Chapman, 20th t Regt.
1st relief.
First parallel, No. 2. battery, 100 men rebuilding merlons of one and two guns ; making ramp to platform in No. 4 battery ; filled 1,250 sandbags.
Second parallel, No. 11 battery, 25 men finishing terrepleine and building magazine ; preparing terre- pleine on left.
No. 10, 50 men levelling terrepleine ; heightening and thickening parapet ; clearing drain on right.
Third parallel, 50 men on right of No. 8, rebuilding merlon of No. 1 gun, and traverse on right; No. 13, 20 men excavating for mortur platforms, and completing banquette through the centre of the parallel, drained on the left; 25 men building new revetment in the advanced post.
2d relief
Were employed in a similar manner. Two platforms were laid in No. 2 battery.
The enemy did not molest the working parties during the day. I observed large numbers at work in the higher Garden batteries.
This day, the trenches of this attack were visited by his Lordship the field marshal, Major-General Jones, and General La Marmora.
(Signed) E. E. B.
May 16, Night.
8 F.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party. Line .... 415 men.
Sappers ... 17 „
Oncers on duty {
Some part of the communication to the caves was repaired where damaged ; the parapet of the advanced cave was continued to be revetted with casks on the left, and a little was done towards making a return on the right, but not much, on account of the rocky nature of the ground.
1855.
May 16, Day.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 22 „
Officer's on dutv ( Ca P 4 - Browne, R.E. ujjicers on auty t Licut Geavb8 e e
Three brigades of Sappers and two of carpenters employed in general superintendence, &c., as detailed below :
A working party of 200 men thus employed :
21-gun battery, 30 men and 6 Sappers completing No. 4 magazine, parapet and traverse on left of No. 11 gun, and traverse on left of No. 15 gun. No. 14 battery, one brigade carpenters altering position of hurters ; one brigade of carpenters and 60 men completing magazine, battery, &c.
No. 9 battery, 10 men repairing middle traverse, and 3 Sappers picketing hides on embrasures. Left advance sap, one brigade of Sappers and 100 men improving cover from first boyau to extreme advance. New communication from third parallel to rifle pit n ( right) communication, half brigade Sappers excavating rock. The work was satisfactory, and no casualties reported amongst the working party.
Working Party.
May 16, Night. Line .... 200 men.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Drake, it. 17
Eighty men in No. 14 battery, throwing to the front the earth thrown up during the day ; covering the left magazine and right epaulment ; thickening left of battery.
Eighty men in the left advanced trenches, repairing parapets where injured by shot or weather ; remaking

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
221
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
'Hie communication at the top of the shaft leading from the caves, and the trench on its right, were improved by deepening, and obtaining better cover. The front of the advanced post was completely revetted with casks, and the parapet made good, but not sufficiently to form loop-holes.
The zig-zag trenches in front *of No. 7, and the serpentine communication or sap leading to the rifle screen (c), were deepened, and casks were placed in what I thought the best positions for defilading the work from the batteries bearing on it. Traverses were made at one of the angles. The parapet of the trench on the right of No. 8 battery was heightened so as to afford better cover, which is in some places very good, but in others, owing to the nature of the ground, by no means perfect. I consider that Sappers might be sent in the daytime to blast away the most difficult portions.
The intended parapet on the right of No. 10 battery was altered in form and heightened.
The enemy fired a great number of shells, apparently from the battery at the head of the Dockyard Creek, at the works in front of No. 7 battei-y, also grape shot, shell, &c. at the trench on the right of No. 8, from tlio Barrack batteries, aiul from the same into the Woronzoff Road.
Killed, 3 rank and flic. Wounded, 5 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) S.
Working Party.
(1st relief, 295 men.
• • 12d relief, S38 „
/ 1st relief, 40
1855.
May 17, Say.
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
Line .
Sailors Sappers ,
Sam
Offic
'cer on duty
(2d relief, 30 „
28 men.
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows Fifty men, 1st relief, 70 men, 2d relief, in No. 11 battery ; 30 men, 1st relief, 30 men, 2d relief, in No. 1 mortar battery ; 40 men, 1st relief, 40 men, 2d relief, in No. 12 battery ; 30 men, 1st relief, 30 men, 2d relief, in second parallel to the right of No. 10 battery ; 15 men, 1st relief, 15 men, 2d relief, in the caves in advanced trench; 30 men in No. 13 battery, or mortar battery between Nos. 7 and 8 batteries ; 1st relief, 30 men, 2d relief, 50 men ; 1st relief, 30 men, 2d relief, in advanced post new trench in front of No. 7 battery, and in No. 7 battery ; 30 men, 1st relief, 30 men, 2d relief, in flank gun of No. 8 battery. In No. 11 battery a lean-to magazine was commenced, frames fixed, and a layer of sandbags placed on it; the ground for No. 8 gun, No. 11
loopholes, and thickening parapet where weak, from the outside. 20 men in the new communication k in front of the right advanced mortar battery, No. 8, in creating cover where required ; completing the left portion, and breaking into the third parallel. 12 men in the 21-gun battery, covering left mortar magazine, and repairing 2-gun battery, No. 1, on the right.
The parties worked well. An unusally quiet night. At ten o’clock a light ball was fired in the direction of a party of the enemy working in front of the centre of the third parallel ; no men, however, to be seen in the open. I had the Coehorn mortars moved into the third parallel for this purpose.
As I was leaving the battery this morning the enemy fired about 15 rounds in quick succession from the Mamelon at the French 15-gun battery and the 21-gun battery.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) S.
1855.
May 17, Day.
8$ A.M. to 5$ P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 200 „
32 men.
Capt. Stanton, R.E.
Working parties were employed in the 21-gun battery, covering the roof of No. 4 magazine with earth ; in the 8-gun battery, No. 9, repairing the revetments, &c. ; in No. 14 battery, thickening the epaulment, and covering the roofs of the magazines ; in the advanced parallel, making up the banquette. The carpenters were employed in No. 12 battery laying a sea-service mortar platform ; in No. 14 battery, shifting the lnirters, &c., &c. ; in the 21-gun battery, taking up a sea-service mortar platform damaged by a mortar shell.
The Sappers were employed throughout the works superintending, and repairing the revetments.
An explosion occurred in or near the Flagstaff Battery during the morning, but I could not ascertain whether a mine was sprung or a magazine exploded.

222
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
Left Attack.
battery, was prepared for the platforms ; Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 gun embrasures were cut out to the depth of 6 feet. In No. 1 mortal- battery, the parapet was raised two courses of sandbags, and the earth filled in behind. In No. 12 mortar battei-y the terrepleine was excavated for platforms, and the parapet raised and thickened.
In the caves the men were employed in filling sandbags for the traverse, and in putting up and filling the 2d row of barrels in advanced caves. In the new advanced trench 780 sandbags were filled. In the advanced post the space was filled up behind the barrels, and the parapet increased in height. A traverse was placed at the entrance of the magazine in No. 7 battery. In the mortar battery, No. 13, between Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, one platform was commenced and laid, the site for another prepared, and a traverse commenced. The right merlon of No. 7 gun, No. 8 battery, was prepared, and the triangular magazine in the flank gun of No. 8 removed, and the frames of a rectangular one fixed ; a mantlet was also fixed in the embrasure.
Sappers employed superintending, blasting, and laying platforms.
Tlic enemy fired on tlio now udvanced trench with mortars from the Garden Wall batteries, upon which, as the men had nearly finished their task, I withdrew them ; the men worked very well.
P.S.—The navy supplied a working party, 1st relief of 36 ; 2d relief, which worked at No. 2 battery, rebuilding Nos. 1, 2, and 3 gun portions.
Right Attack.
A large convoy of waggons arrived on the north side of the harbour about 10 a.m.
This day, the trenches of this attack, were visited by his Lordship the field marshal, Major-General Jones, and General La Marmora.
(Signed) E. F. B.
1855.
May 17, Might.
8 p.m. to 2 a.m.
Wobkixg Pamt.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
460 men.
IS „
Capt. HAS8AED, R.E. Lieut. Gkauam, R.E.
No. 9 battery, 25 men filling up parapet on right of No. 1 gun, where the parapet is hollow, and a shot had gone through; No. 11 battery, 75 men commenced new epaulment on left, and extended parapet on left five feet.
No. 12 battery, parapet thickened from outside and inside for the additional gun portion, 50 men ; right of No. 10 battery, parapet thickened and raised, right flank, No. 8 battery, 50 men ; trench, where connected to parallel with stones, increased ; right of second parallel, zig-zig communication commenced to meet trench from third parallel ; about three feet of good cover made, 150 men. Both these parties under
1855.
May 17, Might.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOBKIXG PAETY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
21-gun battery, one brigade of carpenters laying platform for a sea-service mortar.
The Royal Artillery mounted a 13-inch sea-service mortar on the other platform in this battery, No. 6. Half brigade of Sappers and 20 men revetted No. 10 embrasure, building sandbag wall in front of No. 4 magazine, &c. No. 13 battery, one Sapper and ten men removing masks from neck to throat of embrasures, lean-to magazine, and No. 14 battery. Half brigade of Sappers and 60 men making alterations in sandbag screen for lean-to magazine, throwing more earth on roofs of do., and on epaulment to the right of the battery, No. 9. 8-gun

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
223
Left Attack.
Lieut. Graham, R.E. Trench from right of No. 8 battery improved, and new zig-zag commenced to connect it with the second parallel ; length of new work 124 yards ; total length about .530 yards.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.E.
Right Attack.
battery, the masks removed from necks to throats of embrasures at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 guns, one Sapper and ten men. New right communication i, one brigade of Sappers and 20 men at work on left of this communication, deepening.
The Sappers employed quarrying. There is sufficient cover in this part of the communication k to work by day. 21-gun battery, right and left approaches, as far as second parallel, second line of batteries, and second parallel, one Sapper and 80 men, clearing, draining, &c.
Very quiet night. Heard a small working party somewhere in advance of our right approaches. Fired one light ball from the advanced mortar battery, No. 8, but failed to discover the party.
Killed, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.E.
1855.
May 18, Day.
A.M. to 51 P.M.
Wobkikg Pasty.
Line . . . . £
Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty |
1st relief, 193 men. 2d relief, 1S1 „
20 men.
23 „
Lieut. Jokes, 46th Rest.
No. 2 battery, 20 men of the Naval Brigade rebuilding three right gun portions from 8 to 12 a.m. ; 20 men and 1 Sapper sinking powder boxes for water in each battery, both reliefs ; No. 11 battery, 50 men in the 1st and 46 in the 2d relief, with two Sappers, filling sandbags ; 50 men and one Sapper forming banquette in second parallel, both reliefs ; 25 men rebuilding revetment of magazine, and filling sandbags in rear of redoubt, from 8 to 12 a.m. ; 25 men and one Sapper building traverse on right of No. 13 battery, both reliefs.
Twenty-five men in the 1st relief, and 40 in the 2d relief, and two Sappers, building magazine on right of No. 8 battery.
One corporal and three Sappers blasting in right flank trench ; No. 14 battery to h, one corporal and six Sappers blasting for terrepleine ; four Sappers laying two mortar platforms in No. 13 battery ; one Sapper in charge of tools, and one Sapper at Picquet- house.
There were six Sappers sick.
1855.
May 18, Day.
5 A.M. to 5i P.M.
WOBKINQ PABTY.
Line . , Sappers .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 130 men. i. 2d relief, 130 „
32 men.
Cant. De Moleyxs, R.E.
Capt. WoiBELEY, 90th Eegt.
<
The Sappers were employed, brigndos in
Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries, revetting cheeks of embrasures.
One brigade in left advance, forming banquettes and improving cover; half brigade in advanced parallel, forming banquettes and improving cover ; one brigade of carpenters laying sea-service mortar platforms, 21-gun battery ; one brigade laying a sea- service platform in No. 11 battery.
The Line were employed, two reliefs :—
60 men, left advance sap.
30 „ advanced parallel.
30 „ in Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries.
10 „ in No. 11 mortar battery.
The working parties worked well, and were not disturbed in any way by the enemy, and there were no casualties.

224
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
May 18, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line .... 450 men.
Sappers ... 12 „
run***,. ~~ a,.* . f Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Officers on duty (c'apt. Armit, R.E.
Nb. 5 battery, two old embrasures half revetted and filled up ; No. 8 battery, revetted four courses over small shell-room, and earth carried up ; trench on right flank of third parallel, 50 men employed in increasing the cover ; 150 men employed in deepening trench communicating with second parallel.
In the second parallel on the right of No. 10 battery, 100 men employed in heightening the parapet ; two splinter proof traverses laid out and built up two feet. In No. 10 battery, the parapet of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns thickened, and earth heaped above magazine ; No. II battery, left epaulment laid out and revetted with sandbags four feet six inches, stones carried and thrown into the centre of the epaulment ; No. 12 mortar battery, parapet thickened from the outside. The bodies of two Russians were buried.
At about 20 minutes to 2 o’clock a.m. a large explosion took place close to the Bastion du Mat. The Russians immediately opened a fire of shot and shell, and threw a rocket. The fire was replied to immediately from the French lines.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 126° ; in the shade 84°.
Working Party.
May 19, Say. Line .... 200 men.
21 P.M. to 01 P.M. Sappers ... 36 „
Officer on duty Lt. Donxeley, R.E.
Ten men of the Naval Brigade were employed in repairing Nos. 3 and 4 embrasures, No. 2 battery. 40 men were at work on the site of No. 5 battery, making a hut and depot for tools. 40 men were thickening the parapet of the second parallel between Nos. 9 and 12 batteries, and revetting it with stones ; 50 men were at work in No. 11 battery, filling sandbags, cutting out embrasures, levelling for No. 8 platform, and sinking watercans ; 24 men in No. 7 battery were repairing revetment of magazine, sinking watercans, and making up bad portions of No. 6 boyaux ; 20 men were making a traverse in No. 13 mortar battery ; 6 men rebuilding No 1 embrasure of No. 8 battery ; 20 men were at work in the battery No. 14,
1855.
May 18, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
Two brigades of Sappers and one of carpenters were employed as follows :—
Half brigade masking embrasures in batteries Nos. 9 and 13 ; half brigade strengthening magazine in No. 14 battery ; half brigade quarrying in the new communication k towards the French ; half brigade repairing loop-holes in left communication.
The brigade of carpenters were employed in laying a sea-service mortar platform in No. 12 battery. A working party of 200 men of the Line were employed from 8 p.m. till 2 a.m. as follows :—
Eighty men repairing left communication ; 20 men repairing loop-holes, &c. in third parallel ; 60 men putting earth on top of magazine in No. 14 battery ; 20 men improving cover in new communication k towards the French ; 20 men repairing loop-holes in second parallel.
The night was very fine, and the parties worked satisfactorily.
About 1.30 a.m. a loud explosion resembling the springing of a mine opposite or in the French Left attack.
The enemy’s fire during the night was weak, and did no damage.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 126° ; shade 84°.
May 19, Say.
7i A.M. tO 9} A.M. 2 P.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 140 men. 2d relief, 150 „
20 men.
Lt. Murray, R.E.
In the morning from 74 to 9^ 140 men were employed, and in the evening from 2 to 6, 150 men. I was unable to get working parties before about 74 a.m., and on account of the heat they were only employed for two hours. 15 men and half brigade of Sappers were employed in the new trench k in front of the mortar battery No. 8 in the third parallel, 80 men in the second parallel, increasing the parapet, repairing the banquette, &c., 45 men in Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries, revetting two embrasures in No. 9 ; completing the magazine on the left of No. 14, and fixing hides on the cheeks of the embrasures in No. 13 battery. In the afternoon the parlies were employed nearly as above, except that

225
\
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
directed on the Quarries, levelling for platform, and throwing earth on the magazine.
The Sappers were employed blasting for platforms in No. 8 battery, in No. 13 mortar battery, in No. 12 mortar battery, and in No. 11 battery, and in general superintendence.
One sailor was killed and another badly wounded while at work in No. 2 battery.
1855.
IWay 19, Night.
8 p.ir. to 2 a.ji.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Working Party - . . . 4&i men.
Capt. Belsox, R.E.
The left epaulment of No. 11 battery was raised and revetted with sandbags, and thickened.
The parapet of the two left mortar portions of No. 12 battery was thickened from the outside ; on the right of No. 10 battery a traverse which had been built in the parallel was removed to another place, and the parallel itself raised for a certain distance (150 feet). The cover in the zig-zag trenches leadingfrom the right of the second parallel was improved, and a new communication made to the rifle screen f 3 on the right (overlooking the Woronzoff Road), length 160 feet. The cover in the trench, right of No. 8 battery, was also improved where most defective, and a small traverse made. A new piece of trench was commenced from the rifle screen (c) in front of No. 7 battery to the nearest rifle pit e 1 , length 130 feet. Two new rifle screens (1) were commenced on each flank of the second rifle screen e 2 , counting from the left about 25 feet gorge. A fire was kept up from the flank gun of No. 8 battery, and also from a gun and a mortar in the first parallel, and some riflemen in the pits on the right of No. 8 battery, upon the quarry in the enemy’s possession, and the trench they have lately commenced on its right. This morning the work appears to be in the same state as it was last night. At 4 o’clock this morning I got a party of one sergeant and 36 Sappers, and 200 men of the Line, who are at present being employed.
P.S.—I do not think from the appearance of the trench from quarry that the Russians worked last night.
Two hundred tents are being fitted up this morning in the trenches. (Signed) G.B.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 110°.
Right Attack.
a party was employed carrying to the 21-gun battery the materials of two platforms which have been taken up in No. 12 battery, and small parties repairing damage‘done by a shell on the right approach, and placing some sandbags at the magazine of the advanced mortar battery, No 8. One brigade of Sappers employed with the party in the third parallel, and one in Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries.
The carpenters finished the platform for the sea- service mortar on the left of the 21-gun battery, and worked at that in No. 12. batteiy.
It was remarked that the Russians had made a trench from the (proper) right of the Quarries about 60 yards long, inclining to the rear.
1855.
May 19, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Paett.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 2ft men.
Officer on duty Lt. Anderson, R.E.
One brigade of Sappers employed in laying a sea- service mortar platform in No. 12 battery (finished) ; relaying platform in No. 8 battery. 100 men and half brigade of Sappers, in No. 9 battery, placing earth on both magazines, and regulating the superior crest of the parapet ; making good the parapet of No. 13 battery. 30 men and three quarters brigade of Sappers thickening the pnrapot in tho contre advance rifle pit a, making new loop-holes, and repairing damages caused by round shot. 20 men and half brigade of Sappers covering in by a trench and parapet a well e about 20 yards outside the present well in the third parrallel.
The water seems very good, and sufficient cover was procured to enable the troops to fetch water during the day.
The second sea-service mortar was mounted during the night on the left of the 21-gun battery. 300 tents* for the use of the covering party were handed over yesterday evening from the Left attack.
The Land Transport Corps, in carrying water to the battei’ies, do not keep sufficiently under cover, especially in first coming into the battery. Three guns from the Mamelon opened on them last night in consequence.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 110°. * “ Tentes d’abri."
F F

226
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855 .
May ZO, Day. 4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 36 „
Officer on duty Capt. Belson, E.E.
Working parties from 4 to 8 this morning tvere employed in the following manner :—
In putting up the tentes d’abri in each parallel ; in No. 3 battery, rebuilding traverses on the right, and filling sandbags for that purpose; in No. 11 battery, filling sandbags, and working at the left epaulment. A small party were filling sandbags for the Sappers who were working at the communication to the caves below the advanced post, and some sleepers for the platforms of No. 13 battery were carried out. Parties of Sappers were employed blasting in No. 11 battery, in No. 12 battery, in No. 13 battery, in the trench right of No. 8, and in the communication before mentioned.
3 p.m. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 25 men.
Sailors ... 60 „
Sappers . .. . 30 ..
Officer on duty {Ca^CHAPMAB, 20th
Sixty sailors in No. 2 battery, rebuilding merlons of 3 and 4 guns ; 50 men clearing ground in No. 5 battory, for new at ore ; 25 mon in No. 11 bnttei-y, finishing off terrepleine, completing road for guns, thickening epaulment on left ; 50 men in second parallel, thickening parapet and building banquette ; 25 men improving communication to advanced post ; 25 men in No. 14 battery, thickening right merlon of No. 1 gun, finished rebuilding, terrepleine levelled ; 10 men cutting passage round, and building traverse, in No. 13 ; 50 men carrying platforms to second and third parallels.
The Sapper who had to superintend the erection of the trench tents reported the abduction from the works of three. I made every inquiry, but could hear nothing of them.
Working Party.
2®ay 20, Night. Line .... 45ft men.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. Sappers ... 14 „
Officer on duty Capt. H ASSART), E.E.
Flank gun of No. 8 batteiy, earth on top thrown forward, and right merlon repaired and thickened ; communication from second parallel on right of No. 8 battery, parapet raised and thickened ; left advanced trench cover improved, and continued to the front.
Caves, five tubs taken down, and formed a revetment to form screen against Barrack Battery.
Right Attack.
1855 . '
May ZO, Day. 4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 A.M. to 7 T.M.
Working Paety.
Line .... 110 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty ELPmN8T0KE -
Batteries Nos. 9, 13, and 14, one brigade of Sappers and 30 men employed in revetting embrasures with iron gabions and hides ; left advance and advanced parallel, half brigade of Sappers and 60 men employed in forming banquettes, repairing loopholes, and increasing the cover, new communication i from the advanced parallel; 1 brigade of Sappers and 15 men employed increasing cover, No. 12 battery ; 1 brigade of carpenters completed sea-service mortar platform ; 10 men employed during the afternoon relief in carrying the former platform to the rear ; 300 “ tentes d’abri ” were handed over to us yesterday morning ; about 150 of them have been pitched, partly in the 21-gun battery and the communications to its right and left, partly in batteries Nos. 14, 13, and 9, and a few in the advanced parallel, No. 2, left demi-parallel, and left rifle-pit. They answer their purpose very well indeed, and can easily be shifted from place to place ; but I am afraid it will be difficult to prevent their being injured or destroyed. The uprights are a very tempting piece of firewood.
I Working Party - .
177Gy 20, Night. 1 Line .... 150 men.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. i Sappers ... 20 „
1 Officer on duty Lieut. Graves, E.E.
»
Clearing out No. 12 battery ; thickening communication between Nos. 14 and 9Jjatteries ; continuing revetment of No. 9 battery ; deepening communication between No. 9 and No. 8 battery ; repairing damages to parapet of advanced work. The parties worked in a[satisfactory manner. Carpenters finished platform in No. 8 battery, and also repaired that in

.JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
227
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Place of arms, formerly rifle-screen (d) in front of No. 8 to the right, continued, and cover improved. These parties were under the superintendence of Major Chapman, 20th Regiment, acting engineer. Second parallel on right of No. 10, cover improved and traverse heightened, also communication to the advanced trench on right of second parallel deepened ; No. 11 battery, merlon on left heightened three courses of bags, and roadway made for guns in rear of platforms. The parties stood to their arms once, the sentries having run in. Captain Sinclair of the 57th, working party, immediately posted sentries from the party, until relieved by the re-appearance of the former sentries.
The Russians were heard working in front of the Redan, but there only being two light balls the general officer thought they should be reserved in case of a sortie. They do not appear to have increased the length of their trench. Corporal Swan, 11th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, severely wounded in the leg by a grape shot. One mortar platform laid in No. 12 battery.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.E. Thermometer in the sun 90°.
1855.
May 21, Day.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Paett.
Line .... 250 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Ojjicer on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
First parallel, right mortar battery, sinking for magazine, six men ; No. 1 battery, raising traverse and forming ramp of No. 1 gun, 20 men ; No. 11 battery, laying gun platform on left, strengthening magazine, collecting and stacking sandbags, 29 men. Second parallel, revetting and thickening parapet from outside, 150 men. Third parallel, No. 14 battery, laying gun platform on right, building abutment on left of traverse, at which one man, a Sapper, was killed ; No. 13 battery, laying platform, and forming traverses ; No. 7 battery, throwing up loose earth.
No. 11. The Russians were heard at work in the advanced trenches during the night, but nothing new observed. A fire of artillery on both sides during the night, but no musketry.
Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.E. Thermometer in the sun 90°.
1855.
May 21, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 100 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
(Capt. Browne, R.E. Officers on duty < Lieut. Sheehy, 64th (. Regiment.
Seven Sappers were employed from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m. ; three as sentries, and the remainder in general superintendence; 13 additional Sappers and one brigade carpenters were employed from 3 i\m. to 7 p.m. in general superintendence, and relaying a mortar platform in No. 10 battery. A working party of 100 men in two reliefs (viz. from 4 to 8 a.m. and from 3 to 7 p.m.) at the following places :—
No. 9 battery, 20 men and four Sappers revetting embrasures with iron gabions and sandbags.
New communication from third parallel to right rifle pits u, nine Sappers and 20 men were employed deepening trench and improving parapet ; trenches in right advance, 60 men employed deepening trenches and improving cover where most necessary ; No. 10 battery, one brigade carpenters relaying a mortar platform.
The enemy have executed some work on the right extremity of the Quarry ; a parapet has been formed to the rear, so as to flank the interior of the
f f 2

228
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 450 men.
t Sappers ... 13 „
_ _-.... ( Capt. Armit, R.E.
Officer on duty ^ Lieut. Graham, R.E.
Ten men cutting road for guns through second parallel; 40 men building up epaulment, No. 11 battery ; 90 men right of No. 10 battery, raising parapet and building traverse ; 180 men excavating right advanced trench ; 30 men revetting embrasure, in thickening parapet, No. 14 battery ; left advanced trench, improving cover, 8tc. Two guns taken into No. 11 battery during the night. No casualties, although a pretty good deal of firing throughout the night.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, ] officer, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E.
Look-ou
Right Attack.
work, and a trench of about 50 yards run out from extremity of Quarry towards the ravine, apparently at an angle of about 120° with face of Quarry.
Working Partt.
Line .... 176 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
Quiet night; the enemy’s fire of shot and shell was rather brisk upon the batteries and the third parallel until 12 p.m. 21-gun battery, repairs to merlon, between 10 and 11 guns and right cheek of No. 17 embrasure, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men ; New communication on right, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men ; old communication on right, the gabions removed from the third parallel to the turn to the right rifle pits. With the exception of three or four, they are all very serviceable. Removed the serviceable gabions, 62 in number, to the depot in the first parallel, half brigade of Sappers ard 40 men. Second parallel to open drains, collected stones in rear of the parallel, and cleared the parallel, half brigade of Sappers and 70 men. This party were much annoyed and several wounded by the fire from the enemy’s guns, in consequence of which they did not collect so many stones as I could wish.
The working party sent down to the trenches numbered more than 200. Of the surplus number I employed 26 men and two Sappers to repair damage done by three round shot at the right rifle pits ; the remainder, by permission of Colonel Trollope, returned to the camp.
No. 10 battery, one brigade of carpenters, mortar platform.
■Wounded, 7 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. t Station.
1855.
May 21, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
1855.
May 21, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
May 15. Nothing particular observed yesterday in the enemy’s works.
The camp on the north side appears considerably enlarged. ,
The Russians appear to have been at work on the mortar battery constructing in front of the Mainelon.
The night has been unusually quiet; but little firing on either side.
7 p.m., the officer at the look-out reports that an unusual number of troops have been seen parading in the town this evening, and that 1,000 men have been seen coming from the opposite side of the harbour.
May 16 . The troops in the advanced works were left undisturbed during the night; not more than the usual number of guns were fired ; nothing new to be seen in the enemy’s lines.
May 18 . Between 4 and 500 arabas were yesterday seen to arrive from the eastward.
No alteration has been observed this morning in the enemy’s works ; the firing during the night has been moderate.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
229
Large working parties are employed on the opposite side of the harbour. Yesterday evening they opened from some guns in their new 5-gun battery on their left of the Mamelon for the first time against the French at Inkermann.
1855 . 130 carts with supplies and 60 with gabions were seen to come into the town yesterday
May 19 . from the northward.
There has been but little firing during the night on either side.
The enemy has been employed in constructing two new rifle-pits looking into the ravine between the Mamelon and the Shears.
May 20. A convoy of about 500 arabas were observed to have arrived yesterday afternoon, and a new camp has been formed near Fort Sivernai. Night passed off quietly.
May 21. Nothing particular during the last 24 hours ; the usual firing in the night.
GENERAL ORDERS.
No. 7.
May 17 . Referring to General Ol der No. 2. of 14th May, the officers and men of the Royal Engineers
and Sappers and Miners will draw fuel and light on the same scale as that sanctioned for the officers and men of the Royal Artillery.
No. 2.
May 20. With reference to General Order No. 4. of 30th March 1855, it is ordered that the working hours for the troops in the trenches shall be as follows, unless otherwise specially required by the Royal Engineers :
Morning, from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m.
Afternoon, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
May 16. Par. No. 1. The major-general commanding desires that officers in making reports of the enemy opening fire from any batteiy will be careful to state at what part of our works it was directed, as it is very desirable to ascertain which point of the attack they are most jealous of.
May 18. Par. No. 3. With reference to General Order, dated 12th instant, par. 1., the return to be sent in by the major-general will not include assistant engineers, medical officers, or chaplains, who will demand bat horses through their own regiments and departments, except Lieut. Sheehy, whose corps is not in the Crimea, and for whom a separate return has been made.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
It being desirable to bring forward from the Picquet-house Batteiy the three 13-inch mortars, sea service, preparations are being made for placing them in No. 6. battery. The great distance from their present position to the landing-place in the town from the north side renders it extremely desirable to bring well under fire every part of the town where much business appears to be going on, and where large numbers of persons are seen to congregate. The steamer from the north side generally discharges her cargo at this point, which is immediately adjacent to Fort Nicholas.
On the nights of the 5th and 9th the enemy’s attacks were repulsed without their having entered the trenches or done any injury to them. The attack of the 9th was of a much more determined

230
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
character, and with a larger body of men. The guard of the trenches behaved nobly, receiving the enemy with such a steady fire that he was obliged to retire, leaving many dead behind him.
The general officer commanding (Colonel Trollope) in the trenches made very judicious arrangements for repulsing a sortie, should such be made, and in great measure to these arrangements may the repulse of the enemy be attributed.
A 13-inch shell fell upon the magazine in battery No. 3., and burst without doing any damage of consequence. The Right attack has been advanced 360 yards; the Left attack 460 yards.
The heat in the trenches is beginning to be very great, and the latrines extremely offensive.
Notwithstanding the orders which have been issued upon the necessity and importance of throwing lime and earth over the places used as such, little attention has been paid to these important sanitary measures.
The guard of the trenches considers that it is not worth their while to labour for others, as they will be relieved in a few hours. *
Those of our allies are in much the same unpleasant state.
The daily expenditure of ammunition by the guards in the trenches is enormous. The men being principally recruits, and the greater number of officers young lads who have been commissioned but a few months, and perfectly ignorant of all their duties, the men are not under control, empty their pouches as soon as they can, and then lay down in the sun to sleep away the remainder of their tour of duty, thus blocking-up the trenches, and preventing a free communication along them. These are great disadvantages, and impose much additional labour upon the engineers and Sappers.
The heavy rain on the 1 Oth made the trenches and batteries in a terrible state.
Opened fire from an 8-inch gun on the right of No. 8. battery, Left attack. This gun takes the Quarries and advanced line of the enemy’s rifle-screens nearly in enfilade; and will no doubt prove a very great annoyance to them.
On the night of the 11th the enemy made a strong sortie against the Left attack. They got into No. 8. battery, but were soon driven back, leaving some dead behind them. Our loss was one officer, 68th Regiment, and five men killed, and one officer and 12 men wounded. No damage whatever was done to the battery. Had the reserve been posted as directed many prisoners might have been made.
A meeting of the chiefs of the English, French, and Turks armies took place this day, which lasted nearly six hours.
On the 13th General Dalesmes of the French engineers accompanied General Jones in a reconnoissance of the enemy’s works from the English trenches.
On the 16th Lord Raglan, accompanied by General de la Marmora, commanding the Sardinian troops, and General Jones, visited the works of the Left attack. The field marshal expressed his satisfaction with their state, and the situation of the new batteries.
On the 18th the field marshal, with General de la Marmora, inspected the works of the Right attack.
The French continue very busy in throwing up a line of entrenchments to cover the harbours of Kamiesch and Kazatch. The line is a very long one, and will require a large body of troops for its defence.
On the 19th General Canrobert resigned the command of the French army to General Pelissier.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
231
General Jones went in a steamer to reconnoitre the enemy’s works from the sea. Off the harbour’s mouth a good view is obtained of the interior of many of the enemy’s works.
The new communication with the right of the third parallel, Right attack, having been completed, the troops can now circulate freely without being exposed to the musketry fire from the enemy’s works in advance of the Mamelon.
On the Left attack rifle pits have been formed in advance of the third parallel. The trench connecting the pits abo ve the caves advances slowly, owing to the great difficulty of defilading it from the Redan and Barrack batteries, which have a great command over this work. The enemy, being aware of what is going on, keeps up a heavy fire of grape and shells on this part.
A communication has been made with the caves by a ladder, which does away with the necessity of communicating by the trench on the face of the hill, which is much exposed to the enemy’s riflemen in the Cemetery.
From the proximity of the trenches to the enemy’s works, it is necessary at all times to have a large force stationed in them. The great power of the sun, and the reflected heat from the rock, makes the duty in the trenches very trying to the young soldiers.
The commander-in-chief of the French has very kindly allowed the use of 500 tentes d’abri until the awnings, which are in a state of preparation, shall be ready for use.
The enemy continue to be working hard upon their right of the Quarries, apparently with a view of carrying a trench to Woronzoff Road.
They made on the 23d a strong sortie, and attacked the French left, endeavouring to regain the pits which had been taken from them on the previous night. They were most successfully repulsed, although with great loss on both sides.
Left Attack.
Working Paety.
91 3 men.
eut’.’GoRDON, R.E.
Eight men in No. 1 mortar battery, excavating and blasting for powder magazine ; 20 men at tlie engineer depot in No. 5 battery; 60 men in No. 11 battery, employed in making good the road to the powder magazine, and in excavating for the surgeon’s but ; 40 men thickening the second parallel, rear No. 9 battery ; 30 men to the right of No. 10, forming banquette to parapet; 30 men in No. 13 battery, making passages round the traverses ; 25 men in No. 14 battery, thickening the traverse near the gun. In No. 2 battery, No. 5 gun platform, a Madras one was taken up, and an Alderson’s platform substituted ; No. 8 Platform in No. 11 was also laid. In No. 11 four extra supports were placed in the powder magazine. The platform in No. 14 battery for No. 2 gun was not laid, the carpenters being engaged at the other platforms. The earth was thickened on the
May 22, Day.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Sappers ... 11
Officer on duty Li
Right Attack.
1855.
May 22, Day.
4 to 8 A.M.
3 to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
t 4*1 fist relief, 90 men. Lmc .... | 2d r e lie f/9 0 „
Sappers ... 20 men.
Officer on duty Major Stanton, R.E.
Working parties were employed in the 8-gun battery, No. 9, repairing the revetments of the embrasures and merlons, making up the banquettes in the second parallel, and communications near the general’s quarters, left of third parallel. The Sappers were employed at No. 9 battery at the revetments, clearing away stone from the new communication to the rifle- pit x on the right, and making up the banquettes. The working parties were very late in arriving at their work, both in the morning and evening reliefs, and considerable inconvenience was caused by the delay.
The enemy threw a few shells into the works during the day, one of which damaged the platform of No. 10 gun in the 21-gun battery.

232
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
powder magazine in No. 14. The levelling for the site for the engineer hut was carried on, but not finished. Sappers employed generally superintending, and laying platforms.
1855.
May 22, Night.
8 P.M. to. 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 384 men.
Sappers ... 11 „
Officer on duty Capt. Belsox, R.E.
The opening in the second parallel through which guns had been taken to No. 11 battery was covered by a traverse.
The cover in the trenches from the right of the second parallel to No. 8 battery -was improved where most required, and also in the trench leading to the rifle-screen f 4 on the right; two new pieces of trench were also commenced connecting the next two rifle- screens f* f- on the right of the before-named one. I could not employ enough men to connect the third one also. About 80 yards of new trench was commenced in advance of No. 7 battery, and the cover of part of the old trenches improved ; the parapet of the advanced post was also improved. There was some mistake in the number of the working party sent down ; there was a surplus of about 100 men, and a corresponding deficiency in the covering party. I only took the number I have stated below, not being able to employ more, on account of a want of sufficient picks, and the general on duty stated his intention of taking 100 to make the covering party up to its proper strength.
There was a heavy firing nearly the whole of the night on the French left, and I was told by one of the Sappers that the town was on fire, but I could not see it myself. I cannot observe any alteration in the Quarries in the enemy’s possession, but I think the parapet of the trench on the right (proper) has been thickened. Three 10-incli mortars were taken by the artillery to No. 13 battery.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W.
j Working Party.
May 23, Bay. Line .... 200 men.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. I Sappers ... 31 „
, Officer on duty Capt. Belson, R.E.
Working parties employed in the following manner :—
Excavating for magazine, right of No. 1 mortar battery; rebuilding one of the merlons of No. 3
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 1(H) men.
Sappers ... 20 „
_f Lieut. Axdebsox, 96th
Officer on duty £ Regt.
One Sapper and 10 men, clearing away stones from right rifle-pit n for revetment to banquette of approach ; six Sappers and 10 men, excavating rock in new communication i; half brigade of Sappers and 20 men, blinding embrasures, No. 9 battery. The above party, after completing the work, went on to complete merlon in front of traverse, No. 13 battery. One Sapper and 30 men, thickening parapet of new communication h, took the earth from the inside, on account of the moon, but at 12 o’clock set them working outside. Remaining Sappers and 30 men, heightening parapet on the right of the right advanced mortar battery, No. 8. At 9 o’clock a heavy cannonade commenced on the left (French), which lasted until 11 -J o’clock, and re-commenced at 2 o’clock.
"Wonmind, 5 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W.
1855.
May 22, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
May 23, Bay.
4 to 8 A.M.
3 to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 100 men. • ‘ 2d relief, 60 „
Line . ,
Sappers . . . 24 men.
ran , f Capt. De Moleyns, R.E.
Officers on duty ( Li ‘’ ut LowEKT> R.E.
The Sappers were employed, one brigade revetting embrasure, No. 9 battery; one brigade making good cover in new communication j on right; half brigade, repairs to banquettes of advanced parallel; one brigade

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
233
Left Attack.
battery, and revetting it with casks ; thickening and revetting with casks the parapet of the old No. o battery, where it is proposed to remove the engineer depot, and levelling the ground in rear. The parapet of the 2d parallel was thickened from the left towards the right, and the banquette made up, both being revetted with stones.
A party worked at the magazine of No. 11 battery and the cave there. A small party (10) assisted the Sappers who were working in the communication to the caves beneath the advanced post in front of No. 7 battery.
A party of two .Sappers and 20 men were sent to the Picquet-house battery, to execute the most necessary repairs.
Carpenters were working at No. 13 battery and at No. 14, laying a platform at each ; parties of Sappers were blasting in the trench right of No. 14 battery, also in one of the boyaux right of the 2d parallel, in the communication to the caves, as before mentioned, and for the magazine of No. 1 mortar battery.
Sappers working in reliefs of 8 hours.
1855. I Working Party.
May 23, Day. j Line .... 2S2nion.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M. i • • • 12 „
I Officer on duty Lieut. Jones, 40th Rt.
No. 1 battery, 15 men and ond Sapper excavating for magazine and shell room ; No. 2 battery, 25 men and one Sapper making traverse on left of right mortar ; No. 11 battery, 60 men and one Sapper building magazine ; 2d parallel, 82 men and two Sappers raising banquette; No. 13 batteiy, 20 men cutting passage round traverse, and preparing for 4th mortar platform ; No. 14 battery, 10 men throwing earth on magazine and shell room.
Picquet-house, 20 men and one Sapper thickening parapet, he. ; three Sappers laying the platform of 2d gun in No. 14 battery ; two Sappers in charge of tools ; one Sapper fixing ringbolt of platforms in No. 11 battery ; one sergeant Royal Sappers and Miners in charge.
May 23, Might.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 450 men.
Sappers ... 14 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
30 men repairing parapet of approach to advanced post, and improving cover ; 30 men in 2d boyau to
Right Attack.
of carpenters were employed laying platform No. 10 gun, 21-gun battery.
The Line were employed :—
1st relief.
60 men in advanced parallel.
20 „ No. 9 battery.
20 „ sinking ammunition cases for water.
2d relief.
38 men in advanced parallel.
12 „ No. 9 battery.
10 „ sinking ammunition cases for water.
The parties worked well, and were not annoyed by the enemy. There were no casualties.
1855.
May 23, Might.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
I Working Pabtv.
i Line .... lftOmeu. j Sappers ... 16 ,.
i Officer on duty Lieut. Graves, R.K.
New communication j with trench, 2d portion trench from boyau to rifle pit to extreme right boyau, length 210 yards; portion commenced 96 yards ;
G G

234
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
advanced trench in front of 3d parallel, improving cover and tilling tubs ; 70 men continuing advanced trench from No. 6 pit i to the right, about 80 yards ; 40 men continuing right advanced trench about 70 yards ; 100 men improving cover in the advanced trench ; 180 men improving cover in 2d parallel.
A lire broke out in the town, on the left side of the creek, at about half past 10, caused by the French shells from Left attack (French).
The French kept up a considerable tire from guns and mortars throughout the greater part of the night, commencing with a heavy musketry fire.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm.
1855.
May 24, Bay*
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Pabtt.
Line .... 250 men.
Sailors ... 40
Sappers ... 33 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
Fifty men were employed in No. 14 battery making traverse, levelling for platform, and thickening earth on magazine ; 10 men were at work in No. 13 battery, preparing for a platform, and increasing width of passage round traverse ; 70 men were improving the cover in the second parallel to the right and left of No. 12 battery ; 40 meii were at work in No. 11 battery, cutting down and revetting embrasures and working at magazines in rear ; 40 men were at work at the new engineer depot, No. 3 battery, on the left of the first parallel ; 20 men were making a magazine for the sea-service mortar in No. 2 battery ; 40 sailors were at work on the traverse on right of battery No. 2, and on No. 4 embrasure ; 10 men were at work at magazine in No. 1 mortar batteiy.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and two were blasting in No. 11 battery for a magazine.
gabions placed, first part good, but remainder indifferent ; field piece firing at working party without success.
One brigade of Sappers employed in 1st portion of new communication j ; one brigade and 100 men in 2d portion.
Working party worked in a satisfactory manner. Firing on left during the night. Nothing new observed.
N.B.—According to the director’s orders, the ground was examined on left of No. 12 battery, in the same line with it. The soil is of the same nature, and very rocky to the Quarries. A trench might be made to them by taking advantage of some earth which has apparently been slightly worked.
In advance of this line from the 1st traverse, in advance of No. 12 battery towards the ravine, the ground is much better, but could not be trusted for more than 2 feet to 2£ deep.
In rear of No. 12 the ground is still very indifferent.
Wounded, 2 rank and (lie.
Day very fine. Calm.
Memo.
Gabions taken out from old communication re-used.
(Ind) R. T.
1855.
May 24, Bay.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Paett.
IAne .... 70 men.
Sappers ... 17 ,.
Officer on duty Lt. Elphinstone. R.E.
No. 9 battery, 1 brigade of Sappers and 20 men employed in revetting the embrasures; half brigade of Sappers and 35 men employed in improving the cover along the new communication j opened last night on the right advance marked j ; communication b, half brigade of Sappers and 5 men blasting rock in trench and thickening parapet; 1 Sapper and 10 men employed in clearing drains and improving banquettes in advanced parallel.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
235
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
437 men.
13 „
Capt Armit, R.E. 1
farmers . . . Officer on duty
Working Party. . . 437 men.
1855.
May 24, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A. SI.
Working Party. Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
Two hundred and twenty-seven men improving cover in the Left advanced trenches, throwing earth oil the right side of those direct out to the enemy (c, e 2 ) ; cover pretty good for men to occupy during the day ; 10 men at cut in second parallel between Nos. 9 and 12 batteries for roadway for guns; 100 men deepening trench of second parallel from No. 10 battery to right zig-zag ; good cover obtained from rifles over all the Quarries ; 100 men improving cover of communication between second and third parallel; good cover obtained. A good deal of firing took place, but no casualties occurred among the working parties.
One brigade of Sappers and 100 men commencing new battery No. 15 for three mortars to the left of No. 12 battery. I found the whole of the ground to the left of No. 12 battery very stony ; but in a Quarry distant (as shown in the sketch) 66 paces in prolongation of the latter battery I found an excavation suiting my purpose remarkably well, a portion of which, 50 feet long, I adopted as my interior revetment ; the remainder of the revetment I completed by placing 15 gabions.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in the sun 110 degrees.
The remaining gun brought into No. 11 battery.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Left epaulment, average 2 feet 9 inches high. Left of battery 50 feet, average 6 feet high; right of battery and right epaulment, average 3 feet. This working party worked exceedingly well, and if it were possible to get into the battery by day the work could be continued without danger. The enemy did not discover the work, or fire a single shot in the direction
of it. I am afraid there will he some difficulty in making communication from No. 12 battery, the ground being so very rocky. My sketch was made entirely by pacing, and written in the dark.
One brigade of Sappers and 100 men at work on continuation of the right advanced new communication .t commenced the night previous ; 63 gabions brought down, and placed in continuation of the trench, 38 of which were filled, and tolerable cover obtained ; a great portion of the party improved the cover in the part commenced the previous night. I had great trouble at first, owing to the rapid and well directed shelling from the Mamelon and works on our left of the Round Tower, in inducing this party to work steadily, but after an hour the work went on well. The enemy’s fire did not do any harm until 2 a.m. (after I had given orders for the party to return), when a shell from a howitzer at the works at the left of the Round Tower fell into the new portion of the trench, killing one Sapper and wounding two, and slightly wounding two of the working party. Early in the night a shell burst in the parapet of the present communication with the French lines of attack, and dislodged six gabions, two of which were perfectly destroyed. I had a party of 1 Sapper and 10 men from the work in front to replace this damage.
There are now in the new communication j 25 gabions unfilled, and a space of 87 paces from the

236
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
i
1855.
May 25, Day.
3 r.M. to 7 r.M.
Line . . Sappers .
Officer on
Working Party.
. . 250 men.
d,it» { Ma ^ t CnAP ' iA: '- 20th
Fifty men in No. 1 battery, excavating for magazine, building and repairing traverse**, heightening and thickening parapet in front of mortars ; 40 men in No. 5 battery, preparing place for stores, and covering in shell room on right; 20 men in No. 11 battery, covering in magazine, building embankment, and thickening epaulment ; .‘30 men in No. 12 battery, heightening and thickening parapet ; .50 men in No. 13 battery, building traverses, cutting passage round one, and widening the approach ; 50 men in No. 14 battery, building traverse and buttress, adding cover to magazine, heightening and thickening parapet, preparing terrepleiue for No. 1 mortar ; two platforms relaid in No. 3. battery.
Large parties of the enemy were working at the Upper Garden batteries, revetting their parapets outside with gabions.
No casualties occurred among my working parties.
i Working Party.
25, Ni,lit. , Line .... 4-17 men.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. ] Sappers ... IS „
I Officer on duty Capt. Belsox, E.E.
The traverse protecting the cut in the second parallel left of No. 12 battery was thickened ; some damage done to the tub revetment round the shaft of the cave was repaired, and the trench on the right improved ; the cover of the Right advanced trenches was also improved, commencing at the right of No. 14 to the trench leading to the rifle screens f in front of the second parallel, and thence along the line of trench connecting those screens. A small
Right Attack.
extreme gabion to the angle where the trench is intended to cut in ngain with the old communication. Half the brigade of Sappers employed in commencing the new battery No. 15 were afterwards sent to put the masks of three embrasures in No. 9, 8-inch battery, more to the front, for the purpose of revetting the embrasures by day.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 110 degrees.
1S55.
May 25, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 PM. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
100 men.
24 men.
fCapt. Browne, R.E. j Capt. Anderson, 96tli
<
Capt. Campbell, 48th 1 Hegt.
Two and a half brigades of Sappers employed in general superintendence, as detailed below :—
One brigade carpenters employed for a short time repairing a mortar platform in No. 12 battery, and altering a mortar in 21-gun battery 30 men and half brigade of Sappers were employed revetting with iron gabions and renewing embrasures and end traverse of No. 9 battery ; 60 men and one brigade of Sappers at new communication from second parallel to communication from right rifle-pit x, improving cover ; one brigade of Sappers removing rock in communication from right rifle-pit to that with the French ; three Sappers and eleven men, improving loopholes and banquettes at Right advance.
A working party of the enemy was seen on the proper right of the Mamelon well in rear. The artillery oflieer fired a few rounds from the Right mortar battery, No. 11. The fire was returned with energy, but no casualties were reported.
May 25, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M
WORKIXO I’ARTY.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 1(5 »
| . < Capt. Wolselet, OOlli
Officer on duty £ Rogt.
Eighty men were employed in the construction of the new mortar battery, No. 15, on the Left, where the work went on well, unperceived by the enemy ; the remaining seventy worked at the new trench .1 of communication of the right, where 20 gabions were pushed on, and good cover obtained in most places. One casualty occurred in the latter party.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 5 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 110 degrees.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
23 /
Left Attack.
portion of new trench was commenced to connect the screens marked in the plan e and i ; nothing was done to the second parallel, the number of men not being sufficient.
A fire was kept up on the Quarry from the flank gun in No. 14, and from a 13-incli mortar during the night, but the enemy has either thickened the right flank of the parapet, or scarped it down in front ; it has assumed a neater appearance.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 110 degrees.
1855.
May 26, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
I Working Party.
] Line .... 200 men.
' Sajipers ... 36 „
1 OJficer on duty Capt. Belson, R.E.
The site of the old engineer hut was prepared for conversion into a magazine ; the traverse on the left of the sea-service mortar was heightened with earth ; the framework for the magazine on the right of No. 1 mortar battery was commenced to be fixed ; the hut at the new engineer trench depot (old No. 5) was proceeded with ; the terrepleine of No. 11 battery was excavated and cleared up, more earth was thrown on tlio top of the triangular innguzine ; the path leading to the battery was slightly improved, and the cave continued to be excavated, and the site for the shell-room at the end of the epaulment was blasted away by Sappers.
The parapet of the second parallel right of No. 12 battery was raised and thickened ; on the right of No. 10 battery the same was done ; some of the rope mantlets were collected from Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, and carried to the new engineer depot. Sappers were employed in blasting at the communication to tho caves, and also, in several places, as required most, in the Right advanced trenches between second parallel and No. 14 battery.
s r.ni. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 10 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
No. 1 Right mortar battery, fixing frames and splinter proofs to magazine and raising traverse, nine men ; engineer depot, laying out and continuing the huts, 22 men ; second parallel, continuing the thickening and raising the parapet, 100 men ; No. 11 battery, thickening top of magazine, and blasting terrepleine, 17 men ; No. 13 battery, levelling for a
Right Attack.
1855.
May 26, Say.
♦ A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
Working Party.
Cist relief, 100 men. ( 2d relief, 100 „
32 men.
Stanton. R.E. Lieut. Lowry, II.K.
Working parties were employed in the 8-guu battery repairing the revetments of embrasures and merlons ; in the 21-gun battery, lowering the sole of the embrasure of No. 24 gun, and in the communication j on the Right, improving the cover, &c. Sappers were employed at the embrasures of No. 24 gun, 21-gun battery ; in the 8-gun battery, at the revetments of the merlons, &c., and in the new communications on tho Right, excavating stone, &c. The carpenters were employed taking up and relaying a platform in No. 10 mortar battery.
The enemy had a huge working party employed about the Garden batteries, apparently repairing the old works.

•233
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
mortar platform, and cutting traverses Nos. 1 and 3, 14 men; No. 8 battery, sinking four water earns, eight men ; No. 14 battery, raising abutment, and thickening earth on magazine, 30 men.
1855.
May 26, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . 450 men.
/Sappers ... 12 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, 11. E.
Two hundred men, commencing at place-of-anns (d) in centre of advanced trench, were employed improving cover to left.
The cover was also improved in trench leading from hole in cave. 100 men on right of advanced trench were employed in improving cover ; 150 men, along the zig-zags oil extreme right of the advanced communication, employed in improving cover. The enemy fired a good deal at the working parties, to which the artillery replied from Nos. 1 and 3 batteries. At about 1 o’clock a.m. a heavy fire of musketry opened on the French in the direction of the Mamclon, after which there was a heavy cannonade and vertical fire.
Killed, 1 rank and llle.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in the sun 107°.
May 27, Say.
4 P.M. to 8 A.M.
Working Party.
Iahc ..... 200 iiirn.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Second parallel, 60 men improving cover and thickening parapet ; magazine No. 1 battery, 20 men, covered over with earth, &e. ; traverse completed ; No. 2 battery, embrasures of No. 7 and 8 guns revetted with iron gabions ; magazine in ravine for No. 9 battery, screen rebuilt; No. 13 battery, 20 men were employed cutting round traverse, excavating for passage to magazine, one mortar platform completed ; No. 14 battery, strengthened epaulment and completed traverse of tubs. 10 Sappers employed blasting in approach from right of second parallel to the front; three Sappers blasting in the caves.
3 r.M. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 190 meu.
Sappers ... 11 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
No. 1 battery » 2 ,,
„ 11
Second parallel No. 13 battery „ 14
10 men
14 „
50 „
76 „ 25 „ 20 „
Right- Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 140 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Graves, R.E.
Continued No. 15. battery (mortar), half brigade Sappers and 40 men ; commenced communication, half brigade Sappers and 50 men ; 70 yards ground broken, but without gabions, and rocky. Second communication j on right, one brigade of Sappers and 50 men ; trench commenced from right 40 yards in vert- good soil ; good cover. First communication i on right, half brigade of Sappers clearing stones.
The working party worked in a most satisfactory manner. No Russian work observed.
Heavy fire on French on the right.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and flic.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in sun 107°.
1855.
May 26, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
May 27, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 5 r.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 100 men.
Sappers ... 24 ,,
fCapt. IIe Moleyns, R.E. Officers on duty \ Capt. Campbell, 46th (. Regiment.
Sappers were employed :—
One brigade, forming No. 15 battery and communication.
One brigade, new communication j on right, No. 2, improving cover ; half brigade, new communication i No. 1, on right; half brigade fixing mantlets, No. 9 battery.
The Line were employed, both reliefs:—
Fifty men, No. 15 battery and communication ; 50 men in new communication No. 2 J on right.
The working parties worked well, and were not disturbed by the enemy. There were no casualties.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
239
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
In No. 1 battery the traverse in front of the magazine was made good. In No. 2 battery, the splinter proofs and frames of the powder magazine for the sea-service mortar were fixed.
In No. 11 battery, the party was employed in excavating for the shell room, clearing space for the hut, and in making good the road to the powder magazine, and in excavating the surgeon’s hut.
In the second parallel a party of 50 men were employed to the right of No. 12 battery, raising and thickening the parallel. A party of 26 men were employed to the right of No. 10 battery, deepening the parallel by a small trench close to the banquette. In No. 13 battery the fourth mortar platform was laid, the excavation for the magazine continued, and the traverse cut round. In No. 14 battery, the traverse was continued, and the first traverse repaired.
About 3 r.M. about 200 large carts passed into the large fort on the north side, and some down to the quay opposite the town.
The French sprung two mines, one at 3 i*.m. and another at 4 p.m., opposite the Flagstaff battery.
Sappers employed generally superintending.
WoKkl.NU I'AUl Y.
Line .... 450 men.
Sappers ... 33 „
Officer on duty Capt. Armit, It.E.
1855.
May 27, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
1855.
May 27, Night.
8 P.M. tO 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sailors ... 100 „
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. James, R.K
Forty men making new trench, m, from No. 6 boyau; tolerable cover.
Fifty men making new trench, Left advance.
One hundred and ninety men, extending line of advanced trench from place-of-arms d towards right; 190 yards of trench executed, with fair cover.
Fifty men in No. 11 battery cutting embrasures.
One hundred and twenty men improving cover of second parallel at right of No. 10 battery, and in Right advanced trench.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Morning fine ; heavy rain during the day. Wind (light) N.W.
No. 15 battery and communication, 1 brigade Sappers and 80 men, battery widened, and better cover obtained in the communication. Before commencing work the party carried down the timbers for one mortar platform from the 21-gun battery. 50 men employed in the battery, 30 men in the communication.
One Sapper and 10 men were "taken from this party to be employed for the first hour in repairing the right cheek of No. 18 embrasure of the 21-gun battery. New communication on right j, 1 brigade of Sappers and 50 men employed in improving the cover. I endeavoured to employ a portion in commencing some more new work in the lower part, but the brightness of the moon rendered the party distinctly visible at some distance, and I was obliged to withdraw them immediately. Repairing communication to the French lines, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men.
By Captain Peel’s orders the sailors were employed in two reliefs of 50 men each, from 9 to 12 and

240
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
12 to 3 a.m., in heightening the parapet, &e. of the 21-gun battery.
I told oft’ one Sapper for this party. I had the iron gabions (8 in number) in No. 13 embrasure removed, the neck of the embrasure revetted up like the rest of the parapet, and the embrasure filled up.
Very quiet night, hardly a single shot fired at the batteries, and the advanced works very little annoyed by musketry.
Morning fine ; heavy rain during the day. Wind (light) N.W.
1355.
TCay 23, Say.
4i A.M. to 8| A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 12 „
Officer on duty Capt. Armit, R.K.
May 28, Bay.
4 r.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 120 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
S Lieut. Elphinstone,
Officer on ditty
t K.E.
Ten men building magazine, No. 1 mortar battery, throwing earth on top ; 4 men blasting near left epaulmcnt, No. 11 battery, for shell-room ; 20 men, No. 14 battery, preparing to lay platform in right gun, and thickening parapet, building buttress near left traverse ; 12 men in No. 13 battery, cutting passage to magazine, and throwing up loose earth to thicken parapet ; 26 men, first parallel, No. 11 buttery, revetting cmbrnmircH ; 64 men making banquette, 2d parallel, between Nos. 12 and 10 batteries; 10 men blasting in caves ; 4 men thickening top of magazine behind sea-service mortar.
No casualties.
3 p.m. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
202 men.
6
f Lieut. Jones, 40111 i Regt.
No. 1 battery, 26 men and 1 Sapper repairing the embrasures, and throwing earth on magazine ; No. 2 battery, 14 men and 1 Sapper building magazine in rear of sea-service mortar ; second parallel, 100 men and 1 Sapper improving cover on the right of No. 10 battery, as far ns first zig-zag ; 6tli boyau of approaches to third parallel, 10 men cutting through parapet to join new trench, m; No. 7 battery, 10 men and 1 Sapper cutting through passage of new trench o into the ditch ; 2 men clearing the entrance to advance zig-zags of fourth parallel ; No. 13 battery, 20 men and 1 Sapper cutting passage to magazine and thickening the parapet ; No. 14 battery, 20 men and 1 Sapper preparing for platform of third gun, and throwing earth on buttress and traverse.
New mortar battery, No. 15, and communication leading to it, 1 brigade of Sappers and 80 men employed in thickening parapet, widening the terrcpleine, and improving cover ; 1 brigade of carpenters commenced laying one mortar platform in the afternoon relief.
Batteries Nos. 9 and 14, half brigade of Sappers employed in fixing the hide mantlets.
New communication j on the right, 1 brigade of Sappers and 40 men improving cover. In the lower part of this trench the ground is very rocky and difficult to work. Communication k in front of advanced battery No. 8 (mortar), 1 brigade of Sappers employed in quarrying the stone to obtain more cover. 1 brigade of carpenters were employed during the morning relief in repairing the platform of No. 11 gun of the 21-gun battery.
Early this morning I observed about 150 waggons, conveying each about six to seven gabions each, to the north side of the harbour of Sebastopol.
»
i

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
241
Left Attack.
ia55 j Wokkixg Paett.
May 28, NiKM. j ? u’T'
8 P.M. to 2 a.m. | ojfteer on duty Capt.BELsox.ILE.
All the barrels that there were were taken to No. 7 battery, and the exterior slope of the parapet was commenced to be revetted with them. Two trenches of communication, m, o, from No. 6 boyau to the left epaulment of No. 7, were deepened, and a new piece, p, commenced from the latter to the communication leading to the advanced caves.
The cover of the trenches of the Left advance was deepened, commencing from right to left, and the new short piece n was also deepened, earth being thrown up.
Right Attack.
Wokkixg Paett.
1855. Line .... 150 men.
May 23, Night. Sappers . . .
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. 0ffice) . „„ datt C CagtWOLSElEY, 00th
Eiglity-ninc men were employed at No. Id mortar battery, which they deepened and widened considerably ; the remaining 61 men worked at the new communication j on the right, where 66 gabions were placed and fair cover obtained. This trench is now completed. The men worked remarkably well. No casualty occurred. The drain at Well in the third parallel was cleaned throughout.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 2 rank and file.
The embrasure of the second gun, No. 14 battery, was revetted with gabions, and nearly completely cut through.
The remainder of the working party were employed in the Right advance trenches and in No. 11 battery, cutting through the embrasures, four of which were nearly completed.
In spite of a constant and apparently accurate fire upon the Quarry, the enemy has been evidently vei-y busy in strengthening the parapet during the night.
Killed, 1 rank and file. "Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in sun 109°.
May Z9, Day. 4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
Working Party. Lire .... 186 men.
Sappers ... 36 „
No. 1 battery, more earth thrown on the top of the magazine on the right, and the parapet raised ; a banquette was also built up with stones between the mortars. The revetment of the parapet on the left of the left magazine was continued with stones, and the parapet thickened. No. 1 gun battery, the embrasures of Nos. 3 and 4 guns were rebuilt. No. 3 battery, the left-hand traverse was thickened. Engineer depot, the parapet was continued to be revetted with stones, thickened and raised. Small parties of men were assisting the Sappers who were working in the communication to the caves, and in No. 13 battery a party was also employed in covering with earth the magazine in rear of the sea-service mortar.
May 29, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
I
. Wokkixg Paety.
fist relief, 120 men.
(2d relief, 140 „
30 men.
„ „ , . ( Capt. Browxe, H E.
Officers on duty c Li( f ut i j0W ey, R.E.
Line . . Sappers .
Mortar battery No. 15, 60 men and 1 brigade of Sappers, both reliefs, forming battery and communication ; 2 brigades of carpenters laying platforms ; 1 brigade of Sappers were employed placing mantlets in batteries from sandbag No. 13 to No. 9 battery, and during the 2d relief 20 men employed forming epaulment to right of No. 14 battery ; 60 men and 1 brigade of Sappers improving new communication .7 from rifle-pit trench to trench communicating with French.
The work was satisfactory.
The enemy were at work during the night of the 28tli at the Quarries, and new earth was thrown over at four places at irregular distances.
li ii

242
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Sappers were employed in blasting in various parts of the Right advance trenches.
3 p.m. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 0 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
Ten men were employed clearing site for the platform of No. 1 gun, No. 14 battery ; 30 men were filling and stacking sandbags in No. 8 battery ; 30 men were employed in No. 13 battery, clearing passage round right mortar platform, cutting a passage to the magazine, and thickening the parapet; 6 men were making wells in front of No. 7 battery ; 10 men were prolonging No. 4 boyau (k) towards No. 8 battery, 10 men were at work in No. 11 battery, making shell-room.
Ten men were repairing the cave magazine ; 64 men were improving communication to cave magazine ; 20 men were employed making magazine for sea-service mortar ; 10 men were repairing 3 and 4 embrasures, No. 1 battery. The Sappers were employed superintending the working parties.
1855.
May 29, Night.
8 P.M. tO 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sailors ... 80 „
Sapper8 ... 14 „
Officei' on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
No. 14 battery, right check of the embrasure was repaired and made good, also the traverse, earth thrown on the top of the magazine and shell-room, 40 men and 2 Sappers ; No. 8 battery, parapet heightened two courses, and backed up with earth from the rear, 100 men and 3 Sappers ; 90 men employed converting line of rifle-pits k between No. 5 boyau and 14 battery into a communication, trench dug on an average 2 feet 9 inches deep, ground very rocky ; No. 12 battery, 10 men employed clearing large stones off the parapet ; No. 7 battery, 100 men employed in carrying down tubs, and revetting exterior of parapet ; one row fixed and filled, and part of upper row; 50 men employed deepening trench m, o, p, from 5 boyau to caves ; 80 men of the Naval Brigade were employed, in addition to the above, repairing embrasures in No. 14 battery, and thickening parapets ; all the sandbags were exhausted ; 20 men were employed extending left advanced trench towards the right by connecting rifle-pits. The enemy kept up an intermittent fire all night on the
Right Attack.
They were also improving the trenches between their rifle-screens along the whole front.
No casualties amongst the working parties.
Woiirino Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Campbeia, «tl.
One brigade of Sappers and 80 men excavating new mortal - battery (No. 15) ; 1 brigade of Sappers and 50 men at new communication j (No. 2) ; half brigade of Sappers and 20 men strengthening parapet and repairing epaulment of No. 9 battery.
Half brigade of carpenters laying a platform in No. 15 new mortar batteiy.
The enemy shelled with field guns the party in the new communication j, No. 2, the greater part of the night, but no casualties occurred.
The night was fine, and the men worked well.
There was no perceptible difference in the enemy’s works this morning.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file. ‘
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the sun 107°.
1855.
May 29, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 a.m.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
243
Left Attack.
several working parties, answered by 13-incli mortar from first parallel.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the sun 107°.
1855.
May 30, Say.
3 P.M. to 7 F.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
200 men.
50 „
10 „
f Major Chapman, 20th t R<‘gt.
First parallel, No. 1 battery, covering powder magazine and shell-room, repairing revetment to magazine, and fixing frames for shell-room, 40 men ; No. 2 battery, making shell-room for sea-service mortar, and adding cover to magazine, 10 men ; No. 4 battery, revetting embrasures, merlons, and general repairs, 30 men ; second parallel, right of No. 10, deepening trench, building banquette, and heightening and thickening parapet, 50 men ; No. 11 battery, making road to magazine and building shell-room, 20 men ; No 13 battery, excavating for magazine and thickening parapet, 40 men; No. 14 battery, excavating for platform for No. 3 gun, 10 men.
The sailors were employed in Nos. 2 and 3 batteries, revetting embrasures, and general repairs; one sergeant and eight Sappers employed in general superintendence ; one corporal, one .Sapper, in fixing magazine frames.
The enemy were employed in large working parties in front of the left flank of the Garden batteries (higher), evidently for the purpose of making a new battery, large piles of timber having been driven in to strengthen the parapet.
The enemy did not molest us, and I have no casualties to report.
Working Party.
30, Night. Line .... 400 men.
8£ p.m. to 2 A.M. Sappers ... 13 „
Officer on duty Capt. Arm it, R.E.
Fifty men revetting exterior of No. 7 battery with tubs. This party was disturbed a good deal by the fire of shells and grape, yet succeeded in finishing a small portion.
Two hundred men repairing shot holes, and improving cover, in Left advanced trenches ; 50 men improving cover in communication to caves ; 50 men revetting and cutting out embrasures in No. 11 battery ; nearly completed ; 20 men, Nos. 1, 2, and 3
Right Attack.
1855.
May 30, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
T . fist relief, 120 men.
Line .... 12d relief, 130 „
Sappers ... 28 men.
("Cant. De Molkyns, Officers on duty \ R.E.
iLicut. Graves, U.E.
Sappers were employed, both reliefs—
One brigade constructing No. 15 new mortar battery ; one brigade forming right communication, No. 2, j ; half brigade building traverse, No. 14 battery.
Carpenters were employed—
One brigade laying platforms, No. 15 battery ; one brigade laying platforms, 11 battery.
The Line were employed—
Eighty men, No. 15 battery and communication ; 20 men building traverse, No. 14 battery ; 20 men in right communication j, No. 2, during the 1st relief and 2d relief, 30 men.
The working parties worked well, were not disturbed, and there were no casualties.
The enemy were particularly quiet, and did not appear to be working.
May 30, Night.
9 P.M. to 1 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty { Liout. Anderson, 96tli
One brigade of Sappers and 50 men employed making good cover in new communication j ; half brigade of Sappers and 30 men removing gabions from old communication, and taking them to Left advance. There were about 200 gabions. Entrance to this blocked up.
One Sapper and five men repairing parapet damaged by a round shot during the day; three Sappers placed as sentries over tools, &c.; remaining
h h 2

244
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
guns in No. 10 battery completed ; 30 men, No. 14 battery, opening embrasure No. 2, and revetting top of parapet ; raised 2 courses higher.
Wounded, 3 rank and file. <
Dav very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the j sun 87°. |
1855.
May 31, Say.
4 A.M. tO S A.M.
Working Partt. Line .... ISO men.
Sappers ... 5 „
Officer on duty Capt. Abmit,
i
i
Eighty men improving cover of second parallel. This party worked from 2 to 4 in No. 11 battery, cutting out embrasures. 20 men making shell-room, No. 11 battery ; 10 men making shell-room for sea- service mortar ; 10 men excavating magazine, No. 13 battery ; 50 men also improving cover, right of second j parallel; 10 men filling up their part of parapet at j cut in second parallel near No. 12 buttery.
Nothing particular occurred on the right.
There was a mine sprung in front of the Flagstaff Battery (apparently French), at 4'45 r.jr.
The work in the advance (Left) trenches did not j progress much, in consequence of the fire of the | enemy from the lower batteries ; the men had to i cease continually. There appears to be a new work in j progress on our right of the Garden batteries. Some j 10-inch shells were fired by the Naval Brigade, which appeared to stop the working parties.
Memo.
Head Quarters, 30th May 1855.
It being very important that none but good marksmen should be stationed in the advanced works, more especially in the advance of the Left attack, it is recommended that a subaltern’s detachment of the j Rifle Brigade should be told off daily for each attack, to be posted in those parts of the advanced trenches which shall be pointed out to them as the most important to be occupied, and the points to which attention should be directed will also be pointed out to them by the director of engineers on each attack.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, Comdg. R.E.
Right Attack.
Sappers and 95 men employed in strengthening epaulment and parapet of No. 15 mortar battery, also making good cover in communication leading to it.
Nothing of importance occurred during the night. Working party from 9 to 1 o’clock.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the sun 87°.
1855.
May 31, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 f.m. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sapper# . . . Officers on duty
< 1st relief, ISO men.
(. 2d relief, 170 „
28 men.
fLicut. Eli-iiixstone, -j R.E.
CLieut. James, R.E.
No. 15 battery and communication, 1st relief, 1 brigade of Sappers and 60 men, 2d relief, 1 brigade of Sappers and 70 men, employed in improving cover in communication, widening the terrepleine of battery, and thickening the parapet. During the afternoon relief the working party was employed in taking down and replacing the gabions, revetting the traverse, as they sloped too much to the rear. One brigade of carpenters completed the excavation for the magazine, and commenced laying the framework.
21-gun buttery, 1st relief, 2 Sappers and 10 men repairing No. 2 magazine ; No. 14 battery, 1st relief, half brigade of Sappers and 40 men, 2d relief, half brigade of Sappers and 10 men, thickening epaulment.
The stone wall at the foundation, not having been constructed of sufficient thickness, gave way.
The epaulment fell partially down, and the afternoon relief was in consequence told off to repair it. 1 brigade of carpenters employed during both reliefs in relaying a platform.
New communication j, 1st and 2d relief, half brigade of Sappers and 50 men improving cover ; quarrying and blasting the trench.
The chevaux-de-frise (30 lengths) were conveyed from the 21-gun battery to the left of the third parallel, and placed under charge of the Sapper sentry.
The enemy fired very little during the whole day ; even the musketry fire unusually weak.
There were no casualties among the working parties.
There were several explosions at various intervals, which appeared to proceed from mines in the Russian works opposite the French left.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
245
Left Attack.
Memo. I
Head Quarters, 30tli May 1855.
One subaltern and 30 men of the Rifle Brigade will he detailed daily for duty in each attack, to be posted j as marksmen in those parts of the advanced trenches j which will be pointed out to them as the most j important to Iks occupied ; and the point to which the attention shonld he directed will also he pointed out to them by the director of engineers in each attack.
(.Signed) J. B. B. Estcourt, A.G.
1855.
Kay 31, Day.
S F.M. to 7 P.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 11 „
Office)' on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
No. 1 battery, earth thickened on magazine on right of mortar battery, and on shell-room on left of ditto ; splinter-proofs laid, and earth thrown on shell- room on right of No. 1 gun, 2 Sappers and 30 men ; No. 2 battery, making shell-room in rear of traverse for sea-service mortar, 1 Sapper and 10 men. I
No. 11 battery, commencing shell-room in right epaulinent, depth increased in medical officer’s cave, ami making road, 1 Supper and 20 men ; second parallel, building up parapet and banquette on right of No. 10 battery, 1 Sapper and 40 men ; engineers’ ! depot, building up parapet on left, 40 men ; No. 6 j battery, screen of magazine taken down and rebuilt ; ' it was not finished, as the old materials were all used up ; 1 Sapper and 10 men ; No. 7 battery, clearing \ out cave in front for medical officer, 6 men ; No. 8 I battery, making a look-out place on right epaulment; , No. 14 battery, clearing out terrepleine for platform, | and raising parapet with earth brought from rear,
1 Sapper and 30 men ; No. 13 battery, excavating and fixing frames for magazines, and throwing up earth on left, 2 Sappers and 20 men.
Russian working party observed in new Garden batteries and at foot of slopes below it. Fire was directed on them from Arethusa Battery on right of No. 4 battery.
Kay 31, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . .
Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
446 men.
13 „
Capt. Belsox, R.E. Lieut. Gordon, RE.
Revetting the interior slope of No. 7 battery with tubs.
Right Attack.
The right of the enemy’s lodgment in the Quarries has been raised to enable them to see the lower embrasures of No. 14 battery, over the parapet of the advanced parallel, which will account for the recent increase of the parapet in the Quarries.
The trenches, especially the advanced parallel and the communication j leading to the French attack, arc- very dirty, and require the attention of the quartermaster of the week.
Call General Simpson’s attention to this.
(Signed) Raglan.
Working Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty ^ Ca^WoisELEY, 00th
The special working party only consisted of 150 men, so the 50 who were to work in No. 11 mortar
1855.
Kay 31, Wight.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.

246
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Deepening the new trenches of communication m, o, from No. 6 to front. Improving cover in the trench on the right of the shaft leading from the advanced caves, and in the small length of trench n lately made as a fresh communication. The cover of the advanced trench generally was improved from right to left, and in the place-of-arms and rifle-screens through which it passes, and sandbag loop-holes were made in the latter.
At No. 8 battery, a party was employed outside thickening the parapet of Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 guns ; but the enemy having killed one man, and completely got the range of the party, I was obliged to withdraw them, which I did to the first boyau of the Right advanced trenches.
The fire of the enemy also prevented my doing much towards thickening the parapet of the centre gun of No. 14 battery, in which battery another of the working party was killed. I employed the men in raising the right merlon and traverse of the left gun, and in building a small traverse on the right of the battery, to screen from the Quarry and rifle-pits.
The cover of the second parallel was improved from the right of No. 10 battery towards the right.
The rope mantlets were hung in No. 7 and 8 batteries.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 9 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the sun 98°.
Right Attack.
battery could not lie employed ; 75 men were employed in No. 15 battery and its communication ; 45 men in new boyau on the right, and 30 in the 21-gun battery, where No. 3 naval magazine had to be taken down, having been injured by a shell bursting on it. After 2 o’clock a.m. the Sappers were employed in the right rifle-pit n, where the parapet had been knocked down, und in the communication leading to the field- gun emplacement.
The enemy commenced no new work, and appeared to be engaged but little to our front. No casualties.
The Sappers were employed—
No. 15 battery - - - 8 men
21-gun „ - - - - 6 „
Right boyau - - - 4 „
Sentries - - - - 2 „
Killed, 2 rank and fde. Wounded, 1 officer, 7 rank andlflle.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the sun 98°.
Notes fkom Look-out Station.
1855. An explosion took place about 6.30 r.M. yesterday, either in the French or Russian lines, May Z9. followed by two explosions.
Between 3 and 400 carts were seen to arrive yesterday.
May 30. Two hundred carts with gabions arrived on the north side yesterday.
There appears hardly any men to be seen in the camp on the north side, and very few in the town.
May 31. Three hundred and thirty-five carts, bullock, went to Fort Severnaia from the north, yesterday ; 73 carts with gabions from the eastward.
About 3,000 men were at work this morning at the post house.
One hundred and thirteen post horses with white bags came in this morning, and went to Fort Severnaia.
GENERAL AFTER-ORDER.
May 21 . The commander of the forces has the highest satisfaction in publishing to the army a despatch which he has received from the Minister of War, expressing the Queen’s most gracious approbation of the conduct of the troops engaged in the attack and subsequent defence of the rifle-pits in front of the advanced trench, Right attack, on the night of the 19th instant and morning of the 20th instant April; Her Majesty’s deep concern at the loss that was sustained, and at the death of that distinguished

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
247
officer, Colonel Egerton, 77tli Regiment ; and the deep sympathy which Her Majesty feels in the sufferings of the brave officers and soldiers who were wounded on the occasion, and which Lord Raglan takes this public mode of communicating to them.
“ No. 114.
“ My Lord, War Department, 7th May 1855.
“ I have received, and laid before the Queen, your Lordship’s despatch, No. 260, of the 21st April, and I have received Her Majesty’s commands to express to you Her gratification at the manner in which the rifle- pits in front of the approach from the advance of the trenches on the extreme right were attacked and carried by assault on the night of the 19th ultimo, by a detachment of the 77tli Regiment, under the command of Colonel Egerton.
“ Her Majesty regrets to learn that this gallant exploit was not accomplished without the loss of a considerable number of Her Majesty’s troops ; and I am especially to express the sorrow with which Her Majesty has received the intelligence of the loss which Her service has sustained in the death of Colonel Egerton, to whose distinguished bravery and ability your Lordship bears so high a testimony.
“ Her Majesty has received with high satisfaction your Lordship’s report of the gallantry of those of Her officers and men who were engaged on this occasion ; and I have it further in command to desire that your lordship will convey to those of Her officers and men who were unfortunately wounded Her deep sympathy with their sufferings.
“ I have the honour, &c.
“ Field Marshal “ (Signed) Panmuke.
“ The Lord Raglan, G. C. B.
“ &c. &c. &c.”
GENERAL ORDERS.
No. 4.
1855. Great irregularities having occurred in respect to the water barrels in the trenches ; it is
May 22. necessary that there should be a sentry over them at all times, and that the generals should
call upon the field-officers in the trenches for special attention to them.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
May 20. Par. No. 2. The use of green hides must be discontinued (as a revetment) during the hot weather.
May 29. Par. No. 1. In making out the report of work done in the trenches, officers will put the date on the right half margin, the time and detail on the left, with Left or Right attack distinctly marked on it.
They will be careful to notice in their reports whatever they can discover of the enemy’s proceedings. The reports in some instances contain nothing but the distribution of the working parties.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
On the 23d the Russians made an attack upon our Left, and carried off some twenty gabions or more. The working party, having finished early, had been withdrawn by the field officer on duty, who neglected to leave a party to protect the battery; consequently the Russians had easy work, not meeting with any resistance.

248
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
On the 25th the French pushed on their outposts to the Tchernaia and Tchergoun. This very desirable extension of the allied position cannot fail to prove a very great benefit to the two armies, net alone as regards forage and water, but in many other essential particulars.
The expedition against Kertcli has been very successful. Orders received to send two officers of engineers with tools to join the expeditionary force.
27tli. After a period of very fine weather, there was a very heavy fall of rain, which continued for four hours, accompanied with thunder.
28tli. A meeting took place at General Pelissier’s hut at 6 A.M.
Present,
f General Pelissier,
i
j General Trouchet, General Martinprk, General Bosquet.
J General Thiry,
Artillery,
French
uenerai -Lie dueuk, General Beuret, General Niel,
| General Dalesmes, (^Colonel Froissard,
Engineers.
f General Jones, Eng t Colonel Adye, Artif
f General Jones, Engineers, t Colonel Adye, Artillery.
The meeting was informed that it was General Pelissier's intention to assault the “ White Works”
and the “ Mamelon,” and that the English would at the same time establish themselves in the Quarries in front of the Redan.
29th. The officers present at the meeting yesterday, with the addition of General Dacres, assembled this morning at General Pelissier’s hut, when the details of the several attacks were discussed and approved.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 29th May 1855.
At a conference held at the head quarters of the French army at 6 a.m.,
Present,
' General Pelissier. General TmitY, General Beuret,
General Niel, General Dalesmes, General Froissard, General Trouciiet, ^-General Martinpre, f B. General Dacres,
' Lieut.-Colonel Adye. General Jones,
French
Engineer,
| Artillery, Engineers.
English
General Pelissier read General Bosquet’s plan of operations for the proposed attack, as set forth to the meeting yesterday. There were some trifling explanations between Generals Bosquet and Pelissier on

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. ,
249
different points during the rending _ . .. ..mo --,- m ne would
settle the detail of the troops to be employed and the time when the operation should take place. lie then addressed himself to General Jones, and wished to know what co-operation he could receive from the English. General Jones stated that the note sent to Lord Raglan differed from that read to the meeting. In that note, paragraph 2, it appeared that the English and Turkish troops were to assist in the assault.
General Jones stated, that arrangement was made when the attack of the W bite 4\ orks was to have been a distinct operation. General Pelissier said that proposition was changed. General Jones replied that the English batteries were all ready for action whenever the movements of the French required it ; that the English would lodge themselves in the Quarries, and would clear the ground in their front, at the same time as the French crowned the Mamelon ; that the operations of the two armies were so combined that one could not act without the other, and that the English were ready, whenever the hrench should he in a position to move forward.
It was then settled that Generals Xiel and Jones should prepare a note of' the operations they considered proper to be undertaken for making a lodgment in the enemy’s main line of works.
The meeting then broke up, without any time being named for opening the fire of the batteries. General Pelissier told General Jones that he would communicate with Lord Raglan as soon as his arrangements were made.
(Signed) IIakry I). Junes,
Major General, Coming. R.E.
General Jones having explained to the officers assembled what the English wpre prepared to do,—
Generals Niel and Jones were then directed to prepare a note of the operations to he undertaken for making lodgments in the enemy’s main line of works.
No day was fixed for opening the fire of the batteries.
31st. The commanding engineer handed to Lord Raglan a memorandum relating to the attack to be made on the Quarries, which was approved by his Lordship. This was read and explained to Generals Ponncfatlicr and C’odrington, whose divisions were to furnish the men to be employed in the attack.
Memo.
Relative to the attack to be made upon the Quarries in front of the Redan, and the lodgment to be made in them.
1. After the fire of the artillery shall have continued sufficiently long, a signal will be made for the
assailants to advance according to the following order :—
Approved.
• (Signed) Raglan".
2. The attacking party to consist of 400 men, or half a battalion of infantry, under a field officer, headed by an officer of the Royal Engineers, and a detachment of Royal Sappers and Miners.
I have sent copies of this paper to T.ieut.-General Pennefather and Major-General Codrington.
(Signed) Raglan.
31st May 1855.
Right attack.
3. The reserve will consist of one battalion of infantry, and will, with the attacking party, be formed in the trenches in advance of the third parallel.
Lieut.-General Sir Richard England and Major-General Sir John Campbell.
Left attack.
Brigadier-General Lacres,
Comdg. Royal Artillery.
(Signed) Raglax.
4. The usual guard of the trenches will be formed in the first instance in the third parallel on the right, and be ready to move when ordered.
5. The attack upon the Quarries should he made in columns of 200 men each, advancing upon the two flanks, and driving the enemy out of the Quarries. This accomplished, 50 men are to advance from each

250
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
column about half way between the Quarries and Medan, m exteuueu. oruer, there to lie down, and cover the workmen in forming the lodgment. Should the enemy come out in force, and oblige them to retire, they will take post in the lodgment which the workmen have commenced.
6. The remaining 150 men are to act as a support to the advance, and regulate their movements accordingly.
7. The reserve, when called upon to furnish a party of 200 men under a field officer, to advance, and drive the enemy out of the trenches and rifle screens in our immediate front.
8. The guard of the trenches to occupy the post vacated by the party of 200 men, as ordered in par. 7.
9. The field officer in command of the party detailed in No. 7. is to act according to the orders he will receive from the general officer in command.
10. A working party of 800 men, with arms, will be required to form the lodgment in the Quarries, and to form the enemy’s trench into a communication with the work already executed from the advanced rifle screen A in front of No. 8 mortar battery, extending to the left in the direction of the Quarries in front of the Redan. These men will be distributed in such manner as Lieut.-Colonel Tylden, Royal Engineers, may recommend.
11. It will be desirable to threaten the enemy’s rear in our immediate front, by sending a detachment down the ravine laying between the English right and French left.
12. A detachment consisting of 300 men under a field officer from the Left attack will be stationed in the Woronzofl'Ravine, to prevent the enemy from sending troops up the road, or to advance, if required.
13. The advanced trench in the Left attack to be fully manned with good steady marksmen under a field officer. Their duty will be to keep up a steady fire upon the embrasures from whence the enemy may be firing, and also upon any body of troops that may appear upon the glacis of the right face of the Redan.
14. The general officer on duty in the Left attack will take steps, by posting a sufficient body of men, to watch the Picquet-liouse Ravine, and to resist the enemy, should he attempt to force his way up that road.
15. The officer of artillery in command of battery No. 14, Left attack, is to bo very vigilant, and to protect the operations against the Quarries by a steady and well-directed fire, according to circumstances. Great judgment and precaution will be required on his part, in order that no injury may be occasioned to our own troops by the fire fromhis guns.
16. The success of the operation will depend in a great degree upon the general officer on duty in the Right attack, who will be assisted in the arrangements and details he may consider desirable to make by Lieut.- Colonel Tylden, Royal Engineers, the director of the Right attack.
(Signed) Harry I). Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
31st May 1855.
Detail.
For the lodgment and reserve - - - 1,000 men.
For the working party .... 800 „
Total - 1,800
The above number will be required, in addition to the usual guard of the trenches.
Approved.
(Signed) Raglan.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
251
1855 .
June 1, Day.
4 A M. to 8 A.M.
Left Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 195 men.
Sappers ... 38 „
Officer on duty Capt. Belson, E.E.
Working party employed in No. 1 mortar battery, finishing a traverse, protecting a magazine, building up a banquette between the mortar portions, throwing earth on the shell-room, right of No. 1 gun, and excavating for a new one on the left of the battery.
In No. 4 battery, No. 1 magazine, earth is now being thrown on the top of it, and the traverse between No. 3 and the mortar battery No. 3 raised. We are excavating for a shell-room in the angle of the traverse between 3 and 4 batteries, in place of the one in the rear that has been partially destroyed. The embrasures of No. 10 battery are being masked more solidly, and the trench on the right of No. 14 battery cleared out, and a banquette made. Parties of Sappers, assisted by a few men of the Line, are working at the shell-room of No. 11 battery, also at the magazine of No. 13, &c.
s p.m. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sapper 8 ... 13 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
No. 1 battery, repairing parapet, and building shell- rooms on right and left of battery, four Sappers and 40 men. No. 1 gun, repairing parapet, thickening earth on magazine on right of mortar battery and of sea-service mortar battery, one Sapper and 20 men ; revetting and raising traverse and parapet on left of No. 3 battery, and covering magazine of No. 4 battery, one Sapper and 50 men. Engineers’ depot, raising parapet on left, one Sapper and 30 men. No. 13 battery, continuing excavation for magazine, two Sappers and 10 men.
No. 14 battery, laying platform and filling in between traverse and parapet, three Sappers and 10 men ; carrying gabions out to No. 7 battery, one Sapper and 10 men ; No. 11 battery, widening shell- room on right, making road round cave magazine, and enlarging medical officers’ cave, one Sapper and 30 men.
Russian working party observed on left of MalakofF Tower, fired at with 13-inch mortars.
Tune 1, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party, Line ....
Sappers . . .
Officer on duty
450 men.
21
Lieut. Neville, E.E.
No. 11 battery, regulating earth on parapet, and filing in left epaulment, 50 men ; second parallel,
1855 .
June 1, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Right Attack.
Working Party. 200 men.
Line . •
Sappers ... 24
Officers on duty f C®!’ 1 ' BROWNE, EE. ujpcers on auty £ Licut j, OWHTi a.*;.
Two and a half brigades of Sappers and one >of carpenters were employed in general superintendence, repairing No. 4 magazine, 21-gun battery, and completing magazine in No. 15 battery.
200 men of the Line were thus employed
No. 15 battery, 60 men completing battery and communication ; No. 14 battery, 30 men constructing epaulment, communication j on right ; No. 2, 40 men completing trench and forming banquettes ; general clearing up of trenches, 20 men ; 50 men were employed carrying down gabions from store in first parallel to Left advance sap, 200 gabions brought down and arranged in rear of trendies ; six Sappers repairing magazine in 21-gun battery, damaged last night by a shell. The powder was replaced, and passage frame repaired. Two Sappers putting together chevaux-de-frise. It would be advisable to scrape the paint off the spikes_ to afford rapidity of fixing.
Work done satisfactorily.
Private Wright, Royal Sappers and Miners, was killed by the explosion of a shell at 4.30 r.»r. in the Left advance sap.
June 1, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Line
Sav
Working Party.
. . 150 men.
Sappers ... 24 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Graves, R.E.
Thickening parapet of No. 11 battery, 40 men ; thickening parapet of No. 12 battery over magazine,
II 2

252
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
repairing shot holes, 10 men ; zig-zags on right of No. 10 buttery, 130 men, improving cover and deepening trench ; No. 7 battery, exterior slope revetted with tubs, and merlons thickened and improved, 50 men; fourth parallel on the right, widening trench and improving cover, 60 men ; place-of-arms i>, improving cover, 20 men ; deepening trench of approach c e 2 with double parapets, left of fourth parallel, 40 men ; widening trench and improving cover from eaves to the right, 40 men ; communication to caves p from the ditch of No. 7 battery, 19 gabions fixed and filled, and cover increased, 30 men.
The enemy fired a good deal at the working parties in front from the Garden battery, in particular at the communication above the caves. Four men of the 89th Regiment were slightly wounded.
No movement observed on the part of the enemy. I sent to No. 11 battery to request a fire to be opened on the Garden batteries, but there was no gun detachment there.
Call Gen. Dacres’ attention to this.
(Signed) R.
I beg to report that a party of the 68th Regiment under the command of Capt. Hamilton worked very well.
Wounded, 2 rank and tile.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in sun 102 degrees.
; Wobkixg Party.
| Line .... 200 men.
! Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, U.E.
1855.
June 2, Bay.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
No. 1 battery, completing traverse and making banquette between mortars, and completing shell- room, 30 men ; No. 4 battery, revetting and raising parapet, 30 men ; No. 4 battery, making road to magazine and cave, and thickening epaulment on left, and building shell-room on right, 50 men ; 2d parallel, deepening trench, building banquettes, and heightening parapet, 30 men ; No. 13 battery, cutting passage in rear of mortars, and heightening parapet in front of No. 10 mortar, 30 men ; assisting carpenters, 30 men.
thickening parapet of No. 15 battery, and widening passage, magazine, &c., 70 men; finishing No. 3 magazine in 21-gun battery, 10 men.
The parties worked in a satisfactory manner. Nothing new discovered in the enemy’s works.
Working Parties of Russians were at work, but under cover.
Nothing of consequence occurred during the night.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in the sun 102 degrees.
1855.
Tone 2, I>ay.
♦ A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on (Inti/
flat relief, 200 men.
12d relief, 150 „
24 men.
fCagt^DE Moleyks,
1 Capt. Campbell, 40th b Rogt.
1st and 2d Reliefs.
The Sappers were employed as follows :—
One brigade building new mortar battery, No. 15 ; half brigade, right communication j, No. 2 ; half brigade fitting chevaux-de-frize, collecting tools, carrying gabions, &c. ; half brigade fixing bollards for sea-service mortars ; one brigade carpenters building magazine, No. 15 battery.
The Line were employed—
1st Relief.
80 men, No. 15 battery. 50 „ carrying gabions.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
253
Left
Attack.
Right Attack.
1S5S.
fane 2, Say.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sailors . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
200 men.
30 „
39 „
f Major Chapman, 20th (. liegt.
Working parties employed as follows :—
Fifty men, No. 11 battery, making shell-room, heightening and thickening epaulment on left, making road to magazine, and excavating for another ; 50 men in the approaches leading to caves, increasing cover ; 40 men, No. 13 battery, excavating for magazine, heightening and thickening parapet in front of No. 4 mortar, clearing terrepleine in rear ; 30 men in No. 14 battery, heightening and thickening parapet, increasing traverse, and rebuilding the end of another; 30 men in the approach in rear of No. 8 battery improving cover.
The sailors (30) repairing magazines over at the Picquet-house, and carrying splinter-proofs for same.
Detail of Sappers.
1 sergeant, 5 privates, superintending.
1 corporal, 1 „ in charge of tools.
2 „ 6 „ carpenters.
7 „ 17 „ blasting.
The enemy had large parties at work on the left of i lie higher Garden batteries.
Working Party.
June 2, Wight. Line .... too men.
9 P.M. to 2 A.M. Sappers ... 21 „
Officer on duty Capt. Armit, R.E.
Thirty men improving trench m, o, from No. 6 boyau to left of No. 7 battery ; good cover ; eight men, No. 13 battery, excavating magazine and shell- room.
One hundred and seventy-two men improving cover in 4th parallel, particularly at rocky part on right and communication to caves ; 60 men revetting outside No. 7 battery with tubs, commencing at bottom to form berm ; 130 men making new communication to fourth parallel from right advanced trench, about two feet three inches deep on an average.
The enemy were heard working on the opposite side of the Woronzoff Road. The party revetting No. 7 battery were much molested.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in the sun 104°.
10 men, collecting tools, &c.
56 „ new communication, No. 2.
4 ,, fitting chevaux-de-frise.
2d Relief.'
90 men, No. 15 battery.
45 „ new communication, No. 2, J.
5 „ fitting chevaux-de-frise.
10 ,, placing sandbags, No. 13 battery.
The working parties worked well, and were not disturbed by the enemy.
There were no casualties. A private deserted to the enemy from the Left advance about 10 o’clock in the day.
The Russians opened fire on the 21-gun battery from their mortars about 4 o’clock, but did no damage.
The new sun shades provided this day are defective, inasmuch as when fixed the communication through the trench is interrupted, and one man was killed in going round by the rear.
1355 i Working Party.
June^WiBh*. j %£ pe ; s ; ; ; ^ T'
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. j (jjjicer on duty Lieut. James, R.E.
The working parties did not arrive until past 9 p.m., and exceeded the number required by 75 men. By Colonel Shirley’s permission, these were allowed to return to camp.
No. 15 battery, half brigade of Suppers and 40 men were employed strengthening the magazine, thickening the parapet, and widening the terrepleine of the battery.
The Royal Artillery mounted another 13-inch land- service mortar in this battery during the night.
No. 13. battery, two Sappers and 20 men building sandbags and raising at right epaulment; No. 14 battery, two Sappers and 20 men thickening right epaulment and parapet in front of magazine ; 21-gun battery, one Sapper and ten men repairing embrasures of No. 9 and 18-guns, and taking down gabions outside the parapet recently placed by the sailors; quarrying holes to place running-up purchase in front of sea-service mortars in 21-gun battery and No. 12 battery, one brigade of carpenters and half

254
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 38 „
Officer on duty Capt. Abmit, R.E.
Thirty men making banquette, right mortar battery; 20 men rebuilding magazine, Picquet-liouse battery ; 10 men working at shell-room, sea-servico mortar ; 30 men, No. 11 battery, thickening angle, left epaul- ment, working at shell-room in right epaulment, and cave on hill side and road to battery ; 40 men, right of No. 10 battery, second parallel, improving and deepening trench ; 14 men, in communication from 4 boyau to No. 14 battery, blasting, and improving cover ; 6 men, No. 13 battery, continuing magazine.
The parties, although the field officer was warned, did not arrive at the depot till 5.30 a.m., instead of 4. Nothing particular observed.
; "Working Pasty.
„ , „ ; Line .... 190 men.
3 P.M. to / P.M. Sappers ... 12 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
40 men in No. 11 battery.
30 men in No. 10 battery (to the right of). 30 men to the left of No. 12 bnttery,
30 men, trench in rear of No. 8 battery.
20 men, Picquet-liouse battery.
20 men in No. 14 battery.
20 men, engineer depot.
In No. 11 the epaulment was thickened, the frame for a shell-room in the right epaulment fixed, the surgeons’ hut excavated, and the road improved from it to the battery. In the second parallel, to the right
1855.
June 3, Say.
4 A.M. to S A.M.
Right Attack.
brigade of Sappers ; No. 11 mortar battery, two Sappers and 40 men employed thickening the whole of the parapet outside.
For general repairs, Right advance, and third parallel, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men, working especially at the right rifle-pit n, right communications, and the well e in front of the third parallel.
The enemy kept up a very heavy shelling from the Round Tower and Redan during the greater part of the night, but fortunately with very little damage.
I heard a small working party in front of the right rifle-pit n, apparently improving the cover in the enemy’s trenches.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in sun 104°.
1855.
June 3, Say
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st Relief.
fist relief, 100 men.
( 2d relief, 150 „
fist relief, 24 „
(.2d relief, 24 „
Lieut. Fisher, R.E.
One brigade of Sappers, left communication between 12 and 15 batteries ; one brigade of Sappers laying down holdfasts for sea-service mortar ; two Sappers, right communication; 1 brigade of carpenters at magazine to 14 battery ; 1 Sapper and 100 men carrying gabions from 21 battery to Left advance ; 3 Sappers sentries.
2d Relief.
Covering magazine and raising parapet, 15 battery, half brigade of Sappers and 40 men ; No. 12 battery, laying down holdfasts for sea-service mortar, half brigade of Sappers; new right communication, raising parapet, 3 Sappers and 40 men ; right ravine communication, raising parapet to cover small-arm ammunition magazine, 2 Sappers and 30 men.
Covering magazine in No. 14 battery, 1 brigade carpenters and 10 men ; repairing traverse, Left advance, 2 Sappers and 20 men ; carrying 56 gabions from right ravine to right ravine communication, 10 men ; fitting chevaux-de-frise, 2 Sappers ; sentries, 3 Sappers. Nothing unusual observed during the day.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
255
Left Attack.
of No. 10, the trench was deepened, and the banquette commenced. In No. 14 the excavation for the magazine was finished, and the frames fixed, and the earth removed in rear of the platforms. In the second parallel to the left of No. 12, and near the cut into the parapet, the cover was improved ; the new trench k, behind No. 8. battery, was deepened ; a party of miners were engaged in blasting at the Picquet-house ; the magazine was rebuilt, and the passage, which had given way, made good ; the parapet to the left of the engineer depot was heightened. One of the working party was slightly wounded by a bullet on the right of the second parallel. The enemy did not fire a shot until the evening relief l>egan to appear. They attempted to work behind one of the Garden batteries, but were prevented by our riflenien. Sappers employed in general superintendence and blasting.
Right Attack.
1855.
June 3, Night.
8 P.M.tO 2 A.M.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
Working Party. . . 410 men.
23 „
fCapt. Bei.son, R.E. autv \ Lt. Jones, 46th Regt.
1855.
June 3 f Wight. 8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Lowry, R.E.
Continuing the revetment of the exterior slope and escarp of No. 7. battery with tubs, altering the splay of the Gtli embrusure, uud deepening the communication to the advanced caves.
A party was working at the magazine of No. 13. battery. In the early part of the evening I employed a strong party in completing the zig-zag communication from the right of the third parallel to the trench in front. I altered the direction of the second zig-zag, which had been commenced the night before, as it was taken in reverse by the Flagstaff, and laid out and commenced four new zig-zags (s), which when completed will make the communications round the front complete. When the moon rose I removed part of this party, who were most exposed, to the fourth parallel and the rifle screens in it, and to the trench k connecting No. 4. boyau and 14 battery. A party also worked at the trench on the right of the shaft from the caves, and the Sappers were employed in blasting there and the previously mentioned communication, and that (p) from the ditch of No. 7. to the advanced caves.
The artillery fired carcasses at the town in the early part of the night, but the greater part of them burst almost immediately after leaving the piece, and I did not observe any effect from them.
Two and half brigades of Sappers were employed as follows :—
Half brigade putting earth on the top of magazine in No. 1.5 battery ; half brigade making a traverse to cover the entrance to the triangular magazine in No. 14 battery ; half brigade superintending working party in third parallel; half brigade sentries on gabions, tools, &c.; half brigade thickening parapet of right rifle pit x.
A working party of 150 men of the Line were employed as follow's :—
Thirty men putting earth on magazine, No. 15 battery ; 40 men thickening parapet of right rifle- pit n ; 20 men making traverse to magazine, No. 14 battery ; 60 men improving cover in right of third parallel.
The working parties worked well, notwithstanding a good deal of shelling from the enemy.
Between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. a sharp musketry fire was opened between the Russians and the French in front of the Mamelon. It lasted for about half an hour. One man of the working party was slightly wounded by a piece of shell.
About dusk our artillery commenced firing carcasses into the town. Almost eveiy one of these projectiles burst at the muzzle, causing great consternation and

256
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
The enemy appears to have heen thickening the parapet of the Quarries.
Wounded, 1 officer, 8 rank and file.
Dav very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in the shade 82°.
1855.
June 4, Say.
4 a.m. to 8 a.m.
Wouki.no Party.
Line .... 190 non.
Sappers ... 40 „
i t fCapt. Rki.sox, U.K. Officers on duly [ Llf '. ut . Donnelly, R.E.
June 4, Say.
3 r.il. to 7 P.M.
Working parties employed as follows :—
No. 1 mortar battery, making banquette ; No. 1 gun battery, shell-room on the right, shell-room in the traverse of the sea-serviee mortar ; at No. 11 battery, thickening left epaulment, finishing shell-room, working at the cave and the road from it to the battery ; improving cover of 2d parallel, right of No. 10 battery, and working at the shell-room and magazine of No. 13 battery. Sappers were employed blasting in the communication k between No. 4 boy an and 14 battery, and in some of tlie advanced trenches.
WoiiKiYi; Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Simpers ... 18 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
Rioiit Attack.
injury to the troops in the advanced trenches; Colonel Mundy, 33d Regiment, was wounded by a portion of one of these carcasses, besides two or three other cases.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in shade 82°.
30 men were employed finishing a shell-room on the right of No. 1 battery, and facing the parapet of the sea-service, mortar platform with earth ; 20 men in No. 3 mortar battery, repairing the revetment; 40 men in No. 8 battery, converting the shell-room into a magazine ; 20 men in No. 12 battery, building screens to the doors of the shell-room and magazine ; 10 men in No. 10 battery, building screen to door of magazine ; 20 men in No. 13 battery, finishing magazine and shell-room ; 60 men in No. 11 batten-, making shell-room and a traverse in front of door, and a traverse in front of magazine. Sappers were blasting in the communication from top of caves, in communication k from No. 4 zig zag to No. 14 battery, and in communication from 14 battery, to right of 2d parallel. The rest of the Sappers were superintending working parties. Two mines were fired between the French advanced trench and the j Flagstaff battery. Large Russian working parties j were working at the new upper Garden batten'. j
1855.
June 4, Day.
4 to 8 A.M.
3 to 7 r.M.
Working Tarty.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
f'Lieut. Elimiinstoxe,
Officers on Out, A c^cWolskley, OOP., i V. Rcgt.
One hundred men and half brigade of Sappers during both reliefs increasing cover in the right ravine communication ; 1st parallel, rifle-pit x and communication, 20 men and one Sapper increasing cover ; general’s hut, half brigade of Sappers and 10 men continued and completed in 1st relief the traverse in front of it ; half brigade Sappers and 20 men continued the traverse near the magazine between batteries Nos. 13 and 14 ; half brigade Sappers employed in fitting the iron chevaux-dc-frise.
There was very little firing on the part of the enemy during the forenoon, but (luring the evening relief they commenced shelling the working party in the right ravine communication with the trench. About 100 carts, containing between four or five gabions each, entered the town this morning early.
There were no casualties aim ;ig the working parties.
ha-:;

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
257
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855 I Working Party.
June 4, To
8 p.m. to - a.m. , officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
No. 2 battery, one Sapper nml 12 men employed taking down and revetting No. 1 embrasure ; left cheek completed, but right check not quite completed for want of sandbags ; No. 11 battery, one Sapper and ten men revetting No. 4 embrasure ; on the right of No. 10 battery, one Sapper and 50 men employed in raising the stone traverse two feet, and cutting the trench deeper down the hill.
One Sapper and 50 men employed in deepening trench and removing banquette, also revetting angle h, where the trenches to 2d and 4th parallels separate, with gabions ; three Sappers and 160 men employed improving cover of zigzags to 4th parallel; No. 14 battery, one Sapper and ten men employed revetting the right cheek of No. 3 embrasure, and left side of traverse where injured by shot.
No. 13 battery, one Sapper and ten men employed covering shell-room and cutting passage in rear of platforms ; No. 7 battery, revetment continued with gabions at 4, 5, and 6 guns, one Sapper and 30 men ; 4th parallel, one Sapper and 10 men filling up shot holes, &c. ; eight miners employed blasting in communication k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery. There was not so much work done on the right and in advance of No. 14 battery, on account of a false alarm, and the men standing to their arms. Major Chapman, assistant engineer, who was on the spot, immediately, with a party of volunteers of the 39th Regiment, went to the front, and posted sentries, as a temporary measure, and the parties went to work again as quickly as possible.
The names of the sergeants were Flynn and Halloran, who, with the 20 volunteers, were most active on the occasion.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 15 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in the shade 80°.
' Working Party.
June 5, Day. Line .... 131 men.
4 a.m. to 8 P.M. Sappers ... 6
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
One Sapper and 12 men employed building traverse to door of magazine and shell-room, No. 12 battery ; one Sapper and six men at No. 10 battery, traverse repaired, and altered on right; No. 7 battery, one
1855.
June 4, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Mappers . . . Officer on ditty
150 men.
24 „
Major Campbell, 46th Regt.
Half brigade of Sappers and 40 men throwing up new parapet on the right of the 21-gun battery ; half brigade of Sappers and 50 men improving parapet of communication to right rifle-pit ; half brigade of Sappers and 25 men repairing right rifle-pit n ; half brigade of Sappers and 10 men heightening traverse and magazine of No. 14 battery ; one brigade of carpenters and 25 men repairing magazine of No. 1 right mortar battery.
Remarks.
A fatigue party of 150 men nrrived with gabions, and 136 gabions were taken down by the party to the Right advance, near the field guns.
The remaining 14 were kept for revetting the new parapet on the right of the 21-gun battery.
There was not a great deal of work done in the communication to right rifle-pit x, on account of the difficulty of the ground, and the impossibility of keeping the party outside the trench after the sun rose.
The enemy shelled incessantly N from mortars and field pieces, but only one casualty occurred among the working parties. At about 8 o’clock i>.m. the magazine of No. 1 right mortar battery was much damaged by a large shell falling on it. The powder was removed, and a brigade of carpenters and 25 men set to work at it. A great part of the frame is strained, and will have to be removed arid replaced. No new works were thrown up by the enemy during the night.
Wounded, 5 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S.W. Thermometer in the shade 80°.
Working Party.
Lina .... 70 men.
Mappers ... „
Officer on duty { M^Campbell, 46t’u
One brigade of Sappers aud 50 men deepening approach from middle piequet ravine ; one brigade of Sappers and 10 men revetting new parapet on right of 21-gun battery ; half brigade of Sappers and 10
June 5, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
K K

258
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Sapper and 16 men employed opening passage of new magazine, &c. ; second parallel between 9 and 12 batteries, one Sapper and 50 men raising parapet, right of No. 10; one Sapper and 30 men deepening trench; one Sapper and 20 men, right of No. 9 battery, raising parapet and rebuilding look-out place.
1855.
Jane 5, Day.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 raen.
Sappers ... 19 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
men heightening traverse of No. 14 battery ; one brigade of carpenters repairing No. 1, right mortar battery magazine.
1855.
June 5, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line
Working Party.
< 1st relief, 70 men. * • (2d relief, 90 .,
Sappers ... 20 men.
Officers on
No. 1 battery, repairing left traverse with gabions, one Sapper and four men ; sea-service mortar, banking up face of revetment with earth opposite to mortar, 16 men ; mortar battery, No. 3, left of No. 3 battery, two Sappers and six men relaying platform ; No. 4 battery, heaping up earth round dismantled shell-room, one Sapper and 20 men.
Depot, raising parapet, 22 men ; No. 9 battery, converting shell-room into magazine, heaping up earth, and shoring up, one Sapper and 20 men ; No. 11 battery, thickening left epaulment, finishing shell- room, and working at caves on hillside, nine Sappers and 20 men ; No. 12 battery, building traverse in rear of shell-room, one Sapper and six men.
Second purullcl, raising purupet between butteries 9 and 12, and clearing out drain, one Sapper and 26 men ; No. 7 battery, continuing driving gallery for magazine on right, two Sappers and six men ; No. 8 battery, collecting and stacking sandbags; No. 13 battery, cutting passage in rear of mortar platforms, and clearing passage of stones, one Sapper and 50 men ; blasting rock in communication k from No. 14 battery to 4 boyau, six miners from the Line.
No. 10 battery, building traverse in front of shell- room, stones removed, and replaced by sandbags, by order of Colonel Chapman, R.E.
1st Relief.
Two brigades of Sappers and one of carpenters were employed in general superintendence, and repairing the magazine in right mortar battery of 21-gun battery.
Seventy men of the Line employed as follows :—
Right ravine communication, 40 men improving cover ; magazine in right mortar battery of 21-gun battery, one brigade of carpenters and 10 men removing debris and repairing magazine ; right Lancaster battery No. 1, 10 men forming a parapet for additional gun on right of present guns ; traverse on right of triangular magazine on right of sandbag battery, 10 men completing traverse.
2d Relief.
From 3 r.M. to 7 r.M., 20 additional men were at work, five at traverse at triangular magazine, and 15 collecting tools, &c. from all parts of the trenches.
The enemy fired shot and shell at the working party in Lancaster battery No. 1, but without doing damage.
Trenches in right advance near rifle-pit n much neglected by quartermaster, and smell offensively.
The enemy were observed, on the proper right of the Mamelon hill, just where a small flank breaks out to the front, to be carrying away earth, and returning with empty bags for the purpose of refilling them again. It is not improbable that they are making a gallery or shaft from the ditch of the flank.
They were enfiladed by our riflemen, and three or four were hit.
June 5, Night.
8 P.M. to a A.M.
Working Party.
Line - . . . 385 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Armit, R.E.
Forty men, opening embrasures and revetting, filling sandbags, &c., No. 11 battery; 36 men, do., do., do., No. 10 battery ; two men at magazine, No. 7 battery, excavating ; 60 men, No. 7 battery,
June 5, Night.
9 P.M. to H A.M.
uppers ,
Working Party. . . . 122 men.
Ainer ml duiv
< Lieut. Anderson, 96th
One corporal and half brigade of Sappers and 50 men employed in making parapet for gun to the right of Lancaster battery ; one corporal and one brigade of carpenters and 10 men rebuilding powder magazine

* JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
( 259
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
revetting externally with tubs ; 20 men making communication from No. 7 battery to caves, blasting, and revetting, &c. Very fair cover obtained.
Ten men, blasting at corner of 4 boyau, and making trench ; one man killed on his way there carrying a tub ; 93 men improving cover, right advanced boyaux (s) at No. 4 parallel ; 20 men blasting and improving cover leading to cave ladder ; 104 men improving cover along No. 4 parallel, where required ; one man killed, one man wounded by enemy, and one officer and one sergeant wounded accidentally on bayonets. Two alarms during the night, and once our men exchanged shots with the enemy, which delayed the work much.
The party at the right of the fourth parallel did not work satisfactorily.
I found a good average cover this morning.
(Signed) G.B.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 85°.
1855 .
June 6, Day.
2 A.M. to 6 A.U.
WOBKING PABTY.
Line .... 160 men.
Sappers ... 2S „
Officer on duty Capt. Abmit, R.E.
Twenty-four men, blasting in right advanced trench; eight men, blasting in caves ; eight men, blasting in communication to No. 14 batteiy ; 20 men, Picquet- housebattery, revetting embrasures; 10men, blasting and improving cover in fourth parallel ; 60 men, No. 11 battery, clearing and revetting embrasures ; 20 men, improving cover in communication to caves ; 10 men, improving cover in communication to cave, ladder.
By some mistake of the field officer I only got 160 men instead of 200. The general could not give me 250.
Observed nothing particular.
on right of No. 2 mortar battery ; this was more than half completed ; half brigade of Sappers and 30 men employed in putting embrasures of 21-gun battery in thorough repair, also repairing magazine of No. 6 mortar battery, and a traverse completed.
Two Sappers and 12 men employed in clearing away loose earth from terrepleine of No. 7 mortar battery, and throwing it on top of magazine ; completed ; one corporal and two Sappers employed in clearing out embrasures of No. 13 battery, and masking them at the neck with one layer of sandbags; completed; half brigade of Sappers and 20 men employed in clearing out embrasures of No. 14 battery, and masking them ; completed.
One Sapper from the above half brigade employed in clearing away earth from top of No. 14 gun battery magazine, and, later, proceeding to right rifle-pit, to repair parapet, in consequence of a round shot having gone through and wounded a man; completed.
The field officer reported having seen men tracing a new work between Mamelon and Round Tower. Had two gunsjlaid for the spot, but not having heard the enemy working during the night they were not fired.
The enemy have built a new traverse or cavalier behind Round Tower. It seems to have been done last night.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in the shade 85°.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Mining, 1 rank and file.
1855 .
Jane 6, Day.
6 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 0 P.M.
Working Partt.
Lint . . . . £ Sappers . . . £
1st relief, 70 men. 2d relief, 60 „
1st relief, 24 „
2d relief, 28 „
1st Relief.
Sappers.
One brigade, communication to No. 15 battery ; half brigade forming parapet for new gun on extreme right of 21-gun battery ; one brigade, general repairs to batteries ; one brigade, carpenters, building magazine, right mortar battery (No. 2).
Line.
Fifty men building parapet on right 21-gun battery ; 10 men, general repairs ; 10 men, building magazine, No. 2 battery.
This relief worked well, and were not disturbed by the enemy.
k k 2

260
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855 .
June 6, Say.
7 A.M. to 11 A.M.
Wobking Pahtt. t Line .... 300 men.
I Sailors ... 16 „
] Sappers ... 61 ,,
1 Officer on duty Lieut. Goedon, R.E.
Working party employed as follows :—
Nos. 1 and 2 batteries
50
men.
No. 11 battery ...
35
No. 9 - - -
50
No. 12 „ ...
12
No. 10 „
20
JJ
Right of second parallel
50
5*
No. 7 battery ...
8
>>
No. 6 „ ...
16
Trench to the right of No. 14
battery ...
50
»
Cave magazine ...
15
Mortar platform, No. 3 - -
10
16 men of these were sailors.
In No. 1 battery the earth was levelled in front of Nos. 1 and 2 guns ; in No. 2 battery, No. 1 embrasure was filled up, and in front of the sea-service mortar the parapet was thickened ; in No. 11 battery the embrasures were completed ; in No. 9 battery the magazine was thickened with earth from rear ; in No. 12 battery, a traverse was erected in front of shell-room ; in No. 10 battery the revetment of embrasures were finished ; to the right of No. 10 battery, second parallel, the banquettes were cut out of the parapet ; in the trench to the right of No. 14 battery, the banquette was cut out ; in No. 7 battery, the magazine was carried on to a depth of 10 feet ; in the Picquet-liouse battery, the embrasures were finished, a mortar platform was laid in No. 3, and the powder caves strengthened in the first parallel. Shortly after 3 r.M. our batteries opened. The Russians, although apparently surprised, displayed great activity in manning their guns, and blowing out their masking. The relief for the Redan I observed moving up a quarter of an hour after this.
The Barrack and upper Garden batteries were the last to open. I observed the reliefs for the Garden battery falling in near the Town battery, in the road below it. A couple of hours afterwards, five large boats full of troops came over from the North side. By 6 o’clock r.M. all the guns in the Redan, with one exception, most of the guns in flank of Redan, the Point Garden battery, and the one above it, had ceased firing, and in the upper Garden, on the Russian left, a 5-gun battery and three guns of another
2d Relief.
Sappers.
One brigade, general repairs to Nos. 8, 9, 13, and 14 batteries ; one and a half brigades, general to 21-gun battery ; one brigade of carpenters, repairs to magazines and platforms generally ; one brigade, rebuilding electric telegraph station.
Line.
Twenty men, repairs to 21-gun battery ; 20 men repairs to Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries ; 10 men, rebuilding electric telegraph station.
The working parties worked well, considering the heavy fire they were under.
Not much was required of them, as there was scarcely an instance of an embrasure having to be repaired under fire.
(Signed) R. T.
I beg leave to bring to your notice the gallantry and good conduct of 2d Corporal S. Cole, 2d Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, Private A. M‘Cnugliey, 10th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, in repairing embrasures ; and Lieut. Lowry has reported to me his approbation of the conduct of Corporal Stanton, 10th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, as well as Gunner and Driver Burke of the Royal Artillery, who assisted in repairing an embrasure, under the heaviest fire in No. 14 battery. Colour Serjeant A. MLeod, of the 9th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, and Private J. Patterson of the same company, were slightly wounded.
Let the three Sappers and the Gunner have 3l. each as a reward.
Colonel Steele will furnish the 8l.
(Signed) Raglan.
The duty of a Sapper.
(Signed) R. T.
I beg leave to report that there was a great deficiency of stretchers, more particularly in the advanced batteries.
Observations.
Two guns disabled in No. 9 and one in No. 14 battery. Both these batteries suffered a good deal front the enemy’s fire. The damage to the 21-gun battery and the casualties there were trifling. At 8 p.m. the enemy fired from only one gun on the right face of the Mantelon, which was much destroyed.
The remainder of the enemy’s works Received damage, although not to so great an extent.
(Signed)
R. T.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
261
Left Attack.
battery adjoining this had ceased firing. The firing was hottest in Nos. 9, 10, and 11 ; the former more so than the other two. In No. 9 one man severely, five slightly wounded ; no guns or carriages disabled. In No. 11, one man slightly wounded ; no guns or carriages disabled. In No. 10, two men slightly wounded ; no guns or carriages disabled.
In Nos. 12, 13, 14, the fire was very slight, especially the two latter, the enemy not noticing them. In the first parallel, one man of the Marine artillery killed ; one man of the Naval Brigade wounded. No guns or carriages disabled. Our shells seemed to tear the parapet of the Redan tremendously, perfectly destroying the embrasures. The Garden Battery Point did not seem very much inj ured.
The fourth parallel had 185 rifles in it, who fired into the embrasures, and 80 men did the same in the trench h g, joining No. 14 battery to the second parallel ; the remainder of the men, under the second field officer, were in the ravine, the senior field officer being in the advance. One shot was fired at both Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, which did no damage.
P.S. Two men, covering party, one man, working party, were wounded in the early part of the day, and one man, working party, killed. The Russians during the morning fired several rounds from a 13-inch mortar in the Town Battery. No. 11 battery was fired on principally by the Creek batteries, where there lately have been nothing but field pieces, but now some very heavy guns are in their places.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and blasting in new trenches.
1855 .
June 6, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 23 „
f Cnpt. Belsox, R.E. Officers on- duty 4 Lieut. Jones, 40th (. Regiment.
Continued the revetment of the escarp of No. 7 battery with tubs, principally opposite the sixth embrasure.
That battery, and No. 8, were placed in a state of readiness to open fire this morning. The damage done to the fourth parallel, which was very slight, was repaired.
The embrasures of all the batteries which had been firing during the day were repaired, as far as practicable; in some cases not so much as required ; but this was partly owing to the fire being kept up from the
Right Attack.
1855 .
June 6, Night.
8 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
("Lieut. James, R.E. Officers on duty < Lieut. Somerville, (. R.E.
21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, half brigade of Sappers and 30 men, new 1-gun portion, thickening, &c.; two Sappers and 10 men, No. 9 battery, repairing embrasures, &c.; one brigade of Sappers and 50 men, No. 13 battery, repairing embrasures, &c.
Half brigade of Sappers and 30 men, No. 14 battery, repairing embrasures, &c.
The working party came down under the charge of only two captains and one subaltern, the whole not being placed under any charge. The party of the Line in No. 9 battery showed great want of spirit ; and

262
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
•Left Attack.
majority of guns throughout the night. The carpenters did what was necessary for the repair of the platforms.
Our fire, which was kept up all night, was not returned by the enemy. None of our guns are disabled. No. 1 battery was entirely unmanned when I left the trenches, the gunners having, I believe, gone to Nos.
7 and 8 batteries.
Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 23 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in the shade 85°.
7tli June 1855.
Memo.
Up to 9 a.m. the state of our batteries was satisfactory in the first parallel ; but several of the guns are unmanned, and others not worked, as the men are required to carry powder up from the caves.
I left word that when we can obtain a working party of the Line a portion of them may be used for this purpose, viz., to carry powder.
Two guns in No. 9 disabled ; the fire against 7 and
8 was very heavy, and our artillery have suffered, but are still fighting the guns. No. 14 battery not yet open.
I found all the men posted in the advance trench asleep, and not firing into the embrasures of the Redan, Barrack, nor Garden. The senior officer told me he had not received any orders to fire.
They commenced when I told him why they had been sent to the advance. After a search for a long time I was unable to find the field officer, to report to him the circumstance.
(Signed) G. Bent,
Major R.E.
Right Attack.
the Sappers being half taken from No. 9 Company, consequently scarcely yet understanding their duty, I did not finish off this battery so well as I wished.
About 12 p.m. the artillery officer in charge reported to me damage done by a shell on the roof of the right magazine of No. 9 battery, having, he said, occurred some hours. On examination I found one of the splinter proofs broken, and the frames so strained as to render it necessary to have all the powder removed. As I had no working party to spare to remove the earth from the roof and door of this magazine, I asked the general of the trenches for a working party of 10 men from the reserve.
Nos. 13 and 14 batteries were completed about 12 p.m., and I then removed the working parties to assist at the 21-gun battery, where I found the work required much more extensive than I had supposed. A portion of the working party remained until after 4 a. 3i., and I also received great assistance towards morning from the sailors, without which help I could not possibly have completed the repairs before morning.
The carpenters were employed at the 13-inch mortar platform at the right of the 21-gun battery, in stripping the planking, in laying down battens for all the guns and mortars which fired during the night, in uncovering the right magazine of the 9-gun battery, and in various repairs of platforms in the 21-gun battery. The whole of our mortars and the greater part of our guns kept up a fire all night very effectively. The enemy scarcely returned more mortar shells than on an ordinary night, and scarcely a single gun-shot or shell.
Our batteries recommenced the heavy fire about 4 a.m. The fire was scarcely answered until 4.30 a.m., the Mamelon being quite silent until 6.15 a.m., and opening with two pieces only. The Round Tower first fired at the rate of 19 shots from five guns in 16 minutes, and half an hour subsequently 21 rounds in 12 minutes. The Redan and works adjacent commenced at the rate of 13 rounds to the left, and 16 rounds to the right of the salient in 15 minutes, the right face of the Redan itself appearing to fire from five or six guns. The fire of mortars from the enemy was very slow, but good, their gun fire being very inferior. Five casualties amongst the sailors occurred before I left the battery. I have the honour to report the zealous conduct of Sergeant Montgomery,

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
263
Left Attack.
Working Party.
1855. Sapjpers ... 54 men.
June 7, Day. rLieut. Donnelly, R.E.
3 a.m. to 8 r.M. Officers on duty ■{ Major Chapman, 20th
l Regt.
No work was performed in the batteries this day, except the repairing of the embrasures by the Sappers, and some blasting in the third parallel, in consequence of our not being able to find the field officer to obtain a party.
The firing on the first parallel was very slight, but very heavy on the advanced batteries, especially Nos. 7 and 8. At about 4.45 r.M. our batteries commenced firing more briskly, according to orders. At 6 r.M. the French could be seen taking the Mamelon, and shortly after the men in the left of the advanced parallel of the Right attack were seen to rush over the parapets and into the Quarries. The Russians almost immediately retired, but, being only pursued by the few men who had then come up, attempted to make a stand on the rising ground immediately in rear. Here a sharp contest took place, which lasted a few minutes, when the Russians ran into their own batteries, and those of the men who had pursued came back in small parties. Our batteries, which had ceased firing, according to orders, when the men left the trenches, seeing that the Redan was not taken, re-opened their fire with great rapidity and precision. Nos. 7 and 8 batteries were very much damaged by the enemy’s fire.
I think there were three men killed and about 20 wounded on the Left attack, three of the latter being Sappers.
Right Attack.
the sergeant in charge of the Sappers. The whole of the 9th Company in the trenches deserve approbation for their conduct, being their first time under fire. I noticed especially the conduct of Lance Corporal Simpson, of the 9th Company, in mending an embrasure this morning.
Let him have 2 l. as well as the others.
(Signed) Raglan.
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 3 officers, 21 rank and file.
Kaval Brigade, from 1st to 6th June:—
Killed, 2 seamen. Wounded, 1 officer, 13 seamen.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in the shade 85°.
No report of work executed during the day of the 7th has been received, in consequence of Captain Dawson, R.E., the officer on duty, being killed early in the day.

264
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
June 7 V Nigbt 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Mappers ... 31 ,,
Officers on dnty n“'i£?R.E.
1855.
June 7, Night. 6 P.M. to 4 A.M.
Right Attack.
Work i
Line .... Mappers . . .
Officers on duty
The working party was distributed amongst the gun batteries only, the mortar batteries not being much damaged. The embrasures of No. 11 battery were repaired with fascines, and the exterior slope of No. 7 with tubs. The embrasures of the remaining batteries were repaired with sandbags and gabions, as far as the means at my disposal permitted. The communication k, between No. 14 battery and No. 4 boyaux, was continued, and considerable progress was made in excavating the magazine in No. 7 battery.
The enemy did not disturb the working parties at all, and there were no casualties ; but I observed four or five attacks made on our troops in the Quarries (Right attack), which apparently were not successful.
Killed, 1 officer, 8 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 14 rank and file.
Day veiy fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
XG Pabtt.
340 men.
24 ,.
Capt. Browne, R.E. Lieut. ELruiNSTONK, R.E.
Lieut. Lowry, R.E. Capt. WOLSKLEY, 90th Kegt.
Liout. Andkksox, 96th l Rest.
At about 7 o’clock p.m. the Quarries were stormed, and a lodgment formed in them as soon as possible, after a grent deal of trouble, the enemy having actually expelled us three times, and removed some of our gabions, which were immediately retaken.
The lodgment was principally made of gabions and barrels. A communication was made from Quarries to our advanced sap, in which there is, in most parts, sufficient cover for working during the daytime. I regret that I was unable to form a Hank to the Russian rifle-pit, as directed to do by you, principally owing to the very exhausted state of the working party, and also to a heavy fire having been kept up from attempted sorties from about half past one o’clock till daylight. I considered it of great importance to get sufficient cover in the communication to enable men to work during the dny. I have great regret iu reporting to you the death of Lieut. Lowry, ll.K., who was killed whilst gallantly cheering on the men after their having been repulsed.
I beg to report most favourably on the conduct of Lieut. Elphinstone, R.E., and of Captain Wolseley, 90th Regiment, assistant engineer. Both these officers exerted themselves to the utmost in forming the lodgment and communication. Lieut. Anderson, 96th Regiment, assistant engineer, was unfortuuately wounded in the leg early in the evening ; Corporal Luxton, Privates M‘Donald, Collins, and Ilosie were wounded ; the latter in 21-gun battery.
Killed, 10 officers, 110 rank and file. Wounded, 33 officers, 454 rank and file. Missing, IS rank and file.
Naval Brigade, 7th June:—
Killed, 6 seamen. Wounded, 1 officer, 35 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. in shade, 80°.
Thermometer

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
265
Guns, &c. in Batteries before Sebastopol, 6th June 1855 . Right Attack.
No. of Batteries.
Nature of Gun.
Mortar.
Total.
Number of
Guns manned by Navy
in
each Battery.
Number of
Guns manned
by the Artillery in each Battery.
Objects.
Remarks.
a
►H
©
68 Pounder.
1
32-Pounder.
24-Pounder,
8-Inch.
13-Inch.
10-Inch.
1
1
1
2
o
Nil.
Malakoff Tower.
o
—
_
—
-
-
1
1
2
Nil.
2
Do.
3
1
3
—
1
_
_
5
5
Nil.
Do.
4
_
5
2
_
7
7
Nil
Do.
f>
2
4
_
6
G
Nil.
Redan, &c.
rt
_
-
2
2
Nil.
2
Do.
7
_
_
_
_
_
2
2
Nil.
2
Do.
8
_
_
_
_
-
_
3
3
Nil.
3
Malakoff Tower.
9
_
__
_
_
8
8
Nil.
8
Mamelon.
10
_
_
_
3
_
3
Nil.
3
Whole front of attack.
11
_
_
_
—
3
3
Nil.
3
Tower and Mamelon.
12
_
_
_
_
_
3
_
3
Nil.
3
Uedan, Tower, &c.
13
i
_
_
3
_
4
4
Nil.
Tower and Malakoff.
14
_
_
-
5
h _
_
5
Nil.
5
Iledan and Barrack.
15
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
3
Nil.
3
Do.
4
6
8
-
19
15
6
58
Left Attack.
No. of Batteries.
10-Inch. 1
Xatn
C
it
a
£
00
re of
t.*
c*
r3
a
p
o
Gun.
C
o
a
p
o
Ph
<?i
8 -Inch. |
i
13-Inch. 5*
2
10-Inch. ”
Total. 1
1
Number of
Guns manned
by Navy-
in each
Battery.
Number of
Guns manned
by the Artillery in each Battery.
Objects.
Remarks.
1
2
5
4
11
Nil.
11
Barrack,Redan,andTower.
2
_
8
—
2
_
-
10
10
Nil.
Barrack.
4
1
-
6
2
i
_
10
10
Nil.
Redan,Flagstaff, and Gar-
Naval. 4
6
6
Nil.
4
den.
Creek.
I’icquet-house
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
6
Nil.
a
—
7
_
_
6
-
_
_
-
6
Nil.
6
Garden.
8
_
_
8
_
3
—
11
Nil.
11
Barrack and Redan.
9
1
1
_
_
2
_
-
4
4
Nil.
Do. and Garden.
11)
_
_
7
_
_
7
7
Nil.
From Iledan to Barrack.
11
_
_
—
_
8
_
8
Nil.
8
Creek Tower, Barrack,
f Right
6
6
Nil.
6
and Lower Garden. Barrack and Redan.
a ! Centre
-
-
_
-
_
8
_
8
Nil.
8
Do.
S ! 2d Parallel -
_
-
_
_
4
4
Nil.
4
Upper and Lower Garden
f'. | 3d do.
-
4
4
Nil.
4
and Barrack.
Creek,Tower, andBarrack.
(^S. Service -
-
-
-
-
1
“
1
Nil.
1
—
4
1
42
2
27
15
11
102
(Signed) It. T. Dacres,
M.ijor General H, D. Jones, Br. General, Comg.
Comg. R. Engineers.
L L

266
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Reports from tiie Look-out Station.
1855. A large body of men were seen under arms drilling, towards the Post House.
June 1 . No men visible in the camp on the north side.
A working party was at the Burial Ground.
June 2 . 181 bullock carts came in to the North Fort yesterday and this morning.
Large burying party at the Grave Yard.
A new embrasure opened yesterday in the hollow part of the ground between Round Tower and Redan.
June 3. Yesterday evening, increased movements of troops and men about Sebastopol, and of mounted officers with them. It is probable they may have got some information from the deserter from the trenches which may have induced them to make some changes.
June 4. A new mortar battery of the enemy opened from below the most southern fort on Mount Sapone.
A very large convoy of waggons arrived at Fort Severnaia yesterday.
A working party of about 250 men were at the Burial Ground.
June 5. 300 arabas and carts arrived yesterday at the North Fort.
The enemy was firing this morning from the Mainelon, but a large flight of shells from Coehorns having been thrown into the Mamelon the firing ceased.
June 6 . Yesterday 159 carts went out laden from the North Fort.
A sort of retrenchment has been made in the Mamelon.
Heavy shot from the Malakoff were thrown over parts of the Light Division camp.
The Russians have established a new rifle pit on the slope of the hill in front of our Left attack.
June 7 . A camp was formed yesterday near Fort Severnaia.
The steamer, which had not moved during the whole day, came out towards evening, laden half way up the funnel, apparently with stores, crossing over to the north side.
This morning a large number of waggons laden are leaving for the eastward.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
June 1 . Par. No. 3. Some instances of failure in sandbag and gabion revetments having occurred, the Major-General requests that more attention be paid in forming the necessary slope, as laid down in par. No. 8. of Brigade Orders, No. 1. of 27th April last.
June 4. Tentes d’abri will be issued to the troops in the trenches ; the corps in whose charge they are placed will be held responsible for them.
E. F. Bourciiier,
Brigade Major, R.E.
June 7. Par. No. 1. It being not only desirable but necessary that the officers of Royal Engineers on duty in the trenches should be easily recognized by the troops, particularly during active operations, the Major-General requests that they will adhere to the regulations for dress laid down for the corps.
A T ote .—The period for attacking the Mamelon being near at hand, General Jones considers it his duty to request the attention of the commanders of the two armies to the state of affairs as regards the siege operations.

26 7
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol,
1st June 1855.
Referring to the note made by the generals commanding-in-chief, dated the 15th April last, paragraph 4, it is there stated, that—
They would consider what should be done in regard to the Mamelon, as well as against the place.
The long period which has since elapsed induces the undersigned to request the attention of the Commander of the
Forces, in conjunction with the General Commanding the French army, to consider the existing state of affairs as regards the siege operations.
It was understood at the date above named that the assault was then postponed to afford time for the arrival of the French “ corps d’armee ” which was then at Constantinople, by which the place might be invested.
That corps has now been here some time, and no movement has been made for investing the place. In presence of
such a large army as is now assembled here the enemy has the same free communication with the country as he has always had.
Since the advance to the Tchernaya, the enemy has been observed extremely active in bringing in large convoys of loaded waggons, large quantities of gabions, &c., his working parties have been strong and numerous, in repairing and strengthening his works; all this to the disadvantage of the besiegers.
The proximity of the trenches to the works of the place both in the French and English attacks renders it highly important that something decisive should be done. In the position in which both armies are placed a daily loss takes place by killed and wounded; and, moreover, the great heat, which is daily increasing, makes it very desirable that the troops should be relieved as soon as possible from the duties of the trenches, which even now from that cause are almost unbearable, or otherwise the army will be visited with great sickness.
The English batteries have been ready to open for some time past, and it is very desirable that some movement should be made of a decisive character.
At the conference on the 23d April last the general officers there assembled gave their opinion, paragraph 4, as follows :—
“The members consider that it is indispensable either to assault or to attack the positions of the enemy without delay.” Every day adds to the force and importance of this opinion. Advantage should be taken of the late success at Kertch to improve our positions in this neighbourhood. The ground occupied by the enemy at Inkermann is not strongly fortified, nor held by a large body of troops ; but, on the contrary, a very small force appears stationed there; and since the allied troops halted in position upon the Tchernaya the enemy has resumed his former position on the heights opposite Tracktir and above the village of Tchergoun, and, further, has pushed forward a post to within musket shot of the advance sentries in the meadows opposite his position of Inkerman. All this is discouraging to the besieging army, and injurious, as affecting the active operations of the army about to take the field.
If time is allowed to the enemy to entrench himself in the town, and fortify every available point, the advantages expected to be derived from the injury done to him by the last attack will be lost, and the difficulties of the assault will be increased by the more formidable nature of the works to be attacked, and the final result may be doubtful.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
The Field Marshal Lord Raglan, G.C.B., Major-General,
&c. &c. &c. Comdg. Royal Engineers.
On the 2d June the French generals of the engineers had an interview with General Jones upon the subject of his Memorandum dated 1st instant. The result was communicated to the two generals-in-chief in a paper signed by Generals Niel and Jones.
General Niel to General Jones.
Before Sebastopol, 3d June 1855.
My dear General,
General Pelissier desires to have a note written of our conference of this morning. I believe I have brought forward and drawn up that on which we were agreed. If this is the case, will you sign the note, and send it to me back ? If not, alter it to your views. ’
l l 2

268
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
With regard to the signal of attack, I have added a rocket, instead of a cannon shot, because I think at that moment there would be a heavy fire on both sides, and the cannon shot intended for the signal might easily pass unobserved among the number of others.
Yours, 8tc.,
(Signed) Niel.
Memorandum .
3d June 1855.
The general officers assembled, in obedience to the orders of the General-in-Chief of the French army, to concert together on the measures to be taken for the attack,
Firstly, of the two works constructed by the Russians on the 22d and 27th of February on the spur of land near Careening Bay ;
Secondly, of the Redoubt on the Mamelon and of the Malakoff;
Thirdly, of the works of counter approach by which the enemy occupies the Quarries in advance of the Redan on which the English are advancing.
The dispositions stated below appear to the undersigned necessary to be submitted to the approbation of the allied generals.
1st. The principal batteries of the English and French attacks will open their fire against the place at day-break, one or two days before the day which shall have been fixed for the attack. This fire will be maintained with all possible vigour against the works to be attacked, and against such parts of the enceinte which may be necessary to disable or might thus delude the enemy. The fire will be continued during the night, but rather slackened until the morning of the next day, when it will renew all its vigour. The English batteries will direct the fire of their guns and mortars principally on the Mamelon, on the Malakoff Tower, and on the Redan. At the moment of assault the fire will be maintained with the greatest possible energy, and as soon as the French columns shall have taken the Mamelon the fire will be directed on the Malakoff Tower, and, in the case of a sortie, on the neck of ground which separates the Malakoff from the Mamelon.
If it is possible to alter the direction of the cheeks of some embrasures, to obtain the latter result, which is very important, this work will be commenced without delay.
2d. All the arrangements in detail relating to the occupation of the Quarries will be taken by the English army, who will be ready to sustain its columns of attack, if they have to advance on the Redan, in the event of the French army having penetrated on their side into the place.
As the taking of the Mamelon ought to exercise a great influence on the resistance which the counter approaches of the Russians will present, it is agreed that the attack of the Quarries in front of the Redan will not be ordered until the French columns shall be ready to take the Mamelon redoubt.
3d. The most convenient hour for the attack is that which permits of fighting by day and working by night. As the struggle for the capture of the Quarries ought not to be very long, there will be sufficient light at this point in attacking at 6 p.m.
4th. Independently of the hour fixed in advance, at which every one will be ready to act, it appears indispensable that a simultaneous impulse should be given to all the attacks, so that each should take place at the most opportune moment. The Redoubt Victoria is a central raised point. It could be agreed on, for example, that a cannon shot and a rocket fired from this point would indicate the attack of the works near Careening Bay ; a second cannon shot and two rockets, the attack of the Mamelon ; and a third cannon shot and three rockets, that of the Quarries.
It is probable that two days will be necessary for the English to complete their establishment in the Russian works of the Quarries in front of the Redan, and six days to advance so as to construct a place-of- arms from which the troops intended for the assault will issue. It will be necessary to reckon on eight or ten days after taking possession of the works exterior to the enceinte of the lvarabelnaia, and it will then be necessary to give the assault simultaneously to the central bastion, Bastion du Mat, to the Redan, and perhaps to the Malakoff Tower, if the battery which the French propose to construct on the Mamelon and the

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
269
approaches which will have been pushed in advance of this point will permit an attack to be attempted on this part of the enceinte of the suburb.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
General of Division, Aide-de-Camp to the Emperor, Commanding Royal Engineers.
Commanding Engineer of the French army,
(Signed) Niel.
On the 5th June a conference took place at General Pelissicr’s Head Quarters.
Present :
'General Pelissier,
General De Martimpre,
General Bosquet,
General Thiry,
French -<J General Le Boeef,
General Beuret,
General Niel,
General Dalesmes,
-General Froissard, r Colonel D acres,
English -v Lieut.-Colonel Auye,
^j> Artilleiy, j-Engineers.
''General Jones
| Artillery,
- Engineers.
The details for the assault of the enemy’s works were fully discussed and approved ; General Pelissier to settle with Lord Raglan the period and time of day for opening the batteries.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer. june $ 6. The batteries opened their fire at 3 P.M., and before sunset had done good
service. The fire from Mamelon and Malakoff very slack ; the Redan very much knocked about.
No. 9 battery, Right attack, suffered most, the enemy having directed a very heavy body of fire upon it. Few casualties, considering the very heavy fire which has been pounding into the batteries and trenches. The precision and accuracy of the enemy’s fire was very remarkable. Our batteries have stood particularly well, and little damage has been done to them.
Memorandum.
By Order of Field Marshal the Lord Raglan, G.C.B., Commander of the Forces.
Head Quarters, 7th June 1855.
The attention of the general officer of the trenches, Right attack, will be required throughout the night to keep a sharp look-out upon the movements of the enemy, and if any attempt at a sortie, great or small, should be made, it must be opposed with resolution, and driven back with vigour ; the troops so employed not to push on beyond that point which the general officer may consider the turning point as regards the safety of the trenches. His attention will be more particularly required, upon his right flank, to the ravine which separates bis Right from the French Left, and such guns as can bear upon those points where lie may consider the enemy likely to attack should be in readiness to open fire when required. He is to give every support to

27 0
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
the French troops on his immediate right that the strength of his own will permit, bearing in mind that on the protection and safety of the French on his immediate right will depend the safety of the trenches .entrusted to his charge. He must keep a good look-out upon the Woronzoff Road.
(Signed) J. Simpson,
Chief of the Staff.
Immediately upon its being decided to attack the Quarries, the necessary orders were issued by the Field Marshal, who directed the generals commanding the Light and the Second divisions, whose divisions were to be employed, to attend at head quarters, as also the general commanding the engineers, to arrange and decide upon the details necessary to insure a successful result.
On the morning of the 7th, at daybreak, all the batteries re-opened their fire, and continued throughout the day, with very great success; the enemy’s works were very much damaged ; his fire very slack; the Mamelon might be said to be silenced.
At 6 P.it. the signal for the assault was given. The Quarries, Mamelon, and “ Ouvrages Blancs ” were carried in a very gallant manner ; and, after some determined and ineffectual attempts by the Russians to recover them, and dislodge the occupants, the French remained master of the Mamelon and Ouvrages Blancs, the English of the Quarries, in which they formed a lodgment. The enemy made several vigorous attacks upon them during the night. Tolerable cover was obtained before daylight.
The loss in this operation was very considerable.
The troops employed in storming the Quarries were composed of detachments fromthe Light and Second divisions, supported by the G2d Regiment.
The command of these troops was entrusted to Colonel Shirley of the 88tli, acting as general officer in the trenches. He was assisted by Lieut.-Colonel Tylden of the Royal Engineers in the arrangements, and guided by him as to the points of attack and distribution of the troops in the assault.
The mode in which Colonel Shirley conducted this arduous service, and carried out the orders he had received, entitles him to the greatest credit.
Lieut.-Colonel Tylden of the Royal Engineers distinguished himself particularly on this occasion, as well as on every other, from the commencement of the siege; always at hand to aid in the repulse of the enemy whenever our works have been attacked.
Captain Browne and Lieut. Elphinstone, Royal Engineers, particularly distinguished themselves by their gallantry and zeal, as also Lieut. Anderson, acting engineer, who was wounded. Lieut. Lowry, Royal Engineers, who led the column of assault, was killed. This officer was reported by Lieut.-Colonel Tylden to have performed his duty in the most gallant and conspicuous manner. The Sappers and Miners were conspicuous, and by their gallantry and zeal obtained for themselves strong marks of approbation from his Lordship the Field Marshal Commanding.
The Royal Artillery and Naval Brigade performed their laborious duties in a manner most creditable to these two branches of the service. The fire from all the batteries was excellent.
The two armies are now in a favourable position for carrying on ulterior operations. The Russians may be said to be confined to their exterior line of works, having withdrawn their men from the rifle-pits and trenches between the Redan and Mamelon.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
271
From Lieut.-Colonel Tylden to Major-General Jones, Commg. R.E.
Sir, Right Attack, 8th June 1855.
The enemy’s “ ambuscade ” known as tlie Quarries, and the adjoining trenches in front of the left of the Right attack, were stormed and carried yesterday evening about 7 p.m., by a party of 400 men from the Light and Second divisions.
A good lodgment has been formed on our right of the Quarries, and the communication thereto from the left advanced sup has been made good.
Our troops are at present in occupation of the Quarry lodgment covering their left, extending from thence to the right along the reverse of the enemy’s trench to his salient rifle-pit c at the centre. The whole of these works of the enemy have been appropriated for our own use.
The enemy’s resistance was energetic and determined, evinced not only in his defence of the Quarries, but in the repeated efforts he made during the night to retake his trenches, by turning their right, as well as by direct attacks.
A reserve of 600 men formed the immediate support of the assaulting party, and a working party of S00 men, detailed for the forming of the lodgment, communications, &c.., were divided into four different parties, each for a special part of the work.
Three of these parties I brought formed in readiness to commence work directly the enemy’s trenches were taken; but such was the vigour of the enemy’s resistance, and his numbers, that the assaulting party and their reserve were insufficient to hold the captured trenches, and I quite concurred in the necessity of those portions of the working party who were armed being appropriated for this purpose.
The last portion, 250 men, I kept in reserve in the right ravine communication, notwithstanding that their services were more than once urgently required as an armed party in front ; and as soon as the advance had been reinforced and regularly posted, I brought this party forward, and witli them made the lodgment and communication.
The former was effected under the immediate direction of Lieut. Elphinstone, R.E. ; and when the darkness of the night and critical circumstances under which the lodgment had to be made are considered, I think that this officer deserves the highest praise for the creditable manner in which he executed this service. I was glad to be able to assist Colonel Shirley, who commanded the troops, in posting them in the front, and in the orderly occupation by the reserve of the enemy’s trenches. The execution of the arrangements as regarded the working parties, as well as the general superintendence of the work, is due to Capt. Browne, R.E., who was the officer of engineers in charge, and who executed these services to my perfect satisfaction.
Captain Browne speaks in high terms of the conduct of Captain Wolseley, 90th Regiment, assisting engineer, who was employed in forming the communication to the lodgment.
Lieut. Anderson, 96th Regiment, assisting engineer, who is a zealous and intelligent officer, was unfortunately hurt early in the night.
We have unhappily to regret the loss of Lieut. Lowry, R.E., an officer wdiose gallantry and untiring zeal, added to the experience he possessed from many months’ service in tlie siege, adds another instance to recent losses in the corps which we cannot easily replace nor sustain without the deepest concern.
Lieut, Lowry was the officer who conducted the storming party, -which service he performed in the most gallant and conspicuous manner, and was subsequently killed by a casual shot. The general casualties are heavy. I enclose a list of the Royal Sappers and Miners wounded, also a sketeli of the lodgment.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Rd. Tylden, Lieut-Col. R.E.,
Director Right Attack.
i

272
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Won king Pabty.
I,hip .... 150 men.
Sappers ... .18 „
Officer on doty Lieut. Graham, R.E.
Repairing live embrasures in No. 4 battery, three in No. 10., four in No. 11, and one merlon in No. 9 battery. Embrasures in Nos. 10 and 11 batteries ready for action at 6 a.m., and in No. 4 battery at 8 a. it., when the artillery took them over. One Sapper (Corporal Fraser, 11th Company,) was killed and one Sapper wounded whilst repairing embrasures in No. 10. battery.
One gun was disabled in No. 6. battery. Firing of Russians was from Town battery, Barrack battery, and from two guns in flank of Redan. Garden batteries fired towards the evening.
Parties of the Sappers and of the Line were employed blasting in the fourth parallel and communications. Nos. 7 and 8 batteries not in action.
18S5.
June 8, Say.
« A.M. to (i T'.H.
Right Attack.
1855.
June 8, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
8 a.m. to 12 noon. 12 noon to 4 p.m. 4 P.M. to 8 P.M.
Working Party.
("1st relief, 24 men.
' 2d relief, 52 „
12d relief, 52 „
1 4th relief, 52 „ Officer on duty Lieut. Fisher, R.E.
Sappers .
1st Relief.
Repairing embrasures in different batteries, one brigade of Sappers ; filling sandbags used in improving cover in quarry, two Sappers ; deepening communication o to quarries, five Sappers ; sentry, one Sapper.
2d Relief.
Improving cover in Quarries, half brigade of Sappers ; deepening communication o to Quarries, half brigade of Sappers; repairing embrasures to different batteries, four brigades of Sappers, two brigades of carpenters ; sentries, half brigade of Sappers.
3d Relief.
Repairing and strengthening parapet in Quarries, one brigade of Sappers ; deepening communication <> to Quarries, one brigade of Sappers ; repairing embrasures, three brigades of Sappers, two brigades of carpenters ; sentries, half brigade of Sappers.
Woikino Party.
June 8, Night. ],i„ P .... 40ft men.
8 P.M. to 21 A.M. Sappers . . . 35 „
Officer on ditty Capt. Abhit, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
1(K) men, No. 4. battery.
100
No. 11.
65
No. 10.
50
?>
No. 1.
30
No. 6.
V
30
No. 8.
>«
25
No. 7.
4th Relief.
Working party distributed as in 3d relief.
The firing was very heavy on the Quarries during the 1st relief, occasioning many casualties among the guard of the trenches, until the cover was improved, and our batteries had partially silenced those of the enemy which played upon that portion of our works. By 12 noon the enemy’s 4-gun battery was silenced ; the Redan fired only two guns slowly ; the Malakotf fired only four guns. The enemy’s riflemen were driven from their position in the front of our new advanced right trench. No working party from the Line could be obtained, the troops being exhausted by the previous night’s work.
June 8, Night. |
8 r.M. to 4 A.M. !
The working parties were employed as follows :—
150 men from 8.30 to 2.30.
60 men from 10 to 2.30.
250 men from 2 to 2.45 and from 3.30 to 4.
One brigade of Sappers, one brigade of carpenters, 50 men of the Line, 150 men, were employed in general repairs of embrasures, parapets, traverses, &c. in the batteries and approaches ; three quarters of a

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
2/3
Left Attack.
All repairing batteries, which now are in a lit state lor firing.
An alarm oil our left front about 11 o’clock. Enemy retired.
A short time before 1 o’clock heard musketry lire for a few minutes at the Quarries on our right.
Kilt'd, 2 lank and (He. Wounded, 20 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) E. by N.
Right Attack.
brigade of Sappers and 85 men of the same party were employed in extending the lodgment in the Quarries ; and half brigade of Sappers and the remaining 15 men fitting and fixing chevaux-de-frise ; three quarters of a brigade of Sappers and the other parties of the Line, at the times above stated, converting Russian parallel into a trench.
The special working party of 250 men from the Left attack not having arrived at 8.30, I telegraphed, according to your directions, to General Jones. At 9.30 having heard nothing, I telegraphed to you, and applied at the same time to the general of the trenches, who, however, could not spare me 60 men (out of 300), and by his directions I telegraphed to General Codrington. At 2 o’clock the party of 250 men arrived, and I immediately posted them to work. At 2.45 the field officer of the working party fell the men in, and marched them away, as day was beginning to break. I again represented to the general of the trenches, who ordered the men back, but it was half past three before I could get them to work again.
The 400 men working party were made up of 250 from one division, 150 from another.
The 150 went, and all was right with them; the 250 missed.
There liad been changes in the duties ordered, and the division did not understand the last order.
(Signed) J. B. B. E.,
A.G.
These delays are the more to be regretted as we were quite unmolested during the whole night, and might have done a great deal of work.
A few shells were thrown at the Quarries from the direction of the Garden and Flagstaff batteries, but I am not aware of any casualties. The lodgment in the Quarries is defensible, and I am of opinion there is sufficient cover in the Russian parallel for men to work during the day, and the officer who relieved me, Lieut. Elpliinstone, R.E., has now the party from the 4th division working there. The enemy were heard working during the night, but I believe it only to have been repairing damages in the Redan.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Naval Brigade
Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 1 officer, 8 seamen.
M 51

27 4
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
Tune 9, Say.
34 a. it. to 74 p.m.
AVobking Pabty.
Line .... 12C men.
Sappers ... 47 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :—
Sixty men in No. 5 battery, tilling sandbags from 5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
Forty men in No. 8 battery, clearing up the battery and repairing the platform ; 10 men employed in collecting tools, &e. throughout the trenches.
The fire of the enemy during the first part of the day was directed principally on the batteries Nos. 8 and 9, which were, however, uninjured, with regard to their guns or gun-carriages. One man was struck severely in the former. At 9.30 A.M. the French blew up a mine in front of the Bastion-du-Mat (Flagstaff Battery). About this time a line-of-battle ship was hauled up close to the landing place near the head of the creek, and seemed to be disembarking stores ; a frigate also was warped in. About 11 o’clock another line-of-battle ship was hauled up, and moored at the entrance of the Creek, with her broadside to the Dockyard. The first ship, about 12 o’clock, ceased unloading, and warped out of the Creek, and was moored at the entrance. 1 noticed no effect from our fire on them.
At 12.30 noon a truce was proclaimed, which the Russians took advantage of to bring up ammunition, which they did in great quantities, so that at the expiration of the truce they opened very smartly, and seemingly from new guns.
They also threw shells after the truce, which they had scarcely done all day before. In the Redan, which before the truce had only been firing one gun, they now fired three.
I must beg to bring to your notice Private J. Sykes, 8tli Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, and Private M. Orr, 4th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, who behaved very well in clearing out the embrasures in No. 10 battery. With the exception of No. 1 gun, No. 9 battery, no guns were disabled permanently ; two or three want trucks or new carriages, which will be made good to-night. One man was killed and another wounded (by a shell in the first parallel) of the covering party, and three others wounded by shells in the fourth parallel.
Right Attack.
1855.
Tune 9, Day.
8 A.M. to 12 noon. 3 p.m. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 200 men.
* * \ 2d relief, 200 „
. , 24 men.
(C^pt. Elphinstone,
Officers on duty } LieuCSoMEEviLLE,
C R.E.
Line . . Sappers .
21-gun battery, half brigade of Sappers and 12 men employed during both reliefs in repairing embrasures, &c. Although not in good order, they were nevertheless in fair working order.
The battery sustained no particular injury during this day’s fire. Nos. 5 and 8 gun batteries, one brigade of Sappers and 18 men repairing embrasures ; the latter battery could not have been repaired the previous night, as merely two guns (out of five) opened fire this morning, owing to the had state of the embrasures ; at about 10 o’clock four guns were able to fire, communication o to the Quarries, and lodgment, half brigade of Sappers and 170 men improving cover, building loop-holes, &c. The enemy sent grape-shot at the working parties during the whole of the forenoon up to 10.30 a.m. The number of casualties in the whole of the trenches was 15.
The Russian fire from the Redan and adjacent batteries was much more severe upon our advanced batteries than it had been on the previous day ; they fired about three shots to our two. About 12.30 noon a white flag was hoisted from the Redan and Malakoff Tower for the purpose of burying the dead. I should imagine that about 400 or 500 dead bodies were handed over to them, the whole of ours could not have mustered above 80 or 100.
A little after 5 p.m. the fire recommenced from both sides.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
275
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 3-1 „
(Capt. Belson, R.E. Officers on duty < Lieut. Jones, 46 th (. Rcgt.
About 50 men were employed on the right of the fourth parallel, altering the zig-zags, and Sappers were also employed blasting the rock there; the remainder of the men, both Sappers and Line, were divided into small parties, and occupied in the repair of the different batteries, especially the embrasures.
P.S. Our vertical fire was kept up throughout the night, and also from a few guns.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 14 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) N. by E.
1855.
June 9, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
1855.
June 9, Night.
8 P.M. to I A.M.
Lins .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
Working Party.
f1st relief, 400 men.
' ■ 12d relief, 200 „
. . 24 men.
("Capt. WoLSELEY, 90tll
1 lWt.
(.Lieut. Laekaii, U.E.
I had a special working party of 400 men, 50 of whom, with half brigade of Sappers, repaired the embrasures in the 21-gun battery ; 100 men, with a brigade of Sappers, revetted all the embrasures in Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries, and cleared them from rubbish ; 50 men, with half brigade of Sappers, were employed mending, and placing in a fighting condition, the old third parallel and left advance ; the remaining 200 men, with a brigade of Sappers, were engaged in the Quarries and the communication o to them. They completed a rifle-screen overlooking the Woron- zoff Ravine on our left. At 2 a.m. the battery parties were relieved by 150 men from the guard of the trenches, and the Quarry party by 50 men. All the batteries were placed in admirable repair, and our new lodgment considerably strengthened. The Russians were found to be working outside the proper right of the Redan. Much delay was occasioned last night by a portion of the working party, consisting of 100 men of the 3d Regiment, arriving late, and coming unarmed, thereby being ineligible for any advanced work, and overthrowing the dispositions previously determined on.
Killed, 3 officers, 7 rank and file. Wounded, 29 rank and file. Naval Brigade
Wounded, 1 officer, 8 seamen.
Day very line. Wind (strong) N. by E.
June 10, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
4 P.M. to 8 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . , . Officer on duty
1st relief, 40 men.
2d relief, 60 „
66 men.
Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1st Relief.
Twenty men were sent to the Left attack park for sandbags ; 10 men working at the cave powder magazine ; 10 men assisting to repair a gun platform in No. 11 battery, destroyed by a mortar shell.
2d Relief.
Sixty men employed filling sandbags in Nos. 2 and 4 batteries.
The firing was heavy in the morning, some fresh guns having opened in the Redan, but they were sub-
June 10, Say.
9 A.M. to 12 noon. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 199 men.
12d relief, 100 28 men. f Capt. Browne, R.E. l Lieut. Graham, It.E.
Three brigades of Sappers and one of carpenters were employed in Quarry lodgment, batteries, and lean-to magazine in No. 9 battery. At 9 o’clock I got a working party of 50 men from the guard of the trenches, 25 of whom I placed in the 21-gun battery, and 25 in Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries, for repair of embrasures ; I also brought another party, at the same time, of 50 men, to improve the Quarry lodgment, but was obliged to withdraw them, as the enemy opened a very heavy and accurate fire on us from a mortar and one gun, both from the battery on right of Tower.
m m 2

276
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Lfft Attack.
Right Attack.
clued by about 10 o’clock, and did not fire more than two or three rounds after. The fire from the batteries in rear of the lledan was also much subdued.
The fire from the Garden batteries, both upper and lower, was heavy, none of it being taken off by the I French, for they hardly fired a shot. No. 11 battery suffered severely from this fire. Two men were also killed and four wounded in this battery by an accident, a man conveying powder having let it fall on a lighted portfire which another man was holding. The Sappers were blasting, repairing platforms, and keeping the embrasures in repair. The casualties were, four men killed, and eight men wounded ; one Sapper being wounded. I was on duty from 3 a.m. till 8 r.M.
1855.
Jane lO, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Batteries Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, Picquet-housc 8, 9, 10, 11, were repaired with sandbags, one embrasure of No. 11 being revetted with iron hurdles. Mortar battery No. 3, between Nos. 3 and 4 battery, was about half repaired, and No. 1 platform of the same battery relaid ; platform No. 6 of No. 4 battery was also relaid. No. 2 embrasure of No. 14 battery was altered so as to allow the gun to be brought to bear on the ground between the Quarries and the Redan.
The approach K from No. 4 boynu to No. 14 battery was continued, and also the magazine at No. 7 battery.
The Left attack was quiet during the night, and there were no casualties. Slight firing, principally musketry, was observed on the right, at the Quarries, at about 10.15 a.m., 10th, and a heavy firing, musketry at first, afterwards artillery.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, fl rank and file.
« ORKING rARTV.
Line .... 3i>0 men.
Sappers ... 26 „
fCapt. Jesse, R.E.
Officers on duty 4 Major Chapman, 20th (_ Rcjirt.
The mortar is the one which has been playing on us for some months, and known as “ Whistling Dick.” I was able to work one and a half brigades of Sappers in the lodgment, improving cover, making banquettes and loop-holes ; from 3 to 4 o’clock, 50 men were employed in batteries, and I also worked 30 in the lodgment in Quarry, thickening parapets. Over 50 casualties occurred in and about the Quarries during the day. This number was reported to me by field officer commanding. Heavy firing on both sides all day, principally from Malakoff Tower, and low batteries on its right. One Sapper, Private Lang, 9tli Company, was dangerously wounded by a shell, which fell on him, and carried away his arm.
The artillery appear to be very short of shells. Left attack kept up a constant fire.
X855.
June lO, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 284 men.
Sappers ... 44 „
('Lieut. James, R.E.
Officers on duty < Major Campbell, 46th (. Regt.
21-gun battery, to revet embrasures, and make general repairs, one brigade of Sappers and 30 men. The whole of the embrasures required are rendered serviceable. More earth placed over magazine in rear of No. 19 gun.
Nos. 13, 14, and 9 batteries, revetting embrasures, &c., one brigade of Sappers and 66 men. The party commenced in No. 13, and worked from left to right. The embrasures in No. 13 and 14 completed, and those in No. 9 rendered serviceable, as far as required. Carpenters employed in new magazine, right of No. 9 battery. Lodgment traced, and commenced in front of Quarry.
One hundred and eighty gabions in extent, portion on right, about 30 gabions in straight line, and directed clear of salient of Redan, and passing through gap made in abattis by round shot yesterday. The working party worked admirably, the whole of the gabions were filled, nnd along the left cover enough obtained to work by day. No opposition whatever was offered by the enemy to the progress of the work. I told oft' 112 men of the 19th Regiment for this duty at first, and saw them marched off from the 21-gun battery, but by some unaccountable mistake, which the officer in command of the party of the 19th Regiment has promised to investigate for me this morning, only 78 of the number were to be found at the work. I there-

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
■2 77
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
June ll( Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 p.m.
Working Pastt.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Office/' on duty
1st reliof, 200 mc*n.
2d relief, 2W „
63 men.
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
1st Relief.
Fifty men were employed in the communications g, li, between second and third parallels (on the right), completing cover; 40 Sappers employed
blasting in the fourth parallel ; one Sapper and 10 men repairing embrasures, No. 11 battery ; one Sapper and 10 men repairing traverse in No. 9 battery ; one Sapper and 10 men filling sandbags for repairs, No. 10 battery ; two Sappers and 50 men, No. 14 battery, wheeling earth, excavating, and thickening parapet; two Sappers and 40 men in No. 13, increasing cover, and building traverse in front of magazine, and rebuilding end of traverse.
2d Relief.
Two Sappers and 50 men preparing ground on left of No. 8 battery for sea-service mortar; two Sappers and 50 men at No. 14, wheeling earth and thickening parapet ; two Sappers and 50 men building banquette, second parallel; one Sapper and 10 men repairing No. 1 magazine, first parallel ; 20 men employed collecting powder barrels, kc. for revetment. The
fore added to them 94 men of the Light Division, whom I had intended for other purposes. One and a half brigade of Sappers, and 172 men, new communication into Quarry, half brigade of Sappers and Hi men, deepening the trench near the south end ; carpenters, one brigade, with 10 men, at magazine right of No. 9 battery, one brigade raising and relaying mortar platform, No. 7 battery, one brigade fixing bollards at No. 16 gun, 21-gun battery, and repairing magazine of Left mortar battery. 21-gun battery, the sandbags and frames are slightly out of place, the frames not sufficiently so to render alterations necessary. I ordered the outside sandbags to be taken down and replaced, and a buttress of sandbags built to support the face. Very quiet night ; one or two false alarms. Heard the enemy working very hard in the Redan. No casualties in the working party. 1 observed a fire of some extent in rear of our left of the Malakoff Tower works, from about 8 until 9 r.M.
Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, M rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in Ihe shade 80°.
1855.
June 11, Say.
4 A.M. tO 6 A.M.
8 p.m. to 12 noon. 12 noon to 4 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 550 men.
/Sappers ... 4u „
Officer on duty Lieut. Fisher, R.E.
1st Relief.
21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, one brigade Sappers and 50 men ; lodgment in front of Quarry, deepening trench to afford cover, one brigade of Suppers and 50 men ; Quarries, and advanced trench from the right of return, improving, half brigade of Sappers and 25 men ; communication from rifle-pit C to Quarries, deepening trench, and throwing up parapet on reverse side, one brigade of Sappers and 25 men; 8-gun battery, constructing triangular magazine, one brigade of carpenters ; Coehorn mortar battery, relaying platforms, one brigade of carpenters ; sentries, half brigade of Sappers.
2d Relief.
Lodgment in front of Quarries, half brigade of Sappers and 75 men; advanced trench leading from right of Quarries, widening trench, and improving cover, half brigade of Sappers and 25 men ; communication from Quarries and rifle-pit c, deepening communication, throwing up parapet on reverse side, half brigade of Sappers and 50 men ; advanced

278
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
enemy did not fire at all. The sea-service mortar fired on the town, which appeared more deserted than usual.
Working parties in the upper town batteries.
1855.
June 11, Night.
8 P.M. tO 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappej'S ... 34 „
Officer on duty Capt. Armit, R.E.
Twenty men repairing embrasures, Picquet-housc Battery ; 50 men improving cover from No. 4 boyau to 14 battery ; the cover is pretty fair; 20 men, No. 11 battery, revetting embrasures ; 30 men, No. 10 battery, revetting embrasures; 50 men, third parallel, clearing space for sea-service mortar; 90 men, No. 14 battery, thickening parapet for three new gun portions; 90 men improving cover in some places, but soil very bad; 50 men connecting rifle- pit f 1 with zig-zag in front of second parallel; soil very bad ; in some places perfect rock. Some cover obtained, with the use of baskets.
Two alarms occurred during the night, but the enemy did not advance.
Killed, 7 rank and file. Wounded, 11 rank and fdc.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 78°.
batteries, repairing, half brigade of Sappers and 50 men; 21 -gun battery, repairing embrasures, one brigade of Sappers and 25 men ; sentries, half brigade of Sappers ; 8-gun battery, constructing magazine, one brigade of carpenters ; Coehorn mortar battery, repairing platforms, one brigade of carpenters.
3d Relief.
Lodgment in front of Quarries, deepening trench, placing sandbags for loop-holes, and improving cover, half brigade of Sappers and 30 men.
Advanced trench to right of Quarries, improving cover, &c., half brigade of Sappers and 25 men; communication between Quarries and rifle-pit c, deepening trench, and throwing up parapet on reverse side, half brigade of Sappers and 30 men ; advanced batteries, repairing, one brigade of Sappers and 40 men; 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, one brigade of Sappers and 25 men; 8-gun battery, forming magazine, one brigade carpenters ; Coehorn mortar battery, No. 7, repairing platforms, half brigade of carpenters ; magazine in cave, building up wall with sandbags, half brigade carpenters and 20 sailors ; sentries, half brigade of Sappers.
The enemy were observed working on the Malakoff, Redan, and communication between. They did not much molest the working parties.
1855.
June 11, Nigbt.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WoEKIIfG PAETY.
Line .... 180 men.
Sappers ... to „
Officer on duty Lieut. Geaves, R.E.
Repairs to batteries, first and second parallels, two brigades of Sappers and three brigades of carpenters and 120 men of the Line; new battery, No. 17, for three guns in front of Quarries, one brigade of Sappers and 120 men of the Line ; new boyau p to the left from lodgment, 100 gabions, half brigade of Sappers and 110 men of the Line ; carrying platforms, 50 men of the Line. Nothing occurred during the night. The Russians w'ere at work, apparently, from the sounds heard, repairing the clievaux-de-frise of the Redan, but nothing could be observed.
During the night the mortar batteries of the Right and Left attacks fired shells into the Redan, but apparently, in consequence of the large bursting charge, pieces of these fell on almost every occasion within our works.
Show to General Dacres.
(Signed) R,

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
279
Left Attack.
X855.
June 12, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
8 a.m. to 12 noon. 2 P.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 422 men.
Sappers ... 45 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows:—
No. 12 battery, 20 men in the 1st and 12 men in the 3d relief, No. 10 battery, 30 men 1st and 12 men 3d relief, No. 14 battery, 60 men 1st, 2d, and 3d reliefs, preparing site for mortars in third parallel; 40 men, 1st and 2d reliefs, in trench from the caves, 10 men, 1st relief, in magazine of No. 7 battery, four men, 1st, and six men 2d relief, in third parallel, 20 men, 1 st relief, improving cover, collecting powder barrels, boxes, &c. ; 30 men, 3d relief, in new trench k to No. 14 from No. 4 boyau, 20 men, 3d relief, in No 12, a traverse was built in front of powder magazine, and the parapet repaired ; in No. 10, a platform relaid (No. 7 gun), and a small-arm ammunition magazine commoncod and completed ; in No. 14 battery, the parapet was thickened and a platform laid; No. 2 mortar platform, No. 3 battery, was relaid ; a traverse was made to magazine in No. 7 battery.
The enemy were working for some time in front of the town batteries, repairing their embrasures. No 4 battery opened on them, and they retired. About 200 carts came over the hill on the north side, and a guard of 300 men with them. I observed several large luggers towed by the men-of-war boats, leaving the ships, and landing at the entrance of the Dockyard Creek. The enemy seemed to have large carrying parties taking ammunition across the bridge during the whole day. General Dacres went over the trenches. Corporal Eastly, Royal Sappers and Miners, was slightly wounded by a stone from a blast this morning.
Right Attack.
The men employed worked in a satisfactory manner.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 19 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in the shade
87°.
1855.
June 12, Day.
8 A.M. to 12 noon 2 P.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 260 men.
(. 2d relief, 250 „
36 men.
[ Capt. DeMoleyns,R.E Capt. Wolseley, 90th Rcgt.
Sappers were employed—
One brigade, building new Quarry batteiy.
One „ repairing 21-gun battery.
One „ Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries.
Half „ Forming trench on left advance of Quarries p.
Carpenters were employed—
One brigade, repairs to platforms generally.
One „ preparing for laying platforms in Quarries.
Line were employed—
1st Relief.
100 men in Quarry battery.
30 „ in left advance p of Quarries.
30 „ communication o to Quarries.
100 „ carrying gabions from ravine to
Quarries.
2d Relief.
100 men in Quarry battery.
30 „ in left advance p to Quarries.
20 „ 21-gun battery.
50 „ carrying gabions.
50 „ filling sandbags.
The working parties worked well. The party employed in the communication o to the Quarries were obliged to be withdrawn, a good number of casualties being caused by shells from a 2-gun battery under the Garden batteries ; this battery likewise annoyed the parties in the Quarries during the forenoon. In the afternoon some of the enemy’s riflemen climbed up among the rocks on the opposite side of the Woronzoff Ravine, under the advanced trenches of the Left attack, and caused us some annoyances.
The enemy were working during the day in the proper right rear of the Redan.

280
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
June 12, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
WonKixa Pahty.
. . 401 mow.
. . 33
< Capt. Kelson, U.K. antJ (. Liout. Donnelly, R.E.
In No. 11 battery the embrasures of 2, 3, 4, and 5 •runs were revetted with iron hardies, but not completed.
In No. 10 battery, to Nos. 7, 6, 5 pins, the same was done. The trench connecting the rifle pits f in front of the second parallel overlooking the Woronzoff Road was worked at.
The communication k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery was improved ; the magazine of No. 7 battery was continued.
The parapet of the extension of the new battery, No. 14, on its right, was thickened and revetted, partly with tubs and partly with stones.
The damages done to boyaux 3, 4, 5, and 6 were repaired.
The extreme right advance trenches (s) were proceeded with, Sappers being employed blasting there, and in the communication k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery.
At about. 9 p.m. a heavy musketry and nrtillcry fire commenced in the vicinity of the Flagstaff Battery, but lasted a very short time.
Killed, 2 rank anil file. "Wounded, 13 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N. Thermometer in shade 79°.
Right Attack.
1855.
June 12, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
2 A.M. to 4 A.M.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officer) on duly
Working Party.
{ 1st relief, 400 men.
2d relief, 200 „ lid relief, 400 „
. . 48 men.
( I.ieut. Elphixstone, I R.K.
lLiout. Graham, R.E.
21-gun battery, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men, 1st relief, and half brigade and 40 men, during last relief, repairing embrasures, several of which were in very bad order, and revetting traverses and merlons ; 8-gun battery, No. 9, half brigade of Sappers and 60 men repairing all the embrasures, which they completed, rebuilding a traverse, and throwing more earth on parapet ; they likewise commenced and placed a second tier of gabions for the left epaulment, with a return of one tier ; No. 13 and 14 batteries, half brigade of Sappers and 30 men in the former, repairing two embrasures and heightening the parapet by two rows of sandbags, in the latter batteiy employed clearing the embrasures of unnecessary earth, and increasing the height of earth upon left magazine and merlon. New battery, No. 17, in Quarries, timbers for platforms were all carried down, and the sleepers of two laid. Three brigades of carpenters, one brigade of Sappers,and 150 men, 1st, and 100 men, 2d, and 100, 3d relief, employed in thickening parapet and epaul- ment and increasing the terrepleine. The parapet of the two left-hand guns is nearly thick enough. Magazine near entrance of Quarry, half brigade of Sappers and 10 men completed the excavation. A new rifle pit Q was erected last night on the edge of the cliff, so ns to sweep the ravine. There is capital cover for about a dozen men, but difficult to approach ; I was therefore obliged to commence a species of approach to enable the men to move into and from it during the daytime. It can easily be completed the next night. 10 men and one Sapper were employed at this work.
The Russians did not molest us during any portion of the night, neither did they fire upon our working party. A large body of men seemed apparently busily employed in the Redan.
Killed, 3 rank and file. "Wounded, 18 rank aud file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) W. Thermometer in the shade 79°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
281
Left Attack.
Eight Attack.
Z855.
lane 13, Say.
4 a.m. to 8 A.M.
3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Wdhsixa Party.
Line . .
Sailors . Sappers .
Officer on
fist relief, 191 men.
* * (.2d relief, 19* „
, . 2d relief, 60 „
. . 63 wen.
f Major Chapman. 20tli aut ' J 1 Regt.
1st Relief.
First parallel, two sappers and 20 men pulling down revetment to mortar battery in No. 4, and rebuilding same with empty powder barrels ; one Sapper and 14 men collecting sandbags and old stores. Second parallel, one Sapper and six men clearing drain, No. 11 battery ; two Sappers and 10 men rebuilding mortar of No. 6 gun. Third parallel, No. 7 battery, excavating for magazine, one Sapper and six men ; No. 13, one Sapper and 20 men clearing terrepleine for 8-inch mortar battery ; No. 14, two Sappers and 60 men excavating terrepleine, and thickening parapet for additional guns on right; 60 men with blasters improving cover nnd communication g h to second parallel.
2d Relief.
Employed in the same manner as first relief, with the exception of the drain in second parallel, nnd an addition of 60 sailors rebuilding revetment to grand cave magazine. One corporal, eight Sappers, relaid platforms where required ; 44 Sappers were employed blasting. I observed large working parties on the right flank of the tower (Malakoff).
The enemy appeared to annoy our workmen in the Quarries from the Flagstaff.
I requested the officers of the Royal Artillery and Royal Navy to fire, and they did so with effect.
1855.
June 13, Say.
9 A.M. to 1 P.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
I
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
360 men.
40 „
Capt. Browne R.E. Lieut. Dakeau, R.K.
Four brigades of Sappers and two of carpenters were employed in general superintendence, laying platforms, and making lean-to magazine in Quarries ; 200 men were employed, with two brigades of Sappers, in the Quarries, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m., and from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; 60 men and one brigade of Sappers at battery No. 17 for three guns ; 140 men and half brigade of Sappers improving cover in advancing flying sap on left of battery ; 40 men and half brigade of Sappers employed in Nos. 9, 14, and 13 batteries, repairing embrasures, &c. ; 20 men in 21-gun battery at same service ; 30 men collecting old gabions, &c. from batteries ; 10 men carrying stores from ravine to Quarries. •
The work was satisfactory. The 100 men ordered to be at the 8-gun battery, No. 9, at 3 o’clock, had not appeared when I was relieved at 5 o’clock. I informed the field officer of the circumstance, and that it had caused much inconvenience.
The enemy shelled the Quarries from the mortars on right of tower, as well as from a low battery under the Point Garden Battery. Though many shells entered the place, there were no casualties.
General Simpson, the field officer, should be called upon to report what caused the delay.
(S'gncd) B.
June 13, Night.
S P.M. to 3 A.M.
Line Sapper's
Working Party. . . 357 men.
Embrasures of No. 10 and 11 batteries were partially cleared out, and revetted with gabions and iron and wooden hurdles, and masked with gabions. The zig-zags between the third and fourth parallels on the right of No. 14 battery were improved, and better cover obtained.
Traverse by the latrine in fourth parallel was commenced and finished, and the approaches in the fourth parallel to the left of the latrine were improved.
Working Party.
June 13, Night. Line .... 350 men.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. Sappers ... 40 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Fisher, R.E.
The sap in front of the Quarries was extended to the right for 50 yards ; the gabions ivere filled, and partial cover obtained before daylight ; the soil in some places was bad ; one brigade of Sappers and 200 men. The battery No. 17 in the Quarries was continued, including revetment, embrasures, and clearing ground for magazine. This party was employed during the early part of the night in cutting ramps, &c., to facilitate the armament, which -was completed satisfactorily, the three guns being all
N N

282
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
The parapet of the battery in extension of No. 14 (and to the right of it) was strengthened. There was a good deal of firing during the night, principally on our side. A large building in Sebastopol, in front of the town batteries, was set fire to about 9.30 r.si., and continued in flames during the night. One man of the 38tli Regiment was wounded in the nrm whilst working at the extension of No. 14 battery.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N. Thermometer in shade 78°.
1S5S.
June 14, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.H.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men. 2d relief, 183 „
65 men.
Capt. Penn, R.A.
1st Relief.
Fifty men were employed excavating between Nos. 13 and 8 batteries, for battery, No. 13, for eight mortars ; 20 men employed thickening parapet of battery ; 20 men employed assisting miners ; 20 men revetting mortar battery on the right of No. 4 battery; seven men employed at magazine, No. 7 battery ; seven men employed at magazine, No. 14 battery ; eight men employed with carpenters, No. 9 battery ; 58 men employed to collect powder boxes, barrels, &c. Platform laid in 8-inch mortar battery.
Platform relaid, No. 2 gun, No. 9 battery. Platform relaid No. 2 gun, No. 4 battery.
2d Relief.
Fifty men employed thickening parapet of No. 14 battery ; 50 men employed at 8-incli mortar battery, extension of No. 13, as in 1st relief ; 15 men employed in No. 11 battery revetting embrasures ; 26 men revetting mortar battery on right of No. 4 battery ; six men at No. 7 magazine ; six men at magazine, No. 14 battery ; 30 men employed collecting powder boxes, barrels, &c., and all iron bands and sandbags in the different batteries.
mounted on their platforms, one brigade of Sappers and 60 men. The platforms in the battery No. 17 were also laid, one brigade carpenters. The triangular magazine in the rear slope of the Quarries was continued and nearly completed, one brigade of carpenters and 20 men. The advanced batteries were put in complete repair, and are all ready for service, half brigade of Sappers and 30 men. One brigade of Sappers and 40 men were employed in repairing and clearing the embrasures in the 21-gun battery ; they are all now in good order. The enemy worked hard all night in the Redan, and did not interrupt our work. They appeared, from sounds heard, to be revetting, and mounting guns. A large house was burning all night to our left of the Redan.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N. Thermometer in the shade 78°.
1855.
June 14, Bay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . [
Sappers . . . Officers on duty (
1st relief, 180 men.
2d relief, 250 „
44 men.
Lieut. James, R.E. Lieut. Somerville, R.E.
1st Relief.
New advances, front of Quarries, thickening parapet, and improving cover, making banquettes and sandbag loopholes; not able to work in the part commenced last night; one brigade of Sappers and 100 men. No. 16 battery and magazine, working party thickening parapet, epaulment, and traverse, carpenters completing platforms and building magazine, one brigade of Sappers and two brigades of carpenters, and 50men; carrying engineer stores from middle ravine to depot on right of 21-gun battery, and to the front on the left, two Sappers and 30 men ; repairing embrasures, platforms, &c. in 21-gun battery, one brigade of Sappers, one brigade of carpenters ; repairing embrasures, &c. in advanced batteries, one brigade of Sappers.
2d Relief.
New advances, front of Quarries, party employed as in 1st relief.
No. 16 battery, same working party as in 1st relief. The carpenters employed, 2d relief, in excavating for and building up triangular magazine in rear of epaulment on left of battery ; carrying engineer stores from middle ravine to depot on right of 21-gun

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
283
Left Attack.
Eight Attack.
battery, and to the front on the left. Same working party as 1st relief.
During the day the following stores were brought down :—
; , i , To the 21-gun battery :
50 picks, 50 shovels, 15 bales sandbags, 6 bundles pickets.
■ I .. - To the Left advance in rear of Quarries :
32 gabions.
Repairing embrasures, platforms, &c. in 21-gun battery, same working party as 1st relief. During the day, Nos. 7, 9, 15, 17, and 18 embrasures repaired ; No. 7 battery, running-up bolt fixed ; No. 19 platform, planking taken up and refixed ; 30 men employed filling sandbags, filled 900; repairing embrasures, &c. in advanced batteries, same working party of Sappers as 1st relief, and 30 men of the Line. During the day, No. 3 embrasure, No. 14 battery, repaired ; No. 2 embrasure, No. 9 battery, revetted, and given more splay ; No. 2 embrasure, No. 14 battery, repaired. The working party filled 900 sandbags.
1855.
June 14, Night.
81 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOBKING PABTY.
Line .... 341 tnon.
Sappers ... 36 „
Office,- on duty { SSSr
The embrasures in Nos. 10 and 11 batteries were revetted with hurdles and gabions, nearly completed ; about 100 yards of cover was improved in first zigzag s from third to fourth parallel on right, and part of fourth parallel on left improved ; 43 feet of stone revetment was built to No. 14 batteiy, and parapet thickened with earth.
Cover was improved in trench k from No. 4 boyau to 14 battery. There appeared a fire in the town, which lasted the whole night ; and a fire broke out in rear of the Garden batteries at the left of this, about 11.30 i'.m., and lasted about half an hour. I observed nothing else particular.
Killed. 2 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 84 degrees.
WOEKIXO PABTY.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 40 „
Capt. De Moletos,
Officers on duty ( C apt' Wolseley, 90th t flegt.
The Sappers were employed :—
One brigade, repair of traverses, Nos. 3, 4, and 5 batteries.
One „ building No. 17 battery.
One „ forming advanced sap.
One „ improving trench leading to Quarries.
The carpenters were employed :—
One brigade, building magazine, No. 17 battery. One „ general repairs.
The Line were employed :—
150 men in No. 17 battery.
100 men in advanced sap.
40 men, repairs to Nos. 3, 4, and 5 batteries.
30 men, communication to Quarries.
30 men excavating for magazine in rear of Quarries.
20 men widening entrance into Quarries.
20 men filling sandbags.
10 men removing tools to the front.
N N 2
1855.
June 14, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

284
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Rioiit Attack.
The working parties worked well, but were annoyed by shells from the Garden batteries, and grape and canister from the salient gun in the Redan, which caused about ten casualties, principally in No. 17 battery.
The enemy were heard working through the night inside the Redan.
Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 84 degrees.
Reports from the Look-out Station.
lass.
June 8. About 7 companies marched from the Post House this morning for the town.
The French have possession of Mamelon, the twb nearest Sapone forts, but not that nearest the harbour, near which dead bodies are seen. Many dead are lying between the Malakoff and Mamelon, up to the edge of the ditch of the Malakoff.
Tune 9. About 200 carts in the course of yesterday went out laden for the eastward, and about 200 came in.
A line of battle ship was towed into the Dockyard Creek, apparently guns on lower deck, starboard side ; subsequently a frigate was also towed into the Creek.
A long line of empty carts came yesterday to the heap of stones under Fort Severnaia.
The two-decked ship was towed out of the Creek, and anchored in rear of Fort Paul ; a large junk was occupied near the line of battle ship, supposed to be laying down an anchor for springs for the ship’s broadside.
The guns from the top of Fort Paul were lowered down by a gin.
June 11. One hundred and thirty waggons and carts laden quitted the north side yesterday for the
eastward ; about 60 arrived with gabions.
Barges and steamers heavily laden crossed from the town to the north side. 2,000 troops with their baggage left for eastward.
About 60 laden covered ammunition waggons arrived.
Last evening a large body of men were seen marching up to the Redan, and about the same number this morning, supposed to be a relief to the evening’s party.
One hundred men were seen dragging up a heavy gun to the position of Inkerman. The three-decker was hit by a Lancaster shell.
A considerable number of carts and waggons and a large -working party were at the Burial Ground.
The line of battle ship appeared to have cables out head and stern.
June 12. A great many gabions were brought up the road to the Redan yesterday evening.
Men at work at the 6-gun battery in front of the large barracks.
Several barge loads of gabions were brought over from the north shore, and many returned loaded.
June 13. About 350 carts and arabas left yesterday for the eastward, and about 200 ax-rived laden, of
which 150 with gabions.
Troops were bringing gabions and large pieces of timber up to the Redan during the day.
Barges heavily laden were going across to the north side.
A sort of hulk, of the size of about 300 tons, was towed behind the tliree-decked ship ; she had apparently large ports in her side ; six or seven. A small raft or lighter, with two guns, apparently placed for firing, was seen just clear of the bow of the two-decker.
A good deal of firing in the afternoon from the Russian batteries, bearing on the extreme left of the French works. i

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
285
70 arabas arrived laden, and about 40 left.
The French have made a trench in advance of the Mamelon, about 400 yards from the Careening Creek Battery.
The Russians still work at the batteries in front of the large barracks.
1855.
June 18 . One hundred and eighty-one waggons with gabions arrived yesterday. At daylight there was a fire in the town to the proper right of the Redan, which was soon extinguished after the roof fell in.
A large barge has apparently been used to fill the two-decker with ballast. It is thrown into the lower deck ports by baskets.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the shade 80°.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
June 8. Par. No. 1.—The Major-General Commanding, having received reports of the distinguished
conduct of the under-mentioned non-commissioned officers and men of the Royal Sappers and Miners, has had much pleasure in communicating them to his Lordship the Field Marshal, who has been pleased to award each of the non-commissioned officers and privates therein named a gratuity of two pounds each ; viz.:
Corporal Manton, 10th Company.
2d Corporal S. Cole, 2d Company.
Lance Corporal Simpson, 9th Company.
Private M‘Caugliy, 10th Company.
June 9 . The Major-General Commanding requests, that whenever any works are captured from the
enemy he may be furnished with a rough plan and report (showing whether anything particularly worthy of notice was observable in them) by the officer of engineers engaged in the operations. Captain Browne, R.E., will send in a hand sketch and report of the Quarries, stating whether any attempt was made by the enemy to blow up any portions, or any concealed arrangements for springing small detached charges of powder noticed ; and Lieut. Graves, R.E., a plan and section of the “ Mamelon,” with an explanatory report.
June 13. Par. No. 1. Captain Kennedy, Royal Navy, having made a special report, through Lieut. Donnelly, R.E., of the distinguished conduct of Private M'Nully, 8tli Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, in the trenches, on 12th instant, the Major-General has had much gratification in bringing the name of this soldier under the notice of the Field Marshal Commanding, who has been pleased to award him a gratuity of one sovereign as a mark of his approval.
Par. No. 2.—The Major-General regrets being again obliged to call the attention of officers to the practice, which has been repeatedly forbidden, of designating batteries in their morning reports by the number of guns they contain, instead of the numbers appropriated to the batteries themselves, which being duly notified in Brigade Orders are to be strictly adhered to.
E. F. Bourchier.
Brigade Major R.E.
Memorandum. ,
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 9th June 1855.
The state of the siege operations consequent upon the present attack may be summed up in a few words :— Enemy’s fire opposite the English and French attacks nearly subdued, the works very much damaged ; successful attacks upon the enemy’s advanced works, with a great expenditure of men and ammunition on our part.
Having arrived at this point, it becomes necessary to determine what shall be the onward course to be pursued ; to stop or delay will be to risk the capture of the place. No new plan of operations is required ; solely the time when a move in advance shall be made.

286
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
It is presumed that a heavy fire will be expected on the Bastion-du-Mat and Garden batteries before an
assault cau take place ; it is therefore most important to know how long it will be before the general-in-chief
commanding the French army considers he will be prepared to do so, in order that the fire of the English batteries may be regulated in conformity thereto.
If any considerable time shall be permitted to elapse before going forward, and making the lodgment on the exterior works, the enemy will profit by the interval to repair his works, and re-establish his batteries, and the allied army will have expended its ammunition with very little advantage as regards the capture of the place.
The flanking fire from the Lower Garden Battery annoys the troops posted in the lodgment upon the Quarries ; many casualties are occasioned by it. Everything considered makes it extremely desirable to push on, and endeavour to bring to a successful termination this long protracted seige.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Field Marshal the Lord Raglan, &c. &e. &c.
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 10th June 1855.
A conference took place this day at the hut of Major-General Harry D. Jones.
Present,
General Le Boeuf, > Artillery, General Beuret, J General Nif.l,
General Dalesmes, > Engineers. General Fkoissakd, J
French
Brigadier-General Dacrf.s, Lieut.-Colonel Adye,
English
Major-General Harry D. Jones, Engineers.
\
The subjects brought under consideration were those originating in General Jones’s memorandum of the
9th instant as to the future progress of the siege.
The memorandum in extenso was read. The opinions of the meeting, after full discussion, were prepared iu duplicate, to be transmitted to generals commanding-in-chief of the allied armies, and signed by the heads of the artillery and engineer services, dated 10th instant.
The opinions are contained in the annexed paper.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Field Marshal the Lord Raglan, &c. & c. &e.
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Conference between the General Officers commanding the Artillery and Engineers of the Allied Armies.
The undersigned general officers having assembled in accordance to the orders of the generals-in-chief of the allied armies, to consider the course to be followed in the future operations of the siege, they propose unanimously the adoption of the following measures :—
1. The construction of the batteries undertaken by the French artillery iu the attacks of the town and Karabelnaia suburb shall be proceeded with as fast as possible.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
287
It may be supposed that all these batteries, and especially those in construction in the White Works and on the Mamelon of the Malakoff, will he finished in three days, viz., the 13th or 14th June.
2. The fire of all the French and English batteries will be opened on the 13th or 14th June against the place, without waiting the completion of those batteries in construction, which would not be then finished.
Previous to this general opening of fire, they will fire on the Russian works and on the points of assembly, for the object of preventing the enemy repairing his batteries and increasing his defences.
3. After 48 hours of firing, loth or 16th June, the general assault shall be given to the town and the Karabelnaia suburb.
The undersigned think that the assault should bo given at five or six o’clock in the morning. The troops would be able to be assembled during the night, without being seen. The artillery will have two hours firing to destroy the repairs made during the night by the enemy, and to fire on those places where he generally assembles, and, lastly, the whole day will be available to combat.
Attack on the Town.
The assault shall be given by three columns, which shall leave the trenches successively, as it is thus explained.
1st Column.
This column will start from the place of arms on the left of the work of the 2d May, and will advance on the left face of the central bastion, and on the right face of the left lunette. Having entered into the bastion, it will divide into two portions, of which one will proceed to the right, and take possession of the batteries which flank the right face of the Bastion du Mat, and endeavour to find the Garden batteries ; the other portion will advance along the left, taking the right lunette by the gorge, and, proceeding at a double along the crenelled wall, will pass between this wall and the great battery which is in rear, to endeavour to turn this battery. This first column will be followed by a working party, which will establish a lodgment in the central bastion, and a communication between this work and that of the 2d May.
2d Column.
This column will be assembled behind the parapet of the fourth parallel, and in the third parallel. It will not leave until the first column shall have taken the central bastion, and will be able then to advance easily into the ditch of the Bastion du Mat, which it will follow almost to the bottom of the ravine. It will there enter the place, and will proceed to turn the Garden batteries by their right, and even attack them in front, while the first column will turn them. It will probably avoid the fire of these batteries, which will pass over it. A working party will follow, and will make a lodgment in the Garden batteries, a lodgment which will be joined, if it is possible, with that of the central bastion.
3d Column.
This column will be assembled in the parallel of the 23d May. As soon as it shall be observed that the first column has penetrated into the central bastion, it will pass the ravine at a double, and proceed to the breach which will be opened in the crenelled wall by the battery No. 50, from whence it will turn the great battery of the crenelled wall and the Quarantine bastion.
Attack on the Suburb.
The English columns will proceed against the Redan at the hour agreed on. They will attack its salient, at the same time as they will endeavour to penetrate into it by following the Karabelnaia ravine.

283
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
To assist this movement, and to threaten the work of the Malakoff, the French troops will occupy strongly a parallel which is about to be opened in advance of the recently occupied Mamelon, and they will despatch four companies in the Quarries which form a cover to the foot of the glacis of the Malakoff.
At the same time that the English attack the Redan, a French column, proceeding by the ravine on the right of the Mamelon, will attack the enceinte of the Karabelnaia suburb between the Malakoff Tower and the Careening Bay Redan. It will force the enceinte, and turning to the left will attack the work of the Malakoff which commands the suburb, by its gorge and interior faces, and which is most important to possess. This column will have with it a working party, who, as soon as the enceinte shall be forced, will make practicable passages, by throwing down the parapets, and filling the ditches partially ; they will then be employed in the works of the Malakoff, which should be arranged in such a manner as to be easily accessible from without, and to afford cover and shelter from the fire of the place, and against all offensive returns on the part of the enemy.
Lastly, a second column of attack will be massed in the ravine of Careening Bay, having its head near the foot of the ramp which leads from the bottom of the ravine towards the battery on the point (Bastion No. 1. of the Russians).
At the moment of the general attack, this column will mount the ramp, and will penetrate into the suburb, cither by turning the Point Battery, or by forcing the enceinte between this battery and the Careening Bay Redan. When it shall have penetrated into the enceinte, it will move to the left, so as to assist the troops which shall have penetrated between the Malakoff and Redan, and to take the Russian troops in flank who may attempt offensive returns.
All the columns of attack will be guided by officers of engineers, and will be supplied with everything thought necessary to cross or to fill up the ditches.
The first object to be attained in the assault is to occupy the central bastion, the Garden batteries, the Redan, and the work of the Malakoff. As soon as our troops shall have possessed themselves of these points, the working parties will make in them solid lodgments, and even in the event of the columns driving the enemy to the sea they will not work with less ardour to retrench themselves well in these important positions, and to join them by good communications to our trenches.
Before Sebastopol, 10th June 1855.
General of Division, commanding the Engineers of the French army. General of Division, commanding Artillery of the French army.-
(Signed) Niel.
(Signed) A. Tiiiet.
(Signed) II. D. Jones,
Commanding the Royal Engineers.
(Signed) A. G. Dacres,
Commanding the Royal Artillery.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
289
Memoran d u m —
For tlie General Officer or Field Officer on duty in the Left attack.
The strength of the pnrty stationed in the advanced or fourth parallel should consist of as many good shots as can be lodged in it with safety. The men should be placed at such distance from each other as will enable them to command a view of the enemy’s embrasures. A sharp and'steady fire from the riflemen should bo directed upon those embrasures or part of the work from whence the enemy’s riflemen maybe tiring. During the night a sharp fire should be opened upon those points where the enemy may be heard working. The duty required from the men stationed in the fourth parallel or advance is a most important one, requiring great attention on the part of the field officer who is ordered to be stationed in it.
The men should not be allowed to form in knots, but extended, as light infantry.
No musketry fire is now required from the third parallel, in which Nos. 7 and 8 batteries are situated.
The officers in charge of detachments from regiments, and which are stationed in the fourth parallel, must not be allowed to leave their men, but remain constantly with them, to point out the particular points to which the attention of their men should be directed, and to order them to commence or cease firing as may appear to them necessary, bearing in mind that one effective shot is far better than ten rounds fired in haste, aud without consideration as to distance, as is the case generally at present.
(Signed) Harry I). Jones,
Major-General.
10th June 1855.
Instructions for the Officers of Engineers.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 13th June 1855.
The officers of engineers leading columns will direct the Royal Sappers and Miners to remove any obstacles they may find in the way of the advance column, and as soon as (he covering parties have extended along the crest of the counterscarp to keep down the enemy’s fire, the party carrying bags of wool or hay will throw them into the ditch, if necessary, or else to place the ladders, one portion down the counterscarp, the other to bo raised against the escarp.
It is possible that planks with spikes in them may be found in the bottom of the ditch. In that case pieces of plunk about six or eight feet long will be good protection for the feet, by being thrown flat into the ditch before the descent is made.
As soon as the troops have ascended the escarp and got into the work, the captains of engineers of the two columns, 1 and 3, should decide on the best line for the retrenchment or lodgment, to be commenced without loss of time, as well as the opening of a communication into the ditch, with the trenches outside, bearing iu mind that an extension to the left will be necessary if the Barrack Battery shall not be evacuated.
The officers attached to columns will take care that the detachments of Royal Sappers and Miners which are to accompany them are provided with the proper tools for the duty they are likely to be called upon to perform.
The officers of engineers who trace the line for the lodgment must give it such a direction that it will not be taken in reverse by any of the batteries on the north shore of the harbour; and, if necessary, which is extremely probable, substantial traverses will require to be made.
Should there be any buildings a short distance in advance of the lodgment, it will be desirable to occupy them ns an advance post, taking care to secure them against an assault, and making a good communication with the main body within the lodgment.
It will be desirable that possession should be taken of the seamen’s hospital and barracks in front of the Redan. Bags of powder should be prepared and ready for blowing in the doors if a breach has not been made in them by the fire from the batteries before the assault.
After entering the Redan, a careful examination should be made to ascertain whether powder cases have been lodged in any part of the works.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones, Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.

290
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
185S.
Jane 15, Day.
3 A.M.tO 7 A.U.
7 a.m. to noon.
3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Woekino Pahty.
Line . . . .
Semper8 . . „ Officer on duty
fist relief, 200 men.
\ 2d relief, 30 „
L3d relief, 255 „
49 men. ‘
Lieut. Donnelly, lt.E.
1st Relief.
Forty men in No. 14 battery, thickening the parapet, commencing Nos. 2 and 3 embrasures, excavating for the platforms and magazines ; 40 men in No. 13 battery, excavating for platforms, and cutting passage round left traverse of No. 8 battery.
Four men working at new magazine of No. 7 battery; 20 men in No. 11 battery, rebuilding embrasures, using hurdles.
Twenty men in No. 10 battery, the same ; 20 men in No. 12 battery, making traverse for shell-room ; 20 men assisting the miners on the right of the second parallel.
2d Relief.
Thirty men in No. 14 battery ; four men assisting Sappers in No. 7.
3d Relief.
30 men in No. 14 battery.
30
»
13 „
20
10 „
20
>>
u „
20
>>
12 „
These parties were employed in the same manner as this morning.
Twenty men collecting tools and materials along the batteries.
Eighteen miners from the Line were employed during the day.
Working Party.
Line .... 313 men.
June 15, Night. Sappers. . . 34 „
8 P.M. to 2 a.m. ("Capt. Belson, R.E.
Officers on duty : Major Chapman, 20tli l Regt.
In Nos. 10 and 11 batteries, revetting some of the embrasures with hurdles, and cutting down the soles towards the front. There were not enough iron hurdles to revet all the embrasures which required them, and wooden ones were substituted ; these embrasures are now all but completed. In No. 13 battery, the earth was cleared away at the back of the right-hand 8-incli mortar, for the reception of a larger one. The parapet of the new portion of No. 14 was thickened, and the embrasures cut
Right Attack.
1855.
June 15, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 P.M.
9 A.M. to 2 P.M.
2 P.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . .
Sappers . Officers on
fist relief, 300 men.
. . -(2drelief, 00 „
Ukl relief, 200 „
. . 40 men.
( Lieut. Graves, R.E. amJ t Lieut. Graham, R.E.
Working parties employed as follows :— 1st Relief.
100 men, No. 17 battery.
50 „ advanced trench.
50 „ repairs, Left advance.
100 „ carrying gabions.
Worked in a satisfactory manner.
2d Relief.
Fifty men to carry magazine timbers from the I ravine to Quarries.
I have to report this party for not performing the task assigned to them, and leaving before it was done.
Send extract to General Simpson for inquiry and report.
(Signed) Raglan.
3d Relief.
40 men, carrying materials.
40 „ No. 17 battery, finished.
40 „ repairs to Left advance.
80 ,, new advance.
All worked in a satisfactory manner.
Nothing of consequence occurred during the day.
June 15, Night.
8 p.m. to 2 A.M.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
Working Party.
r,-„a { 1st relief, 290 men.
.nine .... 1 2d relief, 200 „
Sappers . . . 200 ,,
Officers on ilntn ( Ca P l - BROWNE, RE. ujjicers onanty £ Lieut 1)AItRA „ E E
One hundred men and one brigade of Sappers were employed in the 1st and 70 during the 2d relief in No. 14 battery, repairing and improving traverse, forming merlons and magazine ; 150 men and one and a half brigades of Sappers, 1st, and 50 men 2d relief, employed in advanced trench, improving cover, formingbanquettes and loopholes ; 46 men and half brigade of Sappers, 1st, and 20 men 2d relief, at No. 9 battery, building epaulment and revetting embrasures; 20 men and two brigades carpenters employed at

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
291
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
through more to the front. The cover of the zigzag trenches s, leading to the right of the fourth parallel, was improved. A traverse was commenced in the central place-of-arms d in the fourth parallel, and the trench on its left worked at. The magazine on the right of No. 7 battery was covered over with splinter-proofs, and the roof of the traverse outside thickened.
A party was employed in repairing the Piequet- house Battery.
Wounded, 1 officer, 5 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E, Thermometer in the shade 84°.
1855.
June 16, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
8 a.m. to noon. P.M. to 7i P.M.
Working Party.
fist roliof,200 moil. Line . . . . ■< 2d relief, 50 „
t3d relief, 200 „ Sappers ... 42 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
1st Relief.
Thirty men clearing batteries, and bringing down tools to the depot ; 50 men preparing and excavating for sea-service mortar on the left of No. 8 battery ; 40 men thickening'parapet, and excavating for platforms at No. 14 ; 25 men employed with the miners excavating in approach to No. 14 ; 15 men, No. 11 battery, altering and rebuilding embrasures.
Ten men clearing drain, second parallel.
Ten men repairing embrasures, No. 4.
Ten men, magazine between 3 and 4 batteries.
2d Relief.
Thirty men employed excavating for sea-service mortar, left of No. 8 ; 20 men at No. 14, excavating for platforms.
3d Relief.
Forty men at No. 14, excavating for platforms ; 25 men at No. 13, for sea-service mortar ; 50 men at No. 1 battery, repairing traverse and merlon ; 15 men
magazine in Quarries; 25 men and two Sappers of 1st relief carrying stones from ravine, Left advanced depot; 50 men of 2d relief clearing up batteries, removing old iron gabions, &e.
The men worked well, although under a constant fire of grape and case, which occasioned some casualties. Lance-Corporal S. Daft, Royal Sappers and Miners, was wounded in the arm. Instead of receiving 400 men for my first working party, only 290 men appeared. It is a great inconvenience that the officer commanding a working party is not furnished with a state of the numbers of the different regiments composing his party.
Refer to General Simpson for inquiry and report.
(Signed) R.
At about 12 o’clock there was heavy musketry near the Malakoff Tower, and the Russians threw some light-balls. I think they expected an attack from the French, and fired on a false alarm.
Killed, 1 rank and llle. Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine (15th). Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 84°.
1855.
June 16, Day.
9 A.M. to 2 r.M.
2 p.m. to 0 r.M.
Line
Working Party.
f 1st relief, ISO men.
‘ ' 1 2d relief, 170 „
Sappers ... 40 men.
(Lt. Ei.phinston'e, R.E. Officers on dutyi Major Campbell, 46th
(. Rcgt.
Batteries 1, 3, 4, and 5, repairing embrasures generally, clearing off spare timbers, &c., collecting tools, and getting ready for action, 1st relief, one brigade of Sappers and 20 men, 2d relief, one brigade of Sappers and 30 men. Battery No. 2, relaying a mortar platform, 2d relief, two brigades of carpenters. Battery No. 9, continuing to thicken epaulment, repairing one embrasure, and clearing the battery ready for action, 1st and 2d reliefs, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men. Batteries Nos. 12, 13, 14, 15, general repairs, and clearing off loose timber, &c., 1st and 2d reliefs, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men. Battery No. 17 (in the Quarries), building traverse, and thickening the right merlon; about 200 sandbags were filled, and placed in rear, ready for use in the 1st relief, by one brigade of Sappers and 20 men. Advanced trench in front of Quarries, building up banquettes, thickening parapet, and constructing loopholes. The extreme right portion commenced to be converted into a rifle-pit r. We
O o 2

292
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
altering and completing embrasure at No. 11 battery ; 30 men, traverses on the right of No. 3 battery ; 35 men repairing magazine at No. 4 battery.
The enemy hardly fired a shot, but their embrasures appeared to be in a state of readiness.
i
1855.
Tune 16, Night. 8 p.m. to H a.m.
H A.M. to 3 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Officers on duty £
1st relief, 289 men. 2d relief, 110 „
2cl relief, „
35 men.
Capt. Jessk, R.E. Capt. Penn, R.A.
1st Relief.
Battery No. 14 was strengthened, and two embrasures in it completed, and a third commenced. The magazine in parallel on the right of No. 14 was continued. Li No. 8 battery the embrasures were repaired, and the magazine strengthened.
In No- 13 mortar battery, the platform for the 13- incli sea-service mortar was partially laid, and a ramp in rear of it commenced. In batteries Nos. 1, 10, and 11, the embrasures were cleared, and where necessary more splay was given to them.
can obtain from it an excellent view into the embrasures of the left face and flank of the Redan [and of the low batteries. 1st relief, one brigade of Sappers and 85 men ; 2d relief, one brigade of Sappers and 60 men. Magazine in rear of Quarries, completing it, 1st relief, two brigades of carpenters and 15 men.
The timbers of a gun platform which had been conveyed by mistake the other evening into the Quarries were carried up to the 21-gun battery, 2d relief, 25 men.
During the afternoon the Russians were occupied in filling up a portion of the cutting or ravine in front of the Dockyard buildings ; between 200 and 300 men seemed to be employed. The object of it seems to be to form another communication across this ravine*, to enable them, if obliged to retire, to gain cover more readily in rear of the small stone parapet walls, lately built, which face and flank the approach to the Dockyard buildings. Several shots were fired from the 21-gun battery at this working party ; without any effect, however.
A soldier attempted to desert. lie was fired at by our men before he had time to go half way to the Russian rifle-pit in the Dockyard creek ravine. A continued lire was kept up for about nearly 10 minutes, when the man turned, and gave himself up to two soldiers of his own regiment, who had gone in pursuit of him. lie was not wounded. He had been confined that morning for drunkenness.
* There seems lo he two passages or roads across it at present.
1855.
Tune 16, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
400 men.
40 „
f Lieut. Murray, R.E. h Lieut. Fisher, R.E.
Two brigades of Sappers and 150 men were employed at the newest part of the trench opposite the Redan, improving the cover, and making sandbag loopholes. The Russians fire grape occasionally, from a gun on the proper left of the Redan, and one Sapper and six or seven of this working party were killed or wounded.
One Sapper and 50 men were employed carrying the Russian sandbags, filled with earth, from a trench near the quarry to the parapet where the last-mentioned party was employed, as on account of the

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
293
Li :ft Attack.
The approaches s between the second and third parallel on the right were improved, as also the fourth parallel, in which two traverses were commenced, and some progress made with them.
2d Relief.
The work in the batteries Nos. 14, 8, and 13 was continued, and the magazine on the right of No. 14. Everything was quiet in the attack, and there were no casualties.
During the night the fleet outside bombarded Sebastopol.
Killed, 1 rank and file. ‘Wounded, G rank and file.
Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer
Wokkin’O Party.
Line .... 30 men.
Sappers ... 2V „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, U.E.
Working parties employed in the following manner :—
Twenty men, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., on sea-service mortar platform in 3d parallel ; 10 men, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., in cutting round powder magazine to No. 14 battery.
We opened Are this morning at 3 a.m. The Russians, taken by surprise, did not reply for 20 minutes, when they opened a heavy tire for a few minutes ; but the dense smoke soon prevented both sides from seeing their objects. After 6 o’clock the atmosphere cleared, and our fire acquired a decided superiority, the Russians being either unable to stand to their guns or determined not to expose them. At one o’clock the French on the left of the Flagstaff’Battery opened a very heavy fire. The ships remain in their old position.
The casualties were very few, no gunner or sailor being killed ; the only death throughout the day being a private of the Line, who was killed carrying powder to the batteries. Throughout our batteries no guns are disabled. Nos. 7, 8, and 14 did not open.
Day very fine, in shade 85°.
1855.
Tune 17, X>ay.
10 A.M. to 2 P.M.
i Right Attack.
j rocky soil it was difficult to get cover. One brigade j of Sappers, and 60 men were employed at No. 17 battery, where they filled about 400 sandbags, opened the three embrasures, and packed up and placed in the Quarry the iron chevaux-de-frise. One brigade carpenters examined and repaired all the platforms,
| and prepared cleets for night firing ; the other brigade, ! with 30 men, was employed finishing a magazine ( behind the Quarries, and levelling spaces for four and ! eight mortars in the Quarry. The rest of the time they were employed with the other carpenters. One brigade of Sappers and the rest of the men were employed in repairing all the batteries, except
No. 17.
i Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 2Q rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 85°.
1855.
June 17, Bay,
2 A.M. to 4 A.M.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
fist relief 200 men.
C 2d relief, 100 „
32 men.
< Lieut. Murray, R.E. I Lieut. Fisher, 1LE.
1st Relief.
One hundred men and one brigade of Sappers finishing repairs to the batteries, and 100 men and three brigades in the new part of the advanced trench, and collecting tools, &c. near the Quarries.
2d Relief.
Two brigades of Sappers and 60 men, in the gun and mortar batteries, repairing, &c. ; two Sappers and 20 men collecting tools ; one brigade of Sappers and 20 men improving the new trench opposite the Redan, and repairing No. 17 battery. Capt. Foreman, Rifle Brigade, went out with some of his men, and reported that the Russian sentries were posted about 120 yards from the trench.
June 17, Bay.
4 a.m. to 12 noon. 12 noon to
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
r 1st relief, 100 men.
L 2d relief, 100 „
44 men.
' Lieut. James, R.E.
! Lieut. Somerville, L R.E.
1st Relief.
1. Repairing embrasures, &e., See., 21-gun battery, one brigade of Sappers and 30 men.
2. Repairing embrasures in Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries, two brigades of Sappers aud 30 men.
3. Repairing embrasures, No. 16 battery, half brigade of Sappers and 10 men.

2Q4
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Lei x Attack.
Right Attack.
4. Making banquettes, loopholes, &c., and improving cover in trenches in advance of Quarries, one brigade of Sappers and 10 men.
5. Collecting tools, &c. lying about trenches, two Sappers, 20 men.
2d Relief.
1. Same as 1st relief.
2. Ditto do.
3. Ditto do.
4. Same work as 1st relief, one brigade of Sappers and 20 men.
Our batteries opened fire about 1 a.m., and were briskly responded to until about 10' 30" a.ji., after which the fire from the Redan nearly ceased, and the Malakoff only returned once in five minutes.
Our batteries suffered very slightly from the enemy’s fire. The new battery No. 16 was only annoyed by vertical fire.
Memorandum —
Respecting the effects of the bombardment of the 17tli and 18th on our works.
A large number of the embrasures, as usual, gave way, some very speedily on this occasion, and their failure is attributable to their having been revetted under the superintendence of young Sappers, who were inexperienced at the work.
The platforms stood well in some cases. They experienced much tear and wear, owing to the hind trucks being removed from some of the naval carriages.
The Alderson platforms being made of soft wood, they cannot resist the recoil without injury.
The magazines stood well, not one being injured.
(Signed) J. W. Gordon, Capt. R.E., Lieut.-Colonel.
1855.
Tune 17, Night.
8 F.M. to 2 A.H.
Working Party.
Line .... $00 men.
Sappers ... 2$ „
Office*' on duty Capt. Ajrmit, R.E.
Revetting and clearing out all the embrasures in Nos. 1, 4, 10, and 11, also 14 batteries.
Took a Russian rifle screen ji "close to the road opposite to the enemy’s Picquet house, destroyed the wall, and left a party of one officer and 20 men to occupy it till day.
There were three fires in the town, burning all night.
1855.
June 17, Night.
8 P.3I. to 2 .4,31.
Line . . Sappers .
Officer on
Working- Party.
. . -100 men.
12 „
duty ^Ca^t^WoLSElEY, 90th
One hundred, and forty men and two Sappers, with Major Campbell, carrying materials ; 120 men and one Sapper with Lieut. Graves ; 100 men and two Sappers, with Lieut. Murray. All these parties were employed carrying materials to the places assigned for them. 20 men and four Sappers revetting embrasures in 21-gun battery ; 20 men and four Sappers

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
295
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
The enemy (lid not lire a shot, although their works were shelled from our batteries.
revetting embrasures in Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries. These parties worked until 2 o’clock A.M., after which none were employed. There were three considerable fires in the town in rear of the Flagstaff Battery. The enemy were working all night at the Redan, and
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 20 rank and fde.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 94°.
seemed to be strengthening the abattis in its front.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 11 rank and file. Naval Brigade:—
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 13 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 94°.
Right Attack, 18th June 1855.
In obedience to instructions received, I made preparations this morning for advancing on the salient of the Redan, in the following order :—
100 men, skirmishers.
One brigade of Sappers.
One brigade of carpenters, with powder bags, felling tools, &e., for removing obstacles, headed by Lieut. James, R.E.
Fifty men carrying wool bags,
Sixty soldiers carrying 10 ladders,
Sixty sailors do. do., accompanied by Major Campbell, 46tli Regiment.
Storming party of 400 of the Line. Supports of 800 of the Line. Working party of 400 of the Line and two brigades of Sappers, the Line carrying 200 picks, 200 shovels, and 200 gabions, headed by Lieut Donnelly, R.E.
These parties were assembled in the position told off for them (the centre of the advanced third parallel), and remained there until the parties of the Line were removed, and the Sappers were ordered back to camp.
I regret to state that two or three casualties occurred from the enemy’s shells, although the men were kept as much as possible lying down in the bottom of the trench. All the parties were furnished from the 2d division. I received every assistance in carrying out my instructions from the officers in. command of them.
Edw. C. De Moleyxs,
Captain Royal Engineers.
WOEKISa Paety.
1855.
June 18, Day.
2 A.M. to 6 P.5I.
Line .... 100 men.
Sappers . . , 20 „
Officer on duly { Ca | t j,_ De . MoLETKS '
Working Paety.
Line .... 6 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
rOapt. Aemit, R.E. Officers on duty \ Lieut. Jones, 40th l Regt.
1855.
June 18, Day.
2 A. 41. to 0 r.M.
Two hundred picks, 200 shovels, and scaling The brigades of Sappers were employed in revetting ladders were laid at the right of first parallel by 3 A.M., embrasures in Nos. 3, 4, and o batteries.

296
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
for use of the columns at Right attack. While our attack against the Redan was going on, General Eyre led his brigade down to the Cemetery on our left, and drove the enemy out of the rifle-pits t and u. He was then obliged to retire behind the wall in rear of the Cemetery, in consequence of the heavy fire of case and grape the enemy poured on them from the Lower Garden Batteries.
These guns were so numerous that Nos. 7 and 8 batteries could not silence them, and the town batteries kept up a fire in salvos on Nos. 7 and 8. General Eyre retired from his position about 6 r.M.
The loss in killed and wounded is very great, and it is reported the general is among the latter.
The 68-pounder gun in No. 9 battery burst, killing two and wounding five of the Naval Brigade.
Lieut. Graves, R.E., killed.
1855.
June 18, Night.
8 F.M. to 2 A.if.
Working Party.
Line .... 273 men.
Sappers ... 22 „
Officer on duty Capt. Beeson, R.E.
The embrasures of the different batteries were repaired.
1 made no attempt to form uny lodgment or make a communication from the Cemetery, held by General Eyre’s column, to our trenches, because I was given to understand that I was not to do so unless the French co-operated, which they did not ; and I had also no adequate means to do so, either in the way of men or gabions.
I did not receive General Jones’s telegraphic ■communication until 11 r.st., when the working parties were all distributed over our batteries, and the troops all withdrawn from the Cemetery.
At about 12 o’clock, or a little sooner, the enemy opened a heavy fire of artillery and musketry on our lines, commencing from the right. As far as our attack was concerned, I do not think the enemy ever came near it, or ever left their own works, although they kept up a heavy fire for about half an hour. We did not appear to suffer muph from it.
Killed, 5 officers, 125 rank and file. Wounded, 41 officers, 712 rank and file. Missing, 18 rank and file.
Day veiy fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 82°.
The carpenters were employed in general repairs to platforms in the same batteries.
The Line were employed,—50 men assisting the Sappers in the batteries ; 50 men carrying sandbags and tools from ravine to tool depot.
The men worked well, being quite unmolested by the enemy, who appeared to be working at their own batteries, especially on the proper right of the Round Tower.
There were no casualties.
1855.
June 18, Nigbt.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers , . . Officer on duty
( 1 st relief, 100 men.
12d relief, 100 „
20 men.
f Lieut. Elpuinstoxe, <. R.E.
21-gun battery, repairing and revetting five embrasures, (five still remain to be done,) first and second reliefs, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men ; battery No. 13, revetting three embrasures and commencing a fourth, and thickening parapet in places, first and second reliefs, two Sappers and 12 men ; battery No. 14, four embrasures revetted and the fifth commenced, first and second reliefs, half brigade Sappers and 18 men ; battery No. 17, (in the Quarries,) revetting embrasures (not yet completed), and centre traverse partially repaired, first and second reliefs, one brigade of carpenters and 25 men ; one Sapper and eight men, first relief, employed repairing such parts of the advanced trenches in front of the Quarries which had been thrown down, which they completed ; one Sapper and ten men, first relief, and one Sapper and ten men, second relief, employed in widening the passage round the traverse in Egertou’s rifle-pit e by three feet, and replacing the gabions in the approach to the Quarries, which had been thrown down by the enemy’s shot.
I succeeded, with the assistance of one Sapper and six men, first relief, to collect and bring in all the scaling ladders I could perceive, 21 in number, and most of the wool bags, which were lying in front of our trenches. I think that all the ladders have been

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
297
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
brought in, as I carefully went over the ground since. On doing which I tried to find the body of Lieut. Graves, R.E., but without success. By means of volunteers, we succeeded in bringing in about 20 wounded soldiers. There was an alarm during the night, about 12.30 a.m. It commenced with the French in front of the Mamelon, and soon spread as far as our Quarries. A good deal of firing took place, both of small arms and guns, on our side and that of the enemy, who never left their works.
I regret to say that during this alarm some of the men in the advance were wounded by the bullets of our own men in rear, who could not be persuaded at first to cease firing. I believe it was the first time they were in the trenches.
Killed, 9 officers, 113 rank and file. Wounded, 38 officers, 433 rank and file. Missing, 1 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Killed, 1 officer, 9 seamen. Wounded, 7 officers, 46 seamen.
Capt. Jesse, R.E., killed. Lieut. Murray, R.E., killed.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in the shade 82°.
Working Parti-.
, . . ( 1st relief, 200 men.
L.me .... ) 2d relief, 200 „
Sappers ... 24 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1st Relief.
Thirty men in No. 1 battery, repairing embrasures; 50 men in No. 2 battery, repairing embrasures ; 30 men in No. 4 battery, repairing embrasures ; 100 men collecting tools and materials through the batteries, and bringing them to the park.
2d Relief.
Two hundred men collecting tools and materials through the batteries, and collecting them in the depot.
Having requested permission to occupy the two rifle-pits which were taken by General Eyre yesterday, the field officer allowed me to take 30 volunteers (20 from the 14th and 10 from the rifle brigade), with whom I proceeded to the head of the ravine. I then placed four men in the small rifle-pit t, nearest to our trenches, the men being exposed to a heavy fire from riflemen, but no casualties occurred. Finding it impossible to occupy the rifle-pit u, on the small Mamelon, I placed the men under cover among the walls and trees ; and when the flag of truce was hoisted I took these men, and placed them as sentries
1855.
June 19, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 p.m. to 7 r.M.
1855.
June 19, Day.
3 p.m. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 2011 men.
Sappers ... 20 ,,
OfTwers on duty 1 Ca ! jt - SKDI.EY, R.E. ujjicers on duty ( Lieut Gi1AIIAMi R E
Two brigades of Sappers and one of carpenters were employed from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.
200 men of the Line from 3 to 7 p.m.
The Sappers were employed repairing the embrasures of batteries “ 21-gun,” and No. 9, and half brigade of Sappers in strengthening the parapet of the advanced trenches, and the carpenters were employed in general repairs to the batteries, and the Line were employed as follows :
50 men in the advanced trenches ; 50 men filling sandbags in the Quarry ; 100 men assisting in repairing the batteries.
The men ceased working at 4 p.m., owing to a flag of truce, when three scaling ladders and some of the woolbags were recovered.
i’ p

298
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
round the bottom of the small Mamelon, to prevent any Russians coming up, which was done, with the exception of a Russian officer, who forced his way through, and would not retire for some time. After the parties had finished burying in front, I retired with the flag of truce from the rifle-pit u on small Mamelon to the one t nearest to our lines. While standing here, a few minutes afterwards, the Russians fired 2 rifle-shots at. the Sapper holding the white flag and myself, and five minutes afterwards a volley of 20 or 30 rifle-shots were fired at us, though the Russian and our own flag were flying at the time, and a constant fire was kept up at me as I retired to the head of the ravine. I should think about 40 men and two officers were buried.
Wobkjeg Party.
Line .... 300 men.
Sappers ... 25 men.
Officer on duty 20th
Effecting lodgment in Russian rifle-pits t in the Cemetery; placed 80 gabions, and filled same on right from pit T, to connect with 4tli parallel ; commenced trench from 4th parallel to meet rifle-pits ; cut trench to the rear, to serve as communication, and filled up Russian communications.
The houses between the Cemetery and Garden Battery were on fire during the night. The enemy annoyed us very much with incessant showers of shell and grape, which greatly interrupted the work, and I regret to state caused five casualties, two men killed and three wounded. The Cemetery is now occupied by one officer, 30 men, 13th Regiment.
Killed, 1 rank and file. "Wounded, 1 officer, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 85°.
1855.
June 19, Night. 8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
June 20, X>ay. 4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 150 men.
• * 12d relief, 150 „
Sappers ... 27 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Line
1st Relief.
No. 1 battery, one Sapper and 10 men, repairing revetment.
No. 3 mortal - battery, one Sapper and 10 men, repairing traverse.
No. 4 battery, four Sappers and 24 men, repairing embrasures, &c.; one Sapper and 16 men, cutting out
Right Attack.
1855.
June 19, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 28 „
Officer on duty Lieut. DARRAn, II. 1'.
Employed 30 men and half brigade of Sappers in the 21-gun battery ; 40 men and half brigade in No. 9 battery and those adjacent to it ; 50 men and half brigade to repair the parapet of the Quarries ; 200 men and half brigade to widen the trenches in advance of the Quarries ; 30 men with one brigade to repair battery No. 17; and 50 men for the new advanced trench. At about 2 a.ji. this morning a large fire broke out in Sebastopol at the head of Dockyard Creek, and a little before this a deserter was seen making his way into the town, supposed to belong to some regiment then on duty in the Quarries.
The new trench r leading from the advanced trench towards the Woronzoff Ravine was thrown up without trouble, the Russians hardly firing at all.
Day very fine. Wind (light) East. Barometer in the shade 85°.
June 20, Day.
5 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 100 men.
* * \ 2d relief, 200 „
. , 20 men.
("Lieut. James, R.E. Officers on duty -^Major Campbell, 46tli
Line . Sappers
The officer relieved by me had received no orders about ordering a working party to assemble at 4 a.st., so no requisition was made for this party until my arrival at 5 a.si., and I could scarcely get them at work before 6 a.jt.
1st Relief.
Widening trenches, &c. in front of Quarries, one brigade of Sappers and 60 men ; improving cover

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
299
Left Attack.
small-arm magazine behind parapet on the right of No. 10 battery.
No. 12 batteiy, one Sapper and 10 men, repairing revetment.
Sea-service mortar, two Sappers and 25 men, cutting ramp and building revetment ; two Sappers and 10 men employed in the caves, filling sandbags and building loopholes to protect the Cemetery.
One Sapper and 10 men at No. 1 batteiy, repairing embrasures.
Twelve Sappers and 20 men employed blasting in approaches to caves at No. 13 batteiy, and on approaches right of second parallel.
One Sapper and 15 men collecting stores, &e.
2d Relief.
No. 1 batteiy, one Sapper and 10 men, repaired embrasures and revetment.
One Sapper and 10 men repairing revetment of No. 1 mortar battery.
One Sapper and 20 men at No. 3 mortar battery, revetting magazine and traverse.
Four Sappers and 25 men revetting embrasures and merlon of No. 4 battery. One Sapper and 10 men at right of No. 10, cutting small-arm magazine.
One Sapper and 12 men employed at No. 14 battery, clearing out No. 1 gun platform.
One Sapper and 13 men collecting stores in front of third parallel (No. 7 battery). One Sapper and 25 men, collecting tools, ladders, &c. in first parallel.
The houses beneath the Garden Batteries were on fire during the day.
Rigiit Attack.
in advanced boyau commenced last night, one brigade of Sappers and 40 men. The Sappers (one brigade) left oil the works from 8 a.m. until 3 p.m. were ordered by me to make a general inspection of the gun and mortar batteries on the whole of the Right attack.
The revetment of No. 15 battery was reported as having fallen in, and the Sappers were employed in its repair until the 2d relief, after which a working party in 2d relief was ordered for the purpose.
The carpenters were employed from 8 a.m. during the whole day in repairing, &c. the following platforms :—
No. 11 mortar batteiy, No. 2 platform, planking relaid.
No. 10 mortar battery, No. 2 platform, planking relaid.
No. 7 gun, No. 9 battery, laid four pieces platform planking, Alderson’s pattern.
2d Relief.
.Widening trenches, &c. in front of Quarries, half brigade of Sappers and 76 men ; improving cover in new advanced boyau it, commenced last night, half brigade of Sappers and 40 men ; clearing mortar platforms, and repairing revetment in No. 15 battery, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men ; collecting tools lying scattered about the trenches, one Sapper and 10 men ; carrying stones from the middle ravine up to the engineers’ depot in the right of the 21-gun battery, and carrying old iron gabions down to the middle ravine, two Sappers and 54 men.
The following stores were carried to the depot during the afternoon :—
24 bales of sandbags.
24 iron gabions.
150 wooden gabions.
I observed a large party of the enemy working on our extreme left of the Malakotf Tower at about 3 P.M., apparently altering some of the embrasures to bear on the Quarries and ground between them and the Redan. I ordered a portion of the riflemen under my orders to keep up a fire in that direction, and although the range was fully 1,200 yards their fire prevented the workmen from exposing themselves, and completely put a stop to all work in advance of the Russian works.
p p 2

300
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
After about half an hour’s firing, the enemy fired a few small mortar shells in the direction of the Quarries, without effect.
I beg leave to report that the Land Transport Corps do not supply a sufficient quantity of water to our advanced trenches.
Communicated to General Simpson.
(Signed) ft.
1855.
Tune 20, Ulght.
8 F.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, E.A.
1855.
Tune 20, Wight.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
(Capt. De Moleyns, Officer's on duty < R.E.
t Lieut. Fisuer, K.E.
Fifty men employed revetting and clearing out embrasures in No. 7 battery.
Fifty men employed revetting and clearing out embrasures in No. 8 battery. 20 men employed raising traverse in place-of-anns d in fourth parallel. 20 men employed cutting passage from first parallel into communication to No. 9 battery. 10 men employed making ramps in third parallel to sea-service mortar. 20 men employed opening passage in first parallel for 13-incli mortar to go to the third parallel.
120 men employed in making cover and extending lodgment t in Cemetery to the right, as far as Vineyard Wall.
Fifty men employed in improving cover on left.
Sixty men making communication v from the fourth parallel to Cemetery.
Four men wounded.
The houses in the Vineyard and near were all set on fire, and continued to burn all night. This was done by the Russians, and enabled them to see the exact position of the working parties.
The fire of grape and shell in consequence was so heavy that I was obliged to withdraw the men, after having placed the gabions and filled them (No. 7.)
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 18 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in the shade 87°.
The Sappers were employed as follows :—
One brigade revetting embrasures Nos. 3, 4, 5, batteries.
Half brigade making new communication into trench leading to Quarries. '
One brigade extending to left, and improving advanced trench in front of Quarries.
The carpenters were employed collecting and preparing materials.
The working party were employed as follows :—
Fifty men assisting Sappers in batteries.
One hundred men improving cover in advanced Quarry trench.
Fifty men extending same trench r to left.
Fifty men improving trench in rear of last-mentioned one.
Seventy men improving trench in front of No. 17 battery.
Eighty men making treneli into communications to Quarries.
The working parties worked well, being quite unmolested by the enemy, and there were no casualties.
No special working party came from the camp. I obtained, on application to the general of the trenches, the party employed.
I would beg leave to suggest that it would facilitate the discharge of the duty if an arrangement were made by which the adjutant of the trenches was directed to meet the officer of the engineers at 7 a.m. and 7 r.M. in the Quarries, to arrange as to working parties, the previous order directing that they should meet at the tool depot, 21-gun battery, having fallen into disuse, owing to nearly all the work being in front, and the men taken from parties near there.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
301
Left Attack.
1855.
Tune 21, Day.
51 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 r.M.
WOEKING PAETY.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 136 men. 12d relief, 150 „
57 men.
f Capt. Akmit, R.E. < Lieut. Joses,
(. ltegt.
46th
1st Relief.
Parties were employed improving cover from No. 7 battery to caves, blasting, improving zig zags from third parallel to edge of cliff, clearing out for gun platform in No. 14 batteiy, and working round magazine on its right, also improving cover in communication k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery (good cover about one half of it). On light there is a good deal of rock. Repairing embrasures No. 4 battery, and thickening parapet for sea-service mortal’, No. 13 battery.
No casualties.
2d Relief.
Men employed same as in 1st relief.
The parapet of sea-service mortar is about six feet high, and sloped at about 45 degrees.
Gun platform space in No. 14 cleared ; barrels collected.
WoEKINQ PABTY.
Tune 21, Wight. Line .... 200 men.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M. Sappers ... 22 „
Officer on duty Lieut. GoBDOX, R.E.
New lodgment in Cemetery, 23 men Fourth parallel, 150 men.
No. 13 battery, 10 men.
Russian rifle-pit t, 15 men.
In the new lodgment t near the Cemetery, the fire was so heavy as to prevent my employing many more than the number specified. The gabions were filled, and
Right Attack.
It is extremely inconvenient for officers of engineers to be obliged first to go to the general and then to the field officer to obtain a working party. General Simpson to order accordingly.
(Signed) Kaglax.
There was a large fire which burnt all night iu the suburb at the head of the Dockyard Creek, under the Left attack.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 87°.
1855.
Tune 21, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 p.m.
WORKIXG PABTY.
Line . . Sappers .
1st relief, 250 men. 2d relief, 200 20 men.
Officer on duty
("Lieut. Geaiiam, R.E 1 Capt. Wolseley, 90th t Rcgt.
1st Relief.
The parties were working in the trench r on the left of the advanced trench, on the extreme right of the advanced trench in the new communication s on the left of Egerton’s pit e, widening narrow parts of trenches between third parallel and trenches, and carrying and collecting gabions and tools.
2d Relief.
The distribution of the working parties was the same as 1st relief.
Working- Pabty.
fist relief, 300 men.
• • (2drelief, 300 „
, , 24 men.
/"Lieut. Elpiiinstone,
“ -*'*“■ to TA..U, \ T) p
' Offi‘ eer 011 duty j Li el ,k SOMEEVILLE,
Extreme advanced trench in front of Quarries, the portion to the right was partially deepened, and the parapet thickened by carrying earth in bags from the rear; left portion r, improving cover, and thickening parapet, and extending to the left 25 gabions to the edge of the 1st and 2d reliefs ; one brigade of Sappers and 50 men.
Tune 21, Night.
8 P.AT. tn 9 A \T
Line . , Sappers ,

302
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
the trench repaired where damaged by the enemy’s fire. In the fourth parallel the new trench v leading towards this lodgment was deepened, and the remainder of the parallel improved, a small traverse being built against the enemy’s riflemen.
In No. 13 a passage for the admission of some 10-inch shell was cut. The entrance from the Russian side into the Russian rifle-pit t in the Cemetery was filled in.
About 9.30 a.m. the party on duty in the Cemetery were alarmed by a body of Russians advancing from among the houses in the Vineyard, and who commenced a heavy fire of musketry on them, which our men returned. When seeing our men were ready, and stood firm, they retired, on the sound of a bugle. They cheered on their first advance, and seemed in strong force. During the whole night they kept up on the new lodgment t a heavy fire from their four mortars in the Garden batteries, causing seven or eight casualties in the working and 12 or 14 in the covering force.
I could hear them working in our front, but believe they were only destroying the houses. Col. Waddy, 50tli Regiment, allowed me to place six men and one corporal in tho green knoll u, ns the cover is good, and it would prevent the Russians holding it again until it is destroyed.
The French joined us on the other side of the knoll, and seemed to expect us to hold this pit u. Captain Dowbiggin, 4th Regiment, and his party, were of great assistance to me, and the sentries were placed by him in a very judicious manner. His sentries did not fall back on the advance of the enemy, but remained out, firing until they retired.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 23 rank and iile.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 85 degrees.
Right Attack.
Trench in front of No. 17 battery, thickening parapet by carrying earth in bags from the rear, and deepening trench where practicable, 1st and 2d reliefs, one Sapper and 50 men ; new communication s from Col. Egerton’s rifle-pit e to approach to Quarries, deepening trench and thickening parapet, by carrying earth from the rear, 1st and 2d reliefs, half brigade of Sappers and 50 men.
A working party was employed collecting tools, &c., and conveying all the scaling ladders and gabions from the different parts of the Quarry to the depot near Col. Egerton’s rifle-pit e, 1st and 2d reliefs, two Sappers and 40 men.
A party employed in cutting a new communication between Nos. 9 and 14 batteries, nearly complete, 1st and 2d reliefs, half brigade of Sappers and 30 men. A new communication was cut between the left of the 3d parallel and the No. 1 demi-parallel in its immediate front.
As the soil was good, I employed no gabions, and obtained very good cover, 1st and 2d relief, half brigade of Sappers and 80 men.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and file.
The enemy was busily employed during the night in working at the small trench which connects a small white rifle-pit u (to our left of the Redan) with the Redan. A part in the centre appears to have been strengthened, I cannot say for what purpose. A little to our right of this pit, and rather in advance of it, the earth appeared to have been turned up, but not so as to give any cover. Whether this was for the purpose of obtaining earth for the above-mentioned trench, or for the purpose of burying small fougasses, Lieut. Somerville was unable to ascertain.
Day very fine. Wind (light) E. Thermometer in shade 85 degrees.
Returns from the Look-out Station.
1855 . Yesterday, 200 carts with gabions arrived on the north side, also 100 arabas laden..
Tune 15 . This morning a gun was dragged up from the town to the Redan.
General Bosquet sent word that 10,000 men had been seen going towards the Redan.
June 21. The enemy appears to have been employed during the night in repairing the embrasures in the Redan, and about the Malakoff Tower.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
303
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
14th to 21st June.—The Russian works “ Mamelon ” and the “ Ouvrages Blancs” had been constructed with great skill and labour, having flanks with casemates in them.
The ditches were 11 feet deep, cut out of solid rock. Magazines and bomb-proofs formed by- excavations in the ground, with spars from 14 inches to 16 inches in diameter, covered with earth Over the spars ships' water-tanks filled with earth and sandbags were placed.
Thick traverses, tanks for water, and every preparation for a stout defence had been prepared.
The Quarries had been intrenched with great care, emplacements for field guns had been prepared, and in front of the Quarries large cubical boxes filled with powder had been buried in the ground about 20 yards in advance of them, to be exploded by the pressure of a single man passing over them. Fortunately no accident was occasioned by them during the assault. Two or three subsequently exploded, and wounded several individuals.
Improving lodgment in Quarries. Advanced 110 yards by flying sap towards Redan. Erecting a battery, No. 17, for three 32-pounders in the advance, and a battery, No. 16, for four 8-inch mortars in the lodgment.
The necessary repairs to parapets and platforms consequent upon the damage done to them on the 18th have been performed. Forming a trench from left of Quarries to edge of Woronzoff Ravine, and altering a Russian trench to afford cover for our advanced picquets.
Improving parapets of fourth parallel. Making a battery for three guns, No. 14. Prepared ground and laid a platform for one sea-service 13-inch mortar on the right of No. 13.
Forming a post in the Cemetery taken from the Russians, and making a communication with the same from fourth parallel and caves.
The enemy busily employed in retrenching the Redan, and strengthening the fronts between Malakoff and Careening Bay.
In the night of the 21st the Russians made an unsuccessful attempt to drive the English out of the Cemetery, which had been captured on the 18th.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 16tli June 1855.
The Redan is to be assaulted by three columns, consisting of—
Right column ... . . - 400 men.
Centre „ - - - - - - 400 „
Left „ - - - - - 400 „
Each column to be headed by an officer of the Royal Engineers and a detachment of Royal Sappers and Miners with cutting tools for removing abattis, palisades, or any other obstacles which may have been placed in front of the enemy’s works.
The general officer commanding each column will be accompanied by a captain of Royal Engineers.
The columns should be formed as follows :—
Royal Sappers and Miners - - - - - 10
Covering party - - - - - -.100
Party with bags of wool - - »• « » 50
Party with ladders - - - ...
Main column .... - 400
Reserve - - - - - - 800
Workmen ... . . . . 400

304
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The 1st column upon moving out of the trenches will advance to that part of the left face between the flanking batteries, cross the ditch, and push on so as to form a junction with the column No. 3., which is to enter the Redan on the opposite face, and form a junction with No. 1.
2d column is to advance upon the salient angle of the Redan, and force its way into the work. If the columns No. 1 and 3 have been successful, No. 2 will remain as a reserve to the columns in its front.
The 3d column is to enter the Redan at the re-entering angle formed by the face and flank of the work. The covering parties to follow their columns as soon as they move in.
The engineers attached to these columns will trace out the best line for the lodgment, which should be commenced without delay. The sooner cover is obtained the better.
Immediately after the columns have entered the works, the parapet should be thrown down, so as to form an easy communication across the ditch with the trenches. This is most important, and will require particular attention.
A 4tli column will move on towards the Woronzotf Ravine, so as to enter the works of the place beyond the point of entering of No 3 column.
The officer commanding this column, after entering the place, must act according to the movements of the troops who have previously entered.
The columns 1 and 3, after entering the works, if they find that there is little resistance on the part of the enemy, are to push forward, and endeavour to drive the enemy before them, as far as can bo done with safety to the troops, having their reserves following the column.
If the enemy should make a stout resistance, it may be necessary to form a lodgment in some of the large public buildings, making themselves secure in them, and at the same time taking care to keep up a safe communication with the reserve No. 2 in the lodgment.
No. 2 column, after entering the Redan, is to consider itself as a reserve, and not to advance beyond the lodgment which the workmen will have commenced.
If the enemy does not retire from the Barrack Battery it will be necessary to dislodge him from it. In that case No. 3 column ■will move to the left for this purpose, at the same time always keeping up a communication with the reserve in the Redan.
If the French do not move down the Picquet-liouse ravine, a column should threaten the works at the head of the Dockyard Creek, and, if practicable, establish themselves in the ruins of the houses on the hillside, so as to form a junction with the columns that assaulted the Redan.
An officer of artillery, with a detachment of gunners, are to accompany the columns, for the purpose of spiking, or turning any guns which may be practicable upon the enemy.
Harry D. Jones,
Maj or- General,
Commanding Royal Engineers.
X8SS. Par. No. 1.—Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon, Royal Engineers, will be attached to Lieutenant
June 17. General Sir G. Brown during the operations connected with the storming of Sebastopol ;
and the following arrangements will be carried out in the distribution of officers ; viz., Lieutenant Colonel Tylden to be attached to 2d column.
Major Bent,
Lieut. Murray, I T , „ T .
T • i. / R.L., No. 1 column.
Lieut Graham, ' ’
“» I
Lieut. Gordon, J Capt. De Moleyns,
Lieut. James, VR.E.,
Lieut. Donnelly,
Major Campbell, 46tli Regiment, Assistant Engineer,
)
> No. 2 column.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
305
Capt. Jesse,
Lieut. Fisher, Lieut. Graves,
R.E., No. 3 column.
Lieut Somerville, Lt.-Col. Chapman Lieut. Neville,
No. 4 column.
Capt. Penn, R.A., J
Major Chapman, 20th Regiment, Assistant Engineer, and Lieutenant Elphinstone, Royal Engineers, orderly officers to Major-General Jones.
Par. No. 2.—Every surviving officer who accompanied a column in the operations of
June 19.
yesterday, the 18th instant, will send in direct to the Major-General Commanding an account of what he did and what he observed.
Right Attack, 20th June 1855.
I have the honour to report the circumstances that came under notice by me whilst attached to the brigade of the 4th division in the attempted assault against the Redan on the 18th inst. According to instructions, the officers of the Royal Engineers paraded in the 21-gun battery at about 1 a.m., and were told off by Lieut.- Col. Tylden to their respective parties and duties ; viz.—
Major Bent, R.E., with the storming party and supports.
Lieut. Murray to lead with skirmishers.
Lieut. Graham with the party carrying woolbags and scaling ladders.
Lieut. Gordon with working parties.
According to this arrangement, as soon as the signal was given to advance, the column lining the trenches moved on, a party of 100 rifles going out from the left of the advance"?! parallel, and spreading themselves in skirmishing order towards tho Redan. Lieut. Murray, R.E., who bad this party (accompanied by Sappers) was soon struck down, and his place taken by Lieut, Graham, R.E., who had moved on with the sealing ladders.
I have the honour to forward that officer’s report of the termination of the operations. I did not go to the front myself, as the portion of the column to which I was attached (the storming party) never succeeded in forming up outside the trenches.
I beg leave to call your special attention to the extremely gallant way in which Lieut. Graham, R.E., performed his duty. I have been informed by the officers of the Naval Brigade that every one who witnessed his exertions throughout every operation of the day expressed their admiration of his coolness and courage under the destructive fire, in which he remained as long as there was a chance of anything being done.
(Signed) ' Geo. Bent,
Major, R.E.
Right Attack, 18th June 1855.
I have the honour to make the following report of the operations of the right column of the attack made on the re-entering angle of the Redan, this morning.
The column of attack was formed, according to instructions, in the following order:—
1. Skirmishers, 100 men of 1st Battalion Rifles.
2. One brigade of Sappers and one of carpenters, provided with crowbars, sledge-hammers, grapuells, axes, saw, two powder-bags, &c.
3. Fifty men of the Rifles carrying each a woolbag.
4. Sixty men of the same corps carrying 10 lengths (18 feet) of scaling ladders.
Sixty sailors carrying 10 more lengths of scaling ladders. The ladder party were under Lieut. Graves, R.E.
5. Storming party, 400 men. The men were formed before daybreak, along the nearest old Russian trench leading out of the right of the Quarries.
Q Q

306
• JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The skirmishers being formed on the reverse of the parapet of the abandoned Russian trench immediately in front.
The working party, consisting of two brigades of Sappers and 400 men, was formed in rear, in the right of the old advanced parallel, under Lieut. Somerville, R.E.
On a signal being given from the 8-gun battery No. 9, I observed the skirmishers moved to the front, in open order, and almost simultaneously the assaulting column advanced from the right of our (the attacking party’s) position. I immediately led the Sappers to the front, followed by the remainder of the column in due order under Lieut. Graves, R.E. I proceeded at a steady pace, to allow time for the ladder party to cross the two old Russian trenches which were in our line of advance.
We were exposed to a heavy lire of grape and musketry whilst advancing.
On arriving at the abattis, I looked back to see how the ladder party were coming on. I could not see a single ladder, the men having abandoned them, or (as I believe was very general) been shot down in advancing.
I observed the whole party to be very much reduced. I endeavoured to rally the men, but being unable to get together a sufficient force to attempt an assault in face of such a fire as we were exposed to, I ordered the men to get under cover, as fast as possible, among the irregularities of ground and shell holes which existed close to the abattis, in the expectation of the supports which I hoped would advance to our relief. Here they were shot down by the Russian soldiers who stood on the parapet of the Redan to fire, as well as by the grape which continued to sweep through our force.
After waiting some time for the supports to come, in vain, I felt with such a handful of men any attempt to assault would be madness. Accordingly I endeavoured to find an officer senior to myself, to recommend him to retire. Failing in this, I took it on myself to order a retreat into our trenches, which was effected, but I fear our loss was very great.
The abattis, though not very thick, nor constructed of very large boughs, was almost entirely uninjured by our fire. The largest wood was, I should think, six inches in diameter at the base, and it stood from five to six feet high above the ground.
There were small gaps and weak places where men could push through. I did not attempt to pull it away with the grapnells, as I considered the fire too heavy to justify me in exposing men so prominently at so short a distance from the work, our fire being insufficient to keep the Russian soldiers off the parapet, from which they were firing on us. I am of opinion that under a less severe fire it would be easy to break it up by means of axes and the iron grapnells.
I am not aware that any of our men passed the abattis.
I regret to state that Capt. Jesse, R.E., was shot through the head whilst in the act of speaking to me. Lieut. Graves, R.E., is missing. He is supposed to have been killed under the abattis. I have to report a further loss of Private M'Neil, lOtli Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, Private Barnes, 7th Company, killed or missing ; Lance Corporal Maycock, 9tli Company, Royal Sappers and Miners ; Private Spurs, 7th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners ; Private Pearson, 7th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, wounded.
I must not conclude without bringing under your notice the very gallant conduct of Sergeant Landrey, Royal Sappers and Miners, 'whose steadiness in the advance and exertions in cheering on the men were most praiseworthy.
(Signed) Arthur A. C. Fisher,
Lieut. Royal Engineers.
Left Attack, 19th June 1855.
In obedience to brigade orders of this day’s date, I have the honour to inform you that at half-past three o’clock yesterday morning I was in charge of the ladder party accompanying the storming party ordered to attack the right flank of the Redan, Brigr.-General Sir J. Campbell commanding.
On the signal for the attack being given, Lieut. Murray, R.E., advanced in rear of the skirmishers towards the left, followed by the ladder party.
The skirmishers did not advance beyond the rear spur of the hill, the fire from the Redan, Flanks, and Creek Batteries being too heavy.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
307
Lieut. Murray was here severely wounded, and obliged to retire. Lieut.-Colonel Tylden here came forward, and I had just obtained his sanction to advance on the salient instead of on the flank when he too was struck down by grape shot. The skirmishers now advanced towards the salient, followed by the Sappers and the party carrying the woolsacks and ladders, whom I halted in front of the advanced trench, in order that the skirmishers might cover us before we advanced. Finding, however, that the skirmishers could not advance, under the formidable fire of grape and musketry from the Redau, I ordered the escaladiug party to retire into the advanced trench, which they did. After about ten minutes the officer in command of the storming party, Lord West, told me that he was again about to lead out the skirmishers, and requested that I would take out the ladders. This I accordingly did, and the ladders were again brought to the front. Here I beg to be allowed to remark on the remarkable steadiness and gallantry of the officers and men of the Naval Brigade, who formed part of the ladder party, and who suffered most severely on this occasion. As it was again found impracticable for the skirmishers to advance, the ladder party again retired, bringing in most of their ladders, though not without severe loss. After this no further attempt was made until the order was received for the supports to retire. I beg to call your attention to the steady conduct of the party of Sappers under Sergeant Coppin, 4th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, especially to Private F. Perrie.
(Signed) G. Graham,
Lieut. Royal Engineers.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
On tlie 17th, at daybreak, a very heavy fire was opened from all the batteries in the English and French trenches. The effect produced was so satisfactory that the Generals-in-chief determined that the French should assault the Malakoff works on the morning of the 18th, and the English should assault the Redan at the same time, or as soon after as might he considered advisable, and also that the fire of tlie artillery should be resumed for two hours before the assault, for the purpose of destroying any works that might be thrown up during the night, and of opening pas.sages through the abattis that covered the Redan.
Late in the evening of the 17th it was notified by General Pelissier to Lord Raglan that he had determined to attack with his troops at three o’clock the next morning.
It was arranged that detachments from the light, second, and fourth divisions, to be placed under the orders of Lieut.-General Sir G. Brown, should be formed into three columns ; that the right should attack the left face of the Redan ; that the centre should advance upon the salient angle ; and that the left should move upon the re-entering angle formed by the right face and flank of the work, the first and last preceding the centre column.
As soon as the troops had shown themselves beyond the trenches they were assailed by a most murderous fire of grape and musketry. After endeavouring to advance, without success, the columns were directed to retire into the trenches, but not before almost all the superior officers had been killed and wounded. Major-General Sir John Campbell, Bart., Colonel Shadforth, 57th, and Colonel Yea, of the 7th Fusiliers, were among the former, all distinguished for their gallantry and devotion throughout the campaign; among the wounded was Captain Peel, R.N., in command of the men of the Naval Brigade employed with the assaulting columns.
The corps of Engineers had to regret the loss of many brave and zealous officers. Captain Jesse, Lieut. Graves, Lieut. Murray, killed ; Major-General Jones, commanding Royal Engineers, Lieut.- Colonel Tylden (this officer died before reaching Malta on his passage to England), Major Bourchier (Brigade Major), wounded.
Q Q 2

308
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Five Sappers were killed and seven wounded. Of the latter four died from the effects of their wounds shortly afterwards.
Captain Lushington, R.N., having voluntered the services of the Naval Brigade to carry the ladders, and the same having been accepted, four parties, under Captain Win, Peel, R.N., with four officers, were told off for this duty, who advanced in the most gallant style with the assaulting column, and suffered equally with the troops. Their casualties amounted to 62, viz. :—
Killed, 14. Wounded, 32. Contused, 15. Missing, 1.
Killed, 1 officer, Lieut. Kidd.
Wounded, Captain Peel.
„ Lieut. Urmston.
„ Lieut. Cave.
„ Lieut. Dalzell.
„ Mate Parsons.
,, Midshipman Wood.
There are two causes which operated very injuriously upon the attack ; the first was that the enemy’s batteries had not been silenced, as was originally intended ; the change made in the hour of attack prevented this being accomplished before the column advanced to the assault. The second was, that by some misunderstanding of a signal the French right column moved forward before the appointed hour, and before the signal for the assault was given by the French Commander-in- Chief.
This column, as soon as it began to move forward, was met by a most destructive fire ; the garrison consequently was aroused, and put on the alert, so that when the column for the attack of the Malakoff advanced, which they did in a most gallant manner, and forced the lines on its right, they were overwdielmed by a heavy fire of musketry anrl artillery, and attacked by a column of troops with several field pieces who advanced upon them from Karabelnaia. After several ineffective attempts to hold their ground, the French were obliged to retire.
The English advanced upon the Redan as soon as it was perceived that the French were in movement upon the Malakoff, but were unsuccessful. The enemy, being prepared to receive them, poured such a heavy fire of grape and musketry upon the assailants that to persevere in the assault was to sacrifice the lives of many gallant officers and men. The French columns having been obliged to retire, a further perseverance could not be attended with any beneficial results, even if successful in forcing the Redan. To have formed a lodgment within it would not have been practicable under the heavy fire of artillery which could be poured into it from the Malakoff, and with nearly twelve hours daylight to enable them to direct their fire with certainty, and further open to attack from troops lodged in the White Barracks, or who might be formed in their rear unseen from the trenches.
A considerable number of casualties occurred in the English column appointed to assault the works in the Cemetery at the head of the Dockyard Creek, and to lodge themselves in it. This was admirably executed. Unfortunately the ardour of the troops made them push on to some houses situate at the foot of the enemy’s main line of works running up to the Bastion-du-Mat, which they occupied until sunset. The communication throughout the day with these houses from the trenches was exposed to a fire of grape, and in consequence a very great loss was sustained. It was never intended that any attempt should be made on the enemy’s works beyond the Cemetery, unless the attack upon the Redan should be successful, or that some great advantage presented itself for attacking the flank of that work, with a view to assist materially in the lodgments to be made in it.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
309
It was a source of deep regret to the Field-Marshal that he should thus unnecessarily have sustained so great a loss of officers and men, in addition to the numbers who had fallen in the attack upon the Redan. The troops, by pushing on in the manner they did, caused a very great and useless sacrifice of life both in officers and men. The loss in officers was very great, arising from the high spirit and ardour of individuals, who, ever anxious to be foremost in the fight, do not pay that attention to the movements and formation necessary to be observed in columns of attack, by leading and guiding their men, but all make a rush forward, in the hope of being the first to enter the enemy’s works.
Left Attack.
1855.
June 22, Bay.
5 to 9 A.M.
3 to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 148 men.
* ' 12d relief, 195 „
Sappers ... 57 men.
Officer on duty Captain Kelson, R.E.
Line
In the 1st parallel, repairing embrasures, &c.; making a new small-arm magazine opposite the 1st lioyau, and another in one of the traverses to the right of No. 10 battery ; deepening the communication k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery ; cutting away the earth in rear of the right of No. 13 battery, and making up the parapet in front ; also carrying a mortar platform out there ; laying a platform in No. 14 battery, and revetting and thickening the parapet, and improving the 4tli parallel on the right, by making a baiupiette and deepening the cover on llie left of it ; blasting in the cut p from No. 7 battery to the communication to the caves.
Working Party.
June 22, Wight. zinc .... 200 men.
8 p.m. to 2 a.m. Sappers . . . 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Seville, R.E.
One Sapper and 50 men improving cover in new communication v from 4th parallel to Cemetery t; four Sappers blasting ; two Sappers and 50 men indenting parapet between the places-of-arms c and e 3 in 4tli parallel, and improving cover ; one Sapper and 25 men cutting sods in rear of No. 10 battery ; one Sapper and 25 men cutting sods in rear of No. 11 battery ; five Sappers employed in destroying Russian rifle redoubt u above the Cemetery*; one Sapper and 10 men at No. 13 battery, levelling earth on the * Ordered to be destroyed, as we cannot bold this ambuscade situated on the small green Mamelon.
Signed) F. E. Chapman.
Right Attack.
1855.
June 22, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sailers . Officers on
180 men.
20 men.
Capt. Sebley, R.E. Lieut. Dakraii, R.E.
The Sappers were employed superintending the batteries generally, and the carpenters in collecting platform timbers. The working party of the Line were employed as follows :—
50 men in making a communication s to cut off the Egerton rifle-pit e.
20 men in the trench it down to ravine from the left of the advanced work of Quarry.
30 men improving the cover on right of advanced parallel of Quarry by carrying earth in bags, &c.
50 men in tlic communication X from advanced third parallel to the front.
20 men at the communication at No. 9 battery.
10 men collecting gabions, &c. to Quarry depot.
The rifle fire of the enemy, though rapid, did not cause much harm to the men.
Working Party.
_ _ Line .... 400 men.
June 22, Wight. Sappers ... 24 „
8 p.m. to 2 a.m. ("Lieut. James, R.E.
Officers on duty -1 Major Campbell, 46tli (. Rcgt.
The adjutant of the trenches did not meet me, as ordered, in the Quarries, at 7 p.m., and I could not find him until 8.45 p.m., and did not get my working party until 9 p.m.
General Simpson to inquire.
(Signed) 1!.
Very quiet night. An alarm about 1 p.m., in consequence of firing on our right.
Advanced Left communication r in front of Quarries, to improve cover and make steps, &c., two Sappers and 50 men ; advanced Right communication in front of Quarries, to improve cover, &c., the earth

310
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
top ; two Sappers and 20 men improving communication k from 4 boyau to No. 14 battery ; two Sappers and 20 men deepening and widening trench s on the right of the 4th parallel.
The enemy kept up a heavy fire of grape and shells, especially on the Cemetery.
At about 1.30 a.m. a heavy fire of musketry and artillery commenced in the direction of the Mamelon, but only lasted about 8 or 10 minutes.
Enemy heard driving piles or pickets near the Creek Battery. The work above the Cemetery was completely demolished, the splinter-proof covering for 35 feet was removed and thrown into the ditch and covered. A trench opened to the rear, so as not to afford cover to the enemy.
I beg to recommend Corporal Collins and Privates Muir, Goddard, Ford, and Eddy for zeal and hard labour at the above work, when under a heavy fire.
Killed, 2 rank and file. "Wounded, 1 officer, 19 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind E. by N. Thermometer in shade 82°.
Right Attack.
for this purpose had to be brought some distance in baskets, two Sappers and 80 men ; widening passages in Quarries, &c., two Sappers and 20 men ; communi cation to Quarries widened to 8 feet, &c., two Sappers and 100 men ; new left communication s in front of Egerton’s pit, one brigade of Sappers quarrying, boring, and blasting, and 20 men to assist in removing stone ; collecting and arranging ladders, gabions, stores, &c., in rear of Egerton’s pit, one Sapper and 30 men ; new' communication t in advance of third parallel, to widen to eight feet and deepen, two Sappers and 60 men ; communication from No. 9 to No. 14 batteries, to widen to eight feet, and improve cover, &c., tw'o Sappers and 40 men.
These working parties worked well, and I dismissed them at 2 a.m. I asked for some men at 4 a.m., and distributed them in the same positions.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind E. by N. Thermometer in shade 82°.
WOBKIUO PABTY. t!.,. < 1st relief, 200 men.
• ■ ' • 12d relief, 130 „ Sappers ... 60 men.
Officer on duty { M ^g t CnAPMAK " 20th
Ten men deepening cut from left of first parallel for communication to second parallel ; 30 men, No. 12, rebuilding revetment; 30 men carrying material, and assisting carpenters ; six men draining in second parallel ; 34 men, No. 13, cutting round traverse, revetting and thickening parapet ; 30 men, No. 15, building traverses, and excavating for battery ; 60 men w'itli blasting parties in different parts.
Large working parties w'ere observed at the right flank of the Tower.
1855.
June 23, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 AM.
3 r.M. to 7 r.M.
1855.
June 23, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 r.M. to 6 p.m.
7 f 1st relief, 300 men.
■ • • • l2d relief, 400 „ Sappers ... 20 men.
„ _ ( Capt. De Moleyks,
Officers on duty t R.E.
f Lieut. Fishee, R. E.
The Sappers were employed, 1st relief, one brigade quarrying in new trench s near Egerton’s pit e; one brigade superintending wmrks in Quarries and trenches in the vicinity ; one brigade of carpenters in repairs generally,
2d relief, one brigade superintending works in Quarries and trenches near ; one brigade superintending works in Right approaches, new' trench, near 8-gun battery, No. 9, and filling sandbags.
The Line w'ere employed :—
1st Relief.
60 men, new trench, Left sap.
60
communication to Quarries.
80
advanced Quarry trench.
40
trench near No. 9 battery.
30
improving Quarries.
30
9>
collecting tools, &e.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
311
Left Attack.
1855.
Tune 23, Night.
8i P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOEKIXO PAETT. Line .... 200 men.
Sappers . . 25 „
Officer on duty Capt, Aemit, R.E.
Embrasures in Nos. 10 aucl 11 batteries were revetted and deepened towards front; cover improved in No. 5 boyau and communication r to No 14 battery from No. 4 ; also in fourth parallel ; and traverses raised, and completed as as far as materials allowed, viz.—gabions, tools, and powder boxes ; rifle-pit u in Cemetery, partly filled up, one Sapper slightly hurt in doing it ; no other casualty. About 10 p.m. a violent torrent rushed down the Picquet-liouse ravine, and continued with violence until one o’clock.
"Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 83°. About 8 p.m. violent thunderstorm, with very heavy rain.
June 24, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 6 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . ... ^ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief, 150 „
57 men.
Capt. Penn*, R.E.
1st Relief.
1. Sixty men employed excavating ground for No. 15 mortar battery, and making traverse on right of No. 14 battery.
Right Attack.
2d Relief.
100 men, filling sandbags, Right advance.
100 „ improving Right approaches.
40 „ improving trench in rear of No. 9
battery.
60 „ communication to Quarries.
40 „ trench in Left sap.
40 „ improving Quarries.
20 „ clearing trenches.
The working parties worked well, and were not molested in any way by the enemy, who appeared to be working hard on the proper right of the Mala- koff Tower. The embrasures in the salient of the Tower have been closed, by being filled in with earth.
The enemy were likewise at work at the battery immediately in front of the large range of white buildings seen from the 21-gun battery.
, WOKKING FAETr.
1855. I Line .... 800 men.
June 23, Night. Sappers. . . 27 „
10 pm to 2 am f Lieut.G rattam, R.E.
Officers on duty -^Cagt. Wolseley, 90 th
New battery, No. 18, 300 gabions placed and filled and partly backed up on loft, ground on right very rocky, one brigade of Sappers, and 400 of the Line ; Quarries, Left advance, 50 men thickening parapet, repairing and cutting down passages in Quarries, 30 men ; communication to Quarry, four Sappers blasting, and 30 men improving cover ; new communication T from old advanced or third parallel, widening entrance, 80 men ; taking out gabions to new battery, No. 18, 150 men. After carrying out one gabion each, these 150 men were employed in the Russian trench on right of Quarries.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in the shade 83°. About 8 p.m. violent thunderstorm, with very heavy rain.
June 24, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
Working Party.
fist relief,300 men.
( 2d relief, 400 „
24 men.
( Lieut. Elphinstone, \ R.E.
1 Lieut. Somerville,
C. R.E.
1. Improving cover along tlie new trencli an, thrown! np last night, between the right rifle pit n and the Right advance, 1st relief, one brigade of Sappers and 105 men.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
312
Left Attack.
2. Ten men repairing traverse in No. 9 battery.
3. Twenty men repairing revetment, No. 12 battery, and covering in shell-room.
4. Thirty men, altering platforms in No. 13 battery and thickening parapet.
5. Ten men, employed at small-arm ammunition magazine on right of No. 10 battery.
6. Twenty men, assisting miners to improve cover on right of fourth parallel, and forming banquette.
2d Relief.
7. Sixty men, excavating ground for No. 15 mortar battery, and making traverse on the right of No. 14 battery.
8. Ten men, repairing traverse, No. 9 battery.
9. Ten men, repairing revetment in No. 12 battery, and covering in shell-room.
10. Thirty men altering platforms in No. 13 battery, thickening parapet, and making ramp.
11. Ten men at small-arm ammunition magazine, right of No, 10 battery.
12. Thirty men, carrying out timber to No. 13 battery for platforms, 13-inch mortar, and collecting spare tools.
Eight Attack.
2. Improving new approach to left of No. 9 battery, 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men.
3. Commencing a new battery extension of No. 14, between Nos. 9 and 14, for two guns, lower row of gabions placed, and filled with two feet (in height) of earth in rear ; 200 sandbags filled ready for use, 2d relief, half brigade of Sappers and 80 men.
4. New communication t from left of third parallel, increasing cover, and quarrying and blasting trench, 1st relief, one Sapper and 10 men, 2d relief, one Sapper and six men.
5. New communication s from Egerton’s rifle-pit H, blasting and quarrying trench and thickening parapet, 1st relief, half brigade of Sappers and 30 men, 2d relief, one Sapper and 14 men.
6. Advanced trench, front of Quarries, improving cover on the extreme right and left, and deepening trench and forming loop-holes, 1st relief, half brigade of Sappers and 50 men, 2d relief, half brigade of Sappers and 20 men.
7. Nearest Russian trench, improving cover, and forming steps and banquettes, commencing at the part nearest the Quarries, 1st relief, two Sappers and 20 men, 2d relief, two Sappers and 100 men.
8. Widening the trenches round the angles and turnings, and clearing the trenches of loose stone, &c., 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men, 2d relief, two Sappers and 20 men.
9. Carrying 300 gabions from the 21-gun battery and Egerton’s rifle-pit e to new battery No. 18, 2d relief, three Sappers and 120 men.
10. Carrying gabions, platform timbers, sandbags, nails, &c. from middle ravine to 21-gun battery, 2d relief, 20 men.
11. I regret to have to report that the detached working parties, two regiments, performed very little work during the 1st or morning relief ; twice on visiting these parties I found both men and noncommissioned officers fast asleep.
12. The enemy was very quiet during the day, apparently very few men about the works. A great quantity of gabions were shipped across the harbour, towards the rear of the Flagstaff battery.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
313
Lei t Attack.
Eight Attack.
l8S g ; Woekixo Party.
June 24, Night, j e) \ s . ' • • go men.
S P.M. to 2 A.M. 1 ojicer on ijutij Lieut! Doxxelly, K.E.
Fifty men, in tlie fourth parallel, improving the cover near the centre and revetting.
. Twenty-live men, repairing embrasures in No. 7.
25 men, No. 8, repairing embrasures.
25 ,, 10 ,,
2d „ 11
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day verv flue. Wind S.W. Thermometer in •shade 83°.
1855.
June 24, Night. 8 r.M. to 2i a.m.
Woekixo Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
720 men.
21 „
Capt. Seui.ky, K.E. Lieut. Harbah, R.E.
The Sappers were employed as follows :—
In general superintendence :
The Line, viz., 200 in the Russian trench, 50 in the Right and 50 in the Left advance ; 20 men collecting gabions ; 400 men constructing the new 8-gun battery, No. 18, in the left of Right advance. A considerable quantity of work to this last-mentioned battery was performed before the enemy commenced shelling us.
We left oft’ work at 2 ' 30" a.m. (daylight), having only lost one man.
I am desired to inform you that Lieut. Darrali has been told that the French suspect that the enemy are mining towards our advanced trenches, or running a new set of rifle-pits against them in a direction between the Malakoff and Redan.
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 11 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in shade” 83°.
1855.
June 25, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
2 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Pautv.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Miners . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 150 „
15 men.
21 „
Lieut. Gordox, K.E.
1855.
June 25, Say.
1st relief.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
6 A.M. to 8 A.M.
2d rcliefi 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
5 P.M. to 7 PM.
, * ( 250 men.
lstrdiet . . .
2d relief . . .{fJJJ™™-
run „„ f Lieut. Fisiier, R.E. Office! son duty [ Licllt- j AMESi n.j.;.
1st Relief.
The traverse in No. 2 mortar battery was repaired, and the magazine No. 2 in rear of No. 3 battery, being injured by a shell, was also repaired ; in No. 11 the sleepers of the platforms injured by the firing were taken up and replaced ; in No. 9 the traverse between Nos. 2 and 3 guns was repaired ; in No. 13 the revetment in front of mortars was continued, and No. 15 battery was carried on.
2d Relief.
The traverse in No. 2 mortar battery and the powder magazine in rear of No. 4 battery were repaired ; in No. 9, No. 3 gun, breeching ropes were laid in (the Alderson platform being removed, and a sliding platform being intended), and the breeching ropes for No. 4, No. 9 battery, lowered ; in No. 13 the revetment was continued, passages commenced around the rear of the mortar platforms,
1st Relief.
1. Old Russian trench, right of Quarries, deepening and widening trench for the improvement of cover, forming banquette, fee., half brigade of Sappers and 150 men.
2. Most advanced trench, right portion, deepening and widening trench throughout, thickening parapet, and improving cover, two Sappers and 50 men.
3. Most advanced trench, left portion, improving parapet and trench, as in right portion, also forming banquette, two Sappers and 50 men.
4. Battery No. 18 and communications, improving cover in rear, thickening and strengthening parapets, widening and deepening communications to the battery; the soil of these communications is good throughout; that of the battery rocky in parts, chiefly on all the right ; one brigade of Sappers and 100 men.
5. 2-gun battery, extension of No. 14 between Nos. 9 and 14, digging out earth in rear of commit-

314
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
and a ramp cut for the Royal Artillery ; in No. 15 the excavation for the four 10-incli mortars was continued.
The enemy scarcely fired a shot the whole day, and I did not observe any working parties, except at the landing place at the head of the Dockyard Creek, where they were busy with boats crossing over from the north side.
Right Attack.
nicatiou, and forming parapet in front of the first row of gabions and fascines, two Sappers and 80 men.
6. Clearing third parallel throughout, and throughout the boyaux on the right up to the 8-gun battery No. 9, two Sappers and 20 men.
7. Sentries over the different depots of tools and materials throughout the trenches, three Sappers.
2d Relief.
1. Old Russian trench right of the Quarries, forming good cover in the reverse of parapet, by deepening and widening trench, also strengthening parapet, three Sappers and 100 men.
2. Most advanced trench of Quarry, deepening trench, both right and left, forming banquettes and sandbag loopholes, two carpenters and 100 men.
3. No. 18 battery, excavating in rear of battery, and strengthening parapet, one brigade of Sappers and 100 men.
4. Communication from rear with No. 18 battery, widening and deepening communications to afford good cover, 50 men.
5. 2-gun battery, extension of No. 14, between Nos. 9 and 14, excavating in roar, throwing up earth on parapets, also levelling it on top, two carpenters and 30 men.
6. Clearing trenches, also repairing a portion of parapet which has been shot away in the third parallel, two Sappers and 20 men.
7. Sentries over tools and materials in the various depots in the trenches, three Sappers.
I have to report that I had great difficulty in procuring the working party required, both for the morning and afternoon reliefs. On neither occasion did the party taken from the guard of the trenches parade at the hour requested.
It will be seen by the report that on neither occasion did a portion of the working party work more than two hours. I believe this to have been partly occasioned by the death of Lieut. March, 33d Regiment, adjutant of the trenches, who was shot in the early part of the evening.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
315
Left Attack.
1855.
June 25, Night.
7 r.M. to 2 a.ji.
Working Party.
Line .... 220 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Beeson, R.E.
No. 10 battery, altering the direction of the cheeks of Nos. 1 and 4 embrasures, and in No. 11 battery revetting the cheeks of No. 1 embrasure with hurdles placed inside gabions ; cleaning up the boyaux of approach from second to third parallel ; improving the cover of the fourth parallel to the right of the centre place-of-arms d, and working at the new trench v, in front of the advanced lines. I did not extend this trench, as there was so little cover in part of what had been already commenced. I had told off a working party for the Cemetery, but found it was unoccupied by our troops. The general declined sending a covering party there, having received notification from General Simpson that it was to bo abandoned. I did not therefore insist upon a working party of the Line going there. I, however, went down with a few Sappers, and commenced to destroy the Russian ambuscade u, but there being an alarm that the enemy was in front, and feeling my utterly helpless position, without sentries or guard of any sort, 1 soon withdrew the party. I believe the French were occupying one or two of the old houses.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in shade 87°.
June 26, Say.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line ....
Sailors . . . Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
$ 1st relief, 150 men. 1 2d relief, 150 „
30 men.
{
54 „
Major Chapman, 20th Rest.
1st Relief.
Thirty Sappers blasting in the third and fourth parallels and approaches ; one corporal and 80 men assisting to clear trenches where blasted ; first parallel, one Sapper and 10 men collecting old spikes and stores, and conveying them to No. 5 battery ; No. 9 battery, two Sappers and 20 men repairing
Right Attack.
1855.
June 25 , Night.
10 P.M. to 2} A.M. (Special party)
8 p.m. to 2 A.M.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
Special party 400 men. 1st relief, 300 men.
2d relief, 200 „
20 men.
Capt. De Moleyns, R.E.
Major Campbell, 46th . Regiment.
The Sappers were employed, both reliefs—
One brigade in new battery’No. 18.
Half brigade in new battery on left of No. 9 battery, No. 14.
Half brigade converting Russian trenches into a parallel.
Half brigade employed as sentries, and collecting tools, &c.
The Line were employed—
Special party of 400 men in new battery No. 18.
1st Relief.
One hundred and fifty men, Russian trench.
Eighty men, advanced Quarry trench.
Fifty men, battery No. 14, on left of No. 9.
Twenty men, clearing trenches, &c.
2d Relief.
One hundred men, new battery No. 18.
One hundred men, Russian trench.
Fifty men, battery No. 14, on left of No. 9.
Fifty men, carrying stones, &e.
The working parties worked well, and were scarcely annoyed at all by the enemy, and there was only one casualty.
The general of the trenches was applied to for a working party of 400 men, but stated that he was unable to give more than 300.
Killed, 2 rank and flic. Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in the shade 87°.
June 26, Say.
4 A.JI. to 8 A.JI.
3 F.JI. to 7 p.ji.
Line
Working Party.
( 1st relief, 400 men.
‘ ' 12d relief, 200 „ Sappers ... 26 men.
CLieut. Gbaiiaji, K.E. Officers on duty f Cant. Wolseley, 90tli l Regt.
1st Relief.
One hundred men in the new advanced parallel; 50 men in Left advance ; 50 men in Right advance of Quarries till 6 A.H., after which they were employed at No. 18 ; 50 men at new 2-gun portion on right of No. 14 battery ; 30 men repairing trenches; 20 men carrying stones ; 100 men at No. 18 from 6 to 8 a.ji.
K H 2

316
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
traverse anil revetment to Nos. 3 and 4 embrasures ; No. 13, one Sapper and 20 men widening passage in rear of 13-inch mortars; No. 14, four Sappers and 20 men building traverse on right, and rebuilding right merlon and revetting embrasure of same; one Sapper and 30 sailors covering in a magazine and repairing traverse in No. 2 ; 12 Sappers as carpenters building magazine in second parallel, repairing and relaying platforms ; two Sappers in charge of tools.
2d Relief.
One hundred and fifty men were employed in a similar manner, except the blasting party, 36 of whom worked in the first parallel, rebuilding two traverses, and covering in two magazines in No. 3. I observed large convoys coming in on the north side of the harbour.
Memo.
The general commanding in chief of the French army having notified his intention to the Field- Marshal to establish a post on the Mamelon Vert, u, at the entrance of the Picquet-house ravine, this night, it is therefore desirable that the English should establish themselves in the Cemetery, with u view to protect the right flank of the French, and to prevent the possibility of the Russians passing to the rear, and turning the French post by moving across the Cemetery.
It is therefore necessary that the post u in the Cemetery be re-occupied this night, and constructed in such a manner as will afford protection and cover to a small party throughout the day and night.
Colonel Chapman will examine and report whether a safe and easy communication by day can be made, or whether it may be necessary to have the party stationed in the Cemetery the whole 24 hours, taking their rations with them, of course.
It is considered that an officer with 15 or 20 men will be quite sufficient to maintain the post.
Colonel Chapman or Major Bent will put themselves in communication with the general officer commanding in the trenches this night, and apply for such number of men as they may consider necessary for a covering party and support in case of being attacked.
Right Attack.
2d Relief.
One hundred and fifty men, No. 18 battery; 30 men, No. 14, new 2-gun portion ; 20 men carrying stones; 90 men in new parallel.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
317
Left Attack.
The working party required to be taken from the ordinary working party in the trenches.
It is expected, if the night should he favourable, the work should be put in a defensible state by daylight to-morrow morning.
(Signed) E. F. Bourchiek,
Brigade Major,
Royal Engineers.
By order.
1855.
[June 26, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Parti-.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 men.
Officer on (hit// Lieut. Xevii,le, R.E.
One Sapper and 3d men thickening the parapet on the right of No. 10 battery ; one Sapper and 35 men thickening and revetting parapet between batteries 8 and 14 ; five Sappers and 10 men cutting ramps at No. 15 battery ; two Sappers and 50 men improving cover in boyaux Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 ; two Sappers and 30 men indenting parapet with old gabions near place-of-arms d in fourth parallel.
One Sapper and 30 men improving cover in trench v on the left of the fourth parallel.
The French troops held the Green Mound u above the Cemetery.
The enemy fired very little during the night.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 78°.
Right Attack.
1855.
June 26, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party. Line .... 687 men.
Sappers ... 23 „
Officers on duty
Lieut. Elphinstonb, R.E.
Lieut. Somerville,
. R.E.
1. New battery No. 18, thickening parapet, front and rear, and excavating magazine, carrying down timbers, &c., one brigade of Sappers and one do. of carpenters, and 400 men.
2. Two-gun battery No. 14, between Nos. 9 and 14, thickening parapet, widening the terrepleine, and improving communication to it from No. 9, three Sappers and 50 men.
3. The excavation for a small-arm ammunition magazine near No. 9 battery (in the epaulment of the old two field-piece battery) was completed, and the timber carried down, but not placed, ground very rocky, one Sapper and 16 men.
4. Improving the trenches along the Right advance, and widening them, two Sappers and 66 men.
5. Deepening the new approach t in front of left of third parallel, and heightening parapet so as to defilade it from the Redan, and generally widening the trenches in advance of this to eight feet, one Sapper and 50 men.
6. Old Russian trench ; the Russian barrels were removed from the parapet, and placed to revet our side of the same, along one half of its length ; there was some trouble in obtaining them, as they were covered by at least two and a half feet of earth ; three Sappers and 20 men.
7. Advanced trench, a party employed in improving the extreme right and left portions ; on the right 12 gabions were placed and filled in continuation of the old line; the ground is rock with no surface soil ; all the earth had to be carried in baskets ; three Sappers and 80 men.
8. All the separate pieces of the iron chevaux-de- frise were collected, and carried to the depot in

318
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Egerton’s rifle-pit e, likewise all spare tools and gabions, one Sapper and five men.
9. The enemy shelled the working party in battery No. 18 rather severely towards midnight, without, however, doing any damage. A large working party seemed to be busily employed with picks and shovels inside the Redan or to its real'.
10. I have to report that the working party arrived very irregularly, and some time beyond the appointed hour. None but the special party of 400 men commenced work until about 10 o’clock, and the majority not until 11 p.m. Although I asked for 400 men, I merely obtained 187 men.
This morning, likewise, the working party were late. Merely one half the men had arrived when I left the battery at half past 5 o’clock.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N. Thermometer in shade 78°.
1855.
June 27, Bay,
CA.M.tolOA.M,
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Pasty.
Line . . , .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief, 114 „
58 men.
Capt. Penn, R.A.
1st Relief.
1. Forty men employed in No. 15 battery, excavating for mortar platforms.
2. Ten men assisting miners making passage round traverses on left of No. 15 battery.
3. Ten men filling in the right traverses of No. 14 battery.
4. Twenty-five men thickening parapet on right of No. 10 battery.
5. Twenty-five men thickening between Nos. 8 and 14 batteries.
6. Twenty men assisting miners making banquette to parapet at indented portions in fourth parallel.
7. Fifteen men making passage in rear of platforms, No. 13 battery.
8. Five men employed to cover over the passage of magazine at right angle of No. 7 battery.
9. Thirty-eight miners employed on right and left v of the fourth parallel, and in No. 1 boyau.
10. Three carpenters employed in No. 13 battery, laying platform for 13-incli mortar, and repairing 10- inch mortar platform.
11. Four carpenters employed clearing reserve magazine in 2d parallel.
1855.
June 27, Bay.
4 A.H. to 8 A.H.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party. Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officers on duty
The Sappers were employed, viz., carpenters in laying and repairing platforms ; half brigade of Sappers in battery No. 18 ; the remainder distributed in general superintendence of the works.
The Line were employed as follows :—
150 men in No. 18 battery.
50 men in No. 19 battery.
50 men, 25 at each end of the Quarry advance.
50 men, right approach from 21-gun battery, widening trenches.
50 men in the Russian trench.
20 men clearing up trenches, of stores, &c.
30 men from old advanced work, widening new communication t.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
319
Left Attack.
12. Two carpenters making trestles to block up cut in the first parallel.
Miners and carpenters worked from 4 o’clock till 12 o’clock noon.
2d Relief.
13. Sixty men employed in No. 15 battery, excavating for mortar platforms.
14. Twenty-five men thickening parapet on right of No. 10 battery.
15. Fifteen men employed making passage in rear of No. 13 batttery.
16. Five men employed to cover over magazine at right angle of No. 7 battery.
17. Fourteen men employed filling in traverses, No. 14 battery.
1855.
June 27, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Parti - .
Line .... 127 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Amur, R.E.
Two traverses in the old Russian pit k in the Cemetery were commenced, and completed to the height of 6^ feet.
Good cover made for the occupation of troops by day, and a good parapet made in the cut facing the creek.
A traverse completed in rear of the left place-of- arms e 2 , 4tli parallel, and cover improved in zigzag from No. 7 battery to 4tli parallel.
The enemy tired a good deal at the Cemetery, but caused only two casualties.
A small fire was observed in the centre of the town about 2 a. si.
I have to recommend the party of 20 men, 1st Royals, that were employed in the Cemetery, for great diligence.
"Wounded, 3 rank and Hie.
Forenoon showery. Afternoon tine. Wind N. Thermometer in sun 75°.
Memo.
Left Attack, 28th June 1855.
With reference to Commanding Royal Engineer’s instructions of yesterday, respecting establishing a post in the Cemetery, I obtained last night a covering party of 150 men from the field officer on duty in the trenches.
The officer in command of this party was in communication with the French in the Cemetery, and threw
Right Attack.
1855.
Tune 27, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Parti - .
Line .... 800 men.
Sappers ... 28 „
Officers on duty
A special working party of 400 was told off, and a further party of 400 was demanded from out of the guard of the trenches.
Quarry advanced trench on right :—this trench was extended to the right in prolongation to the extent of 2G gabions, which were ull tilled, though not in the usual manner, by digging a trench in rear.
The moon was so bright that the party was clearly visible to the enemy, who fired shells and grape, but with little effect.
The mode of advancing adopted was to wait till the moon was slightly over-clouded, then the gabions were quickly placed a few at a time, and the earth brought from the rear afterwards to fill them. The soil here was found to be not so unfavourable as was anticipated, and in a darker night good cover might easily be obtained. 5 Sappers and 30 men.
Old Russian trench, 1 brigade of Sappers and 250 men. This party were employed in widening and deepening the trench, and taking out the barrels placed by the Russians as revetment, and transferring them to our side ; 39 of the barrels were removed, and consequently our parapet revetted for about 30 yards, in addition to what has already been done. A portion of the men were also employed in making steps for banquette, and a portion of the left of the trench is now in very good order. At the re-entering angle c of the trench (looking at it as our -work), an

320
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
out liis sentries along the old line of Russian rifle-pits, by which arrangement he effectually secured the right flank of the French from being turned.
I found that the readiest w r ay to place the post in the Cemetery in a defensible state was to occupy the site of the Russian ambuscade n, close to the trench leading from it to the Vineyard by a loop-hole d parapet, to construct two traverses to defilade against the Flagstaff batteries, to cut a new communication into the post at the side facing the caves, and throw' down a portion of the screen from which the Russian riflemen used to fire at our advanced trenches.
I do not anticipate any great difficulty in making a safe and easy communication down to this post ; but from the distance, and rocky nature of the soil, several days must elapse before it w r ill be completed ; it will therefore be advisable for the party holding the Cemetery to take post therein before daylight, and remain there until nightfall.
(Signed) G. Bent,
Major, R.E.
Memo.
Forwarded for the information of the Major-General Commanding, with reference to his orders of yesterday, -which Lieut.-Colonel Chapman did not receive until a late hour, when he found that Major Bent had carried them out.
The ground throughout is very rocky, and will require several nights’ work to form good cover, especially as the nights are short, and the moon very bright.
The field officer on duty has received instructions to place a party of 20 men in this post, and to hold it during the day.
(Signed) F. E. Chapman,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.
28tli June 1855.
Right Attack.
opening wns broken through the parapet, and a trench commenced leading into the same work, so as to open out our front; this was 50 yards in length, and revetted with the casks taken from the old work in rear.
The casks were all filled, but we were unable to deepen our trench sufficiently to obtain much cover, the ground being very hard, though not apparently containing much rock.
Communication o with Quarries from the rear, two Sappers and 20 men. These men were employed in widening this trench, and throwing up the earth on the reverse side, as a protection from the Garden Batteries.
No. 18 battery, half brigade of Sappers, one brigade of carpenters, and 300 men. These men were divided as follows :—
180 men excavating for the terrepleine of the battery, and throwing up the earth to form the parapet, and 40 widening and deepening the approaches to the battery from the rear.
Improving Right communication, one Sapper and 140 men ; all the trenches from the old Right advance to the rear unproved and widened. The traverse near the magazine, which formerly was the general’s hut, was removed, and a passage of eight feet made round.
2-gun battery, No. 14, left of No. 9, the parapet was continued, the earth being excavated from the bank in rear.
It is now of a good thickness, and tolerably levelled in rear of the gabions. One Sapper and 50 men.
Expense small-arm ammunition magazine was commenced, and is now ready for the placing of the splinter-proof timbers, which will be done this morning, 10 men.
Sentries over the different depots of tools and materials, 3 Sappers.
The enemy fired a number of shells, as well as several rounds of grape, both at the working parties and (the former) into the Quarries ; however, the casualties were very slight, considering the number of rounds fired. They proceeded principally from the low batteries on the proper left of the Redan. I am not aware whether mortar shells have been fired before from these batteries. They fired an excellent light-ball into our Right advanced trench at 1.30 a.m., but we had no working parties there. They did not

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
321
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
fire a shot near the working party in No. 18 battery, though they fired continually at the French on our right. Some of the embrasures of the 21-gun battery appeared damaged by the rain, which fell heavily at about 2 a.m.
I met with every assistance in procuring the working party from the adjutant of the trenches (34th Regiment). He was most prompt in parading the working party at the hour required.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 19 rank and file.
Forenoon showery. Afternoon fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 75°.
1S55.
Jane 28, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 p.M. to 7 r.M.
WoBKisa Parti - .
Line ....
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 120 men.
2d relief, 120 „
5S men.
Lieut. Doxnelly, R.E.
^ 1st Relief.
Sixty men in No. 15 mortar battery, excavating and thickening the parapet; 35 men thickening the parapet between Nos. 8 and 14 batteries.'
Thirty-five men thickening parapet on the right of No. 10.
Twenty men making screen to sallyport on left of first parallel.
2d Relief.
The same number of men employed as during 1st relief.
Sappers employed blasting, laying platforms in No. 15 battery, and in general superintendence.
Two mines were exploded in front of the Flagstaff Battery at about 4 p.m.
Working Party.
Line .... S50 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
^Capt. Dk Moletns,
Officers on duty ] MajorCAMruELl., 16th k Regt.
The Sappers were employed as follows :—
Half brigade, No. 18 battery, excavation progressing ; about two feet of earth above the gabions already thrown up ; half brigade in new battery on left of No. 9 (No. 14), clearing parapet for upper row of gabions ; excavation for magaziue commenced this afternoon ; half brigade of Sappers converting old Russian trcucli into fourth parallel.
The carpenters were employed—
One brigade, No. 13 battery, excavating for magazine ; excavation just completed.
One brigade, new battery, on left of No. 9 (No. 14), laying platforms ; the sleepers for one platform and about half the sheeting laid.
The Line were employed—
100 men, No. 18 battery.
50 „ battery on left of No. 9 (No. 14).
50 ,, widening Right approaches.
110 „ converting Russian trench into fourth
parallel.
20 „ improving entrance to Quarries.
20 „ advanced Quarry trench.
Twenty miners were employed in the trench s, made to avoid Egerton’s pit e.
The working parties worked well; they were somewhat annoyed near the Quarries by the enemy’s mortars, but I am not aware of any casualties.
A working party of 400 was applied for, but only 350 were furnished ; and I would suggest that the parties should be ordered to ’parade in the places pointed out by the officer of engineers at the ap-
1855.
Tune 28, Day.
3 r.M. to 7 r.M.

322
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 100 men.
Sappers ... 22 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, KJ3.
Thirty-two meu were employed in prolonging the new trench v in front of the caves ; 20 men in the Russian pit t, making good the lodgment.
Twenty men at the trench x leading down into the ravine from the caves ; 20 men at the bottom of this trench working upwards.
The work performed by the first-named party was not so satisfactory as the others, on account of the rocky nature of the ground.
The enemy did not fire very much, the casualties being only three wounded.
A party of one sergeant and 10 men are told off to hold the lodgment in the Russian pit t.
The French worked at some rifle screens in the Cemetery and Green knoll.
Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Gay very fine. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 72°.
1855.
June 28, Wight,
7 p.m. to 2 a.m.
Working Party.
June 29, Day,
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 6J P.M.
Line .. . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief, 150 „
56 men.
Capt. Beison, K.E.
Thickening the parapet and levelling the terre- pleine of the trench to the right of No. 10 battery ; thickening the parapet between Nos. 8 and 14 batteries ; continuing No. 15 battery, by excavating towards the rear, and thickening the parapet.
A party was employed blasting in the new trench v, left of fourth parallel, in front of the advanced caves, and various small parties were employed blasting in the other parts of the advance. The cut between Nos. 4 and 5 batteries was also improved for the passage of guns to the front.
pointed hour, instead of falling in at that hour, and then marching to the works, by which means a delay of half-an-hour constantly occurs, as was the case this day with the party for No. 18 battery.
1855.
June 28, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 800 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
("Lieut. Graham. E.E. Officers on duty < Capt. Wolseley, 90th (. Kegt.
No. 18 battery, 400 men throwing up earth from the double row of trenches in rear, and from the front, excavating magazine, widening the communications on left, carrying and filling sandbags ; communications of Right advance, 50 men widening and deepening trenches where required ; No. 14 battery, 50 men carrying up earth, and raising parapet between Nos. 14 and 9 batteries, so as to be fit for guns ; excavating for magazine ; Quarries (new), fourth parallel, 200 men raising parapet from the right of the work previously done ; the Russian tubs from the outside were taken out, and used for the revetment ; communication in rear of Quarries, 70 men widening and deepening the trench ; Right advance, 30 men making trench in rear of gabions placed last night ; ground strong, but practicable ; Left advance eight Sappers blasting.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 20 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 72°.
June 29, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers .
1st relief, 400 men.
2d relief, 368 „
28 men.
'Lieut. Elphinstonk,
Officers on duty i X/ieut. Somerville, (. K.E.
1. 21-gun battery, revetting the cheeks of three embrasures which had been injured by the heavy rains, 2d relief, one Sapper and 15 men.
2. Battery No. 18, thickening parapet, earth at present about three feet six inches above the top of gabions ; right magazine, commenced to lay frames and splinter proofs ; Left advance, excavation completed ; 1st relief, one brigade of Sappers and 100 men, 2d relief, half brigade of Sappers, two brigades of carpenters, and 100 men.
3. 2-gun battery No. 14, between Nos. 9 and 14, thickening parapet, placing and picqueting a row of fascines and a second row of gabions, and filling the latter; magazine excavation half completed; the second

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL..
323
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
platform commenced to be laid ; 1st relief, two Sappers and 50 men, 2d relief, two Sappers, one brigade of carpenters, and 50 men.
4. Communication leading from the rear to No. 9 battery, widening the trenches to eight feet at bottom, and thickening the parapet, 400 lineal feet completed, 1 st and 2d reliefs, one Sapper and 50 men.
5. Approach to right rifle-pit n, widening trenches to eight feet at bottom, 2d relief, one Sapper and teu men.
6. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, widening trench to eight feet at bottom, building steps, and thickening parapet ; only six men were placed in the new trench in front of the old Russian rifle-pit c, the cover being very bad still, and soil very rocky ; 1st relief, one Sapper and 120 men, 2d relief,, one Sapper and 54 men.
7. Extreme Right advance (Quarries), thickening parapet, and carrying earth in baskets from the rear, blasting and quan’ying to deepen trench, 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men, 2d relief, one Sapper and ten miners.
8. Communication in rear of Quarries, increasing width of trench to eight feet, 200 lineal feet completed, quarrying stone and blasting to obtain more cover, 1st relief, one Sapper, and 60 men, 2d relief, two Sappers and ten miners.
9. Carrying 50 gabions from the different depots to the extreme advance in front of Quarries, 2d relief, one Sapper and 20 men.
10. I have again to report that the adjutant of the trenches did not meet me at 7 a.m. in the Quarries, as directed by General Order. After waiting until halfpast seven, I went all over the trenches in search of him. Lieut. Somerville at length found him near No. 9 battery. I beg to remark that it is quite impossible for one of our officers to perform his duty satisfactorily if he is constantly obliged to seek all over the trenches for the adjutant.
11. I understand that the men of the Highland brigade have received orders not on any account to take off their accoutrements whilst at work in the trenches. I think that if the men were permitted to do so, excepting when at work at night in the advanced trenches, it would not only save them from unnecessary fatigue, but likewise expedite the work. During this hot weather it is perfectly impossible for
s s 2

324
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Working Party.
l ®55. Line .... 150 men.
Tune 29, Nights /Sappers . . . 25 „
8 P.M. to 2 A.H. 0H .(Major t C,i A PMAN, 20th
No. 9 battery, two Sappers and ten men rebuilding and revetting embrasure No. 4 gun ; fourth parallel, two Sappers and ten men deepening trench and raising screen parapet for blasters.
Three Sappers and 40 men extending trench v to left towards the Cemetery.
Two Sappers and 20 men building wall from communication x to caves ; two Sappers and 30 men cutting trench x up hill to meet the same ; three Sappers and 20 men deepening and clearing out passages in Cemetery, filling the gabions and tubs in traverses ; one Sapper and 20 men improving trench on right of Cemetery t, replacing gabions, &c.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in shade 72°.
Right Attack.
a man to work in a buttoned-up coat surmounted by the weight of his accoutrements.
12. It is unfortunate that trucks cannot be added to the gun-carriages in No. 13 battery ; the gun platforms are getting quite destroyed.
1855.
Tune 29, Might.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
800 men.
24 ..
(Lieut. Fisher, R.E. t Lieut. James, K.E.
A special working party of 400 was provided, and a further party of 400 was furnished from the guard of the trenches.
1. Left advanced trench r ; this work was extended on the right, and the trench already commenced straightened ; in consequence of the lightness of the night we were unable to work continuously or in any numbers, as the enemy fired both shell and grape constantly ; we, however, succeeded in placing and filling nine gabions, besides improving the trench commenced on the night of the 27th instant; half brigade of Sappers and 50 men.
2. Short Russian trench ; we succeeded in removing from this trench the whole of the gabions and barrels placed by the enemy as revetment, which we brought into our trenches, and employed on our own works ; they amounted to—
127 gabions.
92 barrels.
Working party, two Sappers and 50 men.
3. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, the reversing of this parapet was continued ; the soil was found to be in most places excessively bad ; the Russians in forming their work here were obliged to make it almost entirely a superstructure, consequently I was unable to avail myself of the old revetment, as the removal of it would destroy the only cover we had ; accordingly, I revetted one side with Russian gabions and barrels, so as to gain a sufficient cover for day work ; six Sappers and 200 men. I am in hopes that there is now sufficient cover for men to work by day along at least 100 running yards of trench. As the trench is deepened we may be enabled to withdraw the outer barrels, and possibly remove the upper ones from the interior revetment.
4. No. 18 battery, seven Sappers and 350 men ; of this party 80 men were employed in front of the battery throwing up earth to form the parapet, and 30 levelling on the top; the remaining 240 were em-

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
325
Lkft Attack.
Right Attack.
ployed in rear, excavating, and employing two rows of shovellers to throw up the earth.
5. 2-gun portion, left of No. 9, one Sapper and 50 men. This party was employed in procuring earth from the rear, and throwing it up to strengthen the parapet.
6. Left advance, one Sapper and 50 men employed in excavating round the traverses in this trench, so as to widen the passage.
7. Carrying stores, 50 men. These men were employed in carrying up platform timbers and other stores from the ravine to the depot in the 21-gun battery.
8. Sentries at the various depots of tools and materials in the trenches, three Sappers.
The enemy shelled the Quarries and advanced trenches during the whole night. Several men were wounded ; of the working party I believe only three, and not whilst exposed in the work.
The grape which was fired fortunately had no effect on our working parties.
Killed, 1 officer, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 18 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.W. Thermometer in shade 70°.
1855.
Tune 30, Say.
4 a. if. to 8 A.M.
SJ p.m. to 7i p.m.
f 1st relief, 150 men.
(2d relief, 400 „
59 men.
Lieut. Neville, II.11.
Sappers
Officer on duty
Working Paktt.
1855.
r . 11st relief, 400 men.
Line .... re i iefi 400 „
Sappers ... 20 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Darraii, li.K.
Jane 30, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
(1st relief, 400 men.
1 st Relief.
1st Relief.
One Sapper and 30 men at No. 14 battery, carrying barrels and revetting parapet.
One Sapper and 20 men, l ight of No. 10 battery, carrying barrels and revetting parapet.
No. 18 battery, five Sappers and 100 men, who were employed excavating and throwing earth over parapet. No marks having been left, it was impossible to find out the number of cubic feet excavated.
Ten men employed with the blasting party on the right of fourth parallel.
Twenty men employed excavating between batteries 14 and 15.
No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 50 men employed throwing earth over parapet; performed a fair quantit of work.
One Sapper and 20 men employed carrying barrels to No. 9 battery, and revetting.
Left approach, one Sapper and 50 men widening trench and passages round traverses.
One Sapper and 30 men, thickening parapet between 8 and 14 batteries.
Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, three Sappers and 150 men widening and deepening.
One Sapper and 20 men at No. 10 battery, thickening parapet on the right.
Advanced trench it, on Left, one Sapper and 25 men widening and deepening.
2d Relief.
Thirty-two Sappers employed blasting in the fourth parallel, and on the right of third parallel.
No. 18 battery ; picquets were left here, to show the amount of excavation to the officer relieving ; widening communication in rear, four Sappers and 150 men.
Ten carpenters employed at Nos. 15 and 16 batteries, and at the reserve magazine in the second parallel.

326
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
2d Relief.
The parties were employed as in the 1st relief.
Two holes driven in the rock across the communication from the first to second parallel.
The Russians opened a mortar from their right flank of the Redan on No. 3 mortar battery, Left attack, also three Coeliorns from the salient on the Quarries.
A new gun battery opened in the direction of No. 7 battery from the second line of retrenchment behind the Garden batteries.
Large parties observed during the day carrying up powder boxes, &c. to the second line of re-intrench- ment.
A convoy arrived in the middle of the day.
1855.
June 30, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Pasty.
Line .... 160 men.
Sappers ... 23 „
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, R.A.
1. Twenty men rebuilding Nos. 1 and 3 embrasures, No. 11 battery, and repairing No. 4 embrasure.
2. Thirty men repairing left traverse in fourth parallel, and the indented parapet on the right, and deepening trench.
3. Thirty-five men employed to deepen and widen trench, and improving cover of communication v in front of caves.
4. Twenty-five men employed building stone wall of communication in rear of caves, and excavating trench x at foot of hill.
5. Twenty men, deepening passage in lodgment of Cemetery, and thickening parapet, and improving cut to the ravine on Left.
6. Twenty men, improving cover and deepening trench on the right of lodgment t.
7. Carpenters laying platforms in No. 15 battery; right platform finished, and ground prepared for the next.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
No. 19 battery, two Sappers and 30 men ; magazine two-thirds finished.
Carrying up stores from the ravine, one Sapper and 20 men ; the stores being brought up to the 21-gun battery.
Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, two Sappers and 150 men. In consequence of the stony nature of the ground, and the fire of the enemy, part of this working party were withdrawn, and employed placing casks in another portion of the trench.
Party carrying up damaged ladders, one Sapper and 25 men.
Four Sappers were employed as sentries. It was reported to me that five Russians had been seen tracing works between the Malakoff Tower and the Redan.
185S.
June 30, Niglit.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
10 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Wobking Pabty.
Line . . .
Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
fist relief, 400 men.
12d relief, 400 „
20 men.
Capt. De Moieyns, K.E.
Major Campbell, 46th Regt.
1. No. 18 battery, one brigade of Sappers and 400 men, special working party, excavating in rear, and throwing up earth on parapet ; parapet now about seven feet high the whole length, and nearly the required thickness; no embrasures have as yet been cut nor platforms laid.
2. Old Russian trench, half brigade of Sappers and 250 men, 1st relief, converting it into fourth parallel, forming steps, and revetting one side with ban-els, &c.
3. Middle Russian trench, half brigade of Sappers and 75 men, 1st relief, forming lodgment, steps, and improving cover.
4. Advanced Quan-y trench, half brigade of Sappers and 25 men, 1st relief, filling gabions previously placed on right, and improving cover.
5. Battery No. 14, on left of No. 9, one Sapper and 25 men, 1st relief, excavating for magazine.
6. Left approach, one Sapper and 25 men, 1st relief, improving and widening round traverses.
The working parties worked very well during the time they were actually on the spot, but great delay was occasioned by the special working party missing the field officer, and coming down at different times in various parties. 200 of them (the Guards and Highlanders) not knowing the way, proceeded to the left of the 21-gun battery, and were not discovered

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
32 /
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
to be there until past 12 o’clock; they however worked till past three.
I myself arranged with the adjutant of the trenches last night that the 2d relief should parade at 4 o’clock in the Quarries, and at that hour Major Campbell was on the spot with Sappers to guide them to their respective working places. They were not, however, to be found ; and when, after considerable delay, they were got together, and actually marching to the works, an order was brought from the field officer of the trenches, changing the detail of regiments ; consequently at 5.30 this morning the 2d relief had not commenced working in No. 18 battery, and I am therefore unable to include them in this report.
I would beg leave to state that it is perfectly impossible for the officers of the engineers to perform their duties properly unless the strictest attention is paid by the proper officers to the orders regarding the hours for the working parties. At present half the time of the engineer officers is taken up in running about the trenches, endeavouring to get their parties at something near the proper time.
The enemy shelled a great deal during the night, but I am not aware of any casualties among the working parties.
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 13 rank and file.
There are a great number of casualties in the Quarries, more especially at the hour for relieving the guards of the trenches. The detachments, instead of following the bottom of the ravine, ascend to the high ground above, from whence they are seen by the enemy when filing into the trenches; and, allowing time for them to reach the Quarries, they commence firing when the old and new guards are closely packed in the trenches. The Coehorns which throw shells from the Redan also do a great deal of mischief; and the grape fired from mortars at a high angle of elevation fall nearly perpendicularly into the trenches, and have killed men in them. It must be observed that these balls are much heavier than those recommended by Carnot.
The enemy’s light-balls, which bum for half an hour, cause great delay in the execution of our work, as the enemy keep up a sharp fire of grape and shells upon the spot where they discover workmen.
The barrels, although small, which have been taken from the Russian trenches make an excellent revetment; it is supposed that they are flour barrels.
II. D. Jones,
Major-General,
Commanding R.K.

328
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Reports from the Look-out Station.
lass. The work in the two boyaux in front of the Right attack has proceeded satisfactorily, and June 24. the men are now enabled to work during daylight.
The Russians appear to have thrown up some earth-work near the white wall to the left of the Redan.
June 26. Nothing extraordinary in our front during the past 24 hours.
Ninety waggons with gabions arrived in the north camp yesterday.
The Russians still at work upon the battery in front of the large barracks.
June 27. A large number of carts arrived yesterday with gabions. In the course of the day a carriage arrived, accompanied by out-riders, which appeared to cause some sensation.
June 29. The enemy appear to be working in front of our new trench, but the exact work is not at present apparent.
GENERAL ORDER.
June 28. No. 1. The Field-Marshal has the satisfaction of publishing to the army the following extract of a telegraphic despatch from Lord Panmure, dated 22d June :—•
“I have Her Majesty’s commands to express Her grief that so much bravery should not have been rewarded with merited success, and to assure Her brave troops that Her Majesty’s confidence in them is entire.”
MORNING GENERAL ORDERS.
June 29. No. 1. It becomes my most painful duty to announce to the army the death O f its beloved commander, Field-Marshal Lord Raglan, G.C.B., which melancholy event took plncc last night about 9 o’clock.
No. 2. In the absence of Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown, the command of the forces devolves on me, being the next senior officer present, until further orders from England.
No. 3. Generals of divisions and heads of departments will be pleased to conduct the respective duties as heretofore.
(Signed) James Simpson,
Lieutenant-General.
July 2. The Lieutenant-General commanding the forces hastens to publish to the army the following telegraphic despatch, received last night from the Minister for War, dated 30th June :—
“ I conveyed your sad intelligence to the Queen. Her Majesty received it with profound grief. Inform the army that Her Majesty has learnt with the deepest sorrow this great misfortune which has befallen the army, in the loss of its late distinguished Commander-in-Chief.
“ The country has been deprived of a brave and accomplished soldier, a true and devoted patriot, and an honourable and disinterested subject.”
It will afford satisfaction to the army to be informed of the sympathy of our allies in the heavy loss we have sustained by the death of our great commander.
By order,
(Signed) W. L. Pakeniiam,
Lieutenant-Colonel, A.A.G.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
329
BRIGADE ORDERS.
X855.
June 22 . Par. No. 1. Lieut. Stopford, R.E., having quitted this command, ■will be left out of all returns from this date.
Par. No. 2. The Major-General requests Lieut. Stopford will accept his best thanks for the zeal and intelligence he has displayed in the formation of the establishment, and completing the arrangements necessary for the organization of the field electric telegraph, which has been most satisfactorily carried out under his superintendence.
(Signed) E. F. Bourcijier,
B. Brigade-Major, R.E.
June 25. Par. No. 1. Sandbag revetments are not to be made use of unless under the most pressing circumstances.
The attention of the directors of the two attacks is particularly called to the necessity of husbanding these stores.
June 27. Par. No. 1. The directors of the two attacks are requested to furnish on Saturday mornings a summary of the week’s operations,'with such observations as they may have to offer on whatever works have been executed by them.
Par. No. 2. A special report will be sent in for the Major-General’s information, on the effect of the late bombardment, by the superintending officer in each attack ; and they will be good enough to state any instances of failure, or otherwise, in platforms, revetments, or magazines.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
The enemy continues working very hard in the Redan, and from thence round by Malakoff Tower to the harbour at Careening Bay.
There have been a good many casualties among the troops stationed in the Quarries from the enemy’s shells.
The Russian trenches are being converted to the use of our troops.
The enemy appears to be very jealous of our occupation of the Cemetery, taken by General Eyre on the 18th. On the night of the 21st they attempted to retake it, but were gallantly repulsed. It is evident that the enemy attach considerable importance to the occupation of this post, as it would bring them to the foot of our advanced works, and at the same time cover the head of the Dockyard Creek, and the approaches to the town on both sides of it. With their usual daring, they have pushed out a long well-flanked trench near Careening Bay with rifle-screens, and on their right of the Redan two rifle-screens have been constructed to protect this flank.
The power the enemy has of constructing works, and arming them, as well as getting supplies into the place, are so great, that while the communication remains open, and supplies can be received, so long will the labours of the siege be prolonged and increased.
Large convoys are daily to be seen entering the town, bringing in a great quantity of sacks, supposed to contain flour.
On the evening of the 23d there was a violent thunderstorm, with torrents of rain. Much damage ensued; the batteries and trenches were a good deal injured, and in some places cuts had to be made through the parapets, to allow the accumulation of water to run off.
The railway is said to have been much damaged.
T T

330
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
2otli.—This day Major General Estcourt, adjutant-general, died of cholera, to the great regret of all his personal friends.
Night of the 27th.—We intrenched ourselves in the Russian rifle-pit on Cemetery in Picquet- house Ravine. The French took possession of Green Mamelon, a short distance in advance.
Field-Marshal Lord Raglan, 'who had been ill for some days, died at 8.30 p.m. on the 28th, to the Inexpressible regret of both armies. He was highly respected by the French soldiers. Speaking their language remarkably well, he seldom neglected, when an opportunity offered, of entering into conversation with them. The loss to the army is very great. Lord Raglan’s high character, rank, and family connexions, combined with his great military experience and knowledge, will make it extremely difficult to replace him. He was beloved by the French commanders-in-cliief, who always entertained the greatest respect for any opinion he might offer.
After the failure of the attack on the 18th of June, General Jones prepared a Memo., dated 21st June, for the Field-Marshal Commanding, of which the following is an extract :
Memorandum.
21st June 1855.
Having stated in a brief maimer the failure of the assault, it now becomes necessary to consider the steps to be taken towards gaining a footing upon the enemy’s main line. Before doing so, it may be proper to call to mind the original plan of operations of the 2d February, which settled that the attack of the Redan and Bastion du Mat should be a combined operation, and undertaken at the same time, as also an assault near the Bastion Centrale. This plan was acted upon, until the capture of the Mamelon and the Russian redoubts called the Ouvrages Blancs on the Inkerman heights.
The French, considering that the state of the enemy’s works extending from the Malakoff Tower to the harbour at Careening Bay offered great facilities for entering the town, inasmuch that less work had been executed on theno fronts, mid there were fewer obstacles to overcome before reaching the gorge of Malakoff Tower, decided to make their great attack on this side, without assaulting the old town, or benefiting by the approaches which had brought them so near to the enemy’s main line, and which had cost them so much labour and time, with great loss of life. Contrary to the expressed opinions of the English general, the French general adhered to his own plan of attacking the east side only, and not to attempt anything against the town. That plan has been acted on, and failed, whether from the strength of the enemy’s works, or his overwhelming fire, or other causes, is now immaterial ; but as regards the future, it is highly important to consider the position in which the two armies are placed. An attack against the same front appears to be in progress by working closer up to the Malakoff Tower, and by erecting a heavy armed battery on the point of land near Careening Bay, on the site of the battery called “ le 2 de Mai ” or Zabalkanski Battery. This will be extremely difficult to accomplish, even if practicable, from its exposed situation as regards the fire from the town batteries, the batteries on the north side of the harbour, and from the steamers ; and if this battery cannot be established, what is to be done ? The French by the delay will find themselves in a much more unfavourable position than on the morning of the 18th June, the enemy being hourly at work strengthening his defences by the construction of additional batteries, and no doubt that his interior defences will render these fronts equally if not stronger than the other fronts of his main line. Such being the case, does the General commanding the French army feel sure of suceess without attempting anything against the old town ? I should say, decidedly not.
In making an assault upon a large fortress with a strong garrison, the more the troops in it can be divided the better. The nearness of the French works to the “Batterie du Mat” and Garden batteries, and other points of that long line, would naturally suggest the desirableness of benefiting by the labour bestowed upon them, in working up so close to the town by the existing approaches.
As regards an attack upon the Redan, the idea must be abandoned, so long as the enemy can establish batteries to flank and fire into its interior, and without its being impossible to enfilade them, or to counter-

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
331
batter them, except at a long distance, and under great disadvantages. While the enemy has the power of constructing, arming, and manning batteries as fast as they can be formed, so long will the difficulties of attacking the Redan be in full force against us.
After due consideration of the difficulties to be overcome, it would appear that to neglect the advantages of position which the works of the Left attack present would be to risk a second failure. It is therefore trusted that, after due consideration, that a partial attack will not be made, but that an assault will be attempted wherever practicable ; and as an attack upon the Redan must be considered as abandoned, it remains to be decided what shall be the active part which the British troops shall take in the forthcoming operations.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
The Memorandum of the 21st June was forwarded to the French Head-Quarters, and a reply sent back on the 26th, which is as follows :—
Memorandum.
26th June 1855.
In his Memorandum of the 21st June 1855, General Harry Jones asks that the propositions which are to be submitted to the Generals-in-chief for the taking of Sebastopol should be examined anew.
lie commences by acknowledging that the operations of the 7tli of this month, by which the enemy has been deprived of all his works exterior to the Karabelnaia Suburb, have placed the allies in a very advantageous position for the prosecution of the siege, as now the enemy is exposed to receive a direct attack on nearly the whole of the enceinte of the town and of the suburb.
Passing then to a critical examination of the operations of the 18th June, ho seeks the causes of failure in recalling that, in accordance with the previous agreement, the attack of the Redan should not be made by the
English unless (lie French uttneked on the side of the town nt the same time, o
The general does not place great confidence in the advances undertaken against the Malakoff front, because he questions the possibility of constructing the battery proposed on the point above Careening Bay ; and he concludes that the attack of the town by the Bastion du Mat and Central Bastion, at which point, after much sacrifice, we are nearer the enceinte than elsewhere, is that which offers the greatest chance of success.
Regarding the attack of the English on the Redan, he considers the idea should be given up, as long as the enemy shall be able to maintain his flanking batteries, and can sweep the interior of that work with their fire, without it being possible to enfilade or counter-batter them except from a great distance and under very difficult circumstances.
As long as the enemy shall have the power of constructing, arming, and serving batteries as quick as he can throw them up, the difficulties for the attack of the Redan will have always the same force.
Finally, the general, expressing the hope that there will he no more partial attacks, arrives at the conclusions, “ That the attack on the Redan ought to be considered as abandoned,” and that it remains to be fixed what will be the active part to be taken in the operations of the assault by the English troops.
We commence by acknowledging that it has always been understood that the attack of the Redan ought to proceed with that of the Bastion du Mat, so that the two sides of the valley can be held, and that if the French abandoned their attack, the English, in accordance to the previous conventions, could on their side abandon that of the Redan ; but it is precisely on account of this connexion between all the attacks that to demand the giving up of the English attacks is almost to demand the raising the siege of Sebastopol. In fact, nothing new has taken place with respect to the Redan, and General Jones declares himself that in “giving “ the assault to a great fortress protected by a strong garrison, the more the troops are divided the better chance
x t 2

332
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
“ there is.” He expresses regret that no advantage had been taken on the 18th of June, of the approaches on the town, “ which have cost so much time and loss of men hut if the English give up the attack on the Redan, will not the French be open on one side, near the Bastion du Mat, to the fire of the right of the Redan, and especially of the Barrack Battery on the other side near tlieMalakoff, to the fire of all the batteries on the left of the Redan, which caused so much harm on the 18th June to the Division D’Autemarre, as soon as the English had retired ?
In the previous Memorandum, and especially in that of the 2d February quoted by General Jones, it was the English who demanded the attack on the Malakolf Tower, or at least a demonstration on this point, in order to facilitate the approaches of the attack on the Redan ; and it is when this condition, so much insisted on, is about to be fulfilled, that there is question of abandoning the English attack, so ably conducted, and which also has cost so much time, work, and loss of men.
We agree that the fire of the Russians is difficult to subdue ; but it has happened at the Redan, what has also occurred at the Malakoff front, and will happen everywhere else, that those who allowed themselves to he persuaded by the silence of the Russians were led naturally to believe that the batteries had been completely disabled, hut the next day the most formidable fire of grape disabused them of their idea.
' To conclude, it appears useless to insist longer on the difficulties of the collateral attacks, since General Jones states himself that the Malakoff front has become as strong if not stronger than the other parts.
The fire of grape and musketry which received our troops in the assault of the 18th June have beyond all doubt shown that our artillery subdues the Russian artillery very imperfectly, and that the attack of the enceinte of Sebastopol presents very great difficulties ; but these difficulties are not singular to the Redan ; they will he met with everywhere to the same extent, for they exist whenever there is a strong garrison sustained and continually reinforced by an army of support. Does a new attack offer sufficient chances of success to he tried ? This is a question to he resolved by the Generals-in-chief, and which we have not to examine here ; but what appears to us beyond doubt is, that if one of the principal attacks is abandoned, in •which so many works and batteries have been accumulated, the connexion of a system of combined attack will be destroyed, of which, for a long while, General Jones has himself felt all the advantages. The success of the general operations which have been undertaken and pursued to this day in concert by the two allied armies will be compromised.
To resume, we conclude that, far from abandoning any of our attacks, it is necessary to continue all as if on each of them depended the success of the assault, and that only when this principle is abandoned it will be necessary to concert on the best arrangements to make to ensure the success of a new attack on the enceinte.
Before Sebastopol, 26th June 1855. (Signed) Niel.
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 29th June 1855.
With reference to the Memorandum, 26th June, of General Neil, upon my Memorandum of the 21st June 1855 ; he states—
“ L’attaque de Pendente de Sebastopol presentait de tres-grandes difficultes; mais ces diffieultes ne sont pas particulieres au Redan; on les recontrera partout au meme degre, car elles tiennent a ce qu’ou attaque une forte garnison soutenu et sans cesse renouvellee par une armee de secours.”
It therefore appears that General Niel is aware of the difficulties of attacking the Redan, hut does not state or propose anything to be done to assist or facilitate such an attack.
The object of the memorandum, 21st June, was to bring forward prominently the difficulties to be overcome, in the expectation that General Niel would have been able to state what assistance would be afforded by the French to overcome those difficulties.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
333
It must be evident that it would not be possible to move a column to the attack of the right face of the Redan while the batteries in the Bastion du Mat should be allowed to fire upon it unmolested.
If the fire of the batteries in the Bastion du Mat can be silenced, and one or two guns in the French attack directed to the enfilade of the entrenchment running to the edge of the Woronzoff Ravine from the right flank of the Redan, the attack would bo greatly facilitated, even if no assault should be made on the Garden batteries.
It appears to be of very great importance that a battery should be constructed on the side of the hill on which the redoubt Biancion stands, to fire, in conjunction with the English battery No. 18, upon the enemy’s works between the Redan and Malakoff. This appears to be most important, and would conduce greatly to the success of any attack to be made on that part of the enemy’s line of works.
It is not desired to abandon the attack of the Redan, if it can he done with a chance of success, and without sacrificing the lives of men uselessly. It is therefore desirable to know whether the French will give any aid by directing a heavy and steady fire upon the batteries in the Jardin du Mat and Garden batteries ; whilst the English batteries in the Left attack will assist in that important object, and at the same time bring a heavy fire to bear upon the works on the right of the Redan and Barrack Battery ; or in what way the French and English attacks can be combined for the success of the one grand object each have in view.
(Signed) Harry U. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Memorandum.
Ilead-Quarters before Sebastopol, 30th June 1855.
It is submitted for consideration whether it would not be better to open a moderate fire of artillery upon the town and working parties of the enemy at once, instead of acting, as heretofore, by bringing a heavy fire on his works alone, leaving his workmen unmolested, and allowed quietly to raise up works which in the end must be taken with a considerable loss of life.
It is therefore respectfully proposed that the officers commanding the artillery and engineers of both armies should meet to consider the proposition, and if agreed as to the advantages to be derived by adopting it, they should then determine the works or buildings to which the fire of the artillery should be directed.
The undersigned is of opinion that by following such a course the siege operations would be rendered much easier of execution, the enemy would be retarded as regards the completion of his works, and would experience great interruption and loss ; by thus opening our fire he would be kept in a state of anxiety and incertitude as to the moment when the real attack would be made, which heretofore has been known to him by the opening of all our batteries.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Lieut.-General Simpson, &c. Major-General,
Comdg. in Chief. Comdg. Royal Engineers.

334
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855 .
July 1, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. *2.45 P.M. to 6.35 P.M.
Working Party.
( 1st relief, 150 men. * ‘ (.2drelief, 200 „
Sappers ... 57 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Armit, R.E.
Line
1st Relief.
Parties of Sappers employed blasting in the 4th parallel and No. 15 battery, and mining in reserve ammunition magazine ; No. 14 battery on left, parapet raised, earth brought from rear to make terrepleine; took down and replaced gabions at embrasures, their slope not being sufficient; at right of battery, excavating for terrepleine, and building traverse ; No. 15 battery, excavating for terrepleine, and raising parapet all along ; fixed new magazine frame, and commenced passage in rear- ; continued passage in real’ of old magazine ; No. 13, excavating for magazine between two and three mortars ; earth thrown on top of No. 8 battery ; a party blasting old road through communication from No. 5 to 9 battery ; cover improved at the right of communication and from No. 4 boyau to 14 battery.
2d Relief.
Same as in 1st relief, and a party cutting passage round new magazine at riglit of No. 10 battery. No casualties.
July 1, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 151 men.
Sappers ... 39 „
Officer on duty Lieut. IJON NELLY, B.E.
Twenty-five men at the rifle-pit in the Graveyard, improving the cover ; 50 men at communication v from fourth parallel to Graveyard ; 25 men at communication x from the left of third parallel to the ravine ; 50 men in No. 14 battery, cutting embrasures, making traverse, and thickening parapet.
There were four casualties in the working party.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 72°.
Right Attack.
1855 .
July 1, Say.
4a.M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.SL
Workixg Party.
fist relief, 400 men.
’ * ' (.2d relief, 400 „
... 24 men.
("Lieut. Graham, R.E. Officers on duty < Capt. W olseley, 90th (. Regt.
IAne . Sappers
New battery, No. 18., continuing, thickening, and raising parapet-, by earth thrown up from the rear ; after 8 a.m. two brigades of carpenters were employed fixing frames and splinter-proofs to the magazines, 160 men ; No. 14 battery, thickening parapet and cutting out embrasures of 2-gun portions on right, and making passage to magazine in rear, 20 men ; left approach to 2d parallel, widening trench round traverses, 24 men.
Left communication of No. 18, 10 men repairing trench and parapet where damaged by 13-incli shell ; draining and clearing second parallel on right, 20 men ; converting old Russian trench into fourth parallel, 140 men ; rifle-pit trench v in front of the fourth new parallel, improving cover, 10 men ; Right advance of Quarries, improving cover, 20 men ; repairing communications in rear of Quarries, 10 men ; raising sea- service mortar platforms on left of 21-gun battery, No. 6 mortar battery, ready for removal, 12 men.
The working parties this morning were not obtained till n quarter past five.
Shelled a good deal in the afternoon in the Quarries and new fourth parallel, but no harm was done ; 30 men of the Line were employed blasting from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. in communication to Quarries, in Quarries, and Right advance of Quarries.
Since my last day’s duty, that part of the parapet containing the embrasures that had been blocked and built up in the Malakoff Tower have been revetted with gabions on the exterior slope.
Working Pasty.
Line .... 800 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer* on duty { ££ f^v^sfkY'
1. 21-gun battery, revetting and repairing three embrasures with iron gabions and sandbags, nearly completed, 1st relief, 1 Sapper, 20 men.
2. 2-gun battery between Nos. 9 and 14, continuing excavation for magazine ; about eight feet of passage and body completed; embrasures about a quarter completed ; 1st relief, 2 Sappers and 20 men.
3. Third parallel and Right approach, widening and altering trench, 8tc., 1st relief, 1 Sapper and 50 men.
July 1, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
335
Left Attack.
Rioni Attack.
4. General’s hut in new communication t from left of second parallel, excavation for body, and passage sunk to about three feet six inches below surface of ground; soil very good ; 1st relief, 1 Sapper and 15 men.
5. Extreme advance in front of Quarries, right portion deepened, and parapet thickened, and extended to the right 10 gabions ; ground very rocky ; men cannot work at it during the daytime, cover not yet sufficient; 1st relief, 1 Sapper and 25 men.
6. Centre Russian trench v, widening the part commenced the other night, and continuing it ; soil very good, but not much cover obtained in new part ; 1st relief, 2 Sappers and 70 men.
7. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel ; trench could not be deepened, a layer of rock intervenes, but the cover was increased and parapet thickened, by carrying earth and stones from the rear ; the sap was advanced to the right, cutting across the Russian rifle-pit x ; within the pit excellent cover was obtained, within which the men can work during the day ; the trench to the right has still very little cover; ground hard and rocky; 1st relief, linlf brigade Sappers and 200 men.
8. No. 18 batteiy, thickening parapet from both front and rear, about nine inches in height of earth was spread over it, 1 brigade Sappers and 400 men.
9. The latrines are becoming very offensive indeed ; they cannot have been properly attended to.
10. Towards dark yesterday evening the Russian “steamers” got up their steam for the purpose apparently of conveying either stores or troops across the harbour.
11. The enemy shelled the working parties very severely during the early part of the night; not many casualties occurred.
12. The enemy were busily employed inside the Redan ; some I perceived revetting and building up loopholes between the embrasures.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 72°.
1855,
1st relief, 171 men. 2d relief, 200 „
28 men.
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
July 2, Bay,
4 A.M. to 8 A.M,
Sappers
2 p.m. to 6 p.m.
Officer on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 171 men.
fist relief, 171 me <. 2d relief, 200 „
1855,
1st relief, 423 men.
2d relief, 400 „
24 men.
Lieut. Fisher, R.E. Lieut. Darrau, R.E.
Line . . . . | Sappers . . . Officers on duty j
July 2, Bay.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Party.
fist relief, 423 men.
Sixty men were employed, both reliefs, in No. 15 battery, excavating for mortar platforms ; 60 men were employed in No. 16 battery (to the right of No. 10), revetting the parapet, and excavating for
1st Relief.
1. Advanced trench, right portion, widening and deepening the trench lately formed ; there is not yet sufficient cover in rear of the last placed gabions

336
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOFOL.
Left Attack. i
platforms ; ten men were employed in No. 9 battery, [ botli reliefs, repairing revetment and revetting cm- | brasures ; ten men were employed in No. 13 battery, ! 1st relief, and 20 men, 2d relief, in excavating for powder magazine, clearing up this battery ; ten men were employed in 1st relief in blasting in No. 1 boyau, and six men, 2d relief ; a party of six men, 1st relief, were employed in blasting through roadway in the communication from No. 5 to No. 9 batteries, and 40 men were employed in the 2d relief in improving the cover in the trench to the right of No. 15. The enemy did not fire on the working parties with artillery, but were annoying from the constant rifle fire from the salient of the Itedan. I could detect no working parties in the enemy’s works.
P.S.—The magazine frames of No. 16 magazine were fixed.
Right Attack.
to allow of work by day ; the trench in rear of those placed on the night previous is of a good depth, but requires widening banquette ; a step was formed at the same time with the stones excavated ; one Sapper and 25 men.
2. Quarries, two Sappers and 16 men. This party was employed in improving the parapet of this work, which has become injured by the constant shelling it receives at night. The earth was excavated from the terrepleine of the work, and thrown over.
3. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, half brigade Sappers and 140 men. These men were distributed along about 160 running yards of this trench, deepening and widening the trench, and at the same time strengthening the parapet. There is now fair cover in all this portion. The soil in places is very rocky, and the earth to form the parapet has to be brought in baskets. The most advanced portion of the work has yet to be widened from four to five feet.
4. General’s hut, Left advance, one Sapper and 15 men, employed in excavating for the erection of a splinter-proof hut for the accommodation of the general of the trenches. During this relief the working party sunk the entrance and interior space three feet, making about six cubic yards done in the relief; the excavation was level with the trench.
5. No. 18 battery, seven Sappers and 167 men. This party was employed during the early part of the relief in throwing up earth on to the parapet which had been excavated in the rear of the terrepleine during the preceding relief; subsequently they excavated and threw up on the parapet about 20 cubic yards.
The quantity appears small, but it must be borne in mind that from the width of terrepleine it takes two and sometimes three rows of shovellers to throw up the earth.
6. 2-gun portion, left of No. 9, two Sappers and ten men. The excavation for the magazine in rear of these guns was deepened. The enemy fired several rounds at this party ; they were in consequence obliged to work low, and at a disadvantage ; however tliev succeeded in deepening the excavation two feet.
7. Widening trenches, Right advance, two Sappers and 40 men. These men were employed in improving the communication between the third parallel and the Right approaches. The soil was unfavourable.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
337
Left Attack.
Eight Attack.
8. 21-gun battery, one Sapper and ton men repairing embrasures where required.
9. Sentries over the tools, &c., half brigade of Sappers and one lance-corporal sent to the Caves.
2d Relief.
1. Advanced trench (right portion), one Sapper and 20 men deepening and widening trench, strengthening parapet, and forming banquette step.
2. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, one Sapper and 100 men widening trench and forming banquette step, deepening where practicable, and strengthening parapet throughout.
3. General’s hut, one Sapper and ten men deepening, and preparing for splinter-proof cover, &c.
4. No. 18 battery, two Sappers and 150 men. Of this party 100 were employed in clearing battery, and throwing up loose earth, &c., 30 men carrying fascines from the ravine, and ten removing the sea-service mortar platforms from the left of the 21-gun battery.
5. 2-gun portion, left of No. 9, one Sapper and 20 men employed in sinking the excavation for the magazine and revetting the embrasures.
6. Traverse in Left advance on the left of battery No. 13, one Sapper and 20 men, cutting five feet from end of traverse, so as to give a passage round of eight feet, also rounding off opposite corner, the passage to be covered by a traverse in front.
7. Widening trenches :—two Sappers and 30 men employed in widening the junction of Right advance with the third parallel ; soil very bad.
8. One Sapper and 20 men clearing up through trenches, Left advance and third parallel.
9. One Sapper and 20 men collecting ladders from second parallel and Left advance, and carrying them up to the depot near the 21-gun battery.
10. Sentries over tools, stores, &c., half brigade of Sappers. In addition to these working parties, there were employed during the day two brigades of carpenters erecting and completing the splinter-proof work for the covering of the magazines in No. 13 battery, also superintending the removal of the mortar platforms. There were also employed during the day one corporal of Sappers and 29 miners of the Line. These men worked in the advanced trench, the old Russian trench, fourth parallel, Quarries, and approaches, in blasting the rock wherever required.
u u

338
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
WOBKING PARTY.
Line .... 182 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Belson, R.E.
The revetment of three embrasures on the left of the old flank gun, No. 14 battery, was completed, and the embrasures cut more through towards the front; the parapet between these gun portions and No. 8 battery was thickened by an interior revetment of tubs, and two more embrasures commenced.
The cutting round the traverse was continued.
The three embrasures of No. 16 battery, right of No. 10, were cut through towards the front, and commenced to be revetted, but there were not enough of gabions to complete them. The communication k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery was deepened. The communication v to the Cemetery in front of the Caves was continued about 50 yards further down the hill, and the loose stone in the existing trench built into the parapet. 'The communication x to the Cemetery in rear of the Caves was in the part leading down the hill altered by effacing a curve there was in it, and deepened.
The part of the trench x leading up the hill was continued about 35 yards further up, to meet the preceding.
Wounded, 1 officer.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 70°. Heavy rain during the night.
1855.
Toly 2, Night.
8 F.M. to 2 A.M.
Right Attack.
The Russians were observed working near the sallyport on the left of the Redan, and shortly after were fired on and disturbed.
The working parties were very little molested during the whole day.
1855.
July 2, Night.
2 A.M. to 4 A.M.
Wohking Party.
Line . . . . | Sappers . . . Officer on duty (
1st relief, 800 men.
2d relief, 250 „
24 men.
Lieut. Andebsox, 9Cth Eegt.
Three brigades of Sappers were employed in general superintendence.
A working party of the Line were employed iu No. 18 battery, completing the parapet, and widening trench in rear, also removing gabions from front of battery ; a portion of the working party were employed in carrying sea-service mortar platforms from 21-gun battery. Three brigades of carpenters were employed at magazines ; 21 men were employed in 2-gun battery No. 14, excavating for magazine ; 30 men employed widening third parallel ; 50 men employed removing chevaux-de-frise on Woronzoff Road ; about one half removed ; this work could not be continued on account of the lightness of the night from the moon ; 200 men employed in widening and improving cover in nearest Russian trench ; 50 men employed in middle Russian trench v, widening and improving cover ; 50 men employed in Right advance of Quarries, widening and improving cover; 15 men placed gabions in continuation. At 4 o’clock 150 men were employed in battery No. 18 ; 20 men in 2-gun battery ; 30 men in second parallel; 50 men in communications.
The work performed during the night w r as good.
The enemy having opened some guns and mortars on Quarries, a sharp fire was kept up from our mortars, when they left off molesting us.
I have to regret that Lieut. James, R.E., was missed during the night. The circumstance was reported to me this morning, when I searched every place where he was likely to be, but did not succeed in finding him.
Missing, 1 officer,
Lieut. James, R.E., taken prisoner.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 70°,

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
339
Left Attack.
1855.
July 3, Day.
4 A.M, to 8 A.M. 3 r.M. to 7 p.m.
Working Party
Sappers . . . Line . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 56 men.
2d relief, 400 „
10 men.
Major Chapman, 20th . Kegt.
No -working parties this morning, in consequence of the very heavy rain.
1st Relief,
The Sappers, consisting of one sergeant and 56 men, were employed from 4 to 8 a.m. in blasting, laying platforms, and when the rain commenced in clearing drains.
2d Relief.
First parallel, No. 1 battery, one Sapper and 16 men cutting drain through parapet to keep water from mortar magazines ; one Sapper and 20 men pulling down engineer hut, and carrying barrels to Nos. 14 and 16, for revetment ; one Sapper and 14 men blasting and improving cover in No. 16 ; one Sapper and six men draining second parallel ; one Sapper and 40 men improving cover from second to third parallel approaches ; one Sapper and 60 men, No. 15 battery, improving cover, excavating for terrepleine, covering in magazines ; one Sapper and 16 men, No. 13, deepening passages round traverses, wheeling earth to thicken merlons in No. 8 ; two Sappers and 28 men, No. 14, thickening parapet, and excavating terrepleine, and building traverse.
Large parties of the enemy were working at the Tower.
The camp on the opposite side of the harbour appears much increased in size.
No casualties occurred to any of the working parties.
July 3, Wight.
8 r.M. to 2 a.m.
Working Party.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Three Sappers and 40 men extended trench y, on the left of fourth parallel, 50 yards, up to the wall leading to the Cemetery ; brought into No. 7 battery 34 gabions from the Cemetery.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 3, Say.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WOEKIxa Pabty.
Line .... 1st relief, 310 men.
Sappers ... 28 men.
Line .... 2d relief 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 men.
(Capt. De Moleyxs,
Officers on duty ] Major'C ampbell, 46th \ Regt.
1. No. 18 battery, throwing up parapet, building traverses, 1st relief, 150 men, one brigade'of Sappers, 2d relief, 100 men, one brigade of Sappers ; building magazines in do., 1st relief, two brigades carpenters.
2. Two-gun battery No. 14 on left of No. 9, excavating for magazine (completed five feet deep), revetting embrasures (completed), 1st relief, 20 men, half brigade of Sappers, 2d, 16 men, two Sappers.
3. Old Russian trench, converting into fourth parallel, building traverse (completed), steps, &c., 1 st relief, 60 men, half brigade of Sappers, 2d relief, 44 men, two Sappers.
4. Communications towards No. 18 battery, deepening and making eight feet wide at bottom, 1st relief, 30 men and two Sappers.
5. Advanced parallel, improving and making eight feet wide at bottom, 1st relief, 30 men and two Sappers.
6. Advanced Quarry trench, improving cover, building steps, &c., 2d relief, 40 men and two Sappers.
7. Taking up sea-service mortar platforms (three completed), 2d relief, two brigades of carpenters.
The working parties worked well, and there were no casualties. For both reliefs 400 men were applied for, but the field officer would not give more than the numbers reported.
The enemy were particularly quiet during the day. In the afternoon they were observed bringing up a gun on a species of devil carriage from the arsenal towards the rear of the Redan ; it was dragged by a large working party of men. We were unable to warn them in time in the 21-gun battery to fire at it.
July 3, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Workixg Party.
Line .... 800 men.
Sappers . . . 24 men.
("Lieut. Graham, R..E. Officers on duty ■^Cagt^WoiSELEY, 90th
No. 88 battery, 350 men raising and thickening parapet.
Communication to No. 18, 30 men widening trench. This party were employed in the early part of the
U U 2

340
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
One Sapper and 10 men building up stone quarried during the day, in the parapet v on left of fourth parallel ; two Sappers and 15 men, communication x in rear of the Caves, building up parapet with stone quarried during the day ; two Sappers and 15 men working up the hill, to join the above party of 15 from below; No. 14 battery, three Sappers and 40 men, parapet revetted and thickened at the two left guns, embrasures revetted, and traverse commenced by cutting passage in rear; parapet at D. E. F. thickened ; embrasures of old flank guns (two centre guns of 14) repaired, and altered to fire on Redan, one Sapper and 20 men; one Sapper and 10 men employed at No. 11 battery, repairing and clearing out embrasures.
The enemy kept up a heavy fire of grape, canister, bouquets of shells, &c. during the night; but, from the darkness, only two men were slightly wounded.
Enemy heard working in front of Barrack batteries.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 70°.
Right Attack.
night as a carrying party; 50 men employed on WoronzofF Road, carrying clievaux-de-frise forward from their former position to their present one in line with the Quarries; they were all placed; a step was cut in the mound (Russian practice butt) behind the clievaux-de-frise, to serve as a banquette for musketry ; 50 men, Right advance, placing gabions to the right, 45 were placed and filled; 200 men in old Russian trench, converting into fourth parallel ; 50 men improving cover in rifle-pit
trench v.
The enemy shelled us throughout the night, but did the working party very little damage; only three were wounded. At about 6 p.m. yesterday a round shot from the point Garden Battery entered the second boyau Y of the Left advance of Quarries obliquely, killing two and wounding eight men of the Rifle Brigade.
■Wounded, X officer.
Dav very fine. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 70°.
Working Party.
3.855.
July 4, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M. 2i P.M. to 6* P.M.
Line ....
tappers . , . Ojjiccr on duty
1st relief, 134 men. 2d relief, 200 „
55 men.
Capt. Pexjt, R.A.
1st Relief.
1. Fifty men to thicken parapet, No. 15 battery, to cover in magazine and make shell-room.
2. Forty men to thicken parapet, No. 14 battery.
3. Twenty men to thicken parapet, No. 16 battery, and to cover in shell-room.
4. Twenty men to carry platforms to No. 15 battery.
5. Four men assisting miners on right of fourth parallel.
2d Relief.
6. Seventy men to thicken parapet and revet No. 15 battery, to cover in magazine, and to make shell-room.
7. Forty-two men to thicken parapet, No. 14 battery.
8. Sixteen men to thicken and revet parapet, No. 16 battery.
9. Twenty men to carry platforms to No. 15 batteiy.
1855.
July 4, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 r.M.
Line
Working Party.
. fist relief, 40 men.
* * 12d relief, 400 „
c.„__ fist relief, 24 men.
Sappers. . . } 2 d relief, ditto.
(Lieut. .Eli'Iiinstone, Officers on duty < R.E.
(.Lieut. SoMEEVILtE,R.E.
1. Right advance in front of Quarries, thickening parapet, and widening trench of part commenced the night before last; average size of trench about 4 feet 6 inches wide, inclusive of banquette, and 3 feet deep ; the portion commenced last night is very rocky and had ground ; not cover sufficient to work in by day ; 1st relief, half brigade of Sappers and 25 men, 2d, one Sapper and 20 men.
2. Centre Russian trench v, 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men, widening trench at upper end ; the lower portion is very good ; parapet not yet high enough ; the steep slope of the ground enables the Tower works partially to look down upon it.
3. Old Russian parallel, fourth parallel, 1st relief, half brigade of Sappers and 145 men, 2d, two Sappers and 100 men, improving cover, and building up banquettes in parts of the old works, and thickening parapet, and widening and deepening trench in the part commenced last night; sufficient cover has been obtained to enable the men to work by day along the

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
341
Left Attack.
10. Twenty men to carry barrels to No. 16 battery, and wood to No. 4 boyau.
11. Twelve men collecting scaling ladders.
12. Ten men to carry earth from No. 13 to No. 8 battery.
13. Ten men to revet traverse on right of No. 14 battery.
Carpenters.
14. Three employed to lay a platform in No. 15 battery; finished.
15. Four driving magazine in No. 13 battery.
16. Two repairing barrels.
Blasters.
17. Eight employed at left communication x to Graveyard.
18. Eight employed at communication v to fourth parallel on right.
19. Nine employed blasting for platforms, No. 15 battery. One man wounded.
Right Attack.
whole of its length ; soil is very good indeed ; average size of new part of trench about 6 feet wide and 3 feet 6 inches deep; revetted with Russian barrels and stones.
4. Where the latter trench joins the Quarries, the traverse which had been commenced was completed during the 1st relief, 1st relief, two Sappers and 10 men.
5. Left approach at Nos. 13 and 12 batteries, 2d relief, one Sapper and 60 men ; direction of the part leading to No. 12 battery altered so as to prevent its being enfiladed ; parapet raised about four feet high ; the traverse in front of this battery about onc-tliird completed.
6. 2-gun battery near No. 14, 1st relief, two Sappers and 16 men, 2d, one Sapper and 20 men, completed the revetment of one embrasure, and continued the other, body of magazine being about three feet below level of terrepleine of battery.
7. General’s hut, continuing to deepen the body of hut, and carrying down frames, &c. for building it, 2d relief, one Sapper and 30 men.
8. Battery No. 18, 1st relief, six Sappers and 184 men, 2d, four Sappers, 167 men, thickening parapet, and altering revetment ; magazine continued ; the timbers for two platforms were carried down to this battery.
9. Two traverses were commenced in the second boyau in front of Quarries, to protect the men from the fire of the Garden batteries ; one was carried to a height of about three feet and the other about five feet ; the cutting into the parapet not yet commenced.
10. During one half of the 2d relief the 100 men named in No. 3 were employed in carrying down gabions to the advance.
11. Employed as sentries over the different depots and materials, 1st and 2d reliefs, half brigade Sappers.
12. The enemy fired very severely during the whole day upon the Quarries and adjacent trenches ; three of the working party were wounded, but not severely, by splinters of shells.

342
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL."
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Wobkutg Paety.
Line .... 150 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Aemit, R.E.
Parties were employed iu No. 16 battery, revetting embrasures ; three done with three gabions (iron) in each cheek, and embrasures cleared out, leaving a mask of earth outside. No. 14 battery, thickening the parapet by removing the earth from top to front, and cutting round new traverse. All the earth above the revetment of powder barrels is removed. The powder magazine required more earth on top, which was attended to. Communications to Cemetery, in that, v, nearest the enemy, in front of our Cave rifle-screens, men cleared the stone blasted, and built it into the parapet, and this trench was continued through the wall towards the house in the valley ; cover obtained between two and three feet. A portion of the wall had to be pulled down. The communication x down the hill from No. 7 battery was continued by two parties working from top and bottom ; a junction was effected, and there is about 2' 6" of cover. This place was very difficult to work at, in consequence of the rocky nature of the soil. About a quarter past one the party in the advance communication v was withdrawn by my orders, in consequence of the heavy fire of the enemy of shells and grapesliot fired from mortars.
There were two casualties.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 76°.
1855.
July 4, Night.
8 r.M.tO 2 A.M.
1855.
July 4, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Wobkikg Paety.
Line .... 600 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officers mi dutu ( Lieut - ^ISHEE, R.E. ojficei s on an ty J Lieut dabeam, R.E.
1. Advanced trench, fourth parallel (right portion), half brigade of Sappers and 50 men. This party was employed in extending this trench to the right, and likewise improving both by deepening and widening that already formed. Soon after dark, when we had commenced to work, the enemy fired two excellent light-balls on our party, both of which fell within 20 yards of them, one in front and one in rear. They immediately commenced shelling us, and also firing grape as long as we worked, which was till the moon rose. In consequence of this fire we were unable to place and fill more than 12 gabions.
2. Communication between advanced trench and Quarries, two Sappers and 65 men ; of these 20 were employed in strengthening the parapet of the end of the approach, a party being employed throwing up earth from the front as well as from the rear ; of the same party, 30 men were employed in continuing the two traverses ; gabions were placed and filled, so that the work can now be all completed from the interior without exposing the men.
Fifteen men of the same party were employed widening and deepening the entrance to this approach.
3. Quarries, one Sapper and 20 men employed in repairing the parapet where knocked down by shot, and strengthening it in various places.
4. New communication to Russian trench, one Sapper and 75 men. A new communication z was commenced between the old Russian trench, fourth parallel, and the communication o to the Quarries. I only revetted the portion nearest to the Russian trench with gabions (25), the first part being so well covered by the Quarries themselves ; the trench also will be deep in this portion.
5. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, two Sappers and 150 men employed in improving, deepening, and widening this trench ; it was not extended further.
6. 2-gun portion, left of No. 9 battery, one Sapper and 20 men, deepening excavation for magazine, which was carried down to a depth of nine feet.
7. No. 8 battery, one Sapper and 20 men strengthening magazine by throwing up earth, also repairing parapet in front where it had become damaged by the rain.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
343
• Left Attack.
Right Attack.
8. No. 18 battery, one brigade Sappers and 20 men. These men were employed in levelling superior slope of parapet, 30 being placed on the top, the remainder revetting the parapet over the gabions with two rows of fascines, also filling in round and covering the magazines. Sentries over tools and materials in the trenches, half brigade of Sappers.
The enemy kept up a steady fire of shells on all our works, more especially the advanced trench and Quarries. They were themselves working continuously in the Redan.
I did not hear any shovelling or anything that sounded like working in earth.
The sound was that which would be produced by either striking pickets through fascines, or chopping with an axe. I heard no noise of hammering, &c.
I observed that on the guard of the trenches being relieved last evening, a great number of men going up the Left advance, in order to save a short distance, went over the open ground, and not only showed our time of relief, but drew several shot and shells on the relief, as well as on themselves.
Naval Brigade
3 seamen wounded.
Day very flue. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 76°.
1855.
July 5, Say.
4 A M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line , , , Sappers . . . Officer an du ty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „ ‘
59 men.
Lieut. Donxelly, R.E.
1855.
July 5, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 420 men.
Sappers ... 16 .,
f Capt. Sedley, R.E.
Officers on duty 1 Lieut. Anderson, 96tli (. Regiment.
1st Relief.
Twenty men at No. 6 (Picquet-house) battery, dismantling it, and bringing all the good materials to the depot.
Twenty-four men, making a bridge across the communication k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery; six men repairing small-arm ammunition magazine on left of No. 9 battery ; 40 men, in No. 16 battery, revetting and thickening parapet, and making magazine on right.
Ten men in No. 13 mortar battery, excavating magazine ; 50 men in No. 14 battery, thickening the parapet, and making a traverse in centre of battery.
In Russian trench, fourth parallel, 100 men and two Sappers. In forming traverses to advance parallel and boyau y, 30 men and one Sapper ; in new cut z, leading to Russian trench, 50 men and one Sapper ; in approach from No. 13 battery, making wall and traverses, 50 men and one Sapper ; in Right advance, extending it, 40 men and one Sapper ; in No. 18 battery, 100 men and six Sappers ; in widening trenches near old advanced parallel, 50 men and one Sapper.
The men worked from 4 a.m. to_8 a.m. and from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m., and performed their work satisfactorily. I have nothing particular to report.

344
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
2d Relief.
The men being employed in the same way as during the 1st relief ; CO men at No. 6 battery ; 30 men at bridge over communication k to No. 14 battery ; 50 men in No. 16 ; 50 men in No. 14.
1855.
July 5, Night.
74 P.M.tOl4 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 128 men.
tappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordox, R.E.
One hundred men were employed in carrying communication x across the ravine from the left of the trench leading from rear of Caves to the wall on the other side of ravine, a length of 130 yards ; the cover obtained was pretty good ; a wall 30 yards long affords cover for that distance, and is in the same direction ns the trench ; 30 men were employed in prolonging the trench v in front of the Caves to a wall close to the French Picquet-house, and improving the communication along the wall ; 26 men were employed in revetting the interior of No. 14 battery with tubs ; 22 men were employed in connecting the rifle pit y above the Woronzoff Road with the fourth parallel, a distance of 40 yards ; the ground is extremely rocky for the last 15 yards.
The enemy tired a good many mortar shells, and seemed to be trying Carnot’s plan of firing from the mortars 40 or 50 hand-balls at a discharge. These latter, although they ranged as far, did no damage to the working party.
The French do not hold the Mnmelon Vert, u, by day.
Day very line. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 77°.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 5, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men
J)o. Select Party 200 „
Sappers ... 20 „
fCapt. I)E Moleyxs, I officers on clnty } c AMPBEI1> 4 « tll
1 L Regiment.
1. No. 18 battery, 200 men and one brigade Sappers completing parapets, covering in magazines, &c.
2. No 14 battery, 20 men and two Sappers excavating for magazine ; body of ditto completed.
3. No. 13 battery, 30 men and two Sappers building wall on left and traverse ; nearly completed.
Captain De Moleyns, slightly wounded.
4. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, 200 men and half brigade of Sappers, improving cover, making steps and banquettes, amd forming communication to ditto by rear of Quarries.
5. Advanced Quarry trench, 100 men and two Sappers extending to right ; 56 gabions placed, 30 of them filled, 26 about half filled.
6. Trench y, in ndvanee of Quarries, 50 men and two Sappers, building traverses and thickening part of parapet of trench ; traverses completed ; passage round front of ditto one-third done.
The working parties worked well, that of the 79th Regiment, in the advanced Quarry trench, extremely so, especially considering the very heavy fire they were exposed to, and which, I regret to state, caused 10 casualties among them, and some men of the 72d, who brought down gabions to them.
These losses were caused entirely by grape fired from the batteries on the proper left of the Redan. The enemy kept up an incessant fire from his mortars, but I am not aware of any one being hurt by them. They likewise fired some light-balls, one of which fell just at the end of our sap, and burnt for half an hour.
In accordance with your instructions, I measured the distance that would be gained to the front by advancing from our left of the Quarry trench r ; this would be about 30 yards. From this point I could plainly distinguish the Russian sentries lying down, about 20 yards in our front. They were about six or eight in number, and did not fire on us.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
345
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855 .
July 6, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 F.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Pabtt.
Line . £
Sappers . . . Ojjiccr on duty
1st relief, ISO men. 2d relief, 200 „
62 men.
Capt, Beeson, E.E.
Traverse in No. 12 magazine was repaired, and a hole in the parallel on the right where the water lodged was filled up ; miners eontinued to exeavato for the new magazine, No. 13 battery ; the new portion of No. 14 battery on the left was continued by throwing more earth on the parapet, blasting round the traverse in the centre, and altering the form of the one on the left, &c. ; the two old platforms of the guns originally in the battery were taken up, and one was rclaid to fire on the Redan ; at No. 15 the revetment of the parapet and excavation for mortar platforms was continued ; at No. 16 battery the magazine on the right and also the traverse were continued by covering in the former and raising the latter; the parapet of the gun portions where unrevetted was revetted with large tubs, and more earth thrown on it.
Parties of miners were working in the two communications v and x leading to the Cemetery Ravine in the communication from No. 7 battery to the Caves, on the left of the fourth parallel, &e.
The carpenters laid a platform for the 10-inch pivot gun, No. 3 of No. 9 battery, and completed a i bridge across the trench from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 | battery. I
They had likewise sentries posted amongst the rocks on the slope to the Woronzoff Road. These were in advance of the former mentioned ones, and could be seen from our extreme left of the trench.
I should imagine it must have been into their hands Lieut. James fell.
The enemy were working hard during the night and this morning. There appears to be a quantity of earth thrown from the ditch of the Redan at the salient to the front.
The men in our trenches were annoyed towards morning by grape thrown from a mortar on the right of the Redan ; and one man was wounded who was actually lying down in the bottom of the trench.
Killed, 1 officer. 'Wounded, 1 officer.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 77°.
1855 .
July 6, Bay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 27 men.
(Lieut. Graiiam, R.E. Officers on duty < Cant. Wolseeey, 90tU (. Kegt.
No. 18 battery, 100 men covering magazines with earth, and thickening parapet ; the body of the magazine is covered with four layers of sandbags ; carpenters, with the assistance of stone liners, were laying the sea-service mortar platforms ; No. 19 or new 2-gun battery, 35 men filling and backing gabions which were laid last night; 20 men building traverse in front of magazine, and improving communication on right of No. 12 ; No. 14, sinking for magazine and making passage, 15 men ; this magazine is now ready for the frames ; 10 men making cover to the general’s hut in Left advance ; 55 men on right of old Russian trench, and 25 men on left, forming a continuation of it in rear of the right of the Quarries; 10 men filling up holes in trenches of Left advance ; 40 men continuing traverses in No. 2 boyau y, in advance of Quarries; 50 men improving Right
advance. Since my last tour of duty, the enemy has thrown up some earth in advance of the salient of the Redan. No rifle fire proceeded from it to-day.
x x

346
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855 .
July 6, Night.
7 r.M. to 2 a.m.
AVobking Paeiy.
Line .... 196 men.
Sappers ... 25 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Peek, E.A.
1. Communication in front of Caves v, 20 men to clear out the loose stone quarried, by making screen wall for miners, and to thicken parapet.
2 . Communication in rear of Caves x, 10 men to clear the trench and build screen Avail.
3. Eighty men improving cover from right of third to fourth parallel, and connecting fourth parallel Avith rifle-screen y on its right.
4. Forty men in No. 14 battery, earth on the top of parapet thrown forward to thicken parapet, and to open splay of second gun from the left.
5. Forty men to raise merlon of right gun, giving more splay to the left cheek, and to thicken parapet by throwing earth to the front from top of parapet.
6. Six men to make ramps to bridge across communication k from the fourth zigzag to No. 14 battery, on the right of the fourth parallel ; one corporal of the Sappers Avounded.
P.S.—The party mentioned in par. No. 3. Avere in first instance told off to make a communication doAvn the gulley leading from the top of the hill down to (lie ehevaux-de-frise, but it was found that this route was directed on the Redan, and could neA’cr be made either a safe or easy means of communication ; the sides are very precipitous, and broken into deep steps, which Avill require to be blasted ; I therefore withdreAV the party.
(Signed) G. Bent,
Major, R.E.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 80°. Showers in forenoon.
Right Attack.
AVoekino Paeiy.
Line .... 600 men.
Sappers . . . 24 men.
("Lieut. Elphinstone,
Officers on duty ] lS' SoM eeville, k K.E.
1. Right advance in front of Quarries, 1st relief, three Sappers and 80 men filling the gabions placed the night before, and cutting a trench in rear, averaging four feet Avide and one foot to one foot six inches deep ; sufficient cover in parts to ivork along it during the daytime ; placed four gabions, but Avas unable even to get them filled, as the firing Avas very heavy, especially at the head of the sap.
Seven men Avere severely hurt, and one Avas killed.
2. Advanced trench it in front of Quarries, 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men ; the old parapet changed into a circular form at one part, so as to increase the Avidth of the trench round the angle.
We advanced (three Sappers and 50 men) from the left f, placing and filling 54 gabions, trench on an average four feet wide and one foot deep at upper part, and three feet wide and one and a half feet deep at loAver half. Although the parapet is sufficiently high to hide a man standing from the enemy’s direct fire, yet the ground descends so A’cry rapidly that I Avas obliged to erect a temporary screen of empty gabions, so ns to prevent the men passing the opening into the trench e from being seen.
It Avill be impossible to use the trench without regular traverses.
3. The second advancing boyau Y of the Quarries, 1 st relief, tAvo Sappers and 50 men; traverses continued, and very nearly completed ; the passage round them is about seven feet wide at present.
The small return in the parapet at the end of this boyau has likeAvise been thickened and heightened, so as to answer the purposes of a traverse.
4. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, 1st relief, one Sapper and 30 men improving cover in a rocky portion of trench commenced some time back, by placing barrels above the gabions, and filling with earth and stones ; these barrels Avere taken from the Russian trench g, Avhicli runs nearly at right angles to our general line; advanced about 60 feet on the right (1st relief tAvo Sappers and 70 men), and cut through an opening into the old Russian rifle-pit li. Ground Avithin all rock.
1855 .
July 6, Night.
8 r.Ai. to 2 a. m.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
347
Left Attack.
1855.
July 7, Bay.
4 A.M. to S A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . , . , £
Sappers . . . £ Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men,
2d relief, 200 „
1st relief, 07 men.
2d relief, 9 „
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
1st Relief.
Thirty-two Sappers blasting in fourth parallel ; one Sapper and 30 men clearing rock blasted on right of fourth parallel ; one Sapper and 30 men thickening parapet, and revetting at No. 13 battery ; one Sapper and 20 men excavating earth for a place for shells to be filled, and wheeling earth to No. 8 ; one Sapper and ten men revetting merlon in No. 8 with stones ; one Sapper and 13 men carrying platforms to No. 15 ; one Sapper and 15 men carrying platforms to No. 16 ; one Sapper and 15 men carrying and collecting stores.
2d Relief.
One Sapper and 40 men revetting and thickening parapet at No. 1 ; one Sapper and 40 men revetting
Right Attack.
5. New communication k to old Russian trench, 1st relief, four Sappers and 101 men, placed and filled 175 gabions, and obtained very good cover; trench on an average four feet wide and two feet deep ; ample cover for working during the daytime ; improving No. 1 right demi-parallel, replacing the gabions which had fallen down.
6. No. 18 battery, 1st relief, two Sappers and 81 men, continuing the construction of magazines, and improving the parapet.
7. Old rifle-pit a, 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men making up parapet for converting it into a 2-gun battery, No. 19, strengthening it.
8. The enemy kept up a very heavy fire during the whole night upon the working parties at the Right advance, which prevented my advancing during more than half the time. A continual succession of light- balls were thrown near the place, discovering to the enemy our precise position and work. In placing the four gabions alluded to, and in endeavouring to fill them, three men were hit by grape. This determined me not to proceed.
The enemy seemed to have large working parties employed in the interior of the Redan.
WoundtMl, 1 rank and filo.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 80°. Showers in forenoon.
1855.
July 7, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 r.M. to 7 p.m.
Working Party.
Line . . . ' £ Sappers . . . ^
Officers on duty £
1st relief, 400 men.
2d relief, 400 ,,
1st relief, 24 men.
2d relief, 28 „
Lieut. Pisher, R.E. Lieut. Darrah, R.E.
1st llelief.
1. Left advanced trench, right portion, one Sapper and 30 men, employed in deepening the work commenced on the last two nights, at the same time strengthening the parapet. There is cover now for day work in nearly half this extreme right portion.
2. Left advanced trench, left portion f, three Sappers and 30 men ; these men were not able to work in the whole of the trench, as there was not sufficient cover ; as it was only commenced in the night, however, they worked in about one third of the work, deepening the trench. A portion of men were forming banquette step to the trench from which this last one branches out.
x x 2

348
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
with barrels, and thickening parapet at No. 16 ; one Sapper and 40 men excavating for filling shells in No. 13, and wheeling away to No. 8 ; one Sapper and 20 men carrying platforms to No. 14 battery ; one Sapper and 20 men carrying and collecting stores for depot. In the afternoon the enemy kept a brisk fire on the French Left, which was returned. Nothing of importance occurred.
Rigiit Attack.
3. Approach y to Left advanced trench, three Sappers and 40 men ; these men were employed in the construction of the two traverses, deepening the communication round them, and throwing up the earth on both sides so as to form the traverse and parapet at the same time ; ten of these men were strengthening the parapet at the end of the approach by building it up about four feet thicker from the outside.
4. Old Russian trench, 4tli parallel, two Sappers and 60 men, improving cover, which is now tolerably good as far as the second Russian rifle-pit x, also building banquette step of stones, where required.
5. No. 14 battery, one Sapper and 20 men, repairing an embrasure, which required revetting again entirely.
6. No. 18 battery, half brigade of Sappers and 46 men, covering magazines and traverses with earth taken from the rear of the terrepleine.
7. New trenches k, to communicate between No. 19 and old Russian trench, half brigade Sappers and 154 men ; these men were employed on the whole of the work which was commenced last night, and obtained fair cover in all but the most advanced portion, where the soil was rocky.
8. Right approaches, one Sapper and 20 men, improving trench in one portion where some of the parapet had fallen in ; sentries over tools, stores, &c. in various depots on the works, half brigade Sappers.
2d Relief.
1. Left advanced trench, right portion, one Sapper and 30 men, employed as in last relief, widening and deepening trench.
2. Left advanced trench, left portion f, one Sapper and 20 men. The enemy’s batteries being silent, the men worked for two hours in the whole of the trench which was commenced last night, but the Garden batteries firing on them later in the day, they were ordered to retire ; they then worked in the trench in rear, constructing banquette step, &e.
3. Approach y to Left advanced trench, three Sappers and 40 men ; ten of these men were employed at each of the traverses in this trench ; 20 men were thickening the parapet at the end of the approach.
The enemy fired so much on this party that they were withdrawn, and set to work widening the passage round the mortars in the Quarries. It is likely, from the fire of the enemy being directed unusually on this

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
349
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
work, that they imagine we are constructing a battery there which might annoy the Garden batteries.
4. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, one Sapper and 50 men employed in improving this trench, and ranking a stone banquette where required.
5. No. 14 battery, one Sapper and 20 men completed the revetment of the two embrasures commenced last relief.
6. No. 18 battery, five Sappers, one brigade carpenters, and 120 men, throwing up earth to cover the two magazines and traverse, also laying two mortar platforms on left of battery; almost completed.
7. Collecting tools and clearing trenches where required, one Sapper and 20 men.
8. Fifty men were employed carrying gabions to j the Left advanced trench, and 30 to the Right rifie- ! pit n ; about 200 gabions were taken down from the : 21-gun battery.
| 9. Sentries over tools, &e., half brigade of Sappers.
In addition to the regular relief, the following working parties were employed during the middle of the day :—
i One brigade Sappers, of whom half brigade were I sentries ; two men helping the snilors to repair a ! magazine in the 21-gun battery, and two men laying j three courses of sandbags over the fascines on the top of the general’s hut ; one brigade of carpenters laying down mortar platform, No. 18 battery ; one corporal of Sappers and 26 miners of the Line blasting rock in third parallel and advanced trench.
I have to report that in consequence of some mis- j take the working party ordered by the general of the | trenches, of 200 men from the light division, to ] parade at 3 r.M., did not appear at the time and place : specified, and it was not till 5 r.M. that I was enabled to procure a party for the work in No. 18 battery, and to carry gabions.
I have further to report, that at about 9.30 a.m. a i large party of French soldiers made a rush at our i gabions placed in the ravine in the charge of a J Sapper sentry, and in spite of all his efforts carried I off about 100 of them, which they broke up for fire j wood.
I The sentry, Private Calderwood, 10th Company, j Royal Sappers and Miners, informs me that the 1 officers encouraged the men in doing it, and on his ; remonstrating by signs, they laughed at him. IIow-

350
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Lf.vt Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly', U.E.
Thirty men in the trench v, from left of fourth parallel to Cemetery, improving the cover ; 15 men in the trench x, from third parallel to the ravine on left, making sereens for blasting party ; 60 men on the left gun portion of No. 14 battery, thickening the parapet ; 25 men altering the embrasures of the two guns in No. 14 batteiy, which formerly fired on the Quarries, to fire on the Redan ; 20 men in communication from right of fourth parallel to rifle-pit y, overlooking Woronzoff Road ; 20 men making three rifle-pits z, one overlooking clievaux-de-frise in road, a second about 200 yards to the left of this, and a third in front of the fourth parallel; 40 men in No. 16 battery revetting and thickening the parapet.
Killed, 1 officer.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S. Thermometer in shade 86°.
1855.
July 7, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A M.
Right Attack.
ever, on Lieut. Darrah appearing in sight, the officers left, and he did not himself see them among the men. Lieut. Darrah spoke to one officer, yvIio was passing at the time with the reliefs, and he promised to report it to his commanding officer ; but no French officer interfered to assist in putting a stop to the depredation, nor in recovering such of the gabions as ivere not destroyed. The only persons yvIio did assist rverc a sergeant-major of Zouaves and sergeant and corporal of the Line.
Lieut. Darrah spoke to one officer yvIio appeared to belong to the party, and told him that the gabions YY r ere our property, also pointing out the Sapper sentry yvIio had charge of them; but the officer replied, that as the Sapper had no carbine they could not recognize him as a sentry, but made no excuse for liaY'ing taken the gabions.*
* General Pelissier ordered the gabions to be replaced by an equal number, and that the offenders should be severely punished.
Working Party.
Line .... 500 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
fCapt. Sedley, U.E. Officers on duty ■< Lieut. Anderbon, OGtli (. ltcgt.
Three brigades Sappers, Yvho Yvere distributed in general superintendence of the Yvorks, and some in charge of stores, &e.
Five hundred men of the Line employed in the folloYving manner :—
Fifty men extending the flying sap on the right of adY'anced fifth parallel.
Forty men do. on the left of do.
Fifty men carrying stone from Russian Quarry to build a Yvall to meet the end of the extension of the Right adY'anced parallel.
Seventy men in Russian trench, Yvidening trenches and extending them.
TYvcnty men in the hcyv traverses in trench y, near the advanced parallel.
Forty men raising the parapet near the general’s hut (by his desire) ; 50 men bringing in old Russian barrels in front of the Russian trench ; 200 men in No. 18 batteiy. A good deal of Yvork was done in the Left flying sap f, advanced parallel ; and I must report Private John Gardner, 7tli Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, in charge of this work, as liaY'ing done his duty Yvell.
Very little Yvork Yvas done in the Right extension of the advanced fifth parallel, OYving to the enemy’s
1855.
July 7, Night.
S r.M. to 2 A.M.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
351
Left Attack.
| Right Attack.
| light-balls, and the constant fire of grape they kept | up on the working party, several of whom cvere killed i and wounded.
; A great number of the barrels previously mentioned were brought into our trenches, and the stone wall from the Russian Quarry was built to a length of 81 feet. A working party of the 88th Regiment, under | Lieut. Vernon of that corps, did this work splendidly ; under a very heavy fire. I have nothing further to I report.
Day very fine. Wind (light) S. Thermometer in . shade 86°.
Reports from the Look-out Station Camp.
1855 . The usual number of carts arrived by the upper road, some with sacks, others gabions and
July i. hay, but a large proportion empty.
July 2. Three or 400 carts moved from Sebastopol, apparently heavy laden, about noon yesterday, proceeding along the North Road.
July 5. One hundred and twenty-nine carts or waggons arrived with gabions on the north side. The boats bringing gabions to the south shore, also some large gabions or sap rollers left the north shore. 114 empty waggons or carts, and 46 heavily laden,' went out by the town road.
Two large barges full of men left the south for the north shore.
The Malakoff and Redan have had their parapets fresh gabioned and earthed, and the parapets raised, during the last two nights, and appear in a perfect state of repair.
Two field butteries with wuggons (six guns each), which arrived in the camp on the north the night before Inst, have shifted their position rather lower down the hill.
The shells from Greenhill and Gordon’s batteries appear to have fallen iti the centre of the town not far from the green-roofed church.
July 6 . About 200 men arrived ; came to Sebastopol by the upper road. The Russians had working
parties adding to the 12-gun battery on the north side. Many gabions were brought in and across to the
south shore. 578 carts moved towards Sebastopol (212 of them with gabions) ; came by the east road.
At seven f.m. the steamer towed two barges laden with men to the north side. About the same number of carts that moved yesterday towards Sebastopol quitted the north side again for the country.
July 7. About 120 bullock carts returned empty by the lower road to the north shore during
yesterday. About 112 came in laden with gabions, also 14 with white covers and five with hay.
There seems to be a daily increase in the mud hovels in the vicinity of the camps on the north shore, and the camp that was pitched near the 12-gun battery has been entirely removed, without any increase being observed.
It is presumed that the long white building, with a green roof and arcade, in the middle of the town, is used for a barrack now, rs a number of soldiers are lounging about and passing in and out.
The Russian Cemeteries still increase greatly, and larger working parties were employed there yesterday. Four large rafts piled with gabions 'were towed to the south side landing place, and soon after one of them to the rear of the Malakoff. Nine carts brought gabions up the road to the Redan. About 3,000 men marched into the north fort or camp from the Mackenzie Farm Road about 5.30 p.m. One of the ships was hit from the French battery on the sea opposite the Russian Quarantine Fort. Volumes of smoke came from her deck and stern ports for a quarter of an hour. Several boats full of men crossed to the north side, and bullocks were brought over to the south.

352
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
BRIGADE ORDERS.
1855. Pnv. No. 1. The reports on the operations of the 18tli ultimo having been submitted for the July 1 . perusal of his Lordship the late Commander-in-Chief, the Major-General Commanding has
hitherto been unable, owing to detention of those documents, to express his approbation of the gallantry and zeal of the officers of Royal Engineers and non-commissioned officers and privates of the Royal Sappers and Miners on that occasion.
Deeply regretting the loss of those who fell, he begs the survivors to accept his best thanks for their exertions ; and it will be his duty to bring specially to the notice of the Inspector General of Fortifications the names of Sergeants Landry and Coppin, and Private J. Perie, as having highly distinguished themselves.
July 4. Par. No. 4. The directors of the two attacks are requested to have accurate measurements made as follows :—
The height of the sill of the embrasure for every description of gun-carriage used in the siege operations, at the same time describing the nature of the carriage and length of trail from the axletree. Whenever these measurements have been made they are to be sent to Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon, who is requested to have them entered in the book which the Major-General has ordered to be kept as a record of the details of the engineer service during the siege.
Memorandum. Head-Quarters, 4th July 1855.
Referring to Memo. No. 703, 21st ultimo, there will be for the future a second adjutant of the trenches, Right attack, who will assist, under the orders of the field-officer on duty, in detailing and furnishing working parties required by the Royal Engineer department.
His station will be in the Quarries.
By ordei-,
(Signed) W. L. Pakenha.m,
Lieut.-Colonel, A.A.G.
Memorandum by Commanding Royal Engineer.
The English were requested to take charge of the Mamelon adjoining the Cemetery on our Left, as it was extremely difficult for the French to keep up a communication with it, on account of the Russian fire from the batteries immediately above it.
On the 4th the following memorandum was approved by the Commander of the Forces, and circulated among the general officers in the trenches, for their information.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol,
Confidential Memorandum. 5th July 1855.
The troops in the trenches, Right attack, should be so posted as to be able, in the event of an enemy making a sortie with a large body of troops, successfully to repulse him, on whichever point he may direct his attack, which in all probability would be on one or both flanks. Under that supposition, the guards of the trenches should be proportioned accordingly, and the greater number stationed on the right flank, this being the most exposed or most open to an attack.
The officer commanding on this flank should have his attention directed to the support which he is to afford the left flank of the French troops, should the enemy move in force against the Mamelon, or attempt to move round to its rear by the ravine. If attacked on his own front, he must resist every attempt the enemy may make to force in; and if he should try to push through by the centre, the officer commanding will

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
353
cause his posts stationed in that part to fall back upon him at the small knoll in front of No. 8 mortar battery, showing a front facing to the centre, and bearing upon the left flank of the enemy, leaving his front to be opposed by the men stationed in the third parallel and the batteries in its rear.
The Left of our attack may expect to be assailed at the same time that the Eight may find itself engaged with the enemy. Any largo body of men attacking the Left advance will move out by the left flank of the Redan, and move along the glacis so as to get into the rear of our advanced work. As there are several lines of intrenchments here, the guard of the trenches should be so stationed that the men in the rear work will be able and ready to fire upon the enemy, should he have forced the line in their front, it being of very great importance that the enemy should not gain even temporary possession of any of these works ; they must therefore be defended to the uttermost. Should the enemy attempt to push in by the centre, the men stationed in the trenches on the Right of the advance should retire upon the Quarries, showing a front to the enemy’s right flank.
It is considered that if these instructions are strictly complied with, and that the officers of all ranks have their duties previously clearly explained to them, the enemy will meet with such a powerful fire on both flanks as will prevent him from forcing the centre.
The third parallel is to be manned in such parts only as the commanding officer may consider necessary, taking care not to place any men in front of the artillery in batteries 9, 13, 14, and 17. It will be necessary that the general officer should explain to the officers of the Royal Artillery stationed in these batteries what his arrangements for defence are to be, and to make the necessary regulations about firing.
The general officer on duty to make himself acquainted where the French advanced posts are stationed. This should be communicated to the officer commanding in the Right advance, and also to the officers of the Royal Artillery, in order that no mistakes may occur.
Artillery.
The guns in every battery which can play upon the ground between the salient angle of the Redan and MalakofF Tower should, before sunset, be laid upon some particular point or object, loaded, and ready to fire the instant an alarm takes place, or according to the orders the general officer may have given to him, by a brisk, well-sustained, and well-directed fire.
Battery No. 17 will be a very important one to fire upon any column or body of troops moving in front of Malakoff, also advancing against the Mamelou.
The Artillery on the Left attack must also be prepared to fire smartly upon the glacis of the right face of the Redan, should the enemy move out in that direction. The advanced parallel should every night have good marksmen stationed in it, and officers in command of them should have full directions what they are to do. Those in the right of tho parallel to take care and observe well, before dusk, the direction of the advanced works of the Right attack, S o that nothing may take place to injure or annoy the men stationed in those works. The general officer on duty in the Left attack should pay particular attention to his advance, taking care that his orders are strictly and fully attended to by the officer stationed there. What is required is, that a steady and well-directed fire be kept up if the enemy moves out by the right of the Redan.
(Signed) Harry D. Jokes,
Major-General,
Commdg. Royal Engineers.
The general officer on duty in the Left attack to take all necessary precautions for securing his left flank in the Picquet-house Ravine.
Approved,
(Signed) J. Simpsox,
Lieut.-General Commanding.
Y Y

354
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
Right Attack.
Battery No. 18 completed to receive its armament; battery No. 19 commenced.
The Russian trench nearest to the third parallel has been converted to our use, and is now occupied by the troops. This has been a work of great labour ; many parts were through rock, and earth had to be carried there to form the parapet. The conversion of the Russian trench into a fourth parallel, and the right of the advanced works in front of the Quarry which have been extended to form a junction with the above, has been a slow and tedious operation, from the interruptions caused by the heavy fire which the enemy has directed upon these works, and the numerous light-balls thrown by them, and which burn for nearly half an hour.
Traverses have been thrown up in the Quarries, to protect the workmen and guard of the trenches from the effects of the enemy’s fire from the Garden batteries and Bastion du Mat.
From the proximity of our works to the Redan, a great many casualties have taken place, principally from the vertical fire of grape and grenades, which fall nearly perpendicularly into our trenches.
Left Attack.
Batteries 15 and 16 nearly ready to receive the guns and mortars. The rifle-pit in front of fourth parallel greatly improved ; made a communication from it to the fourth parallel.
The lodgment in the Cemetery made secure, and a good communication to it from fourth parallel.
The chevaux-de-frise in the Woronzoff Road moved more in advance. The enemy have kept up a very heavy fire of grape and shells upon the advanced works. Fortunately the number of casualties has not been great.
The enemy has been working hard in the Redan and on its right flank, and also extending his works round the crest of the ravine on the left flank of the Redan; working hard behind Malakoff, and on the line of works extending from thence to the harbour.
The French are working hard on the right; but the rocky nature of the soil, and the heavy fire from the enemy’s batteries, cause the progress to be slow, and many casualties occur nightly.
A shell was thrown on board one of the Russian line-of-battle ships from a French battery near Quarantine Bay ; a considerable quantity of smoke was seen to issue from the ship’s ports.
Lieut. James, R.E., on the night of the 2d fell into the enemy’s hands. Having taken a wrong path from the Woronzoff Ravine when he was about to return to the parallel above him, in consequence he walked into the enemy’s picquet, and was made a prisoner.
About the 4th, the French Commander-in-Chief expected a sortie to be made, with a view of driving the French out of the Mamelon. Every preparation made for such an event; every gun that could fire upon the approaches to the Mamelon was turned in that direction.
Occasionally very heavy but partial showers of rain.
The camp on the north side appears to be greatly increased.
On the 5th, General Jones, accompanied by General Beuret, commanding the artillery of the French Right attack, visited the Russian redoubt, 2 de Mai, or Zabalkanski Battery, which was captured on the 7th June. The French are working hard to establish themselves in it. It is very much exposed to the enemy’s fire; and being such an important point, and so many advantages

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
355
to be gained by its possession, it is surprising that the Russians did not make a more determined attempt to preserve it.
The late heavy rains have done some damage to the works ; the lines covering Balaclava have in parts been a good deal injured.
On the 2d a conference took place at General Jones’s hut. The subject of his Memo, of the 30th June was taken into consideration. It was agreed to construct a battery on the left flank of the Mamelon, and that the guns in the Picquet-house Ravine should be withdrawn, and placed in a more advanced position. It was settled that the artillery of the two armies should fire upon any large bodies of men when seen moving about the town.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855 .
July a, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 2i P.M. to 6i P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . | Officer on duty
1st relief, 130 men. 2d relief, 200 „ 1st relief, 65 men. 2d relief, 21 „ Capt. Abmit, R.E.
1855 .
July 8, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A. rtf.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . ^ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 330 men.
2d relief, 400 „
19 men.
Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1st Relief.
Miners were employed blasting at right of fourth parallel, communication to Captain Hassard’s rifle- pit y, at ditch of No. 7 battery, and communication v to Cemetery, also the road leading through communication k from fourth boyau to No. 8 battery ; at No. 8, a portion of revetment at front of traverse rebuilt.
At No. 13, new magazine to be excavated ; at No. 14, left traverse building and terrepleine widened, earth thrown on parapet, also two gun platforms laid ; No. 15, revetting parapet, and excavating for mortar portions ; new traverse between third and second parallel in progress ; No. 16 covering magazine and revetting parapet with tubs and stones ; revetting sea-service mortar parapet.
No casualties.
2d Relief.
Same as 1st relief, and cutting bank for place to pile shell in No. 13 battery, but no blasting, the parties being, as usual, broken off.
No casualties.
About 6.45 an explosion in front of the salient of the Flagstaff Battery.
1st Relief.
Two Sappers and 50 men at the Right advance.
One Sapper and 30 men making new traverses in front of the Quarries.
Two Sappers and 20 men carrying tools and cleaning the trenches.
Six Sappers and 80 men at the old Russian trenches.
Six Sappers and 50 men, communications to the Russian trench.
Two Sappers and 100 men at No. 18 battery.
2d Relief.
One Sapper and 40 men at the Right advance. One Sapper and 40 men building the walls and traverses. One Sapper and 10 men at the new small-arm magazine in the Quarries. One Sapper and 110 men in the old Russian parallel. One Sapper and 60 men at No. 18 battery. One Sapper and 60 men at the new communication k to old Russian trench. One Sapper and 14 men at No. 19 battery. One Sapper and 40 men at traverses in the new communication.
Remarks.
Twenty men were placed in the Left advance f during the morning relief, but on account of the fire were withdrawn, and transferred to the wall in front of the Quarries. Four men were wounded in the Left advance f. 50 men, ordered to parade in No. 18 battery, did not arrive.
T x 2

356
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Fabtt.
July a, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 a.m.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Belsox, R.E.
July S, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
Line
1st relief, 550 men. 2d relief, 400 „
Sappers ... 20 „
CLieut. Graham, R.E. Officers on duty < Capt. Wolseley, 90th (. Regiment.
The parapet of the communication v in front of the Caves was continued to be built up with stones, and the trench was cleared out ; loop-holes were made with small barrels in the place-of-arms e 2 , on the left of the fourth parallel, and the parapet was thickened ; the revetment of the parapet of No. 13 battery opposite the left-hand mortar was altered, by bring- it in, so as to thicken the parapet.
The embrasures of Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 guns, No. 8 battery, were revetted anew with gabions, and the soles of them cut down lower ; the parapet of No. 14 battery was thickened opposite Nos. 1, 6, 9, and 10 guns, and opposite Nos. 4 and 5 guns it was altered to agree with the new bearing of these guns. A new rifle-pit j was commenced on the brow of the hill, about 50 yards in advance of the left of the fourth parallel, and on the right of that parallel. Miners were employed blasting in the trench s y leading to our old rifle-screen y, and men were also deepening it. A new rifle-pit z, commanding a view of the chevaux-de-frise in the 'VVoronzoff Road, was also connected by a trench z z 1 with our old one z '.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 85 degrees.
1st Relief.
Right advance sap in, 80 men and three Sappers. Russian Quarry, where we made a wall, 50 men and three Sappefs. In Russian trench, fifth parallel, CO men and two Sappers.
Left sap, 50 men and Sappers ; in front of No. 17 battery, 40 men and one Sapper ; small-arm magazine in rear of Quarries, 10 men and one Sapper ; 30 men to the rear of the rifle-pit trench v ; 50 men widening and cutting out traverses in trench from left of No. 18 battery ; 10 men and one Sapper at magazine in No. 8 battery ; 15 men widening into and cutting a ramp in No. 18 battery ; eight men at work on top of magazines in No. 18 ; 137 men in new communication k from No. 18 battery to Russian trench ; 100 men, -without arms, carried down gabions from the engineer park to the right rifle-pit x.
2d Relief.
One hundred men and six Sappers in Russian trench ; 50 men and two Sappers in Right advance ; 30 men in front of No. 17 battery ; 20 men and one Sapper at traverse in Left advance f; 10 men and one Sapper at small-arm magazine ; 30 men in the trench in real’ of rifle-pit N ; 50 men in trench to the left of No. 18 battery ; 20 men at the magazine in No. 8 battery ; 10 men at -work on magazines in No. 18 battery ; 20 men in No. 19 battery, and 70 men in communication k between No. 18 battery and Russian trench. 19 gabions were pushed on in the Right advance, fifth parallel ; but Lieut. Graham having been unfortunately struck in the face with some stones from a round shot, and consequently forced to leave his party on the Left advanced sap f, the officer of the 62d Regiment who commanded the party withdrew his men, telling the Sapper then in charge that he considered it too dangerous for Line men. Owing to this, no progress was made in that direction. The adjutant not knowing his -way about the trenches caused our working parties to be considerably late.
The enemy kept up a continual fire of shells and grape, and then a number of light-balls, w’liich greatly interrupted our work. The special working party only consisted of 150 men, instead of 200. There was an

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
35 7
Left Attack.
1855.
July 9, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 170 men.
’ * ( 2d relief, 200 ,,
fist relief, 30 men.
* * (.2(1 relief, 8 „
Lieut. Gordon, It.E.
1st Relief.
Sixty men employed in Nos. 15 find 16 batteries, excavating for mortar and gun platforms, magazines, &c. No. 3 gun platform was laid in No. 14. 20 men in No. 13 battery excavating for magazine, and indenting parapet ; 25 men employed in carrying timber to Nos. 13 and 16 batteries, for magazines, platforms, &c. ; 10 men in No. 9 revetting embrasure and repairing traverse ; 25 men in No. 16 excavating for platforms and revetting interior slope ; 20 men in fourth parallel excavating and improving cover with blasters.
2d Relief.
One hundred men in Nos. 14 and 15 batteries employed in the same way as in the 1st relief; 30 men in No. 13 battery, employed in the same way as in the 1st relief; 24 men employed iii carrying 100 pieces of platform to No. 16 battery ; 10 men in No. 9 employed in the same way as in the 1st relief; 36 men in No. 16 battery employed in the same way as in the 1st relief. Nothing of importance occurred during the day.
The French kept up a heavy fire on tlieir Left attack about 3 r.ir. for two hours.
Rigiit Attack.
explosion, seemingly a magazine, at 6.0 r.M. yesterday, in the French trenches before the Bastion du Mat (Flagstaff Battery).
Lieut. Graham wounded severely.
Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 85 degrees.
1855.
July 9, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M. 3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . . . |
Sappers . . . (
Officers on duty
1st relief, 400 nidi.
2d relief, 400 „
1st relief, 28 men.
2d relief, 16 „ Lieut. Fisher, R.15. Lieut. Somerville, It.E.
Lieut. Darrait, R.E.
1st Relief.
1. Advanced trench, fifth parallel, in front of Quarries (Right), two Sappers and 50 men improving cover by widening and deepening trench in the parts commenced on the two nights previous.
2. Old Russian trench, fifth parallel, six Sappers and 100 men improving the thickness of the parapet on the extreme Right, also building banquette where wanting.
3. Small-arm ammunition magazine in rear of Quarries, one Sapper and 10 men ; excavation continued for the entrance and body of this magazine ; about one-third of tlio depth required lias been obtained.
4. Traverses in second advanced boyau Y from Quarries, one Sapper and 20 men continued the construction of the traverses and passages round them ; completed this relief.
5. Trench in front of No. 17 battery, one Sapper and 30 men ; this trench is in very bad order ; the party were employed in replacing such gabions as required it, and also thickening the parapet.
6. No. 19 battery, three Sappers and 50 men building parapet and epaulment, also improving the cover in the trench in front of the left epaulment. The enemy fired very heavily, both with shot and shell, at the men employed in this work.
7. Right communication k to Russian trench, one Sapper and 50 men thickening parapet, and at the same time deepening the trench. The construction of the two traverses was also continued.
8. No. 8 battery, one Sapper and 20 men revetting entrance to magazine with sandbags, and increasing the thickness of earth on the top.
9. No. 18 battery, half brigade Sappers and 80 men continued the construction of the three traverses,

358
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
placed and filled all the gabions in the right traverse, and revetted partially with stones ; increased the height of the other two, and revetted them with stones; also excavated in the terrepleine for the platforms.
10. Sentries over tools, &c., half brigade Sappers.
2d Relief.
1. Advanced trench,"fifth parallel, front of Quarries, two Sappers and 30 men continued deepening and widening trench as in last relief.
2. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, one Sapper and 70 men, thickening the parapet on the extreme right, also making good the banquette.
3. Trench in front of No. 17 ; this work was continued where the soil admits of excavation ; in the rocky portions I had earth carried in baskets from elsewhere, and thrown over to strengthen the parapet.
4. Small-arm ammunition magazine and engineers officers’ hut adjoining, one Sapper and 20 men ; the magazine was continued, and a hut commenced in the same bank, and 30 feet from this magazine, for the engineer officer employed in the front.
5. Communication in rear of mortars in Quarries, one Sapper and 20 men; these mortars being placed in the centre of the Quarries, there was not sufficient room to pass round the rear, this was cleared ; and when completed this party was sent to No. 13 battery, to raise the new traverse.
6. Carrying handbarrows, one Sapper and 10 men ; these men were employed in bringing down hand- barrows from the 21-gun battery to the Quarries ; they then collected and sorted the tools, and examined the chevaux-de-frise which are in the Quarries, finding out of 19 cylinders 11 complete and eight incomplete or injured by shot, &c.
7. No. 8 battery, eight men ; four employed in repairing magazine ; the other four in carrying down sleepers for relaying a mortar platform.
8. No. 18 battery, two Sappers and 60 men heightening and strengthening the traverses ; eight of these men were employed in carrying down gabions from the 21-gun battery.
9. No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 20 men constructing parapet.
10. Right communication k with Russian trench, two Sappers and 100 men widening and deepening this trench ; in the first portion the average work done was one foot in width, and deepened six inches ;

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
359
Left Attack.
WORKING PARTY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Two Sappers and 30 men excavating and building into parapet loose stones left by t-lie miners in the communication v, left of the fourth parallel to the Cemetery ; fourth parallel, No. 3, place-d’armes d, two Sappers and 20 men employed in building up and thickening parapet near loop-holes ; No. 8 battery, two Sappers and 20 men employed in cutting down soles of 5, 6, 7, 8 embrasures; pit y, overlooking Woronzoff Road, 50 men and four Sappers employed connecting y i, and improving cover from z to i ; two Sappers cutting in trench k from 4tli boyau to third parallel ; No. 14 battery, 26 men clearing out and lowering soles of embrasures and thickening the parapet; two Sappers and four men completed traverse in communication to the Caves ; No. 16 battery, two Sappers and 20 men, throwing forward stones, &c., placing good earth on the parapet ; No. 11 battery, two Sappers and 20 men completed two embrasures, revetting with iron hurdles.
The enemy kept up a heavy fire through the night, more especially from the Redan, and on the French Left.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 88°.
1855.
July 9, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Right Attack.
in the new trench the average was six inches in width.
Four brigades of carpenters were employed during the day as follows :—
One brigade at new magazine, No. 19 battery, widening passage ; one brigade at No. 8 batteiy, laying a platform ; sleepers all laid, and two pieces of sheeting complete ; two brigades, No. 18 battery, laying two mortar platforms; laid sleepers of No. 3 from the Left from sea-service mortar; the same in No. 4 from Left; but for this one the sheeting is prepared ready for spiking down at once.
One corporal Sapper and 26 men from the Line employed in the Right communication k with Russian trench, old Russian trench, fourth parallel, and advanced trench, fifth parallel, in front of Quarries, blasting rock where required.
Sentries over tools, &c., half brigade Sappers.
1855.
July 9, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
. . 600 men.
. . 31 „
duty |
Lieut. Fisiier, U.E. Lieut. Dar&aii, It.E.
1. Advanced trench, fifth parallel, in front of Quarries (Right), two Sappers and 70 men ; those men were employed in deepening this trench; we succeeded also in filling all the gabions, which have been placed, and replacing such as had been knocked away by the enemy’s fire ; sandbags are placed also in the intervals between most of the gabions.
2. Quarry on right of advanced trench, one corporal, half brigade Sappers, and 80 men ; this party were placed out in the Russian quarry to the right of our trench, and employed in building a wall out of the loose stones, to meet our trench, fifth parallel, on its left, and an old Russian trench on the right ; it was extended for 157 yards towards our trench, and for eight yards in the other direction ; we were unable to perform a greater quantity of work, from the number of times we were interrupted by light-balls, which were immediately followed by two discharges of grape or cannister, and two or three shells ; however, there are only 20 yards between the right gabion and left of the wall (which, however, is not yet high enough) ; and from an examination of the ground between I am in hopes that we shall be able to excavate a trench in rear, and possibly work with gabions in a good deal of this ground.

360
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOFOL.
Lekt Attack.
Eight Attack.
3. Advanced trench f (Left), one Sapper and 30 men deepening trench, also replacing and filling gabions, many of which have been knocked away.
4. Small-arm ammunition magazine and engineers’ hut, one Sapper and 20 men ; the excavation for these works was continued, the former being within two feet of the head of the trench.
5. No. 13 battery, half brigade Sappers and 15 men repairing the two left embrasures.
6. No. 14 battery, half brigade Sappers and 35 men repairing embrasures throughout ; all completed and in good order.
7. 21-gun battery, half brigade Sappers and 50 men repairing Nos. 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 embrasures; all completed.
8. No. 18 battery, one Sapper and 16 men levelling on top of parapet and traverses.
9. No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 20 men constructing parapet and left epaulmeut ; this party, as well as that in 18 battery, and the new communication m to the Russian trench, was frequently fired on.
10. Right communication k to Russian trench, three Sappers and 190 men deepening and widening trench throughout the entire length ; part of the soil very bad ; however, there is now tolerable cover throughout.
11. No. 9 battery, one Sapper and 10 men repairing magazine.
12. Sentries over tools, &e., half brigade Sappers.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer
in shade 88°.
1855.
July 10, Say.
5 A.M. to 9 P.M. 21 r.M. to 61 r.M.
Working Partt.
r . . Cist relief,400 men.
1Ane • • • • 12d relief, 400 „
Sappers ... 40 men.
( Capt. Cooke, R.E.
Officers on duty 1 Lieut. Anderson, 90th (. Eegt.
1855.
July lO, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 P.M.
S P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Partt.
Cist relief,400 men.
Sappers ... 69 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, R.A.
1. Forty men in No. 15 battery excavating for platforms to thicken and revet parapet.
1st Relief.
1. Battery No. 18, building- traverses and laying platforms, 1st relief, two Sappers and 30 men ; 2d, two Sappers and 70 men.
3. Twenty men on the right of the fourth parallel clearing away stones, building wall, and throwing earth over.
2. Twenty men to thicken parapet of No. 14 battery, and to revet merlon No. 4 and five guns.
2. Battery No. 19 and approach on its left, building parapet and excavating, 1st relief, two Sappers and 50 men ; 2d, one Sapper and 70 men.
3. New trench k in front of battery- No. 18, widening and deepening, 1st relief, three Sappers and 120 men, 2d relief, three Sappers and 20 men.
4. Forty men to thicken and revet parapet, No. 16 battery, and to raise traverse.
4. Batteries Nos. 13 and 14, repairing the embrasures, eight Sappers and 30 men in both reliefs.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
361
Left Attack.
5. Ten men to deepen trench from No. 7 battery to communication x in rear of Caves.
6. Ten men to carry timber to No. 15 battery for carpenters.
7. Ten men assisting at plank revetment, sea- service mortar.
2d Relief.
8. Seventy-four men in No. 15 battery, excavating for platforms, to thicken and revet parapet.
9. Ten men building traverse on right of No. 8 battery.
10. Forty men to thicken and revet parapet in No. 16 battery.
11. Six men to revet parapet in front of No. 1 traverse, No. 8 battery.
12. Twenty men to thicken parapet, No. 13 battery, and to carry earth to No. 8 battery.
13. Twenty men to carry barrels to No. 15 battery for revetment.
Carpenters.
Two platforms laid in No. 15 battery, one platform in No. 16 battery ; flooring magazine in the second parallel; plank revetment, sea-service mortar.
Blasters.
Fourteen men blasting for platforms in Nos. 14 and 15 batteries ; 11 men in right of the fourth parallel and communication ; seven men blasting in trench v in front communication to the Cemetery.
1855.
July 10, Night.
7 P.M. to 2 A.M.
AVobkino Paett.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Doxxelit, E.E.
Right Attack.
5. 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, eight Sappers and 30 men in each relief.
6. Right advanced trench, fifth parallel in front of Quarries, deepening and widening and thickening the parapet, 1st relief, one Sapper and 50 men.
7. Left advanced trench f in front of Quarries, &c., 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men.
In consequence of casualties from our shells bursting short, these two last parties were discontinued in the 2d relief.
8. Second boyau y in advance of Quarries, making step where traverses have been placed, 1 st relief, one Sapper and 15 men.
9. Trench in front of No. 17 battery, excavating in front of battery, forming banquette, carrying earth excavated to form cover in rocky portion, 1st relief, one Sapper and 15 men.
10. Small-arm ammunition magazine by Quarries, excavating, also hut for engineer officer, 1st relief, 20 men, 2d relief, one Sapper and 20 men.
11. Magazine, rear of Quarries, improving entrance, 1st relief, 12 men.
12. Carrying gabions to No. 19 battery and to the Quarries, for carrying on the Right sap, 2d relief, two Sappers and 30 men.
13. Advanced Russian trench, fifth parallel, making banquette and improving parapet, 2d relief, two Sappers and 120 men.
The guards of the trenches are in the habit of raising the sandbags and gabions which they can lay hands on, to make screens and seats, which is highly detrimental to them.
One hundred of the 2d relief, although they had been demanded from the adjutant of the trenches in the morning for three o’clock, were not paraded until about five.
The fire of the enemy, although heavy, did not molest our working parties, being directed against the batteries.
1855.
July 10, Nigbt.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
AVoekixo Paett.
Line .... 600 men.
Sappers ... IS men.
(Capt. Cooke, R.E.
Officers on duty ■< Major Campbell, 46th t Rest.
1. New trench k in front of No. 18 battery, 143 gabions placed and filled, 200 men and three Sappers.
No. 9 battery, 10 men repairing Nos. 2 and 3 embrasures ; No. 16 battery, 30 men thickening the parapet ; No. 14 battery, 50 men thickening parapet
z z

362
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
of 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 guns, and rebuilding No. 5 embrasure ; 45 men at work at the communications to new rifle-pits in front of right of fourth parallel; 35 men at work in the communication to the Cemetery ; 20 men repairing a traverse and embrasure in No. 3 battery ; 10 men in the communication to No. 14 battery.
Four men, professing to be Frenchmen, were taken in the batteries during the night; two of them were found in No. 8 battery, looking at the guns, and when challenged tried to run away. I believe they were handed over to the French picquet. One officer (Captain Monsell) and four privates were wounded (of the 39tli) in the Cemetery ; one man of the 89th working party was wounded.
The Russians fired the houses immediately in front of the left of fourth parallel on south side of inundation. They burnt all night.
Killed, 1 officer. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 86°.
XS55.
July 11, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party. r . f 1st relief, 226 men.
1 ‘ ,He • • • • 12d relief, 200 men. Sappers. . . {^“ en '
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
1st Relief.
One hundred men in Nos. 14 and 15 batteries, excavating for powder magazines, platforms, shell- rooms, &e.
Two mortar and one gun platforms were laid in these batteries.
Ten men in No. 8 batteiy, repairing the revetment of merlon of No. 6 gun ; 30 men in No. 16 battery,
2. No. 18 battery, building, 38 men and one Sapper.
3. No. 19 battery and traverses, and trench of approach, 41 men and one Sapper.
4. Carrying platforms, 21 men and one Sapper.
5. Left advanced trench f, placed and filled 14 gabions, and improved old part of trench, 50 men and two Sappers.
6. Right advanced trench, fifth parallel, 42 gabions placed and filled, connecting it with end of new wall, 80 men and two Sappers.
7. Building wall in continuation of Right advanced trench m, completed wall about four feet high and two or three feet thick, grape proof, 60 men and four Sappers.
8. Advanced Russian trench, excavating to turn the trench into fifth parallel, considerable progress made, 90 men and three Sappers.
9. Small-arm ammunition magazine and engineers’ hut, continuing excavation, 20 men and one Sapper.
Fire from the enemy not so heavy as usual; no light-balls thrown. One man of the Line was killed in Right advance trench by shot from enemy.
Private Lewis, Royal Sappers and Miners, wounded in the arm ; four men of the Line wounded by one of our shells bursting short.
About 100 of the working party could not be provided until 11 o’clock, although the whole party were warned as soon as they came into the trenches.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and file.
Naval Brigade
Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 0 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 86°.
1855.
July 11, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officers on
1st relief, 400 men. 2d relief, 400 „
20 men.
Capt. Sedley, R.E. Lieut. Brine, R.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and the carpenters in repairing old and laying down new platform.
Men of the Line were employed as follows :—
Right advanced sap, fourth parallel, extending and deepening, 60 men.
Left advanced sap, fifth parallel, extending, &c., 20 men.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
363
Left Attack.
thickening the parapet and preparing places for platforms.
Thirty men employed in carrying timber from No. 5 battery to No. 13 battery (the powder magazine in this battery was finished), and revetting the parapet, sea-service mortar ; 15 men in No. 1 mortar battery, repairing revetment of parapet; 10 men in fourth parallel, clearing away stuff after blasters ; five men, with blasting party, in the left of Caves, clearing away rubbish.
2d Relief.
Ninety men in Nos. 14 and 15 batteries, engaged as in 1st relief; 10 men in the trench k leading from 4tli boyau to No. 14 battery, cutting through roadway ; 30 men iu No. 18 battery, excavating place for shells, &c. ; 40 men in No. 16 battery, employed as in morning relief; 26 men employed in carrying Alder- son platforms from No. 5 battery to Nos. 15 and 16 batteries ; six men employed in No. 1 mortar battery, repairing revetment. Nothing of importance occurred during the day.
Working Party.
Line .... 204 men.
Sappers ... 25 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Beeson, R.K.
In the communication v to the Cemetery in front of the Caves, the stones and loose earth blasted out by the miners in the daytime were built in, and thrown over the parapet ; in No. 14 battery, the embrasures of Nos. 2, 3, and 5 guns were revetted, and the earth piled on the rear of the merlons of the five left guns was thrown to the front, to thicken the parapet. The same was done to thicken the parapet of No. 16 battery.
The cover of one of the new pieces of trench in front of the right of the fourth parallel overlooking the Woronzoff Road was improved, and a new piece about 25 yards long commenced.
The trench leading from the zigzags connecting the right of the second and third parallels down towards the Woronzoff Road was continued further downwards ; two Sappers were employed in blasting through the old artillery road through the trench k from No. 4 boyau to 14 battery.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 87 degrees.
Right Attack.
Magazine hut (small-arm), engineer hut, &e., in Quarries, excavating, &c., 20 men ; Russian trench, forming trench and banquette, 100 men.
At batteries Nos. 18 and 19, working at batteries and forming communications, &c., 200 men.
The working parties worked well, but in the afternoon were greatly annoyed by the enemy’s fire.
Working Party.
Line .... 600 men.
Sappers ... 24 men.
Officers on duty {
Sappers, one serjeant and three brigades employed in general superintendence of work.
Men of the Lino employed as follows :—
Right advanced sap, fifth parallel, extending, &c., 100 men.
Left advanced sap, fifth parallel, extending, &c., 50 men.
Russian trench, 100 men, deepening, strengthening, and extending it.
Battery No. 14, repairing embrasures, 50 men.
In batteries Nos. 18 and 19, 300 men forming battery, and carrying out trench from No. 19 battery. The work performed last night was satisfactory, and there were but few casualties.
Killed, 2. Wounded, 23 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 87 degrees.
1855.
July 11, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
1855.
July 11, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
z z 2

364
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 12, Hay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 4 p.m. to 8 r.M.
"Working Party.
1855.
July 12, Day,
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
12d relief, 400 „
C 1st relief, 24 men.
I 2d relief, 24 „
< Capt. Wolselky, 90th l Kegt.
. jjinc ....
! Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Line .
190 men. 34 „
« ■ iTx
uty Lieut. Neville, It.E.
Fifteen men carrying out timber for platforms to No. 15 battery ; No. 20 men and two Sappers, at No. 13 battery, covered magazine, and excavated place for shell-room ; 20 men and two Sappers, at No. 15 battery, thickening parapet, and clearing terrepleiue ; 25 men and two Sappers, No. 16 battery, throwing earth over parapet to cover stones.
1. Right advance, 1st relief, two Sappers and 50 men, 2d relief, two Sappers and 80 men, widening trench, and thickening parapet wherever there was sufficient cover to make the men work with safety during the daytime ; rebuilding two places where parapet had been destroyed by enemy’s shot, and building banquettes.
The 2d relief the same as the 1st.
2. Batteries Nos. 18 and 19, 1st relief, one brigade Sappers and 200 men, 2d relief, six Sappers and 200 men, levelling the terrepleine of former, and thickening parapet, and revetting the latter ; the old trench to the left was deepened, and parapet raised
One man of the working party and three of the covering party wounded severely ; there was no doctor nearer than the first parallel. No particular movement was observed on the part of the enemy.
and traverses completed ; the latter had to be altered, as they did not sufficiently “ overlap ” the general direction of parapet. During the day one brigade of carpenters, half of the permanent miners, were employed in the new communication m to Russian trench in front of this battery.
3. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, 1st relief, four Sappers and 100 men, 2d relief, three Sappers and 90 men, improving cover, and deepening trench. There is very bad cover and bad ground on the extreme right ; blasting will have to be resorted to. One half of the miners were employed in the centre of this trench, to deepen, &c.
4. 21-gun battery, 1st relief, six Sappers and 50 men, commencing to repair and revet No. 4 embrasure and one magazine. This party could not have worked very diligently; the work did not appear to have been touched when I looked at it during the 2d relief.
5. Magazine in No. 14 battery, 2d relief, one brigade carpenters and 10 men, continuing excavation of passage, placing frames for the same, revetting sides with sheeting, and covering in.
6. Small-arm magazine and engineers’ liut, 2d relief, two Sappers and 10 men, deepening excavation for the same, carrying down the timbers, &c.
7. The enemy was busily employed at about 5 p.sr. in revetting the embrasures of a small 2-gun batteiy, to our right of the Redan, which they have lately converted into a 5 or 6 gun battery. It is intended to fire upon the trench. I do not think that we can depress our guns sufficiently low to be able to fire at it.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
365
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1355. | Working Party.
July 12, Night. Line .... 200 men.
7 p.m. to 2 a.m. officer on duty Oapt.’PEN.v, R.A.
1. Forty men employed to revet place-of-arms d in centre of the fourth parallel, and to make loopholes, to raise traverse, and cut communication round it.
2. Thirty men employed at communication v in front of the Caves to Cemetery, to excavate trench, build wall to screen miners, and to clear out loose earth, stones, &c. left by the miners.
3. Forty men in No. 14 battery, to finish revetment of Nos. 3 and 4 gun portions, to thicken parapets 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and crown the barrel revetment with fascines.
4. Forty men employed to revet right merlon, No. 3 gun, and top of traverse, also to thicken the parapet in No. 16 battery.
5. Thirty men to improve cover of trench connecting rifle-pits yzz 1 in front of fourth parallel.
6. Twenty men to improve cover of trench on right of the third parallel.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, B rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind S.E. Thermometer in shade 84°.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
July 12, Wight. Sappers ... 24 „
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. f Officer on duty | Lieut-ElPnwSTONE,
1. Nos. 18 and 19 batteries, two Sappers and 20 men; the party chiefly employed in shovelling the earth to the front and rear.
2. New communication k to Russian trench, three Sappers and 74 men, improving cover, nnd thickening parapet ; ground very rocky ; not much work done.
3. No. 14 battery, one Sapper and six men continued the construction of the passage of the magazine, deepening, and increasing the earth on top.
4. 21-gun battery, one Sapper and 20 men commenced and partially completed the repairs of Nos. 14, 18,19, and 20 embrasures ; the magazine near the latter gun not yet commenced, owing to scarcity of men.
5. Small-arm magazine and engineers’ hut at Quarries, one Sapper and 10 men, continuing to deepen sill of body to one foot below level of trench, and carrying down the frames and splinter-proofs.
6. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, four Sappers and 120 men continued to increase the cover and deepeu trench, on the extreme right, extended to the right a distance of 83 barrels. Soil pretty fair; removed 150 burrels from ravine sido of parapet.
7. Left advance f, increasing cover at lower end and deepening trench at its entrance into the advanced parallel ; the trench will have still to be deepened in parts, to render it safe for the regular use of troops; two Sappers and 50 men.
8. Right advance, fifth parallel, improving the cover at the portion q commenced on previous nights, where it was still insutficient, and extended to the right a total distance of about 45 yards.
9. The enemy shelled the working parties, but nothing like so frequently as a few days previous.
Two men of the working party were slightly wounded, altogether accidental, not from direct fire upon them.
Killed, 6 rank and file. Wounded, 21.
Day very fine. Wind S.E. Thermometer in shade 83°.

366
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
July 13, Bay.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Wobking Pasty.
Line
fist relief, 150 men.
• • (.2d relief, 200 „
Sappers ... *48 mcu.
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1st Relief.
No. 15 battery, 50 men thickening parapet, making magazines and shell-rooms ; No. 14 battery, 30 men thickening parapet and laying platforms ; No. 16 battery, 30 men at one and two gun portions, thickening parapet, and covering magazine ; 20 men carrying platform and magazine materials to the front.
2d Relief.
No. 15 battery, 60 men,
No. 14 „ 40 „
No. 16 „ 40 „
employed the same w r ay as during 1st relief, and 60 men repairing the second parallel, and clearing it of stones.
One private of the working party was killed in No. 15 battery, and a miner of the 30th Regiment attached to the Sappers wounded. For about an hour the Redan fired heavily on No. 15 battery.
At about 5 r.M., a three-decker in Sebastopol Harbour fired a salute of about 20 or 30 guns, and at this time they were firing slightly along their whole line.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 13, Bay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WOEKING PABTY.
Line .... 1st relief. 400 men.
Sappers ... „ 24 „
Line .... 2(1 relief, 380 „
Sappers ... „ 10 „
. < Lieut. Fishes, R.E.
Officers on duty ( Lieut. Dabbah, R.E.
1st Relief.
1. Advanced trench, fifth parallel, in front of Quarries (right), five Sappers and 60 men, widening and deepening the trench wherever the soil admits of day work in the portion commenced during the last week.
2. Same trench (left portion), two Sappers and 10 men deepening and strengthening the parapet at the extreme left portion.
3. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, seven Sappers and 110 men deepening the trench at the farther end ; the soil variable.
4. Small-arm ammunition magazine and engineers’ hut, one Sapper and 20 men deepening excavations, and carrying down timber to form splinter proofs.
5. No. 18 battery, one Sapper and 20 men throwing loose earth on the parapet and traverses.
6. No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 30 men getting earth from rear to form parapet.
7. Communication k to old Russian trench, fourth parallel, one Sapper and 120 men, deepening the farther end of the trench, and constructing traverses in the first portion.
8. No. 14 battery, one Sapper and 10 men, repairing embrasures.
9. 21-gun battery, one Sapper and 20 men, repairing Nos. 14, 18, 19, and 20 embrasures.
10. Sentries over tools, &c., three Sappers.
Lieut. Elpliinstone reports to me that during the
night previous, 12th to 13th, several shells from the Left attack fell considerably on our side of the abattis.
2d Relief.
1. Advanced trench, fifth parallel, in front of the Quarries (right), one Sapper and 60 men, widening and deepening trench as in last relief ; passing down earth to the right, to form the parapet where the soil does not admit of excavation.
2. Small-arm ammunition magazine and engineers’ hut, completing these excavations ready for the carpenters to commence work, one Sapper and 10 men.
3. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, two Sappers and 80 men working as far to the front as the cover

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
367
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 13, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 a.m.
■Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 22 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
No. 14 battery, a party of 30 men were engaged in this battery, thickening the parapet; No. 16 battery, a party of 20 men were employed in this battery, thickening the parapet.
A party of 30 men were employed in the trench v in front of the Caves, excavating, and building up the wall for miners ; 20 men were employed in thickening the place-of-arms d in the fourth parallel, and cutting round the traverse ; on the right of the fourth parallel, a party of 30 men were employed in excavating and improving the cover ; a party of 20 men were em-
admits of during daylight ; there is fair cover in all that have been reversed, with the exception of a few yards.
4. Communication k to old Russian trench, fourth parallel, two Sappers and 211 men, as in last relief; traverses are nearly finished.
5. No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 30 men,
levelling terrepleine.
6. No. 18 battery, one Sapper and 30 men,
levelling terrepleine.
7. No. 9 battery, three Sappers and 30 men, revetting Nos. 2, 5, and 6 embrasures.
8. 21-gun battery, one Sapper and 10 men,
repairing left embrasure ; completed.
9. Carrying stones, &c. to communication k with Russian trench, 13 men.
10. Sentries over tools and stores in the trenches, half brigade of Sappers.
No casualties occurred among the working parties. I have to report a detachment for repeatedly refusing to work in the advanced trench, on account of the shells. After half an hour they went to work again. Not one casualty occurred. Miners, one corporal, Sappers, and 27 Line. 18 men were employed in blasting rock in communication k to Russian trench, and nine in old Russian trench, fourth parallel, the corporal in general superintendence.
Three brigades carpenters laid the sheeting of one platform in No. 18 batteiy ; took up old platform in No. 13 battery, No. 1 gun ; lowered ground nine inches ; relaid three sleepers, carried down sheeting to cover it; took up a 13-incli mortar platform in No. 12 ; relaid six sleepers.
1855.
July 13, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... '100 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
("Lieut. Fisher, R.E. Officers on duty •< Lieut. Akderson, 96th C Regiment.
1. Advanced trench, fifth parallel (right), one brigade of Sappers and 150 men employed in connecting the work k already done with the Russian trench, which was completed by building a wall 30 yards long, four feet high, and three feet thick, the Russians having taken the little surface earth there was for their own works. I also employed men along 100 yards of trench, deepening it, and strengthening parapet; placed 32 barrels on the top of some gabions, where the parapet is low, and filled them by means of baskets ; there is now a Communi-

368
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
ployed on the right of the second parallel, improving the cover of trench between the rifle-pits f over the Woronzoff Road. No event of importance happened during the night.
cation to the Russian trench, which can with great caution be used.
The enemy fired shells, but no grape ; one man of the Line wounded by a splinter (arm broken).
Day cloudy. Wind S.W. Thermometer in shade 85°. Thunder and lightning, with occasional showers, during the day.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
2. Advanced trench (left) f, one corporal, two Sappers, and 40 men deepening trench, particularly at the left; one man of the Guards killed here by a round shot, and three men wounded ; the only shot
which came near the work ; this shot came from the right of the Redan ; not on the other side the ravine.
3. Old Russian trench, fourth parallel, one corporal, three Sappers, and 110 men continued reversing the parapet; took 280 barrels from the Russian parapet, and reversed it for 10 yards beyond where the communication k with No. 12 battery runs in, and made a return ; dug a trench in about 30 y r ards of the work, average width two feet, depth six inches ; brought up 20 barrels to the Quarries, for use in the advanced trench 4. Communication k to Russian trench, three Sappers and 230 men worked along the whole length of trench, thickening parapet ; soil very good in front. This party was shelled, but had no casualties.
5. No. 19 battery, two Sappers and 30 men revetting parapet inside, and thickening from outside ; pulling down traverse which has been destroyed, and must be rebuilt.
6. No. 18 batteiy, one Sapper and 30 men raising earth on top of magazines, and levelling it on the top.
7. No. 9 battery, two Sappers and 10 men, repairing embrasures where required.
8. Sentries over tools, &c., half brigade Sappers.
Killed,1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Naval Brigade
Wounded, 1 seaman.
Day cloudy'. Wind S.W. Thermometer in shade 85°. Thunder and lightning with occasional showers during the day.
WoEKixa Party.
1855.
Jnly 14, Say.
WoRKixa Party.
; T . f 1st relief, 400 men.
I J ' tns • * • • 12d relief, 372 „
i Sappers. . . 36men.
f ("Capt. Cooke, R.E.
I Officers on duty < Major Campbell, 46tlr I L Regt.
1855.
July lft, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
4 A.U. to 8 A.M.
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
69 men.
Capt. Belsox, R.E.
3 p.m. to 7 P.M.
1st relief, 151 men. 2d relief. 199
No. 14 battery, laying a platform, thickening the parapet, blasting round the left traverse, building up one between Nos. 1 and 2 gun portions, &c. ; No. 15 battery, thickening the parapet, excavating for magazines aud shell-rooms, and clearing spaces for piling shell.
1. Right advance, fifth parallel, 1st relief, 100 men, 2d relief, 50 men, deepening and widening trench aud thickening parapet ; ground too rocky to give any' dimensions.
No. 16 battery, throwing up earth to thicken the parapet, and putting more on the top of the magazine,
2. Russian trench, 4th parallel, 1st relief, 100 men, 2d relief, 72 men, widening and deepening trench, improving banquette, thickening parapet.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
369
Left Attack.
and laying a platform. On the right of the fourth parallel, building up the parapet with stones, and thickening it. Sappers were blasting, as usual, in the communications v and x to the ravine near the Cemetery, both in front and rear of the Caves on the right of the 4th parallel, through the road through the trench k from No. 4 boyau to No. 14 battery, &c.
I had all the stores in the depot in No. 5 collected, and put under cover.
There appeared to be a fire in the town in rear of the lower Garden batteries ; there was a considerable volume of smoke arising there all the afternoon ; but I am not positive, as I could see no flame.
I have to add that this morning, in No. 13 battery, a heap of carcasses, when firing from the mortars, were set on fire.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
OJJicer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Two Sappers and 30 men excavating trench leading to Cemeteries ; three Sappers and 40 men employed in trench leading from fourth parallel to rifle- pit j, looking over the Creek Battery ; traverse o laid out, and passage p, cut round passage n, made one gabion in height.
Three Sappers and 150 men in No. 15 battery, earth thrown forward and parapet thickened.
Three Sappers and 50 men, No. 14 battery, thickening parapet of left guns of battery, and throwing earth forward of 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 guns.
Two Sappers and 30 men at No. 16 battery, earth thrown forward and parapet thickened ; six miners employed blasting at old roadway between No. 4 boyau and 14 battery.
At about 1 a.M., 15th July, there was observed a large fire, apparently in the buildings in rear of the Iledan. The Russians shortly opened a heavy fire on the Right attack and on the French Right, which fire was answered by three times ns many guns and mortars from the Allies.
There was a good deal of shouting, but although the enemy got outside the Redan, they immediately retreated. The gun on the flank of 14 battery made very good shell practice.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, G rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (strong) N.E.
Right Attack.
3. No. 19 battery, 1st relief, 40 men, 2d relief, 70 men, improving merlons, building up traverses in approach on Left, and improving parapet and trench of approach n in rear.
4. No. 18 battery, 1st relief, 60 men, 2d relief, 30 men, completing platform and mngazine, and levelling ground for shells ; battery completed.
5. No. 19 battery, 1st relief, ten men, right embrasure.
6. Approach k, from No. 19 battery to fourth parallel, 100 men in each relief, thickening parapet and digging out trench.
7. Carrying stones, 2d relief, 50 men.
Working Party.
Line .... 60(1 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officers on auty E . E .
1. Fifth parallel, filling up behind gabions with what earth could be got; soil very bad in many places ; improved parapet in parts with sandbags ; continued wall 50 yards long, two feet wide, and four feet high ; 40 yards more will run it into the old Russian trench crossing the ravine ; 200 men.
2. Left advanced trench, 30 men, making banquette of stones.
3. No. 19 battery, 50 men building up merlons and traverses.
4. Approach k from No. 19 battery to fourth parallel, 100 men, laying out a new line of gabions, and filling.
5. New trench n, connecting third parallel with No. 18 battery, 150 men, laying and filling gabions.
6. Excavating for engineer house and small-arm ammunition magazine in rear of Quarries, 10 men.
7. Fourth parallel, improving parapet, 60 men, three brigades Sappers superintending.
One sea-service mortar mounted during the night in No. 18 battery.
Heavy fire kept up by the Russians on the French Mamelon works. Fire on our working parties not heavy, but exceedingly accurate.
About quarter to two, Russians made a sortie on French works in front of Mamelon. After a smart firing of about 20 minutes, they were repulsed, after
3 A
1855.
July 14, might.
S P.M. t<) i A.M.
1855.
July 14, might.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

370
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack. i Right Attack.
I which a smart fire of guns and mortars kept up on all sides until about 4 o’clock.
I found a musket, great coat, and belt in the small pit on the right of the fifth parallel, where some sharpshooters had been placed during the day. The articles belonged to a 77th man. It looks as if he deserted.
Killed, 1. Wounded, 7.
| Day very fine. Wind (strong) N.E.
Look-oct Station.
1855. About 5 a.m. yesterday, a party of 250 men moved by the upper road towards Fort
July 8. St. Catherine. At 12.15 p.m. a flag of truce at Fort St. Catherine ; lowered at 1.15 p.m.
Two hundred and thirty-two carts came by the north road towards Sebastopol, 72 of which with gabions. It was very hazy all day ; objects on the north side not visible.
July 9. Four hundred and fourteen carts came to the north side from the upper road; of these 140 brought gabions; 175 heavily laden (could not tell what); 69 with sacks (provisions, probably); 30 with large timber.
There left the north side for the country, 216 carts, of which 166 were empty, and 50 of them were heavily laden (too hazy to see what with).
Five boats full of gabions came over to the south side.
The stack of provisions (sacks) under the north fort was very much increased by the arrivals of carts laden yesterday. A barge heavily laden was brought to the south side ; too hazy to make out the contents.
The camps on the north side appear to get thicker, and a new camp has been formed to the N.E. of the 12-gnn Bastion battery ; on the north shore, the tops of the huts only are visible.
Two new embrasures cut in the Redan, all the works being crested with sandbags.
French rifle-pits in front of the Mamelon were improved, and part of an old Russian trench taken into the line of them.
An explosion took place in the Bastion du Mat late in the evening, about 6 p.m.
July 10. The encampment near the Cemetery on the north side is removed.
Two large barges full of men crossed to the north side at 9 a.m.
Great number of dead buried at the Cemetery on the north side during the day.
Four hundred and seventy carts came towards Sebastopol, of which 82 brought in large trunks of trees and 205 gabions, and 82 of them came by the east road.
About the same number of carts left the north side for the country at 7.30 p.m. The steamer crossed to the north side with a number of people on board.
July n. Yesterday 331 carts came to the north side, of which 17 were laden, contents not known, 16 with timber, and the remainder with gabions. These came by the upper road. Seven carts with gabions came in from the lower road. About 97 carts returned empty.
Three barges of gabions towed to the south side ; one boat full of men from the south to the north shore.
About 600 men, early in the morning of yesterday, came by the upper road ; 300 of them halted towards Fort Constantine ; halted at the corn sacks, piled arms, and worked there, remaining till 5 p.m.
The large number of carts mentioned above assembled in masses on the road near Fort Catherine, where the body of men were at work all day. The stacks of sacks are very much increased in size. The carts mostly left, in twos and threes, by the upper or north road.
The exterior of the enemy’s works does not seem to have suffered much from our fire which opened yesterday.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
371
1855 . Report of yesterday’s look-out—
July 12. At 6.0 a.m. six bodies of men of about 100 each moved from the direction of the north fort, three of them coming down towards Fort Catherine ; the rest remained by the sack stacks, piled aims, marched lower down out of sight.
10 a.m. Flag of truce at Fort Constantine answered by a boat from the fleet.
11.30 a.m. Two large droves of cattle came in from the north road ; two lnrge barges full of men crossed to the north side.
6.0 p.m. Steamer took over a number of people to the north side ; two large barges brought gabions to south side.
Four hundred and eighty-four carts came towards Sebastopol during the day. Of these, 156 seemed to be laden with gabions. 92 came by the lower road. These carts returned again towards the countiy.
A great number of men were employed on the works on the north side all day.
July 13 . Two hundred and seventy-eight carts came in to the north side yesterday, of which were heavily laden, apparently ammunition—
With ammunition - - 52
With gabions - - 67
and some with hay.
One hundred carts came in by the north road, empty.
12.15 p.m. The steamer towed over a large barge to Fort Nicholas wharf, filled with sacks.
In the evening five barges of gabions came to the south side.
One barge, laden with large cases, left Nicholas wharf for Fort Catherine.
The dust made observations very difficult yesterday.
Two field batteries, of 6 guns each, formerly stationed at the south of the market village, have been removed, but they cannot be observed elsewhere.
GENERAL ORDERS.
July io. The generals of the day for the future will not be named in Orders. The whole of the duties in each attack will be furnished by divisions alternately.
No. 9.
July 12. The attention of all officers is called to the necessity of an economical use of the water, which is supplied with great labour for the guards in the trenches.
It has been reported that the men use the water for washing their clothes, that they in some cases fill their canteens immediately before leaving the trenches, and that the relieved guard have even stopped the water mules entering the trenches, and appropriated the water intended for the new guard.
If these irregularities are permitted the troops must suffer inconvenience.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
July li. Par. No. 1 . The frequent demand for sandbags for the purpose of being used in the works of attack has made it necessary for the Major-General to direct the attention of all the officers of engineers to the great necessity which exists for observing the strictest economy in the expenditure of this important article of store. The waste and destruction of sandbags in the trenches have repeatedly attracted the Major-General’s notice ; he therefore requests that the directors of the two attacks will give such orders for their preservation as may put a stop to the enormous expenditure of them which now takes place.
3 A 2

3/2
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Sandbags should not be issued from the trench depots, hut to some responsible person ; if possible, a noncommissioned officer of Sappers ; and the officer on duty should ascertain as nearly as practicable that tire numbers demanded and issued are required for the particular work for which they have been issued ; and the non-commissioned officer of Sappers should be held responsible for their proper application ; and any excess above the number should be taken care of, so as to be available for any other service.
A great number of sandbags may be used a second time, by taking them from the works in rear, where no longer required, to the more advanced works, or for covering magazines, &c.
The Major-General feels assured that by more attention on the part of the non-commissioned officers of Sappers a great saving will be effected, with much benefit to the service ; and he trusts that he shall not again witness such a waste of sandbags as has recently fallen under his notice.
1855. Par. No. 1. By the London Gazette of the 29tli June last, Lieutenant-Colonels J. W. Gordon
July 14 . and R. Tylden, R.E., are appointed aides-de-camp to Iler Majesty, with the rank of colonel.
In publishing this to the corps, the Major-General-Commanding is sure that the officers will join with him in their appreciation of the high honour conferred on their gallant and distinguished conduct.
Memorandum. Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 9th July 1855.
In consequence of the number of casualties which daily and nightly take place in the advanced works upon the salient of the Redan, as well as the slowness of the progress of the operations, which will continue so long as the enemy’s fire from the Redan shall be unsubdued, and which can only be effected by a heavy fire from our artillery,—
It is submitted for the consideration of the Commander of the Forces, that the commanding officer of artillery should for 10 or 12 hours direct a heavy fire to be opened upon the Redan from both attacks, from as many mortars and guns as can well be brought to bear upon it and the works on each of its flanks.
The vertical fire should be thrown well into the interior of the Redan, as the enemy’s Coehorns are not placed close to the salient angle, but apparently near the centre of the work.
It is presumed, from the excellence of our fire, that in 12 hours all the defences of the Redan would be destroyed.
If the above should be approved, it is desirable that no time should be lost in carrying the same into effect.
During the time the batteries are firing the troops should be withdrawn from the advanced trenches of the Right attack.
(Signed) Harry D. Jokes,
Lieutenant-General Simpson, &c., &c., Major-General,
Coindg.-in-Chief. Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
7th to 14 th July.
Right Attack.
Battery No. 18., for six mortars, completed, and partly armed.
Battery No. 19, R.A., in progress. There are a great many difficulties to contend against in the construction of this battery. Traverses have been formed in the right demi-parallel.
Right approach to fourth parallel has been extended, and junction formed with it; cover very indifferent, owing to the rocky nature of the ground.
Fourth parallel, originally a Russian trench, considerably extended to the right. There have been great difficulties in executing this w r ork, owing to the great number of light-balls and grape thrown by the enemy during the night.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
373
Traverses have been erected in the second left boyau, leading to fifth parallel. Sap run out from left of fifth parallel. The fifth parallel has been extended as far as the small Quarry; tolerably good cover obtained.
Left Attack.
Completion of batteries. Communication with Caves from fourth parallel completed.
One hundred and eighty yards of trench commenced, to connect rifle-pits overlooking Woronzoff Ravine.
The communication with post in Cemetery is perfected for 120 yards; the remaining 130 yards in progress.
On the 9th the Commanding Engineer addressed to the General Commanding-in-Chief a memorandum relative to a fire of artillery being opened against the enemy’s works.
The fire on the 10th, which opened upon the Redan, had the usual effect of silencing the enemy’s fire from that work for a short time. They soon afterwards recommenced, but with a fewer number of guns.
The mortar on the right flank of the Malakoff, which caused so much annoyance, and did so much mischief, has for some days been silent, supposed to be disabled.
The French approaches against the Malakoff appear to be advancing satisfactorily, but progress slowly, on account of the rocky nature of the ground.
The enemy’s fire, both of artillery and musketry, is now comparatively very trifling, presumed to be caused by want of ammunition.
Large bodies of men working in the Redan, and from Malakoff to the harbour on its left.
The progress of our works in the Right attack has been very satisfactory, although slow, not alone from the rocky nature of the ground, but from the very heavy fire from the Redan from Coehorns, and vertical fire from mortars, with grape and grenades. Until the artillery fire from the Redan can be silenced it will be nearly impossible to push our sap nearer to it, and probably a .change in the plan of attack may become necessary in consequence. Notwithstanding all these difficulties, the engineers push on their work most spiritedly.
On the 9 th the Commanding Engineer made a reconnoissance of the interior of the place from the Hannibal, flag-ship of Admiral Sir Houston Stewart.
Large bodies of men were to be seen at work in the Garden Batteries, Malakoff, and works on its left.
On the night of the 10th the enemy made a sortie against the French trenches in front of Malakoff. They were driven back, with considerable loss on both sides.
During the last few days very little fire of artillery from the garrison ; some of their batteries have been re-armed. At night they fire heavily upon the working parties, doing some mischief amoug the men.
On the 11th Admiral Lyons was requested to employ any mortar boats he might have to throw shells into the town by night, in order to harass and disturb the garrison.
The casualties every 24 hours are very great. The weather continues very hot and sultry.
An experiment is now being made to perform the duties in the trenches by divisions. The reason assigned for doing it is, that the French do so.

374
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
18S5.
July 15, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 2i P.M. to 6i P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief, 200 „
69 men.
Capt. Penn, R.A.
1st Relief.
1. Sixty men employed in No. 16 battery, to thicken and revet parapet on the right of magazine, and wheeling earth to left of magazine, to thicken parapet, and making shell-rooms.
2. Forty men to thicken parapet in No. 14 battery, raising traverses and making shell-rooms.
3. Forty men in No. 15 battery, to thicken parapet, and excavating for rear of Nos. 1 and 2 mortars, No. 6, and between Nos. 8, 9 mortars, for space to fill shells.
4. Ten men clearing stones from trench, second parallel, and repairing parapet.
2d Relief.
5. Sixty men employed in No. 16 battery, to thicken and revet parapet on right of magazine, wheeling earth to left of magazine, to thicken parapet, and making shell-rooms.
6. Sixty men to thicken parapet, No. 14 battery, raising traverses and sinking shell-rooms.
7. Sixty men in No. 15 battery, throwing earth to foot of parapet from excavations in rear of Nos. 1, 2, and 6 mortars, and between Nos. 8 and 9.
8. Ten men clearing stones from trench, second parallel, and thickening parapet.
9. Ten men at traverse on right of third parallel, and clearing stones out of trench.
Carpenters.
10. One platform laid in No. 16 battery ; making shell-rooms in Nos. 14, 15, and 16 batteries.
Blasters.
11. Eleven men employed in fourth parallel and front communication y to Cemetery.
12. Twelve men employed in No. 15, making magazine, and blasting for platforms in Nos. 14 and 15 batteries.
13. Nine men employed in the rear communication x to Caves.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 15, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line . Sappers
Working Party.
f1st relief, 392 men.
* * \ 2d relief, 352 „
fist relief, 12 „
• • 12d relief, 14 „
fMajor Stanton, R.E. Lieut. Somerville, Officers on duty ^ R.E.
I Capt. Wolseley, 90tli l. Regiment.
1st Relief.
Thirty men and two Sappers, in the Left advance sap, making up a step to the banquette ; 10 men and one Sapper, in No. 5 battery, repairing revetment, &c. of merlon ; two men and one Sapper, clearing trenches generally ; 70 men and five Sappers, in the fourth parallel, improving the trench and parapet; 80 men and three Sappers, in the fifth parallel, improving and making good the trench ; 200 men engaged on the right in No. 19 battery and its communications.
2d Relief.
Fifty men and three Sappers in the fifth parallel, improving the cover on the Right; thirty men and one Sapper carrying materials (magazine frames, &c.) to the Quarries ; 100 men and three Sappers making up the parapet in the fourth parallel; 20 men and one Sapper repairing merlon in No. 5 battery ; 12 men and 2 Sappers, in No. 18 battery, completing; 48men and two Sappers, in No. 19 battery, making up revetment, &c. ; 92 men and two Sappers, in right approach k to fourth parallel, improving the trench and parapet.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
375
Left Attack.
The French, about 5 o’clock, fired a few shells at the ships lying in the harbour, from a battery on the hill above the Cemetery.
The shells fell in the water close to the ships.
The enemy has shown a good deal of jealousy respecting our occupation of the posts in the Cemetery ; they have burnt all the houses near it, so as to clear the ground as much as possible between our posts and their main line. The enemy are working hard on their right of the Redan.
The progress of the works in this attack is much slower than in the Right; much more rock to remove. Obliged to employ a great number of miners to blast the rock before cover can be obtained.
Iron hurdles, made of the hay-bands, have done good service. Good picquets must be used with them.
H. D. Jones,
Major-General, Commandg. R. Engineers.
1855.
July 15, Night.
8 r.M. to 8 A.M.
Working Party. Line .... 200 men.
tappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
No. 15 battery, 50 men thickening the parapet; 30 men in the communication v to Cemetery from left of fourth pnrallcl, increasing cover ; 40 men in communication to rifle pit j in front of left of fourth parallel, and making two traverses in it; 15 men in place-of-arms d in centre of fourth parallel, cutting trench round the traverse ; 25 men continuing the trench leading out to the front from right of fourth parallel ; 20 men at rifle-pit z 2 in front of centre of fourth parallel ; 20 men extending the right h of the third parallel.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.E.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 15, Wight. 8 P.M. tO 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
fMajor Stanton, R.E. Lieut. Somerville, Officers on duty ■{ R.E.
I Capt. Wolseley, 20th L Kogiment.
Forty men and two Sappers, in the Left advance sap f, making up step and widening trench ; 100 men find six Suppers, on the right of tlio fifth parallel, making up parapet, &c. ; 60 men and four Sappers, in the fourth parallel, thickening and heightening parapet ; 100 men and three Sappers, in right approach k to fourth parallel; 90 men and two Sappers, in new communication u from third parallel to No. 19 battery, 10 men and three Sappers, in No. 19 battery, making up revetments, &e.
During the afternoon the enemy opened a heavy and well-directed fire on the right of the fifth parallel, and the working party was obliged to be partially withdrawn. Most of the damage was, however, made good during the night; but in consequence of having to carry the earth some distance very little progress was made in this parallel, and the working party had several casualties from grape and case shot fired from the left of the Redan.
During the day the enemy had a considerable working party on the edge of the ravine to the left of the Redan (our right), and appears to be continuing his line of batteries along the crest of the ravine. Working parties could also be heard during the night in the neighbourhood of the Redan, but I cannot state at what particular spot they were employed.

376
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Working Party.
1855.
July 16, Day,
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 r.Ji. to 7 p.m.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Line Miners . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 290 „
1st relief, 41 „
. 2d relief, 13 „
1st relief, 25 „
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
1st Relief.
A party of 80 men was employed in Nos. 14 and 15 batteries, excavating for platforms, magazines, shell-rooms, &c., and thickening the parapet; a party of 30 men were employed in No. 16 battery, thickening parapet, and preparing for the two new guns on the left ; 30 men in No. 13 battery, excavating for space for shells, removing the soil into No. 8 battery ; ten men employed in carrying timber for magazines into No. 16 battery ; a party of ten sailors worked at No. 9 battery, repairing revetment.
2d Relief.
Nos. 14 and 15, ninety men were employed as in 1st relief; No. 13, thirty men were employed as in 1st relief; No. 16, forty men were employed as in 1st relief; 30 men were employed in carrying timber for Nos. 14 and 16 batteries. A party of six men were employed in No. 3 battery, repairing an embrasure which was damaged by the enemy’s shot this day.
About 3 o’clock this afternoon the French commenced shelling the shipping from their mortars in their Left attack ; and from the report of the French corporal who had been sent over to report on the practice, I ascertained that two shells had fallen from 300 to 400 metres short, and 200 metres to the left and right.
They stated that some shells had fallen beyond the nearest ship.
Right Attack.
I applied for a working party of 400 men from the guard of the trenches, in addition to the special working party of 200 men, but w r as unable to get more than 200 men, and was consequently unable to carry on all the works ordered to be executed during the night.
Although the enemy’s fire was not heavy during the night, the casualties amongst the working parties amounted to two Sappers and six men of other regiments wounded.
I believe most of the wounds are slight.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and file.
Naval Brigade *—
Killed, 1 seaman.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.E.
1855.
July 16, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . , .
Officers on duty
400 men.
20 „
"Capt. Sedley, R.E. Liout. Elpiiinstone, . ll.E.
Sappers.
One brigade carpenters employed making a magazine for small-arm ammunition in the Quarries, &c.
Two brigades Sappers employed generally superintending the works carried on.
The working party consisted of 400 men of the Line, in two reliefs, from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., and from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m., and were employed as follows :—
Ninety men making a new communication n from battery No. 19 to third parallel; 20 men at battery No. 19, thickening parapet and forming battery ; 20 men covering the top of right magazine, battery No. 18; ten men repairing No. 4 embrasure to battery No. 9 j- 60 men improving and deepening the new communication k from battery No. 19 to fourth parallel ; 25 men repairing embrasures in the 21-gun battery ; 25 men filling in the top of magazine in battery No. 14 ; 100 men improving cover in fourth parallel; 50 men improving cover in the fifth parallel.
The men worked at their different stations satisfactorily, and were not much fired at by thp enemy, except those working at battery No. 19.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
377
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 16, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
AVorkiko Paett.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. BEL30N, R.E.
1G55.
July 16, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
■Working Party.
Line .... GOO men.
Sappers ... 24 „
nm _ t , COapt. Sedley, R.E.
Officers on duty ( Li ‘ ut . ] UR)tA ’ir, R.E.
The loose stones and earth blasted by the miners in the course of the day in the communication \ r to the Cemetery in front of the Caves were cleared out of the trench ; the right of the parapet of centre place- of-arms d, fourth parallel, was raised and revetted Avitli gabions, there being no tubs.
In the entrance of the fourth parallel on the right a new trench was began, and part y z 1 of what had been previously commenced was deepened, &c. The cover on the right of the right demi-parallel was improved. The earth thrown on the merlons of Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, No. 16 battery, was thrown more to the front of the embrasures.
There was some heavy firing on the French Right a little before 11 o’clock, but it did not last long.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day cloudy. Wind S.W. Thunder, with showers, during the day.
Three brigades of Sappers employed in general superintendence of works; men of the Line 600 (400 from the trenches, 200 special party), employed as follows :—
One hundred and fifty men carrying doivn earth to the extreme right of the fifth parallel, and forming better cover ; 30 men forming steps in the extreme left of fifth parallel ; 120 men thickening and extending the fourth parallel; 130 men in trench n from third parallel to battery No. 19 ; 140 men in iicav communication k from battery No. 19 to fourth parallel ; 30 men at battery No. 19, completing it, &c.
The enemy also at night kept up a heavy fire upon battery No. 19, but did not injure it much ; and at 11.30 p.m. they made a sortie on the French trenches most distant from ours, which appeared to be soon repulsed by the Frencli.
Wounded, 11 rank and file.
Day cloudy. Wind S.W. Thunder, with shoAvers, during the day.
The converting of tile Russian trenches to our use lius been a long and tedious operation, arising from the nature of the soil, in many parts rock, and from the heavy fire of shot and shell kept up briskly throughout the night on those particular parts which are well known to the enemy.
The casualties in the Quarries and advanced trenches still continue to be numerous. The shells from the Coe’norns in the Redan, and from the heavy mortars in other directions, makes the duty in them one of great peril.
The officers of engineers and the men of the Royal Sappers and Miners continue to perform their duties in a very zealous manner. The great heat in the trenches, with the constant recurrence of duty in them, has caused a great number of officers and men to be laid up with fever.
II. D. Jones,
Comm 5 R.E.
July 17, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
AYoeking Paett.
Line . . . . | Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 150 „
73 men.
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
No. 16 battery, two Sappers and 30 men continuing revetment of parapet Avitli barrels, thickening parapet, making embrasures, covering magazines; right demi-parallel, tAvo Sappers and 30 men clearing trench and Avidening ; miners employed blasting on
July 17, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
AVokkino Paett.
Line . . . . (
Sappers . . .
Officers on duty
{
1st relief, 400 men.
2d relief, 400 „
24 men.
Lieut. Brine, R.E. Lieut. Anderson, 9utli Regt., Ass 1 . Eug r .
Russian trench, fourth parallel, 1st relief, 100 men and five Sappers, 2d, 114 men and three Sappers, Avidening and improving co\ r er on extreme right ; fifth parallel, 1st relief, 60 men and five Sappers, 2d, 60 men and three Sappers, building steps and ban-
3 I!

378
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
the right ; Nos. 14 and 15 batteries, four Sappers and 60 men continuing magazine, shell-rooms, &c., thickening parapet, and clearing terrepleine ; No. 13 batteiy, one Sapper and 10 men excavating for pile of shells ; No. 8 battery, a small gallery commenced under parapet from centre shell-room for drainage ; No. 9 battery, 20 sailors employed completing revetment; carpenters laying platforms in No. 16 batteiy ; miners employed blasting in fourth parallel and in communication k to No. 14 battery. 2d relief detailed as the 1st. Early in the day there was a great deal of firing from the French Left on the Flagstaff Battery.
Right Attack.
quette on the right, and collecting loose earth for throwing over parapet during night relief; Captain Luke killed ; No. 9 battery, 1st relief, 20 men and one Sapper, repairing and revetting embrasures ; small-arm magazine, 1st relief, 10 men and one Sapper, 2d, one brigade of carpenters, placing sheeting and sandbags ; engineer hut, 1st relief, 10 men and one Sapper, 2d, brigade of carpenters and six men forming roof, and covering same with sandbags and earth ; right approach k to fourth parallel, 1st relief, 85 men and five Sappers, 2d, 60 men and one Sapper, widening and deepening trench and repairing parapet where damaged ; communication n to No. 19 battery, 1st relief, 75 men and two Sappers, 2d, 30 men and two Sappers, forming terrepleine and epaulment, and rebuilding traverse in demi-parallel ; 21-gun battery, 2d relief, one Sapper and 20 men, repairing Nos. 16 and 17 embrasures.
Working Party.
_ , I® 2 3 4 5 6 7 *' Line .... 140 men.
July 17, Night. Sailors ... 100
8 F.M. to 2 A.M. , Sappers ... 23 „
I Officer on duty Capt. Penn, K.A.
1. Forty-two men employed at the centre communication j to the fifth parallel to lengthen traverse, deepen trench, and improve cover ; making second traverse in communication and passage to the front.
2. Eight men making two rifle-pits j j 2 in front of the centre communication, and improving cover on the right.
3. Thirty men to build screen wall in communication v to Cemetery for miners, to thicken parapet, and clear trench of loose stones.
4. Fifty men improving cover of the trench overlooking the Woronzoff Road, connecting rifle-pits y z z ’, building screen wall to heighten traverse, and improving cover to the edge of the hill.
5. Thirty-five men in No. 14 battery, throwing earth to the front from top of merlons of guns 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8.
6. Twenty-six men on the right of right demi- parallel, to excavate earth in rear, and thicken parapet.
7. One hundred sailors employed making communication from left of No. 2 batteiy to the second parallel.
1855.
July 17, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 600 men.
Mappers ... 24 men.
( Lieut. Bbine, R.E.
Officer on duly ■< Major Campbell, 46th (. Eegt., Ass 1 . Eng r .
Fifth parallel, 11 Sappers and 200 men, throwing earth collected dining the day over parapet, deepening and widening trench, and connecting the parallel to Russian trench by stone wall ; fourth parallel, three Sappers and 100 men deepening and widening trench and forming cover, also connecting the parallel with Right approach k ; four Sappers and 100 men forming cover, carrying earth, and connecting with fourth parallel.
Communication n from third parallel to No. 19 battery, three Sappers and 200 men, deepening and widening trench and forming cover. The working parties during the night were disturbed by grape and shell, but I am glad to report that the fifth parallel and Russian trench were connected, also the fourth parallel and right approach k, and that a good communication n lias been made from the third parallel to No. 19 battery. Some delay in the work was caused by a sortie on the Left, and I heard large working parties on our left of the Redan.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 15 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 77 degrees.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
379
Left Attack.
About 9.30 p.m. there was a fire in the town, which lasted for an hour, and large quantities of smoke arose front it, which gave it the appearance of being premeditated.
The enemy made a sortie about 11.30 p.m. on the centre of the fourth parallel, just to the right of the working party in centre communication j j 1 to the fifth parallel.
I retired with the working party, and formed up the covering party, as when the sentries tired and retired the enemy immediately appeared, and besides our own tire was too strong in the direction of the work to remain there.
In doing this the casualties mentioned in my report, took place.
A few Russians reached the fourth parallel, and destroyed the loop holes in the third place-of-arms d.
The only casualties in the covering party near me were one man killed and one wounded that I saw, and I heard of no others.
The enemy had columns in reserve in front of Cemetery, and a strong picquet in the Woronzoff Road.
Left Attack, 18tli July 1855.
With reference to the sortie last night, I beg to call attention to the want of system which exists in the arrangement for the defence of the advanced trenches.
Last night, as soon as it was dark, I went, in company with Captain Penn, R.A., assistant engiueer, to reconnoitre the ground in front of the fourth parallel overlooking the Woronzoff Ravine. Whilst there, I saw and challenged what I fancied was a small body of Russians. As they did not answer, we returned to the parallel, and took two men out with us to make search. The object that I saw had disappeared ; but as it was precisely at the spot where the sortie came up the slope of the hill, two hours afterwards, I have but little doubt the party were an advanced look-out.
Our sentries were not posted, and were only brought to the front after this had occurred, and my party were commencing to work further down the ravine (about opposite to the abattis) ; my parties were at work without any covering party near, or sentries in front of them, except those we posted ourselves. I went to look for the field officer, but missed seeing him, as he was going his I
Right Attack.
3 b 2

380
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
rounds ; but I sent him a message to the above effect by the adjutant of the trenches.
I found sentries only in the right demi-parallel, instead of a strong support, as appears to me desirable.
(Signed) Geo. Bent, i
Major, R.E. !
Killed, 4 rank and file. "Wounded, 5 rank and file. ;
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in ! shade 77 degrees. |
1855.
July 18, Say.
■1 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Line miners . Officer on duty
1st relief, 123 men.
2d relief, 130 „
48 men.
21 „
Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1855.
July 18, Say,
V A.M. to 8 A.M. 8 P.M. to 7 P.M. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Line
Sappers
(is
(.3c
Officers on duty
Working Party.
1st relief, 360 men.
2d relief, 400 „
3d relief, 400 „
(1st relief, 24 men.
1 2d relief, 18 „
(,3d relief, 16 „
fMajor Stanton, R.E. Major Campbell, 46th ] Regiment, j Lieut. Dcmaresq, R.E. Lieut. Elpiiinsione,
L R.E.
1st Relief.
No. 2 battery, 30 men dismantling it, and preserving all the serviceable materials ; No. 8 battery, 20 men making a mine through the parapet for drainage, and throwing new earth on the parapet and traverses ; No. 14 battery, 14 men revetting traverse on right and two left traverses with powder barrels, and levelling terrepleine in rear of Nos. 2 and 3 guns ; No. 16 battery, 24 men sinking terrepleine in rear of traverses, and platforms of Nos. 3 and 4 guns, and revetting cheeks of embrasures of the same with large gabions ; 10 men procuring material for making concrete for mortar platforms to be laid in.
2d Relief.
The parties being employed the same as during 1st relief.
No. 2 battery, 40 men,
No. 8 battery, 20 men,
No. 14 battery, 40 men,
No. 15 battery, 30 men,
making a traverse on the right between Nos. 1 and 2 mortars, excavating for shell-rooms and shell-piles. In the morning I applied to the adjutant of the trenches for 150 men, but only 123 paraded for work, and 100 of these not till 6 A.M., as the officer in command of the 48th would not allow them to work till after they had had their breakfast. For the 2d relief, I applied for 230 men, but only obtained 130, and had no intimation of this diminished number till some time after I had
From 4 A.M. to 8 A.M., 60 men in the fifth parallel, improving cover on the right; 140 men in the fourth parallel improving cover on the right, making banquette, &c. ; 140 men in left communication n to No. 19 battery, widening the trench ; 20 men carrying stone, and building wall for left epaulment of No 19 battery ; three brigades of Sappers were in general superintendence.
From 3 r.M. to 7 r.M., 50men and four Sappers in the fifth parallel on the right ; 100 men and four Sappers in the fourth parallel ; one brigade carpenters and 40 men, building small-arm magazines in Quarries ; one Sapper and 10 men, clearing platforms in No. 12 battery ; two Sappers and 140 men in left communication n to No. 19 battery ; one Sapper and 36 men in right approach k to fourth parallel ; one Sapper and four men in No. 18 battery, repairing revetment; one Sapper and 20 men in No. 19 battery.
From 8 p.m. to 2 a.m., one brigade of Sappers and 200 men in the fifth parallel; three Sappers and 145 men in left communication n to No. 19 battery ; two Sappers and 80 men in right approach k to fourth parallel ; one Sapper and 10 men iii No. 18 battery ; two Sappers and 25 men in No. 19 battery.
The miners were employed during the day clearing away stone from the right approach k to fourth parallel, and in the fourth and fifth parallels.
The working parties in the fourth parallel were generally employed improving the cover where

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
381
Left Attack.
got the 130 to work ; anil was in consequence obliged to leave many of the works I was ordered to perform untouched.
The Russians appear to be working towards the side of the ravine between the Creek Battery and the Barrack Battery. The trench is about half-way up the side of the ravine, and in portions covered with timber and earth, to prevent its being seen into. It has something the appearance of a gallery along the face of the ravine.
I Working Partt.
l855# Line .... 183 men.
July 18* Night. | Sappers ... 32 „
8 P.M. to 2 a.m. I Sailors ... 35 „
I Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
A party of 35 sailors were employed in the communication from No. 2 battery to No. 10 battery ; a party of 20 men were employed in No. 11 battery, revetting the three right embrasures with iron hurdles ; a party of 20 men were employed revetting and cutting through the three left embrasures in No. 16 battery ; 35 men and two blasters were employed in deepening and thickening the parapet of the light extremity of the right demi-puriillel ; a
party of 30 men were employed in No 14, throwing earth to the front which had been thrown up by day ; a party of 40 men were employed in improving the cover in the trench y z 1 , connecting rifle-pits over Woronzoff Ravine, and extending it for 20 yards along the crest of the hill ; 10 men were engaged in repairing the place-of-arms d, which was partially thrown down last night ; 20 men were employed in communication v to Cemetery, building up a wall for miners, and clearing the trench of rubbish ; 10 men were employed in building wall for miners, and widening communication x to French picquet.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 82°.
Eight Attack.
wanted, by carrying earth, &c., and in making up the banquettes.
In the fifth parallel, during the day, they were employed collecting earth to be used during the night, it being found impossible to work in the rocky parts of the trench during the day. During the night the party was extended along the right of the trench to the Quarry, and in most places good cover has been obtained.
In No. 19 battery the excavation for the magazine has been commenced.
By some misarrangement, the special working party ordered for the evening did not arrive till past 10 o’clock ; and 100 men, demanded from the guard of the trenches, not having arrived by 12 o’clock, I refused to take them, and consequently was unable to place a party in the fourth parallel.
About midnight I was asked by the artillery officer in charge to open the embrasures of the two 10-incli guns in No. 14 battery, but not having received any instructions from my own department I informed that officer that I was unable to comply with his request.
The enemy opened fire during the afternoon on the working party in the left communication n to No. 19 battery ; and our batteries replying, a smart fire was maintained for about half an hour ; no damage was sustained or casualties occasioned by it; and during the night the enemy opened again with grape, shell, and a few round shot, but the damage done was very slight, and only one serious wound caused amongst the working parties.
A working party of the enemy was employed during the day, continuing the batteries on our right of the Redan, and at a retrenchment in front of the large stone buildings in rear of the Redan. I could distinctly hear their working parties during the night, and imagine they must be deepening the ditch of the Redan and flanks.
A 13-inch carcase was fired from No. 18 battery, but as it burst in the mortar it was not considered safe or advisable to fire any more.
"Wounded, 8 rank raid file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in i shade 82°.

382
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
July 19, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
8 P.M. to 7 P.M.
AVoekiso Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief, 200 ,
68 men.
Capt. Belso.v, E.E.
No. 14 battery, revetting traverses with tubs, raising them, and levelling the terrepleine ; No. 15 battery, continuing magazines and shell-rooms, &e. ; No. 16, continuing the two right gun portions, throwing more earth on the magazine and also on the 5 right gun portions, to thicken the parapet, and revetting a traverse with small barrels.
No. 13, spaces for piling shell were continued to be excavated ; No. 8, the gallery under the parapet, which is being made for the purpose of draining the battery, was continued to be driven. Sappers were employed, as usual, blasting in the communications V and x to the French picquet and the Cemetery, and in the trench y z, connecting the rifle pits in front of the right of the fourth parallel. In the afternoon the embrasures of No. 2 battery were commenced to be filled up, and all the available revetting materials were taken thence to the depot.
The French and Russian batteries on the left of our works engaged in a j mutually heavy cannonade this afternoon for about two hours.
Rioiit Attack.
1855.
July 19, Day.
1st relief.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
2d relief.
8 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Fifth parallel, digging earth, forming it in heaps ready for use at night, employed 1st relief, six Sappers and 70 men, 2d relief, eight Sappers and 100 men.
Fourth parallel, extreme right, improving cover, and making steps, employed 1st relief, five Sappers and 100 men, 2d relief, four Sappers and 50 men ; No. 19 battery, building epaulment, and forming terrepleine of battery, employed 1st relief, four Sappers and 40 men, 2d relief, four Sappers and 30 men.
In left communication n to No. 19 battery, forming communication, employed 1st relief, four Sappers and 30 men,
Small-arm magazine in Quarries, 1st relief, one Sapper and 20 men.
Collecting tools, 1st relief, one Sapper and 10 men.
Carrying gabions and stores, 2d relief, four Sappers and 180 men ; right approach k to fourth parallel, improving cover, 2d relief, one Sapper and 20 men.
For the 1st relief, a working party of 400 men was applied for; it was sanctioned by the general of the trenches, and the adjutant warned the several parties. Notwithstanding this, only 270 paraded, and the engineer officer on duty could not then find the adjutant. The work consequently of 130 men was lost.
In the 2d relief, 20 men of the working party were absent.
During the day the carpenters were employed—
One brigade levelling ground, laying the sleepers of one platform ; No. 19 battery completed.
One brigade building small-arm magazine in Quarries ; frame work and sheeting of passage in progress ; body completed.
The miners were employed, 19 men, right approach k to fourth parallel ; three men in the fifth parallel.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Line .... Sappers . , . S. Miners . . Carpenters. .
Officers on duty
1st relief, 270 men.
„ 21 „
< Lieut. Elphinstone, l U.E.
2d relief, 380 men.
21 „
», 28 „
„ 8 „
rCagLDE Molexns,
1 Lieut. SOMEBTCLLE,

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
383
Left Attack.
Working Party.
July 19, Night. zine .... 140 men.
8 P.M. to 2 A.si. Sappers ... 13 „
Sailors ... 90 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Xeyille, R.E.
One Sapper and 80 sailors working at communications to No. 10 battery.
Two Sappers and 10 sailors rebuilding embrasure of No. 3 gun, No. 10 battery.
Sole of No. 1 embrasure deepened to tlie front; embrasures 1 and 2 deepened to the front.
No. 16 battery, one Sapper and 20 men cutting through 6 and 7 embrasures, and revetting with two gabions in each cheek.
No. 14 battery, earth thrown well to the front of guns 6 and 7 (one Sapper and 20 men) ; communication to Cemetery, one Sapper and 10 men building up stone blasted during the day ; centre communication j j 1 to fifth parallel, traverse completed two courses in height, and trench dug on reverse of original trench, to obtain more cover from Flagstaff Battery ; four Sappers, 34 men, commencing rifle- pits between rifle-pits z 1 and z 2 and trench.
One Sapper and 10 men building up stone blasted in the right demi-parallel ; two Sappers and 56 men shortening old rocky communication between third and fourth parallel by new communication q.
The enemy kept up a moderate fire of shells and grape. No casualties among the working parties.
■Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 78°.
Right Attack.
The working parties worked well, when they were actually at the works; but the parties were very irregular in their hours of parading, some being nearly an hour late.
Working Party.
Line .... 1st relief, 200 men.
„ .... 2d relief, 400 „
fCapt. De Moleyks,
Officers on duty j c “fwoiSELKY, l 00th Regiment.
New communication m from fourth parallel, 200 men employed ; 186 gabions were placed ; of these, 146 were filled, and the remaining 40 about half filled.
Fifth parallel, 100 men carrying earth from heaps formed during the day, and making parapet in front of wall. Right approach k to fourth parallel, 20 men employed improving cover. New left approach n to No. 19 battery, 50 men improving cover ; 40 men forming epaulment of No. 19 battery ; 50 men improving cover in fourth parallel. New 2-gun battery No. 20, 50 men forming parapet; 90 men employed in communication r from ravine to No. 17 battery.
This trench is 50 yards in length. The first 18 yards is made with 25 gabions, and tlio remaining 17, where the soil is good, formed without.
The parties worked well, and the special party particularly so. We were enabled to get this party long before any other.
I would beg to represent the extreme inconvenience and loss of time occasioned by it being considered necessary to post the men in the trenches before the working party is detailed. We are now never able to commence work before 9.30 or 10.0.
The enemy were quiet during the night; they fired a few rounds of grape and shot, and some shells, at the working party in the fifth parallel, and caused about eight casualties, one of whom was a Sapper, Private R. Nicholas, wounded severely in the foot. I am not aware of any casualties among the other parties.
Kilted, 2. Wounded, 7.
Naval Brigade:—
Killed, 1 seaman.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 78°.
July 19, Nigbt.
1st relief.
81 P.M. to 2 A.M.
2d relief.
91 P.M. to 2 A.M.

334
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 20, Day.
1st relief.
4 a.m. to 8 A.M.
2d relief.
3 p.m. to 7 P.M.
"Working Party.
Sappers . . . Line . . . . Sailors . . . Line . . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 03 men. „ 145 „
„ 30 „
2d relief, 195 „ Capt Penn, U.A.
1st Relief.
Forty men employed in No. 16 battery, thickening parapet of Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 guns, and lowering ; ground in rear of platforms and traverses ; 36 men j employed in No. 14 battery, repairing cheeks of | No. 9 embrasure, thickening parapet of Nos. 9 and j 10 guns, lowering stone revetment of traverses, and rebuilding with barrels ; 20 men employed in No. 15 battery, building traverse, and clearing out magazine i and shell-rooms, and banking up sides of platforms ; eight men throwing earth on No. 3 magazine, No. 8 battery ; 12 men employed in No. 2 battery, collecting and emptying sandbags and gabions, and storing in park; six men employed in repairing bridge across communication to Nos. 8 and 14 batteries ; six men carrying out timber to carpenters in No. 11 battery, and assisting ; four men assisting carpenters in dismantling part of No. 4 battery ; three men clearing out drain in second parallel ; 30 men
repairing revetment in No. 11 battery ; 10 men clearing out stones and trench on right of fourth parallel.
2d Relief.
Sixty men employed in No. 16 battery, thickening parapet of Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 guns, and lowering ground in rear of platforms and traverses, and banking up sides of platforms Nos. 6 and 7 guns.
Fifty men employed in No. 14 battery, thickening parapet of Nos. 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10 guns, lowering stone revetment of traverses, and cutting ramp in rear of No. 10 gun ; 30 men throwing earth on top of parapet, No. 15 battery; 20 men throwing earth on Nos. 1 and 3 magazines, No. 8 battery ; 20 men building wall to screen from rain and splinters at Cave magazine, Cavalry Picquet-liouse Ravine.
Fifteen men employed in No. 2 battery, emptying and collecting gabions and sandbags.
Carpenters.
Two men preparing magazine frames for No. 15 battery ; two dismantling part of No. 4 battery ; two men blasting on left of No. 13 battery, for gun portions ; two men at revetment, sea-service mortars; five men taking up platform No. 4 in No. 11 battery, and relaying it six inches higher.
1855.
July 20, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
5 F.M. to 7 r.M.
AVOKKIN'O Pabty.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officers on duty
400 men.
24
Capt. Redlev, R.E. Lieut. Dakeaii, R.E.
One brigade carpenters making a small-arm ammunition magazine in the Quarries.
The remaining brigades of Sappers in general superintendence of work, carried out by the working parties, who were in the following places ;
One hundred men in fifth parallel, making a banquette, and filling baskets full of earth, to be carried to the weak portions of the parapet; 60 men in a new communication p to battery No. 17, and in forming a new 2-gun battery, No. 20, adjoining.
Forty, improving weak parts in fourth parallel.
Twenty, in right approach k to fourth parallel.
Sixty in battery No. 19, and communication u adjoining, improving each of them ; 20 in communication n from third parallel to battery No. 19, deepening it, &c.; 50 carrying down gabions to the front from the 21-gun battery ; 50 at battery No. 18, working at it in different parts.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
385
Left Attack.
Blasters.
Twelve men blasting in trench of communication to Cemetery v; nine men blasting in Nos. 14 and 15 batteries, and working in magazines; 14 men blasting on right of the fourth parallel, and to rifle-pit z in front ; two men blasting with others on the left of No. 13 battery.
One man wounded.
1855. Working Partt.
I Sappere ... 22 men.
July 20, Night. Kami Brigade 61 „
8 r.M. to 2 a.m. Line .... 198 „
! Officer on duty Lieut. Cordon, It.K.
A party of six men were employed in revetting the embrasures of No. 3 gun, No. 4 battery.
In No. 16 battery, a party of 30 men were employed in thickening the parapet and throwing earth forward ; 30 men were employed thickening the parapet and throwing earth forward in No. 14 battery ; 10 men were employed in the communication v to Cemetery, building up the screen, and clearing the trench ; 15 men were employed in cutting banquette to the fourth parallel ; a party of 20 men were employed in improving cover from (i) to j, throwing the earth up from the outside so as to form a double parapet.
Forty-five men were employed in extending the trench from j towards rifle-pit j* ; a distance of 20 yards was completed, the ground being very unfavourable ; 40 men were employed in extending the trench towards the rifle-pit (z) a distance of 60 yards.
A party of 61 of the Naval Brigade were employed at the approach from No. 2 battery to No. 16 battery.
The French sent up information from the Cemetery that they expected to be attacked, but nothing occurred. From the noise in the ravine, I think the enemy were removing shot from their depot under the cliff.
Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade' 80°.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 20, night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
4 a.m. to 8 A.M.
Workixo Parts’.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 men.
(Capt. 8kdlet, R.E.
Officers on duty < Lieut. Anderson', UOtli L Regt.
Sappers were told off in general superintendence of the works.
One hundred men working in fifth parallel, strengthening it, &c., carrying baskets of earth to the extreme right of it, to cover the outside of wall; 30 in communication p to battery No. 17, making trench, &c.; 30 in communication close to the Coehorn battery No. 16, in the Quarries, forming it, and heightening, &c.
Sixty men in the new 2-gun battery No. 20 in the Quarries, making it; 20 in repairing the embrasures in the 2-gun portion between batteries Nos. 14 and 19 ; 40 men in fourth parallel, strengthening, &c. ; 100 in new communication m from fourth to fifth parallel, filling the gabions and forming trench.
Twenty in battery No. 19 and communication n leading to it from third parallel. The quantity of work done was satisfactory.
The enemy greatly annoyed the working parties in the Quarries, by keeping up a very heavy fire of grape, but the casualties were not many. Nothing of importance occurred during the night.
Wounded, 10 rank and flic.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
3 c

386
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
July 21, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . , . £ Sappers . . . Line miners . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
47 men.
20 „
Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1st Relief.
No. 15 battery, 20 men making a traverse between Nos. 1 and 2 mortars ; No. 14 battery, 60 men thickening parapet of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns, cutting passage round traverse on right, making shell-room between Nos. 3 and 4 guns, and making ramps to bring in Nos. 6, 7, and 8 guns ; No. 8 battery, 30 men repairing Nos. 1 and 2 magazines and traverses in front of them ; ten men repairing bridge across communication k to No. 14 battery ; 30 men thickening parapet and improving cover on left of demi- parallel.
2d Relief.
No. 15 battery, 20 men, No. 14 battery, 60 men, No. 8 battery, 40 men, employed the same as during 1st relief.
Ten men clearing out rock blasted by miners on the left of No. 13 battery, and repairing revetment ; 70 men at No. 16 battery, thickening the parapet, and putting more earth on magazine on right.
There was a good deal of firing on both sides from 12 noon till about 7 p.m., especially on No. 9 battery, from the Garden batteries.
The Russians were playing with four mortars on the working parties in the third parallel, but no casualties occurred.
July 21, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Naval Brigade 80 „
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Belson, R.E.
Communication v to the Cemetery, clearing out the stones blasted by the miners in the daytime, and building up a wall with it and the stone from the old wall at the bottom of the ravine ; trench j j 1 , connecting the rifle-pits opposite the centre of the fourth parallel with the parallel ; a traverse was formed at the end of the trench, and some damage done to the work previously executed' made good. The earth having all to be brought from the rear in sandbags, the progress made in this work was not great. The
Right Attack.
1855.
July 21, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 T.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Carpenter's . , Officers on duty
fist relief, 400 mer:,
12d relief, 400' „ fist relief, 24 „
12d relief, 16 „
2d relief, 8 „
Lieut. Brine, R.E. Major Campbell, 46th Regt.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and the carpenters were employed in laying mortar platform, No. 19 battery.
Fourth parallel, deepening and widening trench and forming cover, 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief, 80 men ; 2-gun battery, near Quarries, throwing up earth and laying fascines, 20 men in each relief; approach p to No. 17 battery, forming cover and making good communication, 1st relief, 30 men.
Fifth parallel, making banquettes to parapet, and digging earth for carrying in the night, 100 men in each relief; No. 17 battery, forming epaulment, excavating for magazine, carrying stores, 1st relief, 80 men, 2d relief, 60 men.
Communication o, from third parallel to No. 17 battery, widening and improving trench, 1st relief, 20 men, 2d relief, 80 men.
Right approach k to fourth parallel, improving cover, 1st relief, 100 men, 2d relief, 60 men.
During the day there was nothing of any importance to report or notice, except the burning of our carcases in No. 18 battery, caused by the bursting of one of the enemy’s shells at about 4 o’clock.
WOEXING PAETY.
July 21, Night. Line .... idrenches
9 P.M. to 2 A.M. C Special party 200 „
Sappers . . . 24 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Brine, R.E.
Owing to the brigadier positively refusing to allow, besides the special party of 200 men, more than 200 men as a working party, either from 9 p.m. to 2 a.m. or from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., not so much work was accomplished as there ought to have been.
The Sappers, 21 in number, were employed in general superintendence, and unmasking two guns in No. 14 (5-gun battery). It would be a benefit if these two guns were handed over to the sailors, who already man the adjoining ones.

«
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 387
Left Attack.
trench connecting the rifle-pits in front of the right of the fourth parallel was continued as far as the next pit (about 30 to 40 yards), and part of the trench previously commenced was deepened. The short cut across the zigzag communication (r) from the third parallel to the right of the fourth parallel was deepened. The stone blasted by the miners in the daytime in the right demi-parallel was cleared out. No. 16 batteiy, the earth on the merlons of Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 guns was thrown forward, to thicken the parapet, and that on the top of the magazine on the right was levelled off. No. 14 battery, the revetment of the embrasures of the four left guns was continued, and the earth cleared out of No. 1 embrasure ; No. 4 was also revetted with fascines.
A party of sailors worked at the communication from the first parallel to Nos. 10 and 16 batteries, at No. 6 embrasure, No. 10 battery, and at the embrasures generally of Nos. 9 and 11. I am not positive of their exact number, and I therefore have put it at about 80.
Wounded, 5 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade
86 °.
Right Attack.
Fourth parallel, changing direction of trench slightly, 34 men; communication m, from fourth to fifth parallel, excavating trench, forming cover, and fixing and filling 70 gabions, 170 men.
2-gun battery No. 20 (Quarries), throwing up earth and fixing gabions, 40 men ; carrying sandbags and gabions, 20 men.
Fifth parallel, carrying earth and digging trench behind stone wall, right of Quarry pit, 100 men ; repairing parapet and embrasures, No. 17 battery, four men; unmasking guns and repairing embrasures to No. 14 battery, ten men.
No. 19 batteiy, making epauhnent and excavating for magazine, 20 men.
There was a good deal of shelling from the enemy during the night, but it was equally well returned by our batteries. The casualties were not many, and the working parties were not much disturbed.
I beg to bring under your favourable consideration Corporal John Ross, 2d Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, who connected the approach from the fourth parallel on the Right with the old pit q ; and I would also recommend Private Lacey, 9th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, should receive a higher class of working pay than his present, the third.
I recommend Corporal Ross to be allowed 21 .
(Signed) James Simpson,
Lieut.-General Commanding.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 26 rank and file.
Dav very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 86 °. ”
Look-out Station.
lass. Very few convoys arrived yesterday at the north fort. About 30 carts with gabions came in ;
July is. about 70 went out, but empty. Two barges of gabions came over to the south side. The Cemetery greatly increasing. Two alternate embrasures have closed in the flank battery of the Redan (proper left).
The French have continued their parallel in front of Malakoff down to the ravine, completed one or two rifle-pits in their front, and made a very large one, almost a place-d’armes. The two epaulments to the left rear of the Mamelon are armed with large guns.
The white camp of the Russians on the north hill seems composed of wooden huts. The camps are certainly larger than a week ago, but not more men observed about them. Where the embrasures in front of the Malakoff are filled in, there seems a great raising of the earth, as if to form a plateau on which to place a gun to have a greater command on the French trenches.
The Russians have again, the day before yesterday, fired shot into and beyond the camp of the 1st brigade of Light Division.
3 c 2

388
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
1855. An additional embrasure near the two lately cut in the Redan was opened in the proper
July 16. left flank of the Redan. The French parallel in front of Malakoff is continued down to the ravine ; their new rifle-pit is connected with their parallel, and another gun in their battery to the left rear of Mamelon. 10.15 a.ji. yesterday, a flag of truce at Fort Constantine, answered from the fleet. Gabions were carried through the opening in the wall towards the Malakoff. Much musketry in the morning between the Malakoff and the French rifle-pits. The sack stacks on the north side considerably diminished, the Russians having been carting them away all day; a few by the lower road eastward, the remainder by the upper or north road ; the carts disappearing over the high ground beyond the tents.
Frequent burials at the Cemetery. A number of wooden tubs at the edge of the burial ground have been removed, and the pits are now extending to the left into the ravine. Nine barges with gabions crossed from the north side, and two laden with packages to the north side.
Two hundred and sixty-four carts came by the upper road towards Sebastopol, 53 of which with gabions ; 56 carts came by the lower road, 27 others being covered. The carts returned generally that had arrived ; 83 appeared laden.
July 17. A number of gabions were carted yesterday by the Russians from the landing place towards the Malakoff. Two more stacks of sacks have been added to the store on the north side. The field batteries that had been parked at the camp on the Malakoff side have been removed ; 12 waggons only remain. Men at work all day in the Redan, and at forts on the north side. Water was brought up from the direction of the landing place nearly the whole afternoon. The number of huts increase. Seven barges with gabions came from north side, and three with cargoes not distinguishable; four passed to the north side laden. Men at work at the 6-gun battery in front of the Barracks. Many funerals in the course of the day. 406 carts came towards Sebastopol by the upper road, 134 of them carrying gabions, 111 by the Tower road, 27 being covered ones. About the same number of carts returned to the country, 90 of them laden. Six waggons with hay came in.
July 19. About 129 carts came in yesterday, principally with gabions ; about 135 left empty. A new embrasure is being made to the right of the Redan (proper left), flank battery. The artillery camp to the south of llic market village is gone, and cannot be seen elsewhere.
An extensive mud hut encampment was observed in the most distant ridge of the hill over the other camps. It may have been there before, but it was only observed in consequence of the clearness of the air. This morning the French fired 22 rockets from beneath the Victoria Redoubt, said to be at the market village on the north side ; but no result was seen. Our shells reached to the rear of the Government House in Sebastopol. No carts of any kind have passed in or out this morning, neither have any boats crossed the harbour ; everything unusually quiet.
The hay and sack stacks are just in the same state as the day before yesterday. Russian bands heard on the north side, but no bodies of men in motion.
One of our shells from the new mortar battery burst behind the cupola. The French approaches are up to the road running round the hill on which the Malakoff is placed.
July 23. One hundred and sixty-eight carts came to the north side yesterday ; some with gabions ; some covered with black covers; 88 left empty by the upper road, 35 of which were laden, and some heavy. Two heavy guns drawn by horses.
GENERAL ORDERS.
No. 5.
July 16. The reports of the generals of the day in the trenches will in future be forwarded through the general officers commanding divisions.
July 20. No. 13.— General officers commanding divisions and heads of corps and departments will be pleased to give directions that all hoop iron shall be collected and delivered at the Royal Engineer parks.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
389
Application must be made to the Laud Transport Corps for the necessary transport.
1855. Lieutenant-General Simpson announces to the army that he has had the honour to receive
July 21. from Her Majesty the Queen the appointment of Commander-in-Cliief of the army in the Crimea.
The Lieutenant-General, though deeply impressed with the responsibilities of the position in which he is placed, is most proud of the high and distinguished honour, and of the confidence thus reposed in him by his sovereign.
It will be the Lieutenant-Generars duty to endeavour to follow in the steps of his great predecessor ; and he feels confident of the support of the generals, and of the officers and soldiers, in maintaining unimpaired the honour and discipline of this noble army.
James Simpson,
Lieutenant-General Commanding.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
July is. Par. No. 1.—The directors of the two attacks are requested to notice in their weekly summary the removal of any guns from original batteries to more advanced positions, and to state their number.
Remarks by the Commanding Royal Engineer.
Right Attack.
The work performed during this period consists almost entirely in the repairs to parapets, batteries, and removing of platforms to batteries more in advance.
A new communication from third parallel to battery No. 19, and also from Quarries to the same
Commenced a new communication from fourth to fifth parallel.
Left Attack.
Repairs to batteries in general; removing platforms to the front. Commenced a communication from the left of No. 2 battery to batteries Nos. 10 and 16. The same from third parallel, with an approach on right of fourth parallel.
Battery No. 16 completed, as also the trenches to Nos. 11 and 16. This was necessarily performed by blasting, the ground being solid rock.
In many parts of the advanced works earth has to be carried there by the working party to form parapets or to improve the cover.
The enemy continues busily employed with large parties of men in strengthening themselves within the Redan, and thence to the large Barracks; also from the lower works on tlieir right of the Malakoff, by running a line of intrenchment along the crest of the ravine.
Until the last few days, very little fire from the enemy by day. Some of their batteries appear to be re-armed. At night they bring a heavy fire upon our working parties, causing many casualties.
The French are working well towards the Malakoff.
The heat in the trenches by day is most oppressive, added to which, the noxious state of the atmosphere in them is most offensive.
The young officers of engineers and the men of the Sappers lately joined from England suffer very much from the great heat. They soon fall ill with fever. This makes the duty in the trenches very severe upon those who are able to bear the fatigue.

390
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
On the night of the 17th the Russians crept up the face of the lull in front of our Left attack, and got into the fourth parallel. They were soon driven back, leaving some dead bodies in the parallel. Had the advanced sentries been on the alert the enemy would have been prevented gaining this momentary advantage.
"The Russians set fire to two houses in rear of the “ Mamelon Vert ” at the Cemetery, Left attack.
On the 21st the enemy threw a great number of shells into our trenches, causing many casualties. They set fire to a number of carcasses in battery No. 18, which caused a great smoke, and burned until all the composition was consumed.
Colonel Vertprde, commanding the Sardinian Artillery, accompanied General Jones in his inspection of the works on the two attacks.
Commodore Lushington, having been promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral, has been succeeded in the command of the Naval Brigade by Commodore the Honourable H. Keppel.
Left Attack.
1855.
July 22, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Communication to Cemetery v, one pair of miners employed working down the slope, to make banquettes ; four Sappers and 32 men employed in thickening parapet by a new stone revetment, for new mortar battery No. 20, in the communication to the small redoubt above the Caves.
Right demi-parallel, two Sappers and 30 men employed building up stone ; blasting and thickening parapet ; No. 14 battery, two Sappers and 40 men cutting round traverse by right mortar, repairing revetment by Nos. 1 and 2 guns ; blasting rock in rear of Nos. 2 and 3 guns ; continuing shell-room between Nos. 3 and 4 guns ; thickening parapet of Nos. 9 and 10 gun portions ; No. 8 battery, two Sappers mining for drain through parapet at shell- room ; No. 13 battery, throwing earth over parapet, excavating for a place for piling shells, one Sapper and 10 men ; one Sapper and five men revetting parapet on the left ; two Sappers and 20 men revetting banquette with old planks in fourth parallel on left of place- d’armes e 2 ; miners employed blasting in fourth parallel, right demi-parallel. At about 7 p.m. a large explosion took place in front of the Bastion du Mat.
Line
Sappers . . . OJJiccr on duty
\\ obking Party.
< 1st relief, 150 men.
* * (.2drelief, 200 „
fist relief, 06 men.
* * (.2d relief, 12 „
Lieut. Neville, E.E.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 22, Say.
1st relief.
4 a.m. to 8 A.M.
2d relief.
3 p.m. to 7 P.M. Night relief.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Carpenters . Officers on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 200 men.
. . < 2d relief, 350 „
(.Night relief, 500 men. rist relief, 17 men.
< 2d relief, 11 „
(.Night relief, 24 men.
2d relief, 8 men. ("Major Stanton, R.E.
< Capt. Wolseley, 90th C Regiment.
1st relief.
From 4 a.m. to 8 a.m.— 50 men and five Sappers in fifth parallel ; 20 men and two Sappers in new communication p to No. 17 battery ; four Sappers in No. 17 battery ; 10 men and one Sapper in new 2-gun battery No. 20, near the Quarries ; 20 men and two Sappers in fourth parallel ; 30 men and two Sappers in right approach k to fourth parallel ; 20 men and two Sappers rebuilding wall of magazine No. 1 in Caves ; 20 men and one Sapper carrying materials ; 30 men and two Sappers in No. 19 battery.
2d relief.
From 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.— 20 men and two Sappers at No. 1 magazine in Caves ; 10 men and one Sapper making surgeons’ hut ; 20 men and one Sapper in fourth parallel; 60 men and two Sappers in fifth parallel ; 30 men and two Sappers in new communication p to No. 17 battery ; 10 men and two Sappers in new 2-gun battery No. 20 near the Quarries ; 40 men and one Sapper in No. 19 battery ; 70 men, right communication k to fourth parallel ; 40 men, left communication n to No. 19 battery ; 50 men filling and carrying sandbags to fourth parallel ; two brigades of carpenters employed.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
391
Left Attack. -
Right Attack.
1855.
July 22, Night.
7 P.M. to 2 A.M.
W'OBKISG PAETY.
LitI* . . . .
bailors . . .
tappers . . . Officer on duty
200 men.
60 „
26 ,,
Capt. Penjt, R.A.
1. 43 men employed in No. 1G battery, thickening parapet of Nos. 3, 6, 7 guns, revetting No. 4 embrasure one gabion more to the front, and No. 5 two gabions more ; making a traverse on the right of the battery, and cutting passage round it.
2. Twenty-five men employed in No. 14 battery, throwing earth to the front, Nos. 6, 7, and 8 guns ; revetting No. 1 gun one more gabion to the front, No. 6 gun three more, and altering revetment of No. 7 gun.
3. Eight men employed in No. 10 battery, to revet right cheek of No. 6 embrasure, and to alter right cheek of No. 5.
4. Thirty men employed on the right of the right demi-parallel, thickening parapet, and clearing trench of loose stones left by miners.
5. Thirty men employed at communication v to Cemetery, to clear trench of stones left by miners, and improve cover.
6. Forty-five men employed to improve cover of centre communication j j 2 to the fifth parallel.
7. Twenty-two men employed improving cover of trench connecting rifle-pits overlooking Woronzoff Road ; three more pits made, the first 11 yards from end of trench, the second 20 yards from first, and the third 20 yards from the second, and 20 yards from large pit z 2 ; no casualties.
An unsual fire of shell. About 10.30 p.m. there was a sortie made on the French in front of the Mamelon. At 12.30 a.m. there was another made on the French, on their left of the Flagstaff Battery. A fire was observed for some time before the sortie commenced, near the place. About 8 f.m. there was an explosion near the Flagstaff; a small mine, I think, sprung by the French, for working, as soon afterwards the place was heavily shelled.
Killed, 2 rank and die. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fiue. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 87°.
One laying platforms in No. 19 battery, the other taking up old platforms in No. 5 battery.
Night relief.
From 8 p.m. to 2 a.m.— 20 men in fifth parallel ; 50 men in fourth parallel ; 100 men in new approach from fourth parallel to rifle-pit q ; 50 men at new battery No. 20 near the Quarries ; 50 men in right communication k to fourth parallel ; 50 men at battery No. 19 ; 100 more were demanded, but did not arrive.
Three brigades of Sappers superintending the different works.
The working parties were employed making up the banquette, filling sandbags, and collecting earth in the fifth parallel during the day, and at night improving the cover by carrying earth, &c. ; in the fourth parallel, making up the banquette, and repairing the parapet where wanted, improving the cover, &c. in the communication, thickening the parapet of the new battery No. 20, and excavating for magazine, &c. in the battery No. 19.
Very little work was done during tho night, which may be partially accounted for by the difficulty of keeping the men to their work during the heavy cannonade that was going on near at hand, but is in a great measure attributable to the carelessness and neglect of orders of the non-commissioned officer of Sappers in charge of working parties ; and I have particularly to report several of the Sappers for allowing the whole of their parties to lie down and idle.
The enemy made two sorties during the night on the French works; one on the right near the Careening Creek, at 10.30 a.m. ; the other on the left, apparently near the centre bastion, at about 12.30 a.m. Both 'were accompanied by a very heavy cannonade, which lasted about half an hour. They also kept up a steady fire of shells upon our trenches, causing some casualties amongst the guard, but none amongst the working pnrties.
I beg leave to call your notice to the fact of the guard of the trenches building small screens of stone in the trenches (particularly the fourth parallel), during the heat of the day, and not removing them ; thereby blocking up the trenches very considerably ; and on my requesting an officer to order his men to remove these obstructions, he declined doing so.

392
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
stating that lie had found thorn when he came into the trench.
I did not notice any large working parties of the enemy, but he seemed to have been at work generally along his line.
The cover in the new approaches to the rifle-pit q is still very defective ; and from the very great difficulty of getting earth near at hand I fear some time must elapse before these approaches can be used in the daytime, unless cover is made by sandbags.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 87°.
Private X. Gillard, 9tli Company, killed.
Extract from report from the field officer of the trenches to the general officer commanding in the trenches, Right attack, on the 22d July 1855 :—
“ I nlso beg to remark upon the very unsafe state of parts of our advanced works ; the parapet on the right of No. 18 (mortar battery) is in a most dangerous state.
“ In several places, where shot or shell have almost levelled the parapet, there has been no notice taken of it, and parties passing by these places are easily seen by the enemy, bringing upon the relieving parties a heavy fire.”
Observations.
It is the duty of the gunrd of the trenches to repair damages caused by a shot or shell in the parapet where they are stationed. The officer in charge of the men stationed near the breach should pay immediate attention to those important points, and if materials are not at hand they should apply at the engineer depot for them.
Inquiry shall be made in respect to the latter part of the field officer's report.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, Comm? R.E.
1855.
July 23, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
5 r.M. to 7 p.m.
Wobking Pabtv.
Line . , . . Sappers . . . Sapper miners Officer on duty
fist relief, 150 men.
1 2d relief, 200 „
45 men.
19 „
Lieut. Doxxelt.y, It.E.
1st Relief.
No. 15 battery, 15 men making traverses between Nos. 1 and 2 mortars, cutting passage round traverse between Nos. 5 and 6; No. 14 battery, 20 men thickening merlon between Nos. 9 and 10 guns, joining the traverse on right to the parapet, and cutting
1855.
July 23, Bay.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . |
Carpenters. . Officer on duty
1st relief, 300 moil. 2d relief, 300 „
1st relief, 24 „
2d relief, 16 „
2d relief, 8 „
Lt. Exphinstoitk,
R.K.
1. Fourth parallel, 1st relief, seven Sappers and 60 men, 2d relief, one Sapper and 24 men, improving cover on extreme right, building up banquettes, and picking and collecting earth for use during the night. The soil is very rocky ; miners will have to he employed in various places.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
393
Left Attack.
pussnge in rear of it ; No. 16 battery, 40 men thick- j ening parapets of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns ; shell-room j on right worked at; making traverse on right ; 30 men increasing cover in right demi-parallel ; 30 men increasing cover in trench in front of No. 7 battery ; 1.) men repairing bridge across communication k to No. 14 battery, and carrying magazine timbers to the front.
2d Relief.
No. 15 battery, 25 men.
No. 14 battery, 30 men.
No. 16 battery, 70 men.
Trench in front of No. 7 battery, 40 men.
Thirty men repairing No. 3 mortar battery.
These parties were employed as during 1st relief.
Three men were killed during the day ; two by a shell, and one by a rifle-ball.
There was a heavy fire in the afternoon on the working party in No. 16 battery.
Right Attack.
2. Fifth parallel, 1st relief, six Sappers and 60 men, 2d relief, three Sappers and 60 men, collecting earth for throwing over the parapet during the night, and filling 900 sandbags for the same purpose; likewise repairing portions of the old parapet which had been injured by the enemy’s fire.
Colour-Sergeant A. M‘Leod, 9th Company, slightly wounded.
3. New 2-gun battery, No. 20, in the Quarries, 1st relief, three Sappers and 20 men, 2d relief, two Snp- pers and 20 men, widening the terreplcinc, and thickening parapet, and collecting earth for the night relief.
4. Conveying 180 gabions from the depot in the 21-gtin battery to the Right approach k to the fourth parallel, for the purpose of being able to continue that trench to the edge of the ravine during the night relief, 1st relief, two Sappers and 60 men.
5. Fourth parallel, right extremity, filling sandbags, and conveying them to where the Right approach m to the fifth parallel commences, ready for the night’s use, 2d relief, five Sappers and 130 men.
6. No. 19 battery, 1st relief, 2 Sappers, one brigade carpenters, 2d relief, 66 men, three Sappers and one brigade carpenters, thickening parapet, clearing terre- pleine, and increasing size of the left epaulmenf, likewise continuing the excavation for the magazine, &c., filling sandbags for revetting the same, &e.
7. 21-gun battery, 2d relief, one brigade of carpenters repairing and partially relaying one of the platforms which had sustained a good deal of wear and tear.
8. Three Sappers were employed during both reliefs as sentries over the various depots of tools.
9. I again had great difficulty in obtaining a sufficiency of men as a working party.
During the 1st relief I obtained merely 200 instead of 300, and 100 men of the 2d relief did not arrive until 5.30 i*.m. instead of 3 o’clock. Great confusion is created by this irregularity in the arrival of the working party, and the services of several Sappers invariably lost. I likewise beg to remark, that the adjutant of the trenches does not seem to be aware of the general order directing him to meet the officers of Royal Engineers in the Quarries at certain stated hours, thus frequently obliging the latter officer to perambulate the whole of the trenches for the purpose of finding him, to the detriment of his work.
3 D

394
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
July 23, Night. 8 F.H. to 2 A.M,
"Working Partt.
Line .... 190 men.
Sappers ... 22
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
A party of thirty men were employed in No. 16 battery, carrying on the traverse, and throwing the earth to the front. A party of 30 men were employed in No. 14 battery, thickening the parapet, making a look-out place, and removing sandbags from embrasures, &c. A party of 30 men were employed in the right demi-parallel, improving the cover, &c. A party of 20 men were employed in the communication v to the Cemetery, building up wall for miners, and clearing the trench. A party of 40 men were employed in improving the cover in the centre approach jj 1 to the fifth parallel. A party of 40 men were employed in extending the trench. This party I extended, at intervals apart, over the 96 yards between the trench already excavated and a rifle-screen j 2 , as it was too light to work tlicro, so ns to form a continuous trench. A party of 100 of the Naval Brigade extended the trench from No. 2 battery to No. 16 battery 80 yards.
The sentries were pushed well over the crest of the hill, and observed no movement of the enemy in the valley.
The Royal Artillery brought four guns into No. 14 battery. The enemy seem to have detected them while bringing in the last gun, as they pitched two light-balls immediately after, and shelled the road.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and fde.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in the shade 89°.
Right Attack.
10. The enemy were unusually quiet during the whole of this day, and did not attempt to molest our working parties by shot or shell, as they have of late been in the habit of doing.
: WobkingPabtv.
! t . f 200 men.
j Line .... | 300 n
i Sappers ... 24 „
! Office,-on duty ^Ca|GD E Moietks,
1. Right approach m to fifth parallel, improving cover ; there is at present cover sufficient for two- thirds of the way, to allow men to be put in during the day; 200 men.
2. Fifth parallel, 200 men, improving cover, reversing old Russian trench, throwing earth over wall. The portion to be reversed extends across a small ravine about 70 yards.
3. New 2-gun battery, No. 20 in Quarries, forming parapet, 50 men.
4. Fixing Russian wooden loopholes in fifth parallel, so as to bear on left flanks of Redan; six fixed; 10 men.
5. Fourth parallel, improving cover on extreme right, 40 men.
The working parties worked very well, and there was no difficulty in obtaining them, and they came at the appointed hour.
The enemy fired a great deal during the night, chiefly shells, and caused about 10 casualties among the working parties, chiefly in the party throwing earth over the masonry wall in the fifth parallel.
In the Right approach m to this parallel the last third of the way is over solid rock.
In places the earth has been taken off the surface for 30 feet back from the gabions. It will be necessary to obtain the required height of parapet by sandbags. The Russian work into which this approach leads appears to have been a very large rifle-pit, the terre- pleine of which was sunk about six feet below the level of the ground, and a six-foot parapet built besides. In the exterior are three huts, about 12 feet square, sunk into the ground, and with a flat roof, covered with six or eight inches of earth and sod work. A trench leads down from it towards the Russian works. In this trench the enemy had apicquet, which fired on the field officer, who was examining the ground previous to placing his sentries. They killed
1855.
July 23, Night.
81 P.M. to 2 A.M.
91 P.M. to 2 A.M.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
395
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 24, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . S. miners . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief, 200 „
46 men.
16 „
Capt. Belson, R.E.
Right demi-parallel, improving the cover and thickening the parapet.
No. 14 battery, continuing the right-hand traverse, and throwing forward earth to thicken some of the merlons ; No. 15 battery, cutting round the end of a traverse, &c. ; No. 16 battery, finishing a traverse on left, and shell-room on right, and thickening the parapet of the three right-hand guns ; No. 3 mortar battery, repairing the revetment of the parapet ; parties of Sappers, with the Line soldiers acting as miners, were also working in the communication v to the Cemetery in the fourth parallel and the left of the third parallel, making a banquette in the trench connecting the rifle-pits z 1 z 2 in front of the right of the fourth parallel.
The enemy fired a good deal at our advanced trenches in the course of the afternoon, and occasioned 11 casualties.
one man and wounded another by this discharge, and then fell back.
The Russians could be heard at work on the proper left of the Redan.
'Wounded, 24 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 89°.
1855.
July 24, Day.
2 A.M. to 4 A.M.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . ^ Sappers . . . Carpenters . .
Officer on duty £
1st relief, 300 men.
2d relief, 300 „
24 men.
8 „
Lieut. Anderson, 06th Regt., Ass 1 . Eng r ,
1. Ninety men in the 1st and 100 men in the 2d relief employed in fifth parallel, thickening parapet and making banquettes, also collecting earth to throw over at night.
2. Twenty men in each relief forming parapet for new Quarry battery, No. 20.
3. Ten men in each relief in No. 2 boyau Y leading to fifth parallel, throwing up parapet.
4. Ten men in each relief making latrine to the left of communication o in approach to Quarries.
5. Ten men in each relief excavating for doctors’ hut near the Quarries.
6. Ten men, 1st relief, repairing shot holes, generally.
7. Thirty men in cncli relief, widening communication to magazine of No. 19 battery, and thickening parapet.
8. Twenty men in each relief in Right approach to fourth parallel thickening parapet, and carrying any stray sandbags to fourth parallel.
9. Fifty men, 1st relief, in communication leading from fourth parallel to fifth parallel. These men worked in this communication for upwards of two hours, but so many casualties having occurred, and the enemy’s fire being principally directed on this spot, I thought fit to withdraw them, and place them in fourth parallel, for general work.
10. 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief, 100 men, thickening parapets, and making banquettes in fourth parallel and approaches.
11. Three brigades of Sappers employed in general superintendence.
12. Two brigades of carpenters employed in repairing and replacing platforms in 21-gun battery ; two platforms nearly finished.
13. The whole of third parallel requires thorough repair ; in some places the men can be seen as far as the waist.
3 d 2

396
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1SS5.
July 24, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Jam .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 26 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
One Sapper and 10 men at No. 10 battery ; step made to support gabion of right cheek ; two Sappers and 10 men, No. 16 battery, No. 3 gun, three gabions revetted and sole sunk, earth on top of parapet thrown forward ; two Sappers and 20 men, right demi- parallel, clearing trench of stones left by miners, and an exterior revetment of 20 feet built up on right epaulment next to Ravine ; six Sappers and 30 men, No. 14 battery, No. 1 gun, one gabion revetted, No. 2 gun, three gabions revetted, No. 3 gun, two gabions revetted, Nos. 6, 7, and 8 guns revetted with fascines above gabions on cheeks, earth thrown forward ; four Sappers and 20 men revetting parapet of place- d’armes d in fourth parallel destroyed by round shot.
Two Sappers and 50 men in fifth parallel extended from extreme left to the right pit z 1 overlooking WoronzofF Road, increasing cover ; two Sappers and 25 men improving cover of Right approach to fourth parallel ; two .Sappers and 30 men in communication v to Cemetery, clearing trench of loose stones, and building screen wall.
The enemy kept up a general fire of grape, shell, &c. throughout the night, along the whole front, which was well answered.
Wounded, 11 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thunderstorm, with heavy rain, in forenoon. Thermometer in shade 87 degrees.
Extract from Letter to the Assistant Adjutant- General, Fourth Division, from Col. ■
“ 24tli July 1855.
“ 1 would represent also the urgent necessity for a banquette in the fourth parallel and connecting trenches. I unhesitatingly affirm, that in their present state they are, comparatively to what they might be, defenceless.
The banquette too requires, from the nature of the ground, some construction that shall enable the
Right Attack.
14. The men are in the habit of sleeping on the newly made banquettes in fourth parallel, consequently rendering them unfit for use. This would not occur if a few precautionary measures were taken l>v the officers in charge of the men.
1855.
July 24, irifht.
3 P.M. to 8 P.M.
91 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Parti.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . OJJicer on duty
1st relief, 300 men. 2d relief, 400 „
24 men.
Capt. Sediey, R.K.
Three brigades carpenters employed in general superintendence.
Working parties of the Line employed as follows :
One hundred meu in the fifth parallel, making banquettes, &c. ; 20 men in the Quarry battery No. 20, in continuation of No. 17 battery, throwing up parapet, &c., and forming battery ; 10 men repairing a magazine in the 21-gun battery ; 10 men making latrine, &c. in rear of Quarries ; 100 men in No. 19 battery and communication n from third parallel ; 60 men thickening parapet in fourth
parallel, and filling sandbags, &c., to be used at night.
The men worked from 3.0 a.m. to 8.0 a.m. satisfactorily.
2d Relief.
From 9.30 i\m. to 2.0 a.m.— Three brigades of Sappers employed in general superintendence of' working parties.
Working party of the Line employed as follows :
One hundred men in the extreme light of fifth parallel, deepening a trench towards the Russian Ravine on the right; 110 men, also in the fifth parallel, strengthening weak portions of parapet, and carrying earth in baskets to places near wall parapets; 200 men in the Right approach m between the fourth and fifth parallel and the adjoining part of fourth parallel, altering the direction of the approach, deepening and making it, &e.
The men did not commence work until about 10.0 r.M. on account of the strong moonlight, and the exposed portions where they were required to work in the advance, and as the enemy kept up a very heavy fire of grape and shell from 11.0 r.M. to nearly 2.0 a.m. The working parties were so often disturbed that I cannot report the extent of work done as much, but still I do not attribute blame to any one.
In conclusion, I have to report that I received only 400 men as a working party instead of 500, and those

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
397
Left Attack.
soldiers to do more than lire over the parapet. I venture to trace a section of the parallel.
“ From the top of the parapet are three lines.— No. 1 represents what I believe to be the direction of fire on such as gain the top and uncertain footing of the parapet ; No. 2, what might be conceived (were there a banquette) a proper direction ; No. 3, dotted line, I intend to represent the true direction, pointing out how harmless the fire of No. 2 would prove.”
Right Attack.
j told off for the Quarries appeared to have received i orders to remain in the 21-gun battery until sent for.
I I beg to suggest that they should be ordered to the Quarries, as being nearer their work.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 26 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thunderstorm, with heavy rain, in forenoon. Thermometer in shade ; 87 degrees.
Minute.
The fourth parallel was never constructed with the intention that the men placed in it should fire over the parapet. Such a thing would be attended with great loss, even if possible.
The fourth parallel was made to contain a few good marksmen, to fire into the embrasures of the surrounding and Cemetery batteries of the enemy.
Col. --appears to have misunderstood entirely the
nature and object of the fourth parallel. No banquette for men to fire over the parapet was ever contemplated. Any person who has ever been in the fourth parallel will in an instant have seen the exposed position of it, in regard to the surrounding works of the enemy, and how injudicious it would be to attempt to place men on a banquette, and thus, by rising them up on a high level, expose them needlessly to certainty of being knocked down.
There should not be any banquette. The loopholes should be placed on such a level that the men can stand on the sole of the trench, and fire through them. This has repeatedly been explained by me to the men stationed in the fourth parallel, but without corresponding effect.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones, Major-General,
Commdg Royal Engineers.
24th July, 1855.
1855.
July 25, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 F.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st Relief.
fist relief, 150 men. X 2d relief, 250 „ 1st relief, G9 „ Cajit. Penn, R.A.
1. Thirty men employed in No. 8 battery, sinking ground in rear of No. 1 gun, and thickening cpaul- ment on the right, and throwing earth on the side of No. 1 magazine, and continuing to mine for drainage ; extended to 15 feet 6 inches from interior revetment.
2. Thirty men employed on extreme right of right demi-parallcl, excavating and thickening parapet.
3. Twenty-five men employed to thicken parapet of trench in front of No. 7 battery.
1855.
July 25, Hay,
3 r.^r. to 7 p.ji.
Working Pariy
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 800 mcu.
1 2d relief, 800 „
24 men.
f Major Campbell, 46th {. Rest., Assis 1 Ens r .
1st Relief.
Fifth parallel - -
60
men.
No. 17 battery -
20
5)
Communication r lo No. 17
20
99
Right approach m to fifth parallel
30
99
Fourth parallel ...
60
99
Right approach k to fourth pai’allel -
50
99
Carrying stores -
34
99
Doctors’ hut - - -
10
99
Magazine of No. 19
10
99
No, 18 battery ...
6
99

398
JOURNAL' OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
4. Twenty-five men employed making traverse in third parallel, 60 feet from old traverse.
5. Ten men employed in No. 16 battery, throwing earth on parapet of Nos. 1 and 2 guns, and cutting passage round traverse on right.
6. Ten men carrying timber for carpenters in No. 15 battery.
7. Ten* men employed on left of No. 13 battery, excavating, and revetting parapet with stone.
8. Ten men employed at shell-room in No. 14 battery.
2d Relief.
9. Thirty men employed in No. 8 battery, sinking ground in rear of No. 1 gun, and thickening cpaul- ment on the right, and thickening earth on No. 1 magazine.
10. Thirty men employed on extreme right of right demi-parallel, excavating, and thickening parapet.
11. Twenty-five men employed to thicken parapet of trench in front of No. 7 battery.
12. Twenty-five men employed making traverse in third parallel, 60 feet on the left of old one.
13. Twenty men employed in No. 16 battery, thickening parapet of Nos. 1 and 2 guns, and to cut passage round traverse on the right.
14. Ten men employed on left of No. 13 battery, excavating, and revetting parapet with stone.
15. Ten men employed finishing shell-room in No. 14 battery.
16. Fifty men employed in the first parallel, collecting and carrying old timber and gabions to the engineer depot, No. 5 battery.
17. Fifty men employed clearing trench of communication from right of second parallel to third parallel, of stones, and revetting with stones also, to thicken parapet.
Blasters.
18. Twelve men were employed blasting in trench in front of No. 7 battery.
19. Fourteen men employed blasting in trench of communication v to Cemetery.
20. Nine men blasting on right of right demi- parallel.
Right Attack. 2d Relief.
Fifth parallel -
70 men.
Approach in to fifth parallel -
30 „
No. 17 battery - - -
20 „
Fourth parallel - - -
60 „
Right approach k to fourth parallel -
60 „
Carrying stores ...
40 „
New communication to No. 17
10 „
Doctors’ hut ....
10 „
Three brigades of Sappers in general superin-
tendence. The men worked well all day.
A heavy fire of round shot and musketry was maintained by the enemy, especially from 4 a.m. until 8 a.m. I found it necessary to withdraw the working party of 30 men from the Right approach m to the fifth parallel, between the hours of 7 a.m. and 8 a.m., in consequence of the fire from the Redan.
Six casualties occurred amongst the working parties during the day.
Private A. Rowlett, 2d Company, killed.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
399
Left Attack.
Carpenters.
21, Fourteen men employed in No. 15 battery, sheeting and splinter-proofing shell-rooms and magazines, and driving reserve magazine in rear of No. 14 battery.
1855.
July ZB, Wight.
8 F.M. to 2 A.M.
Wobkiso Pabty.
Line .... 296 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
In No. 16 battery a party of 40 men were employed in revetting the embrasures. All the embrasures were completed and cut out (leaving a neck of earth easily removed), with the exception of No. 1 and 2 embrasures, which require revetting more out. This party also repaired No. 3 embrasure, No. 10 battery, which had been damaged by a round shot. The two right gun portions were thickened.
In No. 14 batteiy all the embrasures were finished, cut out, and masked with old gabions, except No. 7 embrasure, which requires more work ; the party employed were 40 men ; 30 men were employed in the communication to the Cemetery, widening and deepening the trench, and building up wall for the miners ; 40 men were employed to the left of the place-of-arms d in the fourth parallel, and 20 men to the right of the place-of-arms d, widening the trench and improving the cover ; 20 men were employed in the centre communication j j 2 to the fifth parallel, repairing the damage caused by the enemy’s fire, and improving the cover.
Private J. Miller, 4tli Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, was killed by the splinter of a shell when superintending the latter party. One man killed and two badly wounded of the covering party. Nothing of importance occurred during the night.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and file.
Day showery. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 71°.
Right Attack.
Wobkiso Pabty.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty { Elphibstokb,
1. No. 14 battery, one Sapper and 14 men, repairing two embrasures, and revetting cheeks thereof, and rebuilding part of centre traverse. Should this rain continue all the embrasures will have to be attended to.
2. 21-gun battery, one Sapper and six men repairing and revetting one embrasure.
3. Surgeons’ new hut in Left advance, one Sapper and ten men, continuing excavation for the same ; the whole was deepened about one foot.
4. No. 19 battery, two Sappers and ten men completed the epaulment and cleared the terrepleiue of loose earth.
5. Traverse in right demi-parallel near No. 19 battery, One Sapper and ten men rebuilt the traverse, and nearly completed it ; more earth is still required to be thrown on top. This traverse fell down yesterday afternoon.
6. New 2-gun battery No 20, in Quarries, two Sappers and 40 men continued to heighten and thicken parapet from the front and rear. A good deal more earth is still required to render the parapet shot proof.
7. Fourth parallel, one Sapper and 20 men continued to heighten and thicken parapet of trench on the right, especially at the point where the trench k meets the fourth parallel; the earth was removed from the point, and thrown against our present trench.
8. Approach m to fifth parallel, five Sappers and 90 men continued to heighten and thicken parapet, and altered the direction of the extreme end to bear further away from the Malakoff Tower. Ten men were likewise employed in deepening its debouchure from the fourth parallel. A further use of sandbags would greatly facilitate the construction of this trench; the ground is very rocky, and there is but little earth in the neighbourhood.
9. Fifth parallel, seven Sappers and 200 men. All the loose earth which had been collected during the
1855.
July 25, Night.
8 P.M. tO 2 A.M.

400
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
i
I
1855.
July 26, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 p.m.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Line miners . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
45 men.
22 „
Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1st Relief.
No. 14 battery, joining traverse on right to the parapet, 10 men ; No. 8 battery, 20 men, thickening epaulment on right, and lowering terrepleine in rear of No. 1 gun ; continuing mine for drainage ; No. 13 battery, 15 men clearing away rock on left, and thickening parapet for sea-service mortar ; No. 16 battery, 30 men cutting passage round traverse on right, working at embrasures and merlons of Nos. 1 2 guns, completing shell-room on right ; 15 men
Right Attack.
previous day was thrown over the parapet where requisite; the trench was deepened in parts, and parapet heightened as much as possible so as to afford cover for a working party during the daytime. No men were placed beyond the end of the stonewall, as I thought it of more importance to improve our present trench than to extend it any distance beyond, without enabling men to work at the same during the daytime.
10. The enemy kept up rather a heavy fire of round shot and shell against the working parties along the fifth parallel, and the Right approach ra leading to it.
There were eight casualties among the men at work in these trenches.
Our mortars did not answer the fire as well as they might have done ; indeed no battery on the Right attack, excepting No. 17, even attempted to do so, until a request was sent to them to that effect.
11. The special working party proceeded to the trenches yesterday afternoon in their brown linen fatigue dress. I found this of great advantage. It enabled one to distinguish at a glance the working party from the guard of the trenches, and was of great assistance to the Sappers in looking after their men, and preventing them idling. If this dress was regularly adopted for the special working party in the trenches I feel convinced that more work would be done, especially at night.
Killed, 6 rank and file. Wounded, 11 rank and file.
Dav showery. WindN.E. Thermometer iu shade 71°. '
1855.
July 26, Day.
3 r.M. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Carpenters . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 300 men. 12d relief, 300 „ fist relief, 24 „ (.2drelief, 16 „
2d relief, 4 „ Lieut. Brine, R.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and the carpenters in forming magazine, No. 19 hatterv, and laying platforms in Nos. 14 and 4 batteries.
No. 4 battery, 10 men in each relief, repairing embrasures and parapet ; No. 19 battery, 40 men in the 1st and 20 in the 2d relief, forming epaulment, and excavating to lead to magazine ; doctors’ hut, 10 men in each relief, excavating, and forming passage.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
401
Left Attack.
making two traverses in right of third parallel ; 30 men improving cover in the trench in front of No. 7 battery ; 20 men improving cover in right demi-parallel; 10 men carrying timber for magazine in No. 15 battery.
2d Relief.
No. 15 battery, 30 men.
No. 8 battery, 10 men.
No. 13 battery, 30 men.
No. 16 battery, 50 men.
Traverse on right of third parallel, 30 men.
Trench in front of No. 7 battery, 30 men.
Right demi-parallel, 20 men.
These parties were employed as during 1st relief.
There was an extremely heavy fire opened on the Left attack at about 10 a.m., and continued till 2 p.m., when the guns ceased firing nearly, but the mortars (five) continued all day. A great deal of the fire was from the upper Garden batteries on the fourth parallel. There were 12 men wounded, and either one or two killed.
Corporal Pinch of the Royal Sappers and Miners was slightly wounded.
Right Attack.
2-gun battery No. 20, (Quarries) No. 17, 20 men in each relief forming terrepleine and parapet ; Quarries, deepening trench, 2d relief, 10 men ; making three latrines, one in No. 3 left boyau in fourth parallel, and one in fifth parallel.
Collecting tools, &c., 2d relief, 10 men ; repairing No. 1 magazine, blown in by the bursting of a 10-inch shell from the Redan in the forenoon ; it would be very advisable if a new magazine was constructed, as the present one, No. 1, was originally only a hut, and is totally unsuited for a magazine ; fourth parallel, and approach m to fifth parallel, 1st relief 90 men, 2d relief 80 men, deepening and widening trench and forming cover.
Fifth parallel, 1st relief 130 men, 2d relief 110 men, improving and deepening trench on the right, throwing more earth, and forming banquette.
No. 18 battery was this morning completely armed with seven 13-incli mortars, three of them being sea- service ones. As this battery is very long, and very , open in rear, more shelter, in my opinion, from the ! bursting of shells, will be required. I also think the same will be the case in No. 14 battery, in order to answer for the mortars and guns being properly served. No. 19 battery is ready for the armament of two mortars, and if convenient they ought to be 13-incli also.
In the afternoon I noticed troops being conveyed in boats from the northern side of Sebastopol to the south.
Before closing this report I should respectfully suggest that “lime” should be more regularly and constantly thrown about the latrines ; that some | communication should be established between the Quarries, say No. 16 battery, and that commonly called the 21-gun battery ; that the third parallel should be repaired, and that the trenches generally should be looked to or cleared up.
1855.
July 26, Night. 8 r.M. to 2 a.m.
Working Party.
Line .... 198 men.
&'uppers ... 23 „
Officer on duty Capt. Belson, R.E.
The central communication j j 2 to the front of the | fourth parallel was continued by placing four gabions opposite the old row, thus making a double sap. ] These gabions were filled, and earth (making a parapet of some thickness) thrown in front of them. 30 men were employed here. All the rest of the i
1855.
July 26, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Major Stanton, R.E.
Fifth parallel, 100 men and four Sappers ; fourth parallel, 100 men and six Sappers ; right communication m to fifth parallel, 120 men and three Sappers ; 2-gun portion, No. 17 battery, 50 men and two Sappers ; preparing embrasures in batteries Nos. 3 and 5, 30 men and five Sappers.
3 E

402
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
working party was employed in the fourth parallel, in the greater part of which a banquette was formed, and the trench deepened, and damage done by the enemy’s fire repaired. Two new traverses were also commenced, and a third enlarged.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 17 rank and file.
Day showery. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 71°.
Right Attack.
The working parties were'employed improving the cover on the right of the fifth parallel, making loopholes (with sandbags) to sweep the ravine, and a small return, about 20 feet in length, to defend the right of the parallel. In the fourth parallel they were employed repairing the revetment in several places, and clearing out the trench, also making good shot-holes, he. In the right communication m to fifth parallel they were employed raising and strengthening the parapet, and collecting the earth where possible. In the 2-gun portion of No. 17 battery, strengthening the parapet from the outside, and clearing away the interior of the battery ; and in batteries Nos. 3 and 5 renewing the revetment of the embrasures.
The work was in general very satisfactory, considering the very heavy fire of shells, grape, he. constantly sweeping over the trenches, and which caused us the following loss amongst the working parties, viz.—
One man killed and three men wounded, 47tli Regiment.
One Sapper, Private Drummond, 10th Company, wounded severely.
The fire of the enemy was more constant and severe than I have hitherto known it during the night.
I did not observe anything particular in the disposition of the enemy’s working parties, but it was reported to me that workmen could be heard on the right of the Redan near the edge of the rock. I could, however, neither hear nor see anything of this party myself.
The night was so excessively light that I could not examine the nature of the ground in front of the fifth parallel as carefully as I could have wished, but from the general appearance I believe we shall find fair soil, with the exception of the rocky portion, where it is proposed to break out of the fifth parallel.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 34 rank and fde.
Day showery. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 71°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
403
%
Left Attack.
1855.
July 27, Bay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M. 3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
63 men.
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
1st Relief.
Right demi-parallel, 10 men assisting miners building parapet and clearing trench ; 20 men and two Sappers widening trench and building banquettes ; No. 14 battery, one Sapper and 25 miners employed blasting round traverse; earth collected in embrasure of Nos. 1 and 2 guns ready for throwing forward at night ; clay collected at Nos. 3 and 4 embrasures left in heaps for throwing forward ; third parallel, quarrymen (two) employed deepening communication from second parallel; 20 men and two Sappers building revetment and traverses ; two Sappers and 15 men employed in fourth parallel widening the trench, revetting the parapet, and making good traverses.
One Sapper and 20 men making banquettes with old planks, fascines, &e.; first parallel, one Sapper and 15 men employed collecting stones ; No. 9 battery, one Sapper and 15 men repairing traverse and parapet, on right ; four Sappers mining under parapet at No. 8 battery, for drain ; length excavated at present 20 feet 6 inches ; one Sapper and 10 men carrying out materials to No. 15 battery.
2d Relief.
Two hundred men employed similarly to 1st relief, extra men employed at No. 16 battery, and at communication to third parallel.
A heavy fire was kept up to 3 p.m. On French Left a mine sprung at about 5.30 p.m. A good deal of artillery fire throughout the day on Nos. 9, 13, and 14 batteries.
Right Attack.
1855.
July 27, Bay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
8 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WOBXIXO PAKIT.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Carpenters S. miners . .
1st relief, 300 men. 2d relief, 400 „
13 men.
8 „
27
Officer on duty ( Ca ^ DE Moiet.vs,
1. Fifth parallel, 60 men in each relief improving cover, collecting earth to be thrown over wall during the night. About 50 yards of the wall as far as the Quarry q have been covered with earth. There remains about 100 yards to the edge of the small ravine to be now done.
2. Right approach m to fifth parallel, improving cover, 1st relief, 60 men and nine miners, 2d relief, 60 men.
3. Fourth parallel, 1st relief, 40 men and 10 miners, 2d relief, 40 men, deepening, widening, and improving cover on right.
4. Two-gun portion, No. 20 battery, on right of No. 17 battery, forming parapet, 25 men, 1st relief, and 20 men, 2d relief.
5. Building latrines in fifth parallel, 20 men in each relief.
6. Excavating for doctors’ hut, 15 men, 1st relief, and 20 men in 2d relief.
7. Quarries, improving cover in places, 10 men in each relief.
8. Magazine in No. 19 battery, covering with earth, 10 men in each relief.
9. Right demi-parallel, 10 men in each relief, rebuilding traverse.
10. Repairing trenches generally, 20 men, 1st relief, and 30 men, 2d relief.
11. Removing tool depot from left demi-parallel to near Quarries, 20 men 1st relief, and 30 men 2d relief.
12. Repairing embrasure, No. 5 battery, 10 men in each relief.
13. Right approach k to fourth parallel, blasting and removing rock, eight miners.
14. No. 14 battery, rebuilding traverse, 2d relief, 20 men.
15. Right approach to third parallel, 2d relief, 70 men, deepening trench and repairing parapet; the Sappers were employed superintending ; the carpenters were employed relaying in No. 17 the platform of No. 2 gun. From the extreme left of the fifth parallel, a three-gun battery (which apparently has been lately thrown up by the enemy) can be
3 e 2

404
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Rigitt Attack.
seen on the slope of the hill under the Garden batteries. It is about half way between these batteries and the suburb, at the foot of the slope, and immediately to our right of the traversed trench leading down this slope. From its position, which nearly enfilades our Quarries, it is likely to be very annoying to our troops in the neighbourhood.
This battery may have been in existence for some time, but I have not remarked it myself previous to this morning.
There is one gun blinded at the top of the traversed trench, which has constantly fired in the same direction.
The working parties arrived at the proper hours, and worked well. They were scarcely annoyed at all by the enemy.
1855.
July 27, Wight.
7 r.M. to A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 199 men.
Mappers ... 2fl „
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, U.A.
1. Fifty men employed to widen and improve cover in zigzags from the third to the fourth parallel.
2. Thirty men in No. 16 battery throwing forward earth on parapet, clearing out embrasures, and revetting Nos. 3 and 6 embrasures.
3. Ten men employed in proposed gun battery on right of right demi-parallel, to thicken epnulment on the right.
4. Nine men repairing bridge across communication k to Nos. 14 and 1.5 batteries.
5. Twenty men repairing damage done by the enemy during the day in ceutre communication j j 2 to the fifth parallel.
6. Twenty men employed at traverses on right of the third place-of-arms d in fourth parallel.
7. Thirty men improving cover and widening on right of the third place-of-arms, fourth parallel.
8. Twenty men employed on the left of the fourth parallel, making traverse across the trench, and a circular passage round it in front, and revetted with gabions.
9. Ten men repairing loopholes at second place- of-arms e 2 in fourth parallel.
Three men wounded.
The enemy kept up a fire of grape and shell during the night on the Cemetery and fourth parallel, and
1855.
July 27, Wigrbt.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Line . . Sappers .
Officer on
Working Party. . . 400 men.
. . 24 „
duty
Lieut-. Anderson, 96th Rcgt., Assis* Eng\
1. Two hundred men employed in fifth parallel, thickening parapet, and getting good cover.
2. One hundred and twenty men employed in communication m from fourth to fifth parallel, thickening parapets, filling gabions, and making a lock traverse ; the traverse a quarter completed.
3. Forty men employed in new Quarry battery-, No. 20, heaping up earth on crest of parapet.
4. Eighteen men employed in 21-gun battery, altering embrasure No. 13 gun, repairing embrasure No. 15 gun, and also magazine.
5. Twenty-two men in No. 19 battery, repairing traverse, and in No. 14 battery embrasures and merlons.
6. Three brigades of Sappers employed in general superintendence.
N.B.—The enemy kept up a heavy fire from 10 p.jr. to 3 a.m., so much so that I could hardly keep the men at work. During the above-mentioned space of time two Sappers and about 25 men were placed hors de combat. Private F. Collins, 2d Company, slightly wounded ; Private R. Stewart, 2d Company, slightly wounded.
A deserter came over from the Russians at dawn of day.
Killed, 1 officer, 5 rank and file. Wounded, SO rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 78°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 40.)
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
sent a number of shells in the direction of No. 13 battery, as well as on the Right attack.
The enemy had working parties out close to the Picquet-house in Woronzoff Road and down by the Creek.
The Garden and Creek batteries were the principal batteries that annoyed the Left.
Wounded, 10 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 78°.
1855.
July 28, Bay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . .
Officer on duty
300 men.
17 „
f Lieut. Jones, 46th (. Reg-, Ass 1 Eng r .
No. 17 battery, one Sapper and 30 men employed in blasting and clearing the ground; 20 men assisting the carpenters in No. 17 battery from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m.; one Sapper and 20 men in the fourth parallel, deepening and improving it, and making banquette ; No. 16 battery, one Sapper and ten men, cutting a passage round traverse on right ; one Sapper and 20 men engaged carrying earth into embrasures Nos. 1, 2, and 7, ready to be thrown over at night ; No. 14 battery, one Sapper and ten men engaged in clearing space behind No. 9 gun ; one Sapper and 15 men employed in deepening and improving cover in communication from second to third parallels ; third parallel, one Sapper and 25 men building traverse and banquette on right of No. 15 battery.
2d Relief.
Twenty-four men in second parallel, repairing the parapet ; two Sappers and 30 men in No. 16 battery, cutting passage and building traverse ; 30 men draining communication between second and third parallels, improving cover; 30 men draining No. 17 battery and right demi-parallel ; 26 men draining fourth parallel.
: Working Pabty.
July 28, Night. j .Line .... 200 men.
7 P.M. to 2 a.m. | tappers ... 28 „
| Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, K.E.
Ten men making a traverse in the communication to the left of the fourth parallel ; ten men draining the communication to the left of the fourth parallel ; 20 men continuing the centre communication to fifth parallel ; 20 men making traverses in the fourth parallel, close to the centre place-of-ams d ; 50 men making banquette and improving cover on right of
1855.
July 28, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 P.M.
5 P.M. tO 7 .PM.
Two brigades of Sappers employed in general superintendence of working parties.
Twenty-four men deepening the communication to Quarries ; six men sinking three barrels in the fourth parallel, for soldiers’ drinking-water ; 20 men forming magazine for 2-gun battery, No. 20, in the Quarries ; 100 men, in fourth parallel, repairing damage done to the parapet by the previous night’s firing of the enemy; 100 men sinking and draining the Right approach from the 21-gun battery ; 60 men in 21-gun battery, repairing the damage done to two traverses and magazine, &c. ; ten men sinking a hole for a surgeons’ hut near the Quarries; 30 men distributed, cutting drains out of the trenches where necessary, in various parts.
The heaviness of the rain delayed the progress of the work in the morning.
Nothing to report occurred during the period of my being in the trenches.
Working Party.
Line .... 350 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer on duty Capt. SEDLEY, R.E.
July ZS, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty { M^or Campbeix, 46th
Fifth parallel, 150 men ; Right approach m to fifth parallel, 100 men ; lock traverse in Right approach to fifth parallel, 20 men ; magazine of No. 17 battery, ten men ; doctors’ hut, ten men ; draining Left approach to Quarries, 20 men.
Major Campbell, Assistant Engineer, received a contusion on the fleshy part of the back.

406
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
fourth parallel; 50 men improving communication from third to the fourth parallel on the right ; 30 men making a new communication g f 3 to the right demi-parnllel.
Killed, 1 rank and flic. Wounded, 4 rank and flic.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 84°.
X85S.
July 2 . 9 , 3>ay.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . j S. miners . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 194 „
1st relief, 41 „
2d relief, 9 „
1st relief, 18 „ Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
1st relief.
No. 9 battery, 16 men employed in repairing traverses and parapet; six men employed with the carpenters in placing planks so as to throw the water off the entrance of the magazine ; 50 men in right demi-parallel, improving cover and widening trench ; 40 men in No. 16 battery, collecting the earth in heaps, to be thrown up at night, building up traverse, &c. ; 30 men in the fourth parallel, throwing over the stuff excavated by miners, making up the banquettes and traverses.
2d Belief.
40 men were in No. 16 battery, employed as in the 1st relief; 40 men employed in the right of second parallel, improving the cover ; 10 men in No. 9 battery, finishing the repairs of the morning ; 40 men in the right demi-parallel, employed as in 1st relief; 40 men in the Right approach to the third parallel,
Right Attack.
Magazine of No. 9 battery, ten men ; repairing parapet of approach to Quarries, 10 men.
Private A. Sparks, 9th Company, slightly wounded.
Carrying stores, 30 men ; three brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
The wall in the fifth parallel was completely backed up with earth ; all the gabions in the approach to the fifth parallel were well backed with earth, but the soil prevented any trench being sunk.
The enemy fired very heavily all night, principally volleys of shells, grape, and grenades, from the left flanking battery of the Redan.
Major Campbell was obliged to leave at about 1 o’clock, having been slightly wounded in the right side. Up to that hour there had been eight casualties amongst the working parties.
The morning working party was warned, and the detail left with Sergeant Morant, Royal Sappers and Miners.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 84°.
1855.
July 2 . 9 , Wight.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line , . Sappers .
Working Party.
Cist relief, 300 men.
• • U
{ 2d relief, 300 16 men.
Officer on duly { Li « u & Elphixstose,
1. New magazine, No. 9 battery, 10 men in each relief continuing excavation of passage and body ; nearly completed.
2. Right approach to third parallel, cutting drains and clearing trenches of water, 1st relief 25 men, 2d relief 30 men.
3. Fifth parallel, thickening parapet and deepening trench, and improving cover generally where injured by shot, 1st relief 100 men, 2d relief 60 men.
4. Approach o to Quarries from Egerton’s rifle-pit e, clearing off water and cutting drains, and continuing the construction of the latrine, 1st relief 10 men, 2d relief 50 men.
5. No. 20 battery, levelling the terrepleine, and continuing the excavation for magazine, 1st relief 30 men, 2d relief 20 men.
6. Doctors’ hut, 10 men in each relief continuing and completing the excavation.
7. Left approaches, 10 men in each relief cutting drains and clearing trenches.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
407
Left Attack.
making good the cover and banquettes ; 20 men in the fourth parallel, making up the traverses and banquettes.
About 4 A. si. the French fired tsvo mines to their right of the Bastion du Mat, and in advance of their rifle-pits.
Private R. Sharp, 8th Company, severely wounded.
1855.
July 29, Night.
81 '.M. to 2 A.u.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Fourth parallel, two Sappers and 20 men, traverse on the left lengthened one gabion, and an upper course added ; parapet thickened round place-of-arms d ; centre communication to fifth parallel, six Sappers and 20 men continuing communication j j 2 to the front by double sap, earth brought in baskets from the real - , gabions placed and filled.
Right of fourth parallel, two Sappers and 20 men, two traverses raised, and extended to the rear on level ground, and revetted with stone ; right communication to fourth parallel, three Sappers and 60 men, thickening parapet and deepening trench ; communication g f* from second parallel to right demi-parallel, two Sappers and 50 men continued trench to place-of- arms s 3 .
Cut through parapet of No. 8 battery, length inside 24 feet, slope 1 in 30.
A good deal of grape, canister, shot and shell throughout the night.
Right Attack.
8. General’s hut, deepening the trench adjoining, and cutting a drain in front, 1st relief 10 men.
9. Fourth parallel, continuing to thicken parapet in several places, repairing shot holes, &c., 1st relief 20 men, and 2d relief 30 men.
10. Approach m to fifth parallel, continuing to
deepen, and constructing a traverse at its junction with the fourth parallel, 1st relief 60 men, 2d relief 50 men. '
11. Left approach n to No. 19 battery, cutting drains and cesspools, and clearing off water, 1st relief 15 men, 2d relief 30 men.
12. The Sappers were distributed to assist and superintend equally between the above parties of the Line ; three Sappers were posted as sentries over the tools at the different depots.
13. Some confusion and loss of time was caused by a working party who had been ordered by me to work in the fifth parallel being withdrawn by the directions of the field officer on duty, and sent to the rear, and their places occupied by a detachment of another regiment who previously had been at work in the rear trench.
I perceived no particular movement on the part of the enemy.
1855.
July 29, Night.
10 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Brine, R.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence ; draining No. 10 battery, much required, 10 men ; cutting drain at end of trench leading from No. 9 battery, 20 men ; excavating for magazine, No. 9 battery, 10 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 10 inches, 14 men; carrying stores from No. 1 battery to doctors’ hut, and No. 7 mortar battery, 30 men.
Carrying stores from No. 19 battery to right communication k to fourth parallel, 46 men ; forming drain in approach to Quarries, much required, 30 men ; making latrine in do., 10 men; carrying stores from rear of Quarries to front, 32 men; forming traverse in Quarries, to prevent the latter from being fired into by new Russian 3-gun battery, and making parapet, No. 20 battery, 30 men.
Excavating for magazine, No. 20 battery, 14 men ; forming cess-pit to carry off water, in rear of fourth parallel, 10 men ; rebuilding stone wall, fifth parallel, and carrying earth, 10 men ; forming traverse at

408
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
The enemy were at work making a trench on the spur of the hill below the Barrack Battery, but when the moon shone out clearly the party retired.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 9 rank and file.
Day cloudy. Showers during the day. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 82°.
Right Attack.
commencement of approach m from fourth to fifth parallel, 10 men; forming cover in approach m from fourth to fifth parallel, 104 men.
During the night there were Russian working parties to the right of the Redan as you look at it.
It is also evident that the encampment on the north side of Sebastopol is on the increase, and I think that the garrison of Sebastopol is being relieved.
Shell firing from the Redan on the Quarries was very heavy from about 2 a.m. to 4 a.m.
Killed, 2 rank and flic. Wounded, 42 rank and file.
Day cloudy. Showers during the day. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 82°.
185S. | Working Party.
July 30, Day. Line ....
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 F.M. tO 7 P.M. 1
1st Relief.
No. 14 battery, thickening parapet, and forming a traverse on the right of No. 1 gun ; converting a portion of the right demi-parallel into a gun battery, No. 17 ; No. 14 battery, cutting drain for magazine ; No. 15 battery, cutting passage round traverse on extreme right.
No. 13 battery, excavating in rock, to widen the interior space, and repairing revetment with the stone quarried out. No. 8 battery, mining under parapet for drain ; fourth parallel, assisting miners to widen trench, and build up revetment, banquettes, and traverses ; fifth parallel, miners employed in extreme right, deepening trench, building revetment and traverses.
1st relief, 150 men. 2d relief. 150 „
2d Relief.
Parties employed (lie same as this morning at— No. 14 battery.
No. 13 battery.
No. 17 battery.
No. 8 battery.
No. 15 battery.
In the fourth parallel, a party was employed collecting stones through the batteries, and parties in
1855.
July 30, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
D r.M. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . , Carpenters Officer on duty £
1st relief, 400 men.
2d relief, 300 „
16 men.
8 „
Lieut. Anderson, 96th Regt., Ass 1 . Kng r .
A special party were sent to the trenches (400 men) by mistake. They were employed in clearing the trenches from the mud which had accumulated from the heavy showers of rain.
1st Relief.
1. Thirty men improving drain, Right approach to second parallel, and repairing shot holes.
2. Twenty men constructing drain near No. 9 battery.
3. Fourteen men excavating for magazine, No. 9 battery.
4. Thirty men improving drains from third parallel to No. 19 battery.
5. Approach m from fourth to fifth parallel and traverse, 106 men.
6. Ten men making drain in communication o to Quarries.
7. Making latrine, 10 men.
8. Excavating magazine for No. 20 battery, 14 men.
9. Cesspool in rear of fourth parallel, 10 men.
10. Epaulment, No. 20 battery, 40 men.
11. Carrying stores from rear of Quarries, 26 men.
12. Traverse left of Quarries, 30 men.
13. Improving cover in fifth parallel, 50 men.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
409
the second and third parallels, deepening trench and improving cover.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
2d Relief.
1. Repairing magazine, No. 10 battery, 10 men.
2. Levelling doctors’ hut, so as to receive frames, 10 men.
3. Carrying empty powder barrels from all the mortar batteries, and storing them at the tool depot, in the Quarries, 20 men.
4. Right approach from 21-gun battery, completing the levelling of the trench, and improving cover ; cutting small trench on reverse side, to carry off water, and filling up shot holes; deepening trench, to hide it from Malakoff; improving drain, and carrying into trench, to drain it; deepening drain, and extending it outside parapet ; continuing making trench; 100 men.
5. Continuing excavation of No. 9 battery magazine, 10 men.
6. Continuing drain, to drain the Right approach just past the turn up to the second parallel, 10 men.
7. Removing gabions from trench in front of No. 9 battery, and storing them in rear of No. 18 battery, 40 men.
8. Making drain and cesspool to magazine, No. 19 battery, 10 men.
9. Repairing traverse in No. 18 battery, 20 men.
10. Continuing drain and cesspool in communication from wall to No. 19 battery, also fourth parallel near Quarries, 20 men.
11. Magazine and epaulment, No. 20 battery, 30 men.
12. Drain in Left approach to Quarries, 10 men.
13. Making latrine, 10 men.
Two brigades of Sappers were placed to superintend the work.
Two brigades of carpenters were employed in placing platforms and frames for doctors’ hut and No. 7 mortar battery.
N.B.—The guard of the trenches are in the habit of constantly keeping their heads above the parapets when a mortar is fired off, consequently drawing the enemy’s artillery fire on the third parallel, by which a great deal of mischief is done to the parapets.
1855.
July 30, Night.
7 F.M. to 2 A.JI.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, R.A.
Working Pasty.
"Working Party.
Line .... !
Sappers . . .
Officer on duty £
200 men.
21 „
Capt. De MoiEYNS, . lt.E.
1855.
July 30, Ni^ht. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
1. Thirty men employed in No-16 battery, throwing The Sappers were employed in general superinearth collected in embrasures and at foot of parapet tendence.
3 F

410
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
forward to thicken it, and finishing off superior slope, and working at the traverse on the right.
2. Thirty men employed in No. 14 battery, throwing earth collected on right and left embrasures on the parapet.
3. Twenty men employed at the centre communication j j 2 to the fifth parallel, continuing double sap, and thickening cover of circular place on right j 1 .
4. Fifteen men employed on the left of the 3d place- of-arms d in the fourth parallel, making loop-holes, and thickening cover, and repairing third place-of- arms d.
5. Ten men employed on the right of the third place-of-arms d, filling in drain first with large stones and then with earth.
6. Ten men employed at the two traverses on right of the third place-of-arms d, to lengthen the left one, and raise the second to height of parapet.
7. Fifteen men commencing new cut s s 1 ; very good cover obtained.
8. Thirty men raising parapet from h to q, and revetting 20 feet from h towards q, leaving a banquette.
9. Twenty men employed in fourth parallel, making two traverses, the first 84 yards from x, and the second 78 yards from the first.
10. Ten men employed on the left of the fourth parallel e 2 , building rock traverse at d.
11. Ten men employed cutting passage through second parallel to new communication g f 3 to right demi-parallel.
There was a working party on the enemy’s left of the Creek Battery, also one to their right of it. One man wounded.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and file.
Day fine. Showers in forenoon. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
1855.
July 31, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
8 r.M. to 7 P.M.
WoEKINO PaETY.
Line .... 192 men.
tappers ... 11 „
Officer on duty Lt. Jones, 46tli Rcgt.
1st Relief.
Owing to the rain in the morning, nothing could be done, so there were only 30 men carrying platforms to No. 4 battery ; 10 men making a drain in No. 14 battery.
2d Relief.
No. 4 battery, one Sapper and 30 men removing the good gabions and sandbags from embrasures
1. Quarries, carrying stone, and building up traverse on left, 20 men.
2. Right communication m to fifth parallel, building traverse near fourth parallel, 30 men.
3. No. 20 battery, forming epaulment, parapet, &c., 30 men.
4. No. 20 battery, forming magazine, 10 men.
5. Fourth parallel, forming banquette, 50 men.
6. Fixing five Russian loop-holes in fifth parallel, 10 men.
7. No. 14 battery, repairing embrasure, 10 men.
8. Fifth parallel, repairing shot-holes, 20 men.
The working parties came in good time, and
worked well. The enemy fired a great deal during the night, but there were only three casualties.
The new Russian 3-gun battery which I reported on the 27th was firing all yesterday afternoon and also during the night ; it did not, however, do any damage beyond knocking out a few gabions in the trenches.
I am, however, afraid that it will prove very troublesome.
The enemy appear to have run out a small trench or cut down the hill to the proper right of the salient of the Malakoff for about 20 yards, and thence round the salient outside the abattis.
I should imagine it to be for the purpose of obtaining a musketry fire on the French sap.
It is difficult to say what the cut is intended for. If for musketry, a very bold step, so near the trench, and seen into from the English trenches.
II. D. J.
Killed, 4 rank aud file. Wounded, 27 rank and file.
Day very fine. Showers in forenoon. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
1855.
July 31, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WOBKING PABTY.
T . ( 1st relief, 300 men.
Line .... £ 2d relief, 300 „
Sappers . . . 16 men.
Officer on duty Major Stanton, R.E.
Right approaches, generally draining, and making good defects, 100 men.
No. 10 mortar battery, repairing magazine, 10 men. No. 9 battery, excavating for a new magazine, 10 men.
No. 14 battery, repairing a traverse, 10 men.
No. 18 battery, repairing a traverse, 10 men.
No. 19 battery, completing the magazine, 10 men.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
411
Left Attack.
Nos. 4, 5, and 8, and filling up the embrasure openings with earth and stones ; No. 16 battery, two Sappers and 25 men collecting earth at foot of parapet and in embrasures, ready to be thrown over at night ; part of these men were cutting passage round traverse on right.
Three Sappers and 60 men deepening the trench and improving the cover in second parallel, between right of No. 16 battery and communication to third parallel ; No. 17 battery, two Sappers and 15 men revetting No. 2 embrasure and traverse, and clearing terrepleine.
One Sapper and six men excavating round traverse on right of No. 15 battery.
One Sapper and six men continuing to make drain in No. 14 battery ; one Sapper and 10 men revetting traverse between Nos. 4 and 5 guns in No. 10 battery.
Right Attack.
Left approaches, draining and making good defects, 50 men.
Fourth parallel, making up the banquettes, 40 men ; fourth parallel, draining, 10 men.
No. 20 battery, making up epaulment, 20 men.
No. 20 battery, making magazine, 10 men.
Continuing excavation, &c. for surgeons’ hut, 10 men ; collecting powder barrels to be used in revetments, 10 men.
Two brigades of Sappers superintending the above works.
The detail for the afternoon was the same as for the morning, with the exception of a party of 10 men employed at No. 1 magazine in the Caves, instead of in No. 10 mortar battery.
No movement of troops in the town or neighbourhood was observed during the day, nor were there any large working parties visible in any part of the enemy’s lines.
The only thing worthy of note that occurred was the arrival of a steamer at the quay near Fort Paul at about 3 p.m.
1855.
July 31, Nlffht.
7 r.M. to 2 A.M.
WOBKING PaKTY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 26 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, E.E.
Fifty men in new communication g ra from the right of second parallel to the battery No. 17 in right demi-parnllel; 50 men in new communication from second parallel (between Nos. 9 and 12 batteries) to No. 11 battery ; 10 men making a traverse in the communication to the left of the fourth parallel ; six men making cutting for drain in left of fourth parallel; 20 men continuing centre communication to fifth parallel ; six men repairing traverse in centre of fourth parallel ; 15 men altering communication from right of third to fourth parallel ; 20 men improving the same ; 10 men making drain to carry off the water from mine in No. 8 battery ; 10 men continuing traverse on the right of No. 14 battery.
Wounded, 9 rank and file.
Day showery. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 78°.
1855.
July 31, Hlglit.
8 P.M. tO 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Capt. Sedlet, R.E.
Three brigades of Sappers in general superinten- tendence of the several working parties ; and the men of the Line worked at the following places :—
Twenty men repairing embrasures of the two 10- inch guns on left of 8-gun No. 9 battery, altering splay of the right cheeks, &e. to the right; 10 men altering the embrasures of the second gun from the right, to enable it to fire over the Malakoff; 10 men in- magazine at the right of 8-gun battery, excavating, &c ; 10 men repairing the side of magazine on the left of 8-gun No. 9 battery ; 75 men deepening and forming drains in the Right approaches from 21 -gun battery; 75 men doing the same to the Left approaches from the 21-gun battery ; 60 men at battery No. 20, forming a traverse epaulment, levelling the bottom of battery, and some employed at the magazine for this battery, cutting the excavation, &c. ; 40 men forming a traverse in the Quarries ; 100 men in the fifth parallel, employed in making banquettes, thicken-
3 f 2

412
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
ing parapet, and in placing 16 wooden loopholes for musketry in parapets.
The work was satisfactorily performed.
Killed, 3 rank and fde. Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day showery. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 78°.
Retorts from Look-out Station.
1855.
July 23 . Carts covered with tarpaulin came down to Fort Catherine.
The lower story windows of the large white building seem half built up, as if for musketry.
The French fired rockets at the hut village, and reached it.
Nothing to be seen this morning of the result of the heavy fire last night.
One embrasure in the salient of the MalakofF is re-opened with a great depression, so as to fire on French works.
Large convoys of carts assembled on the north side, 400 or 500 at least, supposed to have sacks, but too hazy to make out; all bullock carts.
Large working parties this morning at the Cemeteries.
The 6-gun battery in front of large white Dockyard building is being raised with square stones.
July 24 . The 6-guu battery in front of the white building seems to be complete in its revetting.
During the whole day carts and small carriages passed towards the town. 526 came by the north road, 222 of which with gabions ; 536 passed out, 57 of them only by the lower road.
About 2 p.m. great dust and smoke arose from the houses in rear of the Barrack batteries ; appeared like a small fire.
July 25. I must call your attention to the diminished supply of water from the springs at the head
of the Woronzoff Ravine. The orders for the divisions using them are now, to allow no animals laden with water except for hospital use ; and General Bosquet was requested also to check the number of French waggons, with four and five barrels, which are constant in their demand upon it. Major Morris, however, mentions that these are limited for hospital use ; but they are very numerous and very constant.
July 26 . The 6-gun battery in front of the white buildings seems to be complete in its revetting.
Crossing and re-crossing of boats during the morning of yesterday ; taking men to the north side.
Three large burial parties, about 100 each, were assembled with dead at the burial ground. The haystacks are increased in number.
Large working parties engaged at the 6-gun battery in front of Dockyard buildings.
438 carts passed inwards, 138 of which with gabions, 57 with sacks ; about 255 passed out.
About 6 r.M. a large body of men paraded near the north fort, and remained on parade a considerable time ; longer than usual.
The abattis in front of the MalakofF appears thickened.
In the MalakofF a square sort of cavalier, apparently made from the stones of the remains of the Tower, now scarcely visible in front. From Cathcart’s Hill there will probably have been reported eight columns of infantry on the plateau of the Mackenzie Farm, about 5 p.m. ; they moved first towards our right, as we looked at

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
413
them, then directly from us, probably to a camp under the brow and above the river. There were mounted people about, and especially an escort of cavalry, at dusk, came away.
The columns did not seem large deep columns, probably single battalions, and it had the appearance of a parade or manoeuvring of troops, more than arrival.
xass.
July 27. Three hundred and twenty-three waggons or carts came to the north side. Of these 150 were laden with large timbers, and subsequently 40 with large timbers, and 120 with gabions. 109 went away, 8 of which covered white, like ambulances ; the remainder empty. One barge from the south to the north side with barrels like powder. Some of the timber brought in consisted of whole trees.
The corn stacks about the same. The haystacks considerably increased in one part, and one stack entirely removed in another part. Some kind of earthwork is raised on the counterscarp side of the ditch of the Malakoff, either to form a place for a lower tier of guns or for a covered way.
Much work is being done at the white Barrack building, the alternate windows closed up, and nearly all propped up with timber inside, possibly to make it bomb proof. A shell was thrown from the rear of the Malakoff over the camp yesterday.
July 28. The roof of a large building in rear of the white Dockyard buildings has been taken
off, the ditch of the Malakoff has been widened, and a square-looking parapet in the centre increased.
Three hundred and twenty-three carts passed in, of which 127 with gabions, 10 with timber, 18 with sacks. 239 passed out, 15 of which by the lower road.
July 29. Work is being done by the Russians at the 12-gun battery on the north side, and much work also at the 6-gun battery in part of Dockyard buildings ; it has now a ditch round it, made partly by blasting. Planks were across the ditch in three places, and I saw a man walk nine or ten steps upon one of them in crossing. A large building in the Dockyard has had the entire roof taken off. The Cemeteries are very large, and the camp beyond Inkermnn increasing, with mud huts, wooden huts, and tents. A small trench has been made from the Malakoff straight towards the trench, earth being thrown up on both sides.
There came to the north side yesterday 18 carts, some with covers, 40 apparently empty ; 199 with gabions, and 84 heavily laden. About 123 went away empty.
July 30. A working party at the 12-gun battery all day on the north side. In the afternoon a heavy
fire was kept up from the Redan and Malakoff upon the Mamelon. Five rockets were fired from one of the French camps. 263 carts came towards the town ; 138 of them with gabions ; 282 passed out by the upper road.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
July 23. Par. No. 2. As the working parties are from this date to be furnished specially for engineer services, officers are not to apply for the assistance of the guard of the trenches, except in most urgent cases.
Par. No. 3. The number of gabions in store being very much reduced, the directors of the two attacks are requested to observe the strictest economy in their use, and whenever it can be done without lowering the cover too much, to remove those that are no longer required in the communications, &c. to the front, instead of drawing from the parks.
Par. No. 4. The Turkish Government having awarded a certain number of medals to the officers of Royal Engineers and the Royal Sappers and Miners who were engaged in the campaign of 1854 on the Danube, the Major-General Commanding lias much pleasure in publishing the following extract from a letter addressed by His Highness Omar Pacha to Lieut.-Colonel Simmons, Her Majesty’s Commissioner with the Turkish forces :—

414
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
“ I beg you will distribute these medals amongst the officers and men according to the accompanying list, as a mark of the great satisfaction my sovereign has always experienced from the manner in which they have conducted themselves while sharing the dangers and fatigues of the campaign of 1854 against our common enemy.”
1855 .
July 24. Par. No. 4. The attention of the directors of the two attacks is requested to Para. 7 of Brigade Orders No. 1, dated 27tli April last, which is to be carried out in the construction of all batteries.
July 26. The Major-General Commanding having received a special report of the conduct of Corporal
John Ross, 2d Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, while employed in the trenches of the Right attack on the night of the 21st instant, has had much gratification in bringing the name of this non-commissioned officer under the notice of the Lieut.-Genernl Commanding-in-Chief, who has been pleased to award him a donation of two sovereigns.
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 23d July 1855.
The fire of artillery should be directed against the interior of the Redan and the works on each flank of it, but more especially on its left flank and the works running along the edge of the ravine.
Shells should be thrown into the docks in rear of Fort St. Paul when boats are seen entering that part with cargoes, of whatever description they may have on board ; or shells thrown into the town, will always do good service.
A smart fire should be poured into the large Barracks, in order to render them unavailable for any military purpose or use.
Carts or waggons moving up to Malakoff should also be disturbed by a shot or two being fired at them.
The enemy should not be allowed to draw water from the well in front of Dockyard wall.
Batteries in the Bastion du Mat or Garden batteries which may have thrown shells into the Quarries should have a fire of shells directed upon them.
The officer of artillery in charge of the Right attack should occasionally go up to the Mamelon, and reconnoitre the enemy’s works, more particularly the Redan ; the morning is the best time.
(Signed) II. D. Jones,
Major-General, Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters, 24th July 1855.
Right Attack.
Until further orders, the guard of the trenches by night will be 2,400 men, under a general of the day, with three field officers.
Of this number, 600 men will work, if required by the Royal Engineers, from 4 to 8 A.M., and return to their camp at 8 a.m., if it should seem prudent to the senior officer in the trenches to dispense with them.
The remainder of the guard will furnish working parties, as usual, during the day, when required by the Royal Engineers.
It is at the discretion of the general officer to return to camp at any hour after daylight, but the three field officers must remain constantly in the trenches. There will be a special working party of 400 men unler a field officer, independently of the guard of the trenches, except in case of an attack, when they will be available to be called upon by the officer commanding in the trenches. They will return to their camp at daybreak.
A memorandum will be sent daily at 2 p.m. by the engineer officer to acquaint the assistant adjutant-general of the division furnishing the duties of the hour and place the special working party will be required to attend.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
415
Left Attack.
Until further orders, the guard of the trenches by night will be 1,400 men.
There will be a special working party, consisting of 200 men, under a field officer, independent of the guard of the trenches, except in case of an attack, when they will be available to be called upon by the officer commanding in the trenches. They will return to their camp at daybreak.
A memorandum will be sent daily at 2 p.m. by the engineer officer, to acquaint the assistant adjutant- general of the division furnishing the duties of the hour and place the special working party will be required
to attend.
General officers of divisions furnishing the guards of the trenches are to consider the remainder of
their divisions as a support ready to reinforce the guard, with which they will proceed, in case of an alarm, and assume the command of the whole force in the trenches.
By Order,
(Signed) W. L. Pakenham,
Lieut.-Colonel, A.A.G.
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters, 30th July 1855.
It is understood from a deserter that water is beginning to be scarce in Sebastopol ; it is therefore desirable to stop the supply of that necessary of life as much as possible. There is a well from which the
Russian soldiers may be seen drawing water nearly all day long ; it is situated on the low piece of ground between the loft flank of the Redan and the road leading up to Malakoff along the Dockyard wall ; it is therefore desirable that a gun should be kept constantly directed upon the well, to fire on any parties of the enemy who may be seen resorting to it for water.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Memorandum.
Adjutant General’s Office, 31st July 1855.
Lieutenant-generals commanding divisions are requested to call the serious attention of the generals on duty in the trenches to the indiscreet and indiscriminate use they make of the power given them “ to order the batteries to open.”
It was never intended that for mere annoyances to working parties batteries were to be opened and a constant fire kept up, but only in the event of attack or sortie, to arm them with the power of repulse.
The Lieutenant-General Commanding-in-Chief regrets to notice that this abuse has led to serious inconvenience to the siege, in the waste and consequent want of shell in our batteries, and he requests that immediate attention may be paid to this.
By Order,
(Signed) II. W. Barnard.
Major-General Sir H. D. Jones, K.C.B., Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Major-General,
Chief of the Staff.

416
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
Left Attack.
The casualties have been very considerable.
The memorandum in regard to the fire of the artillery was approved by the Commander of the Forces, and circulated accordingly. In consequence of the great number of 32-pounders with ammunition in the artillery parks, it was suggested that they might be very usefully employed in throwing shot into the town, by sinking holes in the ground and placing the gun at an angle of 30° elevation. The suggestion was acted upon ; thus a considerable body of auxiliary fire was thrown into the town, no doubt much to the annoyance of the garrison.
An attempt was made by a man of the Naval Brigade to destroy one of the enemy’s line-of- battle ships, by going in a boat at night, and fixing a charge of powder to the bottom of the vessel; but in consequence of the numerous boats and small craft crossing the harbour he was not able to approach the vessel without almost the certainty of being discovered; he therefore very prudently returned.
The Russian deserters who have come in state that the troops were only receiving half ration of bread, and great sickness among them. One man, who had been for some months stationed in the Malakoff, stated that the garrison were very busy running galleries under the glacis, and that bomb-proof cover has been formed. Water in the town, he says, is beginning to be scarce.
The late heavy rains have cooled the air, which had previously been very oppressive. In many places the trenches have been knee-deep in water.
Two officers of the engineers taken ill with fever.
On the 30tli the Commanding Royal Engineer prepared a Memorandum addressed to the Commander of the Forces upon the state of the siege operations. The following is a copy:—
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 30th July 185o.
The attention of the Commander of the Forces is requested to the state of the siege operations, in order that the progress or construction of any new works in the English attacks may be regulated accordingly.
At the present moment, on the English Right attack, the case stands thus :—No advance can be made on the glacis of the Redan so long as the enemy can bring such a heavy fire of artillery upon the capital of that work. The Russian trenches have been converted to our use, after great labour and a great many casualties.
Our works and posts are in communication with the French on our Right, thus completing the close investment of the enemy’s works on this side.
On the Left attack batteries for heavy guns have been established in the advanced parallels, bearing upon the Redan, as also for a large number of 13-iuch mortars to fire upon the harbour, town, and defences generally at the head of the inner harbour.
Such being the state of the two attacks, it becomes important and essential to know which are to be the points of attack and nature of intended operations in advance of our present position. Without such information the undersigned will be unable to determine what works it will be desirable to construct in advance of those now held by the English. It is also highly necessary that the Commanding Officer of the Royal Artillery should be made acquainted with the objects against which the fire of the English batteries is to be directed, as it must not be overlooked that many of the batteries in the Left attack were constructed with a view to assist in an attack upon points far removed from that section of the place against which the French have been for some time making their approaches.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
417
Without that information, so necessary for the guidance of the artillery and engineers’ services, works may he thrown up having no direct influence upon the intended attack, and much labour lost by arming batteries which may not be called into play in the further progress of the siege.
Reference is requested to Memorandum 31, dated 29tli June ultimo, relative to an attack upon the Redan. The same difficulties exist, in fact greater, for the enemy has been daily improving his defensive works on both flanks of the Redan, and rendering an attack upon it much more difficult and hazardous, and under such circumstances it ought not to be attempted.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Lieutenant-General Simpson, Major-General,
&c. &c. &c. Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Comdg.-in-Cliief.
Right Attack.
The greatest difficulties lately experienced in pushing forward the works have been caused by having to work through rock with only a few inches of soil upon the surface. Under such circumstances, the difficulty of getting cover has been very great, and casualties among the workmen considerable, from the heavy fire of grape, shot and shells, as also from Coehorn mortars, which throughout the night are directed upon the unfinished portions of the parapets of the trenches.
Miners are necessarily obliged to be employed during the day in blasting material to be ready to thicken the parapet at night. It is calculated that one miner can turn up material sufficient to give employment for nine men in the first relief of the working party after dark.
Revetting materials are very much required, particularly gabions and sandbags. The gabions were made by the Sardinians and Turks. Those by the former very good; the latter not fit for any useful purpose.
The guards of the trenches have been applying for sun screens, finding the heat very oppressive. More will be ordered from Constantinople, similar to the former order, which appear to have answered very well.
The late heavy rains have not done much injury to the works. In consequence of the drains which had been made round the magazines not having been attended to and kept clear during the dry weather, some of them have been flooded, but fortunately doing little injury. In certain parts of the advanced trenches, where attention had not been paid to this very important point, several low parts had considerable bodies of water standing in them, which caused many men to risk their lives, by mounting upon the reverse of the trench, and passing in that exposed manner.
The major part of the casualties have been from splinters of shells from Coeliorns in the Redan, and heavy shells from the collateral works, the fire from which has been found very difficult to silence.
The French have arrived within 80 metres of Malakoff, but cannot advance until the enemy’s fire is silenced, every gabion being knocked down as soon as placed.
The enemy continue to strengthen their lines in every part, particularly between the salient of the Redan and Malakoff, and in making retrenchments between Malakoff and the harbour near Careening Bay.
Repairs to batteries, magazines, platforms, &a have been continued. The damage caused by the enemy’s fire to unfinished parapets, &c. necessitates constant attention to these particulars.
Battery No. 19 completed; banquettes generally repaired. On the night of the 23d, when carrying forward the approaches on the extreme Right, the workmen came upon three Russian rifle-
3 G

418
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
pits, which had been prepared with great care. The enemy retired, after discharging a volley at the working party; one man killed and one wounded. No attempt made to dislodge us.
The enemy have kept up a very heavy artillery fire of all descriptions during the night, which has caused a good many casualties.
Left Attack
Repairs to batteries, platforms, &c., right demi-parallel; cover improved. Communication to No. 16 in progress.
The enemy every night fires heavily with grape, shot and shells, upon our works. Very few light- balls have been thrown by the enemy lately.
The progress of our works has been slow, in consequence of the rock. In many places it has been found necessary to employ miners during the day to blast it, in order to have materials for thickening the parapets at night.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 1, Bay.
4} A.M. to 8£ A M. si P.M. to P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . .
Sappers . . Carpenters . Line miners
fist relief. 129 men.
ir ” '
L 2d relief, 190 5" 1st relief, 16 (2d relief, 10 1st relief, 14 1st relief, 18
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, B..E.
1st Relief.
A party of 20 men were employed in the second parallel draining, and filling the hollows up with stones ; a party of 20 men were employed in batteries Nos. 10 and 16, repairing the right merlon of No. 6 gun in No. 10 battery, and carrying on the traverse in No. 16 ; ten men were employed in No. 14 battery draining ; ten men were employed by the carpenters carrying out timber, &e. into No. 15 battery ; 25 men were employed with the miners in the fourth parallel, clearing out the rubbish, building up banquettes, &c. ; 45 men were employed in the right demi-parallel, improving the trench, &c.; two Sappers and two men employed in repairing the traverse in No. 9 battery.
2d Relief.
Forty men were engaged in draining the right of the second parallel ; 30 men were engaged in draining the left of the second parallel ; 40 men were employed in improving the cover of the right parallel; 20 men were employed cutting drains in No. 14 battery ; 30 men were employed in the fourth parallel, draining, and making good the banquettes, cover, &e. ; 30 men were employed in the Right approach to the third parallel, making good the cover.
Nothing of importance happened during the day.
1855.
August 1, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 P.M.
Woeking Pasty.
Line . . . . ^
Sappers . , . |
Carpenters . . j Officer on duly
1st relief, 300 men. 2(1 relief, 400 „ 1st relief, 16 „
2d relief, 16 „ 1st relief, 4 „ 2d relief, 4 „ Lieut. Bbihe, B.E.
The carpenters were employed on the doctors’ l»ut, and the Sappers in general superintendence.
Right approach from No. 4 battery, 1st relief, 100 men, draining ; approach n from No. 9 to No. 19 battery, 2d relief, 100 men, draining.
Left approach from No. 6 battery, 1st relief, 100 men, draining ; finishing repairs to No. 1 magazine to Caves, 1st relief, 20 men ; carrying platforms to No. 20 battery, 1st and 2d reliefs, 20 men ; forming epaulment, No. 20 battery, 20 men 1st and 10 men 2d relief.
Fourth parallel, the draining of the trench was prevented in consequence of the rock, 20 men 1st and 10 men 2d relief ; repairing shot holes in fourth parallel, 2d relief, 10 men ; repairing approaches to the third parallel, 2d relief, 40 men ; do. to Quarries, 2d relief, 40 men ; fifth parallel, forming cover, 2d relief, 50 men ; magazine, No. 20 battery, excavating and draining, 10 men in each relief; forming traverse in Quarries to keep off fire from the new Russian 3-gun battery, 2d relief, 10 men ; draining new magazine, No. 9 battery, 2d relief, 10 men ; approach m from fourth to fifth parallel, forming cover, 2d relief, 90 men. During the day nothing occurred on the Russian side of any particular notice. A more than usual number of our own shells burst short, near and about the Quarries, and a piece from one of them

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
419
Left Attack.
1855 .
August 1, Night.
WORKING PaRTT.
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
In" consequence of the heavy rain there was no working party last night.
The inundation in front of the Creek Battery was very much swollen ; nothing of consequence occurred.
(Signed) G. Neville,
Lieut. R.E.
This was in consequence of my considering it usdess to expose the men in such a night, I having sent to the Assistant Adjutant-General, Third Division, to request the working party might not be sent down.
(Signed) F. E. Chapman,
Lieut.-Col., R.E.
Memo.
The sandbags in revetment in front of the Caves lia T e in several instances burst from the wet, and tin parapet is rather low, but can be repaired.
(Signed) G. Neville,
Lieut. R.E.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
3eavy showers during the day. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 77°.
Right Attack.
killed, in the afternoon, a soldier of the 33d Regiment. The trenches were naturally in a dreadful state, and in rocky parts it is quite impossible to drain them. A much larger force of “ miners ” is required for the Right attack, which I am sure would be with ease procured by volunteers from the regiments of the Line. For want of miners the right of the fifth parallel and approach m from fourth to fifth do not form sufficient cover.
About 90 to 100 yards on a ridge in front of the extreme right of the fifth parallel down the small ravine is a small screen wall, behind which the Russian sentries are posted every night.
There is no reason in the world why we should not be beforehand, and post ours there. I feel confident that I could any night post our sentries there, form a lodgment, and hold this spot, by means of a communication, both day and night. This would enable us to look right down the ravine, and pick of the Russians working near the stone wall.
Working Parte.
Line .... 180 men.
August 1, Night. Sappers ... 8 „
8 P.M. to 2 a.m. Officer on duty {Lieut ELPlUNaTOtfE,
K Fifth parallel, cutting a drain to the front, through the parapet for the purpose of clearing the trench of water, 20 men.
2. No. 20 battery, thickening parapet from the front, and heightening the left of epaulment, one Sapper, 25 men.
3. 2-gun battery, generally repairing and rebuilding traverses and magazines, and revetting embrasures, all these having suffered very much from the late rains.
4. No. 17 battery, commenced the extension to the right of this battery ; there is ample space for two guns and a traverse, without interfering with battery No 16, but hardly for three guns without crowding ; all the earth for this battery has to be carried from the rear ; very little done ; one Sapper and 40 men.
5. Carrying to the Quarries wheelbarrows and gabions for constructing continuation of battery No. 17, twenty-five men.
6. Cutting a drain through parapet between batteries Nos. 9 and 14, for the purpose of clearing the trenches of water.
7. Very little work was done last night, partly owing to the slippery state of the trenches, which
3 g 2

120
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
i
I
I
I
I
iass.
August 2, Day.
8 a.m. to 12 noon. 2i p.m. to Ci P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers . Officer on
Cist relief, 100 men.
' • (2drelief, 173 „
. . 40 men.
duty 5” M^or Chapman, 20tli
No working party employed from 4.0 a.m. to 8.0 a.m., in consequence of the inclement weather.
1st Relief.
No. 9 battery, one Sapper and eight men repairing a traverse ; No. 10 battery, one Sapper and eight men repairing a magazine ; second parallel, 24 men draining ; third parallel, one Sapper and 40 men draining and assisting miners ; fourth parallel, one Sapper and 20 men draining.
2d Relief.
First parallel, two Sappers and 60 men, collecting and removing timber and other stores ; No. 1 battery, 10 men blocking up embrasures of Nos. 5 and 6 guns. Second parallel, one Sapper and 13 men draining No. 9 battery ; one Sapper and 10 men repairing traverse ; third parallel, one Sapper and 30 men draining ; fourth parallel, two Sappers and 30 men draining No. 16 battery ; one Sapper and 10 men repairing magazine. I observed large working parties and others carrying gabions in the higher Garden batteries.
The French fired three mines during the day.
Forty-nine Sappers were employed, one sergeant, eight privates, in general superintendence; the remainder in blasting and mining.
Right Attack.
caused the working party to be more than an hour late, and partly to the confusion which occurred by a portion of the guard of the trenches mixing with the working party in the Quarries ; in consequence of ■which, although 220 men had been detailed, merely 180 could be found.
8. As the water is still standing at a considerable height in several very hollow places, I think it might be advisable to employ pumps for the purpose of clearing the trenches. It would be much more expeditious and more effective than cutting drains on nearly level ground.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 9 rank and file.
Heavy showers during the day. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer in shade 77°.
1855.
August 2, Day. 4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . Sappers . . Carpenters.
1st relief, 300 men. 2d relief, 30 J „
13 men.
8 „
Officer on duty { ^‘j. De Moieyxs,
1. Nos. 9 and 14 batteries, draining, 20 men in each relief.
2. Nos. 3, 4, and 5 batteries, draining, 1st relief 50 men.
3. Nos. 3, 4, and 5 batteries, general repairs, traverse, 1st and 2d relief 50 men.
4. No. 9 battery, excavating to drain magazine, 1st relief 30 men, 2d relief 40 men.
5. No. 19 battery, drain left approach to magazine, 1st relief 40 men, 2d relief 20 men.
6. No. 20 battery, building traverse and magazine, 1st and 2d reliefs 20 men.
7. Quarries, forming drain on left, 1st relief 20 men, 2d relief 10 men.
8. Left approach to third parallel, draining, 2d relief 30 men.
9. Right approach to third parallel, draining, 2d relief 50 men.
10. Left approaches to Quarries, drain, 1st relief 70 men, 2d relief 20 men.
The Sappers were employed in superintendence.
The carpenters were employed—
Five building doctors’ hut ; three repairs to No. 19 platform, No. 6 battery.
Only 260 out of the 200, 2d relief, of the working party, came to the appointed place, and these were nearly an hour late.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
421
Left Attack.
la55 | Working Party.
I Line .... 200 men.
August 2, Blight. | Sappers ... 24 „
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. | Officer on duty { L r^. J ° NE3 ’ 48th
No. 8 battery, one Sapper and five men, cutting a drain in centre of battery ; fourth parallel, two Sappers and 12 men, the angle (right) of first rifle- pit on left of fourth parallel was converted into a traverse ; centre communication to fifth parallel, four Sappers and 20 men thickening parapet on left-hand side of double sap with earth.
Rifle-pit on left of c place-of-arms, three Sappers and 20 men repairing damage done to casks, loopholes, &c., by enemy’s fire, and thickening parapet with earth.
Communication from third to fourth parallel on right, two Sappers and 30 men, raising and thickening new short cut and closing old trench ; one Sapper and Id men revetting parapet with gabions at opening from third parallel.
Right demi-parallcl, five Sappers and 4d men changing the direction of parapet from curved to straight, and deepening and improving cover in communication to second parallel. No. 17 battery, four Sappers and 40 men, thickening parapet, and filling up hollows by right epaulment.
Remarks.
There was an alarm about 10.30 p.m., upon which the troops stood to their arms, which occasioned the loss of about an hour. The men in the right demi- parallcl worked very well, notwithstanding the heavy fire they were subjected to, when the Russians came up to the chevaux-de-frise, which they destroyed, all except seven pieces, the remains of the others being found scattered about with one or two caps, which made me believe they had experienced some loss.
Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 78 degrees.
Right Attack.
The enemy were very quiet during the day, and I am not aware of any casualties among the working parties.
Working Party.
Line .... 350 men.
Sappers ... 23 men.
Officer on duty Major Stanton, R.E.
Draining and clearing out the Left approaches, three Sappers and 100 men ; repairing the embrasures, &c. in No. 14 battery, seven Sappers and 60 men; repairing the embrasures, &c. in No. 9 battery, three Sappers and 30 men ; making up parapet of new 3-gun battery, near Quarries, one Sapper and 60 men ; making up banquette to the return on right of fifth parallel, two Sappers and 20 men ; cutting a drain through the parapet of fifth parallel, one Sapper and 14 men ; finishing the parapet of No. 20 battery, one Sapper and 20 men ; cutting drains for magazine of No. 20 battery, one Sapper and 10 men ; ditto, ditto, No. 9 battery, one Sapper and 10 men ; excavating for surgeons’ hut on the right, one Sapper and six men ; cutting drain through the parapet in the Right approach to No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 10 men ; cutting drain through parapet in the Left approach n to No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 10 men.
The work performed was generally satisfactory, but some time was necessarily lost by the men having to stand to their arms during an attack made by the enemy chiefly on the works of the Left attack.
This sortie was made at about 11.0 p.m., the enemy endeavouring to force the picquet in the Woronzoff Ravine, and so turn the advanced trenches. This, however, he was prevented doing by the iron chevaux-de-frise placed across the ravine, which has been very considerably damaged, and I fear a large portion of it destroyed. I am not aware of any other damage having been done by this attack.
A steady fire of shells, with an occasional round o( grape, was directed on the trenches during the night, and the casualties amongst the working parties amount to,
One Sapper, Lance-Corporal Miller, 9th Company, killed.
1855.
August 2, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.AI.

422
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL*
Left Attack,
1855.
August 3, Bay.
5 A.M. to 9 AJtf.
3 P.3C to 7 p.m.
■Working Party.
Line .... Sailers . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 140 men. \ 2d relief, 184 „ fist relief, 40 „
X 2d relief, 40 „
97 men. f Capt. Penn,
X Ass 1 Eug r .
R.A..
1st Relief.
1. Thirty men employed to carry on drainage on .the left.
2. Thirty men employed in No. 4 battery, cutting drain through the entire length of the battery.
3. Thirty men employed in No. 17 battery, thickening parapet.
4. Fifteen men employed on the right of the fourth parallel, building revetment, and repairing banquette.
5. Twelve men employed in No. 1 battery, to build Nos. 1, 8, and 10 embrasures.
6. Ten men employed in No. 3 battery, to build up Nos. 1, 3, and 7 embrasures.
7. Ten men employed to carry timber, stores, &o. from batteries in first parallel to the engineer depot.
8. Four men employed cutting passage round traverse on the right of No. 15 battery.
9. Three Sappers employed blasting rock in second parallel between No. 16 battery and the communication to third parallel.
10. Three Sappers employed blasting rock for passage round traverse on right of No. 16 battery.
11. Three Sappers employed in No. 4 battery, blasting rock to drain the left of the battery.
2d Relief.
12. Fifty men employed in fourth parallel, to carry on drainage on the left of it.
13. Thirty men employed in No. 14 battery,
cutting drains through the entire length of it.
14. Thirty men employed in No. 17 battery,
thickening parapet.
15. Ten men employed to revet traverse on right of No. 15 battery, and to cut passage round it,
Right Attack.
There appeared to be nothing new going on in Sebastopol.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 14 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 78 degrees.
1855.
August 3, Bay,
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
8 P.M, to 8 P.M.
Working Party.
Line , . . . Sappers . . .
Carpenters . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 200 men.
12d relief, 250 „
fist relief, 16 men.
12d relief, 24 „
1st relief 8 ,,
Capt. Sedley, R.E.
The carpenters were employed in erecting a surgeons’ hut, and in laying platforms in battery No. 20.
The Sappers were employed in general supervision of work.
The men of the Line employed as follows :—
Fifty men revetting and repairing several embrasures in 21-gun battery ; 40 men cutting drains in the Left approach ; 20 men doing the same in several parts of the Right approaches from the 21-gun battery ; six men excavating for a surgeons’ hut to the right of the 8-gun battery ; 10 men repairing magazine of battery No. 19; 40 making traverses in battery No. 18 ; 10 men collecting barrels and stores to the Quarries ; 14 men repairing parapets where required during the night.
2d Relief.
Ten men repairing magazine in 8-gun battery ; six men excavating for doctors’ hut near 8-gun battery ; 40 men cleaning the trench near battery No. 19; 30 men forming new traverses in battery No. 18 ; 40 men carrying gabions to the Quarries ; four men draining near battery No. 18 ; 30 men bringing
up platform timbers to battery No. 20; 30 men repairing embrasures in 21-gun battery ; 60 men at the Left approaches, draining.
The work was well performed, and in the afternoon, from 3.30 p.m. to 5 p.m., the enemy kept up a heavy fire on the 21 and 8 gun batteries, but did very little injury to them.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
423
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
16. Seventeen men employed carrying platforms to No. 17 battery.
17. Fifteen men collecting timber from batteries in first parallel, and carrying to the engineer depot, also gabions and barrels.
18. Twelve men employed in No. 1 battery, to bnild up Nos. 1, 8, and 10 embrasures.
19. Ten men in No. 3 battery, to build up Nos. 1, 3, and 7 embrasures.
20. Ten men collecting tools in the different batteries, communication to Cemetery, and fourth parallel. 80 picks and 42 shovels carried to the depot.
21. Forty sailors employed in each relief, thickening parapet of No. 9 battery, and revetting embrasures.
Carpenters.
Fourteen men employed laying 13-incli mortar platform in first parallel ; sheeting No. 2 magazine, No. 15 battery ; driving reserve magazine, No. 14 battery ; fitting mortar platforms at depot.
Blasters.
Fourteen men employed in No. 17 battery; 23 men employed in the fourth parallel and centre communication to fifth parallel ; 22 men employed in the fifth parallel and communication from fourth parallel.
No casualties.
No fire on the attack from the guns and mortars of the enemy, but a sharp musketry fire on the fourth parallel, especially on the left.
1855.
August 3, Night.
7 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Wokki.no Pasty.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 28 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly. It.E.
Fifty men on the right of the fifth parallel, clearing out the trench where miners had been working, and improving the cover ; 50 men
making a chain of rifle-pits z 2 j 2 along the crest of hill, in continuation of the fifth parallel. This party had to be withdrawn about 11 o’clock, in consequence of the heavy fire of musketry and grape ; they were then employed improving cover in centre
1855.
August 3, Night.
9 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Beine, B.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence.
Doctors’ hut near to No. 9 batter}", excavating, 10 men; magazine, No. 9 battery, excavating ready for carpenters, 10 men ; approach n from third parallel to No. 19 battery, draining, 15 men ; preparing embrasures of two 10-inch guns, No. 14 battery, 15 men; preparing embrasures Nos. 4, 5,

424
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
of fourth parallel ; 20 men continuing the centre communication to fifth parallel; 20 men improving new communication s s 1 from light of third to right of fourth parallel ; 30 men improving communication to No. 17 battery.
The covering party for the Woronzoff Road brought up the clievaux-de-frise from the park to the cutting in the road, where they were put together by Sappers, and then taken forward to repair the damage done last night.
From 45 to 50 yards of the chevaux-de-frise had been destroyed by the Russians, apparently with sledge hammers, for one was picked up on the spot. Along the centre, where the recent heavy rains had carried down gravel and mud, embedding the chevaux-de-frise to about the centre, and fixing it firm, the spikes had been all broken ofif at the centre, and at the flanks the chains had in places been cut, and the different portions moved aside. It was all repaired, with the exception of four or five yards, which could not be done, in consequence of its becoming very light, and the Russians keeping up a direct fire of musketry, besides shells and grape. They required considerable time putting together, as they did not fit properly.
Killed, 1 rank and flic. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in .shade 80°.
Right Attack.
and 6 batteries, 50 men ; throwing over blasted rock, and forming cover in approach from fourth to fifth parallel, and forming parapet of addition to No. 17 battery, 40 men ; magazine, No. 20 battery, excavating ready for carpenters, 10 men ; forming cesspit for water in rear of fourth parallel, 20 men ; carrying gabions from No. 1 battery and Right approach to fourth parallel to No. 17 battery, 10 men ; repairing approach from No. 6 to No. 13 battery, 20 men; making traverse and drain in Quarries, 30 men ; draining fifth parallel, 20 men ; forming banquette and cover on extreme right of fifth parallel, 50 men.
The firing of shell and grape during the night was very heavy from the “ Redan,” but was scarcely at all returned by our batteries. It would be very advisable if the chevaux-de-frise was again laid across the Woronzoff Road. At present it is entirely removed, and up the sides of the ravine much destroyed and scattered about. I regret to say that the general of the trenches did not think it advisable to push back the Russian sentries behind the screen- wall in front of the fifth parallel ; consequently, about 1'30 a.m., they were the cause of making the Colonel on duty in the trenches order my working party of 100 men, in the approach m from llie fourth parallel, to stand to their arms.
A party of 30 men without any support is not sufficient in the old large Russian rifle-pit q at end of approach to fifth parallel. It should be at least 100 strong, and there is capital cover both by day and night for the whole.
If some general arrangement was come to, by which the field officer was to place a certain number of men in certain places, it would save an infinity ol trouble every night, and the trenches would be more securely held ; say 500 men in Quarries and fifth parallel, 100 men about Egerton’s rifle-pit, as a reserve to come up, and so on.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rauk aud file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer iu shade 87°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
425
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 4, Say.
4J A.M. to 8i A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P-M.
Working Party.
Line ....
Sappers . . .
fist relief, 140 men.
(.2d relief, 150 „
fist relief, 13 „
(.2d relief, 13 „
1855.
August 4, Bay.
Carpenters .
1st relief, 14 „
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
Line miners .
„ 49 „
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Sapper „
Ojficer on duty
„ 18
Lieut. Gobdok, R.E.
Working Party.
Line . . . . | Sappers . . . j Officer on duty £
1st relief, 400 men,
2d relief, 400 „
1st relief, 16 „
2d relief, 16 „
Major Campbell, 46th Eegt.
1st Relief.
1st Relief.
Twenty-seven men were employed draining in the fourth parallel ; five men were employed draining in No. 14 battery ; 10 men were employed in assisting the miners under Corporal Hanson in the fourth parallel, removing rubbish, &c. ; 12 men, under Corporal Paul, removing the stuff excavated by blasters on the right of the fourth parallel ; 15 men, in No. 14 battery, removing stone from the side of the traverse, and revetting with gabions ; six men with Corporal Hill’s mining party, in the right demi- parallel; 50 men, in the first parallel, filling up the embrasures of Nos. 1, 5, 6, 8, and 10 guns of No. 1 battery, Nos. 1, 3, and 7 guns of No. 3 battery, and Nos. 4, 5, and 8 of No. 4 battery, and collecting stores, &c. from the old parapets ; 15 men employed by the carpenters carrying timber, Sec.
2d Relief.
Sixty men were employed in draining in the fourth parallel and in No. 14 battery ; 10 men were employed on the right traverse in No. 16 battery ; 20 men employed in the fourth parallel, building up banquettes, traverses, &c. ; 25 men employed in the right demi-parallel, improving and widening the trench ; 35 men were employed in the first parallel, doing the same as the 1st relief.
The earth which had been cut away in rear of a new 3-gun battery of the Russians slipped, and fell into the battery, to-day, about 5 r.M., nearly filling the interior of the battery up to its crest.
Memo.
I have to report, in addition to the statement of Lieut. Gordon respecting the Russian works flanking the Creek, that they have converted the covered gallery made along the side of the hill under the Barrack Battery into a casemated battery for two or three guns, the form of the embrasures being quite apparent, revetted with gabions.
(Signed) Geo. Bent,
Major, R.E.
Right approach m to fifth parallel, 100 men.
Repairing embrasures in Nos. 4, 5, and 6 batteries, 30 men.
Fifth parallel, 60 men.
Fourth parallel, 70 men.
No. 17 battery and magazines, 30 men.
No. 9 battery, magazine, 10 men.
Doctors’ hut, 10 men.
Repairing embrasures in Nos. 9 and 14 batteries, 10 men.
Left approach n to No. 19 battery, 15 men.
Collecting tools, &c., 10 men.
Carrying barrels, 20 men.
Traverse in Quarries, 20 men.
Draining trenches, 15 men.
2d Relief.
Approach m to fifth parallel, 70 men.
Fifth parallel, GO men.
No. 17 battery and magazine, 44 men.
Quarry traverse, 10 men.
Clearing trenches, 20 men.
Approach m to fifth parallel, 90 men.
Repairing shot-holes, 10 men.
Carrying fascines, 20 men.
Doctors’ hut, 10 men.
No. 9 battery, magazine, 10 men.
Small-arm magazine in Caves, six men.
Repairing embrasures in Nos. 4, 5, and 6 batteries, 30 men.
The enemy fired but little, and no casualties occurred amongst the working parties during the day. There was a good deal of dissatisfaction amongst the working party of 400 men of the Highland Brigade, who were taken from the guard of the trenches at 4 o’clock A.M. and worked until 8 A.M. At the conclusion of their work they were not permitted to go home, which has latterly been the custom, because the field officer on duty considered that those men who had occupied the fifth parallel, and the ground to the right of it, during the night, were better entitled to that indulgence, and had in
3 H

426
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
consequence sent home 400 men of the Guards at daylight.
Twenty-four men of this working party who had performed task-work very satisfactorily were also allowed to go home, on special application to the field officer on duty.
The enemy kept constantly passing backwards and forwards from the small battery in front of the fifth parallel into the Karabelnaia Ravine, crossing the ditch by a plank, and persisted in this, although several were shot from the new rifle pit q at the end of the Right approach m to the fifth parallel. A party of the enemy was engaged in the afternoon throwing down the coping stones from the top of the high wall near the Arsenal Buildings.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers . . . 22 „
Office,-on duty { M ^ nAPMAS ’ 20th
Two Sappers to complete the chevaux-de-frise in the Woronzoff Road, which they could not effect, being unable to obtain assistance from the guards of the trenches stationed there ; two Sappers and 30 men at the right of right demi-parallel, excavating, and thickening parapet ; two Sappers and 20 men improving communication to Right demi-parallel; two Sappers and 20 men clearing out the double sap j j 2 communicating with fifth parallel, and repairing damages ; one Sapper and six men repairing damages done by shot in fourth parallel; two Sappers and 30 men clearing trench and thickening parapet in fifth parallel; two Sappers and 10men revetting embrasure in No. 16 battery ; one Sapper, 10 men, cutting through a drain on the left of fourth parallel; four Sappers and 74 men working at communication from second parallel to No. 11 battery. This party was withdrawn without my orders, before the proper time ; they belonged to the 28th Regiment, but as I could not see the officer in command of the party I could not obtain his name.
One Sapper returned to camp sick.
The enemy kept up a heavy fire of shot and shell on us during the night, which much retarded the work. I regret to state a sergeant of the 38th had his head taken off by a round shot.
Killed, 2 rank and file. "Wounded, 13 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 85°.
1855.
August 4, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
1855.
August 4, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 21 ,,
Officer on duty Capt. I)eMoleyns,R.E.
1. Fifth parallel, repairing shot-holes, throwing earth over wall, and improving cover, 100 men.
2. Right approach to fifth parallel, improving cover, carrying earth collected during the day, and throwing over, 100 men.
3. Fourth parallel, improving cover, mending shot- holes, 80 men.
4. New buttery No. 20 on right of Quarries, forming parapet, 50 men.
5. No. 17 battery, repairing embrasures with new iron gabions, 10 men, six Sappers.
6. No. 14 battery, repairing Nos. 1 and 2 embrasures, 10 men.
7. No. 20 battery, forming drain from magazines and draining trench, 40 men.
8. Draining left communication to No. 19 battery, 10 men.
Fifteen Sappers were employed superintending.
The enemy kept up a very heavy fire of every description during the night, so much so that I was obliged to withdraw Nos. 1, 4, and 5 working parties about 11.30, soon after the moon rose, the officer in charge being dangerously wounded, and from 20 to 30 other casualties, among whom were a corporal and two Sappers slightly.
The fire was almost entirely from the Redan and flanking batteries, and our artillery had little or no effect in silencing it.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 41 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 85°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
427
Left Attack.
1855,
Augrust 5, Bay. 4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.41. to 7 P.M.
WOKKISS Paett.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 150 „
12 men.
Lieut. Nevmjb, R.E.
No. 16 battery, one Sapper, 10 men, deepening and widening passage round traverse on the right, and blasting rock".
Doctors’ cave in rear of No. 7 battery, two Sappers in two reliefs excavating.
Second parallel, one Sapper and 20 men levelling and filling in holes to prevent water lodging ; one Sapper and 30 men repairing parapet, levelling, &c.
First parallel, three Sappers and 90 men, employed in batteries, placing them in order where guns and platforms have been moved to the front.
Second relief was the same detail as the first.
In the afternoon the Russians kept up a continuous fire from the Malakoflf and Redan on the working parties in the Left attack, also at the Quarries on the Right.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 5, Day, 4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 8 P.M.
■\Vorkixo Party.
Line . . . . Carpenters Sappers . . . Officer on duty
< 1st relief, 340 men. (.2d relief, 400 „
1st relief, 16 „ fist relief, 16 „
(.2d relief, 32 „
f Lieut. Elphisstoke, l R.E.
1. Right approach m to fifth parallel, deepening trench, and collecting stuff - for throwing over during the night, and improving the loopholes of the white rifle-pit q at the head of this approach, 1st relief, 40 men, 2d relief, 60 men.
2. Fourth parallel, repairing shot holes made last night, building up steps, and draining, and clearing off - water, 1st relief, 40 men, 2d relief, 60 men.
3. Quarries, widening and deepening the trench in rear of the Quarries, wherein the tools are now kept. 1st relief, 40 men, 2d relief, 25 men.
4. Traverse to left of Quarries, heightened the parapet, and lowered the trench at that particular part, so as to allow the whole of the terrepleine of the Quarries to be drained to the rear, 1st and 2d reliefs, 10 men.
5. Fifth parallel, collecting earth for throwing over parapet during the night, repairing shot-holes where practicable, &c., 1st relief, 10 men, 2d relief, 70 men.
6. New gun positions in continuation of No. 17 battery, collected earth by means of wheelbarrows for throwing over during the night-time, 1st relief, 20 men, 2d relief. 20 men.
7. Battery No. 20 continued, and completed the laying down of the second gun platform, 1st and 2d relief, one brigade of carpenters.
8. Left approach, improving, repairing, and draining the part between the 21-gun and No. 13 battery, 1st and 2d reliefs, 50 men.
9. Doctors’ hut, the one on the Left approach was continued and nearly completed, the other, on the Right approach, was continued to be excavated; the excavation will be ready to receive the timbers by to-morrow morning; 1st and 2d reliefs, one brigade of carpenters and 20 men.
10. No. 18 battery, constructed two small traverses parallel to the parapet and close to the rear of the mortar platforms, for the purpose of protecting the men from splinters of shells, 2d relief, 20 men.
11. Left approaches in front of Quarries, generally repairing parapets, &c., 2d relief, 30 men.
12. Ten men were employed in collecting powder barrels and hoop iron, and carrying the same to the
3 h 2

428
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
main depot in the 21-gun battery, 1st relief, 20 men, 2d relief, 10 men.
13. Carrying down splinter-proofs and timbers for magazines to Nos. 9 and 20 batteries, 2d relief, 30 men.
14. Five men were employed carrying 30 baskets from the depot in Right approach to fourth parallel to the depot in the Quarries, for use this night.
15. There was no particular movement on the part of the enemy that I could perceive.
The wharfs on the opposite side appeared to be crowded more than usually with materials of all kinds, but no attempt was made to tranship them to this side, although many small vessels were moored alongside these piers. The enemy appears to be erecting large wooden store sheds, for the coming winter, I presume.
I saw the skeleton framework of two, adjoining the above-named wharf.
The enemy still keep up a constant communication between the parapet in front of the Dockyard buildings and the middle ravine. I think there must be a well in this ravine, somewhere in the vicinity of the only tree which is visible.
One of the larger buildings adjoining the Dockyard buildings was set on fire this afternoon, by a shell, I believe. The flames increased rapidly throughout the whole of the edifice, rendering it impossible to extinguish it, but from the solid nature of the structure I am afraid that it will not spread to the neighbouring buildings.
I had a very good opportunity of observing the manner in which the enemy revet their embrasures. A long post is driven through every gabion, which picquets are attached by ropes to two others in rear, the latter being again attached to a third, which sustains the whole.
The narrow trenches running directly in front of the Malakoflf Tower are, I believe, for no other purpose than to communicate with small rifle-screens the enemy have lately erected in front of the abattis.
1855.
August 5, Night.
7 P.M. to a A.M.
Woukixg Party.
te ... . 400 men.
ppers ... 24 „
leer on duty Capt. Sediey, R.E.
August 5, Night,
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
"WOEKING PAETY. . . 400 men.
Line .... 200 men.
S ers . . . 26 „
C 'T on duty Capt. Penn, 3J.A.
1855.
August 5, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
1. Sixty-four men employed at communication from Nos. 11 to 12 batteries.
The Sappers were employed in general supervision of the working parties.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
429
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
2. Thirty men employed in No. 20 battery, to thicken parapet.
3. Twenty men employed in the right demi-parallel, to improve cover.
4. Twenty men employed at double sap, to clean out and repair damage to revetment by the enemy’s fire.
5. Thirty men employed on the right of the fifth parallel, to clean trench of stones blasted by miners, and to thicken the parapet.
6. Ten men employed in No. 16 battery, clearing earth out of embrasure No. 2, and revetting No. 7 two more gabions to the front.
7. Ten men employed to continue to cut drain on the left of the fourth parallel.
8. Six men employed to cutj drain on the right of the fourth parallel.
9. Ten men employed in Woronzoff Road, fitting chevaux-de-frise, and carrying to the front, and continuing to place across the road.
About half-past eight o’clock a fire was observed in rear of the Redan; I should think near the water’s edge.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind light. Thermometer in shade 88°.
1355.
August 6, Bay. 4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Sailors . .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
yist relief, 211 men. (.2d relief, 174 „
y 1st relief, 54 „
(2d relief, 54 „
( 33 men.
138 ,,
Lt. Jones, 46th Rcgt.
1st Relief.
Fifty-four men of the 68th Regiment and four Sappers, under Sergeant Jervis, filling up holes in second, third, and fourth parallels with broken stones, clearing blasts, &c.
Six men of the 48th Regiment and six Sappers blasting in fifth parallel.
Fifteen men of the 48th Regiment and six Sappers repairing parapets of communication in front of No. 7.
The men of the Line were distributed ns follows:—
Thirty employed cutting a drain near magazine, No. 20 battery; eight cutting embrasure in same battery; 62 in forming a battery between Nos. 17 and 20 batteries ; 100 in the fifth parallel, carrying earth in baskets to the weak portions of the parallel, and forming parapet, &c. ; 100 in the Right approach between fourth and fifth parallels, throwing over the earth, stones, &c., and debris formed by the miners in the day ; 100 in the fourth parallel, repairing parapet where damaged, and strengthening it; one Sapper assisting the sailors to repair an embrasure in the 21-gun battery ; one Sapper assisting the sailors repairing embrasures in the 8-gun battery, damaged during the afternoon.
I have to report that the fire of the enemy was so heavy on the fifth parallel and the Right approach m between parallels four and five that a good many casualties occurred, and the regimental officers in charge of the men at work in those two places considered tlicir men too much in danger. So as the firing prevented them from doing much work, I withdrew the men about one o’clock in the morning.
A large fire occurred in the town last night, and entirely destroyed a large building close in front of the two long White barracks near the Dockyard Creek.
The fire lasted the whole night, and the French kept up a well-directed rocket fire in its neighbourhood.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 18 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer iu shade 85°.
1855.
August 6, Say.
4 a.m. to 8 A.M.
8 r.M. to 7 p.m.
Working Party.
Line
< 1st relief, 250 men.
1 ■ 12d relief, 300 „
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer on duty Major Stanton, E.E.
1st Relief.
Fifth parallel, making up banquette, and improving cover, 50 men ; approach to Quarries, deepening the trench, 50 men; Right approach m to fifth parallel, improving cover, 40 men ; No. 18 battery, making traverses and draining, 40 men ; No. 20 battery, making drains for magazine, 20 men ; No. 19 battery, taking off the top course of gabions, and draining, 20 men ; collecting powder barrels, 10 men ; deepening drain in Quarries, and cleaning out drains, 20 men.

430
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Fifteen men of the 48tli Regiment and two Sappers revetting traverse on the left of No. 14 with gabions.
Ten men of the 48th Regiment and two Sappers cutting drain.
No. 17 battery, 10 men of the 48th Regiment and 40 of the 20th Regiment, and nine Sappers, collecting earth and stones at foot of parapet, to be thrown over at night.
Twenty-five men of the 48tli Regiment and one Sapper prolonging traverse on right of No. 15 battery with barrels.
No. 16 battery, 10 men of the 68th Regiment and three Sappers cutting round traverse on right, and filling up between traverse and parapet.
Ten men of the 68tli Regiment and three Sappers at doctors’ hut in rear of No. 7 battery.
Ten men of the 48th Regiment carrying wood to form banquettes in fourth parallel.
Two brigades of Sappers superintending.
Two brigades of carpenters laying platforms in
No. 19 battery.
Miners employed in the Right approach m to fifth parallel.
2d Relief.
Carrying iron gabions from first parallel to No. 9 battery, six men; making cess-pit to magazine in
No. 19 battery, 20 men ; repairing the embrasure for field-piece g in first Left demi-parallel, 20 men ; revetting cheeks of embrasures ; No. 20 battery, 20 men ; fourth parallel, carrying stones, and improving trench where the water lodges, 50 men ; Left approach n to No. 19 battery, draining, 20 men ; doctors’ hut on the Left, cutting passage and drain, and covering over, 50 men ; collecting old iron gabions, and carrying to tool depot in first parallel, 40 men ; making traverses in No. 18 battery, 14 men ; drains of maga-
2d Relief.
zine in No. 20 battery, 10 men; fourth parallel, improving cover and banquettes, 50 meii ; Sappers
Fifty men of the 17th Regiment and one Sapper filling up holes in second, third, and fourth parallels with broken stones, clearing blasts, 8cc.
Fifteen men of the 48th Regiment and one Sapper revetting traverse on left of No. 14 battery with gabions.
Forty men of the 48th Regiment and two Sappers collecting earth and stones at foot of parapet, to be thrown over at night.
Thirteen men of the 48th Regiment and six men of the 17th Regiment prolonging traverse on right of No. 15 battery with barrels.
Ten men of the 48tli Regiment and three Sappers cutting round traverse on right of No. 16 battery, and filling up between traverse and parapet.
Ten men of the 68th Regiment and two Sappers at doctors’ hut in rear of No. 7 battery.
Fifty-four sailors working at communication from No. 11 battery to No. 10 battery, both reliefs.
Very heavy shelling in afternoon from Redan. Three casualties in working party ; one from piece of our shell.
superintending. ;
No working parties of the enemy were to be seen, j
and nothing important to report. j
A mortar in No. 8 battery split during the afternoon, and one of the platforms in the same battery requires relaying.
•

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
431
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
Auguat 6, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
196 men.
23 ..
Lieut. Gordon, E.E.
1855.
August 6, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 AJI.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer an duty / Major CAMPBELL, 46th
Thirty-six meu were employed in the communication from No. 12 battery to No. 11 battery, and lengthened it 36 yards.
Forty men were employed in No. 17 battery, thickening the parapet, &c.
Twenty men were employed in the centre communication to the fifth parallel, removing stones and improving cover.
Ten men were employed in cutting a drain from the fourth parallel, and in deepening the drain in front of No. 8 battery.
Twenty men were employed on the left of the approach to the fifth parallel. I was obliged to remove them a short time after on account of the musketry fire.
Ten men were employed in widening and thickening the trench, and in building up a wall to enable the miners to work on the right of the fifth parallel.
Fifty men were employed in clearing out the trench from rubbish left by miners, cutting a drain, and in building up a traverse.
Ten men were employed in the communication from the third to the fourth parallel.
The enemy kept up on the exposed parties a sharp musketry fire from the flank of the Redan and two stone walls under the Barrack Battery. This caused the parties who were exposed not to work as much as usual. About 11.30 p.m. I heard carts in the Woronzoff Road, and on going to the edge of the cliff felt sure the enemy were moving something. I went up to the parallel to report it, when I heard that Captain Cursell, 4th Regiment, had reported, two hours before, to the field officer, that the enemy were moving their shot. I heard no more noise during the night after this, and the moon rose immediately.
The enemy directed their musketry by means of light balls.
Killed, 2 rank and file. "Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in the shade 86°.
Detail.
Fifth parallel, 100 men ; No. 17 battery, 50 men ; embrasures of No. 9 battery, 40 men ; drain in Left approach n to No. 19 battery, 40 meu ; approach m to fifth parallel, 50 men ; cesspool in Right approach to fourth parallel, 16 men ; No. 20 battery, 20 men ; drain to No. 19 battery, magazine, 30 men ; drain in fourth parallel, 22 men; carrying mantlets, 12 men ; No. 20 battery, magazine, 20 men ; three brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
A heavy fire was kept up in the early part of the evening. Only one casualty occurred amongst the working, parties.
The wall in the fifth parallel was much damaged by rouiul shot, and it was found necessary to withdraw the party at work behind it, but the breaches in the wall were repaired. The new parapet of No. 17 battery was raised to an average height of 5 feet 6 inches.
No new work by the enemy was observed.
Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.E. Thermometer in shade 88°.

432
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 7, Bay.
\ A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 F.M. tO 7 P.M,
Working Party.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st Relief.
< 1st relief, 150 men.
C 2d relief, 200 „
fist relief, 50 „
(.2d relief, 50 „
Lieut. Donnelly, U.E.
Thirty men carrying earth into No. 17 battery, , to be thrown on parapet at night. j
Fifty men draining and making banquettes in fourth j parallel. I
Twenty men improving cover in the communication in front of No. 7 battery.
Twenty men at the traverse on the right of No. 15 battery, and the traverse between Nos. 14 and 15 batteries.
Ten men at the traverse on the right of No. 16 battery.
Twenty men making a surgeons’ hut in the rear of No. 7 battery.
2d Relief.
No. 17 battery 30 men, fourth parallel 50 men, in front of No. 7 battery 30 men, No. 15 battery 10 men, employed as during 1st relief.
No. 16 battery, 30 men thickening parapet of right gun portion, and continuing traverse on right.
Twenty men filling breadbags with earth on right of fifth parallel, to be carried out at night for cover for miners ; 20 men filling in holes where water lodges in No. 12 battery ; ten men collecting tools and materials about the batteries.
1855.
August 7, Bay.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . . . Rappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men 2d relief, 210 „
16 men.
Lieut. Somerville, R.E.
1st Relief.
Two brigades of Sappers superintending.
Forty men in No. 17 battery, wheeling earth in barrow's, and improving the parapet on right of the battery; 40 men in fifth parallel, improving the cover ; 20 men in fourth parallel, forming trench in hollows ; 20 men draining the Left approach u to No. 19 battery ; 30 men re-setting gabions in No. 18 battery, merlons of Nos. 4 and 5 mortars (finished) ; 20 men carrying stones for platform (mortar) to No. 8 battery ; 20 men carrying mantlets to No. 17 battery ; ten men collecting barrels ; collected 11.
Two brigades of carpenters employed throughout the day in relaying the platforms of Nos. 1 and 2 mortars in No. 8 battery. They were to be begun this morning.
2d Relief.
Two Sappers and ten men, angle of magazine built up with five gabions and some old sandbags (a woodeu prop wanted for interior) ; one Sapper and 30 men re-setting gabions in merlon of Nos. 2 and 3 in No. 18 battery ; two Sappers and 40 men carrying earth in baskets to stone wall on right of trench ; one Sapper, 20 men, set gabions in embrasures, No. 20 battery ; one Sapper and 20 men draining Left approach to No. 19 battery; one Sapper and 10 men, doctors’ hut, Left approaches, cutting away in front of door ; no gabions to be had, aud the bottom tier too bad for re-setting.
One Sapper, 30 men, No. 17 battery, -wheeling earth to improve Right approach; one Sapper and 50 men paving hollow's in fourth parallel.
One Sapper, 30 men, repairing small-arm magazine; Caves on Woronzoff Ravine built with stones and a few old sandbags (no new sandbags to be had) ; one Sapper, ten men, 21-gun battery, half merlon of No. 17 gun repaired, built w'ith fascines, as neither sandbags or gabions were to be got. I observed nothing unusual during the day.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
433
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 7, Nigllt.
8 P.M. to 2 A.AI.
WORKING PAr.TY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, B.E.
Detail.
Fifth parallel, 20 men and Sappers clearing out stone blasted at centre communication, to thicken parapet of double sap, deepening communication where it leaves fourth parallel, and filling four gabions in the passage to the front.
Right of fifth parallel, 40 men and Sappers clearing trench, building traverse, cutting through drains, thickening parapet ; 20 men and Sappers building three screens for miners with large sandbags.
Forty men and four Sappers thickening parapet of No. 17 battery.
Twenty men and two Sappers, communication to fourth parallel on the right, placed and filled six gabions to revet parapet, and thicken from the rear.
Left of fourth parallel, ten men and two Sappers repairing places-of-arms, parapet, &c., and replacing casks ; No. 16 battery, four men and one Sapper, throwing earth over parapet (collected during the day in embrasures) ; communication from Nos. 11 to 12 batteries, 46 men and two Sappers, improving communication from Nos. 11 to 12 batteries.
A heavy fire of shot, shell, &c. was kept up all night on both English attacks. A gun was placed in No. 17 battery.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade
86 °.
1855.
August 7, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Ojjicer on duty Lieut. Brine, U.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence and repairing embrasures ; one Sapper and ten men removing old gabions from front of Nos. 4 and 5 batteries to tool depot ; one Sapper and 30 men completing drain in approach n from third parallel to No. 19 battery ; one Sapper and 30 men forming drain to rear of No. 18 battery ; one Sapper and 15 men forming drain and cesspool in Right approach to fourth parallel ; one Sapper and ten men setting barrels and backing with earth on top of traverse, Right communication m, from fourth to fifth parallel; fourth parallel, one Sapper and 50 men improving 100 yards to the left of its junction with Right approach ; 30 men, approach m, from fourth to fifth parallel, throwing over excavated rock, and forming cover near old Russian rifle-pit q ; one Sapper and 33 men finishing drain to front of fourth parallel; nine Sappers and 50 men repairing embrasures, Nos. 9 and 14 batteries ; for want of sandbags these could not be completed ; one Sapper and 40 men connecting new traverse in Quarries by stone wall four feet six inches high, two feet thick, with earthen parapet ; completed ; one Sapper and 50 men raising parapet, No. 17 battery, of. new 3-gun portion, and carrying earth ; one Sapper and ten men opening out two embrasures, No. 20 battery, sufficiently to set the gabions ; could not be finished for want of sandbags ; this battery is ready for armament ; fifth parallel, one Sapper and 45 men reversing old Russian trench beyond stone wall and return to bottom of small ravine ; capital cover formed.
During the night the fire of shell, grape, l’ouud shot, and gun shells from the enemy was heavy, but not perhaps more than usual the last week.
In front of the Redan the enemy had a large covering party, and I think they were driving stakes, &c., about the “ abattis,” most probably strengthening it.
The special working party of 400 men did not arrive at the Quarries and No. 19 battery till 9 p.jr., consequently they were not detailed, and I did not get them to work at the different parts of the trenches till nearer ten than nine, thereby a loss of one hour and a half of valuable time (as the moon rises about quarter to one) was occasioned. The field officer in
3 I

434
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
charge told me that the regiment who furnished 359 men was, through some mistake, the cause of this delay.
In the Right attack not a single sandbag was to he procured, and this want is causing great delay, and should be remedied as quickly as possible.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 20 rank and file.
I beg to call attention to this : the working party seldom comes in time, and as they are a special party, quite independent of the guard of the trenches, there is no excuse.
A. Cook,
Capt R.E.,
Dir. R. Attack.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 86 °.
Reports from the Look-out Station.
1855, Six hundred and sixty-six carts passed to the north side yesterday, of which 308 had
August 1 . gabions. About 478 passed. A large working party was working on our left, at the Cemeteiy
Battery on the north shore. Several large carts passed out from the north side, carrying hay.
August 3. A large working party all day yesterday at the 12-gun battery (Cemetery, north side). Burial party at the Cemetery, as usual. The small ditches or trenches cut from the edge of the MalakofF ditch at the salient have been deepened considerably.
A large number of men were assembled at the Fort Nicholas landing-place. They were apparently engaged with a large mooring barge, which was in danger or difficulty, from the sea running against the point. 248 carts came to the north side, principally laden with gabions ; only about 38 of them having timber, and 44 sacks. About 200 of them left empty.
August 4 . There was heavy firing during yesterday between the MalakofF and the French Right, and towards sunset between the Redan and the advanced batteries of the Right attack (the latter, however, not well visible from the observation post). Shells were only thrown, and apparently burst purposely in the air above the 21-gun battery. The Cemetery is much enlarged ; the camp in that direction increasing. Three shells were thrown from us, and burst near the white barrack building. A small addition to the hay on the north side. A great many fatigue parties and small armed parties moving about all day. 205 carts arrived on the north side, of which 71 with gabions, 45 heavily laden (contents not seen), 12 with hay ; about 60 went with the sack stores. 70 carts went towards the country, and three boats of gabions were brought over to the south side.
August 5. A large party paraded at an early hour yesterday at Fort Nicholas landing-place, and remained there. Working parties were at the Cemetery battery and the white building battery (6 guns). The works inside the MalakofF heightened, and a new embrasure cut to depress a gun towards the French advance. The sack store, on south side of the middle road, lias been taken away ; the haystacks increased. A party of 250 men, preceded by a man in red, went to the Burial Ground, in procession, and parties were there digging pits also. The wooden encampment on the north side greatly increased. Some French ships were practising firing, and Fort Constantine and other forts were firing some shot, apparently going over the ships, but possibly it may have been the shot of the French practice.
360 carts came in, 200 of which brought sacks, 146 with gabions, 11 with hay.
25 carts came in by the lower road, with sacks ; about 300 went out empty, by the upper road, and 36 by the lower road.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
435
Five carts heavily laden with gabions went into Malakoff at 3 p.m.
1855. There was shelling yesterday between Fort Constantine and the “ Square Fort,” and
August 6. between the Malakoff and the French, as well as from the Redan against our batteries.
About 5 p.m. a fire took place on our proper Left and rear of the Redan, in a house near a green cupola ; there was much firing at the time ; but it seems probable, from several other houses burning at the same time, and the day quite still, that the Russians fired them purposely.
Rockets reached from the French into the market village ; they were fired from the “ Ouvrages Blancs.”
The haystacks are on the increase. At 5.45 a very grand funeral took place in the burial ground near the Wasp Fort; a large procession, and three volleys of musketry over the grave. 181 carts arrived, 43 of which with gabions ; 50 went to the corn stacks. The others were laden. 43 went out empty.
August 7. The usual working parties were busy at the Cemetery and the Cemetery battery.
The sack store seems to have diminished on the north side ; the hay to have increased.
Boats came over with gabions.
448 carts came in by the upper road, 108 of them with gabions, 197 with sacks, 56 with barrels. 419 went out, all empty except 26, which had apparently old sacks.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
August i. Par. No. 1. The Major-General requests that the directors of the two attacks will pay particular attention to the drainage of the trenches and batteries. In those places where the water has lodged, a good and efficient cut must be made, so that the men may pass along the trenches without being obliged to march upon the reverse of the trench, thereby exposing themselves to the enemy’s fire.
The Major-General cannot impress too strongly upon the attention of the officers this very important subject in all works.
Par. No. 2. The Major-Genei’al requests the directors of the two attacks will furnish him (with the weekly summary) with a list of the armament of each battery, in regular numerical order, commencing with No. 1, and showing what ordnance has been moved to the front.
By order,
E. F. Bourchier,
Brigade Major, R.E.
August 3. Par. No. 1. The Major-General commanding requests that whenever officers on detachment have occasion to make reports of the progress of their works, &c., they will not omit to bring under notice the movements of the enemy in their neighbourhood, as well as any other occurrences worthy attention.
Memorandum.
Translation.
1st August 1855.
The undersigned general officers having assembled, in accordance with the orders of the generals in chief of the English and French armies, to arrange and give their opinion on the future progress of the siege operar tions, they have unanimously agreed—
1. That as to the French attacks directed against the town, the approaches have been pushed as far as the nature of the soil, the formation of the ground, and the power of the enemy’s artillery will permit. For a long time on this part the delay has turned to the profit of the Russians, who increase the obstacles which it will be necessary to overcome in the Central Bastion and in the Bastion du Mat (bastions 4 and 5 of the Russians).
2. As to the attack directed by the English against the Great Redan (bastion 3 of the Russians), the parapet of the Russian approaches has been reversed, and the approach on the glacis advanced, as far as
3 i 2

436
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
the fire of the place has permitted, but it is at present stopped, and cannot be advanced nearer to the Redan until the fire of the besiegers acquires a marked superiority over that of the Russians.
3. Lastly, as to the nttack directed by the French against the Malakoff front, the formation of the ground has been taken advantage of to advance on the Tower (Komileff Bastion of the Russians) and on the Careening Bay Redan (bastion No. 2), from which we are distant about 100 metres ; but far from being able to advance, it is necessary to abandon some heads of saps, which are daily destroyed by the cannon of the place. These ndvances cannot receive a proper development or be pushed further to the front until our artillery shall have obtained a superiority over that of the Russians.
With regard to the attacks of the town and that of the Redan, all the batteries proposed to support the advances are finished, and supplied with ammunition. This is not the case in the attack of the Malakoff front; and we consider that eight days will still be necessary, so that those batteries which are now constructing, and whose effect should be awaited, can open their fire.
However detrimental any delay in the progress of the attacks against the Redan and the town may be, it is necessary, without doubt, to act everywhere at the same time, and to wait (as has been done for several days) until the batteries 22 and 32 on the lower spur of the Sapoune Heights, and the batteries Nos. 33 and 34, in advance of the redoubt Brnncion, which contain together 18 pieces, should be finished, to retake a very decisive offensive.
As soon as these conditions arc fulfilled, a moderate fire will be opened against the place, endeavouring to subdue the fire which has the greatest effect on the advances, to destroy and deform by means of mortar shells the works proposed to be attacked, and, lastly, to search, by means of loaded projectiles of all kinds, the places where the enemy assembles his reserves or executes work.
If the enemy, repeating the stratagem which he has already employed, remains silent, the advances will be re-commenced. If he fires from any piece which hurts our works, our artillery will unite against this piece all those pieces which can see it, in such a way as to crush it. If this small struggle brings on a more general one, we will sustain it, but always acting in preference on those batteries of the enemy which have most effect on the approaches.
Shall we succeed by this means in arriving sufficiently near the place to make a descent into the ditch ? Nothing leads us to expect it. The only object we can reasonably expect, and which most likely will be very difficult to obtain, is to approach to about 60 or 80 metres of the counterscarp, and at that distance good places-of-arms should be established, from which the columns of assault will issue ; besides, if a descent of the ditch was possible, it would not be by so narrow a passage that troops could arrive in sufficient numbers to combat on advantageous terms with the force which the Russians collect in their works.
Do the attacks by assault made from trenches 60 or 80 metres from the works offer such chances of success as to justify trying them ?
Here the undersigned will produce an opinion, expressed some time ago, and which the past events have only served to confirm. If the army of relief which has taken up position on the north of the place is not beaten or driven off, if the garrison, perhaps without cessation, is supplied and renewed, if the great losses which the fire of our artillery will cause him does not fall on the garrison alone, if the latter does not see himself exposed to be put to the sword in the event of being forced in any part, but, on the contrary, feels behind him strong reserves, it is against all the conditions in accordance with ■which sieges are undertaken and succeed. An attack by assault offers little chance of success ; it is an extreme attempt, which is beyond all the rules of war.
But, whether the garrison be or be not invested, considering in itself the attack by assault attempted from the existing advanced trenches and from those which we may still hope to make, we do not hesitate to think, that to have the greatest chances of success, it will be necessary to attack simultaneously on the side of the town by the Central Bastion and the Bastion du Mat, on the side of the Karabelnaia suburb by the Redan and Malakoff front. Then the enemy, occupied everywhere, will not be able to direct the greater part of his reserves on those troops who should have forced any part, and if we penetrate in any point we might be

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
43 /
able, by a new effort, to complete the success by possessing ourselves of another point which may be necessary to preserve the former.
Lastly, in this system of attack, which has been settled since the commencement of the siege, all the batteries will be used in the manner proposed when constructing them.
There is a last consideration, to which it is necessary to call the immediate attention of the generals in chief, and which may influence their opinions :—
If before the arrival of winter the place is not taken, it will be of course necessary to raise the siege. To guard the trenches during the winter cannot be thought of; they are too near the enemy, and consequently too much exposed to both his fire and sorties. The soldier will not be sustained with the hope of a speedy solution, as he was last winter ; and in the opinion of the undersigned the defence of a line of contravallation ought to be considered as having been already a sufficiently severe trial for him.
It is necessary, then, under all considerations, to hasten the conclusion of the siege, which, whatever it may bring out, will at all events leave time for many things before the coming of winter.
Before Sebastopol, 1st August 1855.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
The General of Division, Aide-de-Camp of the Emperor, commanding the Engineers of the French army,
(Signed) Niel.
Mem orandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 3d August 1855.
The result of the attack of the enemy last night upon the post stationed in the Woronzoff Road Ravine calls for serious attention.
The destruction of the iron chevaux-de-frise could not have taken place had a sufficient body of men been stationed close to it, and in the trenches of the Right and Left attacks commanding that point, and which were constructed expressly with a view to the defence of the ravine, and to prevent an enemy pushing up, and thereby placing himself in a position to turn the flank of either attack.
The general officers on duty in the Right and Left attack should be instructed to pay particular attention to the posting of sufficient men for the security of their flanks, which, resting upon the ravines, are open to attacks more easily than by any direct movement an enemy may endeavour to make in their front.
The reserve in the Right attack should be stationed in the 3d parallel, and in the Left attack in the 2d parallel.
The enemy ought not to be able to move a man up the Woronzoff Road, if advanced sentries, under vigilant and attentive officers, are properly posted. In all cases the trenches have been laid out with a view to defence, and ought to be manned according to their position, and importance of the object their fire is directed against. If attention is paid to these particulars, the trenches may be considered perfectly secure.
Everything depends upon the arrangements made by the general officers on duty, of the disposition of the guard of the trenches, and the vigilance of the officers in command of the advanced sentries.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, Commg. R.E.

438
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Memorandum.
5tli August 1855.
The undersigned general officers having assembled, in accordance with the orders of the generals in chief of the French and English armies, to arrange and give their advice on the question contained in a telegraphic despatch from the English Government, running thus—
“ Hold a council without delay with General Pelissier and the admirals, to consider the actual state of the siege, the chances of arriving at the destruction or the capture of the southern side of the town, and what it will be possible to do failing these two alternatives.”
On the destruction of the Town.
The undersigned think that if to destroy Sebastopol a great bombardment be attempted, the houses of the town, which are now much shattered, might be almost completely destroyed ; that the barracks and other military or public establishments might be also destroyed ; but that the damage to the building yards, docks, and other maritime establishments, the forts of the harbour, and in general the defences which give to the port of Sebastopol such great importance, will be easily repairable.
As to the vessels, which are partially disarmed, and which the enemy has taken care to protect from the little effect produced by the shells which have struck them, there is little hope of destroying them, as long as we are not masters of the place.
The undersigned consider that the destructive effect which could be obtained in Sebastopol by a bombardment cannot be considered as giving a satisfactory result in a military point of view.
On the capture of the south side of the Town.
The undersigned agree unanimously—
1. That as to the French attacks directed against the town, the approaches have been pushed as far as the position of the mines, the nature of the soil, and the power of the enemy’s artillery will permit. For some time the debris on this point is to the advantage of the Russians, who increase the obstacles in front of the Central Bastion and Bastion du Mat (bastions Nos. 4 and 5 of the Russians), which will have to be overcome.
2. That as to the attack directed on the great Redan (No. 3 bastion of the Russians) by the English—
The parapets of the Russian counter-approaches have been reversed, and the approach on the glacis
pushed as far as the fire of the place will permit, but it is at present stopped, and cannot approach the Redan nearer until the fire of the besiegers obtains a marked superiority over that of the enemy.
3. Lastly, as to the attack directed by the French against the Malakoff front, advantage has been taken of the undulations of the ground to advance on the Tower (Malakoff Bastion) and on the Careening Bay Redan, from which we are distant about 100 metres; but, far from being able to advance, several sap heads have to be abandoned, which are daily destroyed by the guns of the place, and the approaches cannot receive a proper development, or be pushed further in advance, until our artillery shall have acquired a superiority over that of the Russians.
As to the attack of the town and the Great Redan, all the batteries proposed to support the advances are finished, and supplied with ammunition. At the attack on the Malakoff front this is not the case, and we think that five or six days will still be necessary before those batteries which are now constructing, and whose completion ought to be awaited before the general opening of fire, can be finished.
With the assistance of these latter batteries, one may reckon on establishing in the attack of the Malakoff front, as has been done already on the side of the town, places-of-arms not further than 60 to 80 metres from the works to be attacked.
The undersigned do not think it possible or even advisable to push the attacks foot by foot to the descent of the ditch, for even were this descent practicable it is not through such a narrow passage that trocps could arrive in sufficient numbers to combat on advantageous terms with the forces which the Russians crowd in their works.
As to the chance of success which an attack by assault would have in making the troops attack from places- of-arms which should be established at 60 or 80 metres from the work—

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
439
The undersigned, who are ignorant of the projects of the generals-in-chief, cannot form any opinion, inasmuch as they depend, not only on overcoming the material obstacles, but also on the numerical force and the moral state of the garrison, and that an attack as above becomes a struggle between two armies, if the place is not invested.
Before Sebastopol, 5th August 1855.
General of Division commanding the Artillery of the French Army,
(Signed) A. Thiry.
General of Division commanding the Engineers of the 1st Corps of the French Army,
(Signed) Dalesmes.
General of Division commanding the Engineers of the French Army,
(Signed) Niel.
General of Brigade commanding Artillery of the 1st Corps of the French Army,
(Signed) Le Boeuf.
The General of Brigade commanding the Artillery of the 2d Corps of the French Army,
(Signed) Beuret.
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 7th August 1855.
The general officers of artillery and engineers of the French and English armies having assembled at General Jones’s hut,
The telegraphic message received by General Simpson was taken into consideration.
Their opinions are recorded in the annexed paper, which was signed by them in duplicate.
French.
General Thiry, General Beuret, General Le Boeuf, General Niel, General Dalesmes.
General Simpson, &c. &c. &c. Comdg.-in-Chief.
Memorandum.
There were present,
English. Colonel Dupuis, Colonel Adye, Major-General Jones.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Enginers.
Translation.
lass. The undersigned assembled to complete their opinions expressed in their conference of the Augant 7. 5th August, in consequence of a letter of this day’s date, from the general-in-chief of the French army to the general commanding the engineers of that army. It is stated in this letter that the memorandum of the 5tli August confines itself to generalities relative to two suppositions.
“ In that which relates to the capture of the south of the town, I do not see taken into account the
* employment of a very powerful auxiliary bombardment, or any notice as to the effects it might produce.
* It has explained that the engineer works have attained, under existing circumstances, the limit of possibility, but cannot the assistance of the artillery enable these works to be pushed still further with utility ? What will be the combined power of the artilleries of the two armies ? What can one expect from the effects of the

440
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
“ mortar batteries, of which the number and construction are fixed, and of which the armament alone is not “ yet complete ? How can one foresee their effects to be insufficient ? Why should they be completed, if this “ is a necessary consequence ?
“We are bound to action after a delay very nearly fixed.
“ The time is precious.”
In that which relates to the destruction of the town and the Russian fleet, when the undersigned expressed their opinions that a grand bombardment would not give a satisfactory result in a military point of view, they had not omitted to take into account the increase of 250 mortars (200 French and 50 English) which had been announced ; they thought that this increase would certainly render the destructive effects of a bombardment more prompt and complete, but that the capture of the place alone could give the means of arriving at a really efficacious destruction of the defences of the harbour and maritime establishments.
In the memorandum of the 5th August, the undersigned, in noticing the actual state of the approaches on the different points of attack, wish the generals-in-chief to understand that in five or six days, when the batteries in construction in front of the Malakoff shall have opened their fire, and when the engineers, under their protection, shall have pushed their trenches to about 60 or 80 metres of the enceinte of the side of the Karabelnaia suburb, as has been already done on the side of the town, that they will be in such a situation that an assault will bo given in the best circumstances to be hoped for. As long as the place is not invested that one cannot delay this assault without diminishing the chances of success. Without any doubt the 250 mortars announced will occasion the enemy great losses, cause great dismay in the interior defence of his works, especially in the interior intrenchments which are difficult to strike by direct fire, and will destroy a portion of his artillery equipments. But, on the other hand, it must not be forgotten that the great extent of the enceinte, the .absence of all population, and the great quantity of blindages already constructed by the besieged, will take away from the bombardment the great moral effect which it would produce in an ordinary place.
Lastly, it must not be lost sight of that when the attacks have approached the works the shells falling on the works of the place will send a large portion of thejr splinters into the trenches of the besiegers.
It is necessary also to remark, that the mortars announced will not be placed in batteries, and provided with ammunition, before two months, while we will be ready to give the assault in 10 or 12 days.
If their arrival is awaited there will then be a delay of more than one month, during which the enemy will be able to receive new reinforcements, and of which he will profit to increase still more the material obstacles which he accumulates daily with the greatest activity in rear of his enceinte.
It is after having weighed all these considerations that the undersigned are unanimously of opinion that if it is decided to give the assault without making an investment it ought to be given without any other delay than that which the completion of the batteries now in construction will require, and the advance of the approaches to about 60 or 80 metres of the works.
Whatever may be the result of this assault, the mortars will be employed, on their arrival, either to complete the destruction of the south side of the place, if we are not yet entirely master of it, or to assist in the siege of the forts of the north side, and in case of the failure of the assault to annoy the garrison in making him suffer daily losses.
In answer to the question, “How can it be foreseen that the effect of the mortar batteries would be “ insufficient ?” the undersigned beg to remark, that the action of mortars does not give a means of opening the enceinte, and from the motives expressed above one cannot hope that the bombardment will suffice to make the governor of Sebastopol sign a capitulation, if he has any energy.
As to the means of increasing the action of the mortars, if this was necessary, the undersigned do not see any other means than the investment of the place, which would prevent the garrison from repairing his losses and renewing his supplies of food and stores.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
441
The undersigned make a final observation; that is, that if the assault is to be adjourned it is necessary to put off the new advances in the attack on the Karabelnaia suburb, whose execution will entail necessarily great losses, and which will oblige the guards of the trenches to remain under the close fire of the place. Before Sebastopol, 7th August 1855.
General of Division Commanding the Engineers of the French Army,
(Signed) Niel.
General of Division Commanding the Engineers of the 1st Corps of the French Army,
(Signed) Dalesmes.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones, Major-General, Comdg. Royal Engineers.
General of Division Commanding Artillery of the French Army,
(Signed) Tiiiry.
General of Brigade Commanding Artillery of the 1st Corps, French Army,
(Signed) Le Boecf.
At this period of the siege, and when the capture of the place before winter might be considered doubtful, the subject of a position for the army was brought under the notice of the Commander of the Forces in a memorandum of which the following is a copy :—
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 7th August 1855.
Before the information required by the letter of the Commander of the Forces dated 31st July 1855 can be given, it becomes necessary to know what will be the position to be held by the army during the winter. Under any circumstances, either of the capture of the place or of raising the siege, a new disposition must be made of the camps of the several divisions, as the ground now occupied by them is not suited to defence.
Supposing the place to be captured, it will not be prudent to attempt to place a garrison in it, exposed as it would be to the fire of heavy artillery from the forts on the north side, and open to attack from the Inkerman Heights, entailing the necessity of keeping up a very large force to guard this flank of the position.
Before proceeding further with this subject, it may be proper to ask the question, who and what will be the numbers of troops to occupy and hold the great extent of ground on which the English and French troops are now encamped ? The latter being employed in forming an entrenched camp near to Kamiescli, it may be presumed that the French Commander-in-Cliief will concentrate his troops there as much as possible, in order to be near his depot, and withdraw all his troops which are now on these heights, and which protect the right flank of the English, who will thereby be left entirely to themselves.
The position to be held must be a defensive one, because, even supposing the place taken and destroyed, there will be the Russian army in the field to be observed.
Having attentively examined the ground between Sebastopol and the “ Col,” there is not any portion which could be occupied that would not require a very large force to maintain it, and under very disadvantageous circumstances. It would require to be strictly watched and strongly guarded, entailing heavy duties of outposts upon the army ; and the army itself must always be ready for action, and at a long distance from its supplies. Looking at it in this point of view, and considering all the difficulties of holding such ground, for position it can scarcely be called, my attention has been directed to find a line which could safely be held by the English army. Such a line presents itself on the high ground between the “ Col ” and Monastery. This line would be “ en potence ” to the lines of the Balaclava position, and in fact form part of it. The features of this line are bold and commanding, and with a ravine running in front of and covering the left.
The ground appears to be a light gravel, and water apparently will be found in the immediate neighbourhood. There is abundant space within this line on which the army can be encamped with ease. It may be said that this involves a total break up of all the existing camps, and the removal of all the huts which have been
3 K

442
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
erected. This cannot be avoided. It is secondary to the safety of the army, which is the first and greatest consideration, and which demands immediate attention.
Upon being honoured with his Excellency’s decision the information required shall be furnished without delay.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer.
Right Attack.
The work performed was principally confined to the improvements of the cover in the advanced trenches, and forming traverses in the Quarries and approaches thereto.
Fixed Russian loopholes (in wood) in the direction of the enemy’s embrasures. Miners employed in blasting rock to form parapets of communication.
Left Attack-.
Continuation from first parallel to batteries 10 and 16 in progress.
Converted a portion of the right demi-parallel into a battery for two guns, to fire down Woronzoff Ravine. Making a communication by double sap to place-of-arms in advance of fourth parallel. This is entirely through rock.
Upwards of 80 miners employed in the two attacks in blasting rock.
On the early part of the night of the 2d, the enemy made a sortie, and pushed up the Woronzoff Road until they reached the iron chevaux-de-frise which had been placed across the road and as far up the sides of the gully as could be accomplished. This brought him to a halt. The fire from the Picquet in the ravine, and also from the flanks of the two attacks, compelled him to retire, but not before he had destroyed the greater part of the chevaux-de-frise, and carried off half a dozen barrels of it, 36 feet in length.
From the heavy columns seen in the ravine as well as on the high ground above it on the right flank of the Redan, there is no doubt but a serious attack was intended against the Quarries.
On the 3d instant, Captain Montague, R.E., who had been taken prisoner in the sortie on the 23d March, rejoined the army, having been exchanged. He expresses himself very grateful to the Russians for their treatment of him during his captivity.
On the 7th, dense clouds of dust, which passed away in about 20 minutes, followed by light showers of rain. The weather extremely hot, sultry, and most oppressive.
The progress generally has been slow, caused by the brightness of the moon, and the very heavy rains which fell for some days, and also from the powerful fire kept up at night upon the working parties, causing many casualties.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
443
Left Attack.
1855 .
August 8, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WOEKING PAETV.
Line . . . . ^
Sappers . . . Blasters . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 143 men.
2d relief, 200 „
49 men.
49 men.
Capt. Montague, R-E.
Fifty-six men draining the third and fourth parallels ; 29 men improving cover and raising parapet in front of No. 7 battery ; 20 men building No. 17 battery ; 12 men clearing trencli and building banquette in fifth parallel; two men finishing the traverse between guns 8 and 9 of Nos. 14 battery with a course of fascines ; 10 men completing traverse on right of battery, No. 15 ; 14 men assisting carpenters in bringing down timbers and taking up mortar platforms in No. 13 battery.
2d Relief.
Twenty men rolling large stones down on the right of No. 17 battery, and thickening parapet ; 40 men making drains in rear of No. 16 battery, building- traverse or parapet communicating with trench between first and second parallels, and widening passage round the right traverse ; 30 men deepening new trench on left of No. 12 battery, and repairing revetment of parapet on the right; two men clearing out the drains from spring in the second parallel ; six men making hut for the surgeon ; 10 men building right traverse in No. 15 battery ; 73 men clearing- trench and improving cover between third and fourth parallel; four men finishing traverses in No. 4 battery ; 15 men carrying timbers and collecting tools.
Privates M. Hall and J. Fraser, 8th Company, slightly wounded.
Right Attack.
WoEKING PABTY. r • < 1st relief, 378 men.
Mine .... £ 2d relief, 400 „
Vnnner* f lst relief, 15 men.
tappers. . . | 2d relief, 14 „
Officer on duty { Li « u | HUMABESQ,
1st Relief
Paving fourth parallel, one corporal, four Sappers, and 150 men.
Cesspools, fourth parallel, one Sapper and 50 men.
Right approach k to the fourth parallel from No. 19 battery, 20 men ; magazine of No. 20 battery, one Sapper, 30 men, employed at the drains ; No. 17 battery, one corporal of Sappers and 30 men ; the men were carrying earth up in wheelbarrows, and throwing it over the parapet; fifth parallel, one Sapper, 30 men, improving the trench ; one Sapper, 10 men, collecting powder barrels.
In Egerton’s pit e, 30 men and two Sappers employed paving it.
In approach to the left of the Quarries, two Sappers, 28 men, deepening the trench and heightening the parapets.
1855 .
August 8, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
2d Relief.
At the cesspool in Right approach to the fourth parallel, one Sapper, 20 men, to deepen it two feet.
At the drains of No. 20 battery magazine, one Sapper, 30 men, to complete the drains.
No. 17 battery, one corporal of Sappers, one Sapper and 30 men, employed placing the mantlets in front of the embrasure, and getting earth from the reverse side of the battery, and throwing it over the parapet.
In No. 20 battery, one Sapper, 10 men, placing the gabions in the new embrasures ; in the fifth parallel, two Sappers, 50 men, repairing parts near the Quarry on the right; fourth parallel, two Sappers, 50 men, paving the low ground near the Quarries ; one corporal, one Sapper and 50 men, employed clearing and repairing the drains through the parapet from No. 19 to No. 21 gun battery ; one Sapper, 50 men, repairing defective parts of the fourth parallel ; in the Left approach to the Quarries, one Sapper and 20 men repairing shot holes and improving the drains ; one Sapper, 50 men, employed heightening the screen wall of the latrine in the Left approach to the Quarries; one Sapper, 40 men, employed clearing out and cutting drains in the Quarries to the left of the mortar and Coeliorn battery.
3 k 2

444
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
"Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 22 „
Officer on duty { CHAPMAN. 20th
Four Sappers, 60 men, in the fifth parallel, clearing trench of stone blasted by miners, building a traverse, and thickening parapet ; one Sapper, 10 men, on the extreme right, fifth parallel, excavating trench and thickening parapet; three Sappers, 10 men, building traverse and improving cover in centre of fifth parallel; two Sappers, 20 men, clearing communication from third to fourth parallel ; one Sapper, 15 men, carrying out gabions, and revetting parapet of said communication, and forming banquette ; No. 17 battery, three Sappers, 60 men, clearing trench of stones, thickening parapet, and increasing terrepleine,building a wall on right flank ; No. 10 battery, one Sapper, 10 men, revetting right cheek of embrasure destroyed by a shell ; four Sappers nnd 20 men in double sap communication, fifth parallel, clearing trench, thickening parapet, and repairing damages ; one Sapper and 60 sailors at communication from first parallel to No. 10 battery.
No casualties occurred to any of the working party, though at times the shelling was heavy.
Wounded, C rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 85°.
Right Attack.
Remarks.
At about 4 o’clock a storm came over the advanced trenches, and the rain was so heavy that the men could not work ; they resumed work at 20 minutes past.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Elphikstone ,
1. Fifth parallel, 40 men repairing shot holes and thickening parapet, near the gravel pit, in the hollow.
2. Right approach m to fifth parallel, 50 men throwing over the earth that had been collected during the daytime ; and generally heightening parapet, likewise constructing a drain for the purpose of clearing the trench of water hereafter, 30 men.
3. Fourth parallel, repairing’shot holes, and throwing over earth of the previous day, 45 men ; on the extreme right a drain to the front was commenced, and completed on the left, where it joins the Quarries, 30 men ; the drain commenced previously was continued and completed, 40 men.
4. No. 17 battery, 50 men continued to carry earth from the rear and throw over parapet, which was heightened nbout one and a half feet. The traverse in the centre was laid out and commenced.
5. No. 20 battery, 15 men, epaulment on the right was continued, and a trench cut to communicate to the front with the short Russian trench.
6. No. 18 battery, cutting a drain to the rear, to prevent any future accumulation of water in the battery, 30 men.
7. Right communication to fourth parallel, 15 men ; the cesspool was continued (deepened about two and a quarter feet) and shot holes repaired.
8. Left communication n to No. 19 battery, deepening the drain to the front, 15 men.
9. Nos. 9 and 14 batteries, generally repairing and revetting the embrasures, and placing the battery in fighting order, 40 men.
10. Three Sappers were detailed as sentries over the different depots of tools, and the remainder were distributed among the working parties, for general superintendence.
1S55.
August 8, Night.
8 F.H. to 2 A.M.
1855.
August 8, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
445
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
11. The enemy fired rather heavily during the night-time, and considerably injured the parapets of the fourth and fifth parallels, which obliged me to place a larger working party in them than I should otherwise have done. The casualties were, however, not many ; about nine in the working party.
The enemy seems to have a particular fancy for firing at the second gun from the left of No. 14 battery.
I regret to state that the men, upon the whole, performed very little work this night ; and I have to report that a detachment composed of several men of three regiments left the place at which I had posted them, viz., on the left of the fourth parallel, cutting a drain to the front, and refused to return to their places, although frequently urged to do so by the Sapper in charge.
I believe 200 gabions were sent from the park ; merely 190 reached their destination.
Some of the gabions had been sent previously, and the remainder of the men carried sandbags.
(Signed) A. Cooke,
Capt. R.E.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 32 rank and file.
Naval BrigadeKilled, 1 seaman. Wounded, 2 seamen.
Day fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 85°.
1855.
August 9, Day.' 4 a.m. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 PAT.
Working- Party.
Line . ... ^ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 154 mcu.
2d relief, 163 „
18 men.
Lieut. Joxes, 46th Regt.
1st Relief.
1855.
August 9, Day.
4 a.m. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . , .
Sappers . . . Carpenters . Line miners . Officer on duty
fist relief, 300 men.
12d relief, 300 „
16 men.
8 „
34 „
f Cagt. De Moletns,
Detail.
No. 17 battery, 20 men and 10 Sappers, collecting soft earth and rock, ready to be thrown over at night; No. 15 battery, 10 men and one Sapper finishing traverse on right; No. 13 battery, 10 men and one Sapper clearing for mortar platform on left; one sergeant, Royal Sappers and Miners, and 46 men, repairing the banquette, parapet, &c., in fourth parallel ; doctors’ hut in rear of No. 7 battery, 10 men and two Sappers ; eight men carrying wood out to the front.
Two men assisting cooper mending barrels ; one Sapper, 24 men, repairing cover and parapet of communications in front of No. 7 battery, and working
1. Fifth parallel, 50 men in each relief collecting earth in heaps, to be thrown over at night.
2. Right approach m to fifth parallel, same work, 40 men, 1st relief.
3. Fourth parallel, 100 men in each relief repairing parapet, deepening trench, &c.
4. Forming parapet of No. 17 battery on left, 1st and 2d reliefs, 30 men.
5. No. 20 battery, 1st and 2d reliefs, 10 men forming embrasures ; forming drain to magazine, 1st and 2d relief, 10 men.
6. Right approach k to fourth parallel, forming cesspool, 1st and 2d reliefs, 20 men.

446
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
•at mortar battery No. 20, on left of No. 7 ; one Sapper ancl 28 blasters working in fifth parallel, No. 16 battery ; 20 men and one Sapper widening passage round traverse on right, and filling up solid between traverse and parapet.
2d Relief.
Owing to the rain there was very little work done this afternoon.
One sergeant, Royal Sappers and Miners, and 30 men, were working at same work as this morning in fourth parallel.
No. 17 battery, 30 men collecting earth and soft stone.
No. 16 batteiy, 30 men widening passage round traverse, and raising wall at right angle ; nothing could be done in the way of draining ; 30 men working at space in front of No. 7 battery. Very heavy shelling in afternoon ; one casualty.
1855.
August 9, Night.
7 F.M. to 2 A.M.
Wobking Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 20 „
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, R.A.
1. Seventy-five men employed in the fifth purullcl clearing trench of stones quarried by the miners, making traverses, and thickening parapet, and clearing drains.
2. Fifty men employed in No. 17 battery to thicken parapet and build wall on right of the battery.
3. Fifty-five employed making trench and connecting rifle pits on the left of the fifth parallel.
4. Twenty men in centre communication to fifth parallel, to thicken parapet on left of double sap.
One man slightly wounded.
A heavy fire of shell and grape on the advanced trenches of the Right (English) attack, also on the Woronzoff Road party, with grenades from mortars. Several light-balls thrown just in front of the advanced trench, Right attack, and a few in front of fifth parallel, Left attack, followed by grape.
The enemy were carrying shot into the ‘Creek battery in carts, about 1 o’clock a.m.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 80°.
Right Attack.
7. Communication from Quarries to fifth parallel, repairing parapets and traverses, 1st and 2d reliefs, 20 men.
8. Collecting casks, 1st and 2d reliefs, 10 men ; sinking do., to hold water, 1st and 2d reliefs, 18 men.
9. No. 9 battery, resetting gabions and repairing parapet, 2d relief, 40 men.
The carpenters were employed, one brigade in No. 7 battery, relaying a platform, one brigade in No. 10 battery, doing the same.
The miners were employed in the Eight approach to fifth parallel, and two of them were slightly wounded.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence.
The working parties worked well, and were scarcely annoyed at all by the enemy.
I am only aware of two casualties, which occurred in the fourth parallel.
The Russians were at work on the top of Fort Constantine, apparently forming a parapet of earth on top of the masonry.
1855.
August 9, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Wobking Pasty.
Line .... 400 mon.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Andeeson, It.L.
Ono hundred mon carrying platform limbol- and magazine frames from Royal Engineer park to first parallel.
This party was detained, from the heavy ground, and did not arrive at the 21-gun battery until nearly 1 a.m. ; they were in consequence not available for any other service.*
Sixty men collecting stone in Quarries for building a wall and traverse ; 50 men continuing No. 17 battery ; 40 men assisting the Sappers in rerevetting the embrasures, No. 14 battery ; 30 men making a drain in No. 18 battery ; 30 men in No. 19 battery, resetting gabions ; 40 men making a drain in communication from the well to No. 19 battery ; 40 men making a drain in communication m between fourth and fifth parallels ; 10 men making a cesspit in communication k from No. 19 battery to fourth parallel. Nothing extraordinary. The working parties worked satisfactorily.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 18 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 80°,
* This would appear to require some explanation from the officer in command of party.
(Signed) F. E. Chapman, Lieut.-Col., K.E.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
447
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 10, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.H.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Workixg Parti.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men 2d relief, 200 „
47 men.
Lieut. DoyyELLT,
R.E.
1st Relief.
No. 17 battery, 20 men thickening parapet and making traverse ; No. 16 battery, 10 men widening passage round traverse ; 60 men draining third and fourth parallels ; 30 men improving communication in front of No. 7 battery ; No. 13 battery, 10 men excavating for another mortar on left; 20 men making surgeons’ hut on the right of No. 7 battery, and carrying timber for the carpenters.
2d Relief.
No. 17 battery, 30 men,
No. 16 battery, 30 men,
No. 13 battery, 10 men,
Third and fourth parallels, 50 men, occupied the same as in 1st relief.
Communication in front of No. 7 battery, 40 men.
Twenty men draining left of second parallel; 20 men at surgeons’ hut.
There was some very heavy firing in the afternoon between six and seven o’clock and also in the morning ; four men wore killed and six wounded.
Working Party.
1855.
August 10, Day, 4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 PM. to 7 P.M.
I Line . .
Sappers . Officer on duty
1st relief, 215 men. 2d relief, 250 „
1st relief, 19 „
2d relief, 24 ,,
Capt. Sedley, E.E.
1st Relief.
Three brigades of Sappers employed in general supervision.
Men of the Line, 215, distributed as follows :—
Six Sappers, 50 men, making a wall and traverse in the Quarries.
One Sapper, 50 men, draining the Right approaches from the 21-gun battery.
One Sapper, 15 men, forming a cesspool in the Right approach from battery No. 19 ; three Sappers, 50 men, forming banquette, &c., in fifth parallel; one Sapper, 30 men, revetting No. 19 battery ; two Sappers, 20 men, in the communication n from battery No. 19, to wells, &c. ; three Sappers as sentries.
2d Relief.
Sappers, three brigades, men of the Line, 250 employed as follows :—
Right doctors’ hut, one Sapper and six men.
Loft doctors’ hut, one Sapper and 10 men.
Magazine, No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 10 men.
Revetting battery No. 19, one Sapper and 30 men.
Traverse in Quarries, building it, &c., two Sappers, 30 men ; carrying from the 21-gun battery to the doctors’ hut, one Sapper, 30 men; making banquette in fifth parallel, two Sappers and 50 men ; making new battery between Nos. 17 and 20 in Quarries, one Sapper and 30 men ; forming a gun road to No. 17 battery, one Sapper and 20 men; Right approach m to fifth parallel, making good parapet, two Sappers and 24 men ; cesspool in Right approach one Sapper and 10 men ; three Sappers as sentries.
The enemy kept up a heavy fire during the afternoon, particularly when our own batteries opened fire. The men working in the Quarry batteries were thus interrupted, and had two casualties amongst the 30 ; but everywhere else the fire of the enemy caused no difference to the working parties.
I must bring to your notice that if measures are not taken for preventing the guards of the trenches from sticking their bayonets, muskets, and sticks

448
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
WOBKINO PaBTT.
Line .... 196 men.
Sappers ... 23 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
A party of 35 men were employed in No. 17 battery, thickening the parapet; a party of 10 men were employed repairing shot holes on the left of the fourth parallel ; 15 men were engaged in removing stone, &c. blasted by miners, to thicken the parapet; 50 men were at front, employed on the centre communication to the fifth parallel to the right; I withdrew 20 men of this party into the fourth parallel, as the enemy commenced firing musketry, leaving the remainder under cover of the gabions, of which they placed and filled 28 ; four men of the 20 I withdrew into the fourth parallel, and two of the covering party were wounded severely by the explosion of a shell ; 30 men were employed on the right of the fifth parallel, extending it towards the left; this party placed and filled 21 gabions.
Fifty-four men were employed in clearing trench after miners in the Right approach to the fifth parallel, in building up traverse and completing drain.
I gave directions for the parties going to the fourth and fifth parallel to take out a gabion between every two men, with their tools ; the party of 75 on the left of the fourth parallel, and in the centre communication to fifth parallel, and for work in front, only brought 18 between them, and the party of 84 on the right of the fifth parallel and in Right approach to fifth parallel only brought out 21 gabions, with their tools, the officer in command considering it sufficient.
These gabions are a portion of a number condemned at the Eight attack as useless for regular approaches, but answer us very well to obtain quick cover.
(Signed) G. Bent.
Nothing of importance happened during the night.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind E. Thermometer in shade 90°.
1855.
August lO, Night.
81 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Right Attack.
into the sandbags which are placed on the top of the parallels, which is the custom with them at present, to form rests for sunshades, that great injury will arise to the parapets, and indeed has already.
1855.
August 10, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOEKINO PABTT.
Line .... 290 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Major Stanton, It.E.
Detail.
Collecting stone from the rear of the Quarries, and building up wall, &c. in do., 50 men; cutting a drain through parapet, &c. in fourth parallel, 40 men ; No. 17 battery, collecting earth and improving parapet, 50 men ; cutting drain in No. 18 battery, 30 men ; cutting drain in Left communication to No. 19 battery, 30 men ; repairing embrasures in Nos. 3, 4, and 5 batteries, 40 men ; cutting drain in Right approach to fifth parallel, and carrying earth, 30 men ; making cesspit in Right approach to fourth parallel, 10 men ; repairing shot holes in the fifth parallel, 10 men.
One brigade of Sappers employed in batteries Nos. 3, 4, and 5 at the embrasures, &c., and two brigades generally superintending.
The enemy kept up a constant fire of shot, shell, and grape throughout the night, but the work was satisfactory, notwithstanding, and the working parties behaved very well.
A party of 100 men arrived in the first parallel at about half past 10 o’clock, carrying material from the park, but as it was so late in the evening, and in consequence of the heavy fire kept up by the enemy, I did not employ them on the works; they therefore left the trenches about 11 o’clock.
The enemy having found out the position of the party working at the drain in the fourth parallel, opened such a heavy fire on them that I withdrew them about 12 o’clock, and set them to work repairing some of the damages caused by the enemy’s shot.
No movement of troops or working parties was noticed in the enemy’s lines, and nothing occurred worthy of particular notice.
The casualties amongst the working parties were as under.
Killed, 9 rank and file. Wounded, 1 ofilcer, 35 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind E. Thermometer in shade 90°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
449
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1355.
August 11, Day*
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 T.M.
'W’obkixg Piety.
Line . , Sappers. Officer on
duty £
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
14 men.
Major Chapman, 20th Regt.
1st Relief.
Sixty men, under tlie direction of Sergeant Jervois, draining ; 20 men excavating doctors’ hut; 70 men, 2d parallel, excavating for new mortar battery No. 18.
2d Relief.
20 men carrying mantlets ; No. 17 battery, 20 men increasing cover and continuing excavations; 78 men draining ; 82 men excavating for new mortar battery, second parallel.
I observed movements amongst the enemy’s troops on the north side of the harbour.
1855.
-August 11, night.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Carpenters . Officer on duty
fist relief, 200 men.
12d relief, 200 „ fist relief, 16 „
12d relief, 16 „
8 men.
f Lieut. Somerville, l R.E.
1st Relief.
Two brigades of Sappers generally superintending, and two brigades of carpenters.
Carrying from depot 21-gun battery, 10 men; doctors’ liut'on right, excavating, 6 men; clearing out and deepening drains in Left approaches, 40 men ; No. 17 battery, wheeling earth and forming parapet to right of battery, 50 men ; right communication m to otli parallel, making up banquettes, 14 men ; 5th parallel, making up banquettes, 40 men ; collecting barrels, 10 men ; 3d parallel, repairing shot holes, 10 men; 4th parallel, repairing shot holes, 10 men.
The enemy fired several round shot during the relief at this party, and made more shot holes in the parapet.
Right approach k from No. 19 battery to 4th parallel in cesspit, 10 men.
At 7.15 I sanctioned the withdrawal of the party from No. 17 battery, in consequence of an incessant and well-directed fire against them from two Coeliorn mortars in the salient of the Redan, which effectually prevented work.
2d Relief.
Repairing shot holes near cesspool, Right approach k to 4th parallel, 1 Sapper and 10 men.
Right approach m from 4th to 5th parallel, making banquette and carrying earth in baskets, 1 Sapper and 28 men ; shell hole near magazine of No. 9 battery, 1 Sapper 10 men ; traverse near No. 8, rebuilding a corner, 1 Sapper 10 men ; clearing advanced trenches of stones, &c., 1 Sapper and 20 men ; doctors’ hut (Right), excavating, 1 Sapper and 6 men ; doctors’ hut (Left), revetting traverse and draining, 1 Sapper and 10 men; No. 17 battery, wheeling earth and forming parapet, 1 Sapper and 30 men.
Left of Quarries, filling in parapet with earth from rear, and heightening traverse, 1 Sapper and 30 men ; building right wall of the same traverse with stones from rear, 1 Sapper and 20 men.
3 i.

450
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.,
1855.
August 11, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer on duty Capt. Montagu, R.E.
Thickening parapet in front of No. 17 battery, 35 men ; clearing out the trench of 5th parallel of the loose stone left by miners, and building up traverses, 40 men. This party was under Corporal Cray, Royal Sappers and Miners, and worked very well.
Excavating earth from rear of trench in the right of the 5tli parallel, and thickening parapet, 20 men ; extending 5th parallel by flying sap, only 22 gabions placed, 50 men. There were six casualties in the party working here, and several men of the covering party wounded.
The firing brought upon this work, and the taking the wounded men home, prevented much work being done here.
Centre communication j j 2 , clearing out earth in narrow cut, widening passage, and thickening traverse, 15 men ; communication between batteries Nos. 12 and 11, deepening trench already commenced, and continuing it towards No. 11 battery, 40 men.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind E. Thermometer in shade 90°.
August 12, Say.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . ^ Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 180 „
1st relief, 98 „
2d relief, 7 „ Lieut. Neville, R.E.
No. 16 battery, one Sapper and ten men deepening cut round traverse on the right and building up the traverses ; fourth, third, and second parallels, four Sappers, 60 men, employed in making banquettes, revetting parapets, and draining.
Right Attack.
Making ramps for guns to No. 20 battery, 1 Sapper .and 16 men.
Carrying party, 1 Sapper and 10 men. 3 Sappers as sentries.
WoEKING PABTY.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duly { Campbell, 46th
Detail.
New communication r from approach to Quarries to 4th parallel.
100 men, 5th parallel.
50 men, No. 17 battery.
50 men, wall and traverse.
In Quarries, 50 men.
Drain in Left approach to No. 19 batteiy, 30 men ; carrying frame work of Right doctors’ hut, 20 men ; road for artillery near No. 19 battery, 10 men ; Right doctors’ hut, 12 men ; No. 19 battery, levelling parapet, 16 men ; drain in fourth parallel, 12 men ; fourth parallel, 20 men ; repairing embrasures, 30 men.
Three brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
A heavy lire was kept up, and many light-balls thrown.
Only two casualties occurred amongst the working parties.
The new parapet and traverse of No. 17 batteiy was raised nearly a foot, and 50 men can work there now by daylight.
I was unable to re-arrange properly the hanging of the mantlets in No. 17 battery, as they are too large for the purpose.
The platform of No. 4 gun in No. 13 battery was much damaged by a shell during the night.
. Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind E. Thermometer in shade 90°.
1855.
August XI, Day.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
August 12, Day.
4 A.M. to 8 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . £ Officer on duty
1st relief, 260 men.
2d relief, 236 „
1st relief, 12 „
2d relief, 13 „
Lieut. Lumaresq, R.E.
1st Relief.
One Sapper, 50 men, in fifth parallel, improving cover, &c. ; one Sapper, 50 men, in new communication r to fourth parallel ; two Sappers, 30 men, buildiug traverses and wall in the Quarries ; two

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
451
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
No. 17 battery, two Sappers, 20 men, building up parapet, &c.
Parapet in front of No. 7 batteiy, one Sapper, 30 men, raising it, &c., and improving communication.
Doctors’ hut, two Sappers, eight men, excavating and draining ; remainder assisting the miners in fourth and fifth parallels and collecting stones.
In the evening, at about six o’clock, I observed a large working party, two steamers, and a great many men-of-war boats, busily employed near Fort Nicholas. I requested the artillery officer commanding No. 13 batteiy to fire, with a range of 2,800 yards. He succeeded in throwing shells close to the fort and into the garden immediately below the fort. I am convinced that the communication across the harbour might be seriously interfered with by shells from this battery.
The Russians only fired one shot up to the camp after No. 13 opened.
1855.
August 12, Hlgbt.
7 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 204 men.
Sajtpers ... \
bailors ... 45 „
fCapt. Penn, K.A.
Officers on duty 1 Lieut. Jones, 46th (. Rcgt.
1. Ninety men employed on the right of the fifth parallel, clearing trench of stones quarried, and to thicken parapet.
2. Ten men making rifle-pit z l z 2 overlooking Picket-house in Woronzoff Road.
3. Twenty men cutting passage for field gun from the third parallel.
4. Twenty men employed in No. 17 battery to revet and open embrasures, also to thicken parapet.
5. Twenty men in' No. 7 boyau to deepen trench.
6. Twenty-five. men in No. 14 batteiy to open embrasures.
7. Fifteen men in No. 16 batteiy to open embrasures.
No casualties.
The enemy had working parties employed in or near the Creek Battery, also in the right flank of the Redan, where they drove timber for some time.
■Wounded, 7 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 90°.
Sappers, 20 men, repairing shot holes in parapet; one corporal, two Sappers, and 50 men employed in No. 17 battery ; one Sapper and ten men employed collecting barrels ; two Sappers, 20 men, Right approach m to fifth parallel ; 30 men deepening Left approach to the Quarries.
2d Relief.
Two Sappers, 40 men, employed draining Nos. 9 and 14 batteries; one Sapper, 30 men, employed in No. 17 battery; at the doctors’ hut on the Left, one Sapper ; one Sapper, 10 men, placing barrels on the top of the traverses; improving the Caves in the Right approaches from the 21-gun battery, two Sappers and 50 men ; Left approaches, clearing the drains, two Sappers and 30 men ; carrying magazine timbers for No. 20 battery, one Sapper and 10 men ; building wall and traverse in Quarries, two Sappers, 30 men ; new approach to the rear of the Quarries, one Sapper, 50 men.
Cesspit in Right approach k to fourth parallel, one Sapper, six men.
Working Party.
Uno .... 100 raon.
Sappers ... 24
Officer on duty Lieut. Brine, E.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and repairing embrasures Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6 batteries ; and the working party of 400 men was, till 10.30 p.m., occupied in carrying stores from Right and Left attack camps to No. 3 battery ; repairing embrasures Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6 batteries, seven Sappers and 40 men; improving drain in approach n from third parallel to No. 19 battery, one Sapper and 10 men ; improving ramp for 'passage of artillery in same approach, one Sapper and 10 men ; throwing up earth, No. 19 batteiy, one Sapper and 20 men ; improving drain in approach m from fourth parallel, one Sapper and six men ; collecting earth, and throwing it over parapet of approach m from fourth to fifth parallel, one Sapper and 24 men ; fourth parallel, carrying earth to weak parts, and throwing over, one Sapper and 30 men ; fourth parallel, making drain near Quarries good, one Sapper and 10 men ; Quarries, throwing earth against stone wall, one Sapper and 30 men ■; Quarries, carrying stones from rear to front, and ■forming traverse,
3 i, 2
1855.
August 12, nrigut.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

452
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
No. 20 battery, three Sappers and 80 men; No. 17 battery, heightening parapet, and thickening it, one Sapper and 40 men ; new approach r from trench between Egerton’s rifle-pit e and Quarries to fourth parallel, two Sappers and 100 men.
During the night the fire from the enemy was much less than usual of late, but I regret to say the casualties amongst the artillery and guards of the trenches were more numerous than would have been expected.
In the ditch of the Redan working parties were plainly to be heard.
To-day being a Russian festival, a general attack was expected, aud in consequence more artillery was ordered to the front and the guard of the trenches was nearly doubled.
By Sir Colin Campbell’s desire, the special working party of 400 men was kept in the trenches till after five o’clock this morning, as a reinforcement.
Both a general’s and doctors’ hut are required more to the front. The former’s hut is now-a-days too much to the rear ; he ought, at night, as most of the generals themselves state, to be nearer at hand. As good a situation as any I know for these two huts, if materials can be spared, is in the new communication r in rear of the Quarries running from the trench leading from Egerton’s rifle-pit to the Quarries to the Left commencement of the fourth parallel.
Water was again last night very scarce in the front.
Wounded, 7 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 90°.
1855.
August 13. Say.
4 A.M. tO 8 .A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 3P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
39 men.
Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
1st relief.
Sixty men employed in the third and fourth parallel, draining, an d improving cover ; 20 men at No. 17 battery, collecting earth to thicken parapet ; 20 men improving cover of communication in front of No. 7 battery ; 10 men draining down sixth boyau; 24 men repairing traverse in No. 9 battery ; 10 men assisting miners in fifth parallel; 16 men collecting tools and materials.
1855.
August 13, Say.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
WOEKING FAETT.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . | Carpenters . . £ Officer on duty |
1st relief, 293 men.
2U relief, 390 „
1st relief, 16 „
2d relief, 16 „
1st relief, 12 „
2d relief, 12 „
Lieut. Elphiksioxe. K.E.
1. Right approach m, fourth to fifth parallel, deepening and widening trench, and repairing shot holes, 1st relief, 30 men.
2. Fourth parallel, clearing trenches and repairing shot holes, and improving cover on extreme right, 1st relief, 100 men, 2d relief, 50.
3. Fifth parallel, clearing trench and repairing shot holes, 2d relief.
4. Left approach to fifth parallel in front of Quarries, repairing parapets, and heightening the end traverse

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
453
Left Attack.
2d relief.
Third and fourth parallels, 60 men.
No. 17 battery, 30 men.
No. 7 battery, 30 men
No. 9 battery, 40 men.
Twenty men filling sandbags in centre communication to fifth parallel ; 20 men collecting tools and materials.
At about 5 p.m. the Russians commenced an extremely heavy fire of guns and mortars on No. 17 battery, wounding some of the working party, which I withdrew, and set to work on the right of No. 16 battery.
The officer in command of the trenches withdrew the party working on the left of the fourth parallel, in consequence of the heavy fire, at about the same time.
I observed that two of the guns which the Russians fire at the Royal Engineer and the Fifth Division camps are immediately in rear of the Lower Garden batteries, between the Point Battery and the one next above it.
Right Attack.
in the second boyau y so as to defilade more completely the trench from the Garden Batteries, 2d relief, 30 men.
5. Quarries, continuing the construction of traverse on left of the Quarries, and forming ramps or banquettes, 1st relief, 10 men, 2d relief, 20 men.
6. New communication connecting the Right and Left approach to Quarries, widening the same three and a half feet, and deepening six inches, 1st relief, 80 men, 2d relief, 78 men.
7. No. 19 battery, forming steps along the parapet, 2d relief, 30 men.
8. No. 17 battery, collecting earth, placing, and commencing to fill a second row of gabions along the right half portion, and thickening parapet, 1st relief, 40 men, 2d relief, 30 men.
9. Improving the approach to the fourth parallel, filling up shot holes, and widening the further end, 2d relief, 80 men.
10. Commencing the construction of several drains in No. 14 battery, but obliged to discontinue, in consequence of the heavy firing, 2d relief, 12 men.
11. Collecting powder barrels and hoop iron, and carrying the same to the depot in the 21-gun battery, 1st and 2d relief, 10 men.
12. Carrying down frames, &c. from No. 14 battery to the Quarries, 1st relief, 25 men.
13. No. 9 battery, magazine, and doctors’ hut adjoining, were continued, 1st relief, two brigades carpenters, 2d relief, two brigades carpenters and 20 men.
14. The third brigade of carpenters were employed in general repairs of platforms ; three Sappers were placed as sentries over the several depots of tools} the remainder were generally superintending the working parties of the Line.
The miners complained very much _of the badness of the fuze (gutta percha) with which they were supplied. Three blasts “ failed ” while I was present, and the “ holes ” had in consequence to be “ rebored.” The fuze seems partially rotten, and damp has penetrated to the powder in many places.
The enemy’s fire was very heavy about four o’clock this afternoon. It continued so for about an hour and a half, and obliged me to withdraw the working

454
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 13, Night.
8 P.5I. to 2 A.M.
Woeking Party.
Line .... 190 men.
Sappers ... 19 ,,
Officer on duty Lieut. Goudov, E.E.
' A party of 40 men were employed in the communication from No. 12 to No. 11 battery, continuing the trench to where left off towards No. 11 battery ; they excavated about 45 yards, leaving 15 yards to be completed.
A party of 20 men were employed deepening No. 7 boyau ; 20 men were employed in No. 17 battery, revetting No. 2 embrasure where damaged by enemy’s fire, and in thickening parapet ; 17 men were employed in revetting the Right approach to the fourth parallel; they placed and filled and backed with earth 15 gabions ; 20 men were employed in the Right advance to the fifth parallel, clearing trench of stone left by miners, building traverses, &c. ; 10 men were employed on the right of this party, building up wall for miners, and thickening parapet; 20 men were at first employed in the centre communication to tho fifth parallel, but after some tlmo they would not work, and reporting it to their officer, on my next visit he told me that he would not make them work, so I removed' them into the fourth parallel. I do not consider the firing justified their refusing to work in the way I proposed. 30 men were employed on the right of the fifth parallel, improving the cover, and 10 men in a pit z- near it. Both these parties, taking a panic, ran back across the open into the fourth parallel near the place-of-arms. The' officer did his utmost to stop them, but only succeeded in getting back four. It was quite an hour before we got them back. They say the sentries gave the alarm, who deny it. One sentry, however, went back with them.
Nothing of importance happened during the night. Musketry was fired on the working parties, but with no effect.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 14 rank and file.
Day very fine. . Wind W. Thermometer in shade 90°.
party from No. 17 battery, against whom the fire was principally directed.
The casualties were numerous, though not among the working parties.
1855.
August 13, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.3C.
' Workixg Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sapper' ... 24 „
Officer on dr ty Capt. Sedley, R.E.
The Sappers were employed in directing the several working parties, and the men of the Line were placed as follows :—
Sixty men in battery No. 17, enlarging it, kc .; 50 men building a traverse and altering approach iu Quarries ; 30 men, Right approach m to fifth parallel, throwing out the stone left by the miners ; 50 men repairing embrasures in the different batteries ; 15 men in communication for guns from well to No. 19 battery; 100 men in new approach r behind the Quarries, forming it, &c. ; 40 men carrying down engineer stores from park to the 21-gun battery and to the Quarries ; 20 men repairing magazine in No. 8 battery ; 20 men carrying down gabions from 21-gun battery to No. 17; 15 men employed in fourth" parallel at a drain, &c.
The extent of work done was satisfactory.
Buttery No. 20 was armed by tho artillery. Last night nothing unusual occurred.
Killed, 1 officer, 14 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 34 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 90°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
455
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 14, Day.
4 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line .... Sappers . . . L. Blasters . Sailors . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 160 men.
12d relief, 200 „
1st relief, 44 „
„ 50 „
2d relief, 55 „ Capt. Montagu, R.E.
1st Relief.
Making banquette and revetting parapets of third and fourth parallels, and draining ditto, 50 men ; ditto, ditto, fifth parallel, 10 men ; collecting earth, thickening parapets, No. 17 battery, 20 men ; raising and thickening parapet, and improving cover of communications in front of No. 7 battery, and making traverse to Cave magazine, 25 men ; making holes on the right of No. 11 battery, for experimental guns to fire at high angles, seven men ; improving drainage from the doctors’ hut, and building ditto, in No. 6 boyau, 20 men ; thickening parapets to No. 16 battery, 10 men ; draining space for an additional mortar, and thickening parapets to No. 13 battery, eight men.
2d Relief.
Improving drainage, clearing trenches, &c. in third and fourth parallels, 60 men ; No. 17 battery, filling sandbags, and collecting soil to thicken parapet, 43 men ; raising and thickening parapets, and improving cover of communications in front of No. 7 battery, and making traverse to Cave magazine, 35 men ; making holes on right of No. 11 battery for experimental guns to fire at high angles, seven men ; improving communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries, six men ; draining space for a doctors’ hut near No. 2 battery, 12 men ; excavating for mortar battery on the right of No. 16 in the second parallel, 40 men ; the sailors employed in improving communication between first and second parallels during the 2d relief. There were three casualties among the working party.
The rifle-pits in the fourth parallel were a good deal damaged by the enemy’s fire, which was likewise directed upon No. 17 battery ; the latter was from the batteries on the left of the Redan.
August 14, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 21 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Detail.
No. 17 battery, two Sappers and 20 men revetted embrasures three gabions further out in each cheek ; bread bags filled, and placed as a revetment in front
1855.
August 14, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . , £
Sappers . . . £ Officer on duty
1st relief, 160 men.
2d relief 240 „
1st relief, 18 men.
2d relief, 18 „
Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
Forty men building two traverses in the Quarries, and carrying stone; 30men, No. 17 battery, shovelling forward the earth, and completing traverse ; 70 men, trench in rear of the Quarries commanding the advance into the Quarries and the fourth parallel; 10 men collecting powder barrels ; 10 men making good defects in the fifth parallel injured during the night.
2d Relief.
Ten men repairing No. 11 magazine in 21-gun battery ; 10 men carrying fascines from 21-gun battery to No. 17 battery ; 30 men carrying gabions from 21-gun battery to the fifth parallel ; 40 men filling sandbags in fifth parallel ; 60 men carrying sRne and building traverse in Quarries ; 30 men, No. 17 battery, shovelling forward the earth and making good the traverse ; 10 men, repairs in fourth parallel ; 10 men, repairs in fifth parallel; 10 men, closing up cut in the parapet in the communication n between third parallel and No. 19 battery ; 30 men, trench in rear of Quarries.
Nothing extraordinary to report.
4
August 14, Nlgbt.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 280 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lt. Somerville, R,E.
Three brigades of Sappers generally superintending.
1. No. 17 battery, wheeling earth, and continuing formation of parapet, 50 men.

456
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
till sloped so as to give a depressed fire to both guns ; right communication between third and fourtli parallels, two Sappers and 15 men raising and thickening parapet; fifth parallel, two Sappers and 20 men working at extreme right of trench, raising parapet, screens, &c. ; two Sappers and 30 men improving trench behind gabions on the left; two Sappers and 20 men lengthening traverse, and making small lock traverse with two gabions ; centre communication to fifth parallel, two Sappers and 20 men carrying out sandbags, and emptying them to thicken parapet of double sap ; four Sappers and 75 men employed in improving communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries.
There was a heavy fire of light-balls, musketry, grape, 8tc. throughout the night ; one man killed and two wounded of the working party.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 12 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shaejg, 90°.
Right Attack.
2. Left of Quarries, carrying stones from rear of Quarries, and from old approach from Egerton’s rifle- pit e, building traverse, and filling in parapet, 50 men.
3 Approach r (new) behind the Quarries, widening the trench 1 foot 6 inches, 50 men.
These 150 men of the 7th Fusiliers worked very well.
4. Repairing embrasures in the 21-gun battery, and one in No. 14 battery, 30 men.
5. No. 20 battery, throwing up right merlon from the outside of the parapet, and building up epaulment on right of battery, 50 men.
At about 10.30 p.m. I was obliged to withdraw the men who were working in front, in consequence of a very heavy fire of shells and grape, which continued all night.
There were four men wounded in this party, and one slightly in the party in No. 17, who were also greatly annoyed by shell.
I placed 10 of the men withdrawn from the front of No. 20 battery to repair the traverse on the left, a large part of which had been knocked down by a shell ; tho remainder I placed in the trench leading from the right of No. 20, to widen the trench, and leave the loose earth in heaps, to be thrown up on the merlon at some other time.
Right approach m from fourth to fifth parallel and rifle-pit q on right, widening, 25 men.
The corporal with this party was hurt by a gabion being knocked down on him by a round shot.
7. Making one mortar portion on right of No. 18 battery, and forming parapet, 25 men.
These men worked well. The ground is very rocky. Great injury is done to No. 18 battery by the gunners getting up on the parapet to see the effect of the shells, there being no steps to the parapet.
The regiment who ought to have supplied 100 men to parade in No. 18 only sent 80.
There was a heavy fire kept up all night by the enemy, especially on the working parties in front of the Quarries, and at about half an hour before daybreak they opened a very heavy fire, shell, round shot, and grape, from the Redan and works on its right, chiefly against our Left advances, the Quarries, and the Woronzoff Ravine, and our advanced parapets

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
457
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
were a good deal knocked about, but luckily few casualties happened.
This was kept up till daybreak.
Kilted. 3 rank and file. Wounded, 30 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 90°.
Look-out Stations.
lass. Improvement and strengthening of work has been taking place in the parapets of the
August a. Malakoff.
The sack stacks have diminished ; the hay increased.
A flag of truce on Fort Constantine near one o’clock, and a Russian and French boat met.
Three hundred and sixty-seven carts arrived; 98 with gabions, 10 covered carts as if ammunition; the remainder with sacks principally. 113 went out; ten of them with hay, the remainder empty.
The two narrow ditches or trenches which run from the crest of the Malakoff have apparently some fresh earth thrown up at that end of them nearest the French, and the trench itself seems to be covered over in both of them.
August 9. The usual parties were at the Cemetery and the battery near it.
The hay stacks are increased in size ; the sacks diminished.
Between 4 and 6 r.sr. heavy firing between the Redan and 21-gun battery towards our Left. A small explosion took place like that of a mine.
Three hundred and thirty-two carts came to the north side, five of which with hay, 16 of which with timber, sixty-five with gabions, the remainder with sacks. 320 went away empty by the upper road, 19 empty by tlie lower roud.
There seems new earth of a strong nature thrown out in the line of works running down the side of the hill on the proper right of the Malakoff, as if the ditch were being deepened. Working parties in small numbers are this morning in the Malakoff, mounting the slope of the interior works with bags of earth, and emptying them on the face of it; also some men working, who may be seen passing between the exterior and an interior parapet of the proper left of the Redan near the flank. The small narrow ditches in front of the crest of the Malakoff apparently filled over.
The head of the nearest French approach was fired at frequently this morning from the Malakoff.
August xo. It was misty in the morning at the station.
Shots were fired up from the Redan towards the Fourth Division, one reaching into its camp.
A slight increase at the head of the French sap towards the Malakoff can be seen.
The stacks of sacks are on the increase ; the hay increased.
The burial ground still increasing, by the digging daily of large pits.
Three hundred and thirty-nine carts came to the north side, 165 of them with sacks, 153 with gabions ; 157 went out, all empty, and by the upper road.
Large working parties this morning at the Russian Cemetery Battery, and three embrasures have been formed at the western angle. A day or two ago the embrasures at the top of the masonry of Fort Constantine looking across the harbour were of earth. Men are constantly going along the wall which runs down to a landing place on the south side, carrying sacks with something in them, as if from a store.
August li. In the morning several fatigue parties passed into the large white buildings, carrying planks of wood. Working parties at the Cemetery and the battery near it. Some were carrying the earth from the pits to the battery.
The hay stacks and sacks have both increased.
A party of about 300 men appeared to be pulling down some building in the North Fort.
3 it

458
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Six hundred and fifty-nine carts came to the north side, 511 of these carrying gabions, 53 of them carrying barrels, 17 timber, the remainder sacks. Also ten carts with sacks arrived by the lower road. 486 went away empty by the upper, and 44 by the lower road.
1855. The French seem to have strengthened their Malakoff attacks, otherwise nothing seems
August 12. apparent of change.
Firing took place between Fort Constantine and other sea forts and one of our gunboats and the French Genoese Fort.
Thirty-one carts of gabions arrived in the morning ; 55 large light covered carts in the afternoon ; 12 carts left empty.
August 13. About eight o’clock yesterday morning nine rockets were fired from the direction of
Greenliill into the town. The fire from our mortar batteries was heavy on the Admiralty buildings and spaces about them.
About 11 a.m. a large party went in funeral procession to the burial ground near the North Fort, and remained there some time.
A small steamer towed away from the south shore (becoming hid under the south side of the harbour) two large flats or barges, either laden with deals, or covered, as if rafts.
One hundred and seventy-nine waggons came to the north side, all with sacks, except 11 with hay. 51 came in with sacks the lower road. 169 went out empty by the north road. 21 went empty by the lower road.
The sack stacks were diminished yesterday forenoon. Hay amounts to seven large ricks under North Fort, and a little increased.
August 14. Early yesterday morning 50 carts brought to the north side very large timbers, which were brought down to Fort Catherine, put on barges, and brought to south side.
In the afternoon 20 more carts came with large timber. 190 came in laden, some with barrels, some with sacks ; 50 also with sacks to Fort Catherine. Two barges containing oxen and arabas full of hay were disembarked at Fort Nicholas Wharf at 7 a.m. yesterday. Two barges of gabions from north to south at 5 P.M..
About 3,000 men marched from the Inkerman camp into the North Fort in the afternoon, and about the same number towards Mackenzie’s Farm.
The timber was about 30 or 40 feet long, and very large in circumference ; two of them were observed taken from the landing place towards rear of the Malakoff.
Very large parties were employed at the Cemetery Battery and the Cemetery itself, also at the sack stacks.
A small earth work thrown up in front of what appears a well in front of the Admiralty buildings.
A portion of the revetment of the 6-gun battery in front of the large white building has been damaged.
A battery is lately apparent of six embrasures on the spur between Forts Constantine and Catherine, in front of a "barrack building.
A number of men remained on the Fort Nicholas Wharf all day, and many men took sacks down along the wall through the Admiralty landing place.
The sack stacks are diminshed considerably ; a small reduction in hay also.
The Russian fire very slack during the day, but about 6 p.m. the Redan opened heavily on the 21-guii battery.
A long line of troops (those reported yesterday by telegraph) moved towards the North Fort, with mounted officers, six bands, about 3,000 in number, divided into four battalions. Apparently about the same number commenced filing off from the Inkerman Camp towards Mackenzie’s Farm in the evening.
This morning a battalion of 800 -or 900 men, I think in fours, filed over the ground to our right of the North Fort, apparently towards the mouth or the valley of the Belbeck.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
459
Memorandum.
Head Quarters, 14th August 1855.
The paper which accompanies this memorandum contains the opinions of the generals of artillery and engineers of the French army, signed by them, as well as by the commanding officers of the same arms in the British service. It shows the state of the siege operations, and what they recommend as the most desirable steps to be taken upon opening the fire of the batteries when the generals commanding-in-cliief may be pleased to direct.
(Signed) Harry D. Jokes,
General Simpson, Major-General, Coming. R.E.
&c., &c., &c.,
Commander of the Forces.
Memorandum. ' 14th August 1855.
. Translation.
The undersigned have the honour to inform the commanders-in-chief of the French and English armies, that the batteries which were in construction in the attacks of the front of the Malakoff when the memorandums of the 5th and 7th August were compiled, and whose completion it was necessary to await before the general re-opening of fire, are on the eve of being finished, and will be able to enter almost all into action on the morning of the 16th. The approaches of the attacks on the town and Great Redan (bastion 3) advance no further, and those of the front of the Malakoff (already pushed to about 100 metres of the works, on points which arc not well seen by the cannon of the place,) require to be completed by communications and places-of- arms in rear, and also to be developed in the most advanced parts, which can only be done under the protection of our artillery.
As soon as the advances of the attacks on the suburb shall have arrived as near the enemy’s enceinte as the superiority of fire of our artillery and the nature of the ground will permit, we shall find ourselves in such a position that any delay will diminish the chances of success of the assault, for the enemy works with activity, and strengthens the place, and will be warned by us on the side of the suburb, as we have been for some time on the side of the town at such a point of our work which being unable to pass we become by the force of circumstances as much besieged as besieging.
A new fact, and of great importance, has to be added to the considerations which bear on not delaying the decisive attack on the place ; the Russians are making a bridge of rafts to cross the harbour. The assault would be given under much better conditions before than after the completion of this bridge.
The undersigned think that it is necessary without the least delay to open a moderate fire against the place, and endeavour to put down those pieces which have the greatest effect on the advances ; to destroy and deform the works which are to be attacked by means of shells, and to fire on those places where the enemy assembles his workmen and reserves.
If this fire increases and becomes general it should be sustained, but always acting in preference on those batteries of the enemy which do most harm to our approaches. During this time the advances will be pushed as near as possible to the place, and as soon as it shall be thought that the moment of attack has arrived, all the means which have been prepared in advance should be used to pass the ditch, we shall be ready to give the assault, in order to lodge ourselves on the parts of the enceinte which it shall be thought that we can take and maintain ourselves in.
The 200 mortars reported as coming from France and those which are coming from England would not thus be made available, but the batteries destined to receive them will be prepared ; for although this great number of pieces would add greatly to the effects of the artillery, as much in destroying the parapets and material as in ravaging the interior of the place and points of assembly of the enemy’s troops, it is thought, nevertheless, that in a-waiting the distant and uncertain date of their arrival, and that of their ammunition and equipment, the course of operations will be much delayed, and the hope of a solution be deferred for a long time.

460
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
In these circumstances the undersigned have considered that it was their duty to give an account to the generals commanding-in-ehief of the state in which the attacks of the engineers and artillery were, and of the time fast approaching'when they shall be able to enter into action.
Before Sebastopol, 14th August 1855. General of Division Commanding the Engineers of the French Army.
(Signed) Niel.
General of Division and Artillery of the French Army.
(Signed) Tiiiry.
Remarks by Commanding Royal Engineer on Period between the 7tb and 14th August.
Left Attack.
The work during the past period has been as usual; repairs to parapets, banquettes, magazines, &c., improving communications and drainage.
The enemy’s fire during the night has been much heavier than lately. It being found necessary to have the medical officers nearer the advanced works than their present position, two huts have been commenced.
On the 9th, General Jones made a reconnoissance from the “ Royal Albert.” Large bodies of men were seen working on the Malakoff, and when the hour for relief arrived it was like a bee-hive from the great number of men collected in such a small space.
A considerable body of men were seen making gabions on the sea-front of Fort Nicholas. Nothing particular appeared to be going On in the Redan.
On the 10th, General Jones, accompanied by his aide-de-camp, Lieut. Cowell, landed in Strelitska Bay, and proceeded to the extreme left of the French attack, to reconnoitre the enemy’s works. The French appear to be a good deal annoyed by the fire from the Russian rifle pits, which interfere with the completion of their work.
Some deserters who have come in state that the Russian Guards have arrived with Luder’s corps, and that we may expect to be attacked on the 13th, preparations have accordingly been made by General Pelissier to command the troops on tire Tchernaia; the English, to maintain the heights on which the army is encamped, as also the trenches, on which a sortie in force may be expected, should an attack be made on the French.
The enemy busy in taking the timber from the large buildings in the Dockyard, to form a raft which is to cross from the north side to the towD.
The first detachment of the Army Works Corps arrived on the 12th.
Accounts received of the death of Colonel Tylden, R.E., when only eight hours sail from Malta. The death of this gallant, intelligent, and zealous officer is a great loss to the service.
On the 12th, the generals of divisions, with the chief of the staff, with the commanding officers of artillery and engineers, assembled at head quarters, to settle the plan of defence for the trenches, if attacked.
On the 13th at daybreak all was quiet; no movement to be perceived in the enemy’s lines or encampments ; every precaution had been taken for the defence of the trenches; the guards reinforced, and troops in camp under arms all night.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. *
461
A report from look-out station was received this afternoon to say that a large body of troops were seen on Mackenzie’s Heights. A Tartar came in with reports that an attack was to have been made this morning, corroborating the accounts given by deserters.
The Russians are working very hard at the bridge across the harbour.
The French batteries against the MalakofF reported to be nearly ready to open, proposing to open on the 1 Gth.
Left Attack.
1855.
Working Pasty.
August 15, Say.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.5I.
Line .... 340 men.
Sappers ... 3*4 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Jokes, 46th Regt.
1st Relief.
One Sapper, 30 men, blasting in front of No. 7 battery ; two Sappers and 50 men draining in fourth parallel ; seven Sappers and 20 men blasting in No. 17 battery, and filling bags with earth ; five Sappers and 10 men blasting in fifth parallel; three Sappers and 10 men working at doctors’ hut in rear of No. 7 battery ; two Sappers and 20 men working at new battery on right of No. 1 6 battery ; three Sappers and 10 men revetting No. 9 with sandbags ; 11 carpenters.
2d Relief.
No. 17 battery, one Sapper and 30 men filling 50 large bags with earth ; No. 16 (right of), two Sappers, 40 men, working at new battery ; two Sappers, 59 men, draining and revetting fourth parallel ; 15 men working at double sap (centre communication to fifth parallel) ; 26 men carrying wood (mortar platform) to new battery No. 20, on left of No. 7 battery ; two Sappers, 10 men, working at doctors’ hut; 10 men collecting tools in parallels.
Remarks.
Very heavy shelling and musketry on No. 17 battery, the shells dropping into the battery on the platform.
Four casualties among the working parties.
P.S.—Three sailors blasting in sailors’ cutting from No. 11 in morning.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 15, Day.
S A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . Carpenters. . Miners . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 200 men. 12d relief, 260 f 1st relief, 8 12d relief, 8 f 1st relief,' 20 12d relief, 20 Major Staktok
R.E.
1st Relief.
Making up traverses, &c. in trench to the left of Quarries, 30 men ; repairing shot holes in the fifth parallel, 40 men; No. 17 battery, thickening the parapet, 30 men ; continuing new trench in rear of Quarries, 30 men ; fourth parallel, repairing shot holes, &c., 20 men; No. 7 battery, clearing away earth from new magazine and platforms, 10 men ; repairing damages in first domi-parallel on left, 20 men ; clearing out drains, 10 men ; attending carpenters, 10 men ; two brigades of carpenters employed at the surgeons’ hut on the right, &c. ; miners employed in the fifth parallel, and in the right approach to it.
2d Relief.
The same detail as that of the morning, with the addition of a party of 20 men sinking water boxes in the Quarries and third parallel.
Carrying stores (damaged) from the different batteries to the tool depot in the 1st parallel, 30 men, and an additional party of 10 men to these clearing out the drains.
The working parties in the morning were a good deal harassed by the fire of the enemy from the Redan, and the following casualties occurred amongst them :—
One Sapper, Private Weir, 2d Company, killed.
Five men of the 23d Regiment wounded.
In the afternoon the enemy was very quiet, and no movement was visible.
The pier on the north side of the harbour appears to have been a good deal extended during the last few days, and has the appearance of the commencement of a bridge of boats.

462
* JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Working Party.
1855. Line .... 250 men.
.August 15, Nigbt. Sappers ... 18 „
8 p.m. to 2 A.M. Officer on duty ^Ca^CnAPsiAS, 20th
One Sapper and 20 men, No. 17 battery, cutting •down sills of embrasures, revetting and thickening merlons and epaulment ; one Sapper, 12 men, building a lock traverse in fifth parallel, and thickening and filling another ; two Sappers and 20 men in double sap communication to fifth parallel, thickening and revetting parapet; two Sappers, 20 men, No. 14 battery, cutting down sills of embrasures ; two Sappers, 50 men, new cutting a in Woronzoff Road; four Sappers, 80 men, communication from No. 11 to No. 12 battery, preparing same for a new gun and mortar battery; two Sappers, 50 men, new 9-pounder battery on right of first parallel.
The enemy fired heavily on the working parties, which much interrupted their progress, but I am happy to state only one man was wounded.
About 10.30 p.m. there was some sharp musketry fire. On going to the front, the sentries had retired, and some of the enemy were advancing up the hill in front of the plank (left) of No. 5 parallel.
Finding us prepared to receive them, they retired, but kept up at a distance a sharp musketry fire, especially from the right cliffs in the Woronzoff' Road.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 86°.
August 16, Bay.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . ^
Sappers . . . (
Officer on duty
1st relief, 129 men. 2d relief, 192 „
1st relief, 43 „
2d relief, 11 ,.
Major Bent, R.K.
1st Relief.
Assisting miners in the third and fourth parallels and communications, cutting drains through the rock, making good the banquettes, and revetting parapets with old materials ; assisting miners in the
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 15 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Du.maresq, R.E.
Two Sappers, 50 men, employed repairing the parapet of No. 16 battery ; two Sappers, 50 men, repairing the parapet, and throwing the earth over in No. 17 battery; one corporal, two Sappers, 150 men, in the fifth parallel, making good the parapets, repairing shot holes, &c. ; two Sappers, 50 men, in fourth parallel, repairing the parapet; one corporal, one Sapper, 30 men, in No. 18 battery ; one Sapper, 30 men, with Serjeant Wilson, at the new battery No. 21, to enfilade right face of Redan ; improving the trench in rear of the Quarries at the end nearest the Malakoff, two Sappers, 40 men.
Remarks.
No casualties in the working parties, and very few among the guards of the trenches, considering the quantity of shell and grape fired.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 15 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade
86 °.
Observations.
Great difficulty has been experienced to obtain cover in the advanced trenches, from the rocky nature of the ground. The progress, in consequence, has been slow, and numerous casualties have occurred. This remark applies equally to the Left attack, and will account for the length of time the fifth parallel has been on hand. The work has been carried on under a heavy fire of grape and shells every night.
The casualties generally have been numerous, chiefly from splinters of shells and grape.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, Commg. R. E.
1855.
August 15, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
August 16, Bay.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty |
1st relief, 250 men.
2d relief, 250 „
18 men.
Major Campbell, 46th Rest.
1st Relief.
No. 17 battery, 50 men ; No. 16 battery, repairing parapets, 50 men ; new communication r in rear of Quarries, 50 men ; new battery No. 21 in approach k to fourth parallel, 40 men ; clearing trenches, 30

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
463
Left Attack.
new communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries, clearing out rock blasted, excavating in trench to convert portions of it into gun and mortar batteries ; party working in No. 17 battery collecting earth to thicken parapet, filling sandbags, making magazine ; party working in communication in front of No. 7 battery, to convert it into a mortar battery, laying platforms ; party working at Cave for medical officer, improving communication leading to it, and regulating damage ; party working at No. 8 battery, repairing traverse injured by a shell.
2d Relief.
The parties worked as during the 1st relief, and in addition—
Party were excavating in second parallel to convert the portion on right of No., 16 into a mortar battery; party in centre communication to fifth parallel, filling breadbags to be used at night.
Right Attack.
men ; collecting barrels, 10 men ; two brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
2d Relief.
No. 17 battery, 50 men ; No. 10 battery, 50 men ; new communication r in real’ of Quarries, 50 men ; new battery No. 20 in approach k to fourth parallel, 40 men ; carrying stores, 20 men ; clearing trenches, 40 men; two brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
Nothing of importance occurred during the day. The enemy fired but little, except at the new battery No. 20 in the approach k to fourth parallel.
No casualties amongst the working parties.
1855.
August 16, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOBKIXG PARTY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 27 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Dornelly, R.E.
1855.
August 16, Night.
8 P.5I. to 2 A.M.
Line . . Sappers . Officer on
Wobkiro Party.
. . 400 men.
20 „
duty j Cant. WoLSElEY, 80th
Twenty-five men were employed at the new battery for two field guns ; No. 17 battery, 25 men thickening parapet ; 30 men continuing trench down the hill from No. 17 battery to cut a in WoronzofF Road ; 20 men on the extreme right of the fifth parallel, thickening parapet; 10 men clearing fifth parallel of stone blasted during the day ; 20 men continuing centre communication to fifth parallel ; 70 men improving the communication between Nos. 12 and 13 batteries.
On being informed by the general of the trenches, about 2 a.m., that the batteries would open in the morning, the working parties having broken off, I employed the Sappers and a few men that I obtained in repairing the embrasures of Nos. 7, 8, and 14 batteries.
Having been called upon by the general in the trenches to distribute the covering party for the daytime in the safest places consistent with the safety of the trenches in case of a sortie, I proposed 400 men being in the fourth parallel, 50 right of fifth parallel overlooking Woronzoflf Road, 20 men in Cemetery, 130 men in communication from
In No. 14 battery, one Sapper and 10 men, lowering the soles of the embrasures ; in the fourth parallel, two Sappers, 30 men, repairing banquette and injured parapet; in No. 17 battery, three Sappers, 40 men, thickening parapet and clearing up battery ; in No. 16 battery, two Sappers, 40 men, thickening parapet; in new battery No. 21, in communication between No. 19 battery and fourth parallel, constructing traverses and thickening parapet, one Sapper and 50 men ; in No. 5 battery, two Sappers, 20 men, repairing embrasures ; in fifth parallel, five Sappers, 100 men, increasing cover, and carrying earth in baskets; in rifle-pit on left of fifth parallel, five Sappers, 100 men.
The enemy appeared to be working at and in the neighbourhood of the 6-gun battery to their left of the Karabelnaia Ravine. Their vertical fire was heavier than usual, as they fired salvoes from three mortars in the left flank of the Redan.
I am happy to state that there were very few casualties amongst the working parties, who, although annoyed and interrupted considerably by the enemy’s lire, worked to my entire satisfaction.

464
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Cemetery to fourth parallel, 15 men in right demi- parallel, 150 men right of second parallel, the reserve returning to the Caves, and working party remaining in No. 2 battery. I believe the parties were distributed in this manner.
During the night I found that there were only 50 men in the Woronzoff Road, all of them at the chevaux-de-frise, and on inquiry found that by a new order there were only to be that number.
The batteries opened at 4 A.M., but when I left at 6 a.m. there was no apparent diminution in the Russian fire.
Wounded, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 85’.
1855.
August 17, Say.
5 A.M. tO 8 A.M.
8 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WOEKIKG PAETr.
Line .... 2d relief, 50 men. Sappers . . . 1st relief, 59 „
Officer on duty Lieut Neville, R.E.
In consequence of the very heavy fire, no working party was employed in the morning, with the exception of the Sappers, of whom three were employed in opening an embrasure in No. 1 battery.
Twenty were employed in front of No. 7, improving cover ; 30 at No. 16 on the right, making terrepleine for battery ; four carpenters making frames for magazine ; two carpenters making wooden shutes.
2d Relief.
Fifty men of the Line filling sandbags. The damage done by the Russian fire was chiefly as regards the revetments of embrasures of Nos. 7 and 8 batteries, which, being old, did not stand much firing ; the embrasures generally require repair. Two platforms destroyed in No. 14 battery by 13-inch shells.
The Redan and Barrack batteries were a good deal disfigured.
The Russian gunners went about from gun to gun, and several guns appeared to be silenced.
The flank guns of especially the lower tier appeared to be uninjured.
Private H. Masters, 8th Company, killed.
Upon a signal of three mortar shells from No. 15 battery, fire was opened this morning at daybreak from all our batteries.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 36 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 85°.
1855.
August 17, Day.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . < Carpenters . .
Sappers . . , Officer on duty
1st relief, 280 men. 2d relief, 250 „
1st relief, 12 „
2d relief, 12 „
1st relief, 16 „
2d relief; 24 „ Lieut. Brine, R.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and the carpenters in repairing platforms.
Making traverse in rear of No. 19 battery, 1st and 2d Reliefs, 20 men ; No. 21 battery, forming parapet and terrepleine, 1st and 2d reliefs, 50 men. In the morning relief the working party was withdrawn by order of the field officer.
Fourth parallel, repairing sliot-lioles, 1st and 2d reliefs, 40 men ; approach from fourth to fifth parallel, making banquette, 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief, 30 men; approaches from general’s hut to Quarries, repairing shot holes, 1st relief, 20 men, 2d relief, 30 men ; improving drains generally, Right and Left approaches, 1st and 2d reliefs, 10 men ; repairing traverse in Quarries knocked down by shell, 1st and 2d reliefs, 10 men ; magazine, No. 9 battery, covering in, (withdrawn by order of the field officer,) 1st relief, 10 men ; No. 17 battery, throwing over earth, and making good parapet between it and No. 20 battery, 1st relief, 70 men ; Sappers, tool depot, engineers’ hut, laying powder boxes for water, 2d relief, 10 men ; fifth parallel, repairing shot holes. 2d relief, 50 men.
2d Corporal H. B. Smith, 2d Company, wounded severely. Lance-corporal E. McGuiu, 2d Company, wounded severely. Private W. Collins, 2d Company, killed.
Private P. Delaney, 1st Company, wounded slightly. Private J. Lloyd, 7th Company, wounded slightly'. Lance-corporal J. Finch, 1st Company, wounded slightly.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
465
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 17, XTlght.
S P.11. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 225 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Capt. Montagu, R.E.
No. I battery, repairing embrasures, 30 men ; batteries Nos. 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11, repairing embrasures, effected by the sailors, assisted by a party of 25 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 14 battery, and repairing two gun platforms, 30 men ; repairing embrasures of batteries Nos. 7 and 8, 45 men ; making trench ■work for two guns on the Woronzoff Road, 10 men ; making good shot holes in place-of-arms d, 15 men ; repairing embrasures in No. 17 battery, and continuing the communication a down the hill to the Woronzoff Road, 40 men. Notwithstanding a good deal of musketry, and a little shelling, there was only one workman hit.
The whole party worked very well, especially corporals Cray and McEachem of the Royal Sappers and Miners.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, u rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 78°.
1355.
August 17, TClght. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOEKING PAKTY. Line .... 392 men.
Carpenters . . 4 „
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty { Elpdiystoye,
1. 21-gun battery, repairing and revetting embrasures and traverses ; the former had suffered much during the day’s firing ; three Sappers, 30 men.
2. No. 19 battery, repairing embrasures, also revetting same, two Sappers and 30 men ; continuing to cover with earth the roof of the new magazine, one Sapper and 10 men.
3. No. 14 battery, generally repairing embrasures ; they were in a very dilapidated condition; three Sappers and 50 men ; rebuilding two traverses, and repairing the left magazine, one Sapper and 30 men.
4. No. 13 battery, repairing and revetting the embrasures, two Sappers and 30 men.
5. No. 12 battery, repairing and revetting the magazine, one Sapper and 10 men.
6. No. 16 battery, thickening and heightening parapet, and rebuilding damages done by the enemy’s fire, one Sapper and 30 men.
7. No. 17 battery, repairing and revetting two embrasures ; the third still remains untouched; two Sappers and 30 men ; continuing to heighten and thicken parapet of the new addition on the right, by bringing earth from the rear, one Sapper and 30 men.
8. To the right of No. 17 battery the parapet was thickened and properly revetted, so as to allow firing from there with safety, two Sappers and 30 men.
9. The new battery No. 21 in right communication k to fourth parallel was continued, the parapet heightened and strengthened, and terrepleine raised, two Sappers and 50 men.
10. Left approach n to No. 19 battery, the gabions which screened the trench from the enemy’s view were thrown down, and a ramp formed ; after all the guns had passed through, the gabions were replaced, but not filled with earth; one Sapper and 10 men.
11. Fifth parallel, repairing shot holes, and thickening parapets, and widening trench on extreme right. Although 50 men were originally told off for this duty, yet, owing to the more urgent work to be done in the different batteries, I was unable to leave here more than 22 men and two Sappers.
3 N

466
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
August 18, Say.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
TVoekiyg Paety.
Line .... 300 men.
Sappers ... 11 „
n . fLieut. Jo YES, 4«tli
Officer on duty j
Two Sappers, 20 men, filling bread and sand bags with earth, and repairing No. 17 battery, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. ; one Sapper and 10 men at same work, from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m.; one Sapper, 20 men, at centre communication to fifth parallel, deepening double sap, and filling sandbags, and cutting away step at entrance from fourth parallel, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m.; 10 men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.; two Sappers, 40 men, excavating for new mortar battery No. 18 on right of second parallel, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. ; 60 men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; two Sappers and 12 men working at doctors’ hut in rear of No. 7, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. ; one Sapper, 14 men, working in fourth parallel, repairing banquettes, &c., from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m.; one Sapper and 25 men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.; 10 men employed clearing the zigzags in front of No. 7, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; 10 men collecting tools in different trenches.
Remarks.
All the embrasures want repairing, mostly from effects of our own fire. Not many casualties. Proper right face of Redan very much knocked about.
Right Attack.
12. Very little work was done in the Quarry batteries Nos. 16 and 17, as the men were marched off by their own officers without consulting me, at about 12.30 a.m. ; they had not finished their work, and I do not consider that there was more danger attending their work than usually.
13. At about 6.15 p.m. on the evening of the 17tli, a large number of the enemy’s shell exploded in the 8-gun battery below the Tower; this must have occasioned considerable damage, as that battery has not opened fire since.
14. The enemy, who was at work in the Redan, (repairing,) must have been seriously harassed by the continuous musketry fire that was kept up upon the Redan, and the number of shells that was thrown into the work.
Killed, 9 rank and file. Wounded, 3 officers, 70 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Killed, 4 seamen. Wounded, 19 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 78°.
1855.
August 18, Say.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Carpenters . . Officer on duty
Woeking Paety.
fist relief, 300 men. • • (2d relief, 300 „
16 men.
12 „
Capt. Cooks, R.E.
Two brigades of Sappers, general superintendence, and repairing embrasures ; three brigades of carpenters repairing platforms, and putting up frames of magazine, No. 20 battery.
Repairing embrasures, 1st relief, 35 men, 2d relief, 40 men ; No. 21 battery, making parapet, 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief, 50 men; Right approach m to fifth parallel, making up banquette, 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief 20 men ; No. 17 battery, adding to parapet and traverse for three additional guns, 1st relief, 35 men, 2d relief, 30 men.
Making parapet for rocket battery in Quarries, 1st and 2d reliefs, 30 men.
Approaches in Quarries, making banquettes, 1st and 2d reliefs, 50 men ; repairing parapet, fourth parallel, 1st and 2d reliefs, 20 men ; fourth parallel, making up banquette, 1st relief, 30 men, 2d relief, 20 men.
Carrying materials from 21-gun battery, 2d relief, 30 men.
The Russian fire to-day, in answer to ours, was very slack, except on the two 10-inch guns on the right of No. 14 battery, on which they kept up a heavy fire from six or seven guns on the proper left

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
467
Left Attack.
"Working Party.
X855. Line * . . . 200 men.
August 18, Night. Sappers ... 23 „
8P.JI.to2A.*. Officer on duty ^Uior CiIAPMAS. 20th
First parallel, No. 1 battery, two Sappers and 30 men repairing embrasures ; No 16, two Sappers and 30 men repairing embrasures, and rebuilding a half merlon.
No. 17, clearing out embrasures, sinking sills of same, collecting earth and rock to thicken parapet, two Sappers, 20 men ; No. 14, two Sappers, 30 men, repairing embrasures ; No. 18 battery, two Sappers, 30 men, repairing embrasures ; fifth parallel, centre communication, two Sappers, 20 men, thickening parapet and building traverse. Of this party two were killed and five ■wounded, and the remainder were withdrawn, and little or no work was done there, as these casualties occurred early in the evening.
Two Sappers, 40 men, in No. 19, excavating for terrepleine and thickening parapet ; four Sappers employed as carpenters; two Sappers in charge of tools.
About a quarter to ten o’clock our troops opened a heavy musketry fire all along the lines on the enemy, who they imagined were advancing. The enemy replied as heavily from their parapets and the Woron- zoff Eoad and clifts on the right of the ravine.
Their advance was checked in a few minutes. I regret to report seven casualties, two killed and five wounded, among my working party.
Wounded, 11 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 83°.
Right Attack.
of the Redan. The fighting bolt of one of these 10- inch guns broke in the middle of the day, which rendered it unserviceable.
A 32-pounder in No. 17 was rendered unserviceable by a shot.
Private M. M‘Namara, 7th Company, killed.
1855.
August 18, Night.
8 P.3L to 2 A.3I.
Working Party.
Line .... 326 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
Thirty men repairing embrasures, No. 14 battery ; 15 men repairing embrasures, No. 17 battery; 10 men repairing embrasures, No. 20 battery; 15 men repairing entrance to magazine, No. 7 battery ; 30 men thickening parapet of No. 17 battery ; 40 men, white rifle pit q ; 60 men No. 21 battery, thickening parapet; 30 men, No. 18 battery, making parapet on right face; 26 men, fifth parallel on the extreme right, gaining cover.
The working party did not arrive until past nine, and the field officer in command was not in the Quarries during the night; so that no explanation can be given for the deficiency in numbers.
The working parties were considerably harassed, especially about 10 r.M., when tlio enemy opened n very heavy fire of grape and shell, principally upon the Quarries, from the Redan ; light balls were also thrown into the ravines, and in the small ravine in front of rifle-pit q, fifth parallel, Right flank.
The enemy threw forward a small picquet, winch occupied the ground generally held by our picquet. This might be obviated by the covering parties arriving in the trenches in better time.
A working party of the enemy was observed outside the Redan ; but on my reporting it to the general of the trenches he ordered a musketry fire to be kept up, which effectually prevented any repairs being executed. The fire recommenced at 4.30 a.m., to w r hicli the enemy seemed to reply very feebly.
Killed, 8 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 24 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Wounded, 7 seamen.
Day fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade .
3 n 2

46S
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Working Paiitt.
Working Party.
1855.
August 19, Day. 5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line .... | Sappers . . . 1
Carpenters . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 190 „
1st relief, 14 „
2d relief, 14 „
1st relief, 11 „
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
1855.
August 19, Day.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . .
Carpenters . Officer on duty
/!st relief, 200 men.
1 2d relief, 200 „
< 1st relief, 16 „
12d relief, 24 „
1 st relief, 12 ,.
Capt. SEDLEY, R.E.
1st Relief.
1st Relief.
A party of 20 men were employed in No. 19 battery to tlie right of No. 11 battery, thickening the parapet ; a party of 20 men were employed in No. 18 battery, thickening the parapet, and preparing places for mortars ; 20 men were employed in carrying timber for carpenters in No. 14 battery and No. 7 battery, for magazine ; 50 men were employed in the fourth parallel, draining, forming banquettes, repairing parapets, traverses, &c. ; 30 men were employed in No. 15 battery, repairing No. 4 magazine, which had given way, and revetting in front of Nos. 10 and 11 mortars with small powder barrels ; 10 men were employed at the communication to the doctors’ hut in No. 6 boyaux.
2d Relief.
A party of 15 men were employed in No. 19 battery, the same as the 1st relief; 40 men were employed in the same way as the 1st relief in No. 18 battery ; 30 men were employed in No. 15 battery, revetting the parapet and repairing the powder magazine, the same as in the 1st relief; 25 men were employed in No. 8 battery, taking earth off No. 2 powder magazine to repair damage done by shot ; 15 men were employed in making good the traverse in front of the powder magazine in No. 14 battery ; 45 men were employed in the fourth parallel, the same as the morning party ; 26 men were employed removing powder cases from the Caves into the powder magazine in rear of No. 20 battery ; they moved about 80 boxes.
The firing was kept up from No. 1 battery, and the mortars in the first parallel, and Nos. 10 and 16 batteries, and Nos. 13 and 15 mortar batteries. The 13-inch mortars in No. 13 were turned on Fort Nicholas and the landing places; but although a charge of 8 lbs. 15 ozs. was used the shells all fell some way short of the fort and the landing place. The Russians seemed annoyed by it, and opened a heavy fire of mortars on No. 13, one shell of which blew up part of a platform, and the others did a good deal of harm to No. 8 battery. The Redan did not appear repaired.
Working parties employed as follows :— Carpenters.
One brigade laying platforms in battery No. 12; one brigade repairing platforms in battery No. 18, and putting a fighting bolt, &c. in battery No. 14 ; one brigade in making magazine in battery No. 20.
The Sappers were employed in general supervision, and the men of the Line as follows :—
Thirty men continuing work in battery No. 17 ; 60 men making battery No. 21 ; 40 men repairing embrasures where required ; 30 men collecting
barrels and stones to Quarries ; 20 men repairing shot holes in parapet ; 20 men forming banquette in Quarries.
2d Relief.
Ten men in magazine, battery No. 7 ; 10 men in magazine, battery No. 8 ; 40 men repairing embrasures in 21-gun battery ; 40 men in making No. 21 battery ; 30 men employed in Quarries at battery No. 17, &c. ; 20 men repairing shot holes ; 30 men carrying barrels, &c. ; 20 men bringing platform timbers to Quarries, &c.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
469
Left Attack.
WORKING PARTY.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 27 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Donnelly, R.E.
Eighty men were deepening trench and improving cover in communication between Nos. 12 and 11 batteries (No. 19) ; 12 men continuing centre communication to fifth parallel.
No. 1 battery, 30 men, No. 10 battery, 30 men, No. 16 battery, 30 men, No. 17 battery, 12 men, repairing the embrasures.
The sailors were repairing their own batteries.
Wounded, 18 rank and file.
Forenoon fine, afternoon showery. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 600 men.
Sappers ... 21 „
Officer on duty Major Stanton, R.E.
Detail.
Repairing embrasures in batteries Nos. 4, 5, and 6, four Sappers, 30 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 13 battery, one Sapper, 10 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 14 battery, four Sappers, 30 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 9 battery, four Sappers, 40 men ; No. 18 battery, continuing parapet on the right for two more mortars, one Sapper, 10 men; No. 21 battery, continuing excavation and making up parapet, one Sapper, 60 men ; joining the White Rifle-pit q in the Right advance to the fifth parallel, one Sapper, 40 men ; improving the parapet of new parts of No. 17 battery, two Sappers, 60 men ; repairing embrasures of Nos. 17 and 20 batteries, two Sappers, 40 men ; improving cover in centre of fifth parallel.
The working parties behaved well, and the work was in general very satisfactory, but a want of fascines was felt in repairing the embrasures.
A heavy musketry fire was kept up upon the Redan from the fifth parallel throughout the night, which prevented the enemy repairing the damage done to his embrasures during the late bombardment, and the fire in reply was very slight, causing but four casualties among the working parties.
Several light balls were thrown from the Quarries on to the Redan, but no working parties could be discovered in that work, except in the ditch of the proper left face.
No particular movement was observed amongst the enemy’s troops.
The bridge across the harbour appears to be progressing rapidly from both sides of the harbour.
Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 33 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Wounded, 8 seamen.
Forenoon fine, afternoon showery. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
1855.
August 19, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
1855.
August 19, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

470
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 20, Bay.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Working Party.
< 1st relief, 140 men. * * l 2d relief, 185 „ 1st relief 91 ,, Capt. Penn, R.A.
1st Relief.
1. Fifty men employed in the fourth parallel, deepening trench, repairing damage, and making banquette.
2. Thirty men employed in No. 20 battery, thickening parapet, and throwing earth on magazine passage.
3. Twenty men in No. 17 battery, thickening parapet and building traverses.
4. Twenty men employed in No. 19 battery, thickening parapet and building traverses.
5. Ten men repairing magazine, No. 2 and No. 8 battery.
6. Ten men carrying platform timbers in No. 20 battery.
2d Relief.
7. Fifty men employed in fourth parallel, deepening trench and making banquette.
8. Thirty men thickening parapet and building traverses in No. 19 battery.
9. Twenty men in No. 20 battery, thickening parapet and throwing earth on magazine passage.
10. Twenty men employed in No. 17 battery, building traverses, and making banquette on the left of it.
11. Thirty men repairing magazines ; 10 men in each of the following batteries : Nos. 8, 14, and 16.
12. Twenty men employed in No. 18 battery, thickening parapet.
13. Ten men carrying magazine frames and sheeting to No. 16 battery.
14. Five men employed in filling in the right passage from third parallel to No. 7 battery.
Carpenters.
Three laying No. 4 platform, No. 13 battery; three reserve magazine, No. 14 battery; three, reserve magazine, No. 16 battery; one, No. 2 magazine, No. 8 battery ; two preparing frames and splinter proofs for magazines ; one, banquette, fourth parallel.
1855.
August 20, Say.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
WORKING PAETT.
Line . . . . | Carpenters. . Sappers . . . Officer on duty £
1st relief, 300 moil.
2d relief, 300 „
1st relief, 12 „
., 16 „
Lieut. Somerville, RE.
1st Relief.
Two brigades of Sappers generally superintending.
1. Clearing drains generally, 20 men.
2. Collecting broken tools generally at depdt, 20 men.
3. Collecting powder barrels generally, 20 men.
4. Clearing fifth parallel, 40 men.
5. No. 17 battery, forming parapet, 50 men.
6. No. 21 battery, widening and deepening interior, 60 men.
I found this party too much crowded, and therefore detached 20 out of it to clear the drains near Nos. 18 and 19 batteries; the remaining 40 worked very hard.
A shot was fired at this new battery No, 21 every now and then from the Malakoff.
7. Repairing batteries generally, 40 men.
8. Improving communication m to fourth and fifth parallel, 40 men.
The miners (who, by the bye, complain very much of their fuze,) were working near the White Rifle-pit q; so I placed the working party to join them on the fourth parallel. However, it is of little use picking in the trench to improve cover, and the trench itself is in most parts so wide that the party could not get earth from the reverse without being seen in command from the Malakoff. and driven in by rifle shots, and some of the men were necessarily idle. I sent 20 of them under one Sapper to repair damage in the batteries in second parallel, and employed the remainder chiefly in carrying earth in baskets for future improvement of the approaches to fifth parallel.
The enemy kept up a fire against the two 10-inch guns on the right of No. 14 battery, but without material result.
At about 8.0 A.M. an explosion took place in one of the French trenches to the left front of the Mamelon, probably a few powder barrels or casks filled with small-arm ammunition.
9. Ten men I sent to carry stores for the carpenters, three brigades of which were working.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
471
Left Attack.
Blasters.
Nineteen men in communication j j 2 from the fourth to the fifth parallel ; 18 in No. 19 battery ; 15 in No. 20 battery ; 10 on the right of No. 13 battery.
One man wounded.
About 5.30 p.m. the French batteries opened a heavy fire on the Flagstaff, Garden, and Town batteries, which fire was well answered by the enemy, and continued on both sides till I was relieved at 7.0 p.m.
Nos. 9 and 11 gun batteries and Nos. 12 and 13 mortar batteries assisted the French by their fire on the Garden and Creek batteries. The 10-inch gun in No. 9 battery is disabled, the trunnion being knocked off.
There was a heavy fire all day on No. 16 battery, and it has suffered some damage in consequence.
lass.
August 20, Wight, j
8 P.M. to 2 A. 31. |
Detail.
Four Sappers, 85 men, at No. 19 battery, thickening the parapet; four Sappers, 45 men, No. 16 batteiy, rebuilding embrasures ; two Sappers, 15 men, No. 17 battery, thickening parapet with earth and stones carried in baskets ; three Sappers, 20 men, at the centre communication to fifth parallel, thickening the traverse and the parapet of the double sap, screen Avail built with breadbags ; two Sappers, 20 men, in second parallel, making new roadway for guns ; two Sappers, 20 men, at fifth parallel, thickening parapet on the right. Nothing particular occurred during the night.
Wounded, 1 officer, 8 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 25 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R*E.
Right Attack.
2d Relief.
1. Thirty men repairing and clearing out drains generally.
2. Twenty men commencing new Royal Engineers’ office in communication from fourth parallel to front of Egerton’s rifle-pit.
3. Repairing shot holes and parapets generally in right approaches, 40 men. This party was afterwards sent to collect barrels from the artillery.
4. Do., do., Left do., 40 men.
5. No. 17 battery, forming parapet, 30 men.
6. No. 21, 40 men chiefly throwing the loose earth on the parapet, and deepening passage to cesspit on Right.
7. Repairing batteries generally, 40 men.
8. Improving communication from fourth to fifth parallel.
A house was burning in the Karabelnaia faubourg, supposed to have been fired by one of our rockets, which kept up a fire on this part, answered from the Malakoff by round shot and from the Redan by shell.
1855.
August 20, NlgUt.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 men.
( Lieut. Brine, lt.E. Major Campbell, 46th Regt.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence and repairing embrasures. For the latter services sandbags were much required, but there was not one to be procured.
Wells in front of third parallel, forming cover, 20 men ; No. 18 battery, forming parapet on right for new mortar portion, 30 men ; No. 21 batteiy, making parapet, 60 men ; new doctors’ hut near Quarries, excavating, 10 men ; fourth parallel, near Quarries, making parapet and excavating for rockets, 40 men; No. 17 battery, making parapet for new 3 gun portion, 30 men; fifth parallel, connecting it with W T hite Rifle-pit q ; bad soil near approach, no trench yet made for 75 feet; 70 men.
Repairing embrasures—
Nos. 4, 5, and 6 batteries
-
25 men.
No. 9 battery
-
-
25 men.
No. 14
-
-
30 men.
No. 13 „ -
-
-
20 men.
No. 20 „
-
-
10 men.
No. 17 „ -
-
-
30 men.

472
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
Two hundred of the working party arrived in the Quarries at 8.0 p.m., the remainder were delayed some time through having to carry stores from the park.
At about 5.45 p.m. the French opened a heavy fire on the Left, which was not returned by the enemy till 7.45, when both sides gradually left off.
On the right of the ridge between the Mamelon and Malakoff, the French kept up a sharp fire the whole night, and at about 9.0 p.m. there was for about 10 minutes some sharp musketry fire from the enemy.
Our batteries fired but little; but by means of rockets fired every twenty minutes, the blaze in the Karabelnaia suburb was kept up till midnight.
The shrapnel fired from No. 20 battery appeared to have good effect.
The bridge of boats is progressing from both sides very fast, and the small steamer was continually plying to and fro.
The large stone building, with the roof now broken in, appears to be a great reserve for the Redan, which it is in rear of.
A brisk fire of musketry was kept up from our ndvanccd trenches on the Left and Right on the Redan, which was scarcely at all returned.
It is evident to me that a private of Sappers, for want of higher rank, say second corporal, has not sufficient control over his working party, and consequently that both the siege and the service suffer.
Killed, 3 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 23 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade
1855.
August 21, Say.
S A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WORKING PARTY.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . j
Blasters . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 190 men. 2d relief, 90 1st relief, 45 2d relief, 11 1st relief, 50 Capt. Montagu
E.E.
1855.
August 21, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Carpenters . . Officer on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 300 men.
12d relief, 300 fist relief, 12 12d relief, 12 f 1st relief, 15 X 2d relief, 15 f Capt. Wolseley, 90tk {. Regiment.
1st Relief.
Draining fourth parallel, building traverse, banquettes, and revetting, 55 men ; covering magazine in No. 20 battery with earth, and building traverse, 30 men ; clearing space for sea-service mortal' for No. 13 battery, 6 men ; building magazine and traverse in No. 17, 20 men ; building banquettes in fifth parallel, 12 men ; filling in hole made by shell
1st Relief.
No. 21 battery, one Sapper, 60 men, No. 18 battery, one Sapper, 30 men, thickening parapet for two additional mortars ; No. 17 battery, 30 men and one Sapper carrying earth and thickening parapet; Rocket Battery, 30 men and two Sappers thickening parapet and excavating trench ; fifth parallel, 50 men and three Sappers increasing cover, and building

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
473
Left Attack. !
over magazine in No. 8 battery, and repairing revet- j ments, 15 men ; working at battery No. 19, converting , the communication between batteries 11 and 12 into gun and mortar portions, 46 men ; earthing up hole over magazine to No. 16 made by a shell bursting . over it, 6 men. ;
2d Relief. I
In consequence of the expected attack, I could only ' obtain a working party of 90 men to be employed in second parallel. Converting the communication j between batteries Nos. 11 and 12 into gun and mortar j portions, 60 men ; earthing up magazine to No. 16 | battery, and building traverse in communication to the j first parallel, 30 men. j
The Russians during the night repaired a small I
portion of the parapet of the Redan.
Lance-Corporal TV. Jenkins, 11th Company, -wounded slightly.
WOEKIXG PATtTV.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 18
Officer on duty { Major Chapmax, 20th
Two Sappers, 104 men, No. 19 battery, deepening trench and improving cover ; one Sapper, 10 men, in communication to No. 17, improving cover; five Sappers, 30 men, No. 17, heightening and thickening merlons and revetting embrasures ; two Sappers, 20 men, widening and deepening new trench in centre of second parallel; two Sappers, 16 men, in fifth parallel, carrying out gabions and building traverse; four Sappers, 20 men, in centre communication to fifth parallel, improving cover and carrying on sap. It was a very fine night, and the enemy annoyed us very little. Two of my working party were slightly wounded. I observed several signal rockets during the early part of the night in the direction of the Iukerman valley.
Wounded, 1 officer, 10 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in the shade 75°.
Right Attack.
banquettes ; engineer and doctors’ huts, 20 men and one Sapper excavating for frames ; carrying materials from first parallel to Nos. 18 and 21 batteries, 50 men and one Sapper ; collecting powder barrels from batteries, and carrying them to tool depot and Quarries, clearing out drains in third parallel, 10 men and one Sapper.
2d Relief.
300 men employed in a similar manner with 1st Relief.
The carpenters were engaged at No. 1 platform in No. 18 battery, placing frames for magazine in Nos. 20 and 21 batteries.
I am happy to state that no casualties occurred during the working hours.
From quantities of fresh earth thrown up outside the ditch of the 11-gun battery beneath the Mnlakoff, the enemy appear to have been employed last night at deepening the ditch. Outside the ditch of the Redan, and immediately in front of the sallyport, which is in the re-entering angle formed by that work with its flank, the enemy have collected about 130 gabions.
That portion of the ditch of the Malakoff into which we can see from our fifth parallel is filled up with the gabions and debris of the parapet brought down by the late firiug.
1855. I TVobkixo Paktv.
August 21, Night, j “ c “-
S r.M. to 2 A.u. | oj)icer on duty Lt. EirinxSTOXE, R.E.
1. No. 18 battery, heightening and thickening parapet on the extreme right.
All the loose stuff' collected during the previous day was thrown over the parapet, and the terrepleine partially deepened ; a portion of revetment that had fallen down was rebuilt; 35 men.
2. No. 21 battery, forming terrepleine, and heightening and thickening parapet; one row of gabions of epaulment were placed and filled ; more would have been filled had there been any gabions ; 65 men.
The special working party merely brought down half the number that had been ordered.
3. The parapet for firing rockets near the Quarries, terrepleine widened 2 \ feet, parapet thickened and strengthened, 30 men.
4. No. 17 battery, thickening parapet by carrying loose earth from the rear, and throwing over the earth
3 o
1855.
August 21, Night. 8 r.u. to 2 a.m.

474
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack. | Right Attack.
| collected during the daytime, likewise repairing the , two merlons of completed portion of battery, 30 men. j 5. Centre of fifth parallel, reconstructing the drains j for the outflow of water, and forming banquettes and j steps from thence to within 20 yards of the Quarry ! pit q, revetting the same with stones and barrels, 32 | men.
6. Repairing shot holes in this parallel which had been made during the night, 8 men.
( 7. Extreme right of fifth parallel, continuing the
; construction of the wall, collecting earth from the | front, and altering the trench.
j The wall is now about four feet high along the j whole length. In parts a trench about one foot deep | was excavated. Soil difficult but workable. On the ! left, men were employed in deepening trench and | thickening parapet, 200 men.
| 8. In consequence of the heavy fire which the
! Russians sent in the direction of the trenches from which the barrels had to be removed, I was obliged to withdraw the men.
There were no casualties in the new work, and very few altogether. There was no particular movement on the part of the enemy discernible.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 7 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in the | shade 75°.
Reports erom Look-out Station.
1855 . The stacks of provision sacks are much diminished in number. Only two stacks from the
August 16 . commencement, and remains of others, are to be seen. The long hayricks are diminished by one.
Three of our gun boats opened c n the town this afternoon, and shot were sent at them principally from the neighbourhood of Fort Alexander.
A large stage of timber was towed from Catharine Quay towards the rear of Malakoff. Soon afterwards a large barge came from the same spot to the middle of the harbour near the second boom ; dropped a large anchor there, and returned. Another barge with several anchors came from Fort Nicholas side, and remained near the centre of the harbour.
Several bodies of men of 100 and 200 were about the north shore of the harbour near the barrack houses and landing places, -find one body of 500 or 600 moved up towards the sack stacks.
The three-masted vessel remains moored with her stem pretty close to the point of Fort Nicholas.
19 carts came with timbers, 9 came with hay, 30 came with white covers ; 51 laden, uncertain ; 28 went out by the lower road, laden with sacks.
August 17 . A great number of men carrying planks and sandbags or bags were passing through the opening in the Dockyard wall. The Russians working hard at their floating bridge, which starts from Fort Catharine, and is being prolonged towards Font Nicholas.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
475
626 carts came in, 29 of which with timber, 44 with hay, 10 with gabions ; the whole of the remainder with sacks. 454 left the north side by the upper road, 80 of which with sacks, and the remainder empty. 122 left by the lower road empty.
X 855 . The floating bridge across the great harbour was not much increased yesterday, but this
August 19 . morning early several rafts have been brought across, and apparently a commencement is made this side from Nicholas Point.
The sack stacks much increased from numerous convoys.
The French approaches extended to their left considerably.
1018 carts came in, 22 of them hay, 187 gabions, the remainder sacks. 98 also came in with sacks by the lower road. Between 600 and 700 left empty.
August 20. The roof of one of the nearest buildings of the Dockyard is very much damaged by wet, nearly half having fallen in yesterday morning.
The floating bridge has been commenced from Fort Nicholas, four stages of raft having been brought there to-day.
The English attacks and the French Right fired heavily from their batteries yesterday. Several shots were fired from a new Russian battery at l'iglit angles to the right flank of Malakoff. Many embrasures of both Redan and Malakoff are much knocked about; but damage was much repaired in the small detached work or proper right of Malakoff.
The Lancaster gun in Gordon’s Battery had five out of six of the shells fired (there were only six) in the air.
About mid-day rockets were fired into the Karabelnaia suburb from the Quarries.
The French have much increased their sap trench to their left.
Large convoys arrived ; a number of carts, 958 with sacks, 269 with gabions, 50 laden, 7 of large timber ;
2 barges across of gabions, 1 barge of hay and men ; 900 left empty, besides many in small numbers, and many
still left unloading at the sack stacks.
The sack stacks much increased, amounting now to twelve of a large size ; hay rather decreased.
August 21. About 8.30 a,M. a small explosion took place in front of the Mamelon.
The floating bridge is much lengthened; five rafts were brought from the north side, and added to the south end.
11.30 a. 3i. 100 men dragged a gun from behind Malakoff to a fort on the extreme right.
A fire was caused in rear of (old houses apparently) the Malakoff, by rockets sent there.
Two or three large burial parties assembled at the lower burial ground during the afternoon.
The sacks much increased during yesterday; the haystacks decrease.
About 6 r.3i. the French opened apparently every gun on their Left attack against the Russian batteries, which have subsequently answered.
896 carts came in, 68 of which had timber ; 551 left empty by the upper road; 153 left empty by the lower road.
This morning the ship moored close off Nicholas point has had her masts taken out, and another raft was being towed across from the north side early.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
August 16. Par. No. 1. There appearing to he some doubt existing among the assistant engineers as to which is their proper post in case of an alarm and the troops being turned out,—
The Major-General Commanding Royal Engineers wishes to explain to them, that upon any alarm, or the troops being turned out, they are immediately to repair to the engineer camp, and if attached to any brigade to report themselves to the officer commanding it; but if unattached, and not employed on any special duty, they.are immediately to report themselves to the adjutant, and wait for orders.
3 o 2

476
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Par. No. 2. When divisions march down to the trenches upon an alarm—
Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman, C.B., Royal Engineers, will endeavour as far as possible to detail an officer of the Royal Engineers to he employed with each division ; this officer to report himself to the general officer in command of the division, and to state that he is sent by the Major-General to afford the divisional general any assistance he may require.
The principal duty of these officers being to act as guides to the different parts of the attack, it is necessary that they should be intimately acquainted with the different parallels and approaches, and the situations of the various batteries.
By order,
(Signed) E. F. Bouhchier,
Brigade-Major, R.E.
Memorandum.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 17tli August 1855.
A steady musketry fire by riflemen and good shots must be kept up during the night from the advanced trenches of both attacks on the Redan and works in rear and flank of it, the object being to prevent the enemy repairing the damage done to his works. The artillery should assist this as much as possible by throwing light-balls.
By order,
(Signed) W. L. Pakeniiam, A.G.
Major-General Sir II. D. Jones, K.C.B.,
Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Observations.
17 th August.
At about 4.30 this morning our batteries, both on the Left and Right, opened fire on the enemy,
which they began to return briskly at 4.45, and continued to do so till 9 o’clock.
The fire of round shot and shells on both sides was very heavy from 5.30 to 9; but after the
latter hour our fire became slacker, and the fire from the Redan gradually got less.
The French opened fire on the Right from the Mamelon and advance trenches at about seven o’clock, and on the Left at about 8 o’clock; but their fire during the whole day was very slight, particularly on the Right.
The enemy’s fire told most on the batteries Nos. 14 and 20 ; and our fire had most effect on the proper left face of the Redan.
At 5 o’clock this evening the following was the state of the enemy’s batteries and ours :—
Redan.
Proper left face much damaged, parapets being greatly ploughed up and thrown down into the ditch. Right face nearly as bad.
Barrack Battery.
Flank much destroyed.
Malakoff.
Very little injured, as far as could be seen. This work fired very quick during the whole day.
Batteries leading to Malakoff.
Two embrasures under Tower destroyed by the two guns in No. 17 battery.
At 6 o’clock an explosion of a magazine apparently, and a large number of shells, took place on the Malakoff side of the ravine. During the day the enemy had been carrying up ammunition.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
4 77
Harbour.
I noticed that some of the ships had been slightly removed to the north side ; that the wooden bridge, or bridge of boats, had progressed quickly during the day; and that a steamer was constantly plying to and fro.
Our Works.
None of the batteries much, damaged; and with the exception of the following, all the guns and embrasures are in working order:
No. 6 battery, No. 18 gun disabled by being struck in the muzzle.
No. 9 battery, wheel of gun-carriage broken.
No. 20 battery, both guns (32-pounders) disabled by being struck in the muzzle.
No. 17 battery, one gun (32-pounder) disabled before opening fire by trunnion being broken off. Making a total of five guns “ hors de combat.”
The fire from our Left was more regularly kept up than on our Right. In the latter attack, No. 16 battery ceased firing for want of fuzes, and No. 12 battery was greatly in want of shells.
Casualties.
During the night of the 16th to 17th, about 10.
From 4 A.M. to noon, about 40.
Officer killed.
Captain Hammet, R.N., by a piece of shell.
Officers wounded.
Lieut. Dennis, 3d Buffs, mortally.
An officer of the 31st Regiment, slightly.
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
Right Attack.
From 14th to 21st August.
The conversion of the Russian trenches has been completed, with the exception of one place, which from the rocky nature of the ground and the heavy fire upon it has caused a gap to be left in the parapet. Many lives have been sacrificed in endeavouring to close it. Magazine for No. 9 battery completed. Repairs to embrasures, platforms, &c. on band.
Banquettes formed. Blasting rock still continued.
Battery No. 17 ready to receive platforms. No. 20 armed with two guns.
The Russian white rifle-pit q converted into a good post, with parapet and banquette.
Every night a heavy fire of shells, shot, and grape has been poured into the trenches, causing a great many casualties among the guard of the trenches and working parties.
Left Attack.
General drainage. Ground prepared for firing 32-pounders at high elevations. Communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries completed.
Improved parapet in Right demi-parallel for Coehorns. Sailors’ communication from first parallel to batteries Nos. 10 and 16 in progress. This work was volunteered on the part of the Naval Brigade, who preferred working instead of remaining idle in their batteries when not engaged with the enemy. A trench has been carried down to and across the Woronzoff Ravine. Communication on flank of No. 17 battery converted into a mortar battery.
The double sap in advance of fourth parallel progresses very slowly on account of the rock; earth to form parapets has to be carried there, and there is a heavy fire upon it all night long and at day ; generally two gabions out of the three placed in the night are knocked down by round shot.

478
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fifth parallel, 600 yards now completed. This has been a very difficult operation, having been performed under a very heavy and constant fire of shells and grape.
On the 15 th it was decided by the generals-in-chief that the batteries should not open fire until the 17th. General Pelissier gave a grand entertainment in honour of the Emperor, this being the day observed by the French as his birthday.
16th.—At daybreak the position on the Tchemaia was attacked in great force by the enemy, who, after some severe fighting, was gallantly driven back with great loss by the French and Sardinians, and one battery of English Artillery.
By papers found on the body of a Russian General, a sortie in great force was to have been made from the town to attack the trenches. An attempt to push up the Woronzoff Ravine was made during the night, but the men, finding themselves exposed by some of their own light-balls, which fell short, retired without attempting anything further.
The bridge across the harbour progresses fast.
Captain Oldfield, R.A., killed; Captain Henry, R.A., lost an arm ; and Commander Hammet, R.N., killed.
17th.—The batteries opened at daybreak with a moderate fire. The French directed theirs against the Malakoff and adjacent works. Towards the afternoon the fire from the French and English batteries slackened considerably. The enemy’s parapets very much damaged, and his fire nearly silent.
18th.—The batteries recommenced at daylight. Apparently the Russians had been unable to do anything in the way of repairs to their batteries and damaged works. The English artillery kept up a brisk fire throughout the day. The rockets fired from our trenches appear to have had a great effect upon the enemy’s working parties employed in the Karabelnaia. At 8 p.m. a French officer brought intelligence from the French Head Quarters, to inform General Simpson that Admiral Bruat had reported that large bodies of troops had been seen moving up from the Karabelnaia to the Malakoff, and requesting that a heavy fire might be kept up all night upon that part of the enemy’s works. The battery on the right flank of the Redan still continues to pour grape across the ground in front of our Left advance at Quarries. It will be necessary to silence this battery before any advance can be made on this flank.
A great number of carts arrived on the north side, bringing in sacks, gabions, timber, hay, &c.; 19 carts with white covers, probably ammnuition.
19th.—Firing as usual; Russian works much knocked about; the French were enabled to place 600 gabions last night against the Malakoff. The Russians were seen to have buried a great number of dead.
An alert during the night. A heavy fire of musketry on both sides. Two light-balls having been thrown by us, very opportunely, showed the Russians in force upon their parapets. A sharp fire of musketry soon obliged them to get under cover.
A 95-cwt. gun, No. 11 battery, in the Left attack, made good practice at the landing-place near Fort St. Nicholas.
One thousand loaded waggons were seen to go down to the wharf on the north side in the morning, 200 about mid-day, and 100 in the afternoon.
20th.—Firing continued as usual, and with much the same effect. Still the enemy has always two or three guns which he contrives to open upon us, notwithstanding the very heavy fire which for some days has been poured into the Malakoff.
The fire of our artillery has been of great service to the French, by enabling them to carry on their works in front of the Malakoff. At the same time the Russians concentrated their fire upon

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
479
No. battery, and completely demolished it. The parapets were formed of light sand, which by the concussion of the guns ran through the gabions, and offered little resistance to the enemy’s shot. Nearly 4,000 waggons were seen to arrive yesterday on the north side.
The enemy working hard at the bridge across the harbour ; a great number of men and boats employed at it.
The quantity of ammunition expended during the last few days’ firing has been—
] 0-inch guns
-
492 rounds.
8-inch guns
-
6,645 „
32-pounder guns
-
6,984 „
13-inch mortars
-
5,976 „
10-incli mortars
-
5,267 „
5^-inch mortars
Powder, 81 tons.
905 „
In consequence of the great expenditure of ammunition, orders were given to reduce the fire from our batteries; the same, it is understood, has been observed with the French, from the same cause.
21st—The bridge across the harbour is progressing rapidly towards completion.
The 32-pounders at high elevations appear to reach the ships without difficulty or any great chai'ge of powder.
The batteries have stood much better than might have been expected, considering the light soil with which they have been constructed.
The weather continues very fine ; not too hot, with refreshing breezes.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 22, Say.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 F.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Pasty.
Line , . , . (
Sappers . . . ( Officer on duty
1st relief, 138 men.
2d relief, 200 „
1st relief, 49 „
2d relief, 14 „
Capt. XicnOLSON, R.E.
1st Relief.
Fifty men draining and improving cover generally in the fourth parallel; 40 men widening and improving cover generally in battery No. 19 ; 20 men collecting earth and filling breadbags in No. 17 battery ; 24 men forming No. 20 battery, excavating for mortar platforms generally ; four men repairing magazine in battery No. 19.
Nine men and live sei’geants were absent from the working parties of the Line, and the party supplied by the 48tli Regiment did not arrive till 5.30 a.m., and that supplied by the 57tli not till 6.30 a.m.
2d Relief.
Fifty men draining and improving cover in fourth parallel ; 45 men forming and improving cover in battery No. 19 ; 20 men collecting earth and filling bags (bread) in battery No. 17 ; 25 men filling bags for
1855.
August 22, Bay.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P-M.
WORKING PAEIY.
Line . . ,
Sappers . . . Carpenters . . Officer on duty
( 1st relief, 330 men.
(.2drelief. 290 „ fist relief, 24 „
12d relief, 24 „
12 men.
Lieut. Anderson. R.E.
1st Relief.
Seventy men in No. 21 battery, excavating in interior, and throwing earth forward ; this party worked so badly that 1 was forced to tell the officer in charge I should refuse to sign his working return I was obliged to send for the officer on one occasion, there being none present with the party; 30 men in No. 17 battery, completing parapet; 30 men, No. 18 battery, completing parapet on the right; 20 men making two new huts in rear of the Quarries ; 30 men on the right of fifth parallel ; 30 men completing rocket parapet; 20 men filling bags in fifth parallel; 100 men carrying breadbags and gabions from Royal Engineer park to the Quarries till 10 a.m., recommended for full day’s pay.
One brigade of cai-penters in magazine, No. 20 battery.

480
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
centre communication ; 15 men collecting empty barrels in parallels Nos. 1, 2, and 3 ; 25 men, rifle- pit z 2 on right of fourth parallel.
I removed the latter party on account of the shelling to which they were exposed from the Flagstaff and Garden batteries; six carpenters were employed constructing the mortar platforms in battery No. 20; two in magazine, battery No. 17 ; two in magazine, battery No. 16 ; three at splinter- proof doors, magazine of battery No. 15 ; two sheeting old platforms generally. Scarcely any fire but musketry was directed on this attack during the day, except the shelling in the fourth parallel. I observed that the bridge of boats across the harbour is completed, with the exception of one or two rafts in the centre.
Right Attack.
One brigade carpenters in No. 15 mortar battery.
One brigade carpenters in No. 17 mortar battery.
2d Relief.
Seventy men in No. 21 battery ; 30 men in No. 18 battery ; 20 men making huts in rear of Quarries ; 170 men in fifth parallel, carrying gabions to right, and filling 500 breadbags with earth ready for use during the night.
The bridge of boats seems much advanced since yesterday, and is now almost completed.
1855.
August 22, Night.
8 P.ir. to 2 a.m.
Working Paeiv.
Line .... 190 men.
Sappers ... 13 „
Officer on duty Lieut, Gordon, R.E.
A party of 20 men were employed in No. 19 battery, building up screen-wall to enable the bollards to be fixed by day, and in thickening the parapet ; a party of 50 men were employed in the communication from No. 11 to No. 12 battery, improving cover of trench ; 30 men were employed in extending the drain b 34 yards leading out of the second parallel; six men Were employed regulating the earth on the top of the right magazine in No. 16 battery, and in filling up shell holes ; 10 men were employed in No. 17 battery, carrying stone and thickening the parapet; 30 men were employed in the fifth parallel (y) where it descends the hill towards the chevaux-de-frise, building up wall and thickening the parapet ; 20 men were employed on the right of the fifth parallel, building up the parapet with stone, breadbags, &c., to enable the miners to work by day ; 20 men were employed in the centre communication to the fifth parallel, clearing trench of stone left by miners, and emptying the breadbags filled during the day, to thicken the left parapet of the double sap ; 10 men were employed in filling up the two left embrasures of No. 8 battery.
A party of men kept up a constant fire of musketry On the Redan during the whole night, which was
1855.
August 22, Nigbt.
8 p.m. to 2 A.M. „
Working Paety.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
Officer on duty Capt. Cooke, R.E.
No. 21 battery, 70 men thickening the parapet and widening trench ; No. 17 battery, 30 men thickening the parapet and setting gabions; fifth parallel, improving portions between little ravine and white pit, by excavating earth and forming parapet; No. 18 battery, thickening parapet of new mortar portion.
New approach t from fifth parallel towards Redan, set 87 gabions, and filled them with earth from bags ; commenced trench in rear.
The working party (1st Royals) worked very well at this, and the officers were particularly zealous. I beg to recommend that the party should be allowed double pay for this ; part of them worked until three o’clock.
Approve!.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
There was only one casualty at this trench. The enemy apparently did not discover that it was being constructed.
There were some casualties in the fifth parallel, but on the whole the enemy’s fire was not heavy.
A sortie was expected by the French, who sent word that the enemy were collecting on the right flank of the Malakoff, but it did not come off.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
481
Left Attack.
not returned by the enemy. Nothing of importance happened during the night.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 78°.
Right Attack.
Notes from the Observatort.
A dismasted merchantman was towed to north side by a steamer ; two rafts were attached to bridge, one to north side, the other to the south, and four barges of gabions were lauded during the afternoon.
French fired rockets at the ships from 2 o’clock till sunset.
Killed, 8 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 47 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.E. Thermometer in shade 78°.
1855.
August 23, Bay.
5 a.m. to 9 a.m.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WORKING PABTr.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 150 men.
12d relief, 200 „
55 men.
Liout. Donnelly, R.E.
1st Relief.
Fifty men in third and fourth parallel, improving cover, draining, &c. ; No. 19 battery, 40 men thickening parapet, &c. ; No. 17 battery, 10 men thickening parapet; No. 20 battery, 20 men making traverses and thickening parapet; No. 13 battery, 10 men clearing space on left for another mortar ; No. 8 battery, 10 men rebuilding revetment of battery ; 10 men carrying timber for platforms in No. 13 battery.
2d Relief.
Third and fourth parallels, 50 men.
No. 19 battery
- 40
>>
No. 17 „
- 10
H
No. 20 „
- 40
>5
No. 13 „
- 10
>>
No. 8 „
- 20
These parties being employed as in 1st Relief.
No. 16 battery, 20 men repairing magazine, making new one; 10 men carrying timber for the carpenters laying platforms. Two men of working party were killed, and one wounded badly, by rifle bullets during afternoon relief.
1855.
August 23, Say. 5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 1 P.M.
Working Paett.
T . f 1st relief, 300 men.
i,ine .... (2d relief, 230 „
e,, f 1st relief, 13 „
Sappers ... | ,, d re ]j cfi 13
Officer an duty Lieut. Dcmabesq, R.E.
No. 21 battery, one corporal, two Sappers, and 60 men making good the parapet and communications and continuing magazine.
No. 17 battery, one corporal, one Sapper, 20 men carrying earth to the front, to be thrown over.
No. 18 battery, one corporal, two Sappers, 50 men forming parapet on the right for two mortars.
No. 20 battery, two Sappers and 20 men, the latter ns n enrrying party for fascines.
Fifth parallel, 50 men and one Sapper employed filling breadbags for to-night, to continue the sixth parallel t; one Sapper 10 men collecting barrels.
2d Relief.
No. 21 battery, one corporal, two Sappers, employed as in the morning.
No. 17 battery, 30 men, one corporal, one Sapper, collecting earth in front to be thrown over.
No. 18 battery, one corporal, one Sapper, 40 men, heightening the parapet on right.
Fifth parallel, two Sappers, 40 men, working towards the right, building banquettes, and clearing the trench.
Fourth parallel, 30 men, heightening the parapet for rockets ; employed at engineers’ and doctors’ huts, one Sapper, 20 men.
Fifth parallel, filling bags for the night relief for advance, 30 men, one Sapper ; also 20 men and one Sapper employed clearing up the fifth parallel ; 20 men, one Sapper, collecting broken tools and barrels.
3 r

482
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Lfft Attack.
WOBKINO PARTY.
Line . . . 193 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer on duty Capt. Penn, R.A.
1. Seventy men employed in No. 19 battery to deepen and widen trench, and improve cover in communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries.
2. Thirty men employed in second parallel to continue drain b to front.
3. Twenty men in Cemetery, replacing gabions and filling them, also to deepen trench.
4. Twenty men in No. 17 battery, extending merlons to the front and thickening parapet.
5. Twenty men in centre communication to the fifth parallel, thickening parapet of double sap.
6. Twenty men on the right of the fifth parallel, making a traverse and improving cover.
7. Thirteen men in No. 8 batteiy, making embrasures Nos. 5 and 6 on outside.
No casualties ; nothing extraordinary.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 77°.
1855.
August 23, ITlgbt.
7 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Right Attack.
Remabks.
During the afternoon 40 more men were employed carrying up gabions and bags from the 21-gun battery to the fifth parallel. No casualties in the working party with the exception of one man slightly wounded in the arm.
1855.
August 23, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WOEKINO PABTY.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
{ Capt. Seeley, R.E. Csgt. Wolseley, 90tli
Sixty men and two Sappers in battery No. 21, thickening parapet, making epaulment, levelling terrepleine, forming magazine; 40 men and five Sappers in battery No. 17, repairing merlons, embrasures, and revetting ; 20 men and one Sapper in battery No. 18, forming epaulment, parapet, &c. ; 100 men and three Sappers in fifth parallel, extending it, and deepening and forming good cover ; 200 men and 12 Sappers employed in two reliefs of 100 each, forming the advance t on the Redan.
Twenty-two gabions were placed and filled last night, and earth thrown outside the gabions placed the previous night in .this trench.
I have to bring to your notice the conduct of Corporal Ross, Royal Sappers and Minors, the noncommissioned officer in charge of the Sappers at this advance, for the exemplary manner in which he did his duty.
Present him with three pounds.
(Signed) James Simpson,
Gen. Commg.
The work performed in the other places was done satisfactorily.
I heg to submit that I think if a heavier fire from the batteries could be kept up during the time the working party is employed in the new advanced trench t we should not be so annoyed by the enemy’s fire.
The casualties in the working parties were only six ; two Sappers and four men of the 77th, all wounded in the new advance t. The enemy’s fire was rather slack, except upon this work. The names of the Sappers are Private Colquhoun, 1st Company, and Lance-Corporal Baker, 7th Company, wounded slightly.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 48 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N. Thermometer in shade 77°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
483
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 24, Day.
5 A JI. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Woekieg Pasty.
Line ....
Sappers . . Officer on duty
fist relief, 150 men.
X 2d relief, 200 „ fist relief, 65 men.
{ 2d relief, 10 „
Lieut. Neville, E.E.
Detail.
Fifty men, three Sappers, draining and making banquettes in the fourth parallel, also filling bread- bags in the centre communication to fifth parallel; 30 men, two Sappers, widening trench and increasing cover at No. 19 battery ; 20 men, one Sapper, assisting miners at No. 17 battery ; six men, one Sapper, assisting miners to clear space for sea- service mortar at the left of No. 13 battery ; 14 men and two Sappers excavating for platform in No. 20 battery, and forming traverse ; 10 men, one Sapper, assisting builders in No. 8 battery, indenting parapet and rebuilding embrasures. Remainder employed carrying out material to the front.
2d Relief.
The same work as the 1st.
The enemy had three large working jiarties at about 3.0 p.m., apparently breaking ground on the north side of tho harbour, nearly on tlio top of the hill ; they used gabions.
1855.
August 24, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Carpenters . . S. miners Officer on duty
Wobking Pabty.
f 1st relief, 300 men.
■ • (.2d relief, 300
f 1st relief, 16 X 2d relief, 16 1st relief, 20 1st relief, 30 f Major Campbell, 46th. t Eegt.
1st Relief.
dence.
Fifth parallel
70 men.
No. 21 battery
70 men.
No. 18 battery
30 men.
No. 17 battery
20 men.
White rifle-pit q -
20 men.
Filling sandbags -
30 men.
Revetting parapet
20 men.
Carrying stores
20 men.
Engineers’ hut
10 men.
Doctors’ hut
10 men.
i brigades of Sappers in
general supei
2d Relief.
Fifth parallel
60 men.
No. 21 battery
70 men.
No. 18 battery
30 men.
No. 17 battery
30 men.
White rifle-pit q -
20 men.
Rocket parapet
- 20 men.
Carrying stores -
20 men.
Engineers’ hut
10 men.
Doctors’ hut
10 men.
Clearing trenches -
30 men.
Two brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
Five brigades of carpenters were employed at No. 17 battery, No. 18 battery, and doctors’ hut.
Thirty miners were employed in the fifth parallel and No. 18 battery.
A heavy fire of shell was kept up from the Redan into the Quarries during the afternoon.
Three casualties occurred amongst the working parties.
Nothing extraordinary occurred during my tour of duty.
3 p 2

484
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 24, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers . . . 10 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Montagu, R.E.
Placed four gabions at head j 2 of double sap j 1 j 2 , filled them, and backed them up with earth from sandbags filled during the day, as also repairing damage done to the sap duriug the day and night by round shot, 20 men ; carrying stone through the embrasures of No. 17 battery to thicken the merlons, 12 men ; making communication, rear of No. 8 battery, 50 men ; widening trench and improving cover in communication between batteries Nos. 11 and 12 for No. 19, 88 meii ; deepening trench and improving cover at the new cutting b near the drain from second parallel, which is close to No. 1 boyau, 30 men.
A very well-directed fire kept up on the double sap j j 2 , principally round shot.
There were also a few rounds of grape on different parts of the attack, by one of which the field officer of the working party was wounded, and obliged to return to camp.
A very heavy fire, and apparently a sortie on the French Right.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 13 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 81°.
1855.
August 24, Wight. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 370 men.
Sappers ... 24 „
Officer on duty Major Stanton, R.E.
Continuation of fifth parallel on right, 100 men ; repairing merlons, &c. in No. 17 battery, 20 men ; levelling terrepleine, No. 21 battery, 70 men ; making up epaulment on right of No. 18 battery, 30 men ; continuing the sap t from fifth parallel, 90 men ; building a traverse on left of fifth parallel, 20 men ; commencing excavation for magazine in fifth parallel, 20 men ; repairing magazine in No. 7 battery, 10 men; covering the top of magazine in No. 20, 10 men.
Three brigades of Sappers divided amongst the parties, superintending, placing gabions, &c.
Finding it too light to employ the whole of the party detailed for the new sap t, at the same time, I had this party divided into two reliefs, working an hour at a time, and succeeded in placing and filling 18 new gabions, and improved the former night’s work without a casualty.
I did not attempt to employ the sacks of earth till a little before the working party broke off, as the trench was too narrow to admit of their being passed without interfering with the men working, and it was too light to pass them along the reverse of the trench.
The work performed was generally satisfactory ; and I beg leave to mention Sergeant I-Iall of the Grenadier Guards for the maimer in which he exerted himself to keep the party under his charge at work.
Three pounds to be presented him in consequence of the report made of him by the officer of Royal Engineers commanding the advanced sap.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commg.
The enemy kept up a constant, and, occasionally, a heavy fire upon the trenches throughout the night j and about midnight a very heavy fire of musketry and shells occurred on the right of the French works, but I am unable to state whether the enemy made a sortie or not.
A building (apparently large) in the Karabelnaia suburb was burnt during the night, having caught fire during the engagement on the Right.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
485
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 25, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Officer on duty
/ 1st relief, 150 men.
(. 2d relief, 200 „
/ 1st relief, 30 „
( 2d relief, 39 „
(■Major. Chapman, 20th l Re*t.
1st Relief.
Five Sappers, 50 men, in fourth parallel, draining, building banquettes and traverses ; four Sappers, 20 men, in No. 19, improving cover, and heightening traverses, and building magazines ; four Sappers, 24 men, No. 17, building traverses, magazines, and filling bags ; four Sappers, 20 men, No. 8, rebuilding revetment of Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 gun portions; one Sapper, six men, excavating for sea-service mortar in No. 13; four Sappers, 20 men, in No. 20, building traverse and thickening parapet ; one Sapper, six men, in fifth parallel, filling bags; 10 Sappers blasting and mining.
The 2d relief of 200 men were employed as above ; the extra 50 in the second parallel; 10 men draining No. 19 ; 10 men filling bags, No. 13; 10 men repairing parapet ; 20 men in trench in rear of No.- 8, improving cover.
A brisk fire of musketry was kept up on the Redan from our trenches, and no working parties of the enemy were heard during the night.
The artillery placed three guns in No. 17 battery.
Casualties of working parties, one man killed, one man wounded.
Capt. Browne, K.E., wounded severely.
Sergt. B. Castledine, 1st Company, wounded slightly.
Killed, 5 rank and file. Wounded, 3 officers, 17 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 81°.
1855.
August 25, Day. 5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Line
Working Pasty.
1 1 st relief, 200 men.
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
_ 2d relief, 300 fist relief, 15 ,,
(2d relief, 15 „
< Lieut. SCRATCHLEY, t K.E.
1st Relief.
No. 21 battery, filling in and levelling the interior excavation, one non-commissioned officer, two Sappers, 60 men ; fifth parallel, repairing parapet and clearing trench, one non-commissioned officer, two Sappers, 50 men ; carrying powder barrels from different batteries to the Quarries, one Sapper, 10 men ; fourth parallel, repairing parapet and clearing trench, one non-commissioned officer, three Sappers, 50 men ; 21- gun battery, repairing embrasure and traverse, four Sappers, 30 men.
2d Relief.
Engineer hut, completing it, one Sapper, 10 men ; doctors’ hut, completing it, 10 men ; No. 21 battery, filling in and levelling the interior, one non-commissioned officer, one Sapper, 60 men ; carrying barrels to the Quarries, one Sapper, 10 men ; fourth parallel, repairing it, and clearing trench, two Sappers, 30 men; deepening trench in rear of fifth parallel, 20 men ; 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, two Sappers, 30 men ; powder magazine, fixing lintel to entrance, and clearing, one Sapper, five men ; No. 17 battery, altering embrasure, making ramps in rear of gun platforms, one non-commissioned officer, three Sappers, 30 men ; carrying wood for carpenters, 30 men ; rocket parapet, enlarging trench to the proper width by tasks, 35 men.

486
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Carrying out gabions, and repairing embrasures in No. 11 battery, six men ; working in communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries, widening trench and improving cover, 24 men ; improving trench in rear of magazine of battery No. 13, 30 men ; clearing out drain and improving cover in No. 1 boyau from 2d to 3d parallel, 10 men ; throwing broken stone on top of epaulment, on right of No. 17 battery, 10 men ; clearing trench a on extreme right of stone, and thickening parapet, 30 men ; carrying out gabions and breadbags, and building new traverse in double sap on right of fifth parallel, 20 men ; carrying out gabions, lengthening traverse at head of double sap j j 2 from fourth to fifth parallel, and thickening the parapet of rifle-pit on the left of sap, 20 men ; assisting Naval Brigade in the communication to No. 16 battery, improving cover, and widening trench, 50 men.
Very little firing occurred on this attack during the night.
Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 83°.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 21 ,,
, . ( I.ieut. Brink, K.E.
Officers on duly ( Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
The Sappers were employed in general superintendence, and repairing embrasures, No. 17 battery.
The working party, for the first time to my knowledge, was also got to work hy eight o’clock; but I still am of opinion that it would be most advisable if the officers in charge of working parties had strict orders never to leave them, and also if they were desired to encourage their men working as much as possible. No. 18 battery, heightening and thickening parapet and epaulment of new mortar portion on right, two Sappers, 40 men ; No. 21 battery, making epaulment, deepening magazine, and clearing out embrasures for fixing gabions, two Sappers, 60 men; No. 17 battery, revetting new and old embrasures, five Sappers, 20 men ; new approach t towards Redan, deepening and widening trench and forming cover, two reliefs, 1st relief 8 to 12, four Sappers, 50 men, 2d relief, 12 to 3, four Sappers, 50 men ; new trench i leading from fifth parallel down small ravine towards screen wall, where the Russians always post a picquet; 47 gabions placed; this party was first employed in carrying down gabions from the park, and afterwards from the Quarries; it was also ordered by the general not to break ground till the moon got down, two o’clock; the trench would be exposed, from its position, to little fire ; five Sappers and 100 men ; fifth parallel, deepening trench, and forming cover between small ravine and white pit q, three Sappers, 70 men.
The casualties were not numerous during the night. About three killed and 17 wounded.
At about 9 p.m. there was apparently a slight sortie from the Malakoff on the French, but it was quickly repulsed.
The French bugles gave the alarm by sounding “ garde-a-vous ” (attention) even before I heard musketry. This system must discomfit the enemy, as it always shows that the French are prepared for them.
The fire during the night was much as'usual.
I noticed this morning that the floating bridge is nearly completed, and I must not omit to mention that last evening the French sent across asking our batteries
1855.
August 25, Night.
7 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 10 „
Officer on duty Capt. Nicholson, R.E.
1855.
August 25, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
487
Left Attack.
1855.
August 26, Say. 6 a.m. to 10 a.m.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty |
1st relief, 150 tneu. 2d relief, 200 „
12 men.
Lieut. Jones, 46th Regt.
Two Sappers, 30 men, working in the right demi- parallel, clearing the trenches of stones, and building banquettes, from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. ; 50 men and two Sappers widening trench and thickening parapet, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; No. 14 battery, 10 men and one Sapper throwing earth on magazine under repair between Nos. 5 and 6 guns, from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. ; No. 8 battery, 30 men and one Sapper improving new trench of communication in rear of magazine, from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. ; No. 16 battery, one Sapper and 15 men, both reliefs, thickening traverse and eud of sailors’ communication to first parallel, also raising level of passage to small magazine with clay, from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. ; 20 men and one Sapper working at traverse, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; No. 9 battery, one Sapper, six men, revetting traverses with powder barrels, from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. ; 10 men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; No. 12 battery, six men, one Sapper, repairing revetments opposite No. 1 mortar with powder barrels ; 12 men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; 16 men and one Sapper in double sap j j 2 , filling breadbags, sandbags, &c., from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. ; 20 men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; 30 men at No. 15 repairing parapet in afternoon ; 28 men carrying stores to No. 5, from 3 p.m. to 7 P.M.
Remarks.
Very little fire on working parties. One man wounded.
Right Attack.
to fire on a flanking battery under the Malakoff, which annoys them greatly ; their request was partially attended to.
LancoCorporal W. Monds, 1st Company, wounded slightly. Killed, 8 rank and file. Wounded, 3 officers, 39 rank and file. Missing, 2 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 83°.
1855.
August 26, Day.
6 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
■Working Party.
Line .... Sappers . . . Carpenters . Officer on duty
( 1st relief, 386 men. f. 2d relief, 400 „
16 men.
16 „
f Lieut. Elphinstone, l R.E.
1. Fourth parallel, repairing shot holes, clearing trench, and thickening parapet, 1st relief, 100 men.
2. No. 17 battery, repairing the three old gun portions, and continuing to thicken the remainder of parapet, 1st and 2d reliefs, 30 men.
3. Rocket parapet, continuing to heighten and thicken with earth from the rear, 1st and 2d reliefs, 30 men.
4. Engineers’ and doctors’ huts, deepened excavation by six inches, 2d relief, 30 men.
5. Fifth parallel, repairing shot holes and rebuilding, clearing trenches, uud thickening purupet, &c., 1st and 2d reliefs, 30 men.
6. New approach t towards the Redan ; continued to widen and deepen the trenches ; although the fire was very heavy, and a good deal of damage was at first done to the sap, yet the working party were able to finish their task without sustaining any injury ; 1st relief, 20 men.
7. Repairing shot holes in Left approaches leading to Egerton’s rifle-pit e, heightening parapet, &c., 1st relief, 36 men, 2d relief, 60 men.
8. New battery No. 22, in small rifle-pit in rear of Egerton’s ; commenced to excavate the terrepleine ; soil very good ; more gabions might have been placed could I have obtained them ; to obtain these I was obliged to take some from the approach leading to the Quarries ; 2d relief, 20 men.
9. No. 18 battery, continuing to thicken parapet on the extreme right, and deepening terrepleine, 1st relief, 40 men, 2d relief, 30 men.
10. No. 21 battery, continuing to build up ten’e- pleine, thickening parapet, and excavating for magazine, 1st relief, 60 men, 2d relief, 40 men.

4S8
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
August 26, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.SI.
Working Party.
Line ....
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 194 men.
2d relief, 12 „
9 men.
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
A party of 10 men were employed in No. 11 battery revetting the embrasures of No. 5 gun. A party of 30 men were employed in the communication from Nos. 11 to 12, improving cover of trench. A party of 10 men were employed at the cutting near the drain of the second parallel, widening the trench. A party of 72 men were employed in the communication from No. 2 battery to the right of the second parallel; they excavated 140 yards ; 30 men were employed in No. 8 battery, cutting a trench in rear of and joining the two right magazines in the battery, and in extending the trench to the traverse ; 30 men were employed in the centre communication to the fifth parallel, extending it towards the fifth parallel. The communication was continued about 10 yards. The number of gabions used on both sides of the sap, 24.
2d Relief.
A 2d relief of 12 men came in at 2 A.M., and worked until daylight, thickening the parapet.
These were reserved from the working party. Nothing of importance occurred during the night.
Killed, 6 rank and file. Wounded, 14 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
Right Attack.
11. Carrying condemned stores to the 21-gun battery, and collecting powder barrels, 1st and 2d reliefs, 10 men.
12. Old advance or third parallel, revetting, heightening, and thickening parapet, &c., 1st relief, 36 men, 2d relief, 100 men.
13. Commencing excavation for new magazine in rear of Quarries, 2d relief, 20 men.
14. The Sappers employed generally superintending the working parties; the carpenters in laying and relaying platforms, Nos. 9, 18, and 21 batteries.
15. The bridge across the harbour is very nearly completed. There was nothing particular observable on the part of the enemy.
1855.
August 26, Vlght.
Si P.M. to 21 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 396 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
Officer on duty Lieut. IIaykkn, R.E.
In right of fifth parallel, 100 men, two Sappers, improving cover; in sixth parallel t, 100 men, eight Sappers, widening trench and improving cover ; 10 men, one Sapper, constructing powder magazine in rear of fourth parallel ; No. 21 battery, 25 men, two Sappers, levelling the battery and preparing for platforms ; No. 14 battery, 25 men, eight Sappers, repairing embrasures ; No. 9 battery, 30 meil, three Sappers, repairing the embrasures, and forming a 2-gun portion on the left to fire on Redan flank ; No. 18 battery, 20 men, two Sappers, repairing the parapet, and increasing its height on the right for two mortars ; new approach i up the little ravine to the Right of approach on Redan, 30 men, one Sapper ; traverse on Left approach, 10 men, one Sapper; generally employed in the trenches, carrying gabions, breadbags, &c., 46 men, three Sappers.
Remarks.
In consequence of the extreme brilliancy of the moon it was found impossible to advance the approach i to the right up the little ravine.
The working party employed deepening the former obtained excellent cover and sustained trifling loss ; in the latter the working party were completely shelled out by the enemy at an early period.
The Russians appeared in force on the Right, and drove in our sentries.
The fire from the Redan was very heavy and sustained during the whole night; grape and shell were especially directed against our advanced trenches, and

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
489
Left Attack.
1855.
August 27| Day.
6 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 p.m.
Line
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Working Paett.
fist relief, 140 men.
' * 12d relief, 200 „
/ 1st relief, 40 „
* * 12d relief, 15 „
Lieut. Neville, R.E.
Detail.
Three Sappers, 40 men, draining fourth parallel, making banquettes, &c. ; six miners, 10 men, at No. 13 battery, excavating for sea-service mortar ; one Sapper, 20 men, excavating and clearing trench at No. 17 battery ; one Sapper, 30 men, at No. 8 battery, rebuilding Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 embrasures ; two Sappers, 20 men, at the communication in rear of No. 8 battery ; two Sappers, 20 men, at No. 19 battery, preparing for Lancaster gun ; one Sapper, 10 men, filling bags in centre communication to fifth parallel.
The 2d relief was detailed similarly to the 1st.
Right Attack.
caused heavy loss among the guards of the trenches, the 90th Regiment alone losing 36 men killed and wounded. Our batteries replied with great vigour for upwards of an hour, and for a short period silenced the Russian guns, but the enemy again re-opened his fire towards daybreak, though not so heavily as before.
I beg to recommend Private Moucker, 2d Company, and Private Fitzgerald, 9th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, for great steadiness under fire, and would suggest that their working pay should be raised from second to first class, as an acknowledgment of their example to the troops under their superintendence.
I beg to mention the praiseworthy conduct of Corporal M‘Murphy and Privates Moucker and Fitzgerald, Royal Sappers and Miners. When, in the Right approach i, a shell fell in the trench, and kilted a man of the working party, who immediately retired, and refused to get their comrade’s body, the above- mentioned men returned, and carried out the body, under a heavy fire of shell.
Killed, 4 rank and flic. Wounded, 1 officer, 49 rank and flic.
Naval Brigade
Wounded, 2 seamen.
Privates Moucker and Fitzgerald to receive 2/. each.
Corporal M*Murphy to receive 3/.
(Signed) J. Simpson,
Genl. Comg.
Day very fine. Wind W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
WOBKING PaBTT.
T • „ f1st relief, 406 men.
Lttte .... 12d relief, 400 „
Qmrur,**.. fist relief, 13 „
Sappers. . . 1 2d relief ; 13 ”
Officer on duty { *> th
1st Relief.
One hundred men and three Sappers in fifth parallel, building and repairing banquettes ; 100 men and one Sapper in third parallel, repairing parapet and banquette ; 86 men and three Sappers in fourth parallel, repairing parapet and banquettes ; 30 men and one Sapper in No. 9 battery, preparing position for two additional guns on its left; thickening parapet; 30 men and one Sapper in No. 18 battery, thickening right epaulment; 20 men and one Sapper in No. 21 battery, thickening and raising traverse, and excavating for magazine; 20 men and one Sapper in new battery No. 22 between third parallel and
3 Q
1855.
August 27, Say.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 F.M. to 7 P.M.

490
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack:
The Russians were very busy on the north side. Above 1,000 men were at work there all day, throwing up fresh intrenchinents. In the afternoon some loads of hay (2) were brought across the bridge over the harbour.
1855.
August 27, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
WORKING PAETT.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 13 „
Officers on duty Capt. Montagu, R.E.
Completed the embrasure for gun No. 5 in battery No. 11, and widened trench and improved cover to communication between batteries Nos. 11 and 12, 50 men ; rebuilding embrasure to No. 1 battery, 25 men ; deepening trench and improving cover to the two trenches leading into second parallel from the sailors’ communication, 70 men ; building traverse between guns in No. 17 battery, 10 men ; thickening parapet, and filling gabions, and clearing trench of double sap ji 2 , 1st relief, 20 men, 2d relief, 15 men.
In consequence of the fire kept up of shells and shot, very little work was done at this last point; very few bags had been filled previously.
With the exception of the fire kept up on the double sap, there was very little directed on the Left
Right Attack.
Egerton’s rifle-pit (this battery will fire on lcft’flauk of Redan), heightening and thickening parapet; 10 men carrying barrels from various batteries to tool depot ; new magazine in rear of Quarries, 10 men and one Sapper excavating for frames.
2d Relief.
One hundred men and three Sappers in fifth parallel; 80 men and two Sappers in fourth parallel; 20 men and one Sapper, carrying materials ; 10 men and one Sapper repairing Nos. 2, 3, and 5 magazines in Woronzoff Ravine ; 30 men and two Sappers in No. 9 battery ; 30 men and one Sapper in No. 18 battery; 20 men and one Sapper in No. 21 battery; new magazine behind Quarries, 10 men ; 20 men carrying materials from first parallel; 20 men and one Sapper in new battery No. 22, in rear of Egerton’s rifle-pit; in fourth parallel, 80 men and two Sappers.
The raft bridge across the harbour is completed, and had considerable traffic on it during the day. I regret to state that one of the two 10-incli guns on the right of No. 14 battery was disabled this morning.
The salient of the Redan was considerably injured towards the evening by our fire.
The enemy’s fire during the day was heavier than usual, and they kept up a continual fire upon the several working parties. I am happy to state we had no casualties amongst them.
I Working Paety.
1855. J Line .... 400 men.
August 27, Nignt. ! Uppers. . . RE
9 F.M. to 2 a.m. j- Officers on duty -^Ca^t^ANDEKSON, 31st
The Sappers were distributed in general superintendence of working parties.
Eighty men were employed repairing third parallel, shot holes, &c. ; 100 men in the 8 and 5-gun batteries, Nos. 9 and 14, repairing embrasures, which were much damaged, and revetting the interior, &c. ; 50 men extending the parapet on the right of No. 14 battery ; 20 men making a new battery in rear of Egerton’s pit, to fire on left flank of Redan ; 15 men excavating for new small-arm magazine in rear of Quarries ; 60 men forming a parapet in continuation of No. 18 battery for mortars ; 60 men employed carrying and collecting stores, &c.
In consequence of the brightness of the moonlight, the general of the trenches would not allow any work-

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
491
Left Attack.
attack, but a heavy fire with the French on the Left, and occasionally the same on the Right.
No casualties among the working party.
Rebuilt place-of-arms e 2 in fourth parallel which had been destroyed during the day, 10 men.
■Wounded, 6 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind (light") N.W. Thermometer in shade 76°.
1855.
August 28, Day.
5 A.V. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
T < 1st relief, 150 men. iam .... ( re ii e f, 2 00 „
{ 1st relief, 70 men. Sappers. . . ( 2 drelief, 30 „
__f Major Chatman, 20th
Officer on duly ^ ilegt.
1st Relief.
Three Sappers, 20 men, in No. 9, repairing traverses, and assisting Naval Brigade in blasting, &c. ; four Sappers, 30 men, No. 17, cutting new embrasure, building traverses, filliug sandbags, excavating ; Three Sappers, 50 men, assisting Sergeant Jervoise in drainage, and making banquettes in fourth parallel ; one Sapper, 10 men, excavating terrepleine for sea- service mortar ; one Sapper, 20 men, in No. 19, preparing communication from Nos. 11 to 12 into a battery, No. 19 ; four Sappers, 20 men, No. 8, rebuilding interior revetment ; one Sapper, 60 sailors, in communication to No. 10 ; two Sappers in charge of tools; two sergeants superintending ; 21 carpenters, 16 miners, Corporal Philips, and nine Sappers, employed under the special direction of Major Bent.
2d Relief.
Two hundred men as above ; the additional 50 as follows:—No. 12, 20 men rebuilding traverses; double sap jj 2 to fifth parallel, 10 men filling bags ; 20 men collecting and carrying materials.
The bells in the town were ringing all the morning.
Right Attack.
ing parties to be placed in the advance or the open places, therefore I placed the men in parts where work could be done, and I found the 8 and 5-gun batteries, Nos. 9 and 14, required a great deal of work done to them.
I have no casualties in the working parties to report, and the extent of work done quite satisfactory.
The new bridge across the harbour was greatly used yesterday, late in the afternoon, by the enemy.. They were bringing over single and double horsed carts, apparently loaded, from the north to the south, side.
I have nothing further to report.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 13 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Wounded, 3 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind (light) N.W. Thermometer in shade 76°.
1855.
August 28, Day.
5 a.m. to 9 A.M.
3 r.M. to 7 P.ii.
WOBKIJiG PaBTY.
Line . . , . | Sappers . . . £
Officer on duty
1st relief, 275 men.
2d relief, 242 „
1st relief, 10 men.
2d relief, 14 „
Lieut. Kelsall, R.E.
1st Relief.
Fifth parallel, improving and making up banquette, four Sappers and 80 men ; new magazine in rear of Quarries, continuing excavation, one Sapper, 15 men ; making up parapet on right of No. 18 battery, one Sapper and 30 men ; new gun portion on right, No. 14, in second parallel, one Sapper, 30 men ; making up banquette and improving cover, fourth parallel, one Sapper, 50 men ; improving parapet, third parallel, one Sapper, 50 men ; continuing parapet for one gun, No. 22 battery, behind Egef ton’s rifle-pit.
2d Relief.
No. 21 battery, three Sappers, 50 men ; rocket parapet, fourth parallel, one Sapper, 30 men ; magazine in rear of Quarries, one Sapper, 12 men ; new battery, No. 22, in rifle-pit, one Sapper, 20 men ; fifth parallel, three Sappers, 20 men ; No. 14 battery, two Sappers, 60 men ; No. 18 battery, two Sappers, 30 men ; No. 17 battery, one Sapper, 20 men.
3 q 2

492
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
I observed no movement in the town, and the fire of the enemy was very slight.
No casualties occurred to the working party.
Working Paett.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 10 „
Officer on duty Capt. Nicholson, R.E.
Improving parapet of communication to fifth parallel in front of last traverse, and placing gabions right and left of sap, 20 men, two Sappers ; carrying up earth in bags from lower ledge to No. 3 embrasure, ready to build parapet in No. 17 battery, 10 men, one Sapper ; improving cover in sailors’ communication to No. 2 parallel, 60 men, two Sappers ; improving cover in No. 19 battery, 50 men, two Sappers ; improving cover in communication in rear of magazines in No. 8 battery, 30 men, one Sapper ; making new trench of communication in rear of battery No. 14, 30 men, one Sapper.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 5 rank and Ale.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
1855.
August 28, Wight.
7 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 28, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 390 men.
Sappers ... 19 „
("Major Stanton, R.E. Officers on duty ^Major Campbell, 40tli
Detail.
New sap t in advance of the fifth parallel, four Sappers, 40 men ; new approach i in little ravine in advance of fifth parallel, two Sappers, 30 men ; right of fifth parallel, two Sappers, 30 men ; traverse on left of fifth parallel, one Sapper, 20 men ; continuation of No. 14 battery, one Sapper, 50 men ; repairing embrasures of ditto, six Sappers, 40 men ; making a battery, No. 22, on the right of No. 2 demi-parallel, on the Left, one Sapper, 20 men; No. 18 battery, continuation, one Sapper, 60 men ; No. 21 battery, one Sapper, 30 men.
The sap ton the Redan was advanced 12 gabions, which were placed and filled by the Sappers, the working party being employed widening and deepening the trench. This method was adopted ns the night was too light to allow the approach to be carried on by flying sap.
In the new approach i in the ravine, Major Campbell succeeded in placing and filling 30 gabions, as well as improving the portion of trench already commenced.
The party on the right of the fifth parallel was employed improving the parapet as much as possible.
The remaining parties were employed thickening parapets of batteries Nos. 18 and 21, and repairing the embrasures and merlons generally in No. 14 battery.
The work was generally satisfactory, and no casualties occurred amongst the working parties whilst at work, but I regret to state that three or four men were wounded previous to the parties being told off, and about the same number by the explosion of a magazine in the Mamelon, the debris of which fell in our trenches, and caused several casualties.
The enemy’s fire during the night appeared to be principally directed against the French Right, but a sharp musketry fire was kept upon our trenches from the Redan, as also a steady fire of shells, &c.
No movement was perceived amongst the enemy, but laden carts appeared to be leaving the town, and

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
493
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 29, Day.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
15 men.
Lieut. Jones, 4Gth Rcgt.
Detail.
No. 19 battery, 30 men and two Sappers blasting and clearing away blasts, from 5 a.m. to 9 A.M.
Thirty men and one Sapper at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
No. 13 battery, 10 men and one Sapper employed in fixing platform for sea-service mortar, both reliefs.
Forty men and three Sappers employed in draining and clearing fourth parallel, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m.
Fifty men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
No. 17 battery, 30 men and two Sappers assisting miners, and clearing right demi-parallel, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m.
Thirty men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Double sap, 10 men and one Sapper filling bags, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m.
Ten men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
No. 8 battery, 30 men and four Sappers building up parapet of No. 8, and altering embrasures, from 5 a.m. to 9 A.M.
Thirty men at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Twenty men improving trench in rear of batteries in third parallel, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Twenty men and one Sapper carrying stones to No. 5 from the different parallels, &c.
Party of sailors blasting, with one Sapper, in sailors’ ommunication, both reliefs.
Two miners blasting in space on right of No. 14 for gun instead of mortar, from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m.
Remarks.
The salient of the Redan is very much damaged by fire from the Right attack. A great many horses and carts crossing the bridge from the south side. No casualties in the working parties.
empty ones arriving by the bridge across the harbour. I was requested by Colonel Kennedy to state that a small-arm magazine was required in the Quarries, for the purpose of keeping the ammunition for the Enfield rifles separate from that of the miners.
Killed, 0 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 62 rank and file.
Xaval Brigade,—
Wounded, l seaman.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 80°.
Working Party.
fist relief, 300 men. i.tne .... } 2d relief, 270 „
***"«• • ■ {l& 16 Z n -
Carpenters. . 1st relief, 16 men.
L. miners . . 1st relief, 35 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
1st Relief.
Thirty men, No. 18 battery, completing on the right.
Fifty men, 2-gun portion on the right of No. 14 battery.
Twelve men, new magazine in rear of Quarries, excavating for same.
Fifteen men, battery for one gun, rear of Egerton’s pit.
Eighty men in the fifth parallel, repairing damages done during the previous night, and improving cover.
Forty men in the third parallel, re-making in the centre where there was little or no cover.
Fifty men increasing terrepleine of rocket trench.
Twenty men carrying material from 21-gun battery.
Four brigades of carpenters employed—
Two brigades completed two platforms in No. 21 battery.
One brigade, excavating and fixing frame in magazine, No. 21 battery.
One brigade relaying platform in No. 18 battery, also repairing platform in No. 17, damaged during the night by a shell.
Thirty-five miners employed—
Seven quarrying in No. 18 battery.
Two miners and two Sappers excavating for magazine, No. 19 battery.
Twenty-six miners quarrying in fifth parallel.
2d Relief.
Thirty men, No. 18 battery.
Fifty men, 2-gun portion to the right of No. 14 battery.
1855.
August 29, Day.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.

494
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
.Left Attack;
1855.
August 29, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
• Working Party.
Line .... 190 men. ■
Sappers . . . 10
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E. |
I
A party of 55 men were employed in No. 19 battery, thickening the two left gun portions, and in altering the bollards which projected in the sole of the embrasure, and revetting one gabion each cheek. Some of this party were extended in the communication from No. 11 to No. 12 battery.
A party of 56 men were employed in the drain cutting leading from the second parallel, extending i the trench 13 yards, and making a return 47 yards in length. !
Thirty men were employed in No. 17 battery, cutting down sole of embrasures, raising the traverse on the left, nnd the traverse between the guns, and improving the cover in the trench leading to the Woronzoff Road.
A party of 24 men were employed in No. 14 battery cutting a trench in rear of the battery.
A party of 25 men were employed in the trench of the centre communication to the fifth parallel thickening and improving the parapet with breadbags, and repairing the damage done by the enemy’s fire.
Nothing of importance occurred during the night.
Killed, 1 rank and flic. Wounded, 3 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 75°.
Right Attack.
Twelve men, magazine in rear of Quarries.
Fifteen men, gun battery No. 22, in rear of Egerton’s pit in left demi-parallel.
Six men repairing magazine in Caves, Woronzoff Road.
Twenty men, repairs in fourth parallel, and Right approach m to fifth parallel.
Thirty men carrying material to Quarries.
Twenty men, doctors’ hut.
Eighty men, fifth parallel in the centre.
Ten men, No. 21 battery, revetting embrasures.
1855.
August 29, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
{ Lieut. Elpiiinbtone, R.E.
Lieut. SCRATCULEY,R.Et
1. No. 20 battery, repairing embrasures, and raising sole so as to suit the travelling carriages, 20 men.
2. No. 17 battery, repairing embrasures, heightening parapet, and repairing traverse ; the two right embrasures continued to be constructed, 30 men.
3. Magazine in rear of Quarries, deepening excavation for body and passage by about two feet, 10 men.
4. New buttery No. 22, in rear of Egerton’s rifle- pit, extending excavation to the right, and placing and filling 10 barrels, continuing to thicken parapet of former part, 20 men.
5 . No. 21 battery, continuing to revet and cut embrasures, 20 men.
6. No. 18 battery, continuing to thicken parapet of extreme right portion, 40 men.
7. The 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, traverses, &c., 40 men.
8. Fifth parallel, continuing to thicken parapet and improve cover of portion between the white rifle* pit q and the ravine to its left; ground very rocky and bad ; cover still very low in many places ; 80 men.
9. New advance t on Redan, improving cover of old part, and widening trench, 40 men, two feet-on an average ; the new advanced part, which was carried on by sap by one brigade Sappers, was continued on the same line ; 15 gabions were placed and filled with trench alongside ; the ground is again becoming very good, much better than along the previous 20 gabions.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
495
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
10. Right advance i on rifle-pit x, the old part was widened and deepened, the sap extended in the same line ; 50 gabions were placed and filled ; more would have been placed if the gabions that were sent by the working parties had arrived sooner ; 80 men.
I regret to state that in working this trench two men were killed and four wounded.
The enemy did not disturb us until we had nearly completed, when they opened a well-directed fire of two field-pieces, the two first shots of which caused the above casualties.
As they continued this fire, and were overthrowing a good number of gabions, I directed the men to leave off work before their time.
The ground is becoming more rocky as we advance. The crest of the little knoll is all rock, with hardly any soil whatever. We shall have to advance at least 150 yards before we can obtain a sufficiently commanding view of the low batteries of the Redan. In advancing to reconnoitre the ground the enemy fired from a small screen of stones, not more than about 80 yards from our present advanced position, and wounded one of the men with me. We shall be obliged to drive these men out of this rifle-screen before we can advance many yards further.
11. The Redan seemed to bo a good deal damaged
by yesterday’s firing.
The Tower appeared to be, however, in very good order.
12. During the whole of last night a continuous string of men were passing and repassiug outside the Russian works between the salient of Redan and WoronzofF Ravine. They walked slowly thither, and retired at a run, leaving one to suppose that they were carrying things to that spot.
Killed, 4 rank and file. ‘Wounded, 2 officers, 27 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 7o°.
1855.
August 30, 3>ay.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Pasty.
Line . . . . |
Blasters . . . Sappers . . . £ Officer on duty
1st relief, 153 men.
2d relief, 290 „
1st relief, 43 „
1st relief, 57 „
2d relief, *14 „
Capt. Montagu, R.E.
1st Relief.
Converting communication between batteries Nos. 11 and 12 into a gun and mortar battery, No. 19, and covering magazine with earth, 30 men ; preparing for laying platform for a third gun in No. 17 battery,
1855.
August 30, Say. 5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line
Sappers . OffiCi
/1st relief, 242 men. 12d relief, 300 „
24 men.
Officer on duty Lieut. Ranken, R.E.
1st Relief.
Magazine in rear of Quarries, deepening, 12 men and one Sapper ; approach t on Redan from fifth parallel, deepening and widening sap, 10 men and one Sapper ; approach i from fifth parallel near little

496
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
and building traverse, and improving cover in right demi-parallel, 40 men ; making good banquettes and parapet, and draining fourth parallel, 50 men ; building embrasures to guns 5, 6, 7, and 8, in No. 8 battery, 30 men ; clearing away stone in rear of right platform in No. 14 battery, 10 men ; placing earth on top of magazine under bank to No. 16 battery, 30 men.
2d Relief.
Converting communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries into a gun and mortar battery, No. 19, and covering magazine with earth, 40 men ; preparing stone for thickening parapet, and clearing trench, and improving cover in right demi-parallel, 35 men ; improving cover and clearing trench on right of fourth parallel, 15 men ; building embrasures to Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 guns in battery No. 8, and improving cover and deepening trench in rear of batteries Nos. 8 and 14, 80 men ; placing earth on top of magazine to No. 16, and improving trench leading to sailors’ communication, 30 men; filling sandbags, and placing them in the double sap jj 2 , and clearing trench, 25 men ; making good banquettes, and draining fourth parallel, 35 men ; carrying timber, and excavating for doctors’ and engineers’ huts in first parallel, 30 men.
Private J. A. Ecclcs, lith Company, wounded severely.
Right Attack.
ravine, 30 men, one Sapper ; fifth parallel between Quarries and new approach t on salient of Redan, deepening trench, 50men, one Sapper; No. 18battery, thickening parapet, and removing loose stone blasted by miners, 30 men, one Sapper; No. 8mortar battery, improving parapet, 40 men, one Sapper ; magazine in Caves, Woronzoff Ravine, building up wall with stones and powder barrels, 10 men, one Sapper ; making loopholes along fifth parallel with sandbags and bread- bags, two Sappers ; No. 14 battery, second parallel, two new gun portions on right of battery, 50 men, one Sapper ; repairing shot holes, Left advance, 10 men, one Sapper.
2d Relief.
Additional in afternoon, new magazine near Quarries, commencing a magazine for small-arm ammunition, six men, one Sapper ; new traverse between second and third parallel, renewing the traverse, with additions, 30 men, one Sapper ; carrying party, 10 men, one Sapper; No. 21 battery, revetting embrasure, one Sapper, 32 men.
The enemy’s fire was slack during the morning, and no interruption was given to the working parties.
The pnrty employed in improving the purupot in front of No. 8 mortar battery finished their work in the morning.
I employed a party of the same strength during the afternoon, in improving the parapet of the centre of the fourth parallel. In the afternoon I was obliged, here and there, to place one Sapper in charge of two small parties.
The 10 men employed in deepening and widening the approach from the fifth parallel were all volunteers.
They worked well and steadily, and I merely fulfil a promise made to them at the commencement of their work by recommending that they should receive a small increase of working pay for the morning’s labour.
Many of the sandbags received proved to be rotten.
I have no incident of any importance to record.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
497
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
August 30, Night.
8 F.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 12 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, E.E.
Detail.
Double sap leading to fifth parallel, two Sappers, 20 men, carrying out small sandbags, and emptying the earth over parapet ; parapet repaired ; the large bags were carried down, but from the lightness of the night very few could be placed in front; No. 17 battery, two Sappers, 20 men, right epaulment thickened, embrasure of No. 3 gun revetted one large gabion more to the front, one small gabion placed at the angle of left cheek of one gun, instead of the stone revetment ; No. 19 battery, two Sappers, 20 men, additional gabion added to the left Lancaster gun embrasure, and parapet thickened ; 30 men improving cover between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries ; right of fifth parallel, one Sapper and 30 men, clearing out the trench ; communication in rear of Nos. 8 and 14 batteries, three Sappers, 40 men, widening trench and improving cover ; No. 8 battery, guns Nos. 5 and 6 revetted with iron gabions, one Sapper, 12 men ; second parallel, one Sapper, 26 men, improving cover of new trench (u).
There was a great deal of firing on the Right attack, about 12.30, with yells and shouts, but if it was a sortie it appeared to be speedily repulsed.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Naval BrigadeWounded, 3 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 75°.
1855.
August 30, Night.
8 F.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 27 „
("Lieut. Dumaresq, R.E. Officers on duty < Capt. Wolseley, 90th t Regt.
No. 22 battery, 35 men, two Sappers, continuing the trench to be converted into a battery ; at a new approach r from Egerton’s rifle-pit to fourth parallel, 10 men, two Sappers; approach t on Redan, one brigade of Sappers continuing the trench by single sap ; 80 men widening and deepening the part in rear, 15 gabions placed and filled ; 10 men, one Sapper, making sandbag loopholes in fifth parallel ; 20 men, one Sapper, building revetment walls in fifth parallel; No. 14 battery, 60 men, three Sappers, at two-gun portion on the right; 30 men, seven Sappers, repairing the embrasures ; in Right advance i from fifth parallel, 65 men, two Sappers, continuing the trench; one Sapper, 10 men, placing gabions on exterior slope of revetment of No. 21 battery.
Remarks.
At about'12.30 A.M. a party of the enemy, apparently about 20 or 25 in number, made an attack on the advance i up the little ravine from the fifth parallel. The working pnrty retired in great confusion, in spite of repeated attempts on Captain Wolseley’s part to rally them, and the Russians threw down about 50 gabions into the trench ; they then retreated,, keeping up a fire of musketry, which caused considerable loss. The guns also from the batteries below the Malakoff opened, and caused numerous casualties by stones. Amongst the wounded I regret to say was Captain Wolseley, who was severely cut in the face and leg by stones.
The guard of the trenches was very strong in the fifth parallel, and there were abundance of men near the entrance to the sap; but the attack was so sudden, that unless the working party themselves repulsed the enemy the mischief done to the trench could not be prevented.
Captain Wolseley had placed about 50 gabions, and was proceeding to fill them when the attack took place, all of which, and a considerable quantity besides, were overturned into the trench by the enemy. No more work was done there, on account of the precision of the artillery fire from the Malakoff batteries, and also the incessaut fire of musketry, as the enemy only retired about 200 yards down the ravine.
3 R

498
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
The casualties among the working party were very great, amounting to 12 out of 65, and these in a very short space of time.
In the single sap t on the Redan 15 gabions were placed. As the soil was very bad towards the top, I considered this a fair night’s work for the Sappers. The fire also was heavy on this trench, the Sappers having frequently to put up gabions which had been knocked away. The sap began to incline to the left.
Capt. G. Wolsclcy, 90th Regiment, Assistant Engineer, ■wounded severely.
Killed, 1 officer, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 3 officers, 33 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Wounded, 3 seamen.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 75°.
1855.
August 31, Say.
S A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
WORKING PARTy.
Line . . . . £ Sappers . . . Officer on duty
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
10 men.
Capt. Nicholson, R.E.
1st Relief.
Draining fourth parallel, revetting and forming banquettes, 40 men, three Sappers ; converting communication between batteries Nos. 11 and 12, 30 men, one Sapper ; revetting parapet, and preparing for sea- service mortar in battery No. 13,10 men, one Sapper ; forming embrasures and merlons, and repairing magazines in battery No. 8, and preparing space on right of battery No. 14 for additional gun, 30 men, one Sapper ; placing more earth on magazine of battery No. 16, 10 men and one Sapper ; widening trench and improving cover in right demi-parallel and No. 17 battery, 24 men and one Sapper; engineer hut, six men, one Sapper.
2d Relief.
Draining, revetting, and forming banquette in fourth parallel, 60 men, two Sappers; converting parallel between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries, 40 men and two Sappers ; improving cover in right demi-parallel, 20 men, one Sapper; bringing up materials for sea- service mortar in battery No. 13, and repairing parapet in battery No. 15, 10 men and one Sapper ; rebuilding and repairing embrasures and merlons in battery No. 8, and widening trench in rear of battery No. 14, 50 men,
1855.
Augrust 31, Say.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Pahtt.
Li ne ....
Sappers . . . Carpenters Miners {Line) Officer on duty
fist relief, 300 men. (.2d relief, 262 „
21 men.
8 „
43 „
f Capt. Anderson, 31st 1 Regiment.
1. Fifty men employed in making bnnquettes in Right approach, 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief, 40 men.
2. Forty men making good Left approach and communication to third parallel, both reliefs.
3. Twelve men in larger magazine behind Quarries, both reliefs.
4. Ten men at small-arm magazine, excavating, both reliefs.
5. Forty men employed at 2-gun portion between Nos, 9 and 14 batteries, both reliefs.
6. Fifty men, 1st relief, and 30 men, 2d relief, in fifth parallel, in parts which required heightening.
7. Thirty men in and on the right of No. 18 battery, excavating and thickening parapet, both reliefs.
8. Sixty-eight men, 1st relief, and 20 men, 2d relief, in new battery No. 22, excavating, and thickening parapet.
9. Employed repairing magazine in Caves, 2d relief, 10 men.
10. Two brigades of Sappers were employed in general superintendence.
11. Two brigades of carpenters were employed placing magazine in 21-gun battery; 30 men were employed during 2d relief carrying frames for

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
499
Left Attack.
three Sappers ; cutting drain through parapet of sailors’ communication, and forming engineers’ hut, 20 men, one Sapper.
Miners in morning.
One corporal, 10 miners, battery No. 19; one corporal, 13 miners, right demi-parallel ; one corporal, seven miners, battery No. 13.
Carpenters in morning.
Right Attack.
magazine at Quarries Battery, and placing frames for the magazine.
12. The miners were employed as follows :—
6 men at No. 18 battery.
2 men at Right approach.
35 men in fifth parallel.
1 corporal and four Sappers employed with miners.
Private, ffm. Thompson, 10th Company, wounded slightly.
Three laying platform, No. 19 battery; two repairing magazine in No. 8 battery ; three sea-service mortars, No. 13 battery; one guttering, No. 14 battery; one draining fourth parallel; two shell room, No. 17 battery ; three engineers’ hut.
One corporal superintending.
I beg to remark that the working party of the 1st Royals under command of Captain Wells showed the most praiseworthy zeal in the completion of the tasks allotted to them.
1855.
August 31, Nig-bt.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
A party of 30 men were employed on the left of No. 19 battery, thickening the 2-gun portion from the rear.
A party of 44 men were employed on the right of No. 19, widening the trench and thickening the parapet.
A party of 15 men were employed in cutting a drain (20 yards) in the Right approach to the second parallel from No. 2 battery, 1st parallel.
A party of 10 men were employed in masking the embrasures of Nos. 5 and 6 guns in No. 8 battery, to enable the parties to work by day.
Fifteen men were employed in the centre communication to the fifth parallel, removing stone blasted by miners, and thickening the parapet at the head of the sap.
Twenty men were employed in No. 17 battery, raising the traverse on the left two courses of bread- bags, and filling up the hollow where the merlon meets the right traverse.
A party of 40 men were employed in cutting a trench, 47 yards long, between the fourth and fifth parallel.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sanpers ... 82 „
Officer on duty Capt. Sedley, K.E.
One brigade of Sappers and 10 men in the new advance t on the Redan, deepening trench, strengthening the parapet; 10 gabions were placed and filled here, and good work done ; one brigade of Sappers and 50 men at the advance sap i on the Right from fifth parallel; one Sapper, 50 men, at battery No. 22, forming parapet, &c. ; four Sappers, 10 men, making a new approach r from near Egerton’s rifle-pit to fourth parallel; 50 men, two Sappers, at new 2-gun portion near No. 14 battery, forming parapet; one Sapper, 40 men, in battery No. 21, forming an epaul- ment; two Sappers, 20 men, at the 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures ; two Sappers, 20 men, repairing embrasures in No. 17 battery; three Sappers, 30 men, opening three new embrasures in battery No. 17.
The work performed was, considering the firing, satisfactory, except at the new Right sap i from the fifth parallel, from which I withdrew the men at 12.30 a.m., owing to the severe loss of the working party, which was 11 -casualties, and the captain in charge, who is, I am afraid, dangerously wounded.
After setting the men to work, and replacing 16 gabions which were displaced the previous night, the
3 k 2
W'OEKING PABTY. Line ....
Sanpers . . .
Officer on duty
194 men.
11 >.
Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
1855.
August 31, Kight. 9 P.M. to 2 A.M.

500
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
A party of 20 men were employed extending the cut in the Woronzoff Road 20 yards.
About 12 or 1 o’clock there was a sharp musketry fire on the Right attack ; with this exception, the night passed off quietly.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 9 seamen.
Day fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 73°.
Right Attack.
enemy twice came up towards the head of the sap, and from the shelling and heavy grape firing it was impossible to get any satisfactory work done at this place, and a portion of what was done has since been damaged.
I noticed 12 waggons yesterday, at 7 r.n., laden with fascine brushwood on the bridge at once, crossing over to the south side. No other circumstances worth reporting occurred during my tour of duty.
Killed, 1 officer, 7 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 37 rank and file.
Missing, 1 officer, 1 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:
Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 9 seamen.
Day fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 73°.
Reports from the Look-out Station.
lass. The floating bridge is increased ; four stages were added yesterday. The stages are made
August 22. at the Fort Catherine landing. A store of coal has risen there.
Several bodies of men paraded at North Fort, and marched thence to Fort Catharine Wharf.
Not much appearance of repair to either the Redan or Malakoff where they were damaged ; the embrasures of the flank guns of the Redan are but little damaged. A large gun was dragged up into the Redan.
The stacks of sacks amount now to about 20, of a very large size; 5£ are diminished.
Since a few days, carts arrived, 157 with large timbers, 237 with gabions, 127 black covered carts; 273 left, of which 120 were with white covers, and took the road to the white hut camp, possibly with wounded. Three rafts of gabions came to the south shore.
Rockets were fired from the Quarries to the rear of the Malakoff.
The buried 32-pound gun in the 21-gun battery fired at the shipping frequently. The shot struck about the ships in the water. Bodies of men parading were about the Inkerman camp.
This morning some of the advanced French works seem partially damaged, not materially, however, in appearance.
The working at the bridge is going on actively.
Large burial parties.
Carts were there yesterday and this morning.
The rifle sergeant reported that yesterday he saw the enemy practising artillery men in loading and running up guns, and it happened frequently.
August 23 . The floating bridge is increased by several rafts.
The sack stacks increased ; hay a little diminished.
Smnll bodies of troops.
The usual reliefs were apparently moving about.
656 carts brought in sacks.
30 carts brought in timber.
99 carts brought in gabions.
596 went away empty, by upper road.
20 went away with hay, do.
156 went away empty by the lower road.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
501
1855. A flag of truce left the harbour at 11 o’clock. Working parties at bridge all day ; but little
August 24. added to its length.
Two works, one under the Telegraph Battery and the other under the Wasp Fort, were commenced at 8 a.m., and at sunset were of some size.
Large working parties in the Cemetery all day.
Four rafts were brought from the north shore yesterday, and added to the bridge.
A large party was at Fort Nicholas Point, and were employed in filling bags, and carrying the earth to the point itself, across which is forming a breastwork or traverse.
By this morning’s light I think it is in the shape of a square across the rocky part, and another embankment joining on to form cover up to the fort itself.
The 32-pounder sunken guns from the Right attack were fired frequently at the point (the cover of the fort, however, can only be seen from the gun) ; some pitched well, but the majority of them were very uncertain ; some of the shot from the Left attack fell over Fort Nicholas into the middle of the harbour.
The Redan does not seem to have been much repaired, but many embrasures in the flanks and those looking towards the Mamelon are uninjured. This morning they fired heavily from them to the Mamelon, as well as from the Malakoff to the Mamelon.
A large working party, more than usual, has been employed during the last three or four days at the Cemetery, and bodies of troops have been moving about, though in no great numbers, yesterday.
This morning, 6.30, about 1,800 men, in two different detachments, marched from the east towards the North Fort.
Arrived 15 carts of hay,
47 carts of very large timbers,
60 carts of gabions, and 208 carts with sacks to the store place.
August 25. About 8 a.m. yesterday two battalions, apparently fresh troops, marched in by the lower road, and went in the direction of the landing place.
About 11 a.m. two large working parties assembled between Fort Constantine and North Fort ; they began to work at once, and have thrown up two large commencements of batteries or breastworks.
A traverse or breastwork is also making at Fort Nicholas Point.
No fresh rafts seem to have been added to the bridge yesterday.
A gun apparently was dragged by a party of men from the Cemetery Battery to North Fort.
The steamers crossed frequently from Fort Nicholas Stairs, rear of the Malakoff, towing barges laden with wood.
Working parties as usual at the Cemetery.
There came in—
67 carts covered,
147 carts with sacks,
47 carts with gabions,
11 carts with timber,
14 carts with hay,
227 went away empty by the upper road,
26 went away empty by the lower road.
This morning early the Malakoff fired at a new head of trench made by the French during the night; some- of it is destroyed.
There seems no increase last night to the bridge.
The works mentioned above as begun on the north side are apparently to fire across the harbour.
August 26. Very extensive works are going on on the north side.
About 5,000 men commenced working yesterday to the west and to the north of the North Fort, throwing up earthworks, probably connecting by extensive lines all the sea forts and store detached in the neighbourhood of the main North Fort itself.

502
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The floating bridge requires but a few rafts now to complete it. One of the principal objects of its construction may be to withdraw the heavy artillery of Quarantine, Fort Nicholas, &c., from the south side, when the pressure of the siege becomes severe, and place them in the new lines which are now being constructed on the north side.
There does not seem to have been much repair done to the Redan or MalakofF faces ; the flank embrasures have not suffered injury.
290 carts with sacks.
75 with large timbers.
79 laden.
Several barges full of men from the south to the north.
5 rafts for the bridge.
2 boats of gabions from north to south.
"260 oarts left empty.
1855 . Similar working parties to those mentioned in yesterday’s report were again at work during
August 27. the whole of yesterday at the same works on the north side.
More tents have been pitched near the North Fort.
The stacks of sacks have been added to, though not much ; the hay gradually diminishing.
The bridge had two rafts added on the south and two on the north side.
218 carts brought gabions.
55 carts brought timbers.
429 carts brought sacks. -
Also by the lower road there were brought—
12 carts with gabions.
12 carts with sacks.
339 left empty.
This morning the bridge was completed; working parties on it apparently strengthening the fastenings.
The embrasures of the Redan seem to have been repaired, and a new line of work on tho propor left flank of the Redan three gabions high.
August 2a. The sandbag loopholed place at the crest of the Redan was replaced yesterday during the previous night, and work evidently had been done to the embrasures and revetments.
The latent works of the French in front of the Malakoff towards one side have been very much knocked about by the proper right flank guns of the Malakoff; but a work of 25 gabions length has been added towards the Malakoff proper left face by the French.
About 5,000 men worked again at the new lines and batteries of the north side.
The bridge was much used by men and by carts, there being space for two to pass each other ; some carts piled up went across, aud men carrying bags.
A new very heavy mortar seems by the report to have been placed inside the Cemetery Battery.
Our fire again destroyed the large sandbags at the Redan salient.
A heavy fire from the French Left attack fired into the right of the Redan yesterday evening.
66 carts of sacks,
arrived.
14 cnrts of hay,
130 carts of gabions, J _ 112 left empty. . . .
August 29. A party of the Russians was yesterday employed in pulling down the beams that supported the roof (taken away) of one of the large Dockyard buildings ; some were taken to the rear of the Malakoff; some to the north side.
There was a fire in rear of the Malakoff, caused by rockets from the Quarries.
Carts aud people passing the bridge constantly during the day. The general tendency is, full carts from south to north, and return empty, but not as yet in any organized numbers.
The large working parties continue at the extensive works on the north : side,.

JOUENAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
503
27 carts came with timber from the country.
77 with gabions.
438 with sacks.
23 witli sacks by the lower road.
360 left empty, and 5 by the lower road.
A heavy explosion took place last night in the French mortar battery in the Middle Eavine, and firing commenced from the Eussians.
This morning there was a considerable work of gabions in advance towards the MalakofF made by the French.
X855.
August 30 . During the night of the 28th the French had increased their works towards the MalakofF.
The Eussians renew their sandbags at the crest of the Eedan every night, but they are easily destroyed by our artillery fire in the afternoon, which prevents riflemen using them.
New works are going on on the north side to a large extent.
Men were at work in the large Admiralty buildings, apparently getting out timber.
A new face has been made to the west of the Cemetery Battery; its salient seems pointing towards the head of the harbour.
Numbers of carts have been passing the bridge ; one very large sap roller was brought from north to south ; many carts laden with what seemed boxes and household things more than military.
About 100 carts very heavily laden, covered with black tarpaulins, passed from Fort Catharine to the North Fort, and out of sight.
There arrived 200 carts of sacks, 27 ammunition carts; 30 carts of hay from north to south on bridge ; one barge with gabions from south to north.
140 empty carts left, 25 with sacks, the lower road. ,
No result of consequence was seen from the trench 32-pound gun, which went some times near the bridge.
This morning there is but little traffic going on on llio bridge ; the largo working parties arc working.
Timber is now being taken out of the front window (towards us) of the Admiralty building, an inclined timber, down from one window, almost hid by the 6-gun battery parapet.
The sandbags of crest of Eedan replaced.
The flanking embrasures quite unhurt.
August 31. A great number of men were passing through the opening in the Dockyard wall, carrying bags, wood, and large objects of a red colour.
Carts come by the bridge empty, and go back to the north side full.
The sacks increase.
The large working parties are the same on the north side.
112 carts came in with gabions ; 424 with sacks from upper road; 17 with sacks and 76 with gabions from the lower road ; 367 left empty.
BEIGADE OEDEES.
August 24. Para. No. 1. The Major-General Commanding has had much pleasure in bringing under the notice of the Commander of the Forces the conduct of Corporal Boss, Eoyal Sappers and Miners, in charge of the advance on the Eedan, which was reported by the officer of engineers on duty last night as extremely creditable ; General Simpson has awarded him a gratuity of three sovereigns.
Para. No. 2. Complaints having been made of the quality of Bickford’s fuze, lately issued, a Board, consisting of Captain the Honourable H. F. Keane, Commanding Eoyal Engineer at Balaklava, Captain and Acting Adjutant Ewart, E.E., and Lieutenant Leahy, Deputy Adjutant Quartermaster-General, E.E., will assemble

504
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
at Balaklava to-morrow at 10 o’clock, for the purpose of reporting oil the causes to which the failure of so many blasts may be attributed, and whether the quantity remaining in store is serviceable or otherwise.
The proceedings to be sent to the brigade office.
By order,
E. F. Bourciiier.
X855.
August 29. Para. No. 1. The Major-General Commanding having submitted to the Commander of the Forces a report received from Lieutenant Ranken, R.E., of the gallant conduct of Corporal M‘Murphy and Private Fitzgerald, 9th Company, and Private Moncker, 2d Company, Royal Sappers and Miners, has much pleasure in publishing to the corps that gratuities have been awarded to these men as follows, viz. :—
Corporal M‘Murpliy, three sovereigns.
Private Fitzgerald, two sovereigns.
Private Moncker, two sovereigns.
The receipts of men to be forwarded to the brigade major.
August 31. No. 2. The Major-General Commanding considering it highly important that the journal of the siege should be accompanied by a report on the mode of construction of the different works, as many of the directors have been killed or wounded, and the benefit of their opinions lost, directs, therefore, that a Board shall be formed, composed of the directors of the two attacks, and Captain Ewart (who has already collected detailed information).
The objects to be attended to are, the original construction of the batteries, parallels, and approaches, and the alterations which may have been made in them, all revetting materials, platforms, and splinter proofs, magazines, intrenching and other tools, in fact everything connected with the operation which relates to the engineer department.
Dimensions, scantlings, and weights should be given in all cases, and neat diagrams made on a half sheet of foolscap, a plain outline drawing, with figured, dimensions marked on it, with letters of reference to elucidate the report.*
Licut.-Coloucl Chapman will furnish one or more officers to make these drawings, on the application of the Board.
The Board should meet at least once a week for this purpose ; and they will call upon any officer or noncommissioned officer they may think desirable for such information as they may require on the subjects before them, the great object being to furnish a full, accurate, and detailed account of all subjects connected with the siege.
The Major-General trusts to the hearty concurrence and zeal of the Board in carrying out this arduous but very important duty, and requests that the Board will send him at the end of every month a memorandum of the subjects they have had under consideration and those they have completed.
Lieut.-Colonel Chapman will from time to time examine the proceedings of the Board, and assist them with his opinion and advice where he may consider it necessary.
* Note_This report will be found in the Appendix.
OBSERVATIONS by the Commanding Royal Engineer, referring to the period between the 21st and
end of August 1855.
Right Attack.
Repairs to magazines, traverses, embrasures, and platforms of all batteries in action on the 17th completed.
In No. 17 battery, the revetments and parapets for three additional guns in progress.
In No. 18, forming parapet and epaulment on the right flank, for two additional mortars..

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
505
The magazine in No. 20 battery has been finished.
A parapet for rocket practice has been made in the fourth parallel.
Fifth parallel extended to a Russian rifle-pit on the right; the cover and banquettes improved.
On the evening of the 22d a sap was commenced from the fifth parallel in advance upon the capital of the Redan. 58 yards were executed without interruption from the enemy, and about 14 yards the following night, but under a heavy fire from the Redan.
Left Attack.
The communication from first parallel to No. 16 battery remains in an unfinished state, the sailors being required in their batteries.
Arrangements made for placing rocket tubes under slope of hill between batteries Nos. 9 and 11.
The conversion of communication between Nos. 11 and 12 into a mortar battery in progress.
The left of the fourth parallel has assumed the appearance of a serpentine sap. This has become necessary, from the enfilade fire upon it.
The centre communication to fifth parallel has been extended by double sap.
The fifth parallel which runs round the edge of the cliff has been much improved.
The artillery practice from both attacks upon Fort Nicholas and the end of the wooden bridge across the harbour lias been very good A rocket set fire to a large building in the Karabelnaia.
The progress of the works in general has been greatly retarded by the extreme brilliancy of the moon.
The enemy appeared to be very busy in conveying stores from the Dockyard to the north side.
On the night of the 30tli the Russians made a rush upon our advanced trenches, upset a few gabions, and then retired. Lieut. Preston, 97th Regiment, was killed.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1S55.
September 1, Hay. 5 A.AT. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . | Officer on duty £
1st relief, 150 men.
2d relief, 200 „
1 st relief, 60 „
2d relief, 15 „
Major Chapman, 20th Regiment.
1st Relief.
Fifty men, fourth parallel, assisting Sergeant Jervois draining, building banquettes, and filling sandbags ; 40 men, two Sappers, No. 19, covering magazines, revetting traverses and parapets ; 30 men, two Sappers, assisting Corporal Cray rebuilding embrasures and traverses in No. 8 battery ; three Sappers, 10 men, excavating for sea-service mortar, No. 13 ; four Sappers, 20 men, No. 17, improving parapet and preparing terrepleine.
2d Relief.
Two hundred men employed in the same manner ; the additional 50 as follows :—
Twenty-five men collecting stores and tools and preparing new depot; 15 men repairing approach to
1855.
September 1, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Wobkixg Party.
Line . . . . Sappers . . . Carpenters Li)ie Miners . Officer on duty
fist relief, 242 men.
(. 2d relief, 212 „
16 men.
14 „
35 „
Major Stanton, R.E.
1st Relief.
Making up banquette in new sap t on Redan, 20 men ; No. 14 battery, continuing the new portion for two guns, 40 men ; No. 21 battery, making up the epnulment, 20 men ; No. 22 battery, continuing excavation, &c., 40 men; Left approach to third parallel, making up new portion, 50 men ; improving the cover in third parallel, 50 men ; excavating for magazine in Quarries, 10 men ; excavating for magazine behind Quarries, 12 men.
2d Relief.
The parties in the afternoon were the same as those in the morning, with the exception of a party of 16 men taken from that improving third parallel, for the purpose of carrying materials.
3 s

506
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
fourth parallel ; 10 men covering in magazine in No. 15, struck by a 13-incli shell; the remaining Sappers blasting, mining, and carpentering.
Right Attack.
Two brigades of Sappers were distributed amomgst the parties superintending the work.
Three and a half brigades of carpenters were employed at the magazine of No. 21 battery, att the doctors’ hut near Quarries, and at the depot in the first parallel, making up magazine frames.
The miners were employed clearing away the rock in the fifth parallel, and driving a great gallery ifor a magazine ; near No. 19 battery the gallery was continued six feet four inches, and the miners’ work was satisfactory.
The enemy’s fire throughout the day was moderate, and was principally directed on Nos. 17 and 20 batteries, but I am not aware of any serious damage having been sustained.
Large working parties were visible at the earthworks on the north side of the harbour, but no parties could be distinguished on the south side.
A considerable traffic seemed to be going on over the bridge across the harbour, but I noticed generally that the carts came over empty, and returned full."
1855 .
September 1, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 13 „
Officer on duty Capt. Moktagu, R.E.
Repairing embrasures and parapet to No. 1 battery, 30 men ; making drains to second zigzag in sailors’ communication, 10 men ; thickening parapet of No. 19 battery, 70 men ; placed 17 gabions in fifth parallel at the head of the double sap j j 2 , filled them, and backed them up with earth, 20 men ; improving cover to the new short cut d between the third and fourth parallel, 20 men ; W oronzoff Road, fixing six lengths of chevaux-de-frise on the left of the present, extending trench a up the slope of the hill to join Right attack, 50 men.
The working parties did their work well (28th Regiment).
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 4 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 74°.
1855 .
September 1, Wight.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 4(1(1 moil,
tappers ... 32 men.
("Lieut. Anoerson, R.E. Officers on duty 1 Major CamPeell, 4titli t Itegt.
Sap t on the Redan, replaced and refilled eight gabions destroyed at the head of the sap, and filled seven new ones, total 15, one brigade Sappers, 40 men.
Sap in Ravine, one brigade Sappers, 30 men, partially restoring the work destroyed the previous night.
The general of the trenches ordered no men on any account to be placed in the open ground, or where they were not under good cover.
The working party did not arrive until 10 p.ji., although messengers were sent in every direction for them. 100 men worked at trench r in rear of Quarries. This trench is now three feet wide and three feet deep throughout. 30 men in the entrance, right of fifth parallel; 30 men, battery in rear of Egertoa’s Pit, No. 22; 20 men making a traverse in left of fifth parallel; 10 men revetting embrasures of No. 17 battery ; 30 men, No. 14 battery ; 30 men, No. 18 battery ; 70 men, trench on right of No. 20 battery, proposed for a mortar battery.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
50 /
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
September 2, Day.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.II.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working- Party.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . £
Officer on duty
1st relief, 200 men.
2d relief, 300 „
1st relief, 20 men.
2d relief, 20 men. Lieut. Neville, E.E.
Detail.
Two Sappers, 50 men, clearing space for new depot, No. 2 battery, and working in sailors’ cut; one Sapper, 10 men, filling sandbags in double sap ; two Sappers, 30 men, improving communication in rear of No. 8 battery ; one Sapper, 20 men, No. 14 battery, excavating for gun portion, and building entrance on the right, also covering over magazine between Nos. 5 and 6 guns ; two Sappers, 30 men, No. 15 batteiy, thickening parapet of left mortar ; one Sapper, 30 men, improving cover of demi- parallel ; one Sapper, 10 men, excavating for sea- service mortar, No. 13 battery ; one Sapper, 20 men, improving cover in tho communication to tlio well in front of No. 7 battery.
In the afternoon 300 men were employed, the additional 100 being at work in the communication between Nos. 11 and 12 batteries.
Two mines were sprung by the French in front of the Flagstaff Battery in the afternoon.
Crowds of people passing hotli ways on the long bridge.
P.S.—I found the pickets of the revetment in the fourth parallel torn up, and the revetting piece of wood removed some yards, to support a sunshade.
WOEKIXG PARTY.
September 2, Wight. Une .... 200 men.
7 P.M. to 2 a.m. Sappers ... 14 „
Officer on duty Capt. Nicholson, E.E.
Made new trench from a to c for new road to lead to Nos. 7 and 20 batteries ; trench cut about 1 foot 6 inches deep, and average 4 feet wide, also through parapet; 20 men and one Sapper.
No. 19 battery, thickened the parapet of right guns, and threw considerable quantities of earth on magazine.
A covering party was already placed in advance of the sap t by 8.0 p.m., awaiting the arrival of the working party, who cannot have commenced work until 10.30 p.m.
Killed. 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 26 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 76°.
1855.
September 2, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 r.M.
Working Party.
| Line . . . . £ Sappers . . .
| Officer on duty £
1st relief, 320 men.
2d relief, 400 ,,
16 men.
Lieut. SCRATCHLEY, E.E.
1st Relief.
Left approach to fifth parallel, repairing parapet and shot holes, one corporal, 30 men ; Left advance t on Redan, constructing banquette and strengthening parapet, one corporal, one Sapper, 40 men ; fifth parallel, repairing and strengthening parapet, two Sappers, 50 men ; Left approach to third parallel, constructing it, two Sappers, 40 men; magazine in rear of Quarries, excavating it, 10 men ; No. 22 battery, excavating and building parapet, two Sappers, 40 men ; fourth parallel, repairing and strengthening the parapet, one corporal, one Sapper, 40 men ; No. 14 battery, repairing parapet and embrasures, one Sapper, 30 men ; No. 18 battery, constructing parapet for two new gun portions, one Sapper, 30 men.
Lance-Corporal C. Bell, 1st Company, died from wounds received in the trenches.
Private J. Morrison, 2d Company, killed by a round shot.
Private J.Pitzgerald,9th Company, dangerously wounded.
2d Relief.
The same as morning, with the exception that in fifth parallel 38 men; twelve men carrying timber from 21-gun battery to Quarries.
Working Party.
Line .... 377 men.
September 2, KTigbt. Sappers ... 32 „
8 p.m. to 2 a.m. ("Lieut. Eankin, E.E.
Officers on duty < Lieut. Elphinstone, t E.E.
1. Right approach to 5th parallel, repairing parapet where weakened or injured in various places, 1 Sapper, 20 men.
2. New approach r to 4th parallel, widening and deepening (task work), 1 Sapper, 100 men.
The whole approach was widened on an average about two feet, and deepened so as to render it level.
3 s 2

508
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Thickened the parapet of the left Lancaster guns, by throwing earth from the front, 70 men, 2 Sappers. The officer in charge of this party said he was annoyed by grape, and placed his men inside the battery, thus greatly impeding the work. Cemetery t, refilling gabions and generally repairing parapet.
Placing 11 gabions by single sap, and deepening trench e, 1 corporal, 1 brigade of Sappers ; repairing old gabionnade from d to e, and replacing old gabions, 20 men and 1 Sapper ; unfortunately the gabions are placed so near to the edge of a little ridge that it was impossible in the night to cover them.
Joined old rifle-pits by 20 gabions, and being on level ground nearly covered the gabions, 20 men, 1 Sapper. We were so little annoyed by fire that with the strength of the party under my orders I might have planted and filled 60 gabions, instead of the 15 which were taken down by the party, and 16 which were found on the ground.
Fifth parallel, placed eight gabions, filled them with sandbags, and attempted to back them with earth ; however, two round shot made a clean breach through it as soon as the work was finished ; repaired it as well as possible.
Emptied breadbags ; annoyed during the night by round shot and grnpo from the crow’s nest, harbour, Creek, and Redan wall batteries, but no casualties occasioned; 30 men, 2 Sappers ; continuing trench a across Woronzoff Road up the hill leading to the Right attack, 30 men, 1 brigade of Sappers.
Very little firing on the Left attack generally ; occasional heavy firing from the French on the Flagstaff and Garden batteries, they having in the early part of the evening, about 6 p.m., exploded 2 mines in front of them.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 9 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 75°.
Right Attack.
3. No. 22 battery near Egerton’s pit, cutting .away about two feet of crest of parapet, and throwing the earth forward, also widening trench between 1 foot 6 inches and 2 feet, 1 Sapper, 30 men.
4. No. 14 battery, forming new gun portion to the right of present battery, and repairing embrasures, 2 Sappers, 40 men.
5. The 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, one Sapper, 10 men.
6. No. 17 battery, repairing embrasures and traverses, two Sappers, 20 men.
7. New approach t on salient of Redan, sapping forward by single sap, improving trench, and forming a banquette for musketry, eight Sappers, 20 men.
8. New sap i near little ravine, making good head of sap, and continuing approach by single sap, seven Sappers, 30 men. This party also employed in improving old trench.
9. Rifle-pit near little ravine, party told off, one Sapper, 30 men.
10. Carrying party, forming loop-holes, 8cc., 50 men, one Sapper.
11. No. 8 battery, thickening parapet, by shovelling earth near crest forwards (portion of carrying party), one Sapper, 27 men.
12. The party detailed to form rifle-pit near crest of ravine to the extreme right of 5th parallel were subsequently employed in improving the 5tli parallel; five Sappers for sentries.
Remarks.
With reference to No. 7, I beg to report that the task assigned by me to the Sappers (viz., placing or replacing and filling 16 gabions,) was satisfactorily performed.
The whole working party in this trench were withdrawn for about half an hour during the night, in consequence of the heavy fire of the enemy, which I regret to say caused several casualties among their number, and sensibly weakened the party, from the necessity of detaching men to carry off those who were either killed or wounded.
No. 8 (approach i near little ravine). The working parties were protected by a covering party of about 70 men of the 55tli Regiment, who remained till the moon rose beyond nnd in the head of the sap. The party progressed very fairly in spite of the fire of the enemy.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
509
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
No. 9. With reference to the projected formation of a rifle-pit between 30 or 40 yards in advance of the white rifle-pit, and on the crest of a ravine opposite the proper left face of the Redan, I beg to report, that the attempt proved a failure, chiefly on account of our advanced picquets being thrown out late, thus affording the Russians the opportunity of possessing themselves of a rifle-pit in front of the Caves facing the site of our projected rifle-pit, and also occupying the ground of which we should otherwise have taken possession.
In company with Lieut. Elpliinstone, R.E., I reconnoitered the ground, with a view of selecting a favourable site. The men in our advanced trenches were instructed not to fire, and we proceeded cautiously as possible, followed at a short distance by a party carrying tools and gabions. The enemy’s sentries, however, perceived us, and their picquets opened fire. This led to answering vollies from our own trenches, and I regret to say that several of the party in their retreat were wounded.
I take this opportunity of bringing to your notice the gallant conduct of Sergeant Newman, 62d Regiment, who accompanied the volunteer working party on this occasion, and subsequently, after the party had been forced to retire, led back a detachment of six men in search of one of his number, supposed to be lying wounded without our trenches, and some gabions and tools that were abandoned. A few of these latter fell into the hands of the Russians, but as the remainder are close to our parallels, I am in hopes that they may be recovered to-morrow evening. Several men of the 62d, composing the working party, and Private M'Namara, Royal Sappers and Miners, volunteered a second time to go out and bring them in ; but as the Russians were known to be close to our lines, and the moonlight rendered every object distinctly visible, I did not feel myself justified in permitting them to encounter the risk.
Sergeant Newman is to receive 3l. for this gallant conduct
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Comdg.
The enemy’s fire was very heavy on our advanced trenches and saps for some time after dusk, and our batteries did not reply to it with any vigour. I would beg to suggest that some code of signals from the advanced trenches on the Quarries to the various

510
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855.
September 3, Say.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line . . Sappers .
f 1st relief, 200 men. (. 2d relief, 250 ,,
43 men.
Officer on duty 20th
1st Relief.
Four Sappers, 40 men, assisting Sergeant Jervois in fourth parallel, building banquettes, traverses, and repairing parapet ; four Sappers, 20 men, No. 19, excavating for terrepleine, building traverses, and covering in magazine ; two Sappers, 20 men, in right demi-parallel, improving trench, and building banquettes ; three Sappers, 50 men, No. 8, rebuilding interior revetment and embrasures ; one Sapper, 10 men, at sea-service mortar ; one Sapper, 10 men, at No. 14, preparing gun portion on right; one Sapper, 30 men, carrying out platform timbers and other materials to the front; one Sapper, 20 men, preparing new tool depot.
2d Relief.
Two hundred and fifty men employed as before the additional 50; 20 men filling sandbags for double sap j j 2 ; 30 men cutting roadway to No. 20 ; the remaining Sappers were mining and blasting. Last night or very early this morning one of the powder
Right Attack.
batteries should be established, in order that intimation may be sent without loss of time to the artillery officers to open fire when necessary.
The men composing the working parties and the covering parties in the advanced trenches showed the best spirit, and evinced a most laudable zeal and willingness to encounter danger.
At one time the repetition of one of the sallies made by the enemy on former occasions against our advanced sap i near the little ravine was anticipated, and though the cheers of the Russians were distinctly audible, as if advancing, nothing more was heard of them, after a few steady vollies from our lines.
I may remark, in conclusion, that it would be desirable to have bugles attached to the guards of the trenches at night, for the purpose of transmitting orders rapidly—to fire—cease firing—stand to your arms, &c.
It is difficult to restrain our soldiers from firing at the smallest reconnoitering parties.
Killed, 8 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 30 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 70°.
1855.
September 3, X>ay.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
TAne
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
Working Party.
fist relief, 286 men.
* * (.2d relief, 300 „
fist relief, 16 „
* * 12d relief, 16 „
Lieut. Dumabisq, R.E.
1st Relief.
No. 21 battery, improving the parapet, one Sapper, 20 men ; advance on Redan t, two Sappers, 40 men, making a banquette ; new magazine in rear of Quarries, one Sapper, two men ; these men were also employed restoring part of the parapet which was knocked down in the Quarries; new apprcach r from Egerton’s pit to the fourth parallel, one Sapper, 40 men; No. 22 battery, two Sappers, 40 men, strengthening the parapet; No. 18 battery, two Sappers, 40 men, making two new mortar portions ; fourth parallel, improving the cover, and biilding the banquette, two Sappers, 36 men ; collecting powder barrels, one Sapper, 10 men; three sentries from the Sappers.
2d Relief.
No. 14 battery, forming two new gun portiens on the Right, two Sappers, 40 men; No. 21 bittery, improving the epaulment and cover, two Sappers, 30 men; advance t on the Redan, one Sapper, 40

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
511
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
boxes forming the revetment to parapet in fourth parallel was pulled down and carried away.
I beg to recommend the appointment of a provost sergeant to take charge of the trenches, with the power to inflict summary punishment on any offender.
(Signed) G. B.
1855.
September 3, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 19-i men.
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, E.E.
A party of 60 men were employed in No. 19 battery, 30 of whom on the left, thickening the parapet, and 30 on the right, throwing over stone blasted by miners, and thickening the parapet; 20 men were employed in No. 17 battery, throwing earth on left magazine, and building up No. 2 traverse ; five men were employed in No. 8 battery, inserting wooden shoots through the parapet, for the purpose of drainage ; 30 men were employed in the Woronzoff Road, extending the trench a 22 yards ; 30 men were employed in the centre communication to the fifth parallel, clearing trench of stone left by miners, and increasing the fifth parallel three gabions to the right, and thickening the parapet of the fifth parallel; eight men were employed in constructing a rifle- screen half way between the Cemetery and the centre communication to fifth parallel; 40 men were employed in improving the trench e leading from Cemetery t towards the centre communication to fifth parallel, and joining with nine gabions the trench connecting the old Russian rifle-pits t with this trench ; two brigades of Sappers placed and filled 24 gabions, being at the rate of three per man ; 21 yards remains to be completed, a to b.
About 10 o’clock very heavy musketry and cannonading took place on the Right, apparently from the Malakoff Tower ; everything in front of the Left remained quiet during the night.
Killed, 1 rank and file. Wounded, 10 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 76°.
men, building banquette ; cutting ramps for the passage of a field gun to the front, one Sapper, 20 men ; one Sapper, 10 men, employed deepening the magazine in rear of Quarries ; No. 22 battery, two Sappers, 36 men, improving the parapet ; new communication r to fourth parallel, one Sapper, 40 men ; fifth parallel, two Sappers, 50 men ; No. 18 battery, one Sapper, 34 men.
1855.
September 3, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 460 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
Officersonduty
Four brigades of Sappers :—
One brigade of Sappers at each advanced sap, and the two others distributed in superintending working parties.
Four hundred men of the Line employed as follows :—
Fifty men right sap i from fifth parallel, thickening and extending it; 10 fresh gabions were placed and filled, and 10 of those knocked down were replaced ; 20 men left sap t on the Redan ; 16 fresh gabions rvere placed and filled, and 10 displaced ones set up ; 50 men, No. 22 battery, forming parapet and clearing the interior; 100 men, new approach to fourth parallel from Egerton’s pit, deepening and widening ;
30 men at the epaulment, batteiy No. 21 ; 30 men at the embrasures in the 21-gun battery and battery No. 14; 70 men* new mortar battery for Coehorns extending out of battery No. 20, making parapet, &c., &c. ; 20 men carrying earth in baskets from fifth parallel to Right sap ; 20 men told off to cut ramps where required for field guns.
The extent of work performed was generally satisfactory, except at the Right sap i, which was so annoyed by the enemy’s fire that but little could be done. I regret to have to report that the officer protecting this sap was killed during the night.
There was heavy firing, including musketry, between the Malakoff and Mamelon on the Right.
Killed, 1 officer, 9 rank and file. Wounded, 1 officer, 39 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 76°.
It was intended to attempt a flying sap here, but it was not found practicable by the officer on duty.
(Signed) A. Cooke,
Capt, K.E.
* This is considered necessary on account of crowded state of Quarries.
(Signed) F. E. C.

512
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
| W'OEKIKG PAETY.
1855. | fist relief, 200 men.
September 4, Say. ■ Lme • • • • | 2d relief, 180 „
5 a.m. to 9 a.m. Sappers ... 21 men.
3 pji. to 7 P.M. | OMeerondttty ^LieuC JOKES, 40th
1st Relief.
Fourth parallel, 40 men and three Sappers, under Sergeant Jervois, draining the parallel, forming banquettes, revetting parapets and traverses; No. 13 battery, 10 men and six Sappers preparing for sea- service mortal- platform ; No. 8 battery, 50 men and one Sapper, under Corporal Cray, repairing and altering embrasures and traverses ; No. 17 battery, 30 men and three Sappers excavating for fourth gun portion, making good parapet and traverse of No. 3 gun, and improving Right demi-parallel and approach to battery generally ; No. 20 battery, 10 men and two Sappers laying third mortar platform ; No. 10 battery, 50 men assisting Corporal Hanson, and two Sappers blasting and clearing terrepleine, and thickening parapet of battery ; 10 men and one Sapper filling bags for night.
2d Relief.
Fourth parallel, 40 men and one Sapper at same work as in morning ; No. 13 battery, 10 men and one Sapper at same work as in morning ; No. 8 battery, 50 men and two Sappers at same work ; No. 17 battery, 22 men at same work ; No. 12 battery, 10 men at same work as in morning; 50 men working at new road to No. 20 battery; seven men in double sap, filling bags.
1855.
September 4, Day.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Party.
Line .£
Sappers . . . £
Carpenters. . Line miners . Officer on duty
1st relief, 260 men.
2d relief, 360 „
1st relief, 16 „
2d relief, 16 „
12 men.
37 „
Lieut. Anderson, R.E.
1st Relief.
Forty men in approach on the Redan t, deepening and widening the trench where required, and making banquette; 10 men, small-arm ammunition magazine left of the Quarries, cutting entrance ; 50 men, battery No. 22, in rear of Egerton’s pit, widening the terrepleine, and throwing up earth to form parapet; one platform might be laid on the left, and the embrasure cut; 50 men widening the trench r in rear of the Quarries ; this trench is sufficiently deep, and only requires a little revetting and a banquette, to complete ; 20 men, sap i in the ravine, banquette continued, throwing up the earth on the left to prevent the shells rolling into the trench; 50 men collecting stones in left of third parallel, to continue the screen ; 20 men, No. 21 battery, throwing earth upon the right epaulment, to defilade from the Tower ; 20 men collecting powder barrels, &c., and carrying to the Quarries.
2d Relief.
Fifty men, No. 22 battery in rear of Egerton’s pit, setting gabions on the right, throwing the earth forward; 30 men, No. 21 battery, epaulment continued as this morning, revetting embrasures; 30 men, No. 14 battery, parapet and embrasures continued ; 50 men, trench r, in rear of Quarries, as this morning ; 30 men carrying timber, he. from first parallel to Quarries ; 40 men, repairs in Quarries and Left advance caused by the round shot; 50 men, repairs in fifth parallel; 40 men, filling sandbags in approach t to Redan; 30 men filling sandbags in approach in ravine on the Right ; 10 men, magazine left of the Quarries, continued as this morning.
Miners.
Three excavating for terrepHeine and platforms, mining for new magazine in rear- of No. 19 battery ; two, fifth parallel, blasting rock to gain cover ; 24, trench left of third parallel, blasting rock for communication to the Left attack.
Carpenters.
One brigade repairing magazine, No. 7 mortar battery; one brigade, doctors’ hut; one brigade altering and remaking magazine passage frames.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
513
Left Attack.
Working Pabty.
Line .... 200 men.
Sappers ... 17 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Nevilie, B.E.
Detail.
Two Sappers, 25 men, No. 17 battery, earth thrown on traverse, sandbag revetment heightened at Nos. 2 and 3 guns, where merlon meets the traverse ; 30 yards of circular breast work commenced so as to flank Woronzoff Road ; two Sappers, 20 men, fifth parallel, four gabions placed to form traverse, breadbags carried out, filled, and parapet raised ; double sap jj 2 , three Sappers, 30 men, parapet repaired, and bags carried out on hotli sides of the head of the sap.
Gabionnade, Cemetery t, one Sapper, 15 men, improving cover of trench e ; one Sapper, 10 men, fixed and filled 16 gabions connecting two Russian screens.
One brigade of Sappers placed and filled 10 gabions ; No. 1 battery, two Sappers, 50 men, repairing embrasures, &c. ; No. 19 battery, left embrasure revetted with iron gabions, bags emptied to thicken parapet, earth previously collected, thrown forward, cutting made for Lancaster gun to pass through to No. 11 battery.
A very heavy fire was kept up on the Left attack all night, and I regret to say that Corporal Phillips, a most zealous and active non-commissioned officer, had his arm smashed by grape, and Private Boyce lost his eye.
No fire was returned from our batteries.
Wounded, 21 rank and file.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 76°.
1855.
September 4, Night. 8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Right Attack.
The enemy have been bringing over considerable stores this afternoon, as a great number of carts were seen to cross the bridge ; they were large carts drawn by two horses.
They are also constructing a tete de pont on this side, and the profiling may be distinctly seen. An old dismantled brig, about 150 tons, has been placed broadside along the shore, close to this tete de pont, and although guns are not yet mounted on its decks two large guns are all ready apparently to be mounted.
1855.
September 4, Night.
8 r.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Pabty.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
C Cajpt. Axdkraon, 31 st gt. Ass' Eng r .
Officer on duty £ *
Detail.
Right sap i, six Sappers, 30 men ; sap on Redan, eight Sappers, 70 men ; repairing embrasures Nos. 9 and 14 batteries, six Sappers and 30 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 17 battery, two Sappers, 20 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 22 battery, two Sappers, 50 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 14 battery, two Sappers, 30 men ; repairing embrasures, No. 21 battery, 2 Sappers, 30 men ; told off, to attend field piece, Royal Artillery, preparing for field gun on right of fifth parallel, one Sapper, 20 men ; 120 men employed carrying gabions from the park ; four brigades of Sappers employed as shown in detail.
The early part of the night being dark, it was determined to attempt to carry on the saps by flying instead of single sap, and the sap t on the Redan. 31 gabions were placed and filled, under the direction of Captain Anderson, 31st Regiment, Assistant Engineer, who I regret to state was killed whilst in the execution of his duty.
In the sap i on the right 36 gabions were placed, but only 16 filled. The cause of this was that the working party as well as the covering party were withdrawn, apparently through the misconception of an order, and some time elapsed before I was made aware of it, and got the parties to their places again. Another delay of the work occurred soon after the moon rose, by another misconception of an order, and the working parties were withdrawn from both saps, because an order had been sent to the covering parties to retire within the trenches when it got light ; and a still further loss of time occurred on this occasion before I could get the parties to their places
3 T

514
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
again, and I was unable to fill all the gabions I had placed in the early part of the night, and was obliged to leave them standing, to save the further delay of removing. The first delay was occasioned by an alarm on the Left, and the working party was then withdrawn to stand to their arms, but not moved back again into the sap when the alarm ceased. I was not with this party at the time, but was further on the right, looking for the field piece that was expected on the right of the fifth parallel, but which did not make its appearance, and it was not until my return to the sap that I discovered what had happened.
The embrasures of Nos. 9 and 14 batteries were repaired, and those of No. 17, as well as the merlons of the latter also.
The enemy has constructed a rifle-screen x on the hill near the head of the right sap i, which he holds, with apparently strong reserves in the ravine close to it. He did not, however, make any demonstration against our sap i ; and I believe the alarm on the Left turned out to be groundless.
At about 6 p.m. on the 4th the new bridge across the harbour was crowded with arabas and other vehicles, mostly heavily laden, apparently with hay, and all pressing over to the north side.
The enemy’s fire during the night was not so heavy as usual, but I regret to have to report the following casualties amongst the working parties, viz. :—
Killed.
One officer, Captain Anderson, 31st Regiment, Assistant Engineer. Three men of the 56th Regiment.
Wounded.
One officer, 56th Regiment.
Two privates, Guards.
Five privates, 56th Regiment.
Killed, 1 officer, 4 rank and file, Wounded, 33 rank and file.
Day very fine. 74°.
Wind N.
Thermometer in shade

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
515
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
1855.
September 5, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P it.
Working Partt.
Line . .
Sappers . . . Blasters . . . Officer on duty
f 1st relief, 200 men.
1 2d relief, 269 „
( 1st relief, 53 men. i 2d relief, 17 „
1st relief, 41 „
Capt. Montagu, R.E.
Thickening parapet and clearing trench of No. 19 battery, 1st and 2d relief, 50 men ; No. 8 battery, building embrasures, making new cut to the magazine, and filling up the old, and clearing trenches, and improving cover in rear, 1st relief, 50 men, 2d relief, 80 men ; bringing earth to thicken the third and fourth gun portion of No. 17 battery, and improving the demi-parallel, 1st and 2d relief, 30 men; bringing timber for the sea-service mortar bed, 1st relief, 10 men ; earthing up the magazine and passage in No. 14 battery, 1st and 2d reliefs, 10 men.
Men employed in carrying magazine frames, mortar platforms, &c., 1st relief, 10 men, 2d relief, 29 men ; men employed in draining fourth parallel, and making banquette, 1st relief, 40 men ; making roadway to No. 20 battery, 2d relief, 25 men ; filling bags in the double sap, carrying them to the front, and taking out gabions for the Cemetery, 2d relief, 25 men; building hut for the doctor in first parallel, 2d relief, 20 men.
I have tho honour to report, that the French opened fire on the Left at 5.30 A.M., and commenced very briskly, and apparently with some success on the Flagstaff Battery. On our side we kept up a fire of one shell per hour from the mortar, and some of the 32-pounders in the first parallel, but without effecting any apparent great damage. Our fire was directed principally upon the Redan and Garden batteries, and I believe two or three platforms in the former were destroyed by the vertical fire. I regret to say that Corporal Purch, of the Royal Sappers and Miners, was killed by a camion ball. No other casualties among the working parties.
1855.
September 5, Day.
5 A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
Working Partt.
Line . . . . £
Sappers . . . Officer on duty |
1st relief, 260 men.
2d relief, 200 „
16 men.
Major Campbeli, 46th Eegt.
1st Relief.
No. 22 battery, 50 men ; advancing sap, 40 men ; No. 18 battery, 20 men ; magazine in Quarries, 10 men ; doctors’ hut, 10 men ; carrying party, 20 men ; new approach r to fourth parallel, 50 men; first parallel batteries, 30 men ; second parallel batteries, 30 men.
Two brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
2d Relief.
No. 22 battery, 70 men ; carrying party, 24 men ; No. 18 battery, 20 men; first parallel batteries, 20 men ; second parallel batteries, 20 men ; doctors’ hut, 16 men; small-arm magazine, 10 men ; repairing shot-holes, 20 men.
Two brigades of Sappers in general superintendence.
A party of 50 men and three Sappers were employed at No. 22 battery, from 9 A.M. until 10 p.m.
A steady fire was kept up by the batteries of the Right attack during the day.
The enemy’s fire was comparatively weak. The principal fire of the enemy was from the Malakoff, from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m., and was directed on No. 17 battery, where one gun was dismantled.
In the afternoon the Malakoff was almost silent, and the principal fire was from the Redan, on No. 14 battery, the embrasures of which were much damaged. Scarcely any mortar shells were fired by the enemy during the day ; those that were were fired at No. 18 battery.
One casualty occurred in the working parties.
I Working Party.
! Line .... 2(H) men.
September 5, Night. Sappers ... 16 „
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. | 0JJi<!er mduty ^M^or CH.APMAN, 20th
Twenty men, one Sapper, No. 3 battery, revetting embrasures and repairing battery ; 20 men and two Sappers, No. 14, revetting embrasures ; 60 men, four Sappers, No. 19 battery, thickening merlons of Lancaster gun, covering magazine, excavating for terre- pleine, heightening and thickening parapet; 30 men,
September 5, Xflgbt.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Sappers ... 32 „
zLieut. Elphinstone, Officers on duty Sceaichley
C. H.E.
1. Sap on Redan t, placed and filled 16 gabions, and dug a trench in rear about two feet wide by one foot deep ; likewise widened trench, and thickened parapet of the previous night; the soil is getting rocky; there is not more than one foot of earth at the last placed gabions ; six Sappers, 50 men.
3 t 2

516
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
two Sappers, No. 17 battery, covering in magazine, heightening and thickening merlons; 20 men, two Sappers, No. 11, repairing embrasures; 50 men, five Sappers, in fifth parallel, improving. About 8.30 p.m. one of the enemy’s line of battle ships was on fire ; it continued burning the whole night, illuminating the whole of the enemy’s works so strongly that their workmen in large numbers were observed repairing quite plainly. On remonstrating with an officer in front as to the silence of our men’s usual musketry, I was informed that the colonel had given orders that the men were not to fire, unless the enemy opened any of their guns, and then only at the embrasures. Some fire was afterwards opened, which forced the enemy to cease working immediately. Four explosions took place on board the burning ship, and some of her guns fired. I could not discover by what means she had been set on fire. I observed the reflection of another fire up the harbour, but the high land in front prevented my finding out what it was.
Some houses on the left or west side of the Dockyard Creek were fired by a French shell, and continued burning all night; they appeared to contain stores.
The enemy annoyed us little during the night, and no casualty occurred to my working party.
At the hour of my relief it was not sufficiently light to discover the state of the enemy’s works, but a mine was sprung in front of the Flagstaff at 4.50
A.M.
Killed, 2 rank and file. Wounded, 1 rank and file.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 74°.
Observations.
The fire to-day from the English against the Russian works has not done any material injury. Our vertical fire appeared to have destroyed two or three platforms. The French bombardment seems to have been with more success against the Flagstaff batteries. The Russians continued to answer with vigour from the Redan and Garden batteries as long as -we fired at them.
(Signed) H. W. Montagu,
Capt. Royal Engineers.
Right Attack.
2. No. 22 battery, continued to thicken parapet and widen the terrepleine ; a second row of gabions were placed on the traverse, and the magazine continued to be excavated ; one Sapper, 50 men.
3. The 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures and traverses generally ; both had stood very fairly during the day’s firing ; four Sappers, 50 men.
4. Batteries in second parallel, repairing embrasures and traverses ; the former were much knocked about, especially those in No. 14. ; the magazine of No. 9 battery, damaged by a shell, was likewise repaired, and the height of earth on top increased ; seven Sappers, 50 men.
5. Batteries in the Quarries repairing, and revetting merlons, &c., four Sappers, 35 men.
6. Noi 14 battery, commenced revetting the embrasures of the two new gun portion, but was obliged to remove the men for the purpose of assisting in completing the repairs of embrasures and traverses in the second parallel, one Sapper, 20 men.
7. Magazine in No. 21 battery, continued to increase cover on the top, and strengthening generally, one Sapper, 15 men.
8. Generally repairing the magazine of No. 8 mortar battery, which had been damaged by the bursting of a shell, one Sapper, 10 men.
9. Sap i of ravine near White Rifle-pit q, filled 40 gabions that had been placed the previous night, some being empty, the others half full ; dug a small trench in rear, and carried earth with sandbags to the front. On first commencing work there was an alarm, but quietness was soon established, and nothing further occurred. The enemy did not disturb us in the slightest either with shot or shell.
I partly attribute this to the very judicious manner in which Captain Balfour of the Rifle Brigade posted his sentries and picquets ; they were about 40 yards in advance of the sap, and occupied the small stone screen x on the ridge, originally built by the Russians. Had Captain Balfour waited until the position he was to occupy had been pointed out to him by the field officer, which did not occur until some time past eight, I do not believe that we should have succeeded in performing any work.
It appears most desirable that this picquet should be told off to be iu waiting to occupy this post immediately dusk comes on. As we have much the shortest way to go, we ought always to be there before the Russians.
(Signed) A. Cooke, Capt. R.E.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
517
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
10. Repairing fifth parallel, filling up shot-holes, &c., and repairing banquettes, one Sapper, 30 men.
11. The enemy had a working party of some 30 to 40 men employed apparently in cutting a trench v across the small ridge to which our right sap is now leading.
The Coehorns which were carried to the White Rifle - pit q last night sent several shell close to (but not nmong) this party, and into the ravine where the picquet is supposed to stop.
12. Our advanced trenches did not open and keep up, as usually, a constant musketry fire ; although this might have prevented the enemy from shelling our trenches, it certainly gave him an excellent opportunity to repair all his parapets and embrasures.
13. The centre vessel adjoining the bridge across the harbour caught fire last night, and burned and illuminated the place during the whole of the night; It was still burning when I left. There was likewise a large fire in the Dockyard Creek Ravine. These must have been buildings, I presume.
14. Some of the working parties did not work particularly well. 1 was forced to check the working pay of one detachment. A party which had been employed in carrying gabions from tlio park, at the rate of one to eveiy two men, left at 12 o’clock without leave, thereby causing the embrasures in the 21-gun battery to remain unfinished. Several men of the carrying party did not return after the first “ trip.” In consequence of being so short of men, I was unable to commence the small lodgment in front of the White Rifle-pit q. I might have easily completed it, everything being favourable.
Killed, 7 rank and file. Wounded, 2 officers, 30 rank and file.
Sergeant W. Wilson, 1st Company, killed.
Private J. Chcsterman, 2d Company, wounded slightly.
Day very fine. Wind N.W. Thermometer in shade 74°.
Observations.
Redan and MalakofF a little knocked about, but nothing material. Platforms seen to fly in Redan from shell. No guns perceptibly silenced, unless in low batteries with six guns, which after some firing continued with only two, the remaining embrasures being masked.
The Russians fired hardly any shells during the day. Our batteries little damaged; No. 14 somewhat

513
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
1855 .
September 6, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
■Wobkixg Party.
Line .... Carpenters . Line Miners .
Sappers . . . Officer on duty
( 1st relief, 120 men.
\ 2d relief, 150 „
1st relief, 12 „
1st relief, 43 „ fist relief, 11 „
<. 2d relief, 14 „
Capt. Nicholson, R.E.
1st Relief.
Re-forming embrasures, cutting passage, forming traverses, revetting merlons, &c. in No. 8 battery, 40 men, three Sappers ; assisting miners in clearing away debris, improving trench and cover on the left of No. 19 battery, and also on the right, 30 men and two Sappers; No. 17 battery, collecting stone (soft) for filling bags ready for night, improving right demi- parallel, 20 men and one Sapper ; a party of 50 men and two Sappers were told off 1 for No. 14 battery, but they never made their appearance, though I was assured by the adjutant of the trenches that he had named them ; draining, revetting, and generally improving the fourth parallel, 30 men and two Sappers; assisting carpenters at sea-service mortal', No. 13 battery, 10 men, one Sapper.
2d Relief.
Filling 250 gabions for the repair of battery No. 1, and filling 250 sandbags for the repair of batteries Nos. 3 and 4, 20 men, one Sapper ; filling 150 sandbags for No. 11 battery, &e., filling 150 sandbags for No. 20 battery, 20 men, one Sapper.
N.B.—The earth had to be brought some distance.
Filling 250 sandbags for No. 10 battery, 250 sandbags for No. 16 battery, 20 men, one Sapper ; filling 250 sandbags for No. 14 battery, five men, one Sapper (bugler) ; 40 men and eight Sappers cutting embrasures in parapet, re-forming and repairing parapet, traverses, and merlons, No. 13 battery. Great exertion on the part of the men (14th) employed in this work has brought this work nearly to a conclusion, and great credit is due to them, and also to the Sappers who directed them.
Filling sandbags in double sap, 75 men, one Sapper ; completing engineers’ hut in No. 2 battery, 20 men, one Sapper.
Rigut Attack.
knocked about, the Redan having fired heavily on it in the afternoon.
One gun in No. 17 disabled.
(Signed) A. C. Cooke,
Capt. Royal Engineers,
Director Right Attack.
1855 .
September 6, Day.
B A.M. tO 9 A.M.
3 P.M. tO 7 P.M.
WOEKIXG PABTY.
Line .... Sappers . . . Carpenters
Officer on duty
Detail.
fist relief 300 men. (.2d relief, 300 „
15 men.
20 „
fCa^t^DK Moleyss,
1. No. 22 battery, forming parapet and terrepleine, and excavating for magazine, parapet completed two gabions in height, excavation completed, both reliefs, 60 men, and special party from nine to one, 60 men.
2. Sap t on Redan, widening and deepening trench, both reliefs, 60 men.
3. No. 18 battery, forming new mortar portion on right, both reliefs, 30 men.
4. Doctors’ hut in Quarries, covering with earth, both reliefs, 15 men.
5. Small-arm magazine in Quarries, excavating, both reliefs, 10 men.
6. Left approach to No. 19, repairs to trench, both reliefs, 40 men.
7. General repairs to trenches, 1st relief, 40 men.
i 8. No. 19 battery, assisting carpenters, 1st relief, j 15 men.
j 9. Fifth parallel, general repairs, 1st relief, 40 | men ; fifth parallel, building steps up parapet with ; old planking, stones, barrels, &c., 2d relief, 40 men, one brigade of carpenters.
10. Carrying platforms, scantling, gabions, &c., 2d relief, 40 men.
11. No. 14 battery, revetting two new embrasures, i 2d relief, 15 men.
j The Sappers were employed in general superin- | tendence.
The carpenters were employed laying two platforms in No. 14; one is completed, and the other sufficiently forward to allow the battery to be armed this evening.
The working parties worked well, and I am only aware of one man being wounded.
The enemy scarcely fired at all, although our batteries kept up a heavy fire during the day.
The Gervais Battery, on the right of the Town, did not fire a single shot ; the Town itself not more than

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
•519
Left Attack.
Carpenters.
Four, laying platform to sea-service mortar ; two, No. 5 magazine, No. 15 battery ; two, engineers’ hut; two, forming gutter in rear of No. 8 battery ; two, making frames for shell-room, No. 20 battery ; one corporal in charge.
Miners.
One corporal, 16 miners, blasting rock to form trench in No. 19 battery ; one corporal, 18 miners, blasting in fifth parallel; one corporal, six miners, blasting in No. 8 battery. I regret to say that I had great difficulty in getting one detachment to their work, and after the parties were told off I was unable to see the officers attached to them, consequently great confusion took place ; and of the 40 men detailed for No. 8 battery only 20 reached their destination; the others I could not find. In consequence of the above circumstances a very bad morning’s work was done. In the afternoon a party of 30 men did not reach the place where they were told off till 4 p.m.
For the effect produced by our batteries on those of the enemy during the day’s bombardment I beg to refer to my report of this evening.
The Russians in the course of the day caused very slight injury to our butteries, whieh were throughout the day well supported by the French on our Left.
Very few casualties, but three of the working party being wounded.
Observations.
Captain Nicholson reports that most of the embrasures of the right face of the Redan appear to be seriously damaged, but one appears to be intact, and three or four are evidently masked.
The Redan Wall, between the gorge of Redan and the Barrack Battery, is also seriously damaged, partly by our own fire, but principally by the French during the afternoon. There are also some embrasures in this part that are solidly masked. In the flank from the edge of the Woronzoff Ravine to the gorge of the Redan most of the embrasures remain effective. The caponniere across the ditch of this flank has been injured by the vertical fire.
The 2-gun battery in rear of this flank is still in good repair.
It is not apparent that much damage has been done to the Barrack batteries.
Right Attack.
a dozen. The left flanks of the Redan fired at intervals from one to two guns on No. 14 and on Nos. 4 and 5.
The Barrack Battery fired regularly from one gun on No. 13. There was no vertical fire from the enemy, except one or two Coehorns into the Quarries. Some annoyance was, however, caused during the morning by a 3-gun battery under the Crow’s-nest Battery, about 20 feet above the level of the water, and immediately in front of the Creek Battery. This battery can almost take Nos. 17 and 20 in reverse, but of course cannot see them.
It is difficult to conjecture as to the amount of damage caused by our fire. The exterior of the enemy’s batteries appear considerably damaged.
There was a considerable traffic across the bridge (both ways) during the day.
I was unable to discover any signs of the vessel that was burnt last night. It was not, however, one of the Russian line of battle ships, as the full number (six) are still at their moorings.

520
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
The Creek batteries do not appear to have been injured.
In the “Lower Garden batteries” the exterior gabion revetments are much injured, but the guns are not silenced.
The Upper Garden and Town batteries are but little injured, but the fire from the Flagstaff Battery was considerably subdued in the afternoon.
The Russians continued to fire from a few embrasures in the Redan wall, flank of the Redan, Barrack, and Garden batteries, until sunset.
(Signed) Geo. Bent,
Major Royal Engineers,
Director for Left attack.
1855 .
September 6, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Working Party.
Line .... 198 men.
Sappers ... 16 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Gordon, R.E.
A party of 26 men were employed in No. 1 battery, revetting and repairing the embrasures ; a party of 40 men were employed in Nos. 3 and 4 batteries, revetting and repairing the embrasures ; these two batteries were in rather a bad state of repair. A party of 60 men were employed in revetting and repairing the embrasures of Nos. 9 and 11 batteries, and revetting and thickening the purupet of tlio Lancaster gun in No. 19 battery. A party of 40 men were employed in Nos. 10 and 16 batteries, repairing the embrasures. A mortar shell dropped during the day on the merlon of No. 6 gun in No. 10 battery, and did great damage to the work, which was repaired. A party of 22 men were employed in masking Nos. 1 and 2 guns in No. 8 battery, and revetting No. 1 gun of No. 14 battery three gabions to the front. A party of 16 men were employed in masking Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns in No. 7, to enable a party to revet them during the day. The musketry fire kept up did not seem sufficient to keep the enemy from repairing their works. I acquainted the general of the trenches with this fact, but did not notice much improvement.
The French kept up a constant stream of shells into the town during the night. A large fire broke out in the direction of the Malakoff Tower about 10 o’clock, and two smaller ones took place afterwards in the town. The enemy did not attempt to disturb our working parties.
Killed, 4 rank and file. Wounded, 13 rank and flic.
Naval Brigade:—Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 9 seamen.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 75°.
i
Working Party.
Line .... 400 men.
Special party . 50 „
Sappers ... 34 „
Officer on duty Lieut. Ranken, R.E.
No 14 battery, revetting two new embrasures in readiness to commence firing next morning, two Sappers 20 men ; one embrasure only was completed ; the other could not be commenced, in consequence of the fighting bolt not having been placed ; repairing embrasures, same battery, do. No. 9 battery, six Sappers, 30 men ; No. 22 battery, throwing up loose earth to thicken parapet, and forming three embrasures, 1 Sapper, 30 men. The earth accumulated in the battery was not all thrown up by this working party. As the completion of the battery was urgent, I therefore procured a special working party of 50 men of the 56tli Regiment, who worked from 2 a.m to 4 a.m. with great steadiness, and completed the task assigned to them. In the 21-gun battery, repairing embrasures, six Sappers, 30 men. The cheeks of all the embrasures of the bombarding batteries were much injured by the sustained and heavy fire of yesterday ; the necessary repairs were, however, completed during the night. Quarry batteries, Nos. 20 and 17, repairing embrasures, four Sappers, 20 men. This party wrought very well, in spite of thick clouds of dust which impeded their -work considerably. Carrying party, one corporal, one private of Sappers, 200 men, employed in bringing down planks, &c., from the engineer park, and subsequently detailed as specified below.
Sap t, on the salient of Redan, two Sappers, 40 men, placing gabions by flying sap, strengthening where necessary with sandbags, and improving approach
1855 .
September 6, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M. I

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
521
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
generally. I have to report favourably on the manner in which this party worked.
The men were from the 90th Regiment, superintended by Corporal Wright and Private Barnard Murray, Royal Sappers and Miners. They placed and filled 20 gabions, and also partially backed them with earth. This sap is being now curved a little towards the left. The enemy threw out a light ball towards it, which was extinguished by earth thrown on it from under cover of the parapet. The soil is rather rocky towards the head of the sap.
The enemy did not attempt very seriously to molest our working party. The gabions collected in the Quarries, a portion of which were intended for this sap, were found to be generally rotten, and I was forced to procure some of those which had been carried down to the Right sap i near the little ravine, to continue the approach. I would beg to suggest that a number of strong gabions for embrasures and saps should be collected together in the Quarries.
Sap i, near little ravine, two Sappers, 30 men, continuing approach by flying sap, and improving trench ; one Sapper, 25 men, were subsequently detached from another party to strengthen this ; 11 gabions were placed and nine filled. The working party were, however, shelled out by the enemy at about 1 a.m., with, I regret to report, four casualties. The Russians appear to have got the exact range of this approach ; the ground in rear of it slopes towards the trench, and shells pitching there roll down the hill into it. I would beg to suggest that traverses should be formed and a small bank of earth or sandbags erected on the reverse of the sap. I regret extremely to report that Captain Buckley of the Guards was killed while visiting his sentries posted round the head of the sap, by the Russians lying concealed close by in the grass. This is the second casualty of precisely the same character which has occurred at this spot, and it seems to point out the paramount necessity of as early an occupation as possible every evening of the ground in front of our work. ' It might be advantageous, possibly, also, were a fire of grape directed from the fifth parallel to sweep the ground near the head of the sap. Fifth parallel, collecting stones from Quarry near sap, and placing them along the reverse of parallel, for the purpose of forming a banquette, one corporal of the Sappers, 25 men. 50 men were originally detailed for this, but owing to
3 u

522
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
the deficiency of handbarrows I detached half to improve the right sap. Carrying sandbags to the following batteries, for revetting embrasures, and filling them for use, 21-gun battery, 20 men ; Nos. 14 and 9 batteries, 20 men ; No. 22 battery, 30 men ; Nos. 7 7 and 20 batteries, 20 men. These men were placed under the superintendence of the Sappers employed on the embrasures of the batteries to which they were told off. I may take this opportunity of reporting very favourably on the manner in which the Sappers and men employed in repairing the embrasures of the batteries mentioned in the detail performed their work, in spite of a high wind and blinding dust. In the 21-gun battery six Sappers repaired as many embrasures, all of which were in a very dilapidated state ; No. 20 battery, one Sapper, 10 men, thickening right merlon ; making good fifth parallel with sandbags, one Sapper, 50 men. Owing to a misapprehension of an order given by me, only one bale of sandbags was brought down in place of the 10 I had ordered. The fifth parallel requires most extensive and general repair.
The casualties in it among the guard of the trenches last night were severe.
General Remarks.
Our fire was not sustained with much vigour at night, and but little attempt was made by our batteries to silence the enemy’s Coehorn mortars which cause such numerous casualties in our advanced approaches. This has been, with scarce an exception, the general subject of complaint every night in the trenches, and the field officers in charge have invariably concurred in the opinion I have expressed from time to time on the subject.
I consider that every support should be given by our batteries to our working parties, and I am induced to believe that counter batteries of Coehorn mortars established in the fifth parallel at convenient points would serve to silence, in a great measure, the enemy’s fire.
It was reported to me by an officer of the Guards in command of a party occupying the extreme left of the fifth parallel, that a portion of the trench was enfiladed, bullets dropping into it so thickly as to induce him to move his men farther up the parallel. It is not impossible but that the cross fire complained of may proceed from the Left attack.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
523
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
There was rather a bright fire on the proper right of the Malakoff about 11 p.m., which lasted for upwards of an hour. I am unable to say what it was. The enemy fired several rockets during the night, but did not reply to the fire of our batteries yesterday evening with any spirit.
Killed, 7 rank and file. Wounded, 36 rank and file.
Naval Brigade:—
Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 9 seamen.
I recommend that notice should be taken in General Orders of the conduct of the Sappers and 90th Regiment, and that half a day’s working pay be granted to them.
(Signed) H. D. J.
Day very fine. Calm. Thermometer in shade 75°.
Working Party.
300 men fr.5 A.M.to 9 A.M. 200 „ „ 9 A.M. to 12
Working Partt.
( 1st relief, 150 men.
1855.
September 7 , Day.
1855.
September 7, Day.
5 A.M. to 9 A.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
1Z to Si P.M.
3 P.M. to 7 P.M.
( 1st relief, 150 me 12d relief, 200
lstrener, 150 men. 2d relief, 200
Sappers ... 16 men.
Carpenters . . 12 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Sedley, R.E.
Sappers
... ....... iv men.
Officer on duty Lieut. J ones, 46tli Regt.
Detail.
No. 8 battery, 40 men and eight Sappers, under Corporal Cray, revetting embrasures and repairing battery generally, 5 A.M. to 9 A.M. ; 50 men and eight Sappers at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; completed the battery; No. 7 battery, 15 men, three Sappers, revetting embrasures with sandbags, 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. ; 38 men, three Sappers, at same work, 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; No. 19 battery, 50 men and two Sappers, thickening parapet with earth, stones, &c., 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. ; 80 men and two Sappers at same work, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; No. 13 battery, 15 men and three Sappers laying platform of sea-service mortar, 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. ; 30 men and one Sapper carrying platforms, 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. ; 16 men, one Sapper, at same work, 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; 14 men employed at new road to No. 20 battery, 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. ; a two-decker in the harbour set on fire by a French rocket.
Battery No. 22, 70 men in each relief, widening the terrepleine, cutting embrasures, levelling battery, carrying platform timbers, &c. ; banquette, fifth parallel, 70 men forming it the whole length of parallel ; advance t on Redan, 40 men forming steps in it, &c. ; small-arm magazine in Quarries, 10 men covering it and finishing it ; 20 men collecting barrels, &c. for the use of banquettes, &c., planks, &c., from the Quarries and various batteries ; 30 men filling sandbags, and piling them in advance on Redan ; 30 men also filling them, and packing them in Quarries ; 30 men do. do. in little ravine on the right sap i; 10 men repairing the top of magazine in the 8-gun battery, No. 9 ; 30 men sent up to the park to bring down extra timber for the carpenters ; 30 men held ready, and sent to various batteries, where they required immediate work to be executed.
The carpenters were employed laying the platforms of No. 22 battery, forming the magazine, and also in building the small-arm magazine in Quarries, and the brigades of Sappers in general superintendence of works. The banquette was completed the whole length of fifth parallel, and also in the advance t on Redan. 4,000 sandbags were filled and piled ; 500 gabions have been collected in the Quarries. No. 22 battery was nearly completed. The firing of the enemy during yesterday was heavy, and a single banked frigate was set on fire in the afternoon.
3 u 2

5*24
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Working Paiitt.
cjulIjuuIuiw n itf Tj \ ne . . i . 250 men.
September 7, Night. Sappers . . 16 (>
8 p.m. to 2 a.m. Officer on duty Lieut. Neville, R*E.
The whole of the embrasures were repaired, and Nos. 7 and 8 batteries revetted, and the embrasures opened for firing this morning.
At about 12 p.m. the magazine on board the ship on fire exploded.
The hulk in the creek was set on fire, and several large fires made in the town by the rockets thrown from the French near No. 6 (the Picquet-liouse) battery. The Russians returned veiy little fire during the night.
Wounded, 2 rank and file.
Morning showery. Afternoon fine. Wind (strong) variable. Thermometer in shade 72°.
Right Attack.
Working Party.
Line .... 880 men.
Sappers ... 29 „
Special Party 100 „
fMajor Stanton, R.E. Officers on duty < Lieut. Scratchley,
(. R.E.
Detail.
No. 22 battery, four Sappers, 60 men ; magazine in Quarries, one Sapper, 10 men ; fifth parallel, six Sappers, 160 men ; repairing embrasures, 14 Sappers, 70 men ; sap t on Redan, four Sappers, 80 men.
No. 22 battery was completed during the night, the embrasures opened, ramps cut, &c., the guns were also brought into it, but unfortunately only one was serviceable at 5 a.m.
No. 22 battery was never armed or brought into play, which was much to be regretted.
(Signed) H. D. J.
The 68-pounder not having been mounted, and the other 8-inch gun capsized, the new small-arm ammunition magazine in the Quarries was completed, and the porch made.
The banquette of the fifth parallel was improved, and steps made to the parapet, sandbags being used for the purpose ; the right of the fifth parallel was heightened in several places by three rows of sandbags, and gabions were used for improving the revetment where the soil was favourable.
The sap t on the Redan was improved by placing sandbags on the gabions where necessary, to make good the cover ; the banquette also was made up. 39 lengths of sealing ladders, 24 feet each, were placed in the sap t on the Redan, and 38 short lengths. One of the 24-feet ladders was afterwards broken by a shell, and another was broken by the same means before reaching the sap t.
There are ten spare 24-feet lengths in the Quarries.
(Signed) F. E. C.
Finding I could not get the work required completed by the special working party before 2.0 a.m., I obtained a party of 100 men from the guard of the trenches, who worked from 2 till 5 o’clock, and the work was left in a more satisfactory state. Two platforms in No. 13 battery were repaired by the carpenters (one brigade). About 11 o’clock a slight explosion occurred within the place, apparently in rear of the Redan, and a veiy large fire broke out soon after, which was raging when I left the trenches.
1855.
September 7, Night.
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
525
Left Attack.
Rigut Attack.
The exact site of the fire I am unable to state, but it : appeared to me to be nenr Fort Nicholas. The remains of one of the old hulks in the Dockyard i Creek was also burnt during the night. There was, in ! addition, another large fire in the Karabelnaia suburb.
1 The enemy were very quiet during the night, and | did not molest us much ; but I believe they managed ! to repair the damages they had received from our fire,
I as there was scarcely sufficient fire directed on them from our advance.
The two 10-inch guns in No. 14 battery not having been mounted, the embrasures were not opened.
Killed, 1 officer, 10 rank and file. Wounded, 36 rank and file.
Naval BrigadeWounded, 6 seamen.
Morning showery. Afternoon fine. Wind (strong) variable. Thermometer in shade 72°.
I Working Party.
1855 . L ine .... 200 men.
200 men.
Working Party.
1855 .
September 8, Night. 7 r.M. to 2 a.m. I
i sappers . . . j Carpenters . j Officers on duty £
September 8, Night. 8 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Capt.DEJIOLEYKS,R.E. Lieut. Dumaresq, R.E.
Line .... 25 men.
Officer on duty Capt. Nicholson, R.E.
Detail.
No working parly having been told off for the trenches this night, on account of the attack on the Redan, and the guard having been on duty for 36 hours, 25 men only were detailed to clear out the debris left by the miners in the double sap.
Right advance sap i, extending and forming lodgment to command the ground iu front of Redan, 100 men and three Sappers; 100 gabions placed and filled; this party, furnished by the 42d Highlanders, worked well ; during the early part of the night they were slightly annoyed by grape and musketry. A party of about 150 of the Rifle Brigade occupied the slope of the little ravine, along which several screens of stones had been placed by the enemy, as cover for their riflemen. By permission of Sir Colin Campbell, I extended a covering party of the 42d, 50 men, with their right on the most advanced screen x held by the rifles, and their left thrown round the brow of the hill facing towards the Redan. The enemy, however, made no demonstration of an attack. The remainder of the working party and the Sappers were employed repairing the embrasures in the different batteries.
The sailors partially repaired their own batteries, but nothing was done to the remainder. There was a considerable amount of musketry fire on the right in the direction of the Malakoff in the early part of the evening, but at about 11 o’clock the fires which had been burning in different parts of the town increased rapidly both in size and number, and at intervals the magazines in the Russian batteries were seen to explode.
There was a little musketry on the French Left attack during the night, and it has not ceased at this moment.
Killed, 8 rank and file. Wounded, 3 officers, 33 rank and file.
Day fine. Wind (strong) N.W. Thermometer iu
During the night frequent explosions took place in various parts of the town, which appeared to be on
shade 73°.
fire in several places. Between one and half past one o’clock I heard rumours that the Redau had been evacuated. I went forward immediately, and found such was the case. Several of our troops were inside, and a few of those who had been sent out to bring in the wounded from the places.
I immediately sent to inform Sir Colin Campbell, with a view to its occupation, and I likewise

526
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Left Attack.
Right Attack.
telegraphed to General Sir Harry Jones and Colonel Chapman. Sir Colin proposed immediately to occupy it with a small force. I was on my way back towards the trenches, to join this party, when an explosion took place near the Barrack batteries. I fear this explosion must have done considerable harm among our wounded, who were lying in large numbers in the ditch and on the counterscarp of the Redan, as large masses of earth and stones were thrown all round us. As it appeared probable that the Redan itself next would be blown up, Sir Colin determined on not occupying it, and directed that no men should return there. I am therefore unable to give as perfect an account of the work as I would wish to do. The ditch is about 12 feet deep, originally revetted with gabions ; but a man can now easily walk down it. The escarp and exterior slope of parapet are now in one line, about 25 feet, up which one can scramble. The work itself is composed of a bomb-proof underground barrack, like a succession of magazines, entered by staircases under the traverses. The guns are ship guns mounted on the roof of this, with a traverse between each, and a parados traverse all round the rear. I did not observe any of them dismounted, but the parapets, embrasures, and traverses were almost destroyed. In some of the traverses 1 observed large iron water cases, such as are used on board ships. There was apparently ample store of shot alongside each gun. The interior of the work is quite bare, and cut up by our shells in a manner which would render it a most serious obstacle to a party advancing on the retrenchment, which I could see about 200 yards off, but of the nature and trace of which I can form no idea, having been unable to examine it. There was a large number of our men lying dead in the salient of the Redan, and also several Russians.
I would beg leave, in conclusion, to bring to your notice the behaviour of Sergeant Landrey and Corporal Ross, Royal Sappers and Miners, who accompanied me to the Redan, and brought back a wounded Sapper and a sergeant of the Rifle Brigade.
Killed, 27 officers, 639 rank and file. Wounded, 114 officers, 1,648 rank and file. Missing, 1 officer, 160 rank and file.
Naval Brigade
Killed, 1 seaman. Wounded, 23 seamen.
Day fine. Wind (strong). Thermometer in shade 73°.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
527
RErOKTS FROM LOOK-OUT STATION.
September 1. The working parties went as usual, though not quite so numerous, from the North Fort to the several new works on that side ; they remained the whole day, and were numerous about the demi-line to the south-east of Fort Wasp.
The new earthworks west of the Cemetery have four embrasures, not armed, pointing towards the Malnkoif attack and the end of the ports.
The left of the Malakoff seems much injured, and the French sap seems close to the abattis.
There are profiles, frameworks, set up on this side" Fort Nicholas, their defence looking towards Malakoft' Hill on the harbour, but little is going on there.
At 2 f.m. a large concourse of men at Fort Nicholas Point crossed the bridge to the north ; a party of about equal strength came over in their place.
There was much traffic on the bridge yesterday ; carts heavily laden going north with what appeared to be boxes of furniture.
The sack store and hay somewhat increased.
The Inkerman camp : the mud huts there seem increasing.
A very large barge, towed by boats, left Fort Nicholas in the direction of Fort Constantine till out of shot, then turned towards the north side, and came round close in shore to Fort Catherine. It was heavily laden, and was covered over with timbers, probably ammunition.
Rafts were taken in the direction of Fort Paul.
Arrived on the north side—
449 carts piled with gabions,
10 with timbers,
12 with hay,
61 with sacks.
3 barges highly piled with gabions from north to south.
162 carts left empty.
Carts passing the bridge (not exact) from north to south—
Hay, 8 carts,
Gabions, 6 carts, and several empty ones.
Carts covered with white, and having sacks. 60 from south to north, and 74 with boxes, furniture, ike.
September 2. About 7.30 a.m. yesterday there was distant firing in the direction of the Tchernaya.
Carts brought into the town gabions and hay, and took out bulky looking articles.
Two large working parties on the north side at the batteries ; and from the number of wooden beams that were collected at the place it appeared that they were laying down platforms.
About 2 p.m. great volumes of smoke arose from the rear of our No. 18 battery, Right attack.
The French were working at their advanced sap during the day.
At 4.30 p.m. a large party of Russians dragged a gun from the market village to the landing place at Fort Michael.
The sacks have increased, the coal also is increased.
The hay is being gradually diminished.
About 3,000 men crossed into the town, and went round Fort Nicholas, at 6.30 p.m.
Came in by the upper road—
189 carts.
88 of which with sacks,
37 with timber,
45 with ammunition.

528
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
By lower road—
72 with sacks,
71 with gabions,
248 left empty by upper road, and a few by the lower road.
September 3. The Redan seems to have been repaired in most places ; the embrasures seem all in good order.
The face and embrasures of the Malakoff remain much damaged towards the French.
The working parties as usual, and strong, for the batteries on the north side, which partly look to seaward, partly towards the harbour, the trace of some of them being now distinct.
Other works are commencing, the fire of which would take the Malakoff and adjacent suburbs and batteries in rear.
The place was very quiet all the morning, but towards evening much traffic took place across the bridge, many carts coming out with light but large cargoes.
A fire took place in rear of the Malakoff.
Another raft was towed over towards Fort Paul yesterday.
Arrived from the country—
83 carts of sacks,
13 of hay,
35 large timbers,
42 left empty.
From north to south, there came by the bridge—
8 carts with sacks,
4 with hay,
25 empty.
From south to north—
42 carts laden in various ways.
Boats also went over laden.
The French sprung four blasts or mines near the Bastion-du-Mat ; two at sunrise and two at sunset.
September 4. About 7 a.m. a large working party worked on the left of the 6-gun battery in front of the Dockyard buildings till 10 a.m.
About 11 a.m. a large party dragged a heavy object from the sack store to a fort on the extreme right; it appeared too long for a gun, and looked like an ambulance waggon.
Traffic has been considerable across the bridge.
Two explosions took place on the French left.
10 carts came to the north side with timber,
64 with hay,
178 with ammunition,
318 with gabions,
488 left empty.
September 5. Great traffic in and out of Sebastopol during yesterday by the bridge. The greater part of arrivals were green covered waggons, with two and four wheels, with three horses. They came in by the north road. They seemed to pass round the Fort Nicholas storehouses, and after remaining some time re-crossed the bridge.
The arrivals on the north side of the harbour were :—
188 carts of gabions,
28 carts of large timber,
89 left empty.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
529
Carts passed the bridge from north to south—
2 with hay,
84 green carts with white and green covers.
Carts passed the bridge from south to north—
54 carts piled with different things,
125 laden heavily, and covered with tarpaulin,
1 barge of gabions,
120 green carts went as they came in by the north road.
Large working parties at the new batteries on north shore, and at some new ones in progress along the crest of north shore side of harbour.
The arsenal building is being unroofed, and the timbers taken out.
Two guns of large size were lying on Nicholas Wharf yesterday afternoon.
September 6. At 5 a.m. yesterday the French batteries on the Left opened fire.
7 a.m. some troops crossed the bridge, but owing to the smoke their number could not be ascertained.
11 a.m. 300 unarmed men crossed the bridge from the north side.
1 i*.m. The French opened their batteries from their Right.
There came to the north side by upper road—
186 carts with gabions,
93 covered carts,
65 carts with sacks,
203 seemingly with ammunition.
By lower road there came—
23 carts with gabions,
17 carts with timbers.
After 1.30 it was impossible to count the number of the carts, owing to the smoke, but a great number came in during the afternoon, remaining packed on the hill, and coming down towards Sebastopol in the evening.
The sacks and hay are not increased, and there were not many men employed as working parties on the north side.
1.30. The steamer with two heavy large barges crossed to the north side.
One barge of gabions came to south side.
About 250 carts crossed the bridge, and returned full to the north side.
About 8.30 p.m. a frigate took fire in the harbour, and burnt till near 11 p.m.
This morning large parties of armed men came across the bridge to the south side; difficult to estimate from the smoke.
September 7. The embrasures of the Redan appeared to be in good order generally, yesterday morning, but they were more damaged during the day.
It was a very bad day for observation, from the dust and smoke.
Came in to the north side—
50 carts of sacks,
50 carts of gabions,
130 green carts, with a horse led behind, going into the town,
3 timbers left the north side,
67 carts laden.
Crossed the bridge from north to south—
80 green carts,
33 green carts laden with furniture and boxes, &c.,
5 large barges of gabions.
One of the line of battle ships was moved alongside the 2d ship during the time the frigate was on fire, and moved back to her old moorings this morning.
3 x

530
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Tea laden carts were taken to the burial ground yesterday morning.
The timbers of the roof of the arsenal are being removed fast.
This morning there was not much damage done to the line of flank embrasures of the Redan.
GENERAL ORDER.
1855. No. 1.—The defences of the trenches suffer much from the reckless conduct of the troops in September 3. removing gabions, fascines, ammunition boxes, &c. for fuel. The Commander of the Forces has already publicly forbidden this practice, and is not disposed to permit his order to be disobeyed. An allowance of fuel is issued for the use of the troops in the trenches, and if it is represented as insufficient it shall be increased, but the defences must not be wantonly destroyed.
General officers commanding divisions are requested to give directions to officers under their command to exert themselves more in this matter than they appear lately to have done, and to order that any soldier found in the possession of or burning any portion of the gabions, fascines, barrels, or other ordnance stores, materials, or tools, shall be made a prisoner on leaving the. trenches, and be liable to be tried by a court- martial for disobedience of orders.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
September l. Par. No. 1. The Major-General Commanding has to draw the attention of officers to the misapplication of terms in their morning reports. For the last two mornings the rush made by the enemy from their most advanced works upon our sap has been called a sortie, implying an attack in force, which the circumstances of the case did not warrant, and thereby conveying an incorrect idea of the actual occurrence.
September 5. In re-publisliing, for the information of the officers of the corps under his command, the following extract from Par. 1 of Brigade Orders of the 29tli May last, the Major-General has to call attention to the manner in which several reports from officers on duty in the trenches have been drawn up lately, containing merely the distribution of the working parties, without remarks on the enemy’s proceedings, or anything to show that the operations of a great siege were in progress.
Extract.—“ They will be careful to notice in their reports whatever they can discover of the enemy’s proceedings. In some instances the reports contain nothing but the distribution of the working parties.”
By order,
(Signed) E. F. Bourchieb,
Brigade-Major, R.E.
September 6. The corps of Royal Sappers and Miners has lost in the late Sergeant Wilson a non-commissioned officer distinguished for his conduct throughout the siege, ever foremost in danger, and respected by the various officers of Royal Engineers under whom he served in this campaign.
Such an example is worthy of imitation by the young soldiers of the corps, whose reputation must always be increased while numbering among its ranks individuals like the late Sergeant Wilson.
By order,
(Signed) E. F. Bourchier,
Brigade-Major, R.E.
September 7. It has afforded the Major-General Commanding much satisfaction to receive such commendatory reports of the conduct of the non-commissioned officers and men of the Royal Sappers and Miners in tho

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
531
execution of their duties in the trenches since the re-commencement of the bombardment as have been submitted to him during the last two days, and which cannot fail to reflect credit on the corps as well as on the men concerned.
By order,
(Signed) E. F. Bourchier,
Brigade-Major, R.E.
September li. 1 . With reference to Par. 2 of Brigade Orders of 31st ultimo—
The board will sit daily until the completion of the duties allotted to them.
2. The siege operations being terminated, the Major-General Commanding begs the officers of Royal Engineers will accept his sincere thanks for the energy and zeal which they have invariably evinced in the discharge of the duties required of them ; ever anxious to be employed in duties of danger, and never holding back in works of labour, whatever might be the unfavourable circumstances under which they were to be carried on. Such highly meritorious conduct will be made known in the proper quarters where it should be, and where it will meet with its reward.
The non-commissioned officers and privates of the Royal Sappers and Miners have distinguished themselves throughout the siege by their gallantry and good conduct, which has been on many occasions very conspicuous.
The Major-General will make the same known to the Inspector-General of Fortifications.
Lieutenant Colonel Chapman is requested to accept the thanks of the Major-General for the valuable assistance he has rendered him since he became senior officer of Engineers.
By order,
(Signed) E. F. Bourchier,
Brigade-Major, R.E.
September 12. Par. No. 1. Major-General Sir Harry Jones requests the officers who have been doing duty as assistant engineers to accept his thanks for the great zeal and intrepidity they have invariably evinced whilst so employed. The satisfactory manner in which they porformed the duties required of them redounds much to their credit, and the experience they have gained in a variety of ways cannot fail to be highly useful to them in their future military career.
The Major-General has had great pleasure in making known to the Commander of the Forces the valuable assistance they have afforded the Royal Engineers throughout this long and arduous siege.
Memorandum.
Before Sebastopol, 3d September, 1855.
The undersigned having assembled, in accordance with the orders given by the Commanders-in-Chief, have agreed that the siege works have arrived at such a point that the assault ought to be given to the place, after a short delay.
The following are the principal considerations on which they found their opinion :—
As to the attacks on the town, the approaches by sap have remained stationary for a long time ; they could not be advanced but by suffering great loss, and but small advantage could be made of the short space of ground that could yet be gained.
Refore the Redan the English attacks have made some progress, but the approaches cannot be pushed further without very great difficulties, which would lead to delays prejudicial to the attack.
Before the Malakoff the French artillery have obtained a marked superiority over that of the place. Under its protection, the approaches have arrived at about 25 metres from the enceinte in front of the Tower. If the ground allows the execution of the sap, it will be possible, without doubt, to arrive sufficiently near the ditch to blow in the counterscarp ; but it is to be remembered, on one hand, that this approach cannot be made
3x2

532
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
without great loss; on the other hand, that it would require eight or ten days of fire, which our artillery could not supply without exhausting its ammunition.
Before Careening Bay Redan the sap has arrived from 25 to 30 metres from the ditch, but it is there stopped by very rocky ground, over which it becomes almost impossible to advance.
The moment to give the assault is then arrived, and the following are the arrangements that appear necessary to adopt to ensure as much as possible the success of this decisive operation :—
The principal attack ought to be given to the Malakoff and the Careening Bay Redan. If we succeed in seizing and lodging ourselves securely in these works, the fall of the Karabelnaia suburb becomes inevitable.
The Russians are constructing a second enceinte between the Malakoff and Careening Bay Redan. This enceinte, partially armed, but still incomplete, can be easily crossed in many points.
We consider that that the attack of the Malakoff front should be made in three columns.
The first column, starting from the trenches the nearest to the Tower, should attack directly the Malakoff. The second column, leaving the trenches the nearest to the Redan (Careening Bay), should seize that 'work, and from thence should turn the second enceinte.
The third column, leaving the sixth parallel, and arriving necessarily shortly after the two other columns, should march directly on the curtain, and after having crossed it should turn to the left to attack the work of the Malakoff, or previously the second enceinte, if the right column has not already turned it.
The object of these three columns should be to seize the work of the Malakoff, the Careening Bay Redan, and the triangle formed by the two enceintes between these two works, and maintain themselves there against offensive returns.
The importance of this position is such that there can be no doubt that the enemy will make every effort to retake it. It is, therefore, necessary to maintain the separation in his forces which is entailed by the great extent of the enceinte of Sebastopol.
For this purpose, as soon as the success of the Malakoff front shall appear certain, the English, at a concerted signal, should give the assault to the Redan, and the French would at the same time advance on the enceinte of the town.
The assault should be given to the Redan by three columns: that of tlio right passing by the left side of the Karabelnaia Ravine; that of the centre advancing on the salient of the Redan; that of the left advancing by the right slope of the Woronzoff Ravine.
Nevertheless the attack of the flank columns will remain always subordinate to the effects produced by the English artillery on the Russian batteries which flank the slopes of the two ravines.
So as to avoid the obstacles which the enemy has accumulated at the salient of the Baston du Mat, this bastion should not be attacked directly. The principal attack should be given to the Central Bastion, between its salient and the left lunette.
The column of assault, arriving on the terrepleine of the bastion, should extend towards the left, to ward off the offensive attacks which will be made without doubt from the side of the Quarantine, and as soon as it shall be consolidated in its position it will extend to its right, and turn the Bastion du Mat by its gorge, by seizing the Garden batteries.
Such are the general arrangements which would appear to answer best, considering the state of advancement of the works, and the disposition of the localities in each attack.
But it is to be remarked, with regard to the attacks of the English on the Redan, and above all to the attacks of the French on the town, that the artillery, which has only maintained for some time but a very moderate fire, is far from having produced all its effects.
The undersigned consider that the fire of all the batteries ought to be resumed with energy during three days. After this delay, which will extend to the time when the ammunition of the batteries in front of the Malakoff shall be almost expended, we shall find ourselves in the most favourable circumstances to give the assault; it is necessary then that the day of attack should be fixed without delay.
Finally, the undersigned are unanimously of opinion that all delay in the attack of the place cannot but diminish the chances of success ; and they propose to the Generals-in-Chief to give orders so that the fire of all

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
533
the batteries may be resumed with great energy for three days, at the expiration of which, the place will be attacked on the three points already indicated, by day, hut at an hour which shall be fixed hereafter.
Before Sebastopol, 3d September 1855.
General of Division General of Division
Commanding Engineers of the French Army. Commanding the Artillery of the French Army.
(Signed) Niel.
(Signed) Tinny.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General Commanding Royal Engineers.
(Signed) R. J. Dacres,
Major-General Commanding Royal Artillery.
The following memorandum was approved, and circulated to the generals to be employed in the assault of the Redan, and every arrangement ordered to be made that was necessary to ensure success.
3Iemorandutn.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 6th September 1855.
In all probability the fire from the two flanks of the Redan may not be completely subdued at the period when the assault may be require to be made ; it therefore appears advisable that one attack only should be made, and this by a strong column moving direct on the line of capital to the salient of the Redan ; it is therefore proposed that this column should consist of 1,000 men, who should move from the trenches in one compact body.
The head of the column should have a covering party of 100 men ; these to be followed by 320 men carrying 40 ladders ; then the main body of the column, 1,000 men, followed by 200 men of the working party.
As soon as the column has got into the work, it will have to advance rapidly, and storm any intrenchment that may be found within the work, and should it appear well situated for a lodgment it should be immediately converted into one.
If there are any guns that can be turned upon the enemy the officer of the Artillery who accompanies the column will of course do so.
If there is no intrenchment, it would appear desirable not to advance beyond the flanks of the Redan, and from these two points to form the lodgment.
These details are proposed in ignorance of what may be the state of the interior of the work, therefore much must be left to the judgment of the officer in command of the column, who, assisted by the officer of Engineers attached to him, will be able readily to determine what is best to be done.
If the enemy is driven out of the Redan, the most likely direction in which he will move up his troops will be from our Left, coming in the direction of the Barrack Battery, and therefore a strong force should be posted on this flank, to repel any attempt to drive the assailants out of the work.
The column will be accompanied by an officer of Artillery and 20 gunners, for the purpose of spiking or turning any guns that may be found necessary.
A captain of Royal Engineers will be attached to the general officer commanding the column, and a subaltern officer in charge of the ladder party, with a Sapper for each ladder.
A captain and two subalterns will accompany the working party.
The subaltern and men who carry the ladders should immediately the troops have got into the Redan commence a communication by a ramp from the bottom of the ditch up to the glacis. It will be necessary for them to ascertain whether any parapet will be requisite across the ditch of the two faces, to guard against any attacks the enemy may be disposed to make by them.
If the scarp and parapet of the Redan do not form an easy ascent and descent, it must be made so.
A working party must be told off - to form a covered communication from the ditch to the sap.

534
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
An intelligent non-commissioned officer, immediately after getting into the work, will search for any hose of wires likely to communicate with mines. In case he finds any, he should destroy them, by cutting the hose or wires, and endeavour to trace where the powder may be lodged.
The fire of the artillery should be kept up as briskly as possible upon the works on the two flanks of the Redan, and as long as can be done without risk to the column of assault.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General Commanding Royal Engineers.
Approved.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
Memorandum.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 7th September 1855. The Redan will be assaulted to-morrow by troops composed of the Second and Light Divisions, under the command of Lieut.-General Sir William Codrington, K.C.B., and Lieut.-General F. Markham, C.B.
The column of attack will be formed as follows :—
1st. A covering party of 200 men, to keep down the fire from the enemy’s embrasures.
2d. An armed party of 320 men, to carry and place 40 ladders. These must be positive good men, and form part of the storming party.
3d. The main body of assault, consisting of 1,000 meu.
4th. An armed working party of 200 men, with intrenching tools, who will follow, when a lodgment has been effected, to be indicated by the hoisting of a flag (jack).
5tli. The supports amounting to 1,500 men. The remainder of the Second and Light Divisions, to the extent of about 3,000 men, will be formed as an additional support, to be drawn up in the third parallel in the communication from the French Right attack in the Middle Ravine.
Lieut.-General Sir 'William Codrington and Lieut.-General Markham will make all arrangements for posting the troops in the trenches previous to the assault.
The column will be accompanied in rear by an officer of the Royal Artillery and 20 gunners, with spikes, for the purpose of spiking or turning any guns that may be necessary.
A captain of Engineers will be attached to each of the general officers commanding the attacking columns.
A subaltern of Engineers will be in charge of the ladder party, with one Sapper attached to each ladder, as the commanding Royal Engineer may arrange.
These men will be available afterwards for the working party.
A captain and two subalterns of the Royal Engineers will accompany the working party of 200 men.
A column of the brigade clear of trench duty, Fourth Division, will be formed under cover as far advanced as possible, so as not to be exposed to the enemy’s fire, in the Caves of the first parallel on the right bank of the Woronzoff Ravine.
The Third Division, under Major-General Sir William Eyre, K.C.B., well in hand, to be used in support as may be determined, according to circumstances, will be formed as most expedient, to protect the left flank of the Left attack, or to move according to orders that may be sent to him.
The best marksmen must be selected, and posted in the advanced trenches of both attacks, to fire into the ■.embrasures of the Redan, and keep down the fire.
The Engineer officers will point out localities.
All these troops will carry with them one day’s provisions.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
535
Observations by Commanding Royal Engineer.
Between the 1st and 9th September.
5th.—The batteries bearing upon the Redan, and thence round to Malakoff, opened their fire this morning with good effect, but did not succeed in silencing the enemy’s artillery. The fire from our batteries was excellent, particularly the mortar practice against Malakoff. The fire of the garrison feeble.
Gth.—The fire from the garrison same as yesterday. The Little Redan is reported to be completely demolished ; the curtain between it and the Malakoff is much in the same state.
Endeavouring to push forward the sap on the capital of the Redan ; progress greatly intei’rupted by the enemy’s fire ; many casualties occurred while attempting to carry on the approach against it by flying sap ; 31 gabions were placed. Capt. Anderson, 31st Regiment, Assistant Engineer superintending, was killed by a cannon ball. He was a most promising officer. His loss is greatly regretted by the Royal Engineers, with whom he had been serving for a long period, always performing his work most gallantly and satisfactorily.
Malakoff itself very much disturbed by the shells from our batteries. A Russian frigate was burnt to the water’s edge during the past night.
7th.—The fire from the allied batteries has been very heavy all day ; the Russian works very much knocked about, and their artillery fire nearly silent. A corvette burning in the harbour. The steamers very active, constantly moving to and fro.
The French opened fire from their battery, 2 de Mai.
An attempt to establish a rifle-pit in front of the Russian white rifle-pit was made on the night of the 2d, but failed from the want of proper arrangements. Sergeant Newman of the G2d Regiment particularly distinguished himself by his gallant and spirited conduct.
8tli.—The troops were placed in the advanced trenches, and told off as laid down in the memorandum of the 7th, and every preparation made for the assault. The Generals-in-Chief of the two armies being of opinion that the moment for the troops to advance for the assault could be better regulated by a watch than by any description of signal, either by flags or otherwise, the watches of the Generals-in-Chief and Staff were accordingly set so as to agree with each other, and at 12 o’clock precisely, the hour agreed upon, the French advanced, and in a very short period the tricoloured flag was seen flying on several parts of the Malakoff works. As soon as this was perceived in the English trenches, the parties for the assault moved rapidly forward, and overcoming the slight obstacles between them and the enemy’s works, soon found themselves in the Redan, where, after remaining an hour, and losing a great number of men, and being without officers of rank to command or direct them, coupled with the advance of the Russians in great force, pouring a most destructive fire upon the assailants, the men retired to their trenches.
The failure of this attack may be considered to have arisen from various causes. From the men having jumped over the parapets of the advanced trench, and rushing forward in a very irregular manner to the assault, they soon found themselves a confused mass within the Redan. The great loss among the officers of all ranks shows the gallantry with which they conducted themselves, under the trying circumstances in which they were placed. To restore order, however, appeared impracticable. The Russians, to protect themselves from the heavy fire of our batteries, which had been directed upon the Redan and its interior, had erected a number of traverses and parados; these now afforded cover for our troops against the enemy’s fire, and from them it was impossible to induce the men to move. There was great difficulty in getting them into a formed body by regiments. When they did form, finding themselves headed by officers of different corps and unknown to them, they paid

536
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
but little attention to the orders that were given to advance. Numerous attempts were made by the officers to lead them forward, and after nearly all were killed or put hors de combat, and the men themselves falling fast, after having been an hour within the work, they retired in haste.
The enemy, having collected in great force, advanced upon the assailants, and jumping upon the parapets poured a murderous lire upon them as they retired across the glacis, as also from two field pieces which they brought to the salient angle of the Redan, and fired from them on barbette, until they were silenced by the fire from our batteries.
The troops, having without difficulty succeeded in getting into the Redan, ought to have been well supported, and as large a body of men sent on to join those within the work as could have been collected. It does not appear that the reserve was called upon to advance, or any great and decided effort made by those in the trenches to reinforce the troops within the Redan, to maintain the ground they had gained.
The loss in this attack was—
29 officers, 36 sergeants, 6 drummers, 314 rank and file, killed.
124 officers, 1,762 non-commissioned officers and rank and file, wounded.
1 officer, 175 rank and file, missing.
It was arranged that the fleet should engage the enemy’s attention by cannonading the forts at tbe entrance to the harbour during the assault, but unfortunately a strong north-west gale with a heavy sea rendered it impossible for the ships to act against them.
Tbe mortar boats, however, in the bay of Strelitzka kept up a very effective fire.
From the great labour undergone by the French in working up to the Malakoff, it was regarded as the point where the greatest efforts woidd be made, and where the greatest resistance was to be expected.
The Redan was the nearest collateral work on the right of the Malakoff, and its position, as well as the fall of the ground between it and the Malakoff, rendered it a very important point for the enemy to hold as long as possible; at the same time, it was absolutely necessary that an attack should be made against it, in order, if successful, to draw away any troops who might attempt to regain the Malakoff; and there cannot be any doubt that this object was attained, as otherwise the great body of troops who showed themselves in the Redan would have been available against the French. The attack upon the Redan, combined with the excellent practice of the Royal Artillery under Captain C. J. Strange from battery No. 17 against the enemy’s troops moving towards the Malakoff, kept clear the line of communication between it and the White Barrack, so that no effort with a large body of men could be made on that side to reach the Malakoff.
There cannot be any doubt that the attack upon the Redan must have had (although unsuccessful) a very beneficial influence in favour of the French retaining possession of the Malakoff. Had the French attack failed, and the English succeeded, they would undoubtedly have been driven out of the Redan by the fire of artillery from Malakoff and adjacent batteries, which commanded the whole interior of the Redan, as well as part of the ground between the head of the sap and the ditch of the Redan.
Under the circumstances of the moment, the English General very properly deferred making a second attack upon the Redan until the next morning. It would have been highly injudicious, as well as attended with very great loss of life, and with every chance of failure, if he had done so immediately after so severe and serious a failure, and at a moment when it was filled with troops ready to receive any renewed attacks.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
537
The French attack upon the Bastion Centrale and other points having been unsuccessful, the governor was therefore enabled to devote bis sole attention and to employ tbe whole strength of his garrison in maintaining possession of the Redan, and in endeavouring to regain the Malakoff. Had he driven the French out of the Malakoff, the English, had they been successful in their attack upon the Redan, could not have maintained themselves in it, as the interior was completely commanded by the Malakoff. Consequently it was the most prudent step not to sacrifice any more lives in what must have been considered hopeless ; and, acting as he did, the English general was ready to have afforded support to the French had they been hard pressed to maintain themselves in the Malakoff throughout the night, or to have executed any operation at daybreak that should be considered advisable.
It is only justice to the Russian engineers to acknowledge, that they nobly performed their part in the defence of Sebastopol. Their works were thrown up with great skill and labour, they were planned with great judgment, and the sites for them were admirably chosen. The great resources at their command were skilfully employed in strengthening the works, and countermining to the great extent they did during the siege, making the magazines bombproof, also in procuring secure cover for the garrisons of the different works. The guns in the numerous batteries were admirably served, and the practice from them was particularly good.
After the French had taken possession of the Malakoff works, on the 8th September, and thence round to Careening Bay, they were repeatedly attacked in great force by the Russians in attempts to recover the Little Redan. The Maison-la-Croix batteries, the guns of the men-of-war and steam ships, and the batteries on the north side of the harbour, poured a most destructive fire upon the French columns. Several unsuccessful attempts by the Russians to recapture their works continued to be made until the close of day, after which their attacks ceased.
The Russians had to a certain extent been successful. They had regained possession of the inner line, and were making great progress in their attacks upon.the Little Redan.
In the course of the evening of the 8th of September large fires broke out in the town; at the same time numerous explosions took place, indicating that something unusual was going on.
About 3 A.M. on the 9tli, Corporal Ross of the Royal Sappers and Miners, who was employed in the sap, being impressed, from the unusual silence within the Redan, that something was going on or about to take place, moved cautiously forward from the sap, creeping across the ditch and up the ruined face of the escarp and parapet, and discovered that the enemy had evacuated the work. He came back, and communicated the circumstances to his officer, who immediately forwarded a report to Head Quarters. The correctness of Corporal Ross’s report was confirmed by one of a similar nature by an officer of the Highland Brigade, who also before daylight had gone into the Redan, and ascertained that the enemy had retired from the work.
At daylight it was observed that the garrison had evacuated the town, and retired across the floating bridge to the north side. Two or three hundred men only remained behind, who probably had been straggling among the ruins and setting fire to the houses, and lost the opportunity of escaping, as the bridge was detached from the town side soon after daybreak.
The steamers in the harbour were busily employed in the conveyance of the garrison to the north side, until they were compelled to cease, and place themselves in a sheltered position.
9th.—The several large fires in the town and explosions constantly taking place made it a service of danger to enter it.
As expected, there was no obstacle of a serious nature between the head of the sap t and interior of the Redan (PI. xv.) The ditch was only that of an ordinary field work, unrevetted, and without
3 Y

538
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
palisades. The assaulting party was not once brought to a halt on the glacis, as is generally the case, while obstacles have to be removed, and during which time the greatest loss is sustained. The fire of grape from the flanks was very heavy and continuous, and all individuals and bodies of men advancing to or retiring from the Redan, who deviated from the narrow space in front of the salient, became exposed to this fire. Great loss was the consequence. All who crossed the parapet of the Sap were instantly knocked down by grape fired from the left flank of the Redan and batteries at the foot of Malakoff.
It must be borne in mind that the glacis of the Redan was the natural surface of the ground, not formed into regular planes, as is usual in fortified places, but meeting in a ridge upon the line of the capital, so that every part is seen from the collateral flanks. In the present case, the flanks were on a much lower level than the salient, and the salient itself did not form an angle, but was rounded off to afford space for one or two guns, so a3 to obtain a fire of artillery upon the line of the capital. The guns in the flanks firing at a short range, and at an elevation, necessarily left a portion of the glacis free from the effects of their fire. The advanced trenches and approaches against the Redan were very much exposed to the fire from its flanks from the Garden batteries, and from every battery which could bring a gun to bear upon them, in fact the part least exposed to fire was on the glacis close up to the ditch.
The attack upon the Redan is not to be regarded as a simple and isolated operation, but part of the great combinations for the day, made with a view to insure an entrance into the town on any point attacked in the then state of the defences. No attack on the Redan by assault was contemplated by the English general, nor would it have been undertaken, except from the circumstances of the French army having but a small quantity of ammunition remaining, and having advanced their trenches and batteries very close to the enemy’s works, it was absolutely necessary for an advance to be made, or to abandon the siege altogether. It was therefore determined, with a view to distract the attention of the enemy as much as possible, that one column only, instead of three, according to the original plan of operations, should be allowed to attack the Redan. Great as the sacrifice might be, it was necessary to give a helping hand, and to assist as far as possible in the great and momeutous struggle about to take place, and upon which so much depended.
Any person who inspects the plan of the attack will perceive that the part assigned to the English was not the point on which a decisive impression could be made upon the garrison. No doubt it was necessary to distract the enemy’s attention as much as possible on every point of his extensive lines, and by making approaches against the Redan the enemy was obliged to keep it well manned. So long as he could retain possession of the Malakoff and the Bastion du Mat, it would not have been possible for the English, with the few and inadequate means at their command, to have established themselves within it, under the heavy concentrated fire which would be poured into it from the above-named works and town batteries. That the attack failed is no doubt a subject for regret.
It is very much to be regretted that the troops, who with so little difficulty had forced their way into the Redan, had not been strongly reinforced. There cannot be a doubt, if a large body had been sent in support, the assailants could have maintained and entrenched themselves within the works. That they did not do so must not be attributed to any want of bravery on the part of the troops who so gallantly held their ground for one hour, exposed to such a destructive fire as was poured upon them. They retired when they found themselves without any officer of rank to command them.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
539
It may be further remarked—
1st. The troops did not advance from the trenches in regular order.
2d. No body of men in regular formation was sent in support. The senior officer inside the work, finding that unless strong reinforcements were poured in it would not be practicable to hold his position, most injudiciously determined to go back to the trenches, and report in person the state of affairs to the general officer in command of the attack. The men left behindfin the Redan, not knowing the object of their senior officer leaving them, and seeing him going back to the trenches, very naturally followed, and thereby the fruits of victory were lost, as no attempt was made to form a lodgment, or to take advantage of the traverses and parados at the rear of the terrepleine or at the salient'angle to convert them into a retrenchment.
5th. The troops selected for the assault were chiefly recruits who had joined the army during the siege, and consequently were most unfitted for the duty they were called upon to perform.
6th. The guns in the Malakoff, having been spiked by the French on entering the work, were not, as they ought to have been, turned upon the interior of the Redan. The enemy, therefore, were able to form in great force, and to advance against the assailants in a compact body, unmolested.
The fire of artillery from the two flanks of the Redan not having been silenced, there remained but one point of attack which offered any chance of success, and that was by advancing from the head of the sap direct upon the line of the capital, which was not exposed to the fire from the flanks. This space, although very narrow, was sufficiently large to admit a column to enter the work, and hold its ground for a considerable period of time, which was proved by the result.
Report from Lieutenant Ranken, R.E.
Sir, 8th September 1855.
L\ obedience to your instructions, I have the honour to report, for your information, the proceedings of the Sappers and ladder party to which I was attached at the assault of the Redan this morning. I was ordered to advance with the ladder party immediately after the skirmishers had been thrown out. The excitement among the troops in the trenches, however, was so great, when they perceived that the French were masters of the Malakoff, that they rushed unexpectedly over the parapet, before the ladder party had time to get clear of the advanced trench.
I got my Sappers to the front as soon as possible, with their crowbars and axes, and ran on with the advanced ladders.
The enemy opened a heavy musketry fire upon us, and occasioned many casualties among the ladder party; however, the men pressed rapidly forward. The abattis did not prove a serious obstacle, and the ladders were soon lowered into the ditch, and reversed from the counterscarp to escarp.
They were placed on the salient in such a position that the men descending or ascending them were scarcely, if at all, exposed to the flanking fire of the Russians up the ditch of each face.
The ditch of the Redan itself is not more than 15 or 16 feet deep, if so much, and only eight feet broad, and there was no difficulty experienced in forming a ramp for the men to ascend.
The working party told off for me, consisting of 100 men of the 77tli Regiment, were not to arrive till the whole of the assaulting column had come up. I, however, employed the small party of Sappers under my charge till their arrival, with a few men of the assaulting party, in forming a small parapet across the ditch of the proper left face, up which the enemy was pouring volumes of musketry. Gabions were torn down from the counterscarp, and filled as well as possible with loose stones, and a partial cover was soon obtained. The fire of the enemy, however, was so hot, that after more than half an hour the work h ad to be suspended temporarily. A small caponniere was also in course of construction across the ditch of the proper right face near the salient, and a fair cover had been obtained there, when the assaulting column retreated. A portion of my working party had arrived just before the troops withdrew, and they were engaged on these caponnieres, and in forming an easy ramp into the ditch from the glacis, when the repulse took place.
3 t 2

540
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The Sappers who accompanied the assaulting column, and whose names are appended, all behaved well, and exerted themselves in carrying out my orders to the best of their power.
I beg especially to call your attention to the conduct of Sergeant Leitch, 2d Company, who was wounded, Corporal Curgenven, who, with Privates Harris and_Weatherspoon, were up with the leading ladders, and who worked hard in pulling down gabions, and placing and filling them, according to my instruction, and of Lance- Corporal Baker, who came up subsequently with the working party of the 77tli, and who showed coolness, zeal, and activity in executing my orders.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Geo. Ranken,
Lieut. Royal Engineers.
Brigadier-Major S. R. Chapman, 20th Regiment, Assistant Engineer, wounded dangerously ; died on the 20th September 1855.
Captain C. H. Sedley, R.E., wounded severely.
Lieut. II. C. Elphinstone, R.E., wounded severely.
Lance-Corporal J. Fulton, 1st Company, wounded severely.
Private J. Head, 2d Company, wounded severely.
Private W. Brine, 9th Company, died of wounds received same day.
Private E. Lewis, 9th Company, dangerously wounded, arm amputated; died on 18th September 1855.
Private J. Gregory, 2d Company, wounded dangerously ; died on the 17th September 1855.
Report from Captain Montagu, R.E.
Sm, Camp before Sebastopol, 9th September 1855.
I have the honour to inform you, with reference to the operations of yesterday, that having been placed in command of the Royal Engineer department for the attack on the Redan, I applied in the morning for a working party of men, 100, to assist Lieut. Rnnken, R.E., in the work he was desired to effect; viz., making an easy descent into the ditch, and an easy ascent into the Redan ; and also to make a covered communication across the ditch, for which originally he had only the twenty Sappers who accompanied that portion of the assaulting column which carried the ladders. At the same time I applied for a reserve party of 200 men as workmen in case our attack had been so far successful that the first lodgment which we had hoped to make could be followed up by a new one more in the heart of the town. These parties the General very kindly granted. Upon the signal being shown that the French were in possession of the Malakoff Tower, the order was given to the troops to get ready. Such, however, was the excitement of the moment, that 100 men or more mistook the order, and were over the parapet before it was possible to stop them, and it was found necessary to let them all go, although by doing so the ladder party under Lieut. Rankcn had not sufficient time to get all his ladders on the move, and placed, before the assaulting party arrived, they having less difficulty in passing the abattis, the passing of which, however, did not prove any serious obstacle. The first parties formed, and moved off very well ; but after that the showers of grape and rifle balls, &c. upon the succeeding parties, sent from the flanks of the Redan and Garden batteries, caused the men to run to the head of the single sap, from whence, after a short halt to take breath, they made another rush towards the salient angle, but by this means they were no longer in regular formation. All the men crowded on the salient angle so as to be out of the way of the flanking fire. To prevent this first check, I obtained permission at one time from the general to allow the men passing up from the left of the fifth parallel to go up the single sap, and start from the head of it. After about two hours heavy firing, the men all returned to the fifth parallel, and no further attempt was made during the afternoon. General Wyndham, who was in charge of the assaulting column, informed me that he had been inside the Redan with some 60 or 80 men, who got behind a traverse, and who could not be induced to go further. It would appear that a good deal of this flanking fire from the flanks of the Redan might have been prevented had the two guns in No. 14 and the two in No. 22 been mounted during the night previous. No good reason was given me for the nonperformance of this very essential work. I also beg to observe, that great confusion arose in the trenches from the necessity of the wounded men returning by the same route by which the fresh regiments were being brought up.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
541
Finding in tlie afternoon that any working party for forming lodgments in the Redan would not be required, I employed them in continuing the sap i on the extreme right which leads to a rifle-pit x in front, which we had taken possession of. The men were able to work at flying sap without any annoyance from the enemy.
I have great pleasure in informing you that Lieut. Rauken performed his very dangerous service to my great satisfaction, placing the ladders very judiciously, and he afterwards succeeded in making the descent and ascent such that the troops experienced no difficulty in getting up without ladders, and he has expressed himself perfectly satisfied with the conduct of the Sappers under his charge.
I regret to say that Capt. Sedley, R.E., who was in charge of the working party to form the lodgments, was wounded, and also Lieut. Elpliinstone, R.E., who was on duty in the trenches, and of the Sappers two were killed and eleven wounded.
I have, &c.
(Signed) II. Montagu,
Capt. R.E.
Fort Paul was completely destroyed by the Russians during the night. The men-of-war in the harbour were sunk, and the next morning their topmasts alone remained visible, indicating where they had so proudly been anchored the preceding evening.
This was the finishing blow given to the Black Sea fleet.
After the Russians had evacuated the town, strict orders were given that the British soldiers were not to enter the place. After two days, when it was found that the French troops had free ingress, and were carrying off anything they took a fancy to possess, a strong feeling manifested itself against the injustice of prohibiting the English troops from entering the place, and the restriction was taken off. It was divided into two parts, with a commandant to each. Tire Karabelnaia was allotted to the English ; the town to the French. Sentries from both armies were posted at the several entrances. All soldiers carrying away plunder were deprived of their spoils, and every attempt was made to restore order.
After the place had fallen, a working party, under Lieut. Jones, 46th Regiment, Assistant Engineer, was employed in making a road in front of and to pass through the Creek Battery. Whilst so employed they came upon a number of boxes filled with powder.* One exploded, from which Lieut. Jones and his horse had a narrow escape. Subsequently a great number of boxes of a similar description were discovered under the glacis of the Redan. Notwithstanding all these defensive arrangements, only one or two casualties occurred from them. A great number of similar boxes were discovered by General Niel of the French Engineers in the Middle Ravine, buried a few inches below the surface of the ground.
A Mixed Commission was appointed, composed of English and French officers, to take an inventory of all guns and military stores of every description, in order that a division should be made between the two armies, in conformity with the treaty between the French and English Governments made at the commencement of the war.
Balaclava was the great depot for the army, from whence stores of every description were sent up to the engineer parks of the two attacks. The engineer depot was under the superintendence of Captain the Honourable H. F. Keane, Royal Engineers, Lieut. Leahy, Royal Engineers, AQ.M.G., and Captain Raines, 95th Regiment, Assistant Engineer (now Colonel commanding 95th Regiment). Great credit is due to those officers for the admirable manner in which they performed the duties required of them, -which were extremely harassing, from the numerous demands made upon them,
* See Plan XI.

542
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
not so much by the supplies for the siege, but for stores required by the army in general. The huts from England were consigned to the engineer department; the issue of them was a very troublesome duty, inasmuch as the shipment of them in England, by putting the several parts of one hut in different vessels, caused great confusion, annoyance, and dissatisfaction to all interested.
It is due to the officers in charge of the depot to state that their exertions were fully appreciated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, and it was from the very satisfactory manner that the duties were performed at Balaclava that the officers above named were retained there, notwithstanding their earnest application to be allowed to join their comrades in the trenches.
The army in the Crimea was composed of English, French, Sardinians, and Turks. The siege operations were carried on entirely by the armies of the two first; the Sardinians took no part in the labours of the siege, neither did the Turks.
On the 8th September the Sardinians were formed in the French advanced trenches in front of the Bastion du Mat, where they awaited, under a most galling fire, the moment of attack; they lost 50 men killed and wounded.
It is not to be overlooked that General de la Marmora and his gallant soldiers were most anxious to have taken their share in the labours of the trenches. It was understood that by treaty they were not to be employed in siege operations.
The attack on the Bastion du M&t was not made, in consequence of the failure of that on the Bastion Centrale.
The army under Omar Pacha was not engaged in any of the operations of the siege. A detachment of Turkish troops was attached to the English engineers, and employed by them to assist in the conveyance of stores from the parks to the trenches, for which duty they received working pay. Omar Pacha's corps was employed with the Sardinians and other troops in position on the right of the French along the Tcliernaia.
Tentes d'Abri.
When the summer set in, the trenches became oppressively hot; there was not the least shelter to be found in any part of the parallels or approaches, which going north caused the rear or interior of them to be open to the direct rays of the sun throughout the entire day. This, and the reflected heat from the rock, made the duty in them extremely trying to the men. It was wonderful that there was not more fever prevailing in the army. In order to provide sun shades, an application was made, and most readily complied with by the General Commander-in-Chief of the French army, to lend a number of tentes d’abri for the use of the men on duty in the trenches, until the awnings ordered at Constantinople should be received. The awnings were] nothing more than large pieces of cotton cloth about 40 yards long and three or four yards wide, according to the width of the trench, extending from the interior crest of the parapet to the reverse of the trench or parallel, fastened by cords to pickets driven into the parapet in front and ground in the rear of the trench, and stretched as tight as could be done by hand. The number of them was trifling, in regard to the length of the trenches, but still they afforded excellent cover for the fortunate men who procured them for the day. In the morning a responsible person made an application for the number required, at the engineers’ trench depot. There they received as many as were available, with the clear

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
543
understanding that they were to he returned to the depot in the evening. It is scarcely necessary to observe that many of them disappeared long before the termination of the siege.
Expenditure of Ammunition.
The expenditure of small-arm ammunition was enormous ; not less than 20,000 rounds in the 24 hours. It appeared as if every man who went into the trenches endeavoured to fire away all the ammunition he took with him, then to clean his firelock with the water he found there, and afterwards to repose until relieved. It was distressing to see the reckless manner in which the firing was carried on. Recruits used to form into knots, and blaze away at any object within the works which appeared to them a living being. The sight on the musket was raised to its full height, without any regard being paid to the distance from the object. Ignorant as they were, no person explained to them the great importance of judging the distance of the object they were firing at, and what was the proper elevation. Although they did little mischief to the troops inside of the works, no doubt the inhabitants suffered greatly from the musket shots which, passing over the parapet, dropped into the town. This desultory firing at times was so heavy as to lead to the supposition at the distant part of the trenches, that an attack was being made by the enemy, thereby creating an alarm, and disturbing the guards and working parties. Nothing can be more objectionable than this description of fire and wasteful expenditure of ammunition. There is no more reason why a soldier in the trenches should be constantly firing than if he was on outpost duty with an enemy in his front.
The Railway.
It may be proper to notice briefly the railway, by the use of which it was considered that very material benefit and assistance would be afforded to the army. The first was the line of railway from Balaklava to the camp. No doubt it proved very useful; but the length of time required for establishing workshops, with necessary machinery, forming the roadway, laying down the rails, and fixing the stationary engines, &c., would render it unavailing for the transport of stores and provisions for an army in the field.
The circumstances under which a railway can be laid down, and used with advantage, by an army in the field, must be very peculiar indeed to justify the outlay for the large amount of “ plant ” that would be required, even for a moderate length of railway; to which must be added the engines and engineers, with properly trained attendants for working the line. The war in the East must be considered as an exceptional case, and one not likely to occur again.
Seven or eight months had elapsed before the line of eight and three quarter miles, including the two branches, to Diamond Wharf half a mile, and to the left siege train park one mile, was sufficiently advanced for traffic throughout. When the railway was turned over to Government there were belonging to it 89 horses, 57 mules, 96 waggons, 24 tracks, and two miles of rails in store.
The above few items are noticed merely to give an idea of the magnitude of such an undertaking for field service. In addition, the stationary and locomotive engines, and^ the machinery for the workshops, as well as the plant required for a railway, should be borne in mind, as they would add considerably to the expense and transport required before the railway could be brought into use.

544
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
ARMY WORKS CORPS.
Another novelty was sending out that most expensive body of men called the “Army Works Corps,” composed of navvies; men probably well skilled and trained to excavations and moving earth, but not under any sort of military discipline, many being factious, troublesome, and drunken.
The reasons for forming and sending out to the army, and the duties on which it was proposed to employ the men of the Army Works Corps, will be best gathered from the following memorandum. As it was prepared by a non-combatant, it is not necessary to make any remarks upon it, beyond expressing a hope that similar ideas will not be broached when England undertakes another war.
Memorandum.
1st June 1855.
As to the reasons for forming a corps of navvies and artificers to execute works in connexion with the army, and as to the advantages to be derived from the employment of the corps.
The formation of the corps was projected—
1st. To execute field works of any kind, the training and habits of the men qualifying them to do so with a rapidity and efficiency which cannot be obtained by the soldier.
2d. To perform all other work connected with the camp not included in the strict routine of military duties ; as, for instance, the construction or repair of roads, the formation of reservoirs, the sinking of wells, the construction and repair of huts, kitchens, hospitals, latrines, &c., and digging pits for the burial of the dead, &c.
It was considered, under the first of these heads, that the soldier should be, according to the true principles of the subdivision of labour, reserved and husbanded as much as possible for fighting alone, his patience, courage, and endurance being sufficiently taxed without his being required to take instruments into his hands to the use of which he is quite unaccustomed, and to perform works to which he has not been inured.
It is his business to understand and handle his arms well, leaving to others the expert use of the spade and pickaxe.
Had there been in the Crimea last winter a body of men like that now proposed, to relieve the soldier from the unaccustomed and wasting labour to which he was subjected, how many thousands of lives might not have been saved.
Not only, however, is there the saving of the soldiers’ strength, and the subdivision of labour, but there can be no doubt that the work would be much more efficiently performed.
The practice of civil life in such matters in England has during the last 20 or 30 years far outrun military experience, and this would be found the case, whether in mining operations, in the moving of heavy weights, or in the rapid execution of works in the trenches, or in the field.
It is a very low estimate that one of these picked navvies would do the work of three soldiers indiscriminately taken from the ranks.
Again, on the second head, not only does the soldier when worked in the old-fashioned way exhaust his strength and lose his health, but he cannot attend to works connected with his own camp which are absolutely essential to his sanitary welfare and his comfort.
What is an army without roads, for example, and how much can be done in this respect by plank roads or portable tramways (such as crosskills) ? So with the construction of huts, hospitals, latrines, &c., the sinking of wells, the formation of reservoirs, and other works of the kind. By the last accounts from the Crimea, no effectual arrangements appear to have been carried out for providing adequate supplies of water during the dry season.* W r hen the necessary steps for that purpose are taken, the labour of so many men will be required who might be much more usefully employed in carrying on the works of the siege ; but with a navvy corps, such work, with all the cares and responsibilities attached to it, would be taken off the hands of the fighting men, and would not only be done, but done effectually, which cannot be hoped for under the present system.
* Arrangements were commenced in the month of March 1855 to maintain a supply of water, and which proved fullv adequate for the wants of the troops.—H.D.-J.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
545
As to the formation of the corps up to the present time.
The engineers and superintendents have been chosen for their fitness for the duties to he performed ; men who have been actively employed iu similar avocations, many of them trained up on the great works which have been executed in this country, and of experience in the management of the class of men forming the corps.
The men, both navvies and artificers, are picked men, the former as well as the latter skilled in the use of their tools, able-bodied men in the prime of life, accustomed to hard and continuous labour.
The corps have been supplied with tools, implements, and all the requisites to make it efficient for any services it may be required to perform ; and provision has also been made for the wants of the corps itself, as far as possible, independently of the army.
In reply to the objections, that the high rate of pay will cause dissatisfaction in the army, it must be considered that neither officers or men would consent to be temporarily employed in an occupation requiring much experience and involving considerable risk, except at a high rate of pay. It is altogether a mistake to supposo that the labour of a navvy is unskilled labour.
They command in this country a much higher rate of wages than common labourers, possessing, as they do, not only skill in the execution of the work which they undertake, but physical powers of endurance far above those of labourers generally.
They are in fact the men who by the possesssion of these powers have risen above the class of ordinary labourers, and their superior advantages of course entitle them to a higher rate of remuneration.
There is no intention to make the navvy a soldier, to put him in uniform, or to retain the organization of the corps one hour after the period of active service in the field has terminated.
The corps, therefore, stands in a position with reference to the army which the Commander-in-Chief and General Jones probably do not understand.
It is not part and parcel of the army, more than are the navvies under Mr. Beatty, but would do general work for it, as they have done special work.
Therefore, as no discontent has arisen as to the pay in the one case, it is difficult to understand why it should in the other.
The corps will be invaluable to the army upon active service, and when that terminates, although it may then be disbanded, the materials for it will not cease to exist, but could be re-organized at any time, on the same system, should the necessity for it again arise.
With respect to the discipline and control of the corps, as all the officers and men will sign an agreement, subjecting themselves whilst serving with it to the provisions of the Mutiny Act and to the Articles of War, the authorities will have the power of dealing summarily with any offender in this respect.*
A number of projectors and “ soi disant ” clever men made tlieir appearance during the siege. Some requiring workshops, laboratories, &c. to be prepared, and materials provided for them, to enable them to make their experiments, all at the expense of the Government. They appeared to be extremely indignant when informed that nothing of the kind could be done for them in that way, but if they would come prepared every facility should be afforded them to make a trial.
One individual proposed to form embrasures so that the artillery might be worked in perfect safety. He declined, when offered, to have a trial made of it, if erected by himself and under his own directions, in one of the most advanced batteries. After this no more was heard of him, or of his embrasure.
* It Las recently been decided that the navvies -were not subjected to the provisions of the Mutiny Act.
3 z

546
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
A gentleman of property in England, who came out as an amateur, proposed to stretch wires, with alarms, in advance of the trenches, under the impression that he would catch Russians as easy as he could poachers in his own grounds *!!!
Reflecting telescopes in great numbers were sent out, which were intended for the purpose of seeing without being seen. Looking glasses for the same purpose were proposed and tried. A telescopic walking stick, to be pushed through a parapet, was also furnished.
An officer of rank came from England, persuaded in his own mind that the only vulnerable point had been overlooked, and that he would take Sebastopol in a few days, and with scarcely any loss of life. Every facility was afforded him, and after having closely examined his point of attack, he freely acknowledged that his plan was not practicable.
All these projectors gave a great deal of trouble, and they went away very much dissatisfied that their proposals had not been adopted and carried out.
GENERAL AFTER ORDER.
Head-Quarters, Sebastopol, 9th Sept. 1855.
The Commander of the Forces congratulates the army on the result of the attack of yesterday.
The brilliant assault and occupation of the Malakoff by our gallant allies obliged the enemy to abandon the works they have so long held with such bravery and determination.
The Commander of the Forces returns his thanks to the general officers and officers and men of the Second and Light Divisions, who advanced and attacked with such gallantry the works of the Redan. He regrets, from the formidable nature of the flanking defences, that their devotion did not meet with that immediate success which it so well merited.
He condoles and deeply sympathizes with the many brave officers-, non-commissioned officers, and men who are now suffering from the wounds they received in the course of their noble exertions of yesterday.
TIo deeply deplores the death of the many gallant officers and men who have fallen in the final strugglo of this long and memorable siege.
Their loss will be severely felt, and their names long remembered in this army and by the British nation.
General Simpson avails himself of this opportunity to congratulate and convey his warmest thanks to the general officers, officers, and soldiers of the several divisions, to the Royal Engineers and Artillery, for their cheerful endurance of almost unparalleled hardships and sufferings, and for the unflinching courage and determination which on so many trying occasions they have evinced.
It is with equal satisfaction that the Commander of the Forces thanks the officers and men of the Naval Brigade for the long and uniform course of valuable service rendered by them from the commencement of the siege.
By Order,
(Signed) II. W. Barnard,
Chief of the Staff.
GENERAL ORDER.
No. 1.
Head Quarters, Sebastopol, 10th September 1855.
The police of the interior of the town of Sebastopol has been undertaken by the French authorities for the present.
All persons whatever, except bodies of troops on duty, and officers on duty provided with passes from English or French head quarters, are positively forbidden to enter the town. Regimental picquets are not to be sent to tlie town without authority from head quarters.
* The French in some parts of their trenches ran a -wire along the parapet a few inches above the crest.

.JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
547
Military posts are established near the town, with orders to apprehend all stragglers, and send them to the Provost Marshal’s guard, which is posted in front of the Fourth Division.
No persons, military or civil, except those on duty, are to be permitted to enter the trenches without passes from head quarters.
By order,
(Signed) II. W. Barnard,
Chief of Staff.
(True copy.)
(Signed) W. L. Pakenham, A.G.
ORDRE GENERAL.
SOLDATS!
Sebastopol est tombe. La prise de Malakoff en a determine la chute. De sa propre main, l’ennemi a fait sauter ses formidables defenses, a incendie sa ville, ses magasins, ses etablissements militaires, et coule le reste de ses vaisseaux dans le port. Le boulevard de la puissance Russe dans la Mer Noire n’existe plus.
Ces resultats, vous les devez, non-seulement a votre bouillant courage, mais encore a votre iudomptable energie et a votre perseverance pendant un long siege de onze mois. Jamais l’artillerie de terre et de mer, jamais le genie, jamais l’infanterie n’avaient eu a triompher de pareils obstacles ; jamais aussi ces trois armes n’ont deploye plus de valeur, plus de science, plus de resolution. La prise de Sebastopol sera votre eternel honneur.
Ce succes immense grandit et degage notre position en Crimee. II va permettre de rendre a leurs foyers, a leurs families, les liberables qui sont restes dans nos rangs. Je les remercie, au nom de l’Empereur, du devouement dont ils n’ont cesse de donner des preuves, et je ferai en sorte quo leur retour dans la patrie puisse bientot s’effectuer.
Soldats ! la journec du 8 Septembre, dans lnquelle out flotte ensemble les drapeaux des armees Anglaise, Piemontaise, et FranQaise, restera une journec ii jamais memorable. Yous y avez illustre vos aigles d’uno gloire nouvelle et imperissable. Soldats! vous avez bien merite de la France et de l’Empereur!
Au Grand Quartier General, a la Redoubte Malakoff, le 9 Septembre 1855.
Le General en Chef,
(Signe) A. Pelissier.
Pour ampliation
Le General de Division, Chef d’Etat-Major, General, E. de Martisiprey.
MORNING GENERAL ORDERS.
1855 . The Commander of the Forces has great pleasure in publishing to the troops the following
September 14 . telegraphic message received from the Minister-at-War.
“ London, Wednesday.
“ The Queen has received with deep emotion the welcome intelligence of the fall of Sebastopol, penetrated with profound gratitude to the Almighty, who has vouchsafed this triumph to the allied army.
“ Her Majesty has commanded me to express to yourself, and through you to Her army, the pride with which She regards this fresh instance of heroism.
“ The Queen congratulates Her troops on the triumphant issue of their protracted siege, and thanks them for the cheerfulness and fortitude with which they have encountered its toils, and the valour which has led to its termination.
3 z 2

548
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
“ The Queen deeply Laments that this success is not without its alloy, in the heavy losses which have been sustained ; and while She rejoices in the victory, Iler Majesty deeply sympathizes with the noble sufferers in their country’s cause.
“ You will be pleased to congratulate General Pelissier, in Her Majesty’s name, upon the brilliant success of the assault on the Mnlakoff, which proves the irresistible force as well as the indomitable courage of our brave allies.
(Signed) “ Panmurf..”
NAVAL BRIGADE.
The French and English armies received very great assistance from their respective fleets, both in men and materials. The English had the valuable services of the present Admiral Sir S. Lusliington, K.C.B., who, as Captain R.N., with the temporary rank of Brigadier-General, commanded the Naval Brigade. He was succeeded, on his promotion to Admiral, by Captain the Honourable H. Keppel, who carried on the duties with the same spirit and energy as his gallant predecessor.
The Naval Brigade at the commencement of the siege consisted of 35 officers and 1,020 men, with a staff of—
1 captain in command.
„ , • f Peel.
2 captains ^ -i* •
1 (. Morrison.
3 commanders.
1 surgeon.
2 assistant surgeons.
The following guns, &c. were landed with them from the fleet:—
Fifty 25 cwt. 32-pounders with 200 rounds of ammunition per gun.
The numbers above were subsequently increased by reinforcements from the fleet. The Naval Brigade acted more in conjunction with the artillery service than the engineers. It is, however, due to them to say, that the engineers always derived every assistance from them in the repairs to their batteries, or by strengthening the weak parts in the adjoining trenches, whenever their services could be spared from their batteries. One very important communication between the first and second parallels of the Left attack was made by them, and in compliment to them was called the “Sailors’ communication.”
On the 17th the Naval Brigade was broken up, the officers and men returning to their respective ships, on which occasion the following General Order was issued :
GENERAL ORDER.
No. 1.
1855 . The service for which the Naval Brigade was attached to this army having been completed by September 17 . the fall of Sebastopol, the force has been ordered to rejoin the fleet.
The Commander of the Forces heartily thanks the officers, petty officers, and seamen for the very efficient services they have rendered in the batteries, and on all occasions when their aid against the enemy was required ; and he has to notice the patience and courage with which, side by side with the soldiers of this army, they have endured the dangers and hardships of nearly a year’s duty in the trenches.
General Simpson cordially acknowledges the obligations he is under to Rear-Admiral Sir Stephen Lushington, K.C.B., who so so ably commanded the brigade from its formation until his removal by pronntion to a higher rank, and to Captain Honourable II. Keppel, R.N., who succeeded him, and retained the command until the conclusion of this ever memorable siege.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
549
It is only justice to the officers and men comprising the Naval Brigade, to state that throughout the entire period of their being employed with the army the greatest good feeling and cordiality existed between the two services. They were always most active and zealous; idleness never appeared to form a part of their character ; and when their batteries were not engaged they freely and voluntarily gave a helping hand with the pickaxe and shovel, and always appeared anxious to make themselves useful.
In addition to the Naval Brigade, there was a battalion of the Royal Marines employed with the army. It was landed at Eupatoria at the commencement of the operations in the Crimea, under the command of Captain Elliott, subsequently joined the army before Sebastopol under the command of Captain W. H. March, and was attached to the Light Division. Part of it was engaged at Inkerman, with the loss of 35 rank and file killed and wounded, under the command of Captain Hopkins, who was noticed by name in Lord Raglan’s despatch.
This detachment afterwards was moved, and being reinforced with 1400 men from the fleet, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Hurdle and Captain J. B. Rodney, brigade major, was placed in position in the intrencliments on the heights covering the town and port of Balaklava, where it remained until embarked with the force sent to Kinburn.
A detachment of Royal Marine Artillery, under Major Alexander, was employed in batteries of the Right attack.
Medical Department.
The medical officers on duty in the trenches were provided with huts in suitable positions, according as the works approached the place. They performed their duties in a very zealous and satisfactory manner, notwithstanding the very unfavourable circumstances in which they were placed. It is only justice to the medical officers so employed to state, that they soon reconciled themselves to the novel accommodation provided for them, so different from what they had been accustomed to in a great and well-regulated hospital.
The ambulance waggons were stationed in the ravines on each flank of the attack, and placed as near to the trenches as cover from the fire of the enemy’s artillery and the locality would permit.
Land Transport Corps.
Everybody employed in the trenches must have perceived the admirable manner in which the officers and men of the Land Transport Corps at all times and under the hottest fire supplied the batteries and trenches with water.
Hours for Assaults.
It will be perceived, on perusing the “Journals,” that the hour for making the assaults was different in every case, and from the results no decided judgment can be formed as to the fittest time for doing so. It has under all great generals varied according to circumstances, and the particular troops of which their armies were composed, as well as the object of the assault and the nature of

550
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
the works to he assaulted. Under the Duke of Wellington in Spain the hours for assault were as follows:
Badajos. Christoval.—May 1811. Midnight.
„ 2d Assault.—9 p.m.
Cuidad Rodrigo.—January 1812.
Badajos.—April 1812. 10 P.M.
*St. Sebastian. 1st assault, July 1813.—Daybreak.
* „ 2d assault, August 1813.—11 A.M.
*Bergen-op-Zoom.—March 1814 at 10 P.M.
7th June.—Assault of the Quarries.
1st. The hour named for the attack was 7 P.M., to have the benefit of the night, to make secure the lodgments before daybreak.
18tli June.—Assault of the Redan and MalakofF.
2d. It was considered that if the works were carried the Russians would during the day attempt to dislodge the assailants. It was therefore considered desirable to have daylight, in order to meet the movements of the enemy, and by working hard to secure themselves by good intrencbments before nightfall.
8th September, Mid-day.
The same reasoning was considered to hold good at the attack on the 8th September.
Mode of carrying on the duties by the Royal Engineers.
The engineering duties were conducted as follows :—
The Major-General Commanding, with his staff, was hutted near the Field Marshal’s quarters. Daily reports of- the progress of the work of the preceding 24 hours in the two attacks were collected, and forwarded to the Major-General by the directors, accompanied by their observations, and by any special report, when necessary.
As soon as the Major-General had prepared his plan of the work proposed for the ensuing night, he submitted it with the morning reports to the Field Marshal, and took his directions as to the work to be carried on.
At those daily meetings all business relating to the engineer department was brought under the Field Marshal’s consideration. Free access to his lordship was to be obtained at any hour, night or day, so that if anything occurred with which it was important for him to be immediately informed, it was done, and acted upon, without loss of time.
Saturday being the post day for England, the Major-General handed to the Commander of the Forces on the morning of that day in every week a report, drawn up in a condensed form, describing the nature and extent of work executed or commenced during the past week, accompanied by an outline sketch, in order that the Minister-of-War might be made acquainted with the progress of the siege up to the latest moment possible.
The Assistant Adjutant-General of the Engineers (immediately after the interview of the Major- General with the Commander-in-Chief) received the necessary orders for the two attacks, which were, as soon as prepared, despatched to the parks for the directors, in order that the necessary
* These hours were regulated by the tide.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
551
arrangements respecting the brigades of Sappers, tools, materials, &c. required might be made early in the day, and a requisition sent to the Adjutant-General detailing the number of men that would be wanted as a working party for each attack for the ensuing 24 hours.
As soon as the “ Electric Telegraph ” was established, a report was received by the Major-General Commanding every morning by 6 A.M. If anything important occurred, an immediate communication was made to the Field Marshal. If not, it was submitted to him with the daily reports, which arrived some time later in the morning.
The General Order of the 26tli February 1855 (Par. No. 1) was excellent, as far as it could be carried out, but no appointment corresponding with the “major des tranchdes ” in the French service was made, or even an adjutant appointed. In such extensive works, an officer of superior rank was very much required. The want of a permanent staff officer added considerably to the difficulties of the engineers.
There should be some distinct orders given respecting the duties in the trenches. The want of a resident officer to regulate the duties was felt very much by the engineers, and which added considerably to their labours. Had such an officer been appointed, the numerous irregularities recorded in the journals as regards the working parties could not have occurred.
This officer should be stationed at some convenient spot, a short distance in rear of the trenches; the same individual to continue throughout the entire siege. There would then be a staff officer to whom the general officer on duty could refer for information, and who could arrange with him and the engineers in regard to the disposition of the troops, as guards of the trenches, or the working parties and reliefs, &c., &c., &c.
The note in the 2d Yol. p. 329 of Sir John Jones’s Journals of the Sieges of Spain, 3d edition, is equally deserving of notice in the present day as it was at the period that distinguished officer and experienced engineer penned that note.
It will be evident, from a careful perusal of the Journals of the Siege of Sebastopol, that much of the inconvenience experienced by the engineers would not have taken place had a proper system been established. A siege is a very different affair from a general action, and, unfortunately, in the British service, little, if any, instruction is afforded to the officers of the British army relating to their duties in the trenches. With some few exceptions, they never appear to know or feel the great responsibility which attaches to every individual when employed on such duty. Every thing connected with the posting of the guards of the trenches and working parties is usually left to the officers of engineers.
Extract from Major-General Sir John’ Jones’s Journals of Sieges, 3d edition, 2d Yol. p. 399.
“ It is extremely to be desired that the officer commanding in the trenches should take far more authority upon himself than he usually assumes at our sieges, and with such view it would be better that the duty were assigned to general officers only, and be taken for 24 hours each relief.
“ The general officer of the day should feel himself responsible for every thing done in the trenches during the period of his command ; the quantity of work performed and the fire kept up by the batteries, equally with the regularity of the troops.
“ The disposition of the guard of the trenches, and the direction and precision of their fire, claim his particular attention, and there is no arrangement which would not be benefited by the interference of his authority. Till such a supreme and high command be established in the trenches, perfect regularity can never prevail, nor will an equal stimulus be given to the various services engaged in the operation. The difference of effect produced by the fire of the guard of the trenches, when well or ill commanded, was particularly commented on by the officers of the garrison of St. Sebastian after their surrender. They

552
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
observed and inquired, with great curiosity, why on some days they could not peep through au embrasure or look over the parapet for an instant with impunity, while on other days they were permitted to expose themselves fully to view, almost unnoticed. And also, the proper method of posting the guard to receive and repel sorties also requires some detailed regulations, and such can never so well emanate as from the experience of general officers who have repeatedly commanded in the trenches at a siege.”
Working Pay.
In the Crimea working pay was allowed for one subaltern to 100 men, and no more. Officers were not allowed to be paid except in that proportion, and no officer above the rank of subaltern received working pay.
If a regiment was called upon to furnish a working party, of course the men were accompanied with the proper proportion of officers, but only one subaltern per 100 men received payment, although there might have been several officers and of higher rank.
The following copies of General Orders have reference to the subject of working pay:
It is extremely desirable that the whole subject regarding the issue and amount of the allowance for working in every branch of the service should be put under some clear and well-defined regulation, and form part of the finance regulation of the army.
At present no distinction is made in regard to the particular duties in which soldiers may be employed, whether under the deadly fire of the enemy, quietly making roads, carrying tools, stores, or on works in water or wet soils ; all are paid the same amount, irrespective of the particular service on which employed, more or less destructive of clothes, &c.
There are many works which ought to be executed by the soldier as a military duty, and therefore without payment. In some cases the general in command has allowed 3 d. per diem, when employed, to cover the wear and tear of clothes and shoes; others hold the Queen’s regulations to be binding for every description of labour performed by a soldier, and have paid him accordingly ; and other generals have not allowed anything.
With every army that the author has served with during the last 50 years there has invariably been a question raised on the subject of working pay.
It will be perceived that the General Order of the 21st December 1855, par. 3, makes an alteration in regard to the duties for which working pay was to be allowed, and defining those that were to be considered military duties and without working pay.
On the following day, December 22d, General Orders, par. 6, grants an allowance of 4 d. and 2d. per diem for the troops employed at Balaclava in making roads or other public fatigues, thereby showing that the Commander of the Forces had no regulation by which the allowance of working pay was defined.
It may be remarked, that, in addition to the working pay of the men employed in the trenches, an extra free ration of rum to the troops employed at night as working parties, guards over the trenches, and outlying picquets, had been authorized from the 10th October 1854.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
553
GENERAL ORDERS.
1854.
October 14.
No. 7.—An extra free ration of rum to the troops employed at night as working parties, guards of the trenches, and outlying picquets has been authorized from the 10th instant.
1855. January 3.
authorized for
Seamen belonging to the Naval Brigade serving with the army, when employed in working parties under the Roynl Engineers, are to receive working pay at the same rate as that soldiers, 8 d. per day and 10c/. per night.
GENERAL AFTER ORDER.
February 23. The Commander of the Forces sanctions the following arrangements for the issue of working pay to the troops employed by the Royal Engineers :—
The rate of pay to be—
Officers, 4s. per diem.
Non-commissioned officers, Is. per day or night.
Soldiers, 10c/. by night, 8c/. by day.
One officer to each 100 men.
One non-commissioned officer to each 20 men.
The periods of work to be generally, unless otherwise required by the Royal Engineers—
By day, 1st relief, 8.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m.
By day, 2d relief, 1.30 p.m. to 5.30 p.m.
By night, 1st relief, 8 r.M. to 12 midnight.
By night, 2d relief, 12 midnight to 4 a.m.
Form A. annexed, filled up accurately, and signed by the officer commanding the party and by the superintending engineer, will be a voucher to enable the regimental paymaster to receive from the Ordnance paymaster the amount due to the regiment.
Form B. and Form C. nnnexed appear simple methods of recording the working pay due to each regiment and company, and are recommended for general adoption.
The working pay will be drawn weekly, and issued in full to the men. It is not necessary that it should appear in the ledger, and it is considered objectionable that the whole working pay of a regiment or company should be assigned to charitable or other funds.

554
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Form A.
Return of tlie Number of Men of the Working Party furnished by the Regiment on the
day of 1855.
Name or No. of the Work
Officers.
Non-
Commissioned
Officers.
Privates.
Time.
Amount.
Remarks.
Prom
To
•
-
£ s. d.
I do hereby certify that the above numbers are correct.
Commanding Working Party, Regiment.
I do hereby certify, that the above number of officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates were employed, and performed the duty assigned to them in a satisfactory manner.
Royal Engineers, in charge.
Form B.
_Regiment.
Account of Working Pay, from 1st to 31st day of 1855.
Date.
By Day.
By Night.
Amount.
Due to each Company.
Remarks.
N.G.O.
Men.
N.G.O.
Men.
Grenadiers.
A
B
C
D
E
F
Infantry.
1st.
2d.
3d.
4th.
And so on. This Form continued to the end of the month, each day signed by the Adjutant in the column of Remarks.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. 555
Form C.
Grenadier Company.
Names of Men employed in the Trenches on the day of 1855.
Serjeant
A
Private
B
£
s .
d.
99
C
1 N. C. officer, at od.
- 0
0
5
99
P
Q 6 privates, at id.
- 0
2
0
E
pb ^
99
C
Total
- 0
2
5
99
D
Camp before Sebas.topol day of
1855.
By Order,
(Signed)
Commanding Company.
J. B. B. Estcourt,
Adjutant-General.
GENERAL ORDER.
1855 .
December 21. No. 3.—After this all working pay will cease in this army, except for artificers, skilled labour, for police, and special duties. Roads, hutting, trenches, defences, landing and removing provisions and stores of the army, are the ordinary duties of a soldier.
ENGINEER FIELD EQUIPMENT.
Until the army had reached Varna there was no engineer field equipment formed to carry the engineer's’ stores. When the army embarked at Varna for the Crimea, seven mules per division was the total amount of transport allowed ; nor was there any field train department to take charge of the engineers’ stores.
The engineers were prepared to undertake ordinary siege operations, or to intrench positions, from having a body of Sappers, who, by previous training at the field establishment at Chatham, proved themselves very expert workmen, but they were not numerous enough for the duties of a great siege. Latterly the reinforcements were composed of recruits who had not been perfected or even gone through the course of instruction. Except for superior intelligence they were of little benefit to the engineers ; soldiers from the Line regiments would have been nearly as useful. To make up for a deficiency in miners, men were taken from the regiments of the Line. As many as 100 at a time were employed daily during the latter period of the siege, in the advanced trenches, in blasting rock with which to form the parapets at night. Although these men executed this particular duty zealously and well, still they were not so generally useful to the engineers as a trained body of miners.
WATER. PI. xviii., xix., xx.
In the month of March the question of a supply of water for the large body of troops encamped on the heights for the purpose of carrying on the siege works engaged the attention of the Field Marshal. During the winter months the supply was ample; but, taking into consideration the approaching dry season, the state of the siege, the time likely to elapse before the capture of the
4 a 2

556
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
place, the prospective daily increase in the number of men and animals, as well as the diminished supply from the springs in the different valleys, which was the only means of obtaining water, made the subject one of deep importance and anxiety, requiring that immediate attention should be directed to the best mode of increasing the supply, and to prevent waste. The reservoirs being considered public, and available for any person, of whatever nation or service he might belong to, the very inefficient means for transporting water to the several camps, the very great loss of it from the want of proper vessels for raising the water from the reservoir, the great leakage from the leather water-bags which had been supplied to the troops, and the general indifference as to waste, as well as the daily increase in the number of men and animals to be supplied, also the ignorance whether the springs would run dry in summer, made the subject one of the deepest importance, necessitating that measures should immediately be taken to apply a remedy. Steps were accordingly taken to ensure the greatest supply, and to husband as much as possible, in reservoirs to be made, the water which could be collected in them. With this view Captain Owen of the Royal Engineers was directed to examine the plateau on which the English army and a portion of the French were encamped, and to report upon the practicability of forming reservoirs in the several valleys, and to calculate the quantity which might be expected to be supplied daily from the springs. It was very important to ascertain as correctly as possible the quantity, in order to know whether any or what surplus there was at that period (March 1855) above the daily consumption, and, in forming reservoirs, to regulate the size of them.
The interesting reports of Captain Owen and Lieutenant Elphinstone, R.E., will show what the state of the supply was, and the measures which were adopted in consequence. This was a duty thrown upon the engineers, in addition to those they had to perform in the trenches. After Captain Owen was severely wounded, the duty of forming the reservoirs, and the general superintendence of the supply of water for the array, was intrusted to Lieutenant Elphinstone, R.E., who with great zeal most ably executed these duties. By his plans for the reservoirs, and the admirable arrangements which he made to torn every drop of water during the summer to account, he secured a fair supply to the different encampments ; and he had to consider how he could divert and save the overflow. Water was required for three distinct purposes:—
1st. For drinking and cooking.
2d. For horses.
3d. For washing clothes.
All these objects were most successfully attained, and reflected great credit upon him. The movement made in May, by extending the positions held by the allied armies to the river Tchernaya,' was most advantageous. By posting a body of troops on the Fedukine Heights a better position was taken up, and by advancing the English troops under Sir Colin Campbell great relief was gained. By the greater space thus obtained, a greater quantity of excellent green forage was procured. But the greatest advantage was that the water of the Tchernaya became available for the use of the troops and horses ; thereby a considerable reduction was obtained from the great demand upon the limited supply from the springs on the heights where the army was encamped. At the end of June and beginning of July the uncertainty as to the time that would elapse before the capture of the place caused the subject of the supply of water to become one of increased anxiety. The supply from the springs was evidently decreasing, and a long period of dry weather in prospect, the greatest precautions to prevent waste were adopted. Those reservoirs which were open to all comers soon ran dry. This remark applies more particularly to the great roads on which the number of animals employed in the transport of provisions and stores were constantly passing and repassing

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
55 7
and daily increasing in number. At the reservoir below head-quarters upwards of 4,000 animals were known to have stopped for water in one day.
Fortunately, in some parts of the trenches springs were tapped which afforded a supply of excellent water, although not very abundant. Even this resource was wasted and misused in a terrible manner by the men in the trenches, without reflecting that they were to be relieved in a few hours by other parties equally requiring water. In those parts of the trenches distant from the springs, empty metal powder cases were sunk in the ground, and daily filled by water carried into the trenches on the backs of horses. This supply was frequently destroyed by the men dipping in the cases their mess-tins covered with soot, thus defiling the water, and rendering it unfit for drinking. The recklessness of the privates was scarcely ever checked by the officers or noncommissioned officers on duty.
, Supply of Water to the British Camp.
Camp before Sebastopol, 29tli March 1855.
In order to make the most economical use of the water in the emitting springs, it is proposed at each of the principal springs to secure—
1. A tank or tanks for the supply of water for drinking and cooking.
2. Watering troughs for horses.
3. Tanks for washing clothes.
The whole with properly paved and drained approaches.
As a precautionary measure, in case of any long-continued drought, it would be desirable to collect and repair all the casks capable of holding water which the commissariat may have in charge, and that in opening all salt meat casks in future care be taken to preserve the heads.
It will be necessary that working parties be placed at the disposal of the officers charged with these duties, to the extent of 50 men from each division :—
One man of the 50 to be a cooper by trade.
Two men, carpenters.
Six men, masons and bricklayers.
These nine men, artificers, and the sergeants in charge should be permanent; the remainder might be changed every week.
The artificers to be paid at the rate of 2d. per hour.
Non-commissioned officers \\d. an hour, workmen Id. an hour, upon pay-lists certified by the officers of engineers in charge.
A sentry or sentries should be placed at once upon the springs, near the Third and Light Divisions, to prevent an improper use being made of the water.
(Signed) II. C. Owen,
Capt. R.E.
Report upon the Supply of Water to the Army, by Capt. Owen, R.E.
Sir, Camp before Sebastopol, Right Attack, 3d April 1855.
Since receiving instructions to consider the question of the supply of water to the army, and, in concert with Colonel the Honourable Alexander Gordon, to propose and carry out such measures as might be necessary, I have given the best attention in my power to it; and though I hope to be permitted again to report the result of my observations, I beg leave at once to submit a few points which may enable you to lay before the Field Marshal Commanding a statement of how far difficulties may be apprehended during the summer for want of a supply of water.
My knowledge of geology is limited, and more derived from books than actual observation, but I have been fortunate enough to find in Colonel Monro of the 39th an officer thoroughly acquainted with the geology of the district, and who has been so good as to acquaint me with much valuable information on the subject.

558
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The heights upon, which the allied armies are encamped and upon which Sebastopol stands are isolated from the remainder of the Crimea, by the harbour and the Tchernaya on the north, by the low neck of land which separates the Tchernaya from the Balaklava River and the Balaklava River and Plains themselves on the east, and are bounded by the sea on the south and west.
Without reckoning the small space occupied east of Balaklava, this space may, perhaps, be considered to amount to 60 square miles. Nearly the whole consists of a limestone formation of every degree of hardness, from the softest calcareous stone to marble. The whole is capable of retaining water in its fissures, and as the mass has been upheaved by volcanic action on the south coast (where columnar basalt is found), the dip of the strata is towards the north, and the water contained in the limestone is most likely to run out towards the north.
There is nothing in the formation of the ground to indicate that water falling upon distant hills of a higher level might find its way to the surface here, after passing under other impermeable strata, as is the case sometimes.
The armies must therefore depend—
1. Upon the rain water which has already been retained by the limestone Kicks ; and
2. Upon such additions as it may receive from rain during the summer.
Neither of these sources of supply can be increased by any amount of labour, and all that can be done is to make the most judicious use of them which circumstances will admit of.
It may be possible, within certain limits, to ascertain to what extent each source may be available.
It is to these points I have naturally 'directed my attention. The existing supply may be made most available by several means:—
1st. The cleaning out, arranging the springs, paving the approaches, and managing them, that while there is any rain, the smallest run of water, the whole of it may be accessible, and none run to waste.
This has already been done in a very admirable manner by the French to some of their springs, and I propose as near as possible to follow their arrangements.
2d. Wells may be dug in places where water does not at present come to the surface ; but though this may be convenient as giving a supply nearer the spot where troops may be encamped, there is some doubt whether it will at all be a means of increasing the total supply, for it may be quite possible for a well to intercept the supply of a spring or of another well.
It is, however, proposed to make an attempt to find water with a boring machine in the Middle Ravine (Karabeluaia), and if found to sink a well, as it is possible that a portion of the drainage of that ravine finds its way underground into the enemy’s works.
A third method of economizing the supply of water would be to construct reservoirs to store away that which is now wasted, thereby emending the supply drawn daily from the wells and springs.
Tanks of this kind would be gigantic undertakings.
A supply for a single month for 100,000 men and 30,000 horses and mules would require 100 tanks, each 100 feet long, 17-| feet wide, and 10 feet deep.
100,000 gallons, men, per day.
180,000 gallons, horses „
280,000 gallons per day.
30 days.
8,400,000 gallons - 1,400,000 cubic feet.
Add for waste and accidents - 350,000 „
1,750,000 „
One tank, 100 feet long -»
17£ » wide > 17,500 cubic feet.
10 „ deep J
They could not possibly be finished, even with the united efforts of the whole army, in time to be of any service.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
559
The extent to which the emitting supply may be replenished by rain during the summer can only be judged of by the experience of former years, and I propose to use every means of obtaining information upon this point. There is some fear that the destruction of all timber and brushwood upon the heights may diminish the fall of rain, and that the portion that does fall, not being retained by the vegetation, and the ground being exposed to quicker evaporations, will diminish still further the quantity which penetrates the soil.
Measures are being taken to gauge the supply from some of the emitting springs for several days successively, and then perhaps the rate of the decrease of supply during dry weather may be determined approximately.
It merits attention, that the Russians do not seem to have considered the supply to be drawn from these heights as sufficient for the consumption of Sebastopol, otherwise they would scarcely have made the aqueduct from the upper part of the Tchernaya. On the other hand, it is certain that they only seem to have endeavoured to increase few of the springs ; and I have heard it stated (with what degree of truth I cannot tell) that the Tchernaya aqueduct was made for the sole purpose of filling the basons of the Dockyard with fresh water on account of a destructive worm found in the waters of the Black Sea.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your very obedient humble servant,
Major-General Harry D. Jones, II. C. Owen,
Commdg. Royal Engineers. Captain Royal Engineers.
Weekly Report of Work undertaken with a view of receiving a proper Supply of Water.
Camp before Sebastopol, Friday, 6th April 1855.
Fifty men of the Light Division and three Sappers employed in forming a new tank for washing in the Woronzoff Ravine, and commencing to clean out the old one constructed by the Russians ; also a trough for watering horses.
Fifty men of the Third Division and one Sapper employed in forming two new tanks at the springs south of the Division ; one for washing, and another (the upper one) for drinking water.
In the course of next week measures will be taken to make a plan of the springs and watercourses, and to number the springs in each ravine, by which means reports of this kind will be made more clear.
Mr. Newsome, Assistant Engineer, has this day taken charge of the works instead of Lieut. Drake, R.E.
II. C. Owen,
Major-General H. D. Jones, Captain, R.E.
Commdg. Royal Engineers.
Memorandum respecting Progress of Waterworks before Sebastopol.
22d April 1855.
Fifty men from the Light Division and fifty from the Second Division work daily, but the Fourth Division sends only 25 men, making a total of 125 men and three Sappers employed on the works in Picquet-house Ravine ; work progressing satisfactorily.
Fifty men from the Third Division work daily with one corporal of Sappers at springs in rear of that division ; tank nearly completed, but watering troughs and other works required.
This is certainly intended by Lord Raglan.
Troughs can be made at Balaklava, and if the strength of the additional working party is specified, directions will accordingly be given.
(Signed) Richard Airev,
Quarter-Master General.

560
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
If it is the wish of the General Commanding-in-Chief that the tanks in the ravine to the rear of the Third Division should be cleared and arranged, or that works for the efficient supply of Balaklava and the cavalry at Kamara should be proceeded with at once, which certainly appears desirable, a further increase of the working party will be necessary, as the present fatigues are fully employed.
(Signed) W. Newsome,
Assistant Royal Engineer.
Report on Works for Conservation of Water before Sebastopol.
29th April 1855.
In the Woronzoff Road Ravine, 150 men from the Light, Second, and Fourth Divisions have been employed with three Sappers. All the mud has been excavated, the tank got ready for puddling, and another road formed.
The works have progressed satisfactorily.
At the springs in rear of Third Division 50 men of that division and one Sapper have been employed in opening out the springs.
The tank is nearly complete ; three or four days will suffice to finish all as far as drinking water is concerned. Further works for the convenience of the men, as regards the ablution of their person and clothing, would still be desirable.
Let it be available.
. (Signed) Raglan.
Works have also been commenced at tanks in ravine to left of Third Division.
The springs are being opened out; the’ tank drained, to enable it to be cleansed, and proper slopes and drains to protect it from surface drainage are in progress. 50 men and two Sappers are employed.
Some delay is occasioned by want of wheelbarrows as well as other tools.
Let the ■wheelbarrows be provided.
(Signed) Raglak.
(Signed) W. Newsome,
Assistant Engineer.
Memorandum.
I think that it would take less time to construct new tanks than attempt to sink or deepen the existing springs ; besides, the former arrangements would not interfere with the present supply or use of these springs.
1. All the springs now “ in hand ” have been closed at their source, and, where admissible, covered over. The water is conveyed from them to the tanks by pipes and well-clayed drains. The surface water cannot interfere with them.
2. The washing places are all lower than the reservoirs.
3. The watering troughs are supplied from the tanks by pipes, which are placed about nine inches below the lowest level of the water in the reservoir ; the quantity of water to be admitted into them is regulated by a stopper, under the charge of the sentry. For the Picquet-house Ravine there are 36 feet of troughing ; Sailors’ Ravine, west of Third Division, 36 feet (not yet completed) ; tank in rear of Third Division, 24 feet (not completed yet).
As the supply of water to these troughs is very clean, they would not require to be cleansed very often.
4. Nothing has as yet been done about covering the tanks.
5. If the tanks can be covered, so as to preserve the water pure, I do not see the necessity of using any forcing pumps.
The tanks are very large, which would prevent the men crowding too closely together.
7. The springs deliver such pure water that filters are unnecessary.
One, however, which appeared to yield rather muddy water, has now got a filter tank.
8. All the watering places are now being paved and thoroughly drained.
(Signed) H. C. Elphinstone.
Lieut., Royal Engineers.
O

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
561
Sik, Right Attack, 26th May 1855.
I have the honour to report, for the information of the Major-General Commanding Royal Engineers, that I consider it highly desirable that immediate steps be taken for “ covering in ” the various springs which supply the tanks with water. The direct rays of the sun must naturally increase the growth of vegetable matter, which they are but too apt to produce, and wind, dust, and rain will very much deteriorate the quality of the water.
I likewise consider it highly desirable that a certain number of tin cases or camp kettles be securely fixed along the sides of the tanks, so as to prevent persons from “ dipping ” for water in dirty cans. I feel certain that this will be the only method by which the purity of the water may be preserved.
The following materials, &c. will be required for accomplishing the above propositions, viz. :
13,000 superficial feet of planking.
550 lineal feet of scantling.
45 camp kettles.
It certainly would be preferable if the tanks werS likewise covered over, but I do not consider it a matter of absolute necessity ; their very large dimensions would render it a troublesome and rather expensive operation. The materials required for the same would be about—
1,300 superficial feet of planking.
9,000 lineal feet of scantling.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
H. C. Elpiiinstone,
Major-General Harry D. Jones, Lieut., Royal Engineers.
^Commdg. Royal Engineers.
Camp before Sebastopol,
Sir, 2d June 1855.
I have the honour to inform you, that I have observed during the last two days a considerable diminution in the quantity of water of some of the tanks, which, if it should continue, would very soon empty them, as you will perceive by referring to the subjoined table.
Contents.
Daily supply.
Quantity withdrawn daily during the last
Two Days.
Diminution of Water in
Tank daily.
Tank in Picquet-liouse Ravine
Gallons.
70,730
Gallons.
13,500
Gallons.
23,000
Gallons.
9,500
Tank in Dockyard Creek Ravine.
65,700
6,700
12,700
6,000
The tank in rear of the Third Division has shown no perceptible difference whatever in the height of water.
As far as I can ascertain, the strength of the springs has not diminished, neither can any leak be discovered in the tanks, and which I think cannot exist, as the present supply during the night is precisely the same as it was originally.
It can therefore be attributed solely to the increased consumption of water consequent upon the heat of the weather.
4 K

562
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
But, whatever the cause, I think it highly desirable, and even advisable, to diminish the drain upon the tanks as speedily as possible. To effect which I would suggest the following,—that, for the present, not more than one battery of Artillery water their horses at the tank in the Picket-house Ravine, between Light and Second Division, and that no battery should send any horses to water at the tank in the Dockyard Creek Ravine, left of Third Division. The drain upon the horse troughs of both these tanks has been greater of late than the tanks will admit of with safety.
At the former there were yesterday upwards of 4,000 horses, whereas 2,000 is the limit ; at the latter 3,600, the limit being 2,000.
The horses of the batteries alluded to might easily be watered at the French tanks or troughs in rear of Third Division, near Head Quarters, which I understand are now but little used. They give an excellent supply of water.
But as regards the saving of the water in the tanks :
I think that if tin cases or camp-kettles could be procured, and permanently attached to each tank, so as to prevent the men from dipping with dirty cans, a considerable body of water would be saved, for at present a constant overflow is obliged to be kept up to clean the tanks from the grease and dirt that collects on the upper surface.
I must likewise remark that the leakage from the leather water-bags used for conveying water on ponies to the trenches, hospitals, &c. is very considerable, very nearly one fourth of their contents.
This might be prevented, if carts can be obtained, by employing casks or barrels, the same as the French do.
I am in the hope of obtaining shortly an additional supply of water in the Picquet-house Ravine, by effecting improvements upon an old French tank at present abandoned by them ; but I see no chance of increasing the supply in the Dockyard Creek Ravine.
I have, &c.
(Signed) II. C. Elphinstone, '
Major-General Harry D. Jones, Lieut., Royal Engineers.
Commdg. Royal Engineers.
Camp before Sebastopol,
g IR; 12th June 1855.
I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance w T ith your verbal instructions, I called upon Colonel Gordon, Deputy Quarter-master General, for the purpose of reporting to him the continuance of the diminution of water in the tanks referred to in my letter of the 2d June, and to urge upon him the necessity of directing that the batteries of artillery should no longer -water at our tanks but at those of the French, which continued to yield a very large supply, more than requisite for their purpose. I was informed that the oificer commanding Royal Artillery had been written to, but that his reply had not yet been received.
• I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
H. C. Elphinstone,
Major-General Harry D. Jones, Lieut., Royal Engineers.
Commdg. Royal Engineers.
My deae Geneeal, 21st June 1855.
On returning from you this morning, I inspected the tank in the ravine in rear of Third Division, and am sorry to say that the spring is evidently decreasing; and unless an order is given for all horses to water elsewhere, we shall be badly off for it before long.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
563
I am not aware whether the authorities at head-quarters have taken any steps on the matter, but I think it right to acquaint you how we are circumstanced.
Major-General Harry D. Jones, Commdg. Royal Engineers.
Believe me,
Yours very truly,
E. Chapman.
Sir, Camp before Sebastopol, 22d June 1855.
I keguet to have to inform you that the diminution of water in the tanks, which I reported some time back, is still continuing, and latterly to so great an extent that I consider it of the utmost importance not to delay a moment longer in making some different arrangements in the system of watering.
1. The tank in Picquet-house ravine, between the Light and Second Divisions, which formerly contained about 70,000 gallons of water, has now only 8,000 gallons remaining. The French tank in same ravine, the alterations of which I have nearly completed, although on the increase, does not counterbalance more than half the diminution in the other, so that on the whole the drain upon these tanks is greater than the supply by 3,000 gallons daily ; by no means a small quantity when compared with the water remaining in the tanks, which would be emptied in about fifteen or eighteen days time.
2. The tanks in the Dockyard Creek ravine, near the Sailors’ Camp, and that in the rear of the Third Division, are very nearly emptied, especially the former, the wafer in which has diminished from 60,000 to 50,000 gallons. With the present consumption they will be perfectly emptied in six or seven days’ time.
3. Although there was a gradual decrease, it was not until the 19th instant that any serious difference showed itself, as will he seen by the subjoined table.
Height of Water in Dockyard Creek Ravine Tank.
Ileight of Water.
Date.
Morning.
Evening.
16th June
28 inches
25 inches
17th „
27 „
22 „
18 th „
26
24 „
19th „
251 „
12
20th „
15| „
9 „
21st „
8 „
3
22d „
5 „
This difference I attribute to the arrival of the First Division, who draw water at this tank, and the one in rear of the Third Division.
4. From the above statements it cannot hut be evident that the supply of water in these tanks is inadequate to the present force quartered on these heights ; not owing to any diminution in the strength of the springs, but to the increased consumption at present to what it was during the winter season. Unless, therefore, a fresh supply of water be found along the ridge we at present occupy, either from springs or wells, I cannot
4 b 2

564
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
think of any other means than having recourse to one or the other of the following propositions, and that as speedily as possible:—
5 . —
1st. To diminish the force at present occupying these heights ; or,
2d. To convey water from the Tchernaya by means of an engine force pump, and piping or clay drains ; or,
3d. Let all the batteries of artillery, and if necessary the transport corps horses, water at the Tchernaya, or any of the French tanks nearer at hand which still contain a large supply, as for instance the one below Victoria Redoubt ; or,
4th. Remove the batteries of artillery for a short space of time from these heights to the Tchernaya or Kadikoi.
6. Propositions 3 and 4 seem tome the only feasible ones, at present, and I believe that if the artillery horses ceased watering at the three above-named tanks for the space of one week, the tanks would have sufficiently recovered to supply the horses with water for three or four days during every week. But this question bears no delay whatever ; it is most urgent and important.
7. It may be objected to that the French would not consider it fair to send a portion of our horses to their tanks. In answer to this I beg to remark, that they on their part do not seem to be so particular. At this present moment, two of their batteries of artillery, one of which is encamped to the right of the windmill on the ground formerly occupied by the Second Division, water their horses at our tanks lying between the Light and Second Division, and certainly two thirds of the water of these tanks goes to supply the French troops. I believe I am underrating the estimate in saying that our troops merely obtain one third of the supply of these tanks.
8. Previous to concluding this report, I beg to remark that I think it would be highly desirable, either to discard altogether the “ water bags ” now in use for carrying water to the trenches and hospitals, or that strict orders be issued that these bags when not in use should invariably remain immersed in water, and not allowed to dry in the sun, as is the case at present.
The leakage from these “ bags ” is greater than would at first sight appear probable. At the tank in Dockyard Creek Itaviue near the Sailors’ Camp I have the means of measuring the leakage of these bags during the time they are being filled, and the amount of water spilt in so doing (as I am now collecting this and constructing filters to make it drinkable for horses) amounts to from 1,200 to 1,500 gallons per diem.
9. As far as concerns the arrangements of collecting and drawing the water from our tanks, I am unable to suggest any further improvements so as to overcome waste and economize the water. None of the tanks leak. All the water from the springs has been collected, and there is no unnecessary waste of any kind. Even the drainage is made use of, either for washing places, or, where practicable, reconverted by means of filters to drinkable water for horses.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed) H. Elphinstone.
Lieut., R.E.
Memo.
It being extremely desirable that every possible information should be afforded with a view to increase the supply of water, the following memoranda were proposed and circulated for general information.
II. D. J.
From Balaklava northwards the table land occupied by the allied camps consists for the most part of stratified limestone in beds more or less horizontal, resting on highly crystalline limestone. It is at the outcrop of these stratified rocks that the several springs of water issue, and it is in this foundation that wells may be advantageously sunk, should more water be required than the springs will yield.
. 3
ss!
I

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
565
In all cases where the surface is rocky, and the soil bears a reddish tinge, the subsoil is porous and dry.
The clay shales which intervene below this formation intercept the surface water, that forms in the chinks or fissures vast stores and reservoirs of water, which is gradually parted with at the point where springs issue.
At all such points there is a possibility that water may be found by deeper sinkings.
Memo, for Major-General Jones upon the Supply of Water at the Monastery of St. George.
1. The Monastery of St. George is supplied with water from a well built of rubble masonry situated near the present electric telegraph office. It is 50 feet deep, and has about two feet five inches of water, which appears from observation neither to increase or decrease. The horses of a troop of Royal Horse Artillery watered at this well, and left it much the same as they found it.
The water in this well is supposed to find its way through strata to a reservoir below the monastery buildings, which has two pipes for overflow, and out of them the water is constantly running, in amount equal to what would flow from a pipe of one inch bore. The surplus is conducted into gardens by drains and wooden shoots until it reaches the sea, or else shoots into the earth.
The French dragoons on despatch duty, the guards and men employed in the electric telegraph office, and men from the Sanatarium eastward of the Monastery, draw water from this well ; which is supplied with a bucket and winch, for raising the water, and a stone trough for watering the horses.
The supply afforded appears to be more than sufficient for all present purposes.
2. The Sanatarium, or convalescent hospital before mentioned, is supplied with water drawn from the Monastery well. Two Maltese, with a cart and pair of water bags, are sent there for this purpose two or three times a day.
The quantity drawn at present supplies 44 men.
With reference to the Sanitarium supply, two wells were commenced about a month ago on the path leading from it to the sea. No spring was, however, found; only surface water, about ono foot three inches in depth, which lasts ouly in wet weather. This water has been used at the hospital for washing only. Thero is no appearance of any springs in this ravine.
There is another well in a farm-yard close to the Sanatarium, but this is occupied by the French.
3. An excellent well exists in the second ravine from the Monastery, between it and the Ilead-Quarters. The supply is ample and the water good. It is used by the batteries of artillery quartered in that neighbourhood.
It is not improbable that springs might be found westward of this well further down the ravine.
(Signed) J. D. W. Cane,
26th June 1855. Capt., R.E.
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
The electric telegraph having been most usefully and successfully employed during the siege, it may be proper to observe that with an army carrying on active operations in the field its application will not be found so generally available as may be expected by those who are inexperienced, and have not served with an army and accompanied it throughout a campaign.
The duration and peculiar circumstances of the siege of Sebastopol caused the electric telegraph to be a most valuable means of communication with the numerous important points radiating from head-quarters, as Balaklava, the Trenches, the Monastery of Saint George, &c.; still, like everything else, it has difficulties and contingencies to contend against, which cause the machinery to be

566
JOUKNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
frequently out of order, and consequently a stoppage of all communication ensues. Accidents such as will be found described in Lieutenant Fisher’s reports, from which the following extracts have been made, will show that in the neighbourhood of camps or depots where there is much traffic or large bodies of men located, there is a constant liability to derangement, either intentional or unintentional, as v r as frequently experienced in the Crimea.
The instruments and stores for the East were arranged to be carried on waggons; in future it will be advisable that the packages should be made of a size that they may easily be conveyed on the backs of the draught horses or mules of the establishment. It will very frequently, if not generally, be found that the line best suited for the electric wire may be far distant from any regular formed road or ground over which a cart or waggon could travel, or in a mountainous country; recourse must then be had to horses or mules for the transport of the necessary apparatus.
It may therefore be considered as the best arrangement that, when moving with an army, waggons with four horses should be employed in the conveyance of the electric telegraph, which should be considered as forming part of the engineer equipment, and arranged so as to be packed either in carts or on horses when required for use, as may be considered most advisable.
An officer of engineers, with a small detachment of Sappers well trained as telegraphists, should then accompany the equipment, and be responsible for its being efficient and in good working order at all times.
The store instruments for the electric telegraph which arrived at Balaklava at the beginning of December 1854 were as follows, and were arranged to be transported on two waggons to be drawn by four horses each.
Head-Quarters, 8th May 1855.
List of Articles sent out by Electric Telegraph Company, and which arrived at Balaklava
5th December 1854.
Two large wuggons containing each,—
4 instruments.
3 large batteries.
5 small batteries.
1 alarum.
1 galvanometer.
12 miles of wire.
1 plough.
1 magnet.
4 gallons mixed acid.
Besides tools of all descriptions, two boats to each waggon, paddles, &c-., chests for instruments, spare dials, and spare plates.
Additional Articles.
8 tripods for instruments.
2 coils small cotton covered wire.
1 parcel of spare flannel.
1 box spare battery plate.
2 boxes spare dials (2 inches each). 8 instrument straps, chains, &c.
3 pair pliers.
4 large and small screw drivers.
1 revetting hammer.
1 tin box, with resin.
6 bars of solder to each waggon.
2 soldering irons.
2 gutta percha flasks for acid.
2 parcels of gutta percha strips. 2 pewter flasks for naphtha.
2 lamps for naphtha.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
567
Stores left in cart unpacked at Balaklava.
2 anchors for boat.
2 felling axes.
4 pickaxes.
2 handbills.
2 boats.
2 boat books.
2 tin boxes for grease. 2 leathern buckets.
2 claw hammers.
2 lifting jacks.
2 camp kettles.
2 forage ladders.
2 mauls.
6 paddles for boat. 8 park pickets.
4 drag ropes.
2 picket ropes.
2 handsaws.
4 spades.
No use could be made of the telegraph until the beginning of February, when the ground was clear from snow.
Lieutenant Stopford, Royal Engineers, was placed in charge of the telegraphs with a detachment of Sappers to work them; viz., one sergeant superintending, seven privates, with five orderlies, being- steady men from regiments of the Line.
Instruments were to be established at the following stations:—
1st. Head quarters, principal station, with lines communicating with—
2d, Monastery.
3d. Engineer park, Left attack.
4th. Light division.
5th. Caves in rear of first parallel, Right attack (Woronzoff Road).
Gtli. Kadikoi.
7 th. Kazatch.
The lines so laid down enabled the commander of the forces to receive at any moment intelligence of what was progressing in the trenches, or in any part of the position held by the army, and also anything of importance passing in the enemy’s lines; these were very great advantages, and by the same means orders could be transmitted to any of the generals commanding divisions or to any of the departments connected with the army; equally so as regarded the numerous messages to and from Balaklava, and the troops encamped in that part of the position by the station at Kadikoi. By the line to Kazatch a communication was also established with the admiral.
The mode adopted for making communications between the stations was necessarily that of laying the wires under the surface of the ground. The usual method of fixing posts in the ground to support the wires could not be accomplished from the difficulty in procuring timber to make them ; and secondly, the sub soil being rock, to fix them securely would have been a long and laborious undertaking, and one requiring much time for its completion. The extracts from Lieut. Fisher’s weekly reports will show the nature of the casualties which so frequently occurred, and which must always be expected where the wires pass through encampments or stations where there is great traffic.
The mode of proceeding was as follows:—
A trench was cut one foot six inches deep in which the wire was laid, and then covered with the earth which had been taken out; subsequently it was proved that it would have been better to have laid the wires deeper in the ground, as they would then have been more secure and less liable to the accidents which so frequently occurred, more particularly near Kadikoi station, where there was a great deal of traffic, and in general the ground being very wet afforded but little, if any,

568
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
protection to the wires. On the heights soldiers grubbing up roots for fuel disturbed the wires, and on one occasion a shot from the enemy cut the wire, thereby destroying the communication. Any disturbance of the wires caused a good deal of trouble, but by the zealous activity of the officers in charge damages were soon repaired.
The following copy of a report made by Lieut. Stopford, R.E., will be found interesting:—
Memorandum relative to the Field Electric Telegraph sent out to the British Army in the East.
Head-quarters, Camp before Sebastopol, 22d June 1855.
The field electric telegraph equipment arrived at Balaklava on the 6th December 1854.
The whole apparatus for laying down 24 miles of wire, and working eight stations, which was carried in two waggons, was landed and brought up to head-quarters on the 19th December.
With only very few exceptions the equipment was most complete; these exceptions are as follows :_
1. Only two alarum bells were sent out, whereas there should certainly have been one for each station, as too few men could be spared for each to depend on their watching the face of the instrument all day and night.
2. Only two magnets were sent out, whereas there should also be one of these to each station at least. In bad weather particularly, when there is much electricity in the air, the needles require to be magnetised frequently, and there being only two magnets, entailed much loss of time.
3. There should also be a galvanometer to each station, to discover at once if the wire be cut should the current cease at any time ; only two of these were sent.
4. No mercury was sent to amalgamate the zinc plates, and consequently being thin, they were very easily worn out by the action of the acid.
In all other cases I believe everything was perfect except the working of the Plough. This it was intended to attach either to the waggons or on a small truck, on either of which the drum containing the wire worked horizontally ; the end of the wire was to be passed through the share of the' plough, which was hollow for the purpose, and as the truck or waggon advanced the drum revolved, and the wire passing off of it and through the ploughshare was deposited in the small furrow formed (supposed to be about nine inches deep), the share being so narrow that on leaving the earth the cavity it formed was immediately filled up, and the wire thus covered.
This, however, was found to be a false supposition, as the plough was not heavy enough to make the slightest incision in the ground.
And also the ground was totally unfitted for its use; in some places it was rock up to the surface, and quite impossible for any plough to cut, but on the contrary far more likely to break the plough. And again it was found that instead of nine inches, it -would be necessary to lay the wire two feet at least under ground, to provide against badness of the soil, -which in bad weather used to form a thick mud nearly one foot deep, and also as a precaution against the inhabitants of the camps through which the wire passed, who were constantly digging up roots, and not unfrequently the wire with them.
The first difficulty experienced in bringing the field telegraph into working order, was the want of men who understood the use of the instruments, the only two manipulators being Sappers who had been taught at the Telegraph Company’s Office, Lothbury. One, however, was sent to his duty in the trenches, and then only one was left, who was set to teach other Sappers immediately.
These latter soon made themselves acquainted with the use of the instruments, and turned out very good manipulators before the stations were ready to receive them.
Other difficulties succeeded the above :—
1. The weather was excessively bad, heavy snow storms, exceedingly hard frosts, and heavy rains in succession prevented the work being carried on regularly ; and,
2. The difficulty in taking advantage of the fine weather, from the paucity of the men furnished as a working party to dig the trench, which, from the inutility of the plough, it was necessary to execute by manual labour before the wire could be laid.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOFOL.
569
However, on the 27th February, these difficulties being for the time overcome, the first line was commenced from Lord Raglan’s to Kadikoi, about three miles in length. Twenty-five men, subject to the above interruptions from weather and other causes, were daily allowed as a working party, and on the 7tli March the first communication was made between these two stations.
This line was then continued about a mile and a half further into Balaklnvn, but as the two stations were not required at that time it was not used until the 1st April 1855.
The next line was from head quarters to the engineer park, Left attack, continued on to the Light Division picquet house, down the Woronzoff Road, and into one of the caves between the two first parallels of the Right and Left attacks, in all about four and a half miles in length, and was ready for work on the 8th April, although the stations formed at the left engineer park and at the picquet house were opened before; in fact, as the trench was finished up to these points, the wire was at once laid, and communication effected with head quarters.
The next line from head quarters to the monastery of St. George was commenced immediately on the completion of the last, but owing to the working party, which consisted of Turkish troops, being taken away occasionally, and in consequence of the severity of the weather, this line, although little more than three miles long, was not completed until the 1st May, when first communication took place with head quarters.
The next and last line was then commenced from head quarters to Kamiesh Bay, about eight and a half miles long ; this was kept back for the same reasons that delayed the progress of all the other lines, but was eventually in working order on the 16th of June. In all 21 miles of wire had been laid down, and if the extra pieces which had been used as earth wires in each station and for temporary conductors be added, but little was left remaining of the 24 miles originally sent out.
The following were the stations then open :—
Head quarters, chief.
Kamiesh.
Balaklava.
Kadikoi.
Left engineer park.
Left division, head quarters.
Woronzoff Road.
Monastery of St. George.
There were employed as a rule two Sappers and two orderlies to each station, the latter being furnished by the Line ; latterly, however, it was found inconvenient to spare so many Sappers from the trenches, so there was in most of the stations only one Sapper.
They (the Sappers) showed great quickness in learning the use of the instrument, although not one tf the men, with the exception of Corporal Fraser, Royal Sappers and Miners, who had been taught for the purpose before leaving England, had any knowledge of or indeed seen the single needle instrument before, therefore to him is due the credit of teaching all the manipulators.
Sergeant Anderson, Royal Sappers and Miners, was in charge of the telegraph party, and one of the first to learn the use and working of the instrument.
In conclusion I would beg to suggest that, should the use of the field telegraph be extended, it would be advisable to have some stronger protection for the wire than gutta percha alone, as I much doubt the possibility of ever taking up the wire again, at any rate in a fit state for use, or indeed of ensuring it against constant damage, by which all communication between stations will be stopped, particularly in such soil as that in the South Crimea, not even if the wire be three or more feet deep.
I would further recommend for stations of such importance as Head Quarters, the Monastery, Kameish, and Balaklava, that a double needle instrument be used, not forgetting that it will require a double wire ; but the
4 c

570
JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
advantage it has over the single needle instrument is so great (it sending twice as quick), that, where despatches and long messages are sent, it would, in my opinion, he worth the expense of the double needle wire.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient humble servant,
(Signed) Geo. Stopford,
Lieut. R.E.
The instruments required a good deal of attention. The detachment of Sappers employed in working the instruments and reading the messages soon became very expert. Lieut. Stopford, who took great interest in the novel duties he had to perform, established an excellent system, which worked well, and everything was conducted with great regularity.
After the telegraph had been at work a short time the officer in charge considered it desirable to have two riding horses at head quarters, in order to carry on in an efficient manner the duties of the telegraph. To have moved with the army it was calculated that 26 horses at least would be required :—
18 draught.
4 spare.
4 riding.
By the general orders of the 28th March 1855, paragraph 2, Lieut. Stopford was appointed superintendent of telegraphs, acting under the orders of the Commanding Royal Engineer. The instruments at head quarters were placed in a wooden hut erected for that especial purpose; at the Monastery, in one of the rooms of the convent; at the Engineer Park, in a hut; Light Division, in a soldier’s bell tent; trenches, in one of the caves on the side of the Woronzoff Ravine ; Kadikoi, in a common tent; at Kazatcli, in a hut.
The distance between each station was as follows, from head quarters:—
2. Monastery, three and half miles.
3. Engineer Park, four and half miles.
4. Light Division, four and half miles.
5. Caves, four and half miles.
6. Kadikoi, three miles.
7. Kazatcli, seven miles.
Making a total of 18 miles of wire.
The non-commissioned officers and men of the Royal Sappers and Miners employed upon this duty were allowed :—Sergeants to be paid 5s. per diem, and three corporals 2s. 6 cl. per diem.
In the month of June Captain Du Cane, Royal Engineers, was placed in charge of the telegraphs, and subsequently superintended the laying down of the submarine cable between Varna and the Crimea, which was most successfully performed, thus messages were conveyed to Government in about six hours.
At head quarters the instrument may be said never to have been in a state of rest. Towards the close of the siege the Sappers were ordered to be relieved by a detachment of civilians sent from England for the special duty of the telegraph, and consisting of one superintendent, at 8s. 6 d. per

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
571
diem; two manipulators and clerks, at 6s. 6d. per diem; one at 6s. per diem ; seven men, at 4s. 6d. per diem, with rations.
They were allowed two months’ pay as a gratuity on appointment, and one month’s pay in advance on embarking.
This was an extremely bad arrangement. Strangers to the life of a soldier, unconnected with any corps, and ignorant of the common routine of an army, everything had to be found and done for them. The inconvenience of such a system was soon manifested, by some of them falling sick ; others, not liking their duties, applied to go home ; and had it not been that there were Sappers to take their posts the telegraph stations must have been closed until fresh hands arrived from England. It is only justice to the individuals so sent out to state that they all appeared anxious to do then- best. They were, however, sadly disappointed, and soon discovered that a change from a snug station in London to one in the Crimea was very different to a change from London to a station along the Great Northern or Great Western Railways.
A laughable occurrence took place when the batteries opened fire on the morning of the 5th September.
A message was sent to Sir Harry Jones from the manipulator at the telegraph station in the Right attack, to say, “ that if the guns did not cease firing he could not stay there, the noise was so great.” !! !
These men were subsequently transferred to the submarine telegraph establishment, and, on the recommendation of the Commanding Royal Engineer, no more civilians were sent to the Crimea.
In December 1855 the rates of pay for the men employed with the field electric telegraph were as follows: —
The non-commissioned officer in general charge, 5s. per diem.
All other non-commissioned officers or privates in charge of stations, 2s. 6d. per diem.
All subordinate telegraphists, when sufficiently expert, and good scholars, on the recommendation of the commanding Royal Engineer, Is. 6d. per diem.
Men employed repairing the batteries and line, Is. 6d. per diem.
All other telegraphists, Is. per diem.
GENERAL ORDERS.
1855 . No. 2.—The following rations will be issued, daily, for each hut used as a telegraph
March 10. station :—Light, nine rations ; fuel, 15 rations.
October 4. No. 3 _ The following will, for the future, be the allowance of light for the telegraph
station at head quarters :—18 rations.
Extracts from Weekly Reports.
Weekly Report of Field Electric Telegraph.
Field Electric Telegraph Office, 1st October 1855.
The current of the telegraph has been interrupted four times during the past week, generally by the ditches dug in preparation for the winter. I hope, consequently, that when these arrangements are completed the interruptions will not occur.
4 c 2

57 2
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The line was cut on the 26th instant between head quarters and the engineer park, at the 3d division Commissariat stores, where a trench was being dug round one of the buildings ; the interruption occurred during the transmission of a message, consequently there was no delay in the discovery ; it was repaired within an hour, and the line has been since uninjured.
The line to Balaclava has been three times cut during the week ; twice on the 28th, and once on the 30th ult., each time near Kadikoi. The large trench dug by the Army Works Corps crosses the line below Kadikoi, and caused the interruption to the current on two occasions. I sunk the wire about one foot six inches below the bottom of the ditch (as completed), enclosing it in three lengths of iron pipe, kindly supplied by Mr. Beatty.
Most of the crossings of ditches arc so arranged that if from heavy rains the soil is washed away the wire will not be exposed, neither will it be liable to injury should the ditch be subject to repair.
In the case of the large ditch, I have protected the wire on the slopes by means of pipes, but in the case of the smaller ditches only the bottom.
I propose adopting the same measure whenever the wire is cut again at a watercourse, as well as at the watering places, where it is liable to injury from the horses’ hoofs when the soil becomes soft.
The line which was taken up between the Light Division and the Caves I find to be in good order generally, but requiring a little repair in places where the gutta percha has been cut by stones or in taking it up. The conduct of the men has been good.
Extracts from the Weekly Reports by Lieut. Fisher, Royal Engineers, Superintendent of
Field Telegraph.
Extract, 22d October 1855.
The current this morning is complete throughout.
In consequence of the line to Balaklava being so liable to injury I have it tested every half hour, so that any interruption to the current is ascertained early.
Extract, 26th November 1855.
The Balaklava line was cut three times during the past week.
19th._Cut near Kadikoi by a party of the Army Works Corps employed making a drain near the Sardinian
railway.
20tli._Cut twice by the Turks encamped between Kadikoi and Balaklava driving pickets into the
ground.
2ist._Also cut by the same parties making a drain near the same place.
The conduct of the men has been good.
No difficulty was found in taking up the wire. If the soil was light the earth had to be loosened with a pick, and the wire could be drawn out; where the soil was stony it was necessary to clear out the trench, to avoid cutting the gutta percha with which the wire is covered.
The wire was wound on the drum as fast as it was cleared.
(Signed) A. Fisher,
Lieut. Royal Engineers.
The Commanding Royal Engineer, Crimea.
Extract, 3d December 1855.
28th November._The telegraph wire to Kazatch was cut on the 28th ultimo. The spot was with difficulty
found by means of the galvanometer. A large mouse of the short-tail species, which is found here, had made its nest in the ground among seme stones, close by the wire, and was caught by Corporal Fraser when he

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
57 3
was removing the earth. The gutta percha was stripped off the wire for a length of three inches, and the wire itself split, the marks of the animal’s teeth being clearly visible along the whole length.
30th November.—On the 30th instant, same line was cut close to the watering place at the head of Kamiescli Bay by Turks burying a bullock.
Extract, 10th December 1855.
Accordingly I determined to have the whole line thoroughly examined by means of the galvanometer. By throwing off the line wire at both stations, and applying the wire of the galvanometer to any intermediate point in the line, the escape each way is ascertained by the number of degrees to which the needle of the galvanometer is thrown round.
On the 3d and 4tli no leakage was found, but on the 5th a considerable portion of the line was found injured. About four yards of the wire had been covered over with stones, which, becoming heated by the sun in summer, had melted the gutta percha in several places and exposed the wire. Specimen kept, No. 1. I observed that the wire does not always run through the centre of the gutta percha, consequently it is sometimes laid bare by a very slight abrasion of the covering. This defect was in the ravine in the rear of the French head quarters, and caused an escape of 40°.
From this point to Head Quarters the escape is only 40°, whereas to Kazatcli it was much greater, in fact more than could be shown on the galvanometer.
Specimen No. 2.—The gutta percha here was cut off for about an inch ; I imagine some one having found the line had out of curiosity cut through the gutta percha, but on seeing the wire had not wished to do any further damage.
Consequently I proceeded along the line to Kazatcli, and on the 7th instant discovered a leakage with an escape of 40° in the French artillery camp near the French Kamiescli lines.
Specimen No. 3.—On the same day a portion of the line, about one and half miles nearer Kazatcli, was found injured for about four yards, hot ashes having been spread over the ground under which it passed ; escape 90 3 .
Specimen No. 4.—On the 8th a similar leakage of 90° was found near the head of Kamiescli Bay, hot ashes having been spread over the ground to a depth of a foot; the gutta percha had run from the wire for a length of nearly three yards.
This line now, from the place where repaired on the 5th instant, to Kazatcli is in good order, but the leakage of 40° between that point and head quarters remains to be remedied.
In order to make these repairs it has been necessary to suspend the communication with Kazatch.
The line to engineer camp was cut on the 2d by a workman driving a post in the ground, and on the 7th by working parties digging up stones for the roads.
The Balaklava line was cut on the 4tli near the stationary engine by Land Transport men burying a horse, and on the 6tli and 7tli instants, near Kadikoi by horses treading on it in the soft ground.
The line to Balaklava between the stationary engine and Balaklava is very defective, from the great number of joints that have been made in it. If it is likely to be required for long, this portion of the line should be relaid, and a better course selected.
Extract, 17th December 1855.
10th._On the 10th instant the line to Kazatch was cut close to head quarters by men digging a ditch,
and repaired immediately.
On the same day the Balaklava line was cut in the deep ground where the horses descend the hill near the stationary engine to the watering place ; the wire was cut by a horse’s hoof.
12th._The Kazatch line, where it crosses the ravine in rear of the French head quarters, was laid bare by
the heavy rains, the wire was cut, and 10 yards of it carried away ; repaired on the following morning.
13tli.—The same thing occurred on this line near Kamiesch ; seven yards of wire carried away.
Balaklava line was cut on the 13th as on the 10th instant, by the horses going to water.
14 t l lt _Ti ie Kazatcli line was again cut at the bottom of the ravine where the water had almost laid it bare,
and five yards carried away.
The wire was temporarily repaired.

•*574
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Extract, 24th December 1855.
The Balaklava line has been cut six times during the past week, but it has not occasioned any great delay iu the transmission of messages.
17th.—On the 17th instant the wire was broken near the Sardinian railway by the rush of water through a pipe in which it was laid.
18tli.—On the 18th, the wire of the engineer camp line was cut in the ravine through which it passes, by men digging at a drain for the Third Division slaughter-house ; discovered and repaired within less than half an hour.
On the same day the Balaklava wire was cut close to the Kadikoi Station by the men of the Army Works Corps, extending a drain.
19th and 21st.—The same line was cut near the same place on the 19th and 21st instants, at the watering place, by horses’ hoofs ; the wire having been laid bare by the rains at the end of the last week.
Extracts from the Weekly Reports by Lieut. Fisher, R.E., Superintendent of the Field Telegraph.
Extract, 25th January 1856.
A considerable leakage was found within 150 yards of the Balaklava Office.
The wire had been repaired here on a previous occasion, and the gutta perchn had not been sufficiently heated when placed over the point.
Water percolated through the ground at this spot ; which action stripped off a portion of the gutta percha leaf covering the wire.
The remaining lines have been all in good order.
Extract, 18th February 1856.
Telegraph waggon packed completely as for a march, and four mules harnessed to it. The weight proved altogether too much for them. Even by reducing the, number of drums of wire from ttvolvo to eight, and taking off the boat which fits on the top of the waggon, we could not reduce the weight to within the power of the four animals.
I propose dividing the weight originally proposed to be carried on two waggons among three of a smaller kind, called “ ammunition waggons,” so as to render the equipment more manageable. The number of mules demanded for the old arrangement will still be sufficient for this addition to the number of carriages.
Extract, 25th February 1856.
An experiment was made, on the 20tli instant, to try the arrangement of telegraph apparatus on one of the light ammunition waggons. Eight drums were placed on the waggon, with instruments, &c., and four mules were found to draw the load with ease ; the eight drums held about four and a half miles of this wire, which, being stouter than that formerly used, takes up considerably more space. The 24 drums would therefore hold about 14 miles, and be carried in three waggons. Spare coils which we have in store, averaging about 950 yards each, might be carried in the two Malta carts, and on the front of the waggons. The only portion of the old equipment which is not included in this arrangement is the pair of boats which are intended to be carried as covers over the tops of the waggons; the ammunition waggons being shorter the boats do not fit.
However, arrangements might be made for carrying the boats on a separate carriage, if it should be considered indispensable to take them.
The only objection to this is that of the increased number of vehicles, and consequent space they would occupy on the line of march ; however, it would be preferable to have four vehicles, which might be moved with ease, rather than two, which from their weight (unsuitable for such animals as we are likely to get as transport beasts) would prove entirely unserviceable.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
5 75
Extract, 3d March 1856.
24th February.—The wire of the Kazatcli line was discovered to be cut on the 24th at 6 i\m. It was examined and repaired by 10 a.m. the following day. The cut was found to be near the inner line of works round Kamiesh, and caused by French -working parties digging for stone.
28th February.—The Balaklava line was cut near Kadikoi church, by Sardinian working party ; communication stopped 24 hours.
1 st March.—Balaklava line was cut again near stationary engine, by a party of Land Transport Corps, disrsinK a ditch.
CO o
Extract, 10th March 1856.
8th March.—The Balaklava line was cut about 200 yards from the wooden bridge at head of harbour, by a party of Army Works Corps, cutting a drain, repaired immediately.
8th March.—No delay in the transmission of any message occurred.
The Kazatcli line, on being inspected yesterday, was found, as expected, to be laid bare in several places by the streams of water consequent on the rapid thaw. It was put in good order.
Extract, 5tli May 1856.
28th and 29th March.—The wire between the Royal Engineers’ Camp and Light Division was cut on both of these days, by working parties collecting stones. No delay occurred.
30th March.—The Balaklava line was cut midway at the upper watering place in the Kadikoi Valley, 12 yards of the wire were carried away, and one end doubled up and thrust into the pipe. As the ground where disturbed had been carefully replaced, it was some time before the place was found ; and the communication was interrupted from 7 a.m. till 1 f.m.
3d May.—The line was cut again at the same spot, and 12 yards more carried away. Communication stopped one hour and a half.
I have ordered that this line should be tried every quarter of an hour, so as to fix the time of its being cut, in future, between close limits, with the view of apprehending the person before he could cover up the ground again. I am informed that the soldiers when they can get hold of any of the wire contrive to draw out the copper wire, and use the gutta percha covering to make fusible pipe stems.
Extract, 26th May 1856.
24th May.—The line was again cut on the following day, at the spot where it passes through the parapet of the Balaklava lines before descending into the valley leading to Kadikoi. As some of the wire had been carried away, and the person mending it had not a sufficient quantity with him to effect a junction, the circuit was temporarily kept up by means of pieces of hoop iron which were lying near, and a proper joint was afterwards made.
Extract, 2d June 1856.
There were five flaws found in the wire ; in one instance the wire had been cut, and mended again by some person not connected with the telegraph, consequently there was no gutta percha covering over the joint of the wire, causing a leakage of 120° on the galvanometers. A quantity of horse manure had been laid on the ground in a spot where the -wire had not been buried deep enough, and the gutta percha at that place was found to be rotten, and had cracked, and peeled off from the wire in the same place. In another place the same cracking of the gutta percha appeared to have been caused by the heat of the sun, as the wire was laid near the surface, and covered with stones.
The other flaws in the wire caused by the bad joints made on former occasions.

5/6
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Before the Electric Telegraph was laid down, the want of a ready and easy communication with the several corps of the army, trenches, &c. was much required. General Jones, immediately upon his arrival, finding the want of rapid communication between the distant stations and li ead quarters, recommended that some portable semaphores should be established. This having been approved by the Field Marshal, application was made to Admiral Sir E. Lyons, who most readily complied with the request, and ordered a certain number to be made on board the fleet; however, before they were completed, the wires of the electric telegraph were brought into play. A certain number of portable semaphores should always form part of the equipment of an army; they are very inexpensive, portable, and the position of them easily changed when necessary.
The French always carry them with their armies, and after the Malakoff was taken they raised one of their telegraphs on the parapet, by which a communication could be rapidly made to the French head quarters, passing through any of their divisional telegraph stations.
Instructions regarding the Electric Telegraph.
Camp before Sebastopol, Head Quarters.
11th March 1855.
1. It is very necessary that all messages be written legibly in the following form,—
_ Place.
_Date.
_Hour.
From
To _
_Signature of Officer sending.
2. It is also necessary that some restriction should be made as to the number of officers who will be allowed to send messages, as well as to the nature of the message ; and no message can be received at any of the electric telegraph stations unless bearing the signature of the sender, all original messages being kept.
Instructions for the Sapper in charge of the Telegraph Office.
1. He is to be careful that both Sappers are never out of the office together (or too far off to hear the alarum), and he will be answerable for the proper attendance of the orderlies attached to the office, one being always available.
2. All messages are to be signed by the officer sending ; none other are to be received.
All original messages are to be kept, and the Sapper receiving them will file them after attaching his initials to each.
All written messages sent from the different offices nre to be signed by the Sapper sending them, and at the same time he is to enter a copy of them in the register book.
Messages are to be made as short and concise as possible.
These instructions, having been approved by the Commander of the Forces, are forwarded to Lieut. Stopford, K.E. for his guidance, and they are to be strictly enforced.
(Signed) Harry D. Joses,
Major-General, Commanding R.E.
16th March 1855.

JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
5 77
FORTIFICATIONS OF SEVASTOPOL, PL xnr.
The accompanying paper by Major Montagu, Royal Engineers, is a descriptive memoir of the fortifications of Sebastopol, drawn up immediately after the capture of the place. It describes very distinctly the nature and extent of the defences at the close of the siege. Strange as it may appear, there was not a single front that had a revetted scarp or counterscarp, except at Malakoff and Bastion du Mat, which had some short portions roughly revetted with stones, built during the progress of the operations against the place; the sections were scarcely more than would have been given to ordinary field works; it is therefore evident that the strength of Sebastopol did not consist in the works themselves, but must be found in other causes, and those may be summed up in a few words.
The great resources to be found in the naval arsenal, the large force forming the garrison, and the peculiarly favourable formation of the ground around the town and dockyard, which presented several commanding points; also the heavy and long range of their artillery, which enabled a powerful and distant fire to be brought upon the entire extent of ground, upon which approaches would necessarily be made, and which fell rapidly towards the place from the high ground on which Gordon’s and Chapman’s Batteries were established, upwards of 1,100 yards distant, perfectly open in every direction, without a hedge, wall, or anything which could afford cover from the fire of the place, thereby compelling an enemy to commence his operations at more than double the distance usually observed at sieges; added to which the rocky nature of the ground rendered the progress of the trenches slow and difficult of execution. The ravines which divided the attacks were also well brought under fire of the artillery of the body of the place. The great facilities afforded by the indentation of the lines of defence enabled the garrison to multiply, ad libitum, the flanking fire of artillery; there were some guns so admirably placed that they could not be silenced, and caused great annoyance and loss up to the last moment of the siege. The absence of revetments, walls, palisades, and other obstacles to the advance of an enemy, with the exception of a small abattis on the glacis of the Malakoff, Redan, and Bastion du Mat, and without advanced works of any description having been thrown up, induced the garrison to push out its advanced posts in front of the main line as far as possible, by establishing small detachments, from 10 to 15 men, in pits or behind screens, to cover their riflemen, and to such an extent was this carried that ground unoccupied by any description of work in April was subsequently intersected with trenches (PI. xi.) executed in the most perfect manner possible, beautifully revetted with flour barrels, &c. These pits and screens caused great annoyance, not alone by their proximity to the besiegers’ works, but by the deadly musketry fire they were enabled to make from them. So long as the garrison could maintain these posts in advance of the main line, so long might it be considered safe, notwithstanding the weakness of its profile. The Ouvrages Blancs and Kamscliatka Redoubt on the Mamelon, in front of the Malakoff, which were thrown up in February and March, added very much to the strength of the place, and retarded for a long time the progress of the besiegers.
The superiority of parapets made with earth over masonry was fully and clearly shown at Sebastopol, where, after the heaviest fire against them, and when they presented an unshapen mass, they never were so completely destroyed as those made of masonry would have been; the materials of the latter description would have been scattered far and wide, exposing the interior of the work to the besiegers’ fire ; the former were restored during the night, presenting in the morning a well made parapet. It would therefore appear that earthen parapets are not to be destroyed by round shot or shells from guns fired at low angles ; the effect is merely to plough up the parapet, not to level it. Mortars must be employed, which by throwing heavy shells at an angle would cause them to sink
4 D

578
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
deep into the merlons before explosion takes place, and then the parapet would in all probability be destroyed, but the accuracy of fire thus required is difficult of attainment.
Report descriptive of the Town and Fortifications of Sebastopol, by Major Montagu, Royal Engineers, dated ' Sebastopol, 7th December 1855.
When the allies nfter their flank march from the Belbec first took up their position before the south side of Sebastopol but very slight defences against a land attack existed. To remedy this defect and counteract the impending fire extraordinary activity was displayed by the enemy.
Their disadvantages, it must be allowed, were few, and were more than balanced by the numerous circumstances which assisted them in their work ; viz. the city to be defended was the great southern arsenal of guns and ammunition of all descriptions, and the supply of men unlimited.
Complete investment by the allies was impossible, and in consequence, from their rear, unlimited supplies of gabions, fascines, and all the material necessary in the construction of field works could be drawn. Their positions were most commanding, and the lay of the land enabled them to connect their principal works by indented and straight lines, without being exposed to an annoying and enfilading fire. The soil was generally ill adapted for excavation, being mostly of a rocky nature, though here and there small veins of earth were met with. The timber in the dockyard, and the spars of the men of -war vessels gave them an unlimited supply of material for “ bomb proof cover,” gun and mortar platforms and pickets, of which they made great use in the construction of their traverses, and they were enabled to rest both flanks on the water, the left being covered by the harbour, -whilst the right was protected by the sea.
The defences may be divided into six positions, each of which being dependent on that next to it, and the whole connected by irregular curtains and indented lines.
Thus the six portions could be classed, commencing from the Russian Left, PI. xin. :—
1. The Little Redan ;
2. The Malakoff;
3. The Great Redan ;
4. The Flngstnff and Cnrden bntterics ;
5. The Bastion Centrale ; and
6. The Quarrantine and Artillery batteries.
And as the features of the ground in the neighbourhood of Sebastopol are remarkable, consisting of deep ravines and abrupt spurs, running from the high ground with gradual descent to the town, and since these ravines, steep almost to inaccessibility, at a distance averaging from 1,000 to 3,000 yards from their lines, gradually become less abrupt in their section as they fall within their scope, they were a source of difficulty to the allies ; whereas to the Russians they became points upon which to rest the flanks of their large works, and were at the same time not too steep to prevent the connecting lines being canned across them.
Besides this, the ravines were so well kept under fire by the Russian works, that advance by them to turn the flanks of such works was rendered almost impossible.
The ravines which divide the defences are as follows :—
The ravine of Utchakoff separates the Little Redan from the Malakoff.
The ravine of the Karabelnaia, or middle ravine, separates the Malakoff from the Great Redan.
And the ravine from the Woronzoff Road and the Harbour Creek separates the Great Redan from the Flagstaff and Garden batteries.
Whilst the ravine in which lies the road from Sebastopol to Balaklava separates these batteries from the Central Bastion.
This latter work is connected by a crenelated wall with the artillery batteries, the Quarantine Fort and Fort Alexander being detached works in advance of it.
A ravine running parallel to this -wall effectually cut off the French from prosecuting an attack by regular approaches on this section of the town.
The Little Redan, the Malakoff, and the Great Redan, and their connecting lines, defended the Karabelnaia suburb and the dockyard, whilst Sebastopol proper was protected by the Flagstaff and Garden batteries, the

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
579
Bastion Centrale, and Artillery Battery ; and this portion of the town was separated from the dockyard by a deep creek, running far inward, across the head of which was placed a powerful and well flanked battery, called the Creek Battery.
The positions occupied by all the above-mentioned works were on the highest ground between the ravines, but the Malakoff held a commanding position over the whole ; and the Russians, thoroughly appreciating this advantage, spared no labour to make it as strong as possible ; and putting aside all hope of repairing the old white tower, but preserving the circular trace, they threw up a parapet around it, from 12 to 20 feet high, the ditch being about 18 feet deep. This became the salient of an oblong work, the long sides of which were broken into flanks of a strong profile, the entrance in the gorge being protected by enormous traverses, which were also met with, disposed en echelon, in the interior space, the ends overlapping.; indeed to such an extent was this system carried, that when once driven from them, these very traverses, constructed for their own protection, became sources of strength to their assailants.
In the Malakoflf, as in almost every work throughout the Russian defences, the guns were placed about five or six feet above the terrepleine of the enceinte, the ramp to each gun being in rear of it, and in many instances the platforms became the covering of caverns dug under them, which the defenders of the place used to inhabit.
In the Malakoflf, not only were the traverses above mentioned drawn across the enceinte perpendicular to the magistral line, but not a gun in the position exposed to the allies’ counter batteries was without a parados, which in most instances was formed with an elbow to them, the long arm of which became a traverse to the gun to which the short am acted as a parados.
The ditch of the Malakoflf was about 18 feet deep and 12 broad. Owing to its circular trace the salient of this work was not flanked, but the remaining portions of the curve were completely under fire. Some portions of it were revetted with masonry, but the greater proportion was left at the natural slope of the ground, which being of a rocky nature remained nearly perpendicular. Galleries of counter mines were driven from the counterscarp in the direction of the French attack.
To the left of the Malakoflf, and on the contiguous ridge, was situated the Little Redan, which was of a bastion trace, its right flank defending the ground in front of the Malakoff; its right face opposing the French Attack to the right of the Mamelon, its left the French Attack on Mount Lapone. The salient of this work is very open, the faces being in proportion to the flanks. In this work also as in the Malakoff, but in a less degree, the interior space is cut up by traverses and parados, the traverses being between each two guns. The guns are mounted on platforms placed considerably above the level of the terrepleine of the enceinte. But in this work many of the traverses themselves are ramped, and surmounted by small parapets for field guns and musketry, the loopholes for the latter being formed with large sand-bags. In this work also the garrison sought shelter in bomb-proofs constructed under the platforms and traverses.
From the Little Redan in the direction of the harbour the ground is nearly level, as far as the defensible barrack (called by the French La Maison en Croix) but from that poiut to the harbour it slopes very suddenly. This slope, which is the left of the Russian line, has the advantage of the natural defence offered by the Careening Bay which is in its front, but it is also provided with an indented line of moderate profile, principally for musketry. At the point where the aqueduct leading from the Tchernnya to the docks enters the line a small work containing three carronades has been run out, so as to flank it and preclude all probability of its being made of any use to cover an attacking party.
The whole of this line, the prolongation of which would fall as nearly as possible on the Mamelon, is very well traversed ; many of the traverses being four gabions high, and as they are not placed at a greater distance than 20 feet from centre to centre, the trench leading down is amply covered.
On the end of the hill is placed a larger traverse than usual, being five gabions high and of proportional thickness, to protect the hill below from the enfilade fire to which it was exposed from the Mamelon (as every shot from this latter work fired at the Little Redan must have come across in that direction).
On the ridge of the hill running from the Little Redan to the harbour, and parallel to the Careening Creek, are situated “ La Maison en Croix ” and the Laboratory, which buildings have been covered -with earth to make them bomb-proof, and their exposed sides protected by gabions piled one over the other from the ground line to the coping, so that they became available as barracks as well as traverses.
4 d 2

580
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
In front of them arc extensive batteries on an indented trace, the intention of which was to counteract and protect the plateau between the edge of the “ Ravin de Carenage ” and the Little Redan. These batteries again are connected by a simple trench with the Little Redan, but which from its situation, being below the crest of the ridge before mentioned, was not exposed to any fire from the French attack.
The Malakoff and the Little Redan were connected by a curtain, which, running across the ravine of Utcliakoff, completed the left portion of the defences which covered the suburb of the Karabelnaia. The curtain was armed with mortars on the left and gun batteries on its right, while in the centre was situated the sallyport, from which issued the Russian sorties on the French attack. In rear of this curtain was another, similar and parallel to it, and connecting the right flank of the Little Redan with the left flank of the Malakoff.
Thus the space between the two curtains was completely covered by the two flanks above mentioned. This latter curtain was not completed, had it been so, its command over that in front of it would have rendered doubly difficult the French attack and its closing scene.
The spur on the right of the Malakoff is separated from it by the middle ravine, which at this place is deep and rugged, and formed an excellent point on which to rest the flanks of the Malakoff and Great Redan ; but which, filled up at its embouchure by the earth thrown out on making the docks, is no obstacle to the communication between these works or to the interior line of defence, which in every case has been constructed by the Russians so as to connect the retired flanks of the different works.
The Great Redan has large faces, mounting 10 guns in each ; it is well traversed, and has its fire directed on the salient through oblique embrasures.
The construction of the flank towards the Malakoff is an indented line with guns bearing principally on the English Right attack. The guns of the Redan being exposed to an enfilade fire are well traversed, so that but little damage was done by that means ; the great injury having been caused by the vertical fire, the advantage of which was more conspicuous against this than any other portion of the works. The guns of the right face are all well covered from reverse fire, but those of the left are generally without parados. The salient is a barbette, which enabled the Russians to bring a field gun into action in case of an attack, or to fire grape into the trenches of the allies during the night. The right face of the Redan has a flank drawn at an angle of 110°, the ditch of which is in itself flanked by a bomb-proof caponnierc ; from this flank again runs another work connecting the Redan with the edge of the ravine above the Woronzoff Road, and which ends in a 2-gun battery intended to flank that road. The Redan and its flanks have good ditches, averaging 12 feet wide, and deep ; but as the flanks, more especially the left one, are drawn so obliquely to the faces of the work, the defence of the salient depended chiefly on the fire from the Malakoff and Garden Batteries.
The right face of the Redan is prolonged towards the rear, by batteries called the Redan Wall and the Barrack Batteries, to form an interior retrenchment to the Redan flank and its prolongation, but which being a considerable elevation above, the latter were enabled, not only to defend their rear, but also to keep up a simultaneous fire.
The object of the Redan Wall was to fire on the Left attack of the English, and also to flank the Woronzoff Road, whilst the fire from the Barrack Battery was directed principally on the Left attack (English) on the “ Ravin des Anglais ” and flanked also the Creek Battery immediately below it.
The right face of the Barrack Battery being enfiladed by the Right attack is exceedingly well protected, many of the traverses, extending far in rear of the guns themselves, act also as parados, like in the Malakoff.
The left face being directed on the Flagstaff Battery has not so many traverses, but on the contrary, being counter-battered by the English Left attack, it has an enormous parados running along the entire rear of this face. On the side of the hill on which the Barrack Battery was constructed there existed at the commencement of the siege numerous buildings, but which were soon destroyed by the fire from the allies, and as soon as these became ruins the Russians constructed a small Redan with short flanks and ditch, the object of which was to prevent an attack up the sides of the ravine of the Woronzoff Road and “ des Anglais ” on the Redan On one side and the Flagstaff on the other, whilst its flank running immediately to its rear connected it with the Creek Battery.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
581
The Creek Battery formed the connecting link between the Russian defences of the dockyard and Kara- belnaia Suburb and that of Sebastopol proper. It is situated at the head of the Dockyard Creek, and the level of its terreplein was only a few feet above the level of the water, the pathway in rear of the traverses being about 12 feet in width. But, though the connecting link in defence, it was not the only means of communication, as about halfway between the head of the creek and its mouth there was a bridge or raft, which formed the chief road from the dockyard to the town.
The Creek Battery is traced in a straight line with two flanks thrown slightly forward, all the guns firing through embrasures with traverses between each two, in which were situated the magazines and the huts inhabited by the guard, and on either side of the guns were banquettes for musketry.
This battery on account of its situation was but little injured ; it was well flanked by the batteries in the ruined houses on either side, mentioned above ; and having a piece of ground which in rainy weather became a swamp in front, and artificial obstacles, such as an abattis, trous-de-loup, and fougasses of a peculiar description which exploded by the pressure of the foot, this weak point became as difficult of assault as any other portion.
The first point of defence in the system pursued by the Russians for the protection of Sebastopol proper was the spur between the “ Ravin des Anglais ” and the ravine of the road to Balaklava, and forms the site of the Bastion -du-Mat or Flagstaff Battery.
The short curtain on its left and a small work on the ridge of the “ Ravin des Anglais ” forms a sort of bastion trace, the right demi-bastion of which is far larger than that of the left, and this smaller bastion again is carried by an irregular line to the end of the ridge, and from thence is prolonged down the slope until it meets the Creek Battery, ending in what is known ns the Crow’s Foot.
These defences gave great annoyance to all those portions of the attack more directly opposed to it, and it was found from its position on the ridge that all attempts to silence it by vertical fire were of little or no effect, as every shot that did not absolutely fall on the parapet or platforms, fell into the ravine behind, and became harmless.
The Flagstaff Battery consists of two faces of powerful profile, with a wide ditch in front, revetted in some pluces with dry ninsoury, but in others with piles driven firmly into the ground, with sheeting to form the scarp.
In front of the curtain connecting the Flagstaff Battery and Crow’s Nest, &c. there is a wide ditch, the bottom of which is full of trous-de-loup and pitfalls, the ditch extending no further than the Crow’s Nest. To the left of the Flagstaff Battery the steepness of the hill formed a sufficient obstacle to the approach of an enemy; in advance of the left face is, however, a small outwork, with four guns to flnnk the salient; on the right face also there is a covered caponniere to flank the ditch. The battery itself is similar in construction to the batteries already described, except that in this instance there are traverses between each gun, the faces being directed exactly on the French Left attack, and each traverse is turned at its inner end so as to form a parados. There are counter galleries of mines in the glacis, as in that of the Malakoff; and in one place a mine was found after the evacuation ready tamped ; some had been exploded during the siege.
Across the gorge of this battery was drawn an indented line composed of a simple parapet for musketry, with a small ditch in front of it; but from the right face of the battery runs a long flank, on the edge of the hill, broken into flanks and very irregular, connecting the Flagstaff with the Garden Batteries which form a description of cavalier to the former. These batteries are irregular in shape, but are so traced as to flank each other, to throw an overpowering fire into the enceinte of the Flagstaff Battery, and to present a strong face to the English Left attack, and to flank the salient of the next point of defence on the opposite side of the ravine of the Balaklava Road by the Bastion Centrale.
The “ Bastion Centrale ” forms the right demi-bastion of a face of which the Flagstaff is the left, and the two are connected by a curtain, much broken in outline, and which is not of a strong profile ; it has, like the Flagstaff, a long flank, and the two are connected together by three distinct curtains in rear of each other ; and though in natural outline this ravine is weaker than any other, by art, and the wonderful energy which formed the principal character of the defence, it became eventually as strong as any other of the connecting lines.

582
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The Bastion Centrale consists of a large Redan with flanks, and on either flank another smaller work in the form of a Redan, by which the salient of the larger work is completely protected.
A ditch runs round the whole and to the smaller Redan ; on the right face there was a large beam with chevaux-de-frise, and both these works were connected with the bastion by means of caponnieres ; galleries of mines run round the back of the counterscarp, and branches lead into the glacis ; no use was made of them. As in the Bastion du Mat, so in this bastion, each of the faces is carried to the rear by indented lines, connecting it with a powerful retren.chment which acted as a cavalier to the main work. It had the same profile as the Bastion du Mat, but the traverses are not so frequent, nor was it necessary to place parados in rear of all the guns. To all appearance the Bastion Centrale was at one time connected by a crenelated wall with the battery called by the Russians the Artillery Battery and Arsenal.
This crenelated wall was about 12 feet high, six feet thick, with loopholes at every six feet, formed partly on a bastion trace and partly as an indented line ; to a portion of it there was a ditch, but where situated near the edge of a steep declivity it was not provided with any.
The Russians evidently placed but little reliance upon this wall, and had removed part of it next the Bastion Centrale ; preserving, however, the bastion trace, they had converted it into a powerful work, with a profile as strong as that of the adjacent bastion ; but in this work some of the guns were mounted on traversing platforms and fixed over very high genouillieres.
Across the gorge of this bastion is placed a parados, and in rear of this parados and between it and the Bastion Centrale is another powerful entrenched line, with ditch and lofty parapets, but its rear is unprotected, as it was evidently intended to have been joined with the rear of the Bastion Centrale.
This work is not raised much above that in front of it, and is armed for the most part with carronades and mortars. The crenelated wall is, from the converted bastion above mentioned to the Artillery Battery, unbroken by new works, and preserves its bastion and indented trace till it meets the latter work.
In the flanks of the wall are mounted two guns, which fire through a description of demi-casemate, and a parados, in rear of each two guns, contains the powder magazines. Under the banquette of this work the Russians had built hovels of mud, simply covered with tiles, being clear of any fire.
The Artillery Battery forms the extreme right of the Russian line of defence, though in front of it, and at the entrance to the harbour, are situated two other forts complete in themselves, namely, Fort Alexander and the Quarantine Fort.
The Artillery Battery is flanked on the right by Artillery Bay, but its frontage to the land is composed of bastions, whilst a circular portion has been constructed at the extreme point which flanked the coast line between the Artillery Battery and Fort Alexander ; this work forms the only exception in the plan pursued by the Russians in their whole line of defence, for it has not only a masonry escarp, but its exterior slope even is revetted in a similar manner. The flanks of the work are well directed, but the ditch is very insignificant, and has no revetment to the counterscarp. Many of the guns are “en barbette.” Small merlons revetted with gabions have been built between them.
In rear of the curtain, fronting the harbour, has been built an enormous parados, 20 feet high, composed of mud, and the surface of it covered with a preparation apparently made of mud, lime, and horse hair.
Artillery Battery is well provided with magazines, half sunk and covered with enormous timbers and seven feet of earth. The largest magazine was built of masonry with an arch two feet thick, and the whole covered with earth to render it bomb-proof. The rear of this battery is protected by a crenelated wall, running from the left bastion to Artillery Bay, and from the circular portion above described another wall follows the descent of the hill till it meets the Artillery Bay ; thus, this battery, which was intended as a harbour defence, is connected with the whole system, and is itself protected in rear from a coup de main.
In front of the crenelated wall and Artillery Battery are two distinct forts ; one called the Quarantine Fort overlooking the entrance to Quarantine Bay, and the second called Fort Alexander, which is opposite to Fort Constantine, and with that forms the principal entrance to the harbour.
The Quarantine Fort is an irregular four-sided figure, the face next the sea and the two contiguous to it being on a bastion trace, whilst the side nearest to the town defences consists of an indented line with very high parapets. A ditch runs round this work. All the guns on the sea front are mounted “ en barbette,”

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
583
with raised merlons between them. The traverses on this face are very rare, and in one instance there are 11 guns mounted “ en barbette ” on traversing platforms without one of any sort. In every example of Russian traversing carriages, whilst the rear truck runs on traces, the front parts of the platform work on 9-inch bolts placed loosely in an iron groove ; nil the sea-front batteries are provided with shot furnaces of stone, and capable of supplying a large quantity of red hot shot. Great part of the ditch of this work is stockaded, especially that of the curtains, and reaching to the level of the sole of the embrasures they become a blind to guns mounted in their rear.
Fort Alexander is built on a small promontory running into the harbour, and is principally constructed of stone; it has a small circular tower at the extremity of the point, and branching from this a battery built over casemates with the guns “ en barbette ” ; its rear is closed by a gorge wall of weak profile, and looplioled. Between the crenelated wall and the Quarantine Fort, which is so close to the water’s edge as to be almost hidden from the main work by the ridge of the hill in their front, are commenced some more earthworks, which seem to have been intended to connect the Quarantine Fort with the batteries of the crenelated wall; they are in a very unfinished state, and are completely open at the gorge.
During the progress of the siege as wc advanced our batteries the Russians constructed retired ones on the high ground immediately in rear of the Garden and Flagstaff batteries, firing in the same direction but having a greater command ; these commonly went by the name of the Town batteries.
The houses behind which they were constructed were removed on completion. These batteries were heavily armed, and from their retired positions enabled the artillerymen to serve them with precision. In the same way a battery was constructed in the public gardens to fire at long ranges at the shipping, in case they attempted to enter the harbour.
The front of the Naval Barrack was also covered by an intrencliment and armed.
All the streets in Sebastopol and the Karabelnaia district were barricaded and armed with small carronades ; as many of these were known to exist in March, it may be supposed that this work was done directly after the “ battle of Alma,” to resist an attack on tire allies appearing before the town, or to cover a retreat.
The revetments used by the Russians in the construction of their works were of several kinds ; viz., the gabion, fascine, basket work, rough and partly dressed stone, barrels, sandbags, iron tanks, and bricks.
By far the most commonly used was the gabion, of which they had an unlimited supply from the quantity of brushwood in the neighbourhood. The usual size was three feet high by two feet in diameter ; those, however, used for the cheek of an embrasure were often of a larger description, being four feet high, and more stoutly made.
When using them they were firmly fixed and a strong stake driven through each.
In the embrasures especially these stakes were always tied by ropes to strong posts buried at some eight feet distance in the merlon ; this precaution was often taken in common revetments. The traverses in general were revetted with gabions, which in many cases were carried to four and six courses in height, and occasionally from the nature of the requirements even more than this. Great care was taken in fixing them, and often as many as four stakes will be found driven through them, two horizontal passing through three or four gabions to connect them together, and two in a slanting position into the earth work, and at the angles strong posts were often passed through the whole height, and firmly fixed in the earth.
The traverses appear to have been usually crowned at the top with fascines firmly staked, but were seldom used as a revetment by themselves.
The embrasures were generally revetted with two tiers of gabions the entire thickness of the parapet, and in very many cases the work was revetted on the exterior slope of the parapet as well as the interior.
Another method of revetting the interior slopes of the parapets and steps of banquettes, and occasionally traverses, was by basket-work, either by hurdles from 10 to 14 feet long and four feet high for parapets, or one foot for steps, or else by placing stakes formed either from brushwood poles or split deal, and weaving the smaller brushwood. The Russian peasantry are great hands at the work, as in the interior of the country the farm buildings and walls enclosing them are generally made in this manner, from the total absence of other materials.

584
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
This description of revetment gives to the banquette steps between the guns a very neat appearance as well as great strength, which was much needed, as from the height of the parapet four and six steps were often required.
The revetment of traverses by basket-work was always, when adopted, constructed on the ground aud not by hurdles.
Old powder barrels topped with sandbags were only used as a revetment in parapets opposed principally to musketry fire.
The bags were of a much larger description than those in common use in our service, being when filled about one foot nine inches and one foot three inches by seven feet, and consequently not so handy.
Rough stones were sometimes used to revet similar parapets, and if subjected to a musketry enfilade fire they were traversed at every eight or ten feet by single filled gabions placed on the top step and stones piled above it.
Iron water tanks were also used at first as a revetment, and seemed to answer very well. The banquette steps between the guns were very frequently revetted with stone, of which there was a never ending supply, either regularly or roughly squared, and therefore peculiarly adapted for the purpose, and rendering these revetments of a very permanent description. When the top step was about six feet above the ground, small recesses, capable of sheltering one or two men from the weather, were frequently constructed.
The steps of the banquette between the guns at the Creek Battery were constructed of stone, and with five recesses five feet deep between every gun for different sorts of missiles for the guns, and each opening was provided with a shelter.
The escarp of the Bastion du Mat was revetted with strong triangular palisades of about 11 feet high, and firmly fixed into the ground ; it seems to have answered extremely well, and presented a far more formidable obstacle to assault than the escarp of the Malakoff or Redan.
Mantlets.
Of these there were two descriptions used ; one was the side of an iron water tank, about four feet square, with a somieireulnr hole, so as not to need being removed for the purpose of cither pointing or firing the gun.
It was fixed by placing two small rings in the two upper angles, and hung from thence by short ropes to two posts fixed firmly into the ground, one on either side of the cheek of the embrasure. These posts served also the purposes of attaching the breeching tackle for running up the guns when loaded, a plan universally adopted in all the batteries.
The mantlets, however, most commonly used and found to answer best as being quite impervious to bullets, were made of rope of two or three thicknesses according to the size used, and generally from four to five feet square, with an opening at the bottom for the gun. If made of 3^-inch rope there were about 50 courses in width, invariably hanging vertically, and crossed by four or five bands of rope placed at a foot apart, which were stitched at every second vertical rope. The mantlet was hung to a horizontal pole which was fastened to the heads of the two vertical posts mentioned before.
In places however more especially under musketry fire, or behind which there was much traffic, a garland of 3-inch rope, about 12 courses in depth and two or three in thickness, was fitted close to the gun where the sight is attached, having a hole four inches square left so as not to interfere with the pointing of the gun.
The mantlets of the Creek Battery were eight feet six inches long and five feet six inches wide.
Bomb-proofs.
It would appear that bomb-proofs were constructed along the different lines of defence capable of holding under cover the force considered necessary for their defence and service of the guns ; they are found in rear of the parapets and platforms ; sometimes under the latter and very frequently under the former ; also under traverses and parados, and under the parapets forming the communications, and more especially under parapets for musketry fire, in which latter case they are more splinter than bomb-proof.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
585
Holes or long trenches were dug from eight to ten feet deep, covered with timber from one foot to one foot six inches in depth, and if 10 or 11 feet wide supported along the middle, and then covered with earth from four to six feet in thickness. Fireplaces were constructed in them, and the sides in general revetted with stones or planking. The highest of the principal ones was from five to seven feet; the greater height being used when a double tier of men were to sleep in them. One in the Redan was 85 feet long, 11 feet wide, and six feet high, intended for one row of men to sleep over a lower lot.
In places where there was little danger from shells, such as along the lines ascending or descending the ravines, and in those for musketry fire only, small holes were often burrowed out, sometimes even in the solid rock, and capable of holding from one to six or eight men as the ground would permit.
These openings were often covered with old boards and earth and protected from the weather, leaving sufficient space to enable the occupants to creep out.
It would appear from the rubbish found in several bomb-proofs and holes that the men remained several days on duty, and worked at their trades of shoemaking and tailoring, &c.
Bomb-proof cover was sometimes constructed in the counterscarps and ditches, and occasionally in the rifle-pits.
In the Quarantine Fort there was a block-house made of mast timber, having three flanking carronades on the ground level, and stockade loopholes for musketry above, giving accommodation to about 40 men.
Magazines.
These were constructed very similarly to the larger bomb-proofs, and, like them, the walls were revetted with stonework or planking. The excavations, however, were carried deeper, and the timbers used for the cover were from one foot six inches to two feet in depth, and crossed by a second course of beams of similar dimensions, and in several instances these timbers were fixed together by dog clamps, and the whole covered over with earth to a thickness of six feet and more ; if 10 feet in width the timbers would be supported in the middle. In some cases it would appear that at the time of their construction electric wires were laid in readiness to blow them up, as was done to several on the south side; also that the wires first used were covered with a very inferior substance to those which were placed in connexion with the magazines built at the latter end of the siege, consisting of a circular rope of gutta pcrcha, covering three copper wires.
The wires laid down in the Bastion du Mat and Garden Batteries were led to the inside of the Post office opposite the theatre, where it is supposed the voltaic battery was.
The other ends were led and firmly fixed into a powder case full of loose powder, and connected, one at the top and one at the bottom inside the large one, to two small wooden boxes, three inches by two, also filled with powder, in which the wires were fastened to two copper clamps, holding each a piece of charcoal, so close the one to the other as to ignite the instant the connexion was made.
Platforms.
It would appear for their short 32-pounders, and in many cases for their heavy guns, the platforms consisted of only three balks, diverging from the front ; if the splay was great, or the gun very heavy, four would be used ; these were laid on earth, but when over bomb-proofs the space between was occasionally made up with alternate layers of fascines and earth. Their dimensions were very unequal, but averaged about eight inches square ; the planking used was 2^-inch, spiked down ; the size of platform varied very much, but on an average may bo taken as six feet in front and 14 or 15 feet wide in rear, and from 12 to 14 feet long. The carriages were garrion carriages on wheels, their recoil checked as on board ship, for which two strong posts or pollards were firmly fixed in front of the platform, one on either side of the cheek, which also served as before mentioned to attach the mantlets when required.
The slope of the platforms was about six inches. In several of the small carronades placed for the defence of the inner lines of defence, and where the roads were blockaded, the carriages traversed on a plank pin on a short beam let into the ground, and in rear on an old shutter or single plank.
4 E

586
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The very heavy guns, of which the bore measured about 11 inches, were fired from dwarf traversing platforms, laid with great care.
As regards the obstacles opposed to an attack, the Russians used abattis, trous de loups, boards studded with spikes, &c.
Sometimes the ground over which an attack might be expected was covered with holes three or four feet in diameter, and occasionally boards studded with four-headed barbs five inches long. In cases where the ground that was covered with holes could not be seen till the assailants arrived at them, as in the case of the ditch in front of the curtain on the left of the Bastion du Mat, stones were piled on the places not cut, which must cause great hindrance to the attacking party.
Planking studded with 5-incli spikes was laid down and carefully pegged on the glacis in front of the caponniero of the Bastion du Mat, about 18 feet from the counterscarp, four feet in width, and about 100 feet in length, slightly covered with earth, so as not to catch the eye.
Fougasses of the following description were also laid in front of the most probable points of attack ; they consisted of powder boxes about 1' 6" cube sunk into the ground, so that a board supported at a height of six inches above it by two slight pieces of bent iron was level with the ground ; a glass tube confined in a tin tube a very little shorter was placed on the box and under the board, and containing a chemical preparation which ignited the powder in the box with which it communicated when broken by the pressure of the foot on the upper board.* It would appear that the advanced Russian sentries always formed cover for themselves, commencing by bringing stones and laying them in a horse-shoe shape, and eventually excavating as the ground would permit. This would be continued by each sentry in succession till good cover was afforded, when a second would be commenced adjoining, and eventually very often a series. Sometimes these were detached and afterwards joined together as in the case of the Quarries.
During the progress of the siege the Russians formed counter-approaches, with boyaux and parallels, and small advanced works. Riflemen stationed in these gave great annoyance. Sometimes, as in the case of the Bastion du Mat, large rifle-pits were formed, or caves in the rocks occupied by riflemen. When the allies got possession of the advanced Russian boyaux and parallels they, in many instances, were enabled to use them by reversing the parapet, the Russians not having always taken the precaution of tracing them so as to be enfiladed by their main works.
Mortar Platforms.
The mortar beds being of wood, eight feet long and two feet six inches wide, the platforms sometimes consisted of simply five beams, ten feet eight inches long by eight inches wide, let flush into the ground. And for firing at night, there was a semicircular bar of |-incli iron, joined firmly in front of the transom, which, by embracing a bolt of similar dimensions fixed in the front sleeper, required only a notch in the rear sleeper to give most accurate firing. On the mortar itself a circle five inches in diameter round the vent, and a line half an inch in width along the line of light, was painted white.
Mortar batteries were very few in number and generally in rear of the works, covered by a horse-shoe shaped parapet, and so well placed under cover that they could not be touched except by vertical fire. In some cases, and especially in all the smaller mortars, a very large platform was made capable of using two or three or even more at a time. Along the parapets of the Redan where a sallyport existed four small guns on swivels fixed into the ends of masts, to fire over the parapets, have been found, which one may suppose were to be fired in case the allies had attempted to follow up a sortie made by the defenders.
* PI. XI.

JOUENAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
58 7
List of Guns in Position on Russian Works.
Cannons.
Mortars.
©
Total Number.
c
J
Position.
11-inch Guns.
8*inch Guns.
G8-pounders.
i
*§
a
3
g,
e£
lA
42-poundcrs.
36-pounders.
i
©
'P
o
c.
ec
e
©
'P
P
P
a
*
i
O)
73
1
00
i
©
'P
P
P
o
a
4
Field Pieces.
73
S
3
a
$
24-pounders.
E
©
'P
c
3
1
Small.
13-inches.
©
■s
c
o
8-inches.
Cochorns.
bO
s
3
t-
a
cn
3
o
Wall Pieces.
Guns.
Cannons.
Mortars.
Little Redan and Malakofr
—
7
26
—
—
73
—
61
—
—
14
3
79
53
12
4
7
19
—
Redan, Barrack Battery, and flanks of ditto, •
-
13
-
-
77
18
8
25
16
-
42
-
4
7
—
5
4
—
10
—
5
Creek Battery •
3
Garden and Flagstaff Batteries
1
9
-
-
20
-
76
-
8
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
7
7
1
Bastion Centrale, as far as breach in wall
1
4
-
-
15
—
50
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
4
3
2
4
6
12
8
'968
209
57
From breach to the sea, including Fort Alexander
-
28
-
5
141
-
40
2
3
-
-
-
-
20
2
4
3
-
2
5
6
Art works, including Quarantine Fort -
2
8
-
2
59
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
1
-
3
-
-
Town batteries
-
2
_
-
29
-
32
-
-
-
2
-
-
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
4
71
26
i
7
341
91
221
! 96
27
-
eo
3
S3
57
66
SO
16
11
47
24
23
Grand Total.

588
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Observations on the Position of Balaclava.
It might havi been better to have confined this Report to the distinct position of Balaclava.
(Signed) J.F.B.
It is hardly correct to call this continuous line objectionable, because it is very useful, and the only kind that could be made rapidly in rocky ground; it is a fighting position, for a very large force on strong ground.
(Signed) J.F.B.
It would be most desirable to improve the defences of the ■whole of this right flank whenever working parties can be obtained for the purpose.
(Signed) J.F. B.
I consider the extreme right, the salient point above mentioned where the line trends away to the left, and Sir Colin Campbell’s redoubt, as the most important points in the position to be attended to.
(Signed) J.F.B.
Head-Quarters, 18th February 1855.
The position of Balaclava, covering the town and harbour of the same name, is of twofold importance ; firs t,as regards the safety of the stores and shipping laying there, and secondly, as being in advance of the right flank of the position on which the allied army is encamped looking to the south.
The position is very strong on the right by the natural features of the ground, which are bold and commanding, rapidly falling to the left into the plain. About the centre of the position the ground trends away to the left, forming a salient point, which is very favourable for establishing a good flanking fire for artillery up the ravine towards the right, and sweeping the low' ground towards the left. Unfortunately this configuration of the ground divides the position into two parts by preventing the defenders from seeing what is passing on either flank and from affording mutual support to each other when required.
The system of defence .adopted is that of a continuous line of intrenehment from the right on the sea, down the heights of Balaclava, crossing the gorge of the valley, ascending the heights to the grand plateau, on which the army is encamped, along the crest of the hill, round to the heights of Inkerman, with a few small and scarcely defensible redoubts a short distance in rear of the line of intrenehment; at intervals open batteries of artillery are placed, firing upon the plain below them.
This short description of the position appears necessary to understand the following observations respecting it.
A continued line of intrenehment nine miles in length must bo considered as very objectionable, as there are not any strong enclosed works as points of support. Should an enemy force any part of the line all the remaining portions would be turned.
The position must be considered as strengthened, but in a very slight degree, by the works which have been thrown up for its defence. If time permitted, and it was considered desirable, some modifications of the existing line might be made.
The very great importance of the position of Balaclava renders it imperative to make it as strong as possible. With this view, the redoubt on the right should be made with a good profile, so that it may be held as long ns possible after an enemy may have forced his way through any part of the line of intrenehment. A heavy battery, say of six guns, should be formed on the small projecting ridge, a few hundred yards to the left, so as to fire upon any body of men who may advance upon the connecting ridge which joins the Balaclava heights. A better disposition of the guns might be made instead of being scattered so much as they are at present. The redoubt near Sir Colin Campbell’s head-quarters to be made as strong and defensible as possible ; the small elevated feature about 300 yards in advance of this post, should have its crest prepared to receive a small body of infantry, as the ground in front is not seen by any guns within the intrenclunents, except at

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
589
The ground is so strong on the left, and so powerfully supported hy the whole army on the great position, that I should not apprehend any attack on that side, nor even a threatening. It would be difficult to support the right flank from below, hut from thence easy to move down to any part of the position; that flank should accordingly always have a large force upon it.
(Signed) J.F.B.
a very long range, tlie fire from which would he very ineffectual. A good enclosed work should be made upon the high ground on the left of the entrance to Balaclava, in order to secure the left flank.
The two hills immediately above the town should be prepared for occupation, and a deep cut should be made between them to prevent au enemy who may have passed the intrenchments from forcing his way into the town and destroying the shipping and stores.
The occupation of these hills must be considered of very great importance.
The nature of the position is such that a very strong force is necessary. An enemy would no doubt threaten both flanks with heavy columns at the same moment, thereby requiring the general in command to be prepared with a force equal to defend the two points threatened during the whole time the enemy was in force in his front.
As before observed the ground would not permit of supports being moved from one flank to another.
A strong reserve should be posted in the low ground in front of the two hills covering the town and harbour.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major General Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Field-Marshal Lord Raglan, &c. & c. &c.

590
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
DESPATCHES.
(From the London Gazette of Tuesday, 21st December 1855.)
War Department, 20tli December 1855.
Lord Panmure has received from the Field-Marshal Commanding-iu-Chief the reports, of which the following are copies, addressed by Lieutenant-General Sir Harry D. Jones to General Sir James Simpson, K.C.B. :—
Sir, Head-Quarters, Sebastopol, 9th September 1855.
The long and eventful siege of Sebastopol having been brought to a successful termination, I beg leave to draw your excellency’s attention to the services of the officers of Royal Engineers, who have been employed in carrying on the siege works.
Many of these officers have been continuously on duty since the 8th of October last, and have been in the trenches 76, 97, nnd 108 days and nights.
I beg leave to mention the name of Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman, C.B., who has been employed with the army since the arrival of the first detachment at Galipoli ; and, since March last, when Colonel Gordon was wounded, and unable to perform the duties of the siege as senior officer of engineers, he has had to make all the necessary arrangements for the daily carrying on of the duties ; this has been performed by him in the most zealous and energetic manner, under great exposure to fire, to my entire satisfaction. Major Bent has been doing the duty of director of the Left attack since March last; the duties of that officer are very onerous, and these he has performed in a most zealous and praiseworthy manner. During the above period Major Bent must have been under fire twice, if not thrice, in every 24 hours. Captain Brown, who was recently severely wounded, performed for some time the office of director of the Right attack, and so has also Captain Cooke.
Captain Ewart, the Adjutant of the Sappers and Miners, has carried on the duties of the parks, which are extremely troublesome nnd requiring great attention, in the most zealous nnd satisfactory manner.
I do not trouble your excellency with the names of the subalterns of engineers, as they are not eligible for promotion under the existing regulations.
Nothing could exceed the zealous nnd praiseworthy manner in which they have invariably performed their duties.
Several have been more than once wounded, and many have died from wounds, or from sickness caused by exposure to the great heat in the trenches.
I wish to bring prominently under your notice Major Bourchier, my brigade major, who has rendered me very great assistance throughout the whole siege, and Lieut. Cowell, my aide-de-camp, who has during the siege proved himself most useful by his professional knowledge as an officer of Royal Engineers, and by his general military acquirements. Of the assistant engineers I cannot speak too highly in praise of the zeal and intelligence they have displayed, and I beg leave to enclose the names of those who, from their long service at this siege, I consider deserving of promotion.
I have, &c.
(Signed) II. D. Jones,
Lieut.-General, Comdg. Royal Engineers.
His Excellency General Simpson, Commauder-in-Cliief.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
591
Head-Quarters, Sebastopol, 16th September 1855,
List of Officers of the Corps of Royal Engineers, and of Officers acting as Assistant Engineers, recommended for promotion, as called for by confidential Memorandum, dated the 15th of September 1855.
Royal Engineers.—Lieut.-Colonel Chapman ; Majors, Bent, E. F. Bourchier, and E. Stanton ; Captains, the lion. II. F. Keane, F. C. Hassard, J. M. Browne, W. W. Montagu, A. C. Cooke, E. C. De Moleynes, L. J. A. Armit, C. B. Ewart, W. Porter, L. Nicholson, C. II. Sedley, P. Ravenhill, and G. Ranken.
Assistant Engineers.—Majors, C. F. Campbell, 46th Regiment, and S. R. Chapman, 20th ; Captains, G. Wolseley, 90th, and L. W. Penn, Royal Artillery ; Lieutenants, W. Sheehy, 64th Regiment, P. M. Jones* 46tli, and J- J. Grinlinton, 4th Regiment.
List of Medical Officers attached to the Royal Engineers and Royal Sappers and Miners recommended
for Promotion.
Second Class Staff Surgeon G. Hyde, M.D., and Assistant Surgeon J. F. Longhead, Rifle Brigade.
These two officers have been particularly zealous and attentive in the discharge of their duties.
Second-class Staff Surgeons II. C. Walshe, M.D. and E. S. Protheroe ; Assistant Surgeon G. Sharpe, O.M.D.
(Signed) II. D. Jones, Lieut.-General, Comdg. Royal Engineers.
Extract from Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Jones’s, K.C.B., Report to General Simpson.
Sir, Head-Quarters, Sebastopol, 20th September 1855.
This long siege of 337 days having been brought to a successful termination, T am desirous to bring under your excellency’s notice the services of a most gallant and zealous body of officers.
I allude to the subalterns of the Royal Engineers, who from the constitution of their corps, in which promotion goes by seniority, are never promoted into other branches of the service, which was the reason why I did not include in my recommendatory list the names of those individuals who have particularly distinguished themselves, trusting to the opportunity which would be afforded me of bringing their names forward specially.
During the recent siege the duties of the trenches fell very severely on the subalterns of engineers ; throughout the whole of the winter they were constantly on duty, and as their numbers were small the tour of each individual returned at short intervals ; nothing but great zeal nnd spirits carried them through the severe work they had to perform.
The following short statement will enable your excellency to see how a subaltern of engineers -was called upon to do duty in the trenches, several more than once wounded, and others contused. The following figures refer to some of the survivors :—
33 days or nights,
108
11
11
32
+1
11
46
ft
11
97
11
11
62
11
11
65
11
11
78
11
If

592
JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
It must be borne in mind that these tours of duty always brought the individual under fire, and in the winter months they were exposed to all the severities of the season.
Several of the subalterns distinguished themselves on several occasions upon the attacks in rifle-pits, quarries, &c.
Such services, I trust, will not be allowed to pass without reward.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones, Lieut.-General, Commanding Royal Engineers.
The following are the names of the officers who particularly distinguished themselves :—
Royal Engineers.—Lieutenants De Yere, A. C. Fisher, II. C. Elpliinstone, G. Neville, W. 0. Lennox, AV. C. Anderson, G. Graham, G. Philips, C. N. Martin, C. G. Gordon, and J. F. Donnelly.
Minute of Inspector General of Fortifications.
I would strongly recommend Lieutenants Stopford, Cowell, Pratt, and Drake being added to this list.
(Signed) J. F. Burgoyxe,
Lieutenant-General, Inspector-General of Fortifications.
I can most conscientiously corroborate every word expressed by Sir Harry Jones in this letter. The arduous and always dangerous duties in which the Engineer Officers were continually employed have all along during this siege been deserving of my praise and admiration. Their untiring perseverance and frequent acts of gallant conduct are beyond all praise. And I here desire to record my high approbation of these officers, named by Sir Harry D. Jones, and my strong recommendation of them to Viscount Hardinge’s favour.
(Signed) James Snirsox,
General Commanding.
From Major-General Harry D. Jones to the Inspector General of Fortifications, reporting the Death of certain Officers killed in action with the enemy on the 18th June 1855.
Head-Quarters, Camp before Sebastopol,
Sin, 19th June 1855.
I have the honour to report, and with deep regret I do so, that in the unsuccessful assault which was made yesterday upon the enemy’s works the following casualties occurred among the officers of Royal Engineers who were employed with the several columns of attack, viz.:—
Captain AV. II. Jesse killed, 1st Lieut. James Murray died of his wounds, Lieut. P. M. Graves killed, and Lieut.-Colonel Tylden very severely wounded in both legs. He is, I am glad to say, in a favourable state this morning, and nothing serious, I trust, is to be apprehended. The loss of an officer of such tried valour, experience, and energy would be great, and I may say irreparable.
Brigade-Major Bourchier received a severe contusion in the arm from a grape shot, which will not prevent him from performing his duties.
To make such frequent reports on such a painful subject is to me most distressing ; the loss of so many brave officers is to be deeply regretted, more particularly when all appear to be animated with such a noble spirit of emulation, and all anxious for distinction. As an officer of engineers, I have great reason to be particularly well pleased with the zeal and ability which all the officers under my command have displayed, and continue to display, in the discharge of the laborious duties they are required to perform.
The Royal Sappers and Miners continue to distinguish themselves by their gallantry and good conduct. A list of the casualties among them during the assault yesterday is herewith enclosed.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, Comdg. Royal Engineers.

JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
593
BRIGADE ORDERS.
1855 . Par. No. 1.—The grave having closed upon those gallant officers who nobly fell in the
Tune 20 . performance of their duty in the attack of the 18tli instant—
Major-General Jones is anxious to place on record the high opinion he entertained of the conduct of Lieutenants Murray and Graves, who throughout this long siege conducted themselves with a zeal, courage, and intelligence highly to be admired.
The calm courage under fire of Lieutenant Murray, and the exemplary manner in which he performed his duties, gained for him the good opinion of his superior officers, and held forth promise, if his life had been spared, of becoming a distinguished ornament of his profession.
The spirit, zeal, and courage of Lieutenant Graves was on all occasions highly conspicuous. The amiability of character of the above-named officers made them beloved and respected as companions, and renders their death the more to be regretted.
Captain Jesse had distinguished himself in Southern Africa, and gave promise by his conduct and intelligence of becoming a most valuable officer, and whose services would have proved highly useful during the progress of the future operations.
The Major-General deeply regrets the severe wounds received by Lieutenant-Colonel Tylden, which will deprive him for the present of the valuable services of that most excellent officer.
The Major-General has also to regret the casualties among the Royal Sappers and Miners, who appear on this as well as on previous occasions to have behaved with remarkable steadiness and gallantry.
4 K

APPENDIX.

CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX.
No.
Subject.
Page.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Return of the General and Staff Officers at present serving in the Crimea, under the Command of Field-Marshal Lord Raglan, G.C.B., &c. &e. &c.
Monthly Returns of the Officers of Royal Engineers and Companies of Royal Sappers and Miners encamped before Sebastopol between February and September 1855.
Numerical Return of the Royal Engineers, Assistant Engineers, and Royal Sappers and Miners.
Return of the Killed in Action and Died of Wounds of the British Army in the Crimea—General Total of all Arms.
Return of Officers of the Royal Engineers who served during the Siege of Sebastopol.
Return of Officers of all Services who served with the Royal Engineers as Assistant Engineers during the War with Russia.
Return of the Officers Royal Engineers, and Assistant Engineers, Wounded during the Siege of Sebastopol.
Return of the Officers Royal Engineers, and Officers acting as Assistant Engineers, Killed or Mortally Wounded during the Siege of Sebastopol.
Return of the Officers, Royal Engineers, who died of Disease or by Accident in the Crimea.
Return of the Noncommissioned Officers and Privates, Royal Sappers and Miners, Killed and Wounded at the Siege of Sebastopol, from February to September 1855.
List of Entrenching Tools and Stores at Balaklava, from 10th February 1855 to 8tli September 1855.
List of Tools, &c. in the Possession of Royal Engineer Department
Statement of Stores and Tools issued for Service from June to 29th July 1855
Gabion Report—Royal Engineer Park before Sebastopol -
List of Materials furnished to the Two Attacks from 15tli to 25th April 1855, both Days inclusive.
Memorandum of Sandbags forwarded to the Royal Engineer Park from 1st March to 8th June 1855.
List of Materials furnished to the Two Attacks between the 26th and 30th April 1855, both days inclusive.
Memorandum respecting the Mule Equipment attached to the Royal Engineers during the Russian War.
Report of the Siege Record Board on the Works constructed before Sebastopol ; made by order of Lieut.-General Sir Harry Jones, K.C.B., commanding the Royal Engineers, and accompanied by his Observations.
Return of the Armament of the English Batteries at the Commencement of each Bombardment at the Siege of Sebastopol, and the Expenditure of Ammunition during each Bombardment.
A Requisition from the Trenches !
597
599
600
600
601
604
605
606 606 607
611
613
613
614
615
615
615
616 620
638
638

APPENDIX
No. 1.
Return of tlie General and Staff Officers at present serving in the Crimea, under the Command of
Field-Marshal Lord Raglan, G.C.B., &c. &c. &c.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 1st February I8oo.
General or other Officers in Command.
Aides-de-Camp as attached.
Majors of Brigade as attached.
Rank and Names.
j Station.
Rank and Names.
Regiment.
Rank and Names.
Regiment.
Field-Marshal Commanding- in-Chief, Field-Marshal Lord Raglan, G.C.B.
Crimea
Lieut.-Col. Lord Burghersli • ,, P. Somerset
Capt. S. Kingscote
Lieut. Hon. S. G. Calthorpc -
Unattached.
Cold. Guards.
Scots F. Guards. 8th Hussars.
—
-
Military Secretary, Lieut.-Col. T. Steele, Coldstream
Guards.
•>
Capt. Hon. L. Curzon (Asst. Military Secretary).
Rifle Brigade.
—
—
Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. F.Burgoyne, G.C.B.
-
Capt. Stopford - „ Burke - -
R. Engineers.
88th Foot.
—
—
Lieut.-Gen. Sir Geo. Brown, K.C.B., K.H.
Bt.-Major Neville
Scots F. Guards.
—
—
Lieut.-Gen. Sir R. Erusland, K.C.B.
Capt. O’Keefe -
Lieut. England ...
4th Lt. Dragoons. 55th Foot.
—
—
Lieut.-Gen. the Earl of Lucan
tt
Capt. Lord Bingham
Cold. Guards
Capt. Tomkinsou
Unattached.
Major-Gen. Hon. J. Y. Scarlett
tt
„ Hon. IV. Scarlett
Lieut. Elliott •
Scots F. Guards - 5th Dragoon G uards
Major Connoliy
■■
„ Lord Rokehy
“
Capt. Hori. W, Wellesley
Lieut, Brittle ...
Cold. Guards
U. H. Guards.
Bt.-Major C. J. Ellison
Gren. Guards.
Lieut.-Gen. Sir C. Campbell, K.C.B.
,
„ C. E. Mansfield
33d Foot
Bt.-Liout.-Col. Hon. R. Rollo - „ „ Thackwell
42d Foot.
22d „
Major-Gen. W. J. Codringtou -
"
„ Hon. J. AV. Campbell -
Rifle Brigade
Capt. Newdigate (acting)
Rifle Brigade.
„ Sir J. Campbell,
Bart.
tt
„ Snodgrass - Capt. G. Hume -
38th Foot
Bt.-Major J. L. Daniell
3Sth Foot.
Major-Gen. G. Bullcr, C.B.
»»
„ Hon. H. Clifford
Rifle Brigade
„ Glyu
Rifle Brigade.
„ TV. Eyre, C.B.
„ Graham -
41st Foot
„ Hon. A. Hope
60th Foot.
„ H. \V. Barnard
„ AA*. Barnard
Grcn. Guards.
—
—
Lieut.-Col. Dacrcs, commanding R. Artillery.
"
Bt.-Major Hamley „ S. E. Gordon
U. Artillery
„ Hon. H. E. Gage -
R. Artillery.
Lieut.-Col. E. C. AVarde
»
Commanding Siege Train
-
—
—
„ Dickson
-
Commanding Artillery, Right Attack.
—
—
—
Capt. Shaw
•*
Commanding Artillery, Left Attack.
—
—
—
Bt.-Major J. Adyc
tt
Asst.-Adjutant-General
R. Artillery.
—
-
Lieut.-Col. J. TV. Gordon
>•
Commanding Royal Engineer
—
Capt. E. F. Bourchier, R.E. (acting).
„ Tyldcn, R.E., Director of Right Attack.
tt
—
—
—
—
Brevet-Major Chapman, R.E., Director of Left Attack
tt
—
—
—
—
Major-Gen. Sir Harry D. Jones, appointed to command the - R. Engineers, 8 February 1855.
tt
I
Lieut. J. Cowell -
„ R. O’Brien Jamieson -
R. Engineers.
2d Life Guards.

598
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
No. 1.—Return of the General and Staff Officers at present serving in the Crimea, &c .—continued.
Staff Officers.
Nature of Appointment.
Rank and Names.
Adjutant-General
Aide-de-Camp
Assistant Adjutants-Gcncral
Quartermaster-General
Aide-de-Camp
Assistant Quartermasters-General
Deputy Assistant Adjutants or Quartermasters General
Queen’s Commissioner at the French Head- Quarters.
On Special Sendee at the French Head-Quarters
Major-General J. B. B. Estcourt Brevet-Major C. D. Morel
Colonel W. Sullivan Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. W. Pakcnham Wilbraham
R. Blanc J. Wood J. Stirling
S. Brownrigg J. Adye
Major E. C. Shute ... „ H. Smith
Major-General R. Airey Lieutenant H. Jervoise
Colonel Cunyngham Lieuteuant-Colbnel Hon. A. Gordou Lieutenant-Colonel P. E. Herbert „ Mayew
„ J. T. Airey
Hon. F. Colborne
Colonel Wymlliam
Major Shadwell ...
„ WctlieraU - „ Hon. A. Harding „ J. Hackett
„ Sankey ...
„ C. Woodford „ J. A. F. Kirkland „ A. S. Wortley .. K. G. Hal low oil „ Hamilton ...
„ E. Fellowes ... Brevet-Major C. L. B. Maitland Captain C. Layard •
„ Sir C. Russell, Baronet „ J. A. Ewart „ R. W. Lowry -
Major-General H. H. Rose, C.B.
Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. St. G. Foley Brevet-Major Claremont
Regiment.
- Unattached.
- 07th Foot.
- Unattached.
* M
. ISth Foot.
- Unattached.
- Grenadier Guards.
- Royal Artillery.
- 6th Dragoons.
- 3d Foot.
- Unattached.
- 42d Foot.
- Unattached.
. Grenadier Guards.
- 43d Regiment.
- Unattached.
- Coldstream Guards.
- 35th Foot.
- Unattached.
- 19th Foot.
- Scots Fusilier Guards. . Coldstream Guards.
- 77th Foot.
. 47th Foot.
. Rifle Brigade.
- 21st Foot.
1st Dragoon Guards.
- 28 th Foot.
. 47th Foot.
. 12 th Light Dragoons.
. Grenadier Guards.
. 38th Foot.
. Grenadier Guards.
. 93d Foot.
. 47th Foot.
Unattached. Royal Can. Rifles.
Instructor of Mini6 Rifle practice
Major Lane Fox
Grenadier Guards.
Aide-de-Camp to Sir E. Lyons, Bart., Naval Com- m&nder-in-Chief.
Captain R. W. Pearson .....
7th Foot.
Deputy Judge Advocate
W. G. Romaine, Esquire, Commissariat Department.
—
Commissary Generals
W. Filder, J. W. Ramsay.
—
Deputy Commissary Generals
G. Adams, W. H. Drake.
—
Medical Department:—
Inspectors General.
J. Hall.
A. Cumming.
—
Deputy Inspectors General
D. Dumbrcck, M.D.
W. Linton.
J. Forrest.
W. E. Humfrey.
D. Henzies.
R. Lawson.
J. Alexander.
--
Chaplain •
Reverend H. P. Wright.
—

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
599
No. 2.
Monthly Returns of the Officers of Royal Engineers ami Companies of Royal Sappers and Miners encamped before Sebastopol between February and September 185d.
Royal Engineers.
Assistant
Engineers.
Royal Sappers and Miners.
Casualties.
Officers.
Privates.
Killed.
Wounded.
Died
in Hospital.
Months.
Number of Companies
General Officers.
Field Officers.
Captains.
Lieutenants.
Staff.
Field Officers.
Captains.
-2
i
1
1
Non-commissioned Officers.
Buglers.
Effective.
; Sick.
On command.
Officers. |
Non-commissioned Officers.
Privates.
Officers.
t
3
©
o
a
.2
1
|
o
Privates.
Officers.
Nou-commissioned Officers.
Privates.
Remarks.
February
8
2
4
9
21
—
—
—
—
24
13
359
59
99
2
—
3
3
March *
8
2
3
8
19
-
-
-
-
36
16
392
43
111
1
-
-
1
-
3
-
-
3
One officer taken prisoner.
April •
3
1
4
10
16
7
-
-
-
44
14
401
35
99
4
2
9
7
3
3
-
-
6
May
8
1
4
8
16
7
-
-
-
35
14
399
45
60
1
1
2
-
1
4
-
i
15
June -
8
1
4
8
14
7
-
-
-
35
14
343
61
110
6
4
11
5
8
19
-
3
7
—
July
0
1
5
10
12
5
-
-
-
36
15
406
91
88
-
1
5
4
4
12
-
1
4
One officer taken prisoner.
August * •
9
1
4
11
13
7
-
-
-
36
16
400
90
78
-
1
4
3
7
7
-
-
9
September -
9
1
3
10
16
5
1
4
4
33
16
386
64
77
2
3
4
3
4
9
—
—
6

600
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. 3.
Numerical Return of the Royal Engineers, Assistant Engineers, and Royal Sappers and Miners.
Strength of the Corps in Non-com- missioned Officers and Men with the Army 9th May 1855.
No. of Non-commissioned Officers and Men who joined from England prior to 9th September 1855,
exclusive of previous Column.
No.
of Men killed or died up to 9th
September
1855.
No. of Men invalided or who became non-effective from other causes prior to 9th September 1855.
No.
of Men remaining in the Crimea on 9th September 1855.
Royal Engineers.
Assistant
Engineers.
Royal Sappers ! and Miners.
Total of Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and Men killed, wounded, died of disease, wounds, &c.
No. of Officers who died of
disease,
killed,
&c.
No. of Officers wounded.
No. of Officers killed.
No. of Officers wounded.
No. of Non-commissioned Officers and Men killed and died of Wounds.
No. of Non-commissioned Officers and Men wounded.
403
532
218
119
598
21
14
2
6
54
102
199
No. 4.
Return of the Killed in Action and Died of Wounds of the British Army in the Crimea.
General Total of all Arms.
!
i _
Killed in Action.
Died of AVounds.
Officers.
Non-commissioned Officers.
Drummers and Rank and File.
Officers.
Non commissioned Officers.
Drummers | and Rank |
and File.
157
161
2,437
80
85
1,848
i

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
601
No. 5.
Return of Officers of the Royal Engineers who served during the Siege of Sebastopol.
Ttank and Names.
Lieut.-General Sir J. Burgoyne Br.-Geueral W. B. Tylden
Major-General Sir II. D. Jones Lieut.-Colonel C. C. Alexander
Capt. J. W. Gordon Made Major, Lieut.-Colonel, Colonel, and Aide-de-Camp to the Queen, and C.B.
Capt. F. E. Chapman Made Major, Lieut.-Colonel, Colonel, and C.B.
Major R. Tylden Made Lieut.-Colonel, Colonel, and Aide-de-Camp to the Queen, and C.B.
Capt. G. Bent
Made Major, Lieut.-Colonel, and • C.B.
Cnpt. II. C. C. Owen Made Major, Lieut.-Colonel, and C.B.
Capt. A. D. Craigie Capt. lion. II. F. Keane Made Major.
Capt. E. J. Gibb Made Major.
Capt. F. C. Hassard Made Major.
Capt, W. M. Inglis Capt. J. W. Lovell Made Major and C.B.
Capt. W. II. Jesse Capt, E. F. Bourchier Made Major, Lieut.-Colonel, and C.B.
Date of Arrival.
Date of Departure.
17tli Sept. 1854
| 20th March 1855
17tli Sept. 1854
22d Sept. 1854 -
10th Feb. 1855 - 17tli Sept. 1854
26th Sept. 1855 19th Oct. 1854 -
16th Sept. 1854 28th Oct, 1855 -
7th Aug. 1855 - 30th April 1856
16th Sept. 1854
29th Oct. 1855 -
17th Sept. 1854
25th July 1855 -
23d Jan. 1855 -
27th May 1856 -
13th Feb. 1855 -
23d May 1855 -
17th Sept. 1854 25th Dec. 1854 -
13th March 1855 5th Jan. 1855 -
3d Dec. 1854 -
1st Feb. 1855 -
29th Jan. 18oo -
17th Aug. 1855
23d Sept. 1854 - 18th Sept, 1854
14th Nov. 1854 5th Nov. 1855 -
4th June 1855 - 18th Sept. 1854
18th June 1855 6th June 1856 -
Remarks.
Resumed his duties as Inspector- General of Fortifications.
Died of cholera; commanded the Royal Engineers at the battle of Alma.
Commanding Royal Engineer.
Died of apoplexy ; commanded the Royal Engineers after General Tylden’s death.
Commanding Royal Engineer after Colonel Alexander’s death until arrival of General Sir II. Jones, and in command of the Engineers during the expedition to Kertch. On sick leave for two mouths.
Died of his wounds on passage to Malta.
Commanded the Royal Engineers during the expedition to Kinburu.
Invalided to England in consequence of his wounds.
Killed in the trenches.
Commanding Royal Engineer at Balaklava.
Invalided to England.
Iu command of Company of Royal Sappers and Miners during the expedition to Kertch. Invalided to England.
Drowned in the steam-sliip “Prince.”
Invalided to England.
Killed in the assault of the Redan.
Brigade-Major, afterwards Assistant Adjutant-General.
4 G

602
APPENDIX TO JOUKNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. 5_Return of Officers of the Royal Engineers
who served during the Siege of Sebastopol — continued.
Bank and Names.
Date of Arrival.
Date of Departure.
Remarks.
Capt. J. F. M. Browne Made Major, Lieut-Colonel, and C.B.
6tli Feb. 1855
17tli Nov. 1855
Invalided in consequence of wounds received in the trenches.
Capt. II. W. Montagu Made Major, Lieut-Colonel
17th Sept. 1854 3d August 1855
22d March 1855 27th May 1856.
Prisoner in Russia for four months.
Capt. F. \V. King
Capt. A. C. Cooke Made Major.
Capt. F. Du Cane Made Major.
Capt. E. Stanton Made Major, Lieut-Colonel, and C.B.
Capt. E. C. De Moleynes Made Major.
Capt. J. A. Armit Made Major.
Capt. C. B. Ewart Made Major.
Capt. W. Porter Made Major.
Capt. P. F. Dawson
Capt. G. St. J. Crofton
Capt. F. C. Belson
Capt. E. M. Grain
Capt. P. Ravenliill Made Major.
Capt. L. Nicholson Made Major.
Capt. C. H. Sedley Made Major.
Lieut. E. Bainbrigge
Lieut. J. Murray
Capt. J. Ranken - Made Major.
20th Dec. 1854 - 6th July 1855 - 4tli June 1855 - 17th Sept. 1856
13tli April 1855 26th Feb. 1855 - 17th Sept. 1854 26th Feb. 1855 -
4tli June 1855 - 20th Dec. 1854- 10th Feb. 1855 -
20th Dec. 1854 - 17th Sept, 1854
14tli Aug. 1855 16th June 1855 -
15th March 1855 17th Sept. 1854 14tli Aug. 1855
22d April 1855 - 11th July 1856 - 4tli Sept. 1855 - 28 th April 1856
27tli April 1856 21st July 1855 - 6th June 1856 - 24th May 1855 -
7th June 1855 - 15tli April 1855 5th Aug. 1855 -
8th Feb. 1855 - 21st Dec. 1854 -
11th June 1856
25th Sept, 1855
4th April 1855 - 18tli June 1855 28th Feb. 1856 -
Died of wounds received in the trenches.
Ordered for service in Corfu.
Appointed Commissioner for Great Britain for the delineation of the frontier in Bessarabia.
Invalided to England.
Adjutant, afterwards Brigade-Major. Invalided to England.
Killed in the trenches.
Killed in the trenches.
Invalided, and died on passage to Constantinople.
Invalided to England.
Invalided to England.
Commanded the Company of Sappers during the expedition to Kinburn.
Livalided to England in consequence of wounds received in the trenches.
Killed in the trenches.
Killed in the trenches.
Killed during the demolition of the White Barracks.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
603
No. 5.—Return of Officers of the Royal Engineers who served during the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Rank and Karnes.
Date of Arrival.
| Date of Departure.
Remarks.
Lieut. F. II. De Yere
17tli Sept. 1854
11th June 1856
.Made Major.
Lieut. F. Brine
-
6th July 1855 -
1 ltli July 1856 -
Lieut. A. A. C. Fisher
-
27th May 1855 -
6tli June 1856 -
Made Major.
Lieut. J. M. Stopford
Made Major.
lTtli Sept. 1854 10th April 1856
18tli June 1855 11th July 1856.
Aide-de-Camp to Sir John Burgoyne.
Lieut. II. C. Elpliinstone
Made Major, and received Victoria
28th Sept. 1854
14th Oct. 1855 -
Invalided to England in consequence of wounds.
Cross.
Lieut. A. J. Creyke
.
23d Sept. 1854 -
10th Nov. 1854
Ordered for Service at Corfu.
Lieut. G. Neville
-
17th Sept. 1854
27th May 1856 -
Lieut. G. R. Lempriere
-
18th Oct. 1854 -
1st Dec. 1854 -
Invalided to England.
Lieut. Lennox
-
30th Sept. 1854
11th July 1856.
Received Victoria Cross.
Lieut. Arthur Leahy
-
17tli Sept. 1854
16th June 1856
Lieut. C. E. S. Baynes
”
17th Sept. 1854
7tli May 1855 -
Died of wounds received in the trenches.
Lieut. II. G. Teesdale
-
17tli Sept. 1854
21st Sept. 1854
Died at Scutari of wounds received at the battle of Alma.
Lieut. J. M. Graves
-
18tli Sept. 1854
18tli June 1855
Killed in the trenches.
Lieut. W. C. Anderson
-
3d Dec. 1854 -
11 tli June 1856
Lieut. J. C. Cowel
-
lltli Feb. 1855 -
17tli Oct. 1855 -
Aide-de-Camp to Sir II. Jones.
.Made Major.
Lieut. G. Graham
.
17tli Sept. 1854
11th July 1856 -
Received Victoria Cross.
Lieut. G. Philips
_
23d Sept. 1854 -
Feb. 1855 -
Invalided to England.
Lieut. C. N. Martin
“
17th Sept. 1854
8th Feb. 1855 -
Invalided to England in consequence of wounds received in the trenches.
Lieut. F. E. Pratt
-
17tli Sept. 1854
23d May 1855 - 23d Nov. 1855 -
Invalided to England.
Lieut. J. M. C. Drake
3d Dec. 1854 -
Employed at Kertch from 22 May to 23 November 1855, when invalided to England.
Lieut. E. R. James
“
26th Feb. 1855 - 25th Oct. 1855 -
2d July 1855
15th May 1856.
Prisoner in Russia from July to October.
Lieut. C. G. Gordon
-
25tli Dec. 1854 -
15tli May 1856 -
Lieut. 0. II. Stokes
-
23d Sept. 1854 -
3d Jan. 1855
Invalided to England.
Lieut. J. II. S. Carter
-
10th Feb. 1855 -
2d May 1855
Killed in the trenches.
Lieut. T. F. D. Donnelly
-
23d Sept. 1854 -
6th June 1856 -
Lieut. J. G. Lowry
-
20th Dec. 1854 -
7th June 1856 -
Killed in the trenches.
Lieut. W. M. Somerville
-
4th June 1855 -
25th Aug. 1855
Died of fever at Scutari.
Lieut. A. De C. Scott
-
4th June 1855 -
28tli June 1855
Invalided to England.
Lieut. W. H. H. D. Dunmresq
-
4th July 1855 -
27th May 1856 -
Lieut. P. H. Scratchly
-
14tli Aug. 1855
lltli June 1856
Lieut. G. N. Kelsall
-
14th Aug. 1855
26tli Dec. 1855 -
—
Lieut. C. J. Darrnli
“
4th June 1855 -
31st July 1855 -
Invalided to England.
4 G 2

604
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. 6.
Return of Officers of all Services who served with the Royal Engineers as Assistant Engineers during
the War with Russia.
Rank and Names.
Date of Arrival.
1
Date of Departure, j
Remarks.
Capt. M. S. Biddulph, R.A.
16tli Oct. 1854 -
16th Jan. 1855-
Resigned his appointment. Made Brevet-Major.
Major Campbell, 46th Regiment
21st May 1855 -
23d Sept. 1855 -
Rejoined his regiment, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required. Made Lieut.- Colouel.
Major Hall, H.E.I.C. Art.
2d Dec. 1854 -
3d May 1855
Appointed to the Turkish Contingent. Made Lieut.-Colonel.
Major Cameron, S.F.G.
11th Oct. 1854 -
4tli Nov. 1854 -
Resigned his appointment in consequence of wounds received in the trenches.
Capt. Chapman, 20th Regiment
11th Oct. 1854 -
20th Sept. 1855
Was made Brevet-Major in June. Died of his wounds.
Capt. Penn, R.A.
19th Jan. 1855 -
1st Oct. 1855 -
Rejoined his regiment, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required. Made Brevet-Major.
Capt. Raines, 95th Regiment -
11th Oct. 1854 -
4 th Nov. 1855 -
Rejoined his regiment, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required. Made Brevet-Major.
Capt. Vacher, 33d Regiment -
31st Oct. 1854 -
10th Feb. 1855 -
Resigned his appointment on being named Deputy Assistant Quarter- Master-General.
Capt. Stevens, 88th Regiment -
31st Oct. 1854 -
30tli Nov. 1854.
Capt. 11. Green, ll.E.I.C.
30tli Jan. 1855 -
4 tit May 1855 -
Rejoined his regiment, in consequence of wounds received on the 14th April.
Capt. Wolseley, 90th Regiment
30th Dec. 1854 -
7th Nov. 1855 -
Rejoined his regiment, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required.
Capt. Baldwin, 31st Regiment -
23d July 1855 -
6th Sept. 1855 -
Rejoined his corps, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required.
Capt. Anderson, 31st Regiment
14th April 1855
5tli Sept. 1855 -
Killed in the trenches.
Mr. Newsome, C.E.
25th Oct. 1854 -
6th May 1855 -
Appointed to Royal Engineers.
Lt. Roberts, R.M. Art.
21st Dec. 1854 -
25 th March 1855
Rejoined his corps, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required.
Lt. Sheehy, 62d Regiment
12th Feb. 1855 -
13th Feb. 1856-
Resigned his appointment in consequence of illness.
Lt. P. Jones, 46th Regiment -
4th May 1855 -
7tli June 1856 -
Rejoined his regiment, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required.
Lt. Grinlinton, 4th King’s Own Regiment.
1st June 1855 -
11th July 1856-
Rejoined his regiment, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required.
Lt. Vivian, 14th Regiment
27th June 1855
5th Sept. 1855 -
i
1
Resigned his appointment, his services as Assistant Engineer being no longer required.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF TIIE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
605
No. 7.
Return of the Officers Royal Engineers, and Assistant Engineers, Wounded during the Siege of
Sebastopol.
No.
Bank and Names.
Date of Wound.
Remarks.
1
Capt. Raines, 95tli Regt.-
17tli October 1854
Slightly wounded.
2
Capt. Cameron, S.F.G. -
4th November 1854
Severely wounded.
3
Lieut. C. N. Martin
24th November 1854
Severely wounded. Struck in the groin by a rifle bullet, in the trenches.
4
Major J. W. Gordon, R.E.
22d March 1855 -
Severely wounded. Shot through the arm and shoulder in the sortie of the 22d and 23d March, whilst repulsing the attack.
o
Capt. Armit
4th April 1855
Slightly wounded in the trenches.
6
Capt. Green, II.E.I.C.
14tli April 1855 -
Severely wounded in the head by a rifle bullet.
7
Lieut. Graves
18th April 1855 -
Wounded slightly by stones thrown up by a round shot, while superintending the repair of embrasures.
8
Capt. Owen
19th April 1855 -
Severely wounded, in the taking of Egerton’s Rifle Pit. Leg amputated.
9
Lieut. Graham
13th April 1855 -
Slightly -wounded by stones thrown up by a round shot.
10
Lieut. Gordon
6th June 1855
Slightly wounded by stones thrown up by a round shot.
11
Capt. Anderson
7th June 1855
Slightly wounded.
12
Mnjor-Genl. Sir II. Jones
13th June 1855 -
Severely wounded by a grape shot in the assault of the Redan.
13
Major Bourchier
18th June 1855 -
Slightly wounded by stones thrown up by a round shot.
14
Capt. De Moleynes
6tli July 1855
Slightly wounded in the back by a grape shot.
lo
Major Campbell, 46tli Regt.
27th July 1855
Severely wounded by a grape shot.
16
Lieut. Graham
8th July 1855
Severely wounded in the face by the stones thrown up by a round shot.
17
Capt. Browne
24th August 1855
Severely wounded in the shoulder by a rifle bullet.
18
Capt. Wolseley, 90th Regt.
30th August 1855
Severely wounded by the stones thrown up by a round shot.
19
Capt. Sedley
8th September 1855
Severely wounded in the head by a rifle bullet.
20
Lieut. Elphinstone
8th September 1855
Severely wounded in the face by the stones thrown up by a round shot; lost sight of right eye.
Total wounded, 20 Officers.

606
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. 8.
Return of the Officers Royal Engineers, and Officers acting as Assistant Engineers, Killed or Mortally Wounded during the Siege of Sebastopol.
No.
Itank and Names.
Date of Wound.
Bemarks.
1
Lieut. II. G. Teesdale
20tli Sept. 1854 -
Shot through the arm at the battle of Alma, and died 23d October 1854.
2
Capt, A. D. Craigie
13tli March 1855 -
Killed by a splinter of a shell on leaving the trenches.
3
Lieut. E. Bainbrigge
4tli April 1855
Killed by a shell in the trenches.
4
Capt. J. F. Crofton
12th April 1855 -
Wounded severely by a round shot, thigh shattered, and died from its effects 15tli April 1855.
5
Capt. F. W. King
17th April 1855 -
Shot in the hip by a rifle bullet, and died from its effects 22d April.
6
Lieut. C. E. Baynes
19th April 1855 -
Shot through the lungs by a rifle bullet during the attack on the “ Egerton Rifle Pit,” and died from the effects 7tli May 1855.
7
Lieut. J. S. Carter.
2d May 1855
Killed by grape shot in the trenches.
8
Capt. J. F. Dawson
7tli June 1855
Killed in the trenches by a round shot on his first tour of duty.
9
Lieut. J. G. Lowry
7tli June 1855
Killed by a rifle bullet in the assault of the “ Quarries.”
10
Bt.-Col. R. Tylden
18th June 1855 -
Shot through both legs by a rifle bullet while directing the assault of the Redan ; died from the effects of these wounds on his passage to Malta, August 1855.
11
Capt. W. II. Jesse
18tli June 1855 -
Killed in the assault of the Redan.
12
Lieut. J. Murray
18th June 1855 -
Severely Avounded in the arm while leading the assault of the Redan, and died the same day from the effects of his wound.
13
Lieut. J. M. Graves
18th June 1855 -
Killed by a rifle bullet in the assault of the Redan.
14
Capt. Anderson, 3 1 st Regt.
5tli Sept. 1855
Killed in the trenches by a grape shot.
15
Major S. Chapman, 20th Regiment.
8th Sept. 1855
Wounded in the knee on the 8th, and died from the effects on the 20th September 1855.
Total killed, 15 Officers.
No. 9.
Return of the Officers, Roy’al Engineers, who Died of Disease or by Accident in the Crimea.
No.
Bank and Names.
Date of Decease.
Bemarks.
i
Br.-Genl. V. B. Tylden -
22d Sept. 1854
Died of cholera.
2
Lieut.-Col. Alexander
19tli October 1854
Died of apoplexy.
3
Capt. W. M. Inglis
14tliNovember 1854
Drowned in the steam-ship “ Prince,” in the storm 14th November 1854.
4
Capt. Belson
5th August 1855 -
Died on passage to Constantinople of typhus fever.
5
Lieut. Somerville
3d September 1855
Died of typhus fever at Scutari.
6
Major Ranken
27 th February 1856
Killed by the fall of a wall during the demolition
of the White Barracks. *
Total, 6 Officers.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
607
No. 10.
Return of the Noncommissioned Officers and Privates, Royal Sappers and Miners, Killed and Wounded at the Siege of Sebastopol, from February to September 1855.
Royal Sappers and Miners.
Date.
Rank and Karnes.
Company.
Sergeants.
Rank and File.
Remarks.
27 February
1855
Private D. Cutlibert
2
_
1
Severely wounded.
27 February
Private Thomas Gabriel -
—
1
Slightly wounded.
31 March
2d Corporal R. Bridgeman
10
—
1
Slightly wounded.
14 March
Private II. Manters
8
—
1
Slightly wounded.
31 March
Private Wm. Relf
2
—
1
Severely wounded.
3 April
Private R. Russell
10
—
1
Killed by a round shot.
3 April
Private Thos. M‘Neill
10
—
1
Severely wounded.
6 April
Lance-Corporal 1. Veil
11
—
1
Slightly wounded.
9 April
99
Private Thos. Muir
2
1
Severe lacerated wound by a shell in the calf of the left leg, small bone broken. Died in hospital, Balaklava, 14th May 1855.
10 April
5»
Corporal A. Ramsay Private Wm. Taylor
7
—
1
Killed by a round shot.
10 April
99
7
—
1
Severely wounded.
10 April
99
Private J. Bastion
2
_
1
Severely wounded. Died on the 20fli May. Cause of decease, fever.
12 April
99
Private A. Janatt
2
—
1
Died on the 12th instant, from wounds received in the trenches.
12 April
99
Private D. M'Arthur
2
—
1
Severely wounded. Left leg amputated. Died on the 24th instant.
12 April
99
Private J. Bain
10
—
1
Slightly wounded. Invalided. Sent to England in June.
13 April
Private J. M‘Ash
10
—
1
Killed by a round shot.
14 April
Private Wm. Smale
2
—
1
Severely wounded.
15 April
99
Private J. Lethridge
2
—
1
Killed by a round shot.
17 April
99
Private Jno. Simming
2
1
Slightly wounded by a rifle bullet. Invalided. Sent to England in
June.
17 April
99
Private G. Hobson
8
—
1
Slightly wounded by a rifle bullet.
17 April
99
Private A. M'Caughey -
10
—
1
Slightly wounded by a rifle bullet.
18 April
99
Private James Queen
10
—
1
Killed by a rifle bullet.
19 April
Private J. Evans
2
_
1
Killed.
19 April
99
Colour-Sergeant J. C. M‘Donald.
10
1
—
Slightly wounded. Invalided. Sent to England 28th July.
19 April
99
Lance-Corporal P. Jowett
<-r
i
1
Severely wounded ; right arm amputated. Died in hospital, Balaklava, on the 14tli May.
15 May
99
Private E. Hodgkinson -
4
_
— !
1
Severely wounded in head by a stone. Invalided. Left Scutari for England on the 13tli August.
15 May
99
Private R. Wiles
11
1
Slightly wounded in the knee.

608
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. 10.—Return of the Noncommissioned Officers and Privates, R. S. M., Killed and Wounded at the Siege of Sebastopol, from February to September 1855— continued.
Royal Sappers and Miners.
Date.
Rank and Names.
Company.
Sergeants.
Rank and File.
Remarks.
20 May
1855
2d Corporal W. Swace - '
11
—
i
Severely wounded. Leg amputated. Died on the 30tli May.
21 May
39
Private N. Campbell
1
--
i
Killed by a round shot.
25 May
11
Private R. Walsh
1
—
i
Killed by a splinter of a shell.
25 May
91
Private G. Wood
1
i
Slightly wounded by a splinter of a shell. Invalided. Left Scutari for England 31st July 1855.
26 May
99
Private G. Clubb
—
—
i
Slightly wounded by a round shot.
1 June
Private J. Wright
2
—
i
Killed by a splinter of a shell.
6 June
Colour-Sergeant A.M'Leod
9
1
—
Slightly wounded.
6 June
Private Jno. Patterson -
9
—
i
Slightly wounded.
6 June
Private James Patterson -
4
—
i
Slightly wounded.
6 June
Private P. Slade
11
—
i
Severely wounded.
7 June
39
2d Corporal P. Suxton -
1
—
i
Severely wounded.
7 June
Private W. R. Collings -
2
—
i
Severely wounded. Died 24th July.
7 June
Private A. Hosie
2
—
i
Slightly wounded.
7 June
99
Private W. M‘Donald
1
—
i
Dangerously wounded. Died on the 13th June.
7 .Tune
Private S. Denis
9
—
i
Slightly wounded.
8 June
Corporal J. Fraser
n
—
i
Killed.
7 June
39
Lance-Corporal R. Young
4
—
i
Severely wounded.
7 June
Lance-Corp. W. Conning
li
—
i
Slightly wounded.
8 June
Private Jno. Malcolm
4
i
Slightly wounded. Invalided. Left Scutari for England on the 13th August.
10 June
99
Private W. Lang
9
~
i
Severely wounded, amputated. Invalided. Embarked for England 28tli July 1855.
14 June
39
Private J. M‘Roberts
9
—
i
Dangerously wounded. Died on the 15th instant.
15 June
99
Private J. Murphy Lance-Corporal J. Daft -
10
9
—
i
i
Severely wounded.
Severely wounded.
16 June
39
Private W. Smale
2
—
i
Dangerously wounded. Died on the 17th instant.
17 June
Corporal W. James
Private T. Patterson
2
—
i
Killed by a shell.
17 June
19
7
i
Severely wounded in the right shoulder. Invalided. Left Balaklava for
England on the 28tli July.
17 June
93
Private J. Clyde
i
—
i
Dangerously wounded. Died on the 18th instant.
18 June
39
Lance-Corp. J. Maycock
9
—
i
Severely wounded in the head by a rifle bullet. Died on the 9th July.
18 June
39
Private J. Spear
i
i
Severely wounded in the left leg by a rifle bullet. Died on the 4th August.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
609
No. 10.—Return of the Noncommissioned Officers and Privates, R. S. M., Killed and Wounded at the Siege of Sebastopol, from February to September 1855— continued.
Royal Sappers and Miners.
Date.
Rank and Names.
Company.
Sergeants.
Rank and File.
Remarks.
18 June
1855
Private E. Pearson
7
1
Slightly wounded in the hand.
18 June
Private R. Eadie
9
—
1
Killed by a round shot.
18 June
99
Private J. Perie
8
—
1
Slightly wounded in the right thigh.
18 June
99
Serjeant Wm. Dobbie
3
1
Slightly wounded. Invalided. Embarked at Scutari for England 7th September.
18 June
99
Private Wm. Pruce
4
—
1
Slightly wounded.
18 June
Private Wm. Rollings
11
—
1
Killed.
18 June
99
Private A. Tickle
3
—
1
Severely wounded. Leg amputated.
18 June
99
Private J. Baines
7
—
1
Killed.
18 June
Private J. M‘Neill
10
—
1
Killed.
18 June
2d Corporal W. Baker
3
—
1
Killed.
19 June
99
Sergeant P. Moral it
10
1
—
Severely wounded.
25 June
99
Corporal J. Douglas
9
—
1
Slightly wounded.
2 July
99
Lance-Corp. Jos. Collins -
4
—
1
Severely wounded.
3 July
Private J. Tuscombe
11
—
1
Slightly wounded.
3 July
99
Corporal J. Lockwood
8
—
1
Severely wounded.
8 July
99
Private B. Murray
7
—
1
Slightly wounded.
8 July
»»
Private P. M'Milty
8
—
1
Slightly wounded.
8 July
99
Private J. Mehan
9
—
1
Slightly wounded.
8 July
99
Private E. Lewis
9
—
1
Slightly wounded.
17 July
99
Corporal G. Luke
2
—
1
Killed by the splinter of a shell.
17 July
99
Private R. Nicholas
1
--
1
Severely wounded. Died on the 13th August.
22 July
Private Nathaniel Gillard
9
—
1
Killed.
23 July
Colour-Sergeant A. M‘Leod
9
1
—
Slightly wounded in the breast.
25 July
Private Jno. Miller
4
—
1
Killed.
25 July
Private A. Rowlett
2
—
1
Killed.
26 July
Lance-Corporal R. Pinch
11
—
1
Slightly wounded.
26 July
99
Private J. Drummond
10
l
Wounded severely. Left thigh broken by splinter of a shell. Died of bis wounds.
27 July
99
Private J. Collins
2
—
1
Wounded slightly.
27 July
Private R. Stewart
2
—
1
Slightly wounded.
Private R. Sharp
8
—
1
Severely wounded.
-■
Private R. Sparks
9
—
1
Slightly wounded.
2 August
Lance-Corporal J. Miller
9
—
1
Rifled.
8 August
Private MTIall
8
—
1
Slightly wounded.
8 August
Private Jno. Fraser
8
—
1
Slightly wounded.
15 August
Private A. Weir
2
—
1
Killed.
17 August
99
2d Corporal H. B. Smyth
2
—
1
Severely wounded.
17 August
Lance-Corp. E. M'Guird -
2
—
1
Severely wounded.
17 August
Private W. Collins
2
—
1
Killed.
17 August
99
Private H. Masters
8
1
Killed.
4 n

610
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. 10.—Return of the Noncommissioned Officers and Privates, R. S. M., Killed and Wounded at the Siege of Sebastopol, from February to September 1855— continued.
i
Royal Sappers and Miners.
Date.
Rank and Names.
Company.
Sergeants,
Rank and File.
Remarks.
17 August 1855
Private P. Delany
1
1
Slightly wounded.
17 August „
Private J. Lloyd
7
—
1
Slightly wounded.
17 August „
Lance-Corporal J. Finch -
1
—
1
Slightly wounded.
18 August „
Private M. M'Namara
7
—
1
Killed.
21 August „
Lance-Corp. W. Jenkins -
ii
—
1
Slightly wounded.
23 August „
Lance-Corp. W. Baker -
7
—
1
Slightly wounded.
24 August „
Sergeant Castledine
1
1
—
Slightly wounded.
25 August „
Lance-Corporal W. Monds
1
—
1
Dangerously wounded.
23 August „
Private J. Colquhoun
1
—
1
Slightly wounded.
30 August „
Private J. A. Eccles
11
—
1
Severely wounded.
31 August „
Private W. Thompson
10
—
1
Slightly wounded.
2 September „
Lance-Corporal C. Bell -
1
—
1
Died from wounds received in the trenches.
2 September „
Private J. Morrison
2
—
1
Killed by a round shot.
2 September „
Private J. Fitzgerald
9
—
1
Dangerously wounded.
4 September „
2d Corporal C. Phillips -
11
—
1
Severely wounded.
4 September „
Private J. Boyce
3
—
1
Slightly wounded.
5 September „
Lance-Corporal R. Pinch
11
—
1
Killed.
5 September „
Sergeant W. Wilson
1
1
—
Killed.
5 September „
Private J. Chestermnn
2
—
1
Slightly wounded.
8 September „
Sergeant P. Leitclx
2
1
—
Severely wounded.
8 September „
Lance-Corporal J. Fulston
1
—
1
Severely wounded.
8 September „
Private Jesse Head
2
—
1
Severely wounded.
8 September „
Private W. Brine
9
—
1
Dangerously wounded.
8 September „
Private E. Lewis
9
—
1
Dangerously wounded.
8 September „
Private D. Carsewell
1
—
1
Dangerously wounded.
8 September „
Private J. Bowman
1
_
1
Killed.
8 September „
Private J. Gregory
2
—
1
Wounded dangerously. Died on the 17tli September.
8 September „
Private J. Aitcheson
7
—
1
Slightly wounded.
8 September „
Private J. Hemmet
2
1
Killed.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
611
No. 11.
LIST OF ENTRENCHING TOOLS AND STORES AT BALAKLAVA, From lOtli February 18 55 to 8th September 1855.
Date.
Pickaxes.
Helves for Pickaxes.
Shovels.
Helves for Shovels.
Spades.
Helves for Spades.
Gabions.
Fascines.
§
*2
5
Cfi
Gabion Knives.
Billhooks.
i
Fascine Chokers.
Hazel Twigs. Bundles.
Wheel Barrows.
n
5s
o
§
a
ja
1
Wrenches for Barrows.
1855:
February 1st
2,2S3
1,476
5,373
SO
1,500
411
57
55
121,900
102
74
9
27
20
March 1st
800
536
4,942
so
1,433
426
-
19
192,333
102
492
6
197
83
52
22
April 1st
May 1st
2,534
1,252
7,043
780
1,282
377
-
-
115,744
22
55
C
197
140
119
26
June 1st
1,798
1,224
4,668
780
1,274
377
-
-
70,369
-
1
6
197
48
37
26
July 1st
1,867
637
5,508
795
1,294
377
-
-
15,619
136
32
19
97
39
23
26
August 1st
1,779
303
5,444
797
1,263
377
--
-
13,619
116
92
19
97
46
1
26
September 1st
2,195
93S
5,009
813
1,268
377
—
—
—
—
~
—
—
43
12
26
09
5*
rt
es
■§
«R
X
<3
o
'w
c
2
a
O
I
Baskets.
£h
60
c
*£
I
!
Tracing Tapes. j
jap
to
c
■E
=i
a
q5
a
3
*p
i
00
CJ
'S
3
n
oT
%
3
00
AC
J-
o
CO
IS
05
i
CO
u
i
00
'll
>
2
3
S
jj
a>
>4
1
£
S
s
rt c to
£
£
a
E
1
1835:
February 1st
30
1
50
11
Yds.
12,400
40
15
—
16
101
1,787 Pieces of Alderson’s.
—
10
—
March 1 st -
96
13
1
1,012
29
12,150
36
14
—
24
100
1,787 Pieces of Alderson’s.
6
10
-
April 1st •
-
1,344 Pieces of Alderson’s.
—
-
—
May 1st -
337
9
1
605
21
11,000
9
13
-
30
94
G
1
3
June 1st •
333
5
1
503
11
9,500
9
13
-
SO
99
-
-
1
3
July 1st - - -
331
3
1
471
11
9,400
6
13
1,000
30
101
98 Pieces of Alderson’s.
-
1
3
August 1st
306
14
1
G26
10
3,950
6
12
300
30
81
2 Pieces of Alderson’s.
6
1
3
September 1st
132
14
1
620
10
7,700
8
so
80
2 Pieces of Alderson’s.
—
2
3
4 ii 2

612
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. 11.—List of Entrenching Tools, &c. at Balaklava from 10th February 1855 to 8th September 1855— continued.
Cakpentees’ Tools.
Date.
Smoothing Planes.
Plough Planes.
05
O
c
K 3
s
{0
A
2
Plumb Bobs.
1
ct
.2
'B
&
Hand Saws.
Lennon Saws.
£
ei
Xt
£
Screw Drivers,
large.
Screw Drivers,
small.
Hand Saw Files.
Lennon Saw Files.
Rasps.
Pit Saw Files.
Saw Sets, large.
Saw 8cts, small.
Hand Vices.
»
£3
O
CJ
A
1S55:
1st February
42
4
4
15
20
172
5
22
132
460
14
10
12
10
18
90
1st March • •
64
4
4
15
75
630
4
23
253
14
1,798
14
14
70
8
160
14
90
1st April -
—
„
1st May ...
100
2
3
15
67
853
2
34
257
70
1,951
14
34
53
3
153
4
89
1st June
41
5
3
15
26
589
2
33
180
70
1,412
14
35
35
11
151
—
86
1st July ...
41
5
3
15
15
579
2
32
174
70
1,343
14
35
35
9
145
—
85
1st August *
41
5
3
15
13
675
1
37
173
70
2,552
14
34
173
15
154
—
85
1st September
39
5
3
15
4
649
1
37
137
70
2,321
12
34
135
15
153
1
65
Cabpentebs' Tools— cont .
Sunns’ Tools.
Mining Tools.
Wood Squares.
CO
o
u
&
Boxes for Tools.
Grindstones.
Bradawls.
Bevils, Wood.
n
3
ea
B
Chalk Lines.
Compasses.
Cross Cut Saws.
Hand Hammers.
Smith’s Tool
Boxes.
*C
rS
S
S
Forge Carts.
Borers.
Buckets.
Crow Bars.
Miners’ Hammers.
1855:
1st February
28
8
40
117
104
16
12
22
232
4
3
137
21
40
77
l«t March
28
8
4
30
709
120
20
16
27
4-4
285
0
20
5
137
21
240
327
1st April
1st May
41
7
—
22
1,410
126
8
13
26
66
289
3
18
3
48
21
239
208
1st June
6
7
—
22
728
108
8
13
10
34
287
2
17
3
23
21
215
254
1st July -
5
7
—
21
728
102
5
13
16
42
282
2
14
3
5
15
211
218
1st August
5
7
2
20
724
102
5
13
16
51
282
2
14
4
—
15
199
203
1st September
5
7
2
18
724
102
5
—
16
50
2S3
2
14
4
4
15
132
181
Mining Tools—com!.
“
Tampers.
Kucc Caps.
Lamps, Miners’.
Ladders, Rope.
Miners’ Shovels.
Miners’ Picks.
07
£.
A
n
Spring Jumpers.
Scrapers.
Tamping Bars.
Mining Tubes.
ji
Sc
rs
o
>
»
|
Gads.
ft
u
SJ
*
o
p.
Copper Needles.
Beckford’s Fuse.
1855:
Yanis.
1st February
83
50
41
13
12
418
42
—
110
—
22
140
18
12-4
48
29
3,179
1st March • •
46
50
41
13
12
448
42
—
124
—
40
517
IS
124
58
39
3.039
1st April ...
1st May ...
10
50
51
13
12
3S3
42
221
90
30
130
408
18
124
48
24
4,S19
1st June ...
22
50
51
13
12
3S3
42
205
82
23
130
367
18
124
40
24
4,327
1st July - •
19
38
51
13
53
371
37
203
71
16
130
351
12
124
40
17
3,735
1st August - -
21
3$
51
13
53
371
37
167
68
14
130
352
12
124
40
15
2,222
1st September
—
38
51
13
53
96
—
143
59
4
130
352
12
124
40
—*
685

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
613
No. 12.
List of Tools, &c. in the Possession of Royal Engineer Department.
Entrenching Tools.
Date.
Station.
; Pickaxes.
Shovels.
1
Sandbags.
Spades.
Wheelbarrows.
Wrenches
for do.
Hand-
barrows.
Measuring
Rods.
Tracing 1
Tape.
Field
Levels.
Scaling
Ladders,
6-fcct.
Sealing
Ladders.
12-fect.
•3 £
£-9
«
March 9th
In Store. Balaclava
866
4,942
192,336
1,433
83
22
96
36
12,150
10
30
50
54
March 13th
Right Attack
400
300
9,250
420
3
-
85
11
10,700
3
20
136
2
March 14th
Left Attack -
243
626
3,200
150
-
-
17
-
450
3
4
23
6
Total -
1,509
6,S63
204,786
2,003
86
22
198
47
23,300
16
54
209
62
Entrenching Tools— coni.
fee
II
Felling
Axes.
Billhooks.
tn
e > ■2'S
o
Fascine
Chokers.
Sap Forks.
i 1
Helves, i
Shovels.
1 i|
Helves,
Spades. I
Helves,
Picks.
tc»*
U
«
Baskets.
Trench
Carts.
Store
Carts.
March 9th
In Store.
Balaclava - •
617
145
192
10
6
24
80
426
536
21
1,012
13
1
March 13th -
Right Attack
5
4
150
60
70
-
130
-
350
12
220
6
—
March 14th
Left Attack -
3
2
6
55
18
-
-
-
-
-
64
—
—
Total - -
625
151
618
217
91
24
210
423
886
36
1,296
19
1
No. 13.
Statement of Stores and Tools Issued for Service from June 1855 to 29th July 1855.
Where
Issued.
Pickaxes.
Broad Axes.
Barrows, Hand.
1
F
1
i
n
; Baskets.
1 Bags, Sand.
i
Bags, Bread.
1
?
fc-l
©
95
%
llelvcs, Pick.
Fuze Coils.
Shovels.
Platforms, Mortar.
Platforms, Gun.
Anderson’s Platforms, pieces.
Gun Platform Sleepers.
g
£
|g
U 3.
occ
S3
Ladles, Iron.
J
£
&
SH
be
.5
4 •§ 8
*2W
>3
Hammers, Miners’.
Hammers, Sledge.
Hammers, Stone.
Hammers,
Carpenters’.
Handsaws.
Gimblets.
»
L.
Ec
3
£
6
►2
©
3
Rope, fathoms. |
Trenches •
708
8
9
,
84
29,160
100
100
623
25
490
11
6
536
94
8
1
22
10
42
11
17
4
6
9
5
4
90
Troops
91
-
7
4
Left Attack
Total- -
799
8
16
4
84
29,150
100
100
623
33
518
11
6
1,236
94
28
1
22
10
42
.11
17
4
6
9
5
4
90
Magazine Frames, j
i
Sheeting Planks. j
-g
3
j= *
I-
jn C
‘3 ^
Spikes, 6-inch and 8-inch.
Iron Gabions. j
1
Common Gabions, j
Fascines. |
&
B
c.
CO
! Candles, lbs.
Steel Blister, lbs.
Hurdles. j
Thread, lbs.
Casks.
: Loop-hole Frames.
u
2
£
3
•■■9
Tamping Bars. !
Needles, Copper.
Crowbars.
Scrapers.
Deals, 12 ins. x 3 1
ins. x 9 ins. ]
Wedges, Iron.
! 1
j Grapnels.
Oak, 4 ins. x 4 ins. for repairs. 1
[ Coals, bushels.
Pickets, Bundles, ltcvettes.
£3
3
2Q .• be
aT-3
"© c5 oh s*
CO
©
13
a
Trenches -
89
517
120
2,566
395
4,876
339
808
1
43
17
4
29
24
42
27
11
23
13
H2
65
6
118
29
61
26
11
Troops
Left Attack
Total- -
S9
517
120
2,566i 395
!
4,876
339
806
37
43
17
6
29
24
42
27
11
23
13
118
65
6
118
29
61
26
11

614
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
No. 14.
Gabion Report— Royal Engineers Park before Sebastopol.
Month.
Received and Issued.
In Store.
Remarks.
Common
Gabions.
Iron
Gabions.
Large
Gabions.
Common
Gabions.
Iron
Gabions.
Large
Gabions.
Total
Gabions
in
Store.
Received.
i
Issued.
Received.
Issued.
Received.
Issued.
1855 :
r 4
9
—
—
—
—
_
1,149
63
.
1,212
ST
l
i
26
60
—
—
4
—
—
1,149
63
_
1,212
L 30
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,629
79
—
1,708
June -
2
—
144
—
—
—
_
1,377
79
1,456
The Gabions were re-
" 21
308
40
40
—
18
4
1,472
347
83
1,902
ceived from the Highland
22
16
11
35
15
14
—
1,477
367
97
1,941
Brigade from Balaclava
23
—
149
80
—
—
—
1,328
447
97
1,872
and many ■were made
24
212
8/
40
—
—
12
1,453
487
85
2,025
in the park by working
25
—
68
69
“ '
—
—
1,385
556
85
2,026
parties of the Line.
26
—
42
74
5
—
--
1,343
625
85
2,053
Some were also received
27
280
68
—
25
—
5
1,537
600
80
2,217
from Baidar from the
28
—
68
76
27
10
—
1,469
469
70
2,188
English forces stationed
2 9
—
—
68
—
—
6
1,469
717
64
2,250
there. Among those re*
l_ 30
7
130
20
50
—
20
1,339
687
44
2,070
ceived from Balaclava
many were made by the
‘ 1
—
25
82
72
—
6
1,014
732
32
1,778
Sardinians.
2
—
—
63
50
—
—
1,014
744
32
1,790
3
—
25
—
25
—
—
989
719
32
1,740
Sept.
4
—
47
64
50
—
—
967
758
32
1,757
t 5
—
226
162
12
—
—
741
932
30
1,703
6
84
135
64
113
—
690
871
32
1,593
7
90
398
52
68
—
—
780
855
32
1,667
L 8
98
500
51
182
378
724
32
1,134
Total Number of Gabions for both Attacks.
Common Gabions ------
Iron Gabions -
Fascines ------
Sandbags - -
Breadbags -
Hidebags -
17,015
2,307
2,780
336,343
7,413
40

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
615
No. 15.
List of Materials furnished to the Two Attacks from loth to 25th April 1855, both days inclusive.
Name.
Sandbags.
Anderson’s platform pieces.
Screws for Anderson’s platform.
Shoes, iron.
Ringbolts.
Dowels.
Baskets.
Crowbars.
Bill hooks.
Felling axes.
Measuring rods.
Stone hammers.
*
o
1
*3
o
t
Bars of 5/8 square iron.
Coals, cwts.
S
.5
*3
3
Pn
Planks for platforms,
3 inches tnick.
© © IS .
S -5
III
oc 9.5
(fl
» c
© ??
&&
so
Remarks.
Right Attack
1-1,375
874
240
120
60
1,160
26
-
-
-
12
32
12
12
12
110
234
1,617
On the 26th 371 barrels of tar in the Royal Kn-
Left Attack
47,040
1,394
1,220
710
440
6,230
12
12
50
6
—
—
30
8
ISO
248
371
gincors Store at Balaclava.
Total -
61,415
2,268
1,460
830
500
7,390
38
12
50
6
12
12
12
42
20
290
4S2
1,988
No. 16.
Memorandum of Sandbags forwarded to the Royal Engineer Park from 1st March to 8th June 1855.
Date.
Left
Attack.
Right
Attack.
Grand
Total.
1855,1st March to 31st March •
.
36,600
48,000
„ 1st April to 31st April
-
90.753
33.875
„ 1st May to 31st May
-
18,125
14,250
„ 1st June to 8th Juno
-
22,875
27,875
Total
-
168,353
124,000
292,353
Remarks.
No. 17.
l
List of Materials furnished to the Two Attacks between the 26th and 30th April 1855,
both days inclusive.
Right Attack.
i
No.
Left Attack.
No.
Alderson’s platform pieces ...
860 |
Alderson’s platform pieces ...
840
Ringbolts for do. - » ...
270 i
Ringbolts for do. - * ...
CO
Shoes for do.
300 i
Shoes for do.
40
Dowels for do. ......
4,540 i
Dowels for do.
1,330
Fascines -
173 !
Screws for do. - - ...
80
Baskets .....
13 !
Sandbags ......
20,625
Spades .....
20 |
Barrels of tar ....
6
Coals, cwts. ....
2 !
Coals, cwts. - - - ...
4
Hand and wheel barrows ....
4
Bars of 5/8 square iron ....
18
Spikes, 8 inch .....
927
Wool baskets ....
100
Stakes, wood ....
50 i
Stakes, wood .....
120

61(3
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
No. IS.
Memorandum respecting the Mule Equipment attached to the Royal Engineers during the Russian War.
Previous to the expedition to the Crimea the only means of transport permanently attached to the corps was a small mule equipment organized at Varna, and in charge of the companies of Sappers attached to Divisions ; as follows,—
Light Division, 10th Company, Royal Sappers and Miners. 1st ,, 11th ,, ,,
2d „ 8th
These equipments consisted of five mules each, loaded as follows,—
Picks, shovels, and crowbars, two mules.
Carpenters’ tools, one mule.
Miners’ tools, one mule.
Powder boxes, one mule.
The detail of the stores conveyed by them was nearly the same as approved in 1855, and is specified in the list No. 2 attached ; each mule carried forage in addition.
In addition to the stores by these mules, and which appear to have been intended especially for the use of the Sappers, there was a proportion of tools, &c., in charge of the several companies for the use of the Division generally. A list of these, comprising mule equipment, as landed with the Light Division at Old Fort, is attached, and it is presumed that the other Divisions had nearly the same.
To convey these stores, transport ■was supplied on requisition from the commissariat.
On embarking for the Crimea, no means of transport was provided beforehand ; and the only company of Royal Sappers and Miners -which was accompanied by a mule equipment was the 8th company, attached to the 2d Division.
In November 1854, the mules of the 10th and 11th Companies Royal Sappers and Miners, were sent to the Crimea ; and these, with the five mules of the 8tli Company and the regimental bat ponies, were the only pack animals in charge of the corps until January 1855.
At the end of January 1855, authority was obtained from the Quartermaster-General to get additional mules from the commissariat, so as to make up the establishment of the corps as follows,—some of the ponies were also exchanged, those which came from Varna being useless :—•
Establishment as authorized January 1855.
Mules for five Divisions, for carrying engineers’ tools, five per Division - - - 25
Ponies for carrying tents for seven companies, Royal Sappers and Miners - 14
Mules for carrying hospital stores, head-quarters records, st&ff-sergeants’ tents, &c. - 6
Total - 45
Of these animals five were in camp for drawing water, &c. The remaining 40 were at Balaklava, aud daily employed taking up clothing, huts, and provisions and a few siege stores, until 1st April 1855.
After that date they -were chiefly employed taking up engineer stores ; and as the roads got better some of the larger animals were put into trench carts, and went daily to camp or into the trenches with engineer stores.
When the siege was over, and it -was thought probable that the army would take the field, the equipment was revised and prepared for service ; and it was found desirable to add a sixth mule to each Division, to carry all the forage, and a few farriers’ tools, he. The number of animals was increased accordingly, and taken

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
617
over from the Land Transport Corps. In the autumn of 1855, and until the end of the war, the establishment was as follows,—
Six Divisions of the army, at six mules each Head-Quarters, Royal Engineers Head-Quarters, Royal Sappers and Miners
For engineers’ tools
36
5 3 1
18
6
Head-Quarters, Royal Sapper For Hospital stores
Office and regimental purposes
Nine Companies of Royal Sappers and Miners, for tents
For Hospital purposes, one mule to each Division with which Sappers serve
Total
75
As it was not convenient to employ such a large number of animals as pack-animals, the greater portion of them were trained to go in trench carts and pontoon waggons, and were employed daily either taking engineers’ stores to camp or Sebastopol, or bringing back surplus stores to Balaklava.
The hutting for the corps for the winter of 1855-6 was also carried up by these animals; and when not required for engineer or regimental purposes, they were employed taking hutting to the front for other corps, under the direction of the Director-general of Land Transport.
(Signed) A. Leahy,
14th June 1858.
Capt. R.E.
D.A.Q.M.G.
List No. 1.
List of tools, &c. landed at Old Fort with 10th Company Royal Sappers and Miners, for the use of the Light Division :—
196 pickaxes.
154 shovels.
95 spades.
4 crowbars.
2 saws, cross-cut.
2 sledges.
1 pit-saw.
2 boxes, carpenters’ tools
Part of mule equipment.
2 boxes, miners’ tools
2 boxes with powder, &c. - J
Tracing tapes, &c.
conveyed on six bullock waggons. Load, about 650 lbs. each.
Note.— No means of transport provided for these ; they were to have been carried by 500 men of the Division, when some bullock waggons were brought in, on which they were carried to Sebastopol.

618
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
List No. 2.
List of Tools, &c. as carried by Engineer Equipment Mules attached to the Companies serving with
Divisions of the Army in the Crimea.
Number of Articles. j Weight.
i
4 spades 8 shovels 8 picks 3 felling axes 1 setting bar 1 sledge hammer 3 spare pick helves
1 spare shovel helve
2 spare felling axe helves
1 spare sledge helve
2 iron ellipses
Lbs.
24
48
16 £
6
} 6
10
211
1 pack-saddle, bridle, nose-bag, corn bags, halter and chain, hobble, and rope, 2 spur shoes ..... 35
Total weight carried by mule Two mules carried loads similar to this.
246
Carpenters’ Tools. Box No. 1.
3 billhooks 6 hand saws
1 lenon saw
3 revetting hammers
2 claw hammers
2 squares, steel blade 2 pairs pincers 2 bevils
2 gauges
1 screw wrench
3 gross of screws
32 lbs. of nails of all sorts
2 chalk lines 1 chalk reel
6 lead pencils
1 dozen hand-saw files
2 pair of compasses 1 saw-set
1 lb. of chalk
.tp
'3
£
Size of box, 2 feet 7 inches long, 10 inches broad and 11 inches deep, in the clear.
Number of Articles.
Carpenters’ Tools— continued. Box No. 2.
3 billhooks
3 broad axes 2 hand axes
2 two-feet rules 6 fource chisels 6 lochet chisels 6 spike gimlets 6 nail gimlets 6 bradawls 2 plumb bobs
4 adzes, helved 1 oilstone
6 augers of all sizes, helved 1 brace and bits
1 mallet - -
2 screwdrivers
2 drawing knives 1 lenon saw 1 jack plane -
1 smoothing plane
2 cold chisels
Size of box, as No. 1.
Miners’ Tools.
Box No. 1.
6 plays and leathers 1 stone hammer, 7 lbs.
1 „ 3 lbs.
1 „ 4 lbs.
1 copper needle 1 worm and scraper 1 tamping bar
1 setting bar, 7 lbs.
10 feet slow wasted
150 feet Beckford’s fuze 3 portfires
2 felling axes
3 billhooks
10 gabion knives 1 skein Hambro’ line 9 lbs. spun yarn
I Weight.
to
<N
O’*
o
t

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
619
Number of Articles.
Miner’s Tools— continued.
Box No. 2.
I three-feet tamper 1 two „
1 striking hammer
1 sledge hammer, 16 lbs.
3 billhooks 10 gabion knives 8 lbs. spun yarn
2 axe helves, spare 1 sledge helve, spare
Carried on top of boxes—
1 crow bar
2 fascine chokers
Powder Boxes.
TOO lbs. of powder in four leathern bags 100 feet hose, filled - 500 feet Beckford’s fuze - ■ -
4 spike gimlets -
5 lbs. spun yarn - -
50 feet 2-inch rope, covered in two hoses
2 feet 6 inches long, 1 foot 6 inches deep, and 10 inches wide, in clear.
Weight.
dumber of Articles.
Lbs.
to
.5
J5 £ "3
..S5
-5 Vt .to 8 ‘o — >
20
20
Weight.
Collar Makers’ and Farriers’ Tools, &c. ! Lbs
1 basil - 1 pair scissors -
5 lbs. hump leather
1 ball twine, £ lb. -
4 balls hemp, | lb. -
1 hand knife -
2 awl hafts - - -
6 awl blades -
1 dozen hemp needles - - -
£ dozen collar needles -
1 palm iron - - - -
1 thimble - - -
Beeswax, and collar makers’ wax, &c.
1 pair, pincers, fanner’s - - -
1 hammer, farrier’s -
1 rasp, farrier’s - - - -
I heaching iron and punch 1 farrier’s knife -
Size of box, 2 feet 7 inches, by 8 inches by 6 inches, in clear.
Summary. lbs.
No. 1 mule.—-Picks, shovels, &c. - - - - - - 210
Pack saddle, &c. ..... 35
- 246
No. 2 mule.—Same as No. 1 .... . .246
No. 3 mule_Two boxes, carpenters’ tools - - ... 254
Pack saddle, &c. .... . - 35
- 289
No. 4 mule.—Two boxes of miners’ tools ..... 206
Crowbar and chopper, 40 lbs., saddle, 35 lbs. - - - 281
No. 5 mule.—Two powder boxes, 220 lbs., saddle, 35 lbs. - - 255
No. 6 mule.—Four days’ forage, at 54 lbs. ..... 216
Collar maker’s box - - - - - - --30
Pack saddle - ...... .35
- 281
Total weight of Stores with Equipment •> - 1,598
4 i 2

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
6‘iO
No. 19.
Report of the Siege Record Bjard on the Works constructed before Sebastopol, made by order of Lieut.-General Sir Harry Jokes, K.C.B., conmimanding the Royal Engineers, and accompanied by his Observations.
Brigade Orders for the Assembly of the Board,
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol, 31st August 1855.
The Lieut.-General Commanding, considering it highly important that the Journal of the Siege should be accompanied by a report on the mode of construction of the different works, and as many of the directors have been either killed or wounded, and the benefit of their opinions lost, directs, therefore, that a board shall be formed composed of the two directors of the two attacks and Captain Ewart, who has already collected detailed information. The objects to be attended to are—the original construction of the batteries, parallels and approaches, and the alterations which may have been made in them ; all revetting materials, platforms, splinter-proofs, magazines, intrenching and other tools ; in fact, everything connected with the operations which relate to the engineer department. Dimensions, scantlings, and weights should be given in all cases, and neat diagrams made on a half-sheet of foolscap, or a plain outline drawing with figured dimensions marked on it, with letters of reference to elucidate the report. Lieut.-Colonel Chapman will furnish one or more officers to make these drawings, on the application of the board.
The board should meet at least once a week for this purpose, and they will call on any officer or non-commissioned officer they may think desirable for such information as they may require on the subjects before them, the great object being to furnish a full, accurate, and detailed account of all subjects connected with the siege.
The Lieut.-General trusts to the hearty concurrence and zeal of the board in carrying out this arduous but very important duty; and requests that the board will send him, at the end of every month, a memorandum of the subjects they have had under consideration, and of those they have completed.
Lieut.-Colonel Chapman will from time to time examine the proceedings of the board, and assist them with his opinion and advice, when he may consider it necessaiy.
By order,
(Signed) E. F. Bourchier, Brigade Major, R.E.
Proceedings of the Siege Record Board.
First Meeting.
President
Members
- Major Bent, Director, Left Attack.
{ Captain Cooke, Director, Right Attack.
Captain Ewart, Acting Adjutant, in charge of Park.
3d September 1855.
The board having assembled, in pursuance of the orders of the Commanding Royal Engineer dated 31st ult., resolve that their proceedings at each meeting shall be recorded in a book, and that their meetings shall take place every morning at 12 o’clock.
The board proceeds to consider the most advisable course to adopt, with the view of carrying out the instructions detailed in the order above referred to.
Their duty appears to resolve itself into the consideration of subjects under the following heads :—
1 st._Construction of works, illustrated by plans and sections of those most approved, from results of
practice.
2d._Materials ; description ; how and where obtained ; nature and remarks.
3d.—Superintendence and labour.
4th.—Tools, &c., &c.
It was agreed to endeavour before the next meeting to collect information respecting the original construction of the batteries.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGPl OF SEBASTOPOL.
621
Second Meeting and Continuation.
c Major Bent,
Present Captain Cooke, l Captain Eivaiit.
12th September 1835.
In consequence of the bombardment and assault upon the works of the enemy, the board have not been able to collect fully the memoranda respecting the original construction of the batteries, but the following are ordered to be entered upon the minutes :—
The batteries for the siege, which were prepared for the first bombardment in October 1854, were as follows, viz. :—
Right Lancaster, in advance, and to the right of the present Victoria Redoubt.
Gordon’s or 21-gun battery, now first parallel of Right attack, on Frenchman’s Hill.
Left Lancaster Battery, below and to the left of the Picquet-house on the Woronzoff Road.
Chapman’s, or 24-gun battery, now first parallel of Left attack, on Green Hill.
The nature of the soil in each case was very similar, being a stiff strong clay, overlying the oolitic formation, with the rock frequently cropping out on the surface.
These batteries were commenced at ranges varying from 1,200 to 2,300 yards from the works of the enemy, who, however, possessed such a powerful artillery, capable of being brought to bear upon them, that the question of obtaining good cover upon the night of breaking ground was a most important one.
Under these circumstances, then, it was considered that each work should be commenced as an ordinary trench, that is, by extending a certain number of men at such intervals apart as would enable them to use their tools, the earth excavated being thrown into gabions placed by them, and to their fronts, to form the parapet of the future battery.
To increase, however, the amount of cover thus to be gained, a similarly extended line of excavators was placed outside, at such a distance as would allow for a sufficient thickness of parapet (at first 24 feet).
Figures 9, 10, Plate 1, show sections of the pnrnpets of batteries ; the revetments used were chiefly gabions in two courses, with a row of fascines between them, and crowned with one or two rows of sandbags (see Figure 9). The earth was obtained from a ditch in front, or by levelling the terreplein, but was frequently carried in baskets from whence it could be most easily obtained, when the ground was very rocky.
In some instances the men were extended along these lines by files instead of by ranks, the front rank man having a pick and the rear rank man having a shovel.
This plan was always adopted with working parties from the Turkish regiments attached to the corps.
The parapets were thus carried up to a height of six, seven, or eight feet solid, and the platforms laid : the embrasures were sapped out and revetted from the interior, remaining blinded until the night before fire was opened.
The tracing of the works was performed in the usual way adopted for parallels, by the officers of engineers, assisted by the Royal Sappers and Miners.
The operations of the working parties were protected by covering parties thrown well out in front; that for Green Hill was commanded by a Brigadier-General, and that for Frenchman’s Hill by a Colonel or Lieut. - Colonel. The greatest number in a working party was at Green Hill, where as many as 1,200 men were sometimes required.
Before being armed, traverses were added to the large batteries, which were constructed on the Left attack principally of sandbags, and on the Right attack of gabions and fascines ; they were made on the Left attack of great thickness (some 14 feet at base), as they were not merely required to be splinter-proof, but to protect the batteries from oblique fire, in some instances amounting very nearly to enfilade.
Those in the Right attack were at first made merely splinter-proof (three gabions thick at base), but were afterwards rebuilt of similar thickness to those on the Left attack.
The magazines, the construction of which will be hereafter entered upon, were at first placed under cover of but separated from the parapet by a narrow passage, so that the entrance was covered by the former.

622
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Afterwards they were in some cases placed against the parapet; but the course adopted in this particular was generally the result of the position, and more especially depended upon the nature of the soil in the reverse of the trenches.
Disadvantage was found to arise in some of the early batteries from the embrasures being made oblique, instead of the parapets being indented, which rendered the merlons so weak that they would not stand against the enemy’s fire.
In constructing an indented battery it was found to be of the utmost importance not to deviate from General Pasley’s rule, “ that the embrasure should not be in the centre of the indent, but one-tliird of the distance from the angle cut off.” It was also found by experience with those batteries which •were first constructed, that the size of the embrasures was not sufficient for the large natures of ordnance, which require wide embrasures, and therefore the strength of the merlons was diminished. The Naval Brigade also complained that they had not room to work the heavy guns.
In consequence of the above, in the batteries constructed in the spring orders were given to make the parapets thicker, and the distance from centre to centre 24 feet, for all natures of ordnance ; but this not proving sufficient for guns heavier than 24-poundcrs, it was ordered that two guns should occupy the space hitherto allotted for three. Latterly, therefore, 27 feet was the distance allowed from centre to centre of embrasures. In cases where the nature of the ground admitted of it, the batteries were made sunken or half sunken in preference to elevated.
Mortar Platforms.
In taking up mortar platforms, it has been observed that those which had six sleepers of fir (10 inches by 8 inches) have sunk considerably in the middle, but those which have a seventh, or central one, stood well. The deal planks of platforms rapidly required renewal, while those of teak or harder wood stood well; some of the latter have lasted for six months, while the former required to be renewed twice in the same time.
For a 13-incli mortar two transverse sleepers were found to be sufficient, provided they were carefully laid, and the ground well drained. In localities where good drainage had not been secured three or even four were found necessary.
Tlio sloepors which were 14 inches by 7 inches, have been found to break in the middle, and those which were square (13 inches by 13 inches) have stood well.
The result of experience with 13-incli mortar platforms appears to be that the transverse sleepers should be two* in number, 12 inches or 13 inches square, if of fir, or 10 inches square if of harder wood ; that the longitudinal sleepers should be six in number, if of the same dimensions as the transverse, and increased in number if of less dimensions ; and that the tops should be of seasoned oak planks or other hard wood, not less than 3-^ inches thick and 8 inches broad.
The dimensions adopted for 13-iuch mortar platforms were 10 feet by 10 feet, for land service, and for see. service 12 feet long by 10 feet wide. The latter were not found to be large enough ; 12 feet by 12 feet is the least that should be adopted. When timber 12 feet long could not be obtained, shorter pieces were scarfed and bolted together. This was found not to answer, as they invariably give way at the scarfs. The tops were fastened down by 8-incli spikes, five-eighths of an inch square.
The platforms shown in Figures 5 and 6, PI. 2, were used for both 10-inch and 13-inch mortars ; the transverse sleepers were 10 inches'by 8 inches, and the longitudinal ones 8 inches by 8 inches, and they were covered with deal 4 inches by 4 inches, or 4 inches by 9 inches, as the timber could be procured. The deal coverings wear very rapidly, and 4-inch planks were found to be much too narrow for covering any description of mortar platforms.
For the sea-service 13-incli mortar platforms, four transverse sleepers, 12 inches by 12 inches, and six longitudinal ones, also twelve inches by 12 inches, were found necessary. Ribands of oak, 4^ inches by 3 inches, were laid on each side, and bolted down to the transverse sleepers. These were found to answer when
* “ I have observed that in all cases where two only have been used, the platforms have sunk in the middle, and am of opinion that less than three transverse sleepers should never be used.”—F. E. Ciiapmax, Lieut-Colonel, R.E.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
623
the platform was perfectly firm, but when there was any sinking of the sleepers from imperfect drainage, or other causes, the play of the planks when the mortar was fired broke the ribands immediately. The bolts were of one-eighth of an inch round iron.
For 10-incli mortar platforms the following dimensions were adopted, and were found to be sufficient where the battery was well drained : six longitudinal sleepers, 10 inches by 10 inches, of fir, covered by oak planks, 8 inches wide and inches deep. Spikes the same as for 13-inch mortars. (Size of platforms, 10 feet by 10 feet.)
For 10-inch mortars no transverse sleepers were considered requisite, and they were only-placed when it- was foreseen that the 10-inch would be replaced by 13-inch mortars. Deal planking, five inches by three inches, of Alderson’s pattern, made in England, although not so durable as the oak planking, was found to last well enough to warrant its use.
Eight-inch mortars were not much used ; they were worked on platforms consisting of six longitudinal sleepers, 10 inches by 10 inches, covered with planking of Alderson’s pattern.
Gun Platforms.
Alderson’s.—Too much praise cannot be given to these platforms ; they were used of the dimensions laid down in the British Aide-Memoire (with the exception that they were 10 feet wide, instead of nine feet), for 24 and 32-pounders, and 8-inch guns of jG5 cwt., and answered well.
On the Right attack the director (Colonel Tylden) increased the number of sleepers to eight, and had the tops fastened down by 6-inch spikes (three to each plank). 8-inch guns on travelling carriages were mounted on these, and they answered excellently. This was not adopted on the Left attack, but the same object was attained by ribands on each side, spiked down to the sleepers.
In the early part of the siege, platforms of teak, prepared at Woolwich, were used for 24-pounders. They were of the Madras pattern, with the main difference that they would not traverse, and they were therefore given up ns useless.
The travelling carriages were subsequently always worked on rectangular platforms of the same dimensions as for the ship carriages. The platforms were prolonged by earthen ramps, four or five feet in length, to receive the trail when recoiled. This was found to answer very well.
For 10-iuch guns and 68-pounders, of 95 cwt., the platforms were of the same dimensions as for 32- pounders and 8-inch guns of 65 cwt., with the exception that the scantling of the sleepers was increased to six inches by six inches.
The soil in which the platforms were laid is a marly clay, which turns very rapidly into mud. It was found that where the drainage was not perfectly efficient the mortar platforms of the strength above given would not stand for any time, in consequence of the soil turning into mud, and causing a sinkage of the sleepers.
Slide Gun Platforms.
These were used for the 10-incli and 68-pounders as well as for Lancaster guns. They were made, from first to last, of the same dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. PI. 2, and answered very well. The five sleepers were latterly made of fir, which was found to answer as well as oak.
For the very heavy guns, the fighting bolts were made of iron, 16 inches long above the hurter, and three inches in diameter ; and for the others 4-J- inches long above the hurter, and 2 \ inches in diameter.
Bollards were fixed for the purpose of relieving the strain upon the fighting bolt, and assisting to run the guns up. They were made of the dimensions and placed as shown in plan. When not fixed, the gun’s crews _ attached the breeching ropes to ring bolts in the hurters ; but this was found to be objectionable, as tending to lift the front of the platform.

624
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
The platform shown in Figure 1, Plate 2, was used for a ship’s slide, and has a fighting holt in the centre of the front end of it, and a bollard with a ring bolt on each side of it. The sleepers are five inches by five inches, or six inches by six inches, according to the stuff that could be procured. The covering consists of three 2-inch oak planks at front and rear, and one or two thicknesses of deal, three inches by 11 inches, in the middle, at such distance as may be required for the tail of the slide, viz., for an 8-incli gun, 10 feet 6 inches from front of platform ; and it is laid with a slope of from one in 16 to one in 24 to the front.
That shown in Figure 2 was used both with and without a slide. The sleepers are six inches by six inches, or five inches by five inches, according to the material at hand, and are covered with Alderson’s planking, 10 feet long. The liurter is eight inches by eight inches (and has two ring bolts and a fighting bolt, when used for a slide). This was the best description of plntform used in any case for heavy guns, but not wide enough at the tail to allow the gun to traverse when an unusually wide range of fire was required, and it had then to be pieced. (See Figure 3.)
The platform shown in Figure 4 was laid with five transverse sleepers, and was covered with eight planks, three inches by 12 inches, spiked down, and two ribands, four inches by four inches, bolted down. This platform did not answer, and should not be used except in cases where timber could not be procured to make the sleepers of the length and dimensions shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Chess Platforms.
In the early part of the siege some platforms were tried for 32-pounders with transverse sleepers, instead of longitudinal, and planking laid lengthwise on them ; but this method was discontinued, as it was found that the wood was ploughed up, apparently from the recoil of the gun being in the direction of the grain of the wood.
Remarks on Platforms.
In order to meet the early demand for a large number of platforms, the floors and roofs of buildings were made use of. This accounts in a great measure for there being a variety in the scantlings of timbers used in the several batteries in the early part of the siege.
At the period of the siege when platforms were moved forward from the rear to the front, the average of those found to be in a serviceable state was 80 per cent., or that four could be laid from five taken up.
Revetments.
When it was first contemplated to invade the Crimea, sap rollers, gabions, fascines, and pickets were prepared in the neighbourhood of Varna by working parties from the different divisions, superintended by the officers of engineers assisted by the detachments of Royal Sappers and Miners attached to those divisions. The system of working by the piece was adopted, and the prices paid were, 14 d. per gabion of two feet in diameter, and 7 d. per fascine of 18 feet long.
The gabions and fascines were brought into the depot, near the place of embarkation at Varna, by the reserve ammunition horses of divisions, each horse or mule carrying two gabions. Three were tried, but it was found to be difficult to pack them so that they should not be kicked off.
When the embarkation took place, three ships were allotted for the engineer service, and were filled up with an assortment of such tools, stores, and materials as was considered would be immediately required, including a large portion of gabions and fascines. The remainder were distributed among the different transports, generally speaking in small numbers (40 or 50).
The arrangement of having special ships for the engineer service is strongly to be recommended, as it was found that the stores in these were quickly landed, and were immediately available, whilst it took a long time to collect those which were distributed among the other transports.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
6 25
The gabions and fascines, having been landed at Balaclava, were carried to the Royal Engineer parks at the front (six to eight miles) in the arabas, or on the pack mules, which had been attached to the different companies of Sappers.
The Artillery assisted by bringing gabions with the siege guns, the muzzles being slipped through the gabions.
The Commissariat means of transport were too limited to be of any great assistance to the Royal Engineer service.
Gabions and fascines were made in the early part of the siege of the brushwood growing in the ravines bordering on the attacks, and on the Heights of Inkermann, but this source of supply was soon exhausted, in consequence of the consumption at the same time of the wood for fuel for the troops ; a limited supply was -obtained during the spring and early part of the summer from the brushwood growing on the hills near the Monastery of St. George. During the latter part of the siege, when the allies occupied the line of the Tchernaya, a supply of excellent gabions was obtained from the Sardinian troops, and also from a detachment of the Line stationed there for the purpose ; 200 men of Her Majesty’s regiments, at the piece work price, supplied 600 gabions per week.
The wooden gabions made in the first instance were of the size ordinarily used in the British service, viz., 2 feet in diameter, and 2 feet 9 inches high in the web ; subsequently larger ones were made for revetting the cheeks of the embrasures, 2 feet six inches in diameter, and 3 feet 9 inches high, which were found, for this purpose, to be a great improvement ; a larger size still was tried (being made on the pattern of some found in the Russian works), but they were of an inconvenient size to be carried through the trenches, and it was found that they were too large to be carried or filled by a working party in the limited time of a night relief.
The fascines were made in the usual mimner, 18 feet, 9 feet, or 6 feet long, and 9 inches diameter ; they were bound,—
1st. With gads,
2d. With rope yarn,
3d. With stripes of hide,
4th. With iron bands,
obtained from the Commissariat off the old casks and trusses of compressed hay, The latter plan was found to be decidedly the best, and quite superseded the other three.
The large accumulation of hoop iron and hay bands suggested the idea of making gabions with them, the pickets being of deal, sawn out for the purpose, in consequence of the scarcity of green wood. The iron bands were woven in, the same as the rods of the wooden gabions, in the manner called “ randing the ends being either turned in or bent round a picket ; the last plan was found to be by far the best. Iron bands were also used instead of withes for binding the gabions. These gabions were made in the Royal Engineer park or at Balaklava, by permanent detachments of the Line, and when working by task work the day’s work for three men was fixed at four gabions, which they usually completed in 64 hours.
The advantages of iron gabions were found to be,—
1st. Their durability, a point of importance in so long a siege.
2d. That when rendered unserviceable by the destruction of the pickets, the iron bands were collected, taken to the park, and re-made.
3d. That they cannot easily be destroyed by fire.
It may also be remarked, that iron gabions are not heavier than wooden ones of the same size, and that, in the case of a protracted siege, the materials can be easily carried, and worked up after landing.
For repairing cheeks of embrasures, an experiment was made with hurdles of wood and iron, of sizes as per table annexed, but the use of them was discontinued, as it was found that as soon as (by concussion) they 'became loosened from the merlon, they were quickly blown away.
The same remark applies to the revetting of embrasures with fascines.
4 K

626
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fascines were considered of value for crowning revetments of parapets, merlons, and traverses ; those most used were nine feet long.
The great extent of the batteries and magazines constructed and maintained during so long a siege, as well as the extent of cover required for sharpshooters in the advanced trenches or screens, caused a very great consumption of sandbags, which, throughout the siege, were of the same size as is usual in the British service ; they were of common canvass (untarred), and were found to be very perishable.
The great value of sandbags consisted in their enabling the working parties to repair embrasures during the night, and the Sappers to effect hasty repairs under fire, the bags being in each case ready filled, in rear of the batteries ; they were used also in stony soil for covering the tops of the parapets, in order to diminish the danger from splinters or driven stones.
When saps had to be carried over ground where there was little depth of soil, sandbags (filled during the day at convenient places) were thrown or emptied into the gabions as they were placed.
Parapets were also revetted with barrels of various sizes obtained from the Commissariat, and the ordinary powder barrels, after being emptied by the Royal Artillery. These, when not exposed to the direet fire of the enemy, were found to be excellent substitutes for gabions.
Bread bags, coal sacks, and biscuit bags, filled with earth, were also of great use in the repair of embrasures, for improving cover, and forming loopholes ; but, being heavy when filled, and therefore unwieldy, they can only be considered as indifferent substitutes for sandbags.
The largest sized bag which, when filled with earth, could be carried ordinarily by one man, was 3 feet long by 2 feet 4 inches broad, when unfilled.
Banquettes being generally formed after the parapets, were therefore constructed of made earth, or debris of rock ; they were revetted with dry stone, and in some instances with old planks and fascines, secured by pickets.
The accompanying sketches (Plate 3) show different methods which were adopted for revetting parapets of parallels and approaches.
Figs. 1 to 8 show sections through various parts of the parallels and approaches, with the revetments used ; the trenches varied in width from 4 to 14 feet, and in depth from 1 to 4 feet, according to the nature of the ground. The revetments were chiefly of gabions crowned with sandbags, but powder barrels were often used to obtain additional cover. Stone walls (2 feet thick), backed by earth, and beef and pork barrels, obtained from the Commissariat, were also used as revetments. Earth had to be carried in baskets in many instances from wherever it could be procured, to obtain sufficient thickness of parapet for the purposes required.
Embrasures.
In the early part of the siege the embrasures were made 2 feet wide at the neck (as laid down in Pasley’s Rules), but at the first general repair of the batteries it was deemed absolutely necessary to give greater width, viz., 2 feet 6 inches, and afterwards they were still further increased for heavy guns ; and at the latter part of the siege they were made as follows :—
Heavy 32-pouuders - - - 2 feet 6 inches.
8-incli gun - - - - 2 „ 9 „
10-inch gun - - - - 3 ,, 0 „
Lancaster gun and G8-pounders - - 3 „ 3 „
The splay of the embrasures was always regulated by the range of fire required.
The embrasures were generally made sloping, but a few countersloping ones were made for ricochet fire.
The cheeks of the embrasures were generally revetted with gabions, crowned with sandbags, which was found to be the best revetment for the purpose. When the gabions were crowned with fascines the latter were soon blown away, and if a fascine picketed down was struck by a shot the whole cheek was injured.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
627
It was found that, from the feeble nature of the soil, the angle-gabions of the embrasures were, during one day’s firing, invariably emptied of the earth by the concussion of the firing, which shook it out; this was remedied by filling these gabions with filled sandbags.
When gabions were scarce, five were used in each cheek ; but as it was found that the earth at the mouth fell down and choked the embrasures, the number was increased to seven, which partially remedied the evil, but it required nine gabions effectually to do so in the case of a parapet 24 feet thick at the top, which thickness was found to be requisite in the advanced batteries opposed to those of the enemy armed with 56 or 68-pounders.
Traverses.
The construction of the traverses which were made in the early part of the siege has been already described, and no material alteration subsequently took place. In some cases the traverses were detached, a passage 3 feet wide being left between them and the parapet ; in other cases they were attached, the advantage of the former plan being that it enabled the gunners more readily to obtain cover when a shell burst between the traverses, and the object of the latter being to strengthen the merlons.
Small parados traverses were placed in two batteries to protect the gunners from splinters of shells bursting in rear ; they were made 4 or 5 feet high, and thick enough to be splinter-proof (about 6 feet).
Magazines.
In the first instance the magazines were usually placed in rear of the battery, and, where the slope of the hill admitted of it, at such a distance from the parapet as would secure their being defiladed from shot, just clearing the interior crest. As a general rule, the floors of the magazines were 4 feet below the surface of the ground. The walls were revetted with frames and sheeting of every dimension between 4-inch x 4-inch oak and 7-inch x 7-inch deal. Young trees were also frequently used, but never of less dimensions than above stated. The splinter proofs were also made of such material as could be obtained, and were covered with two rows of sandbags filled with earth, nnd then with loose earth, until a covering not less than 7 feet 6 inches thick was obtained.
The triangular magazines were tried, but were not found to answer ; the struts made of the timber available at the time were too weak, and bent under the downward pressure of the great weight of earth required to make them bombproof. Another objection to the triangular magazine is the indifferent stowage which it affords in proportion to the space taken up ; and the heavy guns now used for siege purposes consuming a much greater bulk of powder than was formerly required, the question of stowage is increased in importance.
Rectangular powder magazines were universally adopted and approved of, as shown in Plate 3.
When the preparations for the expedition were going on at Varna, the frames, splinter-proofs, and sheeting for magazines complete, of the dimensions and scantling laid down by General Pasley, were made and embarked. When, however, the rectangular ones arrived at the Royal Engineer park before Sebastopol, it was, after due consideration, determined to alter the mode of fixing the frames, placing them so as to suit the stowage of the ammunition boxes lately introduced into the service.
The supply of magazine timbers made of materials brought from Varna was necessarily very limited, and soon exhausted. The greatest part were constructed from the wood obtained on the spot, by cutting down trees and dismantling houses.
The frames were in some cases placed at the sides (as in Pasley’s pattern), but frequently as gallery frames (see Figs. 4 and 5, Plate 3).
As in a great many instances the excavation for the body of the magazine was made in rock, the height of the frames was not more than would allow two boxes to stand one above the other. When the soil was good the height was from 4 feet 2 inches to 5 feet interior dimensions, and the breadth was the same. When practicable the floor of the magazine was sunk 10 feet below the ground. In all instances a roof of splinter
4 k 2

628
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
proof timbers of the largest available dimensions, about 9 inches x 6 inches, but ranging from 5 inches x 4 inches to 13 inches square, was laid over the frames. These were covered with a course of fascines or sandbars, and then arain with such an amount of earth as to obtain a total thickness of not lees than 9 feet.
Advantage was taken, in some batteries, of the geological formation of the soil. Where the upper stratum was of rock about 5 feet thick, overlaying a stratum of clay about 6 feet thick, a gallery was driven into the clay, the rock forming a natural roof, and the floor consisting of a stratum of shells underlaying the clay. Props were placed in such magazines, near the mortar batteries, as a precaution against the concussion of heavy mortars. Natural caves in the oolitic limestone rock were converted into magazines by building up the entrances with walls of sandbags and dry stone. The depot magazines were in all instances formed in these caves, in the sides of the ravines leading to the trenches.
The length and direction of the passages of magazines depended a good deal on the form of the ground. The length of passage shown in Fig. 5 . is unnecessarily great for ordinary purposes. The general principle followed was that the mouth of the passage should be turned away from the enemy’s fire, and that there should be two returns in it, so that a shell exploding at the mouth of the passage should not penetrate into the body of the magazine.
Loopholes.
Loopholes were made in the advanced trenches for the sharpshooters, of sandbags and sometimes of stone, the narrowest part being inside. Their construction and dimensions depended on local circumstances. They were generally arranged or altered by the sharpshooters to suit their own convenience.
Some wooden trough loopholes having been found in abandoned Russian works, similar ones were made and tried, but were universally condemned by the sharpshooters, as the smoke hung in them so much that they could not see the result of their shot without putting their heads above the parapet.
In cases where a wooden loophole was near a sandbag or stone one, they invariably used the latter in preference to the former.
The object intended to be obtained by the use of the wooden trough loophole was to give more cover over a man’s head, the loophole being so long that it could be placed low down in the parapet.
Some loopholes were constructed by placing casks side by side, so that they joined at the bung diameters, above which a loophole was formed by crowning the tops of the casks with rows of sandbags, to cover the heads of the sharpshooters ; others were made by placing powder barrels on end at short intervals apart, the tops of which were level with the interior crest of the parapet ; these were crowned with sandbags, and were found to answer well.
The small sandbags were found to be so easily penetrated by the Minie rifle balls that the larger bags were preferred for loopholes in the advance.
Medical Officers’ Huts.
In consequence of the distance of the advanced trenches from the camp, it was considered necessary towards the latter part of the siege to establish bombproof cover for the medical officers, in order that they might be able properly to dress the wounds in a temporary manner, and sufficiently to enable the men to be carried up to the camp.
These bombproof huts were made of the same materials and strength as the magazines, but were not sunk so deeply, and were so arranged as to admit the light better.
They varied in dimensions from 6' X 6' (interior dimensions) to 6' X lo r , the height in the clear being six feet six inches.
Superintendence and Labour.
The construction of the trenches and batteries of such great exteut entailed a demand for working parties which at various periods of the siege it was very difficult and often impossible to obtain, in consequence, in the first instance, of the limited number of troops available to guard the position and protect the trenches, and subsequently in consequence of the redueed state of the army, caused by sickness.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
629
The working parties were obtained entirely upon requisitions on the Adjutant-General ; but with a view to lessen the demand, a regiment of Turks was obtained from the contingent attached to the British troops, and quartered at Balaklava. This regiment was encamped on ground near the Royal Engineer Right attack park, and was, in point of employment, entirely at the disposal of Captain (now Colonel) Gordon, R.E., but, owin'; to the Turks’ habits, the overslaughs were enormous, and not more than from 400 to 500 men were available for work.
The night work and winter weather, combined with other causes, led to awful diminution of the numbers of these Turks, by death or by disease, and in January the daily number available seldom exceeded 200, who used to be employed, in consequence of the scarcity of transport, in conveying stores and materials to the batteries, or in bringing them from the half way depot at the Col de Balaklava. In order to give the Turks a stimulus to work, soon after the commencement arrangements were made to pay them daily at the close of the work ; each Sapper superintendent was furnished with a certain number of tin tickets, and he gave one to each man who had performed a fair day’s work ; if a man had worked particularly well, he gave him two, and from the idle these tickets were withheld. A sergeant of Sappers, on the arrival of the parties in camp, gave a day’s pay for each ticket.
This system was found to answer well, and to induce the Turks to earn their pay.
During the winter the demands for working parties were sent in daily by the Commanding Royal Engineer, but were frequently much reduced, and not complied with. It was found impossible to do more than keep up the works already constructed, and clear the trenches of snow ; advance was out of the question.
Early in the spring the contemplated French occupation of the Mamelon, as an emplacement for a battery against the Malakoff, led to the construction of No. 9 battery in the Right attack ; but as the British army could not furnish the necessary working parties, the French undertook to do so, and thus the parapet was thrown up under the superintendence of our Engineers with a party of French, who were found to be very diligent workmen. The Sappers’ work of the battery was performed by the British.
When operations were actually resumed in the spring, working parties of the Line were again furnished, and continued to be so till the close of the siege ; but some circumstances connected with these parties appear to be deserving of record.
When a party was made up by detachments from different regiments, collected probably under an officer who of course could not know his non-commissioned officers or men, the difficulties of the engineers in keeping them at work were great, and the confusion in case of night alarms was generally fatal to a proper resumption of the work. Experience is strongly in favour of working parties being taken regimentally, and not by detachments.
It is to be observed that there was rarely a sufficient number of engineer officers for duty in the trenches, the work they had to superintend being scattered over nearly nine miles of trenches and batteries, mounting about 200 guns and mortars.
They could, therefore, devote but little time to each of the several works in progress, and the efficiency of the working parties depended much on the zealous co-operation of the regimental officers.
Each working pnrty had one or more Sappers attached, and when they were experienced and well trained they were of the greatest possible assistance, and performed their duties in a most creditable manner.
However, from the hasty way in which it had been found necessary to increase the corps of Sappers and Miners, to meet the pressing demand of the war, many of the younger Sappers were sent out insufficiently instructed in their duties, which they had to learn during the operations of the siege, and therefore did not render that assistance which is expected from members of the corps. This explanation appears called for, as it has been remarked by persons unacquainted with the facts that some of the Sappers did not come up to their preconceived opinion of them.
In the latter part of the siege, in consequence of the rocky nature of the soil in which works had to be carried on, and the scarcity of men of the Royal Sappers and Miners, 100 men were sent from different

630
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
regiments of the Line, and were attached to the Royal Engineer camp. These men, most of them practised quarrymen, were of great assistance, and worked very well, under the superintendence of some corporals of the Royal Sappers and Miners specially selected for the purpose.
The officers of engineers were empowered to demand a proportion from the night guard of the trenches to be employed in the works, providing that they could be so employed without risking the safety of the trenches.
In the last few weeks of the siege the practice of demanding the night -working parties from the guards of the trenches was discontinued, and a special working party of 600 men was sent down for the purpose, who were completely under the control of the engineer officers until the end of the night’s work, when, unless the general of the trenches considered their presence necessary to strengthen the guards of the trenches, they were sent home. This was found a very superior arrangement to the other.
Tools.
The tools which have been in use throughout the siege have proved of good quality, and lasted well, considering the great wear and tear caused by working in such rocky ground, added to the fact of then’ being so constantly put into the hands of men not accustomed to their use.
The wheelbarrows were too weak for the nature of the service, and in repairing them the sides were strengthened with hoop-iron bands. The cast-iron wheels are very much to be condemned for their brittleness. Wooden ones were lately made to replace them.
(Signed) George Bent,
Major, R.E.
(Signed) A. Cooke,
Captain, R.E.
(Signed) C. B. Ewart, R.E.,
Major of Brigade.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
631
Camp, Left Attack, 20th July 1855.
Description of the various kinds of Materials used in the Construction of Field Works.—
Siege of Sebastopol, 1854 and 1855.
Names.
Length.
Number
of
Pickets.
Diameter.
Height
of
Webbing.
Length
of
Pickets.
Wooden gabions (common) - - -
Ft. In.
12
Ft. In.
2 0
Ft. In.
2 9
Ft. In.
3 6
Ditto (large - - -
—
10
2 6
3 9
4 6
Iron gabions ------
—
9
1 10
3 3
4 6
Fascines, five iron hoops to each -
—
—
0 9
—
_
Iron hurdles - - ...
9 0
14
_
3 3
4 6
Wooden ditto ------
7 0
11
_
3 0
4 6
Ammunition barrels - - ...
1 9
_
1 6
_
_
Powder boxes -
1 9
_
1 5
_
_
Sandbags ......
2-8" x i' 2 "
—
_
_
—
Barrels supplied from the Commissariat, various sizes. Bread bags from Commissariat - - -
3 0
Ditto, least size ... -
2 4
—
—
—
Total both Attacks.
17,015 wooden gabions (common).
2,307 iron gabions.
2,710 fascines, five iron hoops to each.
336,345 sandbags.
7,413 bread bags from Commissariat. 40 hide bags.
Return of Platforms taken up in the Batteries of the First Parallel, showing the quantity
unserviceable.
Serviceable.
Unserviceable.
Total.
No. 2 battery, 5 platforms of 49
pieces each ...
209
36
245
No. 3 ,, 3 ,,
if
127
20
147
No. 4 „ 4
Alderson’s siege platforms.
The loss of the materials was of the rear trucks of the gun
>>
mainly attributed to the absence carriages.
166
30
196
-
502
86
588

632
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OP THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Return showing the Number of Gabions, Fascines, Sandbags, and Breadbags, expended on the Right Attack during the Siege before Sebastopol, from 18th October 1854 to the 8th September 1855 :
Common gabions Iron ditto Fascines Sandbags Bread bags
13,052
1,437
1,876
159,853
3,413
Expended on the Left Attack from 18th October 1854 to the 8th September 1855 :
Common gabions ----- - 3,963
Iron ditto - ... .. 870
Fascines ------ - 904
Sandbags ----- - - 176,492
Bread bags ----- - 4,000
Hide bags - -- -- -- 40
Observations on the Construction of the Siege Works thrown up before Sebastopol.
By Lieut-General Sir Harry Jones, K.C.B., Commanding the Royal Engineers at the Siege.
The report of the committee which I directed to assemble for the purpose of placing on record the details of the execution of the siege works thrown up before Sebastopol, although very clear and satisfactory, as far the works to which it refers are concerned, is not sufficiently comprehensive so as to give a full and correct knowledge of all the various operations performed principally by the Royal Engineers and Royal Sappers and Miners. The object of the present paper is to notice those works which have not been referred to by the Committee, and observations are made relative to many subjects connected with the siege on which they were not required to report.
Difficulties in obtaining Materials.
One of the greatest difficulties which the engineers had to contend against was the entire absence of every resource in the way of materials. The few houses existing when the army arrived before Sebastopol were soon pulled down ; the timber was carried away for fuel for the troops, and nothing remained but a few stones. There were no inhabitants, except in the small town of Balaklava. The ground occupied by the French and English armies was a barren waste, wild and uncultivated. The heights of Inkermann were covered with brushwood (young oaks principally), but these soon disappeared, being cut down, and the roots grubbed up for fuel, of which there was a great scarcity throughout the winter of 1854-5 ; unfortunately the engineers were soon deprived of this resource, and were unable to procure more than a small number of oak saplings for •o-abions ; these made very good gabions, strong and durable, but rather heavier than the ordinary gabion.
The heights above the village of Karani also afforded some brushwood, but at some miles distance from the engineer parks. Balaklava did not possess resources of any kind. In fact the position of the army resembled a barren island more than any portion of terra firnta. Everything required had to be procured at Constantinople, or along the shores of the Black Sea ; and for the principal articles, such as tools, platforms, iron, sandbags, &c., recourse was had to the arsenal at Malta or England. Under such circumstances, the engineers had <,reat difficulties to overcome from the deficiency of everything they required to carry on an attack against works of such an extent as the fortifications of Sebastopol.
Gabions.
From what has been stated above it is evident that from the difficulty of procuring brushwood there was always a great deficiency of gabions, and at one period of the siege it became necessary to send for the materials to Sinope. The French had to send to Constantinople and Varna, and paid a large price for them.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
633
Those from Constantinople were made of the same description of wood as the bread baskets used in that city. They appeal ed to be tolerably strong, were approved by the French, and made close work.
A new dr scription of gabion was made with the iron bands which came out on the trusses of hay, and hoops from the qommissariat stores. It must be borne in mind that such resources will seldom be found with an army in the field, and therefore must not be calculated upon at any siege inland.
The great concussion of the heavy guns and the lightness of the soil of the parapets soon made the wooden gabions lose a great portion of the material with which they had been filled. Whenever the iron bands can be procured in nny quantity it will be desirable to work them up into gabions.
It is very much to be regretted that the metal gabions proposed by Capt. Tyler, R.E., and of which a lai-ge number had been forwarded from England, did not arrive until two days after the fall of the place. No opinion therefore can be offered as to their merits or demerits.
Timber.
Timber was extremely difficult to procure. The scantlings were very small (4 inches X 4 inches); yet of these many gun platforms were necessarily made, which when spiked down to the sleepers, answered very well.
No pieces of timber could be procured long enough to make “lean-to” splinter-proof cover in the batteries, which was very much required. Many lives would have been saved had there been any, and they would have afforded cover from the heat in summer. They are at all times most desirable in batteries and in situations exposed to a fire of shells.
Transport.
The engineers experienced very much the want of a field equipment properly horsed, similar to batteries of artillery. Ilad such an establishment been formed, many of the difficulties experienced in getting materials from Balnklava to the parks would not have been occasioned, as the horses of the brigades could then have been most usefully employed in bringing forward (lie gabions and platforms which were left at the railway station to be conveyed to the front whenever an opportunity presented itself, preference being given to other articles, which, in the eyes of the authorities, appeared more important.
Sandbags.
The consumption of sandbags at the siege was enormous, arising in a great measure from the want of other materials suitable to the purposes for which they were used, and from the officers of engineers not considering the difficulty of procuring them, and permitting a very lavish expenditure of them, by allowing them to be used in almost every case possible. There were also a great many issued to the artillery for the purpose ot carrying shot and shells to the batteries. These were all lost to the engineers, as none ever came back, and thousands were to be seen lying about the trenches. It would be very desirable that some contrivance should be made for the conveyance of shot and shells, and whatever may be approved of should be sent out with the battering train, and form a part of its equipment ; thus the artillery would always have at hand the means of readily moving their shot, &c.
The Russians used sandbags of various sizes, much larger than those used in the British service, to be employed according to the situations for which they were intended, and when no heavy fire was bearing upon the work at the time the men were placing them. Under such circumstances the weight, when filled, was of little consequence, in regard to the number of men required to lift one.
They were very usefully and successfully placed on the parapets of the advanced rifle-pits, and upon the parapets of the main enclosure round the town. The Larger description of sandbag might be used with advantage for the revetments of embrasures, and for covering the roofs of rectangular magazines, &c.
4 L

634
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Tools.
Tools were generally good. The complaints made occasionally of the badness of the cutting tools could, in almost every case, be traced to the ignorance of the men, their not knowing how to use them properly, and to the tools not having been sent out in the proper state for use, that is, ground or set, and in many cases from being used improperly. On one occasion a party of men were seen picking up stones near their camp with their bill-hooks !
It would seem desirable that some long-handled shovels should be sent out with every engineer siege equipment, and the Sappers practised in the use of them.
Mantlets.
Mantlets should in every operation be prepared for the embrasures of all batteries, the range of the Minie rifle being so great that the most distant batteries will hardly ever be safe without them. Those used at the siege of Sebastopol were made on board the Fleet. They were sufficiently large to cover the entire opening of the embrasures, and were made with a slit at the lower end, to permit of the gun being run out, aud leave a small opening for the artilleryman to point his gun. These mantlets were made of one layer of tarred rope, and were suspended by ropes from a beam resting upon two adjacent merlons. These, if well made, would appear to answer well.
The Russian mantlets were composed of three layers of tarred rope, secured by two pieces of the same at the side of the mantlet. In some of their batteries a piece of the same material was fixed upon the gun in front of the trunnions, with a slit in it, to facilitate the pointing of the gun.
Loopholes.
The committee do not appear to have considered this subject sufficiently when making their remarks upon the Russian wooden troughs or tubes. These were found generally in the parapets of their rifle-pits, built in when the parapet was formed. In many situations they arc excellent, as they present a very small object to fire - at, viz., merely the opening of the tube. The great objection against them is that the use of them is restricted to one object, as there cannot be any deviation in the direction of the fire, nor in elevation or depression. They were usually placed at such a height from the sole of the trench or pit that the men using them were never exposed, as is the case with sandbags forming loopholes on the top of the parapet. As to the smoke hanging in them, this only occurred when the atmosphere was very dense, from rain or fog.
It is very desirable, where practicable, to use a much larger sized sandbag than the bushel, for forming loopholes.
Batteries.
Where heavy guns are to be employed, the parapets should be made much thicker than at present. If in a light soil, from 25 to 30 feet will not be found too much, as from the concussion of the guns and the effect of the enemy’s shells and shot the parapet soon loses its solidity and form. The embrasures must be made at least of the size stated in the report; two guns should occupy the space where three have usually been placed, and the traverses between them should be made much higher than the ordinary splinter-proof traverse. For batteries where shell guns are used, a shell room should if possible be constructed. The distinguishing number given to each battery should be painted upon a board in large characters, and put up in the battery in some conspicuous part of it; and officers in their reports should be required to give the number of the battery, and not refer to the battery by the number of guns placed in it. This is usually done by the artillery, and leads to much confusion, and often to very serious mistakes.
The plan adopted at Bomarsund, of making a battery entirely of sandbags, was on one or two occasions followed with great success ; for a battery of six or eight guns, with traverses, the number of sandbags

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
635
required will be very considerable, and not always to be procured. This mode of forming a battery will, in many exposed situations, be found comparatively safe and expeditious.
I
Parallels and Approaches.
These were generally well laid out and executed, with the exception of drainage, which, not having been attended to in the first instance, caused much trouble subsequently, and many casualties occurred in consequence, by the men preferring to run the gauntlet along the rear of the trenches, in preference to wading through them half-leg deep in water. In the parallels and advanced trenches the parapets were much injured by the guards not keeping them in proper order, and by the young soldiers preferring to fire over the sandbags forming the loopholes. The names of the different parts of the attack should be painted on boards, and placed in some conspicuous position, and finger posts pointing to the adjacent works should be erected. Attention to this will prevent much confusion, and time will be saved in the arrival of parties at the works for which they have been told off. On several occasions the parties mistook the road, and half a night’s work was thereby lost.
Drainage.
Wliat has been said above will apply with equal force to batteries. Many of the batteries first erected frequently could not be worked, from the great body of water standing in them, and several magazines were near being flooded.
Observatories.
This is the name given by the French to the places constructed in their batteries to enable the officers of artillery to observe in comparative safety the effect of their fire, or for the engineers to reconnoitre the enemy’s works. The absence of such accommodation in the earlier part of the siege caused the parapets to be seriously injured by the destruction of the revetments. Orders were given, near the end of the siege, that in every battery to be constructed an observatory should be made, and iu the old batteries also where practicable.
Chevaux-de-frise.
The iron chevaux-de-frise, the spears of which are packed in the barrel, appear to have answered very well, and withstood a fire of grape better than the wooden ones. These, as well as the abattis, should, if possible, be covered from the fire of artillery. The chevaux-de-frise across the Woronzoff Road suffered from the effect of it. In this case cover could not be made, on account of the Russian advanced picquets being so close to them. From want of cover, the Russian abattis in front of the Redan and Malakotf were nearly destroyed, more especially the latter.
Awnings for the Trenches.
When the great heat of summer arrived it was found very desirable to provide cover for the guards of the trenches. This was done by means of pieces of canvas, from 40 to 50 feet in length and 10 to 12 feet in breadth, which were stretched along the parallel. In a siege of long duration it would be advisable to provide such cover in the trenches, both for summer and for winter. The engineers would, of course, point out the parts of the trenches where they could be fixed without exposure to the enemy’s fire or impeding the communications.
Water.
A good supply of water is always required in batteries and trenches, and arrangements should be made accordingly. At Sebastopol the metal powder cases made excellent cisterns, when buried in the ground, and placed at convenient distances along the parallels. They were filled daily.
wm
4 I. 2

636
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Battering Train.
In forming a siege train in future, a large supply of 8-inch mortars and Coehorns, with pierriers, should be added, as they are easily moved, and require much less powder and labour in carrying up the shells to the advanced batteries than those of larger calibre. Rockets will be found very useful in many situations where it might be difficult to bring up artillery. An emplacement for half a dozen rocket stands is rapidly made in any part of the trenches where it is advisable to use them. Wall pieces will be found extremely useful, as well as a large proportion of hand-grenades. Although the enemy’s works may not be near enough to throw them by hand, they would prove very annoying to an enemy when thrown from 8 or 10 inch mortars at a high elevation. Both the French and English suffered very much from this description of fire during the close attack.
' . Sapping.
No observations can be offered respecting the sap, as the kneeling sap was not attempted at any period of the siege, either'by the English or French, except by the latter only during the last few days of the siege, after the enemy’s fire of artillery was completely subdued. The standing sap should be practised by the Sappers when under instruction, as there are many situations where it can be carried ou, when the ordinary or kneeling sap could not be executed without great loss.
Reliefs.
The reduced state of the army in point of numbers, and the great extent of the trenches, caused the reliefs to take place according to circumstances, and not at the hours usually observed at sieges, which it is so desirable to adopt. During the greater part of the siege the working parties were furnished from the guard of the trenches, according to the will of the officer commanding, so that the engineers never knew exactly the number of men that would be told oft’ for the working party. A diminution of 100 to 200 men in the number demanded, and ordered by the Adjutant-General, frequently occurred. The reliefs of the Sappers and engineer officers were necessarily regulated by those of the troops. This is mentioned in order that the practice at the siege of Sebastopol may not in future be ncted upon or given ns a precedent to be observed.
Scaling Ladders.
The 12-feet joint scaling ladders appear to be the most useful on all occasions. When used, a number of six feet joints should be added, according to the number of ladders to be used, in the event of a certain number of 12-feet lengths not being found sufficiently long for the purpose for which they are required. This plan was attended with advantage in the last attack upon the Redan.
To the Inspector General of Fortifications, Harry D. Jones, Lieut.-General.
6th March 1856.
Head-Quarters before Sebastopol,
Sir, 25tli March 1855.
I have the honour to report that in the Russian post at the Quarries, in which we made a lodgment ou the night of the 7tli inst., were found in different parts of the work several defensive arrangements which appeared to me interesting and deserving of notice. I have therefore had the following articles packed in a box to be sent to England to your address, for the purpose of being lodged in the model room at the field establishment at Chatham, viz.—
Powder-box, Russian, 1.
Tubes, 2.
Loop-hole, wooden, 1.
Sandbags, 2.

APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
637
Powder Boxes.
The powder boxes (see plan A. PI. xi.) in the instance of this large post were buried in the ground about 20 yards in advance of the intrenclunent, and when applied for the defence of a rifle screen or pit were placed about five or six yards in the rear of it, so that any men attempting to force in the rear would necessarily be obliged to pass over the boxes, and be exposed to the explosive effects of the powder contained in them.
The drawing marked A., in which the dimensions are figured, shows the size of the box, and the mode of fixing the tube for igniting the powder.
Metal Tube.
The metal tube being very thin, upon being pressed by the foot breaks the glass tube within it, and the acid communicating with the ingredients placed around causes combustion to take place, which ignites the powder in the box.
This mode, of defence appears to be very generally employed by the Russians for their advanced and detached works.
Forty have been taken up by us near the Quarries, and the French discovered a great number buried across one of the ravines from which the Russian advanced post had been withdrawn.
Sandbag.
The sandbag used by the Russians is very much larger than the English, and made of sail cloth. This appears to be a great and necessary improvement at the present time, where the Minie rifle is used. It affords great protection, and is not so easily demolished as the common bushel sandbag of the English equipment.
Gabions.
The Russians have also made great use of gabions five feet in height and about three feet six inches in diameter. These, with the sandbag ns above, have been found extremely strong. A parapet made with the five- feet gabion and the large sandbag above it forms a strong parapet, and is not easily destroyed by a small party
during a sortie, nor eusily to be moved where a lodgment may bo required.
*
Wooden Cases for Riflemen.
The Russians in their rifle-screens build in wooden tubes for their riflemen to fire through. These possess great advantages in some respects, but accompanied with the disadvantage of not being able to vary the direction of their fire. Still it keeps the men well under cover ; there is no exposure of the person, and no tearing down of the parapet, which in our trenches becomes so much injured from the habit the soldiers have of firing over the parapet, instead of through the sandbag loop-holes prepared for them.
It is scarcely necessary to observe, that all the work of placing the large gabions and sandbags is performed during the night.
The Russians have generally made good cover for the guards of their advanced posts, by excavations in the ground. It must be observed that the Dockyard has afforded excellent spars and timber for making splinter-proof cover.
The revetments of the trenches captured on the night of the 7th June were formed with flour barrels and saudbags.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient humble servant, Harry D. Jones,
The Inspector-General of Fortifications, Major-General, Comdg. Royal Engineers.
&c. & c. &c.

638
APPENDIX TO JOURNAL OF THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
No. 20.
Return of the Armament of the English Batteries at the Commencement of each Bombardment at the Siege of Sebastopol, and the Expenditure of Ammunition during each Bombardment.
Armament of Batteries.
Bounds of Ammunition expended.
Dates.
Mortars.
Guns.
Total. |
From Mortars.
From Guns.
X
"a
«
"sc
3
Carcasses.
Total Number of R<
expended.
.a
w
X
o
e
i
X
"ofc
£
Lancaster. 1
h
o
1
a
a
»-*
»
c
3
a
S3
X
o
a
c b
'cj
o
68-pounder.
9*poundcr.
*3
a
00
fH
10-lnch.
|
GO
z
&
Lancaster.
24-pounder.
'S
a
g
a
ei
ec
cc
X
a
e
s
68-pounder.
-a
s
a
CO
1854:
October 17 -
—
10
—
—
4
30
7
16
—
5
—
72
—
2,745
—
370
7,112
5,711
5,943
—
—
—
—
21,881
1855 j
April 0
20
16
—
—
—
20
42
15
4
6
123
5.519
4,922
—
—
—
8,679
5,539
1,604
640
3,730
—
—
—
30,633
June 6
27
17
-
-
-
-
49
46
8
8
-
155
8,271
5,543
-
-
-
-
5,627
12,300
1,142
-
-
-
-
32,883
June 17
30
17
8
-
-
-
49
46
8
8
-
166
2,286
884
-
-
-
-
9,746
6,712
1,706
1,350
-
-
-
22,684
August 17 -
33
24
7
20
1
-
53
46
8
4
-
196
5,976
5,267
-
906
-
-
6,984
6,500
492
145
-
-
26,270
September 8
34
27
10
20
2
-
61
37
i
6
3
207
6,077
* 4,860
870
314
-
-
9,894
4,111
254
1,490
-
-
28,476
X
ight-Ba
11s and
Carcas
1
ses
300
105
405
i
I
C 28,729
24,221
870
1,220
370
15,791
137,170
4,234
6,721
300
105
163,232
Expended at intermediate times
-
-*»
C 10,607
.13,122
2,304
3,627
1,170
12,713
22,375
120,161
1,877
682
“
88,610
Total number of Rounds expended during the Siege
-
-
39,336
37,343
3,174
4,847
1,542
28,504
65,87G
57,331
6,111
6,721
682
300
105
251,872
The Expenditure of Gunjxiwder at the Siege was about 2,770,000 lbs.
The Small*Arm Ammunition expended during the Campaign was about 2,500,000 rounds.
The Secretary of State for War,
Ac. &e. &c.
War Office, Pall Mall.
(Signed) W. CATOR,
D.G., Royal Artillery,
1 st June 1857.
' No. 21.
A Requisition from the Trenches ! ! !
My bear Bourchier,
Do for goodness' sake send me over 500 gabions, 264 fascines, and 5,050 sandbags. I am regularly stumped up for sheeting and pickaxes. I leant an unlimited supply of the former and 100 of the latter.
Ever thine, Sfc.

LONDON:
Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoodb, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.

wasttSi
iyS'XSSSsfesn
C ** * f\ J- >• it ,* V-JJ, *■* ' lS * "tt, ^
v ' ^ % v ....„• /: .7 *„x r - ' ' v t\v\v.'
,;; , x I ; r >:\ • \_ c _ "
Ns^fc< ^ . '■»- ’ ^ '*-V ; a, ' ^ r~ i „' J
-■ ?#.'■- - ■:■>< .,>'*»•*!- .c -c ‘- ‘ b $ f -- v^
' 7* ;
it, • • . ... * >-•» »■, "•' ■*•!
■■••..•<■-• •■'.;•>•- * ■ , -"OTi-v^. . • .-ft,-
»f "t*** 4 ‘ S ^ * * H*“ vfw •—
. ...
- r - - . ' v
"x. *■ "7^ s# ’, -
. ■ T c w
”• ' v-'. \ \ V , * ^.SrwisT? ’
•**V .& ,§=
"V X \ , . v-^- : *T-5s: ix i|i.
i , % r > ^'4-t.^x ... * - , . - . * , . . , !«,r-Ly \
„ \.-•■ ■' .Vx :-•„.- V V V . \ -'' V. x,l ~ ~'" ' ~l * X"’yS : . .:■ r‘ -W
*v v,. * ', * •, 1 -• r ' ", ^ - - , 6 *** xf*■ ~“IT £££?,} j
' "*•’?: -r-: '->: . £
.l 1 ;'' ^ \;%x>7" J :?: /' V . '' j''" vs i
i.y k ' ■* ' t -> - **' -*r
"7"- v ; — Jvixw^* ' •:
'C * \ / s\^£i\fAC'ZlT \ z -2 : '*'') :i V^- ^
-v * . ^ v .* < ’ t '* l'*,'* f —C„ ^ ^ k __ ,1'z. r
* * :V'."' - '''' - T*"* , ‘-r-c'-i-’r “‘s- v r . **■;
' --s IV v -*" ^ - * v ? -
f rr V’’ ,"^ «';.' . ,J ;* ‘ .‘‘”'!’V > "*« ' *”
X *'“' *> ■ "'"x'"' •■ jV .**1 \; XX * X'*T ' **' : :^ ^ ;-. XX
sS^VT't'Ti "
-; xr.cv-v v*; ' ^
- s, *■ ■- t - . ^
t .. /\s,v*^r ", VX> -.; V.- .,.; .. ... . •; , ...
, ; ..i'., 'v % * x ^ •' ~i .'x* v x '^.";/-"V;
'' . , ', 2 ' ■• , * .j. •'■X . ” ' ” ' *" -‘V *’ J'-'
'" * V v'• •' ■ ;V'',:M;:‘ \ ’ v'- v '"- v "
*’ ,x ' , X^* X
*(- • " . *V - . /'
•.. t V* ' * * "*• **»■
X
'■&***
^'- ■■-■ ^^*i’’;C3rjT^x _ -
'’’’*,' Vf 1 /':

foiSteaeii
: !rVr (.-.
H i^iw t ny* .y
w.w£ i
iHV-Trt’V
Hpa ?v
P,‘W^

fa Mi
' yVV ' '■•■'yi-sA'
*®ss
KSKpS

ns
This Volume is presented by the
Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury
to_
and will, in the event of the Library being broken up, be returned to the Controller of Bet Majesty's Stationery Office, Westminster.
«
v v

■®is

SIEGE OE SEBASTOPOL.
AN ACCOUNT
OF THE
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
CONDUCTED BY THE
ROYAL ARTILLERY AND ROYAL NATAL BRIGADE BEFORE SEBASTOPOL
In 1854 and 1855.
COMPILED BY
W. EDMUND M. REILLY, C.B.,
Captain, Royal Artillery, and Brevet-Major (late brigade-major of the siege train).
LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE EDWARD EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.
1859.

iBSfSia
Vi.', v
r-;\ t
X;
•» > <i\
<«• >
Tit u;
Jilt ‘.t
'tkS
O'l i -1 <).[
KIOP-
BlifWi-Jlfo U3|Tftfort
iviA
Vif. r i tj#
4 -. 5 -^
■Lv.w^ h
WTimBm"* 1 *—'* 1 * ■ in i aii u'eivi, i

At the close of the War with Russia the following communication was made to the Horse Guards by the Secretary of State for War:—
War Department,
Sir, 30th September 1856.
I am directed by Lord Panmure to request that you will state to His Royal Highness the General Connnanding-in-Chief, that Lord Panmure considers it expedient, while the incidents of the Siege of Sebastopol are still recent, and the Officers who conducted the important operations of the British Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers at that Siege are still for the most part within reach, that an official record should be compiled relating all that is of interest or value to those arms of the Service, whether for future instruction or as a matter of history; a record that will be in some degree similar to those published by Colonel (afterwards Sir J.) Jones of the Sieges of the Peninsular War. Lord Panmure apprehends that there will now be no difficulty in collecting these facts, and preserving the experience acquired through them, although a short lapse of time may make it difficult; and I am to request that you will move His Royal Highness to call upon the Inspector-General of Fortifications and the Adjutant-General of Artillery to compile in a narrative form, with statistical Appendix, and with any illustrations required, all those particulars relating to their arm of the Service which they deem of professional value, and to embody the same in a Report for his Lordship’s information.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) John Croomes,
For the Under-Secretary of State.
a 2
The Military Secretary, Horse Guards.

The execution of the duty imposed by this Letter, as far as it related to the Artillery operations, was assigned to Major-General Sir Richard Dacres, K.C.B., who had been in command of the Royal Artillery in the Crimea from 5th November 1854 till the evacuation of the Crimea in June 1856.
Under his direction the following pages have been compiled.
The account of the earlier part of the Siege to the month of November is derived from personal recollections of Officers present during that period, and from various records and memoranda kept by the Assistant Adjutant- General of the Artillery and by Officers of the Royal Naval Brigade. The account of the remainder of the Siege is obtained from similar sources and a regularly kept Journal.
The work, it will be seen, has been carefully confined to its proper object, the recording of a detailed account of the Artillery operations strictly so called. Information as to the general objects of the different attacks, or the construction of particular works, must be sought for in the Royal Engineer Journal of the Siege, to which work the present is to be regarded as an accompaniment.
The Royal Engineer Journal is copiously illustrated with elaborate Maps and Plans, to which reference may be made for the elucidation of this volume.
In the Appendix are given amongst other papers a very valuable Report on the Ordnance in use during the Siege, a similar Report by the French Artillery on the English Ordnance lent to them, and various tables of statistics and other detailed information.
The Royal Naval Brigade, at first under Sir Stephen Lushington, K.C.B., and afterwards under Captain the Hon. Henry Keppel, bore a large and distinguished part in the Siege operations, in such close combination with the Royal Artillery that it has been considered desirable by the Naval Authorities thatjthe joint labours of the two Services should be jointly recorded.

CONTENTS
:■/
First Period of the Siege, Sept.—Nov. 1854 Preparations for opening Fire First Bombardment (17th October)
Second Period, Nov. 1854—April 1855 - Preparations for Second Bombardment Second Bombardment (9th April)
Third Period, April—June 1855
Preparations for Third Bombardment Third Bombardment (6tli June)
Fourth Period, June—Sept. 1855
Fourth Bombardment (17th June)
Fifth Bombardment (17th August)
Sixth and final Bombardment (5th September) Capture of the Place (8th September)
General Order, Despatches, &c.
Conclusion - - - -
Page
2-37 2 10 37-92 37 . 74 92-116 92 108 116-189 119 159 179 186 189 199
APPENDIX.
I.—Six Tables of Statistics .... . 205
Table 1.—Showing the Armament of the British Batteries at the Commencement of each Bombardment, also the Expenditure (Naval Brigade included) during each Bombardment - 205
„ " 2.—Casualties to Officers and Men. Mortars and Guns disabled - 206
„ 3.—Casualties; Officers’ Names - - - - 207
„ 4.—Showing the Quantity of Ammunition brought up to the Front during the Siege, and the Quantity remaining in the Trenches and Depots at the Fall of the Place - - - 208
„ 5.—Number of Pieces of Ordnance burst - - 208
„ 6.—Showing the Number of Guns in use during the Siege, and those
which became Unserviceable from the Fire of the Enemy and from Use - 209
II.—Return of the Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, and other Offensive Artillery Projectiles, thrown into Sebastopol by the British Siege Train, assisted by the Naval Brigade, during the whole Siege; compiled from the Morning Reports, by Colonel St. George, C.B., R.A., Commanding Siege Train - 209
III.—Report on the Ordnance used in the Siege, by a Committee consisting of Captain Carthew, R.A., Captain Bolton, R.A., and Lieutenant Hall, R.A.
222

VI
CONTENTS.
Page
IV._Report furnished at the Request of Sir Richard Dacrcs, K.C.B., upon the
British Siege Materiel placed at the Disposal of the French during the
Siege - -- -- -- -- 227
V._Return showing the Quantity of Ammunition the French received from the
British Stores between the 23d February and 9tli September 1855 - 229
VI.—General Remarks on Siege Equipment ----- 229
VII.—Memorandum on Transport ----- - 232
With the following Tables :—
Return of Ordnance and Ammunition conveyed by Royal Horse Artillery from Balnklava to the Front between the 23d February and 9tli September 1855 ------ 233
Return of Guns and Ammunition conveyed by Field Batteries, Royal Artillery, from Balnklava to the Front between the 23d February and 9th September 1835 ----- . 236
Return of Guns and Ammunition conveyed from Balaklnva to the Front by Artillery Waggons, between the 24th June and 9th September 1855 ------- 236
Return of Ordnance and Ammunition conveyed by Mules from Balnklava
to the Front between the 23d February and 9th September 1835 - 237
Return of Ordnance, Ammunition, See., sent from Balaklava by Railway
Conveyance between the 28th February and 9th September 1855 - 237
Return of Ammunition forwarded from Balaklava to the Front on the
7th and 8th September 1855 ----- 239
'VIII.—Memorandum of Tons Weight of Shot and Shell, &c. which can be forwarded
by the Railway per diem, Six Days per Week and Seven Days per Week 240
IX.—Returns showing the Number of Guns, &e. landed, and how accounted for - 241
Xo. 1.—.List of Vessels that landed Guns, Mortars, ike. at Balaklava,
between the 1st October 1854 and 8tli September 1855 - - 241
Xo. 2.—Return of Ordnance used in the Siege remaining serviceable - 242
Xo. 3.—Return of Ordnance used in the Siege remaining unserviceable 242
Xo. 4.—Return of Guns not accounted for in Tables 2 and 3 242
Recapitulation ------- 243
X.—Report on French Artillery Materiel, extracted from <! Le Moniteur
Universel,” 25th October 1856 - 243
XI_Xo. 1.—Etat faisant connaitre les Partages faits le ll c Octobre 1855 au
Grand Parc do l’Artillerie Framjaise, et le 21 e Octobre 1855 an Parc du Moulin, des Bouches a feu Russes reeueillies dans la place de Sebastopol depuis le 8 Septembre jusqu’a cette epoque - - 248
Xo. 2.—Etat des Bouches a feu Russes en Bronze reeueillies depuis le Part-age
fait le 21 e Octobre 1855, et dont on propose le Partage de la maniere suivante 248
Xo. 3.—Etat Recapitulatif des Bouches a feu Russes en Bronze reeueillies a Sebastopol, faisant connaitre la Repartition qui a ete faite entre les deux Xations Alliees - , , - - - 249

CONTENTS. VU
Page
XII_Return of Russian Iron Guns, Carronades, and Mortars found in Sebastopol,
and shipped by the British Army for England - - - 249
XIII. —Return of Russian Shot, Shell, &c. found in Sebastopol, and shipped by
the British Army for England ... « - 250
XIV. —Return of Russian Stores found in Sebastopol, and shipped by the British
Army for England - - - ... 250
XV.—Return of the Number aud Weight of Bells taken out of Sebastopol, and in
charge of Lieut.-Colonel St. George, Commanding Siege Train - - 251
XVI.—-Table showing Services of Officers of the Royal Artillery in the Trenches
before Sebastopol - - - ... 252
XVII.—Table showing Services of Medical Officers of the Royal Artillery in the
Trenches before Sebastopol - - ... 255
XVIII. —Naval Brigade.— Return of the Number of Men and Officers first Landed in the Crimea, with the Names of the Officers ; and the Number of Men and Officers, with the Names of the Officers, subsequently landed, and
the Date of landing ------- 256
Detailed Statement (A.)—Return of Number of Officers and Men of the Royal Marines landed from Her Majesty’s Ships for Service in the Crimea -------- 260
Detailed Statement (B.)—A List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval
Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol - - - - - 261
XIX. —Navat. Brigade. —Number of Gun’s Crow, Reliefs, &c. - - - 271
XX.—List of the English and French Ships engaged against the Forts of Sebastopol on the 17th October 1854 .... ~ 272
XXI.—List of Ships prepared to attack the Sea Side of Sebastopol on the 8th
September 1855 ------- - 273

SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
The expedition to the Crimea organized for the capture and destruction of Sebastopol and the Russian fleet, sailed from Varna in the first week of September 1854.
The troops embarked amounted to about 61,400 men, with 132 guns.
The British Siege Train forming part of the expedition consisted of eight Companies of Artillery, with 65 pieces of ordnance.
On the 14th September and following days the Allied Armies disembarked at Old Fort; on the 19th they commenced their march on Sebastopol, and having forced the passage of the Alma on the 20th, opened to themselves the \ road to Sebastopol, opposite to the North forts of which they encamped on the 24th.
It having been determined to attack the place from the South, the British Army was directed to march upon and occupy the town and port of Balaklava, there to establish its connection with the Fleet and with the stores of the Army, and form a convenient base of operations.
On the 26th September the British Army, under General Lord Raglan, entered the town of Balaklava; the French, under General Canrobert, arriving the same evening in the plain.
On the 27th the ships conveying the Siege Train entered the harbour of Balaklava and disembarked the officers and men.
On the 28th the disembarkation of the Siege equipment was commenced. The confined space of the harbour, the absence of proper wharfage to receive the guns, shot, and shell, greatly increased the labour of this operation ; but with the assistance of the sailors of the Royal Navy the whole materiel was landed in five days.
The ordnance consisted of—
20 8-inch guns (-50 cwt.).
30 24-pounders.
10 10-inch mortars.
5 5.\-inch mortars.
Total - - 65 with about 520 rounds per piece.
It having been finally arranged that the French Army should occupy the left of the line of attack, our Allies took possession of the harbour of Kamiesch
A

2
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
as a port of debarkation for their materiel, their position extending from the
sea to the Dockyard Creek Ravine.
From that point to Inkermann the ground was held by the British Army. The South side of the town was thus partially invested.
The Allied Armies commenced to take up their respective positions on the 28th, which operation occupied some days.
FIRST PERIOD OF THE SIEGE.
September—November 1854.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
Preparations for opening fire.
PREPARATIONS FOR OPENING FIRE.
The proposed line of the British Batteries being of considerable extent, and divided by a deep ravine, through which ran the Woronzoff Road into Sebastopol, it became necessary to establish a depot at each end of the position.
These depots were named the Right and the Left Siege Train parks.
An intermediate depot, half a mile from Balaklava, was formed to supply the Right and Left depots.
The officers and men were formed likewise into two divisions, and encamped at their respective depots, as follows :—
llight Attack.
Lieut.-Colonel Dickson, commanding.
Total el
Total effective Strength.
•Capt. C. L. D’Aguilar No. 6. Company, 2d Capt. E. Moubray 11th Battalion. 1 Lieut. J. E. Hope
11th Battalion. | Lieut. J. E. Hope
_ Lieut. G. S. Harward •2d Capt. E. Taswell
No. 7. Company, J Lieut. J. Sinclair 11th Battalion. | Lieut. J. Lyons
k 110
.Lieut. A. K. Rideout •Capt. H. F. Strange
No. 8. Company, J 2d Capt. J. Spurway lltli Battalion." 5 Lieut. E. J. Bredin .Lieut. H. W. Watson
-J
104
Lieut. C. E. Owen Lieut. C. E. Stirling Lieut. H. P. Tillard
No. 1. Company, 12th Battalion.
94
Total officers, non-commissioned officers, and men
403

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
3
Left Attack.
No. 2. Company, 12th Battalion.
No. 3. Company, 12th Battalion.
No. 6. Company, 12th Battalion.
No. 7. Company, 12th Battalion.
No. 2. Company, 11th Battalion,. (Detachment).
Major Irving commanding.
f Major C. E. Young | 2d Capt. G. C. Henry Lieut. W. II. Simpson Lieut. R. M'Kenzie Lieut. H. A. Nicoll "Major A. Irving Lieut. L. W. Penn ] Lieut. W. G. Andrews LLieut. D. G. Maclachlan f Lieut.-Col. H. S. Rowan < Lieut. C. E. Torriano L Lieut. H. J. Alderson Major J. N. A. Freese 2d Capt. S. P. Childers - Lieut. W. D. Guille _ Lieut. J. E. R. Keene
Lieut. W. J. Bolton
- > J
• J ■1
-1
123
120
70
98
50
Total officers, non-commissioned officers, and men -
461
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1S54.
Preparations for opening fire.
Grand Total.—Officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, in both Attacks - ...
The whole Siege Train was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Gambier; Adjutant, Captain Chermside ;
Commissary of Ordnance, Captain Taswell.
Deputy Assistant Commissary Hay ter Avas placed in charge of the Right depot, and Deputy Assistant Commissary Yellon in charge of the Left; each had under him a small number of artificers (civil and military), and eight serjeants, conductors of stores.
The transport of the guns and stores to the depots Avas immediately commenced, hut the means at our disposal Avere limited.
The Siege Train had no transport of its oavii. The horses of the Royal Artillery and Field Batteries Avere unsparingly used to accomplish the Avork, and suffered much in the service. Every vehicle that could be obtained Avas put in requisition for carrying stores ; the Avaggons of the Field Artillery Avere
a 2

4
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period, Sept.—Nov, 1854 .
Preparations for opening fire.
stripped for the purpose. Some assistance was also obtained from the arabas of the country. Ponies belonging to the small-arm ammunition brigades were employed in carrying up shot, slung in canvas bags, on their hacks.
The only road from Balaklava towards Sebastopol was a farm track, tolerably good during the fine weather with which we were at first favoured. Starting from the head of the harbour, it ran on a level for one mile and a quarter to the village of Kadikoi, where it commenced rapidly to ascend. The steep ascent continued for three quarters of a mile, after which a more gradual slope of two miles led to the point which received the name of Col de Balaklava. At this point the tracks diverged across the plateau to the Right and Left depots, distant from it respectively five and three miles, or nine and seven miles from the port of Balaklava.
To assist in the operations of the Siege, 732 sailors and 35 officers of the Royal Navy were landed, with 50 guns, 12 only of which were at first got up to the front.
The Naval Brigade, into which these officers and men were formed, was under the command of Captain Lushington, Royal Navy.
Spare travelling carriages were lent to the Naval Brigade, by means of which the sailors dragged up several of their heavy naval guns, the Royal Artillery with their horses, waggons, and trench carts, lending all the assistance possible for the transport of
The following are the names of landed:—
Captain Stephen Lushington.
,, William Peel. Commander William Burnett.
„ H. Hilly ar.
Lieutenant C. A. Jackson.
,, J. J. Kennedy.
,, G. A. Ridge.
,, W. L. Partridge.
,, W. H. Douglas.
„ Hugh Hathorn.
,, A. Whelingshurst.
,, R. Colville.
„ Hon. R. Capel.
,, Hon. M. Nelson.
,, A. Mitchell.
Mate George Trvon.
„ W. L. Holder.
„ William Gambier.
nr stores, shot, shell, &c. e officers of the Royal Navy who were
Mate J. C. Tucker.
Acting Mate F. H. Norman.
,, A. St. Clair.
„ J. G. Suttie.
,, W. Moriarty.
,, J. H. Spalding.
„ H. W. Mist.
„ W. D. D. Selby.
Midshipman J. B. Barnett.
,, H. L. Perceval.
„ H. E. Wood.
„ F. H. S. Flood.
,, Hon. S. Fitzclarence.
Assistant-Surgeon George Mason.
„ W. V. Reynolds.
Clerk G. W. Muir.
,, J. K. G. Browne.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
5
9 th October.
The following memorandum, directing the opening of the trenches, was this day issued from the Quartermaster General’s department:—
First Period Sept.—Nov. I8S4.
Preparations for opening fire.
Memorandum.
Camp before Sebastopol, 9th October 18o4.
A trench to be opened to-morrow night immediately after dark, along the line which has been proposed for batteries, at about 1,600 yards from the enemy’s works, and in front of the Third and Fourth Divisions, who will give a working party in the aggregate of 1,200 men, and 2,000 as a guard for their protection.
Captain Chapman, Royal Engineers, will make the arrangements for the Left, and Captain Gordon for the Right, will supply the tools, and cause them to be guided and set to work by officers of Sappers, under their orders.
It is desirable that the Light Division should provide a small force, say one battalion, and such portion of the Rifle Brigade as Sir George Brown may see fit, well in advance to protect the right of these works.
The whole of these parties will be conducted to the ground by officers of Royal Engineers, under cover, and the guard lodged under the heights (also under cover) that are immediately in rear of the works proposed to be executed, throwing out advanced picquets and sentries, to give warning of any attack, which, if made, will be determinedly resisted.
At daylight in the morning, the advanced posts, that are not under cover, will be brought in, and part of the guard will take part in the new work.
The working party will be relieved just before daylight by a working party of such strength as may be demanded by Captains Gordon and Chapman, Royal Engineers.
Note. —The following is the French “ Ordre du jour ” of the 10th October :—
Ordre du 10 Octobre 1854, pour l’ouverture de la tranchue devant Sebastopol.
“ Etat-major-General du Commandant en Chef.
“ Ce soir les 1,600 travailleurs commandes pour les travaux a executer cette nuit sur le mamelon de la maison “ brulee, devront etre rendus avec tous les officiers des compagnies, savoir ;
“ 800 a cinq heures au depot de tranchue, situe pres de la maison dite des carriores, oii ils recevront chacun une " pelle et une pioche.
“ Ces 800 travailleurs portant les outils sur l’epaule et le fusil en bandouliere seront divises en deux colonnes de “ 400 chacune, qui se mettront en marche sous la direction d’un officier du genie.
“ Arrives au depot des gabions, qui sera forme derriere le mur interieur de l’enclos de la maison brulee, ils charge- “ ront, au commandement de l’officier du genie, un gabion chacun, et seront conduits et repartis par lui sur 1’emplace- “ ment oil ils auront a ouvrir la tranchue.
“ Apres avoir depose doucement a terre le gabion, qui sera place par un sous-officier du genie, ils piaceront leurs “ outils et leurs armes a trois pas environ en arriere ; puis se coucheront a l’abris du gabion jusqu’au commandement «■ de haul les bras, qui sera donne par l’oflicier du genie.
« Les 800 autres travailleurs devront etre rendus au meme depot de tranchue ii huit heures du soir. Le travail « S era partage en reprises de trois heures chacune, de telle sorte que les hommes qui auront etc mis a l’oeuvre a six “ heures seront releves a neuf, se reposeront jusqu’a minuit, et reprendront alors leur travail jusqu’a trois heures ;
apres quoi ils seront ramenes au camp.
* * * * * » * *
Ces sentinelles au besoin seront pourvues d’une pelle et d'une pioche, pour se faire un abri en creusant un trou “ dans le sol.
« XI sera recommande a toutes les troupes, et particulierement aux gardes avancees, d’observer le plus grand silence, « et de s’abstenir de tirer, pour eviter d’appeler le feu des batteries de l’ennemi sur les travailleurs.”

6
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
Preparations for opening fire.
The guard and working parties will be under the command of a Brigadier-General from each of the two Divisions (Third and Fourth), and a report sent to head quarters one hour after daylight; and immediately, should any very extraordinary occurrence take place.
(Signed) Richard Airey,
Quartermaster-General.
10 th October.
The Engineers broke ground this evening ; the enemy opened a fire upon the working parties, but with little effect.
During this day and the following, the Royal Artillery and Naval Brigade continued bringing up ammunition and stores to the depots.
The principal points against which the British attack was directed were the Great Redan, and the Malakoff Tower, round which the Russians had thrown up an earth-work armed with heavy ordnance.
The Batteries were therefore constructed to reduce the fire of these works and their supporting batteries, viz., the Garden, Barrack, and Redan Wall Batteries.
The Garden Battery commanded to some extent the left of our Left Attack ; it was about 1,500 yards distant and heavily armed.
The Barrack Battery was a low earth-work, most advantageously placed on the crest of the hill running in front of the barracks from which it derived its name. It was heavily armed, and capable of directing its fire both on our Right and on our Left Attacks, and of affording a powerful flanking defence to the Redan.
The Redan Wall was a battery (at this moment not very formidable) commenced to the right of the Redan, behind a wall running between that work and the barracks.
The Russians were still working at the Redan itself, and at the earthworks round the Malakoff Tower.
The occasional shots which the enemy fired showed that all their batteries were armed with guns of a large calibre; and by means of guns stuck in the ground they threw shot into our camps, causing several casualties in the Fourth Division behind Cathcart’s Hill.
12th October.
The Batteries being considerably advanced, and affording tolerable cover, we commenced sending down, after dusk, platforms, shot, shell, &c.
Some heavy firing from the Town.
u
13 th October.
We continued sending down shot, shell, &c. to the Batteries.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
/
14//i October.
The Batteries being nearly completed, the operation of arming them was commenced.
The men and horses of the Royal Horse Artillery and Field Batteries assisted in this work.
Although the works were 1,400 to 1,500 yards distant from the Town, every precaution was used to prevent the enemy from discovering our parties.
At one or two periods during the night the enemy fired rather heavily, but no casualty occurred in the Royal Artillery or Naval Brigade.
Mr. George Hale (acting gunner) joined the Naval Brigade this day.
1 5th October.
f
The arming of the Batteries was continued.
The officers and men of the Royal Artillery and Naval Brigade laboured unceasingly to complete this work, receiving little annoyance from the enemy.
No casualties occurred among the officers or men.
Two Artillery horses were killed by a round shot.
\Gth October.
The following was the state of the armament of the Batteries this morning:—
Right Attack.
Number of Battery.
Description of Piece.
Object at which fired.
Eange : Yards.
By
whom Manned.
i.
2 10-incli mortars
Shipping in Dockyard Creek -
—
Royal Artillery.
n. {
2 24-pounders -
C For battery in front of cottages and .
1,100
2 8-incli guns
t ship in Creek - - - J
III.
6 8-incli guns
Redan - - - -
1,370
J>
IY.
7 32-prs. (naval)-
Tower ....
1,753
Royal Navy. (
Y.
4 24-pounders
Against Town and sweeping the plain
1,300
Royal Artillery.
YI.
3 10-inch mortars
Town -
1,500
». ;
First Perioix Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
Preparations for opening fire.

8
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fibbt Pekiou. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
Preparations for opening fire.
Left Attack.
Number of Battery.
Description of Piece.
Object at which fired.
lian<re : Yards.
By !
•whom Manned. |
1 { f
4 8-inch guns
8 24-pounders
3 8-inch guns
1 Redan and Tower - - { ^ ef ^ n
J [ * ower
1,340 \ 2,200 /
Royal Artillery. |
!
11 {
5 24-pounders
2 Lancasters
>Redan and enfilading its left face -
1,340
Royal N avy.
m. {
6 24-pounders
2 8-inch guns
1 Tower and Redan, enfilading its r
J left face - - -1
1,340
2,200
7 by Royal Navy. 1 by Royal Art.
,V.{
5 24-pounders
1 8-inch gun
| Flagstaff Battery, or Bastion du Mat
1,800
Royal Artillery.
Y.
5 10-inch mortars
f Shipping in Dockyard Creek, ~)
1 houses, barracks, &c. - - J
About 1 1,600 /
>>
Besides these batteries there were two others detached from our line of trenches: —
First.—The Lancaster Battery—in rear of and between tbe Right and Left Attacks, near the Light Division Picquet-house, which contained one Lancaster gun, 95 cwt. (landed from Her Majesty’s ship “ Beagle ”), intended to fire against the line-of-battle ship which was careened over at the head of the Dockyard Creek, to sweep the Woronzoff Road, where it runs between the two Attacks.
Second.—The 5-Gun Battery—to the right of the first parallel of the Right Attack, with one Lancaster gun, 9-5 cwt., also four 68-pounders, 95 cwt., from Her Majesty’s ships “Terrible” and “ Retribution.” This Battery was intended to oppose and breach the Malakoff Tower.
The total number of pieces was 73, of which the Royal Artillery manned 43, and the Royal Navy 30.
The Batteries were reported ready to open their fire.
Lord Raglan issued the following order :—
Before Sebastopol, 16th October 1854.
1. The fire upon Sebastopol will commence to-morrow morning about half past six o’clock from the French and English batteries, in co-operation with the combined fleets.
2. The precise moment of opening the fire, however, will be indicated by the successive discharge of three mortars from the centre of the works of the French army.
3. The troops off duty will remain in their respective camps, ready to fall in at a moment’s notice, without their knapsacks, great coats, or blankets.
4. The horses will be attached to the field batteries.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
9
5. There will be with each division parties of Sappers, consisting of 20 men under an officer of Engineers, ready to carry picks and shovels, crowbars and sledges, bags of powder prepared, felling axes, and scaling ladders.
6. Each division will also have with it a detachment of 20 artillerymen under an officer of Artillery, with rockets, and spikes for guns (the latter are only to be used in the event of the troops having to retire from a battery).
7. The arrangement for collecting the several articles above enumerated will be carried out by the officer of Engineers and the officer of Artillery.
8. The Generals of Divisions will make every arrangement for the ready communication of the troops with the reserve musket ammunition, which, however, need not be placed upon the horses until ordered.
9. Previously to the opening of the fire, all the advanced picquets, with the exception of the men selected to fire into the embrasures, will be withdrawn, under the direction of the general officer on duty in the trenches, and retire under cover to their respective camps.
10. The covering parties in the trenches will be kept clear of the batteries, and such of them as cannot find cover in the trenches will be moved to such positions in the rear of the flank as will insure their being at hand to protect the batteries, whilst they will be themselves screened from the enemy’s fire.
These covering parties will be moved as the commanding officer of the party may see occasion, in consequence of the fire of the enemy ; where the whole trench is occupied by guns, the covering party must be placed as above stated, under adequate cover, in the immediate neighbourhood.
11. The working parties will remain in the trenches, or be withdrawn, according to the directions of the commanding Engineer.
12. As it is possible that the field batteries may be required to move, the senior Artillery officer of the division, and the officer commanding each battery, will make themselves acquainted with the communications to their right and left.
13. The cavalry, under Lieut.-General the Enrl of Lucan, and the troops of all arms, under Major-General Sir Colin Campbell (British and Turkish), posted for the defence of Balaklava, will be held in readiness throughout the day to act on the shortest notice.
14. The meat for the men’s dinners will be cooked as early as possible to-morrow morning, in case of the army having to move forward.
15. In the event of an advance, the Commander of the Forces particularly requests the general officers commanding divisions and brigades, the commanding officers of regiments, and the officers commanding companies, to impress upon the men the urgent necessity of maintaining their
' formation, and keeping their order.
16. The success of any operation they may be called upon to undertake, their honour, and indeed their own individual safety, depend upon their being under complete control, ready to repel any attack or to overcome any resistance that may be opposed to them.
Lord Raglan will be at the Quarries in front of the Third (Sir Richard England’s) Division.
17. General Canrobert will be at the Maison d’Eau, on the left of the British line, and on the right of the French position.
(Signed) Raglan.
All the necessary arrangements for commencing the fire were accordingly made. Small stores, handspikes, &c. were sent down to the Batteries. The magazines were stocked, but their capacity was limited; they did not hold sufficient powder for one day’s firing.
Directions were given that the Batteries should be fully manned by daylight.
B
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
Preparations for opening fire.

10
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854.
Preparations for opening fire.
First
Bombardment.
The first relief consisted of—
Right Attack - - 10 officers, 113 men
Left Attack - 8 officers, 139 men
of the Royal Artillery.
The Naval Brigade, who gave larger detachments to their guns than the Royal Artillery, had about 200 men in the trenches.
Many of the officers and men of the first relief had spent the whole of the night on fatigue in the trenches.
The night passed in comparative quietness.
The Batteries were fully manned and everything in perfect readiness by 6.30 a.m. to commence the bombardment.
FIRST BOMBARDMENT.
11th October.
At daylight the enemy commenced a heavy cannonade upon our trenches; but a thick fog obscuring our Batteries, the fire did little damage.
At 6 a.m. the fog rolled up, and the day became bright and clear.
Shortly before 6.30 the embrasures of our Batteries were unmasked, and at that hour the appointed signal was given, and the First Bombardment commenced along the whole line.
The Russians in a few moments replied with telling effect. The number of their guns was to ours as three to one. On most points their metal was superior to ours, on all points superior to that of the French.
By 8.30 the 5-Gun battery on the Right had established its superiority over the Malakoff Tower, which was reduced to ruins, and its four guns were dismounted.
Note.— The following was the armament of the French batteries :—
No. I.
(Marine) ...
7
canons de
30
2
obusiers de 22
No. n.
a m
8
U
30
4
„ 22
No. in.
-
6
mortiers de
24
2
mortiers de 22
No. IV.
(Batterie du fort Genois) -
6
canons de
24
2
» 22
No. V.
(Batteries a trois faces) l re face
-
-
4
obusiers de 22
2' face
4
canons de
24
3' face
2
tt
24
et
2
16
4 obusiers de 22 sont seuls en etat de faire fen.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
11
The battery in front of the Tower was several times silenced from the F gept—Xov D * Right Attack, whose batteries, notwithstanding the heavy fire upon them, were issl served with admirable precision and energy. First
The Lancaster Battery (one gun) played at the line-of-battle ship at the I5onib ” dment - head of the Dockyard Creek, but not with any result; though fired with great care, the projectile was most erratic.
No. IV. Battery fired in salvoes at the Redan ; the Battery was manned and armed from Her Majesty’s ship “ Diamond,” Captain Peel.
The 8-inch guns appeared to make some impression upon the Redan ; the firing at the shipping was without any result.
On the Left our batteries were being worked with equal gallantry and steadiness. The Russian fire from the Garden and Barrack batteries was extremely severe, and the effect was increased by the French finding themselves unable to give us that support which they had intended.
No. I. Battery had commenced by directing some of its guns against the Malakoff; but the distance being 2,200 yards, it discontinued, and directed its attention entirely to the works and Town in front of it. This Battery fired red-hot shot with some effect, the Town being set on fire in several places.
About 9 o’clock a most violent explosion was heard on our Left, which proved to be that of a large magazine of the French battery in front of the Bastion du Mat; this unfortunate accident destroyed the battery and completely silenced its guns.
Several other explosions followed, and by 10 a.m. the French batteries were silent. This misfortune drew a larger proportion of fire on our Left Attack ; but not so much as might have been expected, the Russians continuing to fire steadily at the silent French batteries, to prevent their being repaired.
About noon the Fleet advanced to attack the sea forts, but did not cause the land works to relax their fire.
The magazines of the Right Attack running short of powder, Lieut.-Col.
Dickson sent a demand to Lieut.-Col. Gambier for more. It was a difficult and dangerous operation to bring ammunition waggons into the trenches under so heavy a fire ; but the duty was most gallantly performed by the men of H Field Battery, under Lieut. Maxwell, Royal Artillery, who galloped the waggons across the open to the trenches amidst the loud cheers of the gunners and sailors.
Lieut. Maxwell’s conduct was warmly noticed.
The conduct of Lieut.-Col. Dickson on this occasion, in directing the unloading of the waggons, and personally assisting in conveying the ammunition into the Batteries, was also very much noticed, and he has since received for it the Victoria Cross.

12
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
•First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854.
First
Bombardment.
No casualties to the men occurred in the operation, hut a waggon containing a dozen cases was exploded.
About 2 o’clock another explosion took place in and destroyed a French battery.
At 3 o’clock the magazine in the Redan exploded, and that work was silenced; the Right and Left Attacks dispute the credit of sending the successful shell. The gunners and sailors gave loud cheers, and fired shot and shell into the damaged work, which for the remainder of the day feebly replied from one or two guns.
For some minutes at this period of the day we appeared to have got the Russian fire under, opposite our Attacks. Opposite the French, the enemy remained unsubdued.
The firing was continued till dusk, when the Engineers commenced repairing the batteries, and the Artillery replenishing the magazines, and replacing disabled 'ordnance, &c.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 3
Wounded - ,, ,, 18
Left Attack.—Wounded - ,, ,, 6
Total - - 27
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Officers „ - Men -
Wounded - Officers
Men
(Hon. C. B. H. Ruthven.) - 1
- 5
(Assistant Surgeon, G. Mason.)
(Mate, W. Sanctuary.)
( „ S. S. Bullock.) - - 3
- 11
Total - - 20
Grand Total - - 47
Note.— General Canrobert on the 18th October writes as follows to the French Minister of War
“ Hier au lever du soleil nous avons ouvert le feu de concert avec l'annee Anglaise. Les choses etaient en bonne :: voie, iorsque l’explosion d’un magasin a poudre de batterie, qui malheureusement etait considerable, a jete quelque “ trouble dans notre attaque.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
13
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack - 2 gun wheels disabled.
3 Madras platforms destroyed ; replaced by common platforms.
Left Attack - 1 Lancaster gun, 50 cvvt., burst. 5 carriages disabled.
2 platforms disabled.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Captain William Moorsom, Assistant Surgeon John Ward.
„ John Colter,
of the Royal Navy.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
First
Bombardment.
18th October.
The bombardment was continued at daylight; the enemy, having repaired his works and remounted the guns in the Redan, replied with a formidable fire.
We had to bear the entire brunt of "this day’s cannonade, the French being silent.
Some shells with Valenciennes composition were thrown into the town from the Right Attack, and caused temporary small fires.
A powder magazine in the Redan was blown up during the day by a shell from the Lancaster gun.
“ L’ennemi en a profite pour multiplier ses feux, et d’aceord avec le general commandant l’artillerie j’ai juge que “ nous etions dans la neccssite de suspendre le notre pour faire nos reparations et completer vers notre droite, par de “ nouvelles batteries qui se rapprocberont de cclles de l’armee Anglaise, le septieme [?] de notre attaque.
“ La place a mieux soutenu le feu qu’on ne le croyait; l’enceinte dans son enorme developpement en ligne droite, “ portant tout ce qu’elle peut recevoir en gros calibre de marine, lui permet de prolonger la lutte.
“ Les batteries Anglaises sont dans le meilleur ctat possible ; elles ont re£u neuf nouveaux mortiers qui doivent pro- “ duire un grand effet. Dejii bier, il y a eu dans la batterie qui entoure la tour situce a la gauche de la place, une “ explosion immense, qui a du faire beaucoup de mal a l’ennemi,”

14
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
* First Bombardment.
In the Royal Artillery :— Right Attack.—Killed
Wounded
Left Attack. — Wounded
Casualties.
Non-commissioned officers and men 2
99 99
99 99
4
0
Total
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men -
Wounded - Officers - (Lieut. J. N. Norman.)
(Mate, Mr. G. Try on.)
„ - Men - -
12
2
2
17
Total - - 21
Grand Total - - 33
Several carriages and platforms in both Attacks were disabled. 24-pounder rockets were sent down at night.
Lord Raglan to the Duke of Newcastle.
My Lord Duke, Before Sebastopol, 18th October 1854.
It was arranged between General Canrobert and myself that the batteries of the two armies should open immediately after daylighf on the morning of the I7tli; and wo invited Admiral Dundas and Admiral Hamelin to attack the enemy’s works at the mouth of the harbour, with the combined fleets, as nearly simultaneously as circumstances might permit.
Accordingly, upon a signal being given from the centre of the French lines, the batteries of the two armies commenced their fire about a quarter before seven yesterday morning.
On this occasion we employed about 60 guns, of different calibres, the lightest being 24-pounders.
It may be here proper to observe, that the character of the position which the enemy occupy on the south side of Sebastopol is not that of a fortress, but rather of an army in an entrenched camp on very strong ground, where an apparently unlimited number of heavy guns, amply provided with gunners and ammunition, are mounted.
The guns having opened as above stated, a continuous and well-directed fire was carried on from the works of the two armies until about ten o’clock A.M., when, unfortunately, a magazine in the midst of one of the French batteries exploded, and occasioned considerable damage to the works, and I fear many casualties, and almost paralysed the efforts of the French artillery for the day.
The British batteries, however, manned by sailors from the fleet,.under the command of Captain Lusliington and Captain Peel, and by the Royal Artillery, under the superintendence of Lieut.- Colonel Gambier, kept up their fire with unremitting energy throughout the day, to my own and the general satisfaction, as well as to the admiration of the French army, who were witnesses of their gallant and persevering exertions, materially injuring the enemy’s works, and silencing the

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
15
heavy guns on the top of the loop-holed tower to which I adverted in my despatch of the I'ibst Pebioh. 13th instant, and many of the guns at its base, and causing an extensive explosion in the rear of Sept—Nov. a strong redoubt in our immediate front; the enemy, notwithstanding, answered to the last from 185 *' a number of guns along their more extended line. First
The fire was resumed this morning at daylight by the British sailors and Artillery, and Bombardment responded to, though in a somewhat less degree, by the Russians ; but the French troops, being occupied in the repair of their batteries, and in the formation of others, have not contributed to the renewal of the attack, except from a work on their extreme left; they expect, however, to be able to do so to-morrow morning.
******
The English, French, and Turkish fleets moved towards the mouth of the harbour about noon, and kept up a heavy fire upon the enemy’s forts for several hours.
I am not fully acquainted with the details of the attack or its result; but I understand that Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons, with the “ Agamemnon ” and “ Sanspareil,” assisted occasionally by the “ London,” “ Queen,” and “ Albion,” gallantly approached to within six hundred yards of Fort Constantine, the great work at the northern entrance, where he maintained himself till late in the afternoon, and succeeded in exploding a magazine, and causing considerable injury to the face of the fort.
******
I have, &c.
His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, (Signed) Raglax.
&e. &c. &c.
19 th October.
The fire continued as on the 18th. The enemy’s fire was quite unsubdued. 24-pounder rockets were fired with some effect from both Attacks. Some carcasses were thrown from the Left Attack, and houses in the Town were continually on fire.
In the evening the enemy’s fire considerably slackened.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Lieutenant Richard Courtenay,
Assistant Surgeon J. Wallace, with 59 seamen,
of the Royal Navy.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 5 In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men - .... 2
Wounded - - - - - - - 9
Total
11
Grand Total
16

16
.SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept,—Nov. 1854 .
A gunner of the Royal Artillery, when on fatigue at night in the trenches of the Right Attack, lost his way and was taken prisoner.
First
Bombardment.
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 8-inch gun carriage disabled. Left Attack. — 2 24-pounders disabled.
20 th October.
Our firing this day was not so rapid as on the previous days.
The Town was again on fire in several places, caused by the Valenciennes composition and red-hot shot.
In the afternoon the enemy’s fire was apparently much overcome.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 8 Left Attack.— „ Officers (Major Young) - - 1
,, Non-commissioned officers and men 3
Total 12
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Officers (Lieut. G. H. H. Greathead) - - - 1
,, - Men - ------ -2
Wounded - Officers (Lieuts. A. Mitchell and W. Moorsom) - 2 ,, - Men --------- 9
Total - - 14
Grand Total - - 26
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 8-inch gun disabled.
Left Attack.—1 rocket tube disabled.
A 68-pounder, 95 cwt., w r as taken into position on the left of the first parallel, Left Attack, by the Royal Navy, and placed in a new embrasure of a battery afterwards called No. V.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
17
H\st October.
First Period. Sept—Nov. 1854 .
Our fire this day was considerably reduced (our ammunition was running Bombardment, low). The French, however, who had been labouring with energy to reconstruct and re-arm their batteries, opened this morning with success ; the Russian fire was very slack in return.
The enemy’s works at dusk appeared to have been very much damaged, and many guns were silent.
The Engineers commenced a new Battery on the French side of the ravine, between our Left Attack and the French Right, to fire down the Dockyard Creek ; it was for three guns and two mortars. This Battery was afterwards called No. VI., or Picquet-house Battery.
It being considered advisable to bring the 68-pounders in the 5-Gun Battery nearer to the Town, they were directed to be brought into the first parallel of the Right Attack. This work was commenced this night by the sailors.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Wounded - ,, „ r t
Left Attack.—Wounded „ „ 1
Total - 7
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Officers (Mr. Bullock, Mate) - - - 1
„ - Men - - - 5
Total 6
Grand Total - - 13
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 8-inch gun disabled.
1 14-pounder gun carriage disabled.
Left Attack.— 1 68-pounder, 95 cwt., which had been got into position the night before, destroyed.
c

18
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept —Nov. 1854 .
First
Bombardment.
2 2d October.
The fire on our side increased, a transport vessel having arrived with ammunition.
The French had a greater number of pieces in action than yesterday.
We fired hot shot and rockets with some effect.
The enemy appeared to regulate his fire by ours. His works, especially the Redan and the Barrack Battery, were considerably damaged.
This afternoon a 24-pounder in No. I. Battery, Left Attack, when being fired with hot shot, burst, killing two men and wounding four.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack :—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2
Left Attack :—Killed
Wounded
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men-
Wouruled - Officers (Lieut. W. M. Dowell) „ - Men - - -
Total
Total
Grand Total
2
6
10
o
1
9
1-2
•)•>
Ordnance , frc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 Lancaster gun and carriage disabled.
1 8-inch gun damaged, but still serviceable.
Left Attack.— 1 24-pounder burst and 2 carnages disabled.
23c/ October.
The fire continued on both sides as usual.
In the evening we had the misfortune to lose Captain Childers, Royal Artillery, who, when marking the effect of his fire over the parapet of No. I. Battery, Left Attack, was struck on the top of the head by a round shot; death was instantaneous.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
19
Orders were given to the Batteries to reduce their fire ; and the following i'ibst period letter on the subject of the supply of ammunition was addressed to Lord Sep i 854 N °' Raglan by General Fox Strangways, commanding Royal Artillery :— First
Bombardment.
Brigadier-General Fox Strangways to Lord Raglan.
My Lord, Camp before Sebastopol, 23d October 1854.
I have the honour to inform your Lordship of the number of guns and amount of ammunition at present remaining available with the Siege Train ; viz.:
25 24-pounders.—500 rounds per gun.
15 8-inch guns.—250 rounds hollow shot per gun, without powder.
00 rounds common shell per gun.
10 10-inch mortars—50 shells per mortar.
The above includes hollow shot for 8-inch guns arrived in “ Tynemouth.” Under the circumstances, I consider it would be desirable if your Lordship could obtain from the Royal Navy the following ammunition ; viz.:
1,500 8-inch common shells, with fuzes, bursting powder, &c.
3,000 cartridges filled for 8-inch guns, at 8 lbs. each.
1,500 cartridges, empty, for 8-inch guns.
I have given directions that the firing shall be slow from the Batteries, more especially from the mortars, as there is no possibility of obtaining a further supply,
(Signed) T. Fox Strangways,
Brigadier-General, R.H.A.
Great complaints had been made throughout as to the failure of much of the mortar practice, owing to the premature bursting of shells consequent upon the use of extremely bad fuzes, which were almost all of date 1854; they had apparently been very irregularly driven. A report on the subject was made by Lieutenant-Colonel Dickson to the Officer commanding Siege Train.*
The enemy’s fire was considerably less in the evening.
* Some fuzes of 1798 afterwards received were considerably better.
c 2

20
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
First
Bombardment.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :— Right Attack.—Killed
Wounded
5?
Left Attack.—Killed
Non-commissioned officers and men 2 Officers (Capt. Moubray and Lieut.
Hope) - - 2
Non-commissioned officers and men 6 Officers (Capt. Childers) - - 1
Total - 11
In the Naval Brigade :— - Nil.
Ordnance , §c. disabled.
Right Attack.—The 8-inch gun damaged yesterday completely disabled this day.
Left Attack.—The rear transoms of two 10-inch mortars broken by firing. One 32-pounder carriage destroyed.
One 10-inch mortar was moved into the Picquet-house Battery, Left Attack.
Lord Raglan to the Duke of Newcastle.
Before Sebastopol, 23rd October 1854.
My Lord Duke,
The operations of the Siege have been carried on unremittingly since I addressed your Grace on the 18th instant.
On that afternoon, the French batteries not having been able to rc-open, the enemy directed their guns almost exclusively on the British intrcnchments, and maintained a very heavy fire upon them till the day closed, with less damage, I am happy to say, to the works, and with fewer casualties than might have been anticipated.
On the following morning, shortly after daylight, General Canrobert not only resumed his fire from the batteries which had been injured, but materially added to the weight of his attack by the fire of batteries which he had caused to be constructed the previous day ; and these have continued ever since ; and he has had in his power to push his approaches forward, and like the English, materially to injure the defences of the place ; but these are as yet far from being subdued, neither is a serious diminution of their fire perceivable.
Our fire has also been constant and effective ; but the enemy having at their disposal large bodies of men, and the resources of the fleet and arsenal at their command, have been enabled by unceasing exertions to repair their redoubts to a certain extent, and to replace many of the guns that have been destroyed in a very short space of time, and to resume their fire from works which we had succeeded in silencing.
This facility of repairing and re-arming the defences naturally renders the progress of the assailants slower than could be wished ; and I have it not in my power to inform your Grace, with anything like certainty, when it may be expected that ulterior measures may be undertaken.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
21
******
The naval batteries have continued their exertions without intermission; and I regret to have to report the death of two gallant officers of the Royal Navy, the Honourable Lieutenant Ruthven, who has died of his wounds, and Lieutenant Greathead, of Her Majesty’s ship “ Britannia both are universally regretted. The latter received a mortal wound while laying a gun, after having, to use the language of Brigadier-General Eyre, who was then in charge of the trenches, “ performed his duty in the batteries in a manner that excited the admiration of all.”
******
First 1’ekioi;. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
First
Bombardment
I have, 8cc. (Signed) Raglan.
~2Ath October.
The fire on both sides was much the same as yesterday.
The Town was again set on fire.
The following joined the Naval Brigade this day :—
Lieut. J. C. Hewson. Mate, Thomas Hooper.
,, H. S. Maitland. Midshipman, G. S. Sinclair.
,, E. W. Harding. „ C. Hayward.
„ R. B. Oldfield.
With 1 boatswain and 201 seamen of the Royal Navy.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 2
Wounded ,, „ 1
Left Attack. — Wounded ,, ,, 1
Total - - 4
In the Naval Brigade
Killed - Men - - - - - 1
Wounded - Officers (Lieut. A. C. Steel) - - - 1
„ - Men ... . ... 4
Total - - 6
Grand Total - - 10
Ordnance, fyc. disabled. Lett Attack.— 1 24-pounder gun disabled.

22
. SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 -
First
Bombardment.
25 th October.
The firing in the Right Attack to-day was very much reduced, the Royal Artillery only firing 150 rounds, and the Naval Brigade in proportion.
The officers and men in each relief were reduced one half, as there was not sufficient ammunition to keep all the guns in action.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery
Right Attack_Wounded - Non-connnissioncd officers and men 2
Left Attack.—Wounded - . „ „ 1
Total - - 3
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men - - - - - - 4
Grand Total - 7
Ordnance, Qc. disabled.
Right Attack.— 1 8-incli gun disabled, and 1 8-incli gun damaged, hut not seriously.
Left Attack.—2 24-pounders disabled ; also 1 8-incli gun disabled.
At night two 32-pounders, 56 cwt., Naval guns, were sent into No. IV. Battery, Left Attack, to replace two unserviceable 8-incli guns.
2 &h October.
Our fire was the same as yesterday.
The enemy’s fire remained quite unsubdued.
The rapid firing had rendered many of the guns unserviceable besides those disabled by the enemy’s fire. Several 32-pounders, 56 cwt-., landed from the Navy, with 200 rounds per gun, were brought up to the depot, for the purpose of supplying damages.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery: —
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - - Men
Wounded - - Men
Nil.
1
1
Total

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
23
Ordnance , §c. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 gun disabled.
1 platform damaged.
Left Attack. — 1 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
The following joined the Naval Brigade this day :—
Acting Mate, Mr. P. Brock ; with 54 seamen.
‘11th October.
The fire continued as usual.
In the afternoon a Lancaster gun in the Left Attack burst, slightly wounding a gunner of the Royal Artillery.
At night 32-pounders were sent down to both Attacks to replace disabled guns.
No. VII. Battery, Right Attack, was commenced ; it was for Coehorn mortars, to shell the rifle-pits in front of the Redan.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2 In the Naval Brigade:— - - - - Nil.
First Period. Sept. —Not. 1854 .
First
Bombardment
Ordnance , $’c. disabled.
Right Attack.—2 gun carriages damaged.
Left Attack.— 1 Lancaster gun burst. 1 gun-wheel and axletree destroyed. 1 mortar bed broken, and 1 gun carriage damaged.
'2%tk October.
Our fire continued as before. The Russian fire was very slack At night we continued replacing disabled ordnance.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2 In the Naval Brigade:— - - - - Nil.
Ordnance , §‘c. disabled.
Left Attack.—3 24-pounder gun carriages partially disabled.

24
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
First Period.
Sept..—Nov.
1854 .
First Lord Raglan to the Di ke of Newcastle.
Bombardment.
Before Sebastopol, 28th October 1854.
My Lord Duke,
I have nothing particular to report to your Grace respecting the operations of the Siege since I wrote to you on the 23rd instant.
The fire lias been somewhat less constant, and our casualties have been fewer; though I regret to say that Captain Childers, a very promising officer of the Royal Artillery, was killed on the evening of the 23rd.
******
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
29 th October.
The state of the armament in the Batteries this morning was as follows : —
Right Attack.
Number of Guns.
Nature.
By -whom manned.
6
24-pounders
Royal Artillery.
2
8-incli guns
>>
3
32-pounders
>>
2
68 „ - -
Royal Navy
6
32 „ - -
1
Lancaster, 95 cwt.
3
10-inch mortars -
Royal Artillery.
3
<>2 » *
>>
2
28
10 „
Total.
5>
m

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
25
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
First
Bombardment.
11
24-pounders
Royal Artillery.
2
8-inch guns
99
2
32-pounder3
99
8
24 „ - - -
Royal Navy.
5
8-inch guns
91
4
32-pounders
99
2
68 „ 65 cwt.
99
I
68 „ 95 „
99
4
10-inch mortars -
Royal Artillery.
39
Total.
The quantity of ammunition remaining was :—
24-pounders, 303 rounds per gun.
8-inch guns, 213 „
10-inch mortars, 09 „
The GS-pounders and 32-pounders had about 250 rounds per gun.
The fire was continued; the Russians replying as usual.
It was now quite evident that we were totally unable to silence or even to command the enemy’s fire. The guns in the Redan and Barrack Batteries were more numerous and of a heavier calibre than at the commencement of the Siege; and there were additional mortars. The defensive works of the Town had also increased.
We had 6 picees less in our Batteries than when the bombardment commenced but 13 of the 30 24-pounders originally in the Batteries having been disabled, had been replaced chiefly by heavier guns.
Left Attack.
Number of G uns.
Nature.
By whom manned.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Wounedd -" Non-commissioned officers and men 6 In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men - - - - 1
Total - 7
D

26
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Sept—Nov. Ordnance, <SfC. disabled.
1 — Left Attack.— 1 24-pounder gun carriage disabled.
First
Bombardment.
3 Oth October.
Captain Younghusband, R.A., having arrived from England in charge of a large detachment of men, was attached to do duty with the Siege Train, Left Attack. The greater number of the men were posted to the Siege Train companies of both Attacks.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— - - - Nil.
In the Naval Brigade :
Wounded - Men - - - - 1
31s# October.
The excessive work which the men had undergone since the commencement of the bombardment began to tell severely upon their health ; diarrhoea and fever became prevalent in the camps.
The number of effective men (already reduced by the numerous casualties) was barely sufficient for the performance of the necessary duties.
For a short time during this bombardment 10 men from the Troops and Field Batteries on the plateau assisted in the trenches; the Field Batteries occasionally furnished men to assist in the trenches at the subsequent bombardments.
One 32-pounder was moved from the Picquet-house to No. II. Battery, Left Attack.
Casualties.
In the RoyalArtillery:— - - - Nil.
In the Naval Brigade:— - - - Nil.
Is# November.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day:—
Assistant-Surgeon A. Irwin, R.N.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— - * Nil
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men 3
2d November.
The fire was rather heavier from the Russians.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
27
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack_Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Wounded - „ „ 1
Left Attack.—Wounded - Officers (Lieut. Andrews) - - 1
,, - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
First Period. Sept.—N ot* 1854 .
First
Bombardment.
Total - - 4
In the Naval Brigade:—
Wounded - Men .... 1
Grand Total - - 5
Ordnance , fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder (56 cwt.) disabled.
Left Attack. —1 24-pounder gun and carriage disabled.
3 d November.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men - 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Officers (Mates: P. Brock, J. H. Spalding) - 2
,, - Men - - - 2
Total - - 4
Grand Total - - 5
Ordnance , SfC. disabled.
Left Attack.—1 mortar platform in Picquet-house Battery destroyed.
1 gun carriage disabled.
4 th November. *
The ship anchored at the head of the Dockyard Creek, close to the Arsenal, was driven out this afternoon by hot shot, and obliged to retire under cover.
A large working party of the enemy showed themselves at a new work in front of the Tower. They were driven away by 24-pounder Shrapnel shells fired from the Right Attack.
d 2

28
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period.
Sept.—Nov.
1854 .
In the lloyal Artillery :— Bombardment. Right Attack.—Wounded - In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded -
Total - 2
Grand Total - - 3
oth November.
Battle of Inkermann.
Before daylight the Russians commenced an attack on the Right of our position at Inkermann, at the same time opening a heavy fire on our trenches, which was kept up throughout the morning.
At about 9 a.m. an order was received by Lieut.-Col. Gambier from Lord Raglan to bring up two 18 pounders then in the Right Siege Train park, to be placed in position on Inkermann ridge.
It had been foreseen when the battle commenced that this demand was likely to be made ; everything was consequently in readiness.
Two Companies of Royal Artillery were told off to accompany and serve the guns ; viz.—
- 6th Company, 11th Battalion.—Capt. D’Aguilar.
Capt. Moubray.
Lieut. Harward.
7th Company, 11th Battalion.—Lieut.-Col. Dickson.
Lieut. Sinclair.
Lieut. Lyons.
Lieut.-Col. Gambier, commanding.
Adjutant, Capt. Chermside.
There were no horses to be obtained; drag-ropes were hooked on, and the guns were drawn into position on the ridge by the gunners.
All the officers and men of the Royal Artillery of the Right Siege Train off duty were employed in dragging up shot, ammunition, &c. for their supply, throughout the day.
Lieut.-Col. Gambier was unfortunately wounded before he reached the x'idge, and the command devolved on Lieut.-Col. Dickson.
Casualties.
Officers (Lieut. Sinclair) - 1
Officers (Mr. Wilson, Mate) - 1 Men - - - - 1

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
29
These guns did great execution; the gunners serving them suffered F "‘f p r t ^° 1> - severely, 17 being killed and wounded. Lord Raglan spoke in his despatch issL in the highest terms in praise of the gallantry of both officers and men, and ii^ of the great service they had rendered by checking the artillery fire of the Bombar<!ment - enemy.
One gun in the 2-Gun Battery, Right Attack, was turned upon the attacking columns of the enemy with considerable effect by Mr. Hewett,
Royal Navy; some rockets also were fired on the enemy when in retreat.
Our casualties in the trenches were—
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Abounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 3 In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men - - - -2
AA'ounded - Men - - - - - 4
Total - 0
Grand Total - 9
Ordnance, fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 24-pounder Madias platform disabled.
Left Attack. — 3 24-pounders disabled ; also 2 24-pounder carriages.
Orders were given to reply warmly to the enemy’s fire next day, to show that we were in no way discomfited by the great losses of the day.
The Royal Artillery had to deplore the loss this day of their gallant chief, Brigadier-General Fox Strangways, who was killed about 10 a.m. He was succeeded in the command of the Royal Artillery by Lieut.-Col. Dacres.
Lieut.-Col. Gambier having been wounded, was forced to resign the command of the Siege Train; he went on board ship, and was succeeded by Lieut.-Col. Lake, Royal Horse Artillery.
Lord Raglan to the Duke of Newcastle.
3Iy Lord Duke, Before Sebastopol, 11th November 1854.
*****
Lieut.-Col. Gambier, of the Royal Artillery, who had the command of the Artillery in the trenches during the Siege, a duty which he discharged to my perfect satisfaction, was, I regret to say, unfortunately wounded when moving up with the two 18-pounders which I had ordered to be brought to the right of the Second Division ; and I have great pleasure in speaking in terms of high panegyric of Lieut.-Col. Dickson, who had charge of those guns, Captain D’Aguilar, and

30
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fibbt Period, the officers and men who worked them. They performed, under Lieut.-Col. Dickson’s directions, Se Pf g ~ Nov ' the most effective service, notwithstanding that they had a very heavy fire upon them, and that
_! their loss in consequence was very severe, seventeen men having been either killed or wounded,
First a nd one 0 ffi cer wounded.
Bombardment., „ * * • •
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
6th November.
We opened a tolerably good fire in the morning, but could not afford any great expenditure.
A demand was made on Malta for ordnance and stores for the continuance of the Siege ; and Lieut.-Col. Gambier, who was about to leave for that station, received instructions on the subject.
The Russians fired steadily on the Right, but very little on the Left.
A Russian Battery called the Garden Battery annoyed the French considerably. One 24-pounder in No. IV. Battery, Left Attack, was enabled to fire upon it, and did so with good effect.
There were no casualties in the Royal Artillery, notwithstanding a heavy rifle fire from the Cemetery in front of the Picquet-house Battery. In the Naval Brigade, one officer (Mr. W. D. D. Selby, Mate,) and one man were wounded.
During the night the Engineers altered another embrasure in No. IV. Battery, Left Attack, to fire on the Garden Battery.
1th November.
Our fire to-day was much reduced.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Men ... ]
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Officers (Commander W. Burnett) 1 „ Men ------ 1
Total - - 2
Grand Total
3

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
31
8 th November.
The fire as before.
The Russians fired heavily in the afternoon.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 1 In the Naval Brigade:—
Wounded - Men -.2
Grand Total - - 3
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 24-pounder disabled.
9 th November.
Our casualties this day were:—
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2 In the Naval Brigade :—
* Killed - Men.5
Wounded - Men - - - - - - 2
Total - 7
Grand Total - 9
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder gun disabled. Left Attack. — 2 24-pounder guns disabled.
1 Oth November.
The Russians opened to day from some guns mounted in an unfinished Battery to the right of the Redan, called the Redan Wall.
First Period Sept.—Nov. 1854.
First
Bombardment.

32
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854 .
First
Eombardment.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Killed - Men ------ 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Officers (Mr. Karslake, Mate) 1 ,, - Men ----- 2
Total Grand Total
Orders were sent to the officer commanding the Siege Train to endeavour to check the progress of the new Russian work.
1 \th November.
Our fire w r as directed upon the Russian working parties, who were several times dispersed.
Coehorn-mortar shells were thrown from the left of the Right Attack into the Russian rifle-pits in front of the Redan.
Although the Russians replied more heavily than usual, there were no casualties in either Attack.
12^/i November.
The enemy fired very little in the forenoon, and our fire was considerablv less than on any former day.
The ammunition was nearly expended; the fire of the guns was ordered to be directed only against large working parties of the enemy, who now showed themselves openly outside their works.
Certain guns in each Attack were ordered to he loaded at night with grape to repel sorties.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— - In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men - - - 2
13 tk November.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :— - In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men
2
Lieutenant H. Hickcs, Royal Artillery, joined No. 8 Company, 11th Battalion, Right Attack, from Gibraltar.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 33
14 th November.
There was very little firing from the Batteries.
A fearful hurricane prevented the enemy's parties from working.
The camps of the Siege Train suffered severely in this gale, in common with the rest of the army.
A 24-pounder gun burst in No. I. Battery, Left Attack, wounding four men of the Iloyal Artillery.
loth, 16th, 1 Jth, 18 fh, and 19 th November.
Very few rounds were fired.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery ... Nil.
In the Naval Brigade ... Nil.
The firing was entirely restricted to annoying the enemy’s working parties.
Captain Younghusband, Royal Artillery, embarked at Balaklava on the 17th, for Gibraltar, to join his Company.
2 Oth November.
Tiie firing ceased.
22cZ, 23 d, and 24 th November.
A few shots were fired.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery ... Nil.
In the Naval Brigade - - - Nil.
The following joined the Naval Brigade between the 8th and 24th November:—
Lieut. AV T . S. Hire.
„ G. Johnson.
Surgeon D. J. Duigan.
Assistant-Surgeon W. Hamilton.
„ „ II. Arnott.
Midshipman, Mr. F. W. Hallowes.
Clerk, Mr. J. M. Forster.
And 16 seamen.
The guns in position at this period were considerably worn ; most of them required replacing. The ammunition in the trenches was nearly expended. To bring up fresh guns and ammunition was next to impossible, as the roads had become almost impassable since the bad weather had set in. The Batteries also required repairs, which the wet weather prevented; in fact, the active operations of the Siege were suspended.
FtltST I’ekiod. Sept.—Xov. 1854 .
First
Bombardment.
E

34
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First Period. Oui' fire had failed to establish its superiority over that of the enemy, and ScP i854!° V ' his defences, though damaged and imperfect, were undestroyed. Our siege materiel was becoming exhausted, and would have to be replenished from Bombardment distant arsenals. The place, on the other hand, had been found to abound in all the resources for a protracted defence. The winter was before us ; delay would strengthen the enemy’s works.
It had been decided to assault the place, hut the battle of the 5th November terribly reduced the chances of success. The heavy losses of the Allies on that day, the enormous reinforcements the Russians had received, rendered our position most grave.
On the 6th November a council of war, held at Lord Raglan’s Quarters, decided that the assault should be abandoned.
Up to this time we had expended the following quantity of ammunition
24-pounders
-
- 20,198 rounds.
8-inch
-
- 10,309 „
32-pounders
-
- 10,390 „
68-pounders
-
- 2,000
10-inch mortars
-
- 3,070
Lancaster -
.
570 „
Total - - 46,537 rounds.
The ammunition for the 24-pounders, 8-inch guns, and lO-incli mortars, belonged to the Siege Train ; an exact account could therefore be kept of its expenditure.
The expenditure here given of the 32 and 60-pounders is merely an approximation ; the ammunition for these guns having been supplied by the Royal Navy, and not having passed through the Siege Train depots, no record of the quantities issued could he obtained.
A large number of Russian shot, nearly of the same diameter as our -own, 8-incli, were collected by the men of the Line (who were paid at the rate of 3d. per shot), and fired back into the place from the 8-inch guns. The number thus fired is not, however, known.
Note.—G eneral Canrobert thus described liis position in a private despatch dated 8th November :—
“ Malgre la resistance acharnee que, Lord Raglan et moi, nous nous attendions a rencontrer dans cette vaste ct “ exceptionnelle place, dont les ressources en artillerie et en munitions de tout genre sont immenses, notre confiance “ dans le succtis etait grande, lorsque l’arrivee inattendue d’une partie de l’armee du Danube, que l’on devait croire “ retenue vers le Pruth par les Autrichiens et les Turcs, et d’autres renforts arrives en voiture de l’interieur, formant “ un effectif d’au moins 100,000 hommes, ont du appeler tout notre attention contre cette armee.
“ Elle n’aurait pas manque de nous prendre en flane, pendant que l’operation difficile de l’assaut, tout en nous faisant “ perdre nos meilleurs troupes, nous aurait contraint a affaiblir certains points de notre ligne de circonvallation, rendue “ forcement etendue par suite de la configuration du terrain et des necessites du siege.
“ L’assaut a ete ajourne.”

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
35
During the rest of the Siege all ammunition, whether Naval or not, passed Fl ^ ST t Period. through the Siege Train depots, and we were thus enabled to keep an accu- i854. rate account of the expenditure.
Bombardment.
Our total casualties during this bombardment were—
In the Royal Artillery :—
Officers.
Total.
Killed- - - - T
Wounded - - 5
6
Non-commissioned Officers and Gunners.
Killed- - - - 15
Wounded - - - 94
Total
}
109
- 115
In the Naval Brigade :—
Officers.
Killed
- 21
18
Wounded
- 10/
Men.
Killed
- 191
116
Wounded
- 97/
Total
-
- 134
Grand Total -
_
- 249
Ordnance disabled.
Lancasters 24-pounders - 32 „ -
8-inch guns - 68-pounders
3
5
2
11
1
Total «■ - - 22
In this number are not included those pieces which had become unserviceable from rapid firing.

36
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
First period. Lieut.-Colonel Lake was invalided home during the winter, and the tem- Sep i' 85 ?° V porary command of the Siege Train devolved on Lieut.-Colonel Dupuis, T t Royal Horse Artillery.
Bombardment. Captain G. C. Henry, Royal Artillery, was appointed Adjutant, vice Chermside invalided.
Lieutenant 7E. Clarke, with a large detachment of No. 2 Company, 11th Battalion, joined from Varna, and was posted to the Left Attack.
The following Despatch relates to this Period of the Siege :—
Lieut.-Colonel Dacres, Commanding Royal Artillery, to the Deputy
Adjutant-General, Royal Artillery.
Royal Artillery Head Quarters,
Camp before Sebastopol,
Sir, 28th November 185-1.
# # * * *
I have now the honour to forward you the Morning Reports of the Batteries in front of Sebastopol, showing the quantity of ammunition expended of each nature, and the casualties which occurred day by day in the Batteries, since the opening of the fire on the 1.7th October.
The general result up to the present date is shown in the following table. Of the number of Naval guns which have been disabled, and of the quantity of ammunition which they have expended, I am unable at present to furnish you any information.
It will be seen in the Morning Reports, that as our guns have gradually become disabled, they have in some instances been replaced by Naval guns, sometimes manned by sailors, sometimes by the Royal Artillery.
At the commencement of the Siege the men of the Royal Artillery were divided into two reliefs, hut latterly they have been divided as far as possible into three.
For a short time during the Siege ten men from each Troop and Field Battery assisted in the trenches ; hut as the services of the Troops and Batteries were constantly required to resist attacks on our right flank, these men were withdrawn from the trenches.
H: # * * #
I have, &c.
(Signed) R. J. Dacres,
Lieut.-Col., Commanding Royal Artillery.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
37
Report of the present state of the Siege, 24th November 1854.
Nature of Guns.
Number
at the
Number
now
Total Number of Rounds fired since the
17th October 1854.
Total
Number of
Quantity
remaining
Commence-
Rounds
ment.
remaining.
Round
Shot.
Hollow
Shot.
Shells.
per Gun.
per Gun.
24-pounder guns
30
18
20,198
—
773
162
8-inch guns
20 '
8
—
5,811
4,498
515
198
10-inch mortars
10
9
—
—
3,070
307
15
First Period. Sept.—Nov. 1854.
First
Bombardment.
Number of Naval Guns in the Trenches :—18 32-pounders ; 6 68-pounders.
(Signed) R. J. Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Royal Artillery.
SECOND EE1U0D OE THE SIEGE.
November 1854 —April 1855.
The First attack on Sebastopol having failed, and the Siege materiel being ^mWment nearly expended, demands were made upon the Mediterranean arsenals and upon Woolwich for the necessary guns, stores, &c., to re-arm the Batteries.
Some new works were commenced at Inkermann for the defence of that position, and also three Batteries on the extreme right on the Inkermann heights.
1. Intended for 7 32-pounders.
2. ,, 3 13-inch mortars.
3. ,, 4 10-inch mortars.
These Batteries were intended to oppose those of the Russians which had been constructed round the first Inkermann lighthouse on the opposite side of the harbour, and whose fire it was considered would seriously impede our advance upon the Mamelon, or, as it was then called, Gordon’s Hill.
The subject of the armament of these works and making additions to others, was brought under the notice of the commanding officer of the Royal Artillery and Naval Brigade in the following documents :—
Second Feriod. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations

38
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations for Second Bombardment.
Head Quarters, before Sebastopol,
Sir, 15tli November 1854.
I have the honour to forward a memorandum from General Canrobert’s principal aide-de-camp, written by order of the General, and a memorandum from Sir John Burgoyne upon it; and to request that you will have the goodness to see Captain Lushington, commanding the Naval Brigade, consult with him, and draw up a joint report upon the papers now submitted to you, and nature of the ordnance you would advise to be applied for, as recommended in the last paragraph of Sir John’s memorandum.
I have, &e.
(Signed) Kiciiard Airey,
Colonel Dacres, Quartermaster-General.
Commanding Royal Artillery.
Memorandum from General Canrobert’s First Aide-de-Camp.
Head Quarters, before Sebastopol, 13tli November 1854.
Tiie French army in order to insure the replacing of guns rendered unserviceable in the batteries, and to arm the new redoubt they are constructing, have demanded from their fleet thirty cannons. They think it is very desirable that the English army should take similar steps.
The battery on the right side of the ravine that has now but three pieces would have the most powerful effect were it increased to ten.
It appears also that the left of the old English attack, to counter-batter and ricochet with effect the large Russian battery on the right side of the South part, which now renders the advance of the French nearly impossible, should be increased ten pieces.
Lastly, they consider that twenty pieces of ordnance are necessary to arm the battery and redoubt the English army is constructing on its right on the heights in front of Inkermann.
They take the liberty of submitting these propositions for the consideration of General Airey, Quartermaster-General, in order that the proper dispositions should be made, should the circumstance, and the common interest permit.
Memorandum
On the Communication from General Canrobert’s First Aide-de-Camp, dated 13th November 1854, on the subject of putting more Guns from the Royal Navy in battery.
Camp before Sebastopol, 14th November 1854.
I quite concur in the desire expressed in the memorandum from the French head quarters that our 3-gun battery should be prolonged for seven more, and that more guns should be added to the part of our Left attack that may be brought to bear on the batteries on the right flank of the enemy’s works before the Barracks ; all for the purpose of reducing as much as possible the fire from that flank, which acts so powerfully on the course which the French troops will be required to take in storming the town ; and to these I would add a heavy fire from as many mortars as possible on the same defences at the important crisis.
I also concur in the advantage of mounting a number of guns on the redoubts and batteries now in course of construction for the protection of that flank of our position above Inkermann ; and although, as our resources will be limited, I would prefer applying most of these guns against the Inkermann Lighthouse battery and the shipping, and thence outwards towards the place, still the advantage of having so many up there is the same.
The only source from whence all these additional guns (37) as laid down, with ammunition and men for working them, can be looked for, is the fleet; and it will be for the Admiral to decide, if
I

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
39
Lord Raglan shall think proper to ask for the assistance, whether it can be provided, in addition to the large means already landed by that service, which probably exceed what the French officers of the staff were aware of when they made this proposition.
Should these additional means be in whole or in part forthcoming, I would recommend that Captain Lusliington and Colonel Dacres should consult and decide on the nature of them, from their experience of the relative value of the different species of ordnance, and the means of bringing them and the due supply of ammunition up from Balaklava.
(Signed) J. F. Bcrgoyne,
Lieutenant-General.
Large demands having been, as already stated, made for guns, &c. which there was no doubt would be at once complied with, it was answered that this question was merely one of transport.
The Siege Train had none whatever of its own, and was entirely dependent on the horses of the Royal Artillery and Field Batteries.
The following officers joined the Naval Brigade during the last few days of November -
Lieut. H. O. Raby.
Surgeon James Jenkins.
The Rev. S. K. Stodhert, Chaplain.
Tiecemher 1 R,54.
The guns, mortars, &c. began to arrive from the Mediterranean early in December, and some Turkish ordnance (which was never used) was landed from Constantinople.
The transport of this materiel was at once proceeded with; hut the difficulties encountered and overcome were enormous.
The continued rainy weather during the last fourteen days of November and the beginning of this month had rendered the roads or tracks nearly impassable even for the lightest loads ; the mud, into which the wheels sank up to their axles, was of a peculiarly sticky consistency, so that the axles soon became clogged and the draught was rendered very laborious.
The Artillery horses too at this time were very much reduced in numbers, and were generally in a weakly condition, consequent on exposure and insufficiency of forage.
Twenty-four hox-ses were required to move a 32-pounder, thirty to forty were required for a 68-pounder or 13-inch mortar on a sling waggon: and only in comparatively favourable weather could the whole of the journey from Balaklava to the Right or Left depot be accomplished in one day.
Another depot was therefore established, as a halting place, at the Col de Balaklava, about four miles from the wharf.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparation* for Second Bombardment.

40
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Peihod. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations for Second Bombardment.
Sometimes the horses were unable to proceed even to this distance, but after struggling in the mud dropped exhausted, and perished where they lay.
The work was, how ever, steadily persevered with; and by the 22ml December the following pieces of ordnance had arrived at the depots :—
10-inch guns 2
68-pounders (9-j cwt.) - - 2
32-pounders (50 cwt.) - - 33
24-pounders 0
13-inch mortars 8
10-inch mortars - - - 1
Total
with their carriages.
Difficult as was the transport of the guns, it was easy as compared with that of their shot, shell, stores, &c.
The Siege Train was badly supplied with carts or waggons ; and of the few in its possession, none w ere adapted (except the trench cart) to carry heavy weights of shot.
The Flanders waggon was made available for this purpose by nailing strong wooden battens on its bottom and sides.
The store limber waggons were also strengthened in the same manner.
The only carriage suited for carrying 13-inch shells was the trench cart.
The deficiency of the means of transport at the disposal of the Siege Train was its greatest difficulty throughout the Siege, even up to the close.
A carriage for the conveyance of 13-inch shells was constructed by removing the ammunition boxes from the limbers of the waggons of the Horse Artillery and Field Batteries, and nailing on the body of the limber pieces of wood, forming a square box capable of containing six 13-inch shells. It generally required ten horses to draw these six shells to the front.'
The French were enabled to lend us at this time daily six waggons (afterwards increased to twelve), each of wdiich with ten horses drew' twelve 13-inch shells.
With all the means at our disposal 90 to 100 13-inch shells being got to the depots from Balaklava w'as considered a good day’s work.
Men were employed to carry up from Balaklava shot and shell of the lighter natures.
The Highland Brigade (then guarding the lines of Balaklava), to the number of from 800 to 1,000 men daily, and occasionally even more, were detailed for this duty by Sir Colin Campbell.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 41
A man was supplied with a sand-bag, in which he placed a 32 or 24 pounder shot and slung it over his shoulder, or a stick was given to two men to run through the rope handles of the 8-inch and 6-inch wooden shell boxes, and thus they carried them on their shoulders to the depot at the Col ; from this they were conveyed to the Right and Left depots by Turks.
The men employed on this duty suffered severely from exposure to the most inclement weather.
Another means of transport was obtained as follows :
Two canvas bags, made on hoard the Fleet, joined together by a canvas hand, were slung across a horse’s hack ; in each bag a 32-pounder shot was placed. The Horse Artillery supplied the horses, three of which travelled abreast, the centre one carrying a gunner, leading the outer ones, each carrying two 32-pounder shot. Thus one man and three horses brought up four shot.
Several propositions for the conveyance of the 13-inch shells were made ; two methods w ere tried which are w orth noticing.
1. It was proposed by a French Artillery officer to make a lai’ge number of “ beam hooks,” with the beam long enough to allow the breasts of four men to be applied to it; the cords fastened to the beam were to be of sufficient length to allow the shells which were attached to the hooks at the end of each cord to trail along the ground after the men. The experiment was tried, and though found to be exceedingly laborious and fatiguing, so far succeeded that, it would no doubt have been put in practice but that the battens were not forthcoming.
2. The other method proposed was to hook the Turks into trench carts, with man harness, each cart containing six shells; but since on the first occasion of this being tried most of the Turks lay down before they had gone a mile and a half, and several died where they lay, the experiment was not repeated.
None of the new armament had yet been sent to the Batteries.
The men of the Siege Train were suffering, in common with the rest of the Army, from the prevailing diseases, fever and dysentery; their numbers, being greatly diminished, were not sufficient even for the reduced work in the trenches; moreover the state of the roads to and through the trenches made it useless to attempt the armament of our works until fine weather and reinforcements should arrive.
A small quantity of shot and shell was got down by the men going on duty to the trenches carrying shot or dragging trench carts loaded with ammunition ; the sailors assisted in the same manner.
F
Second Tekioil Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations for Second Bombardment.

42
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. .Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations for Second Bombardment.
During the whole of this month the following put into battery : —
quantity
of ammunition
10-inch mortar shells
-
131
b-1- Ditto
-
87
.‘32-pounder shot
24- Ditto - .
“
123
42
Total
.
383
Or little more than the expenditure for two days’ and a half tiring from one piece.
Very little firing took place during the month.
Casualties.
In the ltoyal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1 Left Attack.—Wounded - „ 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Officers
Total - - 2
(Mr. St. Clair, Mate) - 1
Grand Total - -3
Ordnance disabled.
Left Attack.—A 68-pounder hurst by a Russian shell exploding in the muzzle.
Loud Raglan to the Duke of Newcastle.
My Lord Duke, Before Sebastopol, 13th December 1854.
In my Despatch of the 18th October, reporting the opening of our fire upon the enemy’s works, I omitted to mention the name of a higlily-meritorious Naval officer who had charge of a battery in the trenches, and rendered himself conspicuous by the manner in which he performed the important duty confided to him.
The officer I allude to is Captain Moorsom, whom I beg leave now to recommend to the notice of your Grace.
I did not know until some time afterwards that he was employed in the trenches on the occasion in question ; but having now been apprised of it, I avail myself of the present opportunity to rectify an error, which might otherwise he prejudicial to a most deserving officer.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Ragi.an.
If

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
43
The Russians, having the advantage of numbers and the great resources of the place, had been working throughout the month with great activity, enlarging and strengthening their defences, despite the severity of the weather. We were incapable of rendering them much annoyance, and quite powerless to prevent the progress of their works.
The Malakolf and Redan, as also the Barrack Battery, had assumed a formidable appearance.
Flanking defences to these works had been constructed, besides other new batteries; much more artillery, and of a heavier calibre, was mounted than on the 17th October; and it was evident that we must be prepared with a heavy armament, and abundance of ammunition, to be in a position to subdue their fire.
Major Irving, being appointed to the command of the Royal Artillery at Scutari, resigned the command of the Left Attack to Brevet Lieut.-Colonel llowan, Royal Artillery.
The following reinforcements arrived during the month :—
1st December 1854.—183 seamen joined the Naval Brigade.
4th December.—No. 4 Company, 2d Battalion, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and was posted to the Left Attack. It consisted of—
Captain Broughton.
Lieutenant Dames.
,, J. L. Clarke.
,, F. L. Lyon : and
„ N. G. Martin.
With 10 non-commissioned officers, 120 gunners, and 2 trumpeters.
7th December.—Mr. E. A. Stubbs (Mate), and Assistant Surgeon W. Evans, joined the Naval Brigade.
9th December.—Mr. J. A. D. Cooper (Midshipman), and Mr. W. J. Bowse (Clerk), joined the Naval Brigade.
11th December.—2d Captain H. YTrnon and Lieutenant Harris, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined their respective Companies at the Left Attack.
Mr. M. C. Seymour (Midshipman) joined the Naval Brigade.
12th December.—Mr. E. Wise (Second Master) joined the Naval Brigade.
13th December.—30 seamen joined the Naval Brigade.
15th December.—No. 1 Company, Gth Battalion, Royal Artillery, arrived Irom England; and on the 10th December, No. 4 Company, Gth Battalion, arrived; the former was posted to the Right Attack, the latter to the Left.
f 2
Skcukj) 1'khuh). Not. 1854— April 1855.
l’reparations for Second Bombardment.

44
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Pehiod. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations for Second Bombardment.
Their detail was as follows :—
No. 1 Company, 5th Battalion.—Capt. II. A. Campbell.
„ E. J. Carthew.
Lieut. P. L. L’Estrange.
,, F. W. De Winton.
With 15 non-commissioned officers, 99 gunners, and 2 trumpeters.
No. 4 Company, 6th Battalion.—Capt, A. Wragge.
Lieut, G. A. Milman.
,, J. A. Price.
,, J. II. Brown.
With 14 non-commissioned officers, 102 gunners, and 2 trumpeters.
18th December.—Joined the Naval Brigade—
Lieut, W. Dowell,
,, J. G. Evered,
„ T. C. Kidd.
24th December.—The following detail joined the Naval Brigade :—
Lieut. F. W. Gough.
„ W. B. Urmston.
,, J. Norman.
Mate, J. Day.
Acting Mate, A. J. Kennedy.
,, ,, .T. FI. Hunter.
Second Master, F. Llewellyn.
Midshipman, (4. 8. Peard.
,, E. S. J. Daniel.
With 387 seamen.
24th December.—No. 1 Company, 1st Battalion, and No. 8 Company, 4tli Battalion, Royal Artillery, arrived from England ; both posted to the Right Attack.
Detail as follows :—
No. 1 Company, 1st Battalion.—Capt, G. Gray don.
2d Capt. A. C. Gleig.
Lieut. W. S. Wolfe.
,, R. R. Jones.
With 15 non-connnissioned officers, 116 gunners, 2 trumpeters, and 2 shoe-smiths.
No. 8 Company, 4th Battalion.—Capt, A. Oldfield.
2d Capt, F. J. Soady.
Lieut. R. H. Champion.
„ W. W. Briscoe.
With 15 non-commissioned officers, 117 gunners, and 2 trumpeters.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 45
29th December.—Joined the Naval Brigade—
Assistant Surgeon R. P. Chapman.
The following changes in officers took place during the month : —
Capt. Taswell, Royal Artillery, Commissary of Siege Train Stores, embarked for England, and was replaced in his appointment by Capt. Anderson, R.A.
Lieuts.W.G. Andrews, of No. 3 Company, 12th Battalion, and F.L. JI.Lyon, of No. 4 Company, 2d Battalion, both of the Left Attack Siege Train, appointed, the former to the Royal Ilorse Artillery, and the latter to a Field Battery (G).
The Colonel commanding Royal Artillery reported the operations of the Siege up to this date as follows:—■
Head Quarters, Royal Artillery,
Sir, Camp before Sebastopol, 22d December 1854.
******
I have the honour to forward the morning reports of the Officers in command of the Batteries in front of Sebastopol, from the 28th November to 22d December inclusive. By an inspection of these you will perceive, that during the past month firing has for the most part been suspended, only a few shots being occasionally directed at the enemy's skirmishers, working parties, or to repulse sorties, &c.
Many of the guns having become disabled, and the greater part of the ammunition exhausted (details of which have already been sent), my attention (acting under the orders of Field Marshal the Commander of the Forces) has been turned to the preparation of a fresh armament.
For this purpose I have received from Malta,—
10 24-pounder guns,
13 13-inch mortars,
5 10-inch „
With ammunition, stores, &c., details of which I have also previously forwarded.
In addition to this—
2 10-inch guns,
2 68-pounders,
36 32-pounders, 56 cwt.,
have been landed by the Royal Navy at Balaklava, with ammunition (about 300 rounds per gun and upwards).
Second JPekiou. Not. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations for Second Bombardment.

46
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second J’ekiod. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Preparations for Second Bombardment.
The road from Balaklava to the Siege Train depot is for the most part one long continuous hill, and as the weather has been so constantly wet it has become almost impassable.
The transport of all these heavy guns and mortars to the front has therefore been slow, and the labour very great.
The horses of the Troops and Field Batteries, partly from deficient food, partly from exposure to the weather, have, as you are aware, died in great numbers; the remainder of them are for the most part weak and in poor condition.
There has also been great sickness amongst the officers, non-commissioned officers, and men; nevertheless, all officers, non-commissioned officers and men have given me every assistance in their power; and at the present moment I have brought up to the front—
2 10-inch guns,
2 (j8-pounders,
33 32-pounders, 36 cwt. 9 24-pounders,
8 13-inch mortars,
1 10-inch ,,
Total - 33 with their carriages.
The transport of the ammunition is a still more serious difficulty, owing to the limited means of transport at my command; it is, however, proceeding, and I receive daily the assistance of six waggons (horsed) from the French for this purpose.
I beg now to forward you a table of the proposed second armament of the Batteries against Sebastopol. This of course includes those guns already mounted and still remaining serviceable in the Batteries.
With respect to the works on the Inkermann ridge, I beg to explain that since the battle of the 5th November three redoubts and some intrenchments have been constructed there (by the French and English Engineers), in order to render this position more secure in case of another attack.
The enemy have been very busy making Batteries for heavy guns on the opposite si do of the harbour, on high ground, near the Inkermann Lighthouse. It has therefore been considered necessary to construct a formidable Battery to oppose them.

ARTILLERY OPERALIGNS.
4 7
I will forward to you shortly a more detailed report on the armament of Secondfehiod. the Batteries, and the distribution of the various Companies employed in the AprinsssT Siege, as also an account of the number of guns w hich will he manned bv the „ — r
° . T ° •' Preparations
Koya! JNavy. for second
Bombardment.
******
I have, &o.
(Signed) R. J. Dacres, Lieut.-Col. Commanding Royal Artillery.
The Deputy Adjutant-General,
Royal Artillery.

Segoni> Pkkiod. Nov. 1854 — April 1855,
Preparations for Second bombardment.
48
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Proposed Second Armament of the Trenches and Batteries against Sebastopol.
21st December 1854.
Name of Battery.
j
; No. of Guns.
:
Nature of Guns.
r , l
10-inch gun.
, 3
68-pounder guns, Naval.
! 15
24
33
32 „ 56 cwt., Naval.
Left Attack - - - -
4
32
>» »
! 4
8-inch guns.
0
13-inch mortars.
l : 5
10
Total
53
f
i
24-pounder gun.
1
i
10-inch gun, Naval.
Picquct-house Battery - - 4
i
32 pounder gun, 56 cwt.
|
• i
13-incli mortar.
1 »■
i
10
Total
5
r
o
68-pounders, Naval.
5
24-pounders.
1
8-inch gun.
Right Attack - -
11
32-pounders, 56 cwt., Naval.
i
32 „ 42 „
1
13-inch mortar.
5
10 „
; Total
1
30
t
1
1
| lnkermunn Batteries - - «:
r
9
32-pounders.
L
4
13-incli mortars.
Total
1
13
«
' Guns of position in front and right i of 2d Division - - -
f
3
5
18-pounders.
8-inch howitzers.
l
4
32-pounders, 42 cwt., Naval.
Total
12

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
49
Second Period .
Proposed New Batteries against the Tower of Malakoff. Not. 1854 —
April 1855.
No. of Guns.
Nature of Guns.
Inkermann Ridge Advance - -•/
2
13
68-pounders, Naval, 95 cwt.
32 „ „ 56 cwt.
1
4
13-inch mortars.
Total - - -
19
New Battery, right of Gordon’s 2d 1 parallel - - - - - J
8
32-pounders.
(Signed) R. J. Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Royal Artillery.
Detail of Armament of the Right Attack.
| No. of Battery.
No. of Guns.
Nature of Guns.
i
! No. I.. /
2
32-pounders, Naval.
i
2
24 „
T _ r
1
8-inch gun.
N o. II. - - - - J
l
2
68-pounders, Naval.
No. III. - - -
3
68-pounders, Naval.
1
.. 8
32 „
No. IY. - - -J
2
32-pounders, Naval.
1
2
24 „
No. Y.. /
1
68-pounder, Naval.
L
1
24
—t >»
Mortars. j
Advanced parallel - - - - <
1
13 inch. |
l
5
io „ !
(Signed) R. J. Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Royal Artillery.
G

50
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Detail of Armament of Left Attack.
-
No. of Battery.
No. of Guns.
Nature of Guns.
1
f
8
24-pounders.
i No. I. - -
2
32 „ Naval.
l
2
8-inch guns.
f
2
24-pounders.
No. II. -
7
32 „ Navah
\
1
8-inch gun.
No. III. -{
2
6
24-pounders.
32 „
No. IV. - - - -{
4
2
24 „
32 „
No. V..
2
68 „
No. VI. -{
1
1
68 _ „
10-inch gun.
r
1
24-pounder.
No. VII..|
1
32 „
1
10-inch gun.
45
Main Battery - -
5
13-inch mortars.
13 „
10 „
Picquet-house Battery - - - {
1
Advanced parallel - -
5
10
14 of the 32-pounders will be 56 cwt. 4 ditto 42 „
(Signed) E. J. Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Royal Artillery.
Jamuxry 1855.
The new year commenced with wet cheerless weather. The snow, which fell in considerable quantities, left the roads not quite so sticky as heretofore, but almost impracticable.
The Siege materiel continued to struggle up through the mud, but, notwithstanding a large sacrifice of horses, without any great results.
At the end of the first week of this month frost set in, which while it lasted facilitated the transport.
A considerable quantity of snow having fallen at intervals during the month, accompanied by severe ^rosts, directions were given for the construction of sleighs to transport stores, &c. from Balaklava to the depots. Captain Wragge, Royal Artillery, was ordered to superintend their construction.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
51
They were, however, never used for the purpose intended, the weather having broken up before they were completed.
The French increased their loan of waggons to 12, and lent us from 800 to 1,500 men daily, to carry shot, &c. from Balaklava to the Col.
The Russians fired very little during the month, and our fire was confined to occasional shots at large working parties. Each shot from us was generally replied to by at least 10 and sometimes 20 from the Russians.
The latter part of the month the weather was fine, and some progress was made in arming the batteries.
The guns were drawn in the morning by gunners, with drag ropes and man harness, from the depots to a convenient spot near the trenches out of the observation of the enemy, and at night taken into the batteries by the sailors and gunners.
Mr. Murdoch, the Chief Engineer of Her Majesty’s ship “ Sanspareil,” performed good service by rebouching several of the guns in the trenches, whose vents had become enlarged by the rapid firing in the first bombardment.
The operation was very successful upon the heavy guns, 68-pounders, 8 and 10 inch guns; but of seven 24-pounders rebouched the vents of five flew out during the first few days of the April bombardment.
The following quantity of ammunition was got into the Batteries during the month:—
114 13-inch shells \ 108 10-inch „ J 1,172 32-pounders.
mortars.
1,394 rounds.
The sickness amongst the men was increasing. This was the most fatal month to us during the winter.
Mr. Spalding (Acting Mate), of the Naval Brigade, was killed on the 21st January. There was no other casualty during the month.
Lord Raglan to the Duke of Newcastle.
My Lord Duke, Before Sebastopol, 23d January 1855.
Nothing has occurred of importance in our front; but the enemy has occasionally opened a fire upon our Left Attack ; and Mr. Spalding, a fine young man, an acting Mate of Her Majesty’s ship “ London,” and in charge of the battery, was unfortunately killed by a round shot the day before yesterday.
His loss is deeply deplored.
#**■*•*#_
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan, g 2
Second Peeiod Nov. 1854— April 1855.

52
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Major Strange’s Company (8th Company, 11th Battalion) relieved Major D’Aguilar’s in charge of the guns in position at Inkermann, a subaltern and party being detached to Canrobert’s Redoubt.
5th to 24th January.—The following joined the Naval Brigade:—
Commander Lord John Hay,
Lieutenant S. Pritchard, with one carpenter and 20 seamen.
14th January.—Captain C. S. Henry and Lieut. W. J. Hall, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined No. 3 Company, 12th Battalion, at the Left Attack. Captain N. G. E. Grant also arrived, and joined No. 7 Company, 11th Battalion, at the Right Attack.
17th January.—Captain C. G. Oldershaw, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined No. 7 Company, 12th Battalion, at the Left Attack.
19th January.—Lieut. W. G. Martin, of No. 4 Company, 2d Battalion, Royal Artillery, Left Attack, embarked for Malta.
27th January.—Lieut.-Col. H. S. Rowan, No. G Company, 12th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Left Attack, embarked for England.
Captain G. Shaw, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined No. 2 Company, 12th Battalion, at the Left Attack, to replace Major C. C. Young, ordered to proceed to England on appointment to the Royal Horse Artillery.
Second Captain P. Dickson, Royal Artillery, joined No. G Company, 12th Battalion, at the Left Attack, on promotion from W Field Battery.
February 1855.
Lieut.-Colonel Edward Warde, Royal Artillery, having arrived from England, assumed the command of the Siege Train, which had been temporarily held by Lieut.-Colonel Dupuis, Royal Horse Artillery.
The Right Attack was still commanded by Lieut.-Colonel C. Dickson. Adjutant, Lieut. Lyons.
The Left Attack by Major Freese, vice Rowan, promoted, to England. Adjutant, Lieut.
Major Freese was shortly afterwards promoted, and proceeded to England; the command then devolved on Captain Broughton.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
53
Second Captain G. C. Henry (replaced as Adjutant of the Siege Train by Second Period C aptain Reilly) appointed Adjutant to Lieut.-Colonel Wood, Royal Artillery, April isos, commanding the Field Batteries attached to the Fourth Division of the Army.
Lieut. J. L. Dames, of No. 4 Company, 2d Battalion, Royal Artillery, Left Attack, appointed to I Troop, Royal Horse Artillery.
Lieut. JE. Clarke, of No. 2 Company, 11th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Left Attack, posted to P Battery, on promotion.
4th February.—Lieut.-Colonel Dickson, Royal Artillery, when on duty with some French and British Engineer officers, arranging the site of the new Battery on Inkermann Ridge, was wounded by a Minie ball in the shoulder; this event gave the temporary command of the Right Attack to Captain Oldfield.
Lord Raglan to the Dukk of Newcastle.
My Lord Dike, Before Sebastopol, 6th February I860.
* * * * * *
Lieut.-Col. Collingwood Dickson, of the Royal Artillery, an excellent officer, whom I have before had occasion to bring to your notice, was slightly wounded on the 4 th instant, when making a reconnoissance in company with some French officers.
I have, &c.
.(Signed) Raglan.
9th February.—Lieut. H. W. Watson, of No. 8 Company, 11th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Right Attack, embarked for England.
12th February.—Captain Campbell, R.A., this day on duty in the Right Attack, seeing a large working party of the Russians under the Malakoff, dispersed them with two 24-pounder Shrapnel shells; the enemy replied with 53 rounds. No casualties occurred, and the Battery was but little damaged.
As the enemy invariably replied with a sharp fire to any shot from our Batteries, it was considered useless for us to fire at all unless well prepared to sustain it. Orders were given accordingly, and all the embrasures were closed.

54
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Sjecosd Period. Roy. 1854— April 1855.
As the weather had become finer, the Commanding Officer directed that the men should be drilled daily at their guns, for an hour in the batteries, and be instructed in the distances of the various points in their fronts, the elevation, length of fuze, charge, &c. required.
The non-commissioned officers and men were daily instructed in the parks at the depots, in the manner of cutting and fixing fuzes.
The carriages of the Siege Train were in the most dilapidated condition from carrying heavy loads over bad roads. Material had not yet arrived for their repair, nor were there sufficient artificers.
The roads were improving in some degree, but our means of transport were becoming extinct.
The Siege Train camps were not supplied with the Land Transport in the same manner as the other Divisions of the Army, which had mules, carts, and pack ponies.
The men had frequently to walk to Balaklava for their rum and biscuit, and always for their winter clothing, necessaries, stores, &c.
The Field Batteries lent great assistance to the Siege Train by bringing up huts for the hospitals (the only huts, besides those of the commanding officers, in the Artillery camp), and removing the sick as occasion required.
15th February.—Commenced No. IX. Battery, 2nd parallel, Right Attack, for 8 guns, whose fire was to be directed on the Malakoff and the ground between it and the Mamelon, which hill it would flank ; it would check the advance of troops from the Malakoff towards the latter work.
This Battery was considered, and afterwards proved to be, of great importance. The range was about 1,100 yards to the Tower.
As the fine weather brought increasing health and strength to the men, the armament of the Batteries progressed favourably.
Three 32-pounders (56 cwt.) were placed with 300 rounds per gun in the Lighthouse Battery (intended for seven). Four 13-inch mortars with 100 rounds of shell, were mounted in the Mortar Battery behind it. Two of these were afterwards, without ever being fired, given to and withdrawn by the French; the other two were brought back to the park and the Battery was dismantled.
Ten 32-pounders (56 cwt.) were placed in the 15-Gun Battery, No. I. du Carenage, Inkermann ridge, the shot, shell, &c. for them being carried down by French soldiers. The arming of these works was a joint operation ; that is,—our carriages wei’e used; the wheel horses were ours, as the French harness is not adapted for shafts; the leaders were all French; the Royal Artillery supplied the men.
During the month there were no casualties either to men or to guns.
Firing had altogether ceased after the 14th.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
55
The following quantity of ammunition was got into battery during the Seconb^ihou. month:— Aprinsss.
256 13-inch shells'! ~~
70 10- „ > Mortar.
20 54- „ J
207 10- 1
1,289 8- „ >Guns.
3,174 32-pounder J
5,082 rounds; a large increase on the previous month.
The following joined the Naval Brigade during the month:—
Lieut. E. H. D’Aeth.
Mr. John Hill (Clerk).
1 Gunner.
10 Seamen.
Captain J. Bolton, with the whole of the remaining portion of No 2. Company, 11th Battalion, arrived from Varna in the early part of the month, and joined the Head Quarters of the Company at the Left Attack.
March 1855.
The month of March commenced with snow and frost. The roads were in tolerable order for transport.
With the continued assistance of the Highland Brigade and French, large quantities of ammunition were conveyed from Balaklava to the depots.
The following Companies of Royal Artillery arrived from England and were posted to the Right Attack :—
No. 7 Company, 5th Battalion : Captain H. Rogers.
Lieut. H. Irvine.
„ E. Luce.
14 non-commissioned officers, 113 gunners, and two trumpeters.
No. 5 Company, 9th Battalion : Captain M. C. Dixon.
2d „ H. Heyman.
Lieut. C. E. Burt.
„ B. G. Humphrey.
16 non-commissioned officers, 113 gunners, and two trumpeters.

56
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
2 nd March.
Captain Oldfield’s Company (No. 8, 4th Battalion,) was sent to Inkermann to reinforce Major Strange’s Company, (No. 8 Company, 11th Battalion,) for the purpose of manning the 15-Gun Battery (Batterie du Carenage No. I.) on Inkermann ridge.
Lieutenants II. A. Mitchell and F. C. Elton, Royal Artillery, arrived from England yesterday, and joined, the former, No. 6 Company, 11th Battalion, Right Attack, and the latter, No. 2 Company, 11th Battalion, Left Attack.
3rd March.
A new Battery was commenced in the Left Attack, in advance, to the left of the 3rd parallel, to oppose the Garden and Barrack Batteries; for six 32-pounders ; No. VIII. Battery.
No. IX. Battery, Right Attack, being reported ready, two 8-inch guns were placed in it by Major D’Aguilar, an operation of much difficulty and requiring great caution; as the night was bright, the party might have been observed from the enemy’s rifle-pits in front of the advanced trench.
The track by which the guns were to be taken into battery passed from the right of the first parallel across the open, over rough ground, broken and stony. Gunners were placed at intervals along the line to mark the track. The guns were taken in without a casualty.
4 th March.
Three more guns were sent safely to No. IX. Right Attack, and two 24-pounders to No. I. Left Attack.
The reliefs for the trenches were ordered to parade three-quarters of an hour before daylight and dusk.
6th March.
Another 8-inch gun was sent to No. IX., and one 13-inch mortar to Gordon’s Battery, 1st parallel.
At this time about 24 13-inch shell were taken down each nicrht bv the relief, in trench carts.
Lieut. Samuel Twyford joined the Naval Brigade this day.
For some time past two Russian steamers had been anchored at the head of the harbour, under the Inkermann Lighthouse, broadside towards our Lighthouse Battery, at the distance of 500 yards apart, the nearer being about a mile distant. Each of the steamers was armed with two heavy shell guns, the fire of which caused great annoyance to the French working parties
If

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
5/
on and in front of the Inkermann ridge; they also continually threw shells into our Lighthouse Battery, as well as into the Left Lighthouse Redoubt, which was held by a French picquet.
Lord Raglan directed that these steamers should be forced to retire.
The three 32-pounders of 50 cwt. which had been mounted in the Lighthouse Battery in the face opposed to the Inkermann Lighthouse, were directed to be withdrawn and placed in the embrasures looking down the Harbour and commanding the steamers.
These guns were to open upon them at daylight.
After dusk the guns were got into position ; the embrasures cleared out, but kept masked.
Shot were heated in a furnace lighted with patent fuel, which giving no smoke helped the secrecy of the operation.
The position of the Battery was such that when the action commenced the contest would be an unequal one, although the three guns were from their position superior to the steamers; the Battery was opposed by six Russian batteries at the opposite side of the Harbour, of which three commanded it.
Major Strange’s Company was detailed for this duty.
Present: Major Strange.
Captain Spurway.
Lieut. Champion.
,, Hickes.
Captain and Adjutant Iteilly.
Captain Oldfield was also in the Battery as senior officer of the Inkermann detachment.
0 th March.
Before daylight the embrasures were opened, and as soon as the hulls of the steamers could be distinctly seen the first gun was fired, directed at the nearer steamer. The shot went over the steamer; the second shot went between her masts; the third shot was directed at the further steamer; but owing to the distance and her proximity to a place of safety (round the Point du Carenage, olf which she was lying,) the fire of the three guns was afterwards directed entirely to the nearer vessel; the fourth shot struck the paddle-box.
Up to this moment no one had been visible on board the steamer, but now r a sailor raised his head up the hatchway, disappeared instantly, and in another moment the crew were on deck; they at once slewed the guns round and opened fire on the Battery.
The steamers, which had slips on their cables and their steam up, prepared to change their position.
H
Second Pebiod Nov. 1854— April 1855.

58
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. The land batteries still remained silent; but men could now be seen
Nov. 1854— . . „ . .
April 1855 . running down to them from the camp above, and in a tew minutes all six opened upon our three guns a rapid but fortunately ill-directed fire.
In about 26 minutes the two steamers had got out of sight round the Point, one being seriously damaged; she was hulled seven or eight times, and appeared to be on fire.
Her port paddle-box was completely broken. Deserters afterwards reported that she had suffered much damage, and had three men killed and three wounded. She was seen in the afternoon careened over in the Creek.
Fifty-nine shots were fired, of which 27 were hot shot.
Staff officers sent by the Commander of the Forces to observe the result of the practice from a position to the right rear of the Battery reported that the Russians had fired 240 shots at the three guns, but no casualties occurred. A handspike was broken, and a sight knocked out of a gunner’s hand.
The steamers never again appeared ; the French were spared the annoyance, and the object was fully accomplished.
Some dissatisfaction was, however, expressed because the steamers were not destroyed, either burnt, blown up, or sunk ; but when it is considered that the Battery was placed on a high cliff from the base of which the ship was a mile distant, that the fire was consequently plunging, and, further, that after the fourth round the object was a moving one, the expectation of the certain destruction of the ship will appear scarcely justifiable.
Lieut.-Col. Warde, Commanding Siege Train, to Lieut.-Col. Dacres, Commanding Royal Artillery.
Camp before Sebastopol,
Sir, Siege Train Office, 6th March 1855.
You will have received in due course this morning my official report of the practice carried on by Major Strange from the Lighthouse Battery against the two Russian steamers lying at the head of the Harbour.
Under ordinary circumstances I should not have considered it necessary to trouble you further upon this subject; but as I have heard to-day in various quarters that the practice has been stated to have been very indifferent, and as I have further heard that his Lordship the Commander-in-Chief has expressed dissatisfaction at the result, I have the honour to request that you will be pleased to submit this statement for his Lordship’s information, in the hope that he will be disposed to place more confidence in it than in any other information which he may have received from people less capable of forming a correct judgment upon the subject, and wholly unacquainted with the difficulties under which the practice was conducted.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
59
In the first place, the range was at the commencement about 1,800 yards, and, from the height of the Battery above the small object fired at, was of a very plunging nature.
Secondly. The tangent scales were not adapted for the length of range.
Thirdly. After the fourth round (which struck the ship) the object fired at was a moving one.
Notwithstanding the above-mentioned drawbacks, the vessel was hulled seven or eight times, her larboard paddle was so damaged as to be useless, and she has been so injured that she was seen this afternoon by Major Gordon, Royal Engineers, careened over for the purpose of repairing damages.
I beg, therefore, to submit that the object for which the practice was ordered has been most fully attained; the steamers have been obliged to withdraw, thereby removing all annoyance from their presence ; and one of them, the nearest, has been seriously damaged.
Under these circumstances I consider that the practice has been highly satisfactory.
I would call attention to the fact that H.M.S. “ Agamemnon ” was for six hours (during which time she remained stationary) exposed to the fire of one of the heaviest batteries in Sebastopol; notwithstanding which, she was enabled to steam away comparatively uninjured.
I trust that, taking these circumstances into consideration, his Lordship the Commander-in-Chief may be induced to form a more favourable opinion on the subject, and that he will be satisfied that every exertion was used on the part of both officers and men through the previous night, and during the practice, to carry out his wishes.
I have, &c.
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Lieut.-Col. Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Royal Artillery,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Commanding Siege Train.
&c. &c.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 6th March 1855.
#***##
This morning three British guns, placed in a battery overhanging the Tchernaya, opened upon two small steamers anchored at the head of the harbour, and after a fire of about an hour obliged them to take refuge behind a point.
One of them appeared to have sustained considerable damage, and is supposed to have been deserted by her crew.
#**#*#
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
H 2
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.

60
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Two 24-pounders and one 10-ineh mortar were sent down at night to the 1st parallel, Right Attack.
There had been no firing dui ing the month until this morning, and no casualties.
1th March.
No firing or casualties.
Two 68-pounders were got into No. I., Batterie du Carenage, and mounted.
8th, 9th, and 10 th March.
No firing or casualties.
We continued sending down ammunition to the Batteries and Caves. The state of the Batteries on the 10th was as follows

Report on the State of the Batteries before Sebastopol, showing the number of Guns and Mortars in position, Nature of each, the different Batteries in which they arc placed, the Quantity of Ammunition and Number of Rounds per Gun in each Battery, and the Number Required to complete to 500 rounds i>er Gun and 300 per Mortar (Shell Guns excepted).
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
61
00
cj
s
eS
o
©
C-*
s
c3
Q
a
S
= 1 d *.s-I
in
* *
g
a
'3
£
s
Sol
2 UD
is
2 «
-§1 © O O
I 2
6.S
S-s
II
s ^
jg °
a
a
3 «M e! ©
5 2
ra
® ©
K _T "
a
gc5 £ «
5 . .
$ ct2
c & -- c _o a 3 © £ +
ESS^S
9 fc, t*" s
llsll;
«o
^ a
O ©© © ©© © I <c 5 c 5 c
W © ^* £ ©
i i
tfSS I
lOMXl
© © © © © © GO © I
W r-l tc I> I
© a « ccnc
l Mills issiassi
i B i
1 M i i H
»*i ©
II i M I 2 11 i i i i l
© © _ SSi
SSSSS
8888 , K rl Cl *- I
I I
K K 91 K 9
„ . 1 » » 9 ) «
©©COO©©©©
■HSOWNSCOOSCN
neo
-MX®
to GO
© « « $ © »c
S I © © © © © © ©
Ot w W ^
8 88 , oo © ci I
,88 |
I oco I
s g ^ s s s g g a am
t» }« 9 * Jm |M
/'-‘•'E /*•'*-*>
eo ci ci ■sf
* *
■H © Cl O © © © ^> M r
S3 H
u c u u Jj S d B
osoot-^su, *3 at/®*® c © 5 : 0 ,
C^SSSg-^es
mum*
^x^^«©«©
U • U U 1.J
t. = - *- 5 u t-5 g:
© © i» © 3 3 o o fc- t- © © j- o •3 *3 © 3 y; 5c •vS 3 0 0’5'30«
= -sSarx g § s s = g as
3 3 3 3.5
: 3 3 *
a a aa=8.y a La.saa.sa
ii g
3 C S
5o 1
*3-*3 >-
02 £
CM 5
cSC gt
111 £§
t, o (« 3 a
SpgM .»M oi ►?
l£g=
s ■** ©:-
sag
•Is I
bej
C
3
u
H
o
fcD
o
tc
^3
s
ci
s
~ s
S o
scl
c
rt
C
©
f73 *>3
© M a
.a°
to r <
© O
A ^ P
o *5 c ^ o <1 o _ - O gi • >% o
§P=5
g g>
g ;
‘"3
M a a
o
o>
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.

62
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Not. 1854—» April 1855.
11 th March.
The enemy had been observed for the last few days at work on Gordon’s Hill, or the Mamelon Vert; hut no orders had been given to annoy them.
This morning the work had assumed such a shape that it was clear the enemy intended establishing himself on the hill.
Directions were sent to Colonel Warde about 5 p.m. to open from the mortars at the right of the 1st parallel, Right Attack, and from the Batterie du Carenage.
The latter Battery had no powder in its magazines, or small stores; consequently some delay took place.
Captain Oldfield’s and Major Strange’s- Companies were directed to man it. The embrasures had to he opened under a smart rifle fire from the pits in front.
When the Battery was ready to open evening had closed in. The first shot was fired after dark. The 40 fired during the night could have done but little execution,
The whole of the trenches of this Attack being guarded by the French, and this Battery being at a distance from our camps, it was considered advisable to give it over entirely to the French, which Lord Raglan sanctioned being done the next morning. We supplied its wants throughout the Siege.
Lieut.-Col. Warde, Commanding Siege Train, to Lieut.-Col. Dacres, Commanding Royal Artillery.
Camp before Sebastopol,
Sir, Siege Train Office, 14th March 1855,
I have the honour to report for your information that the French Artillery are still manning the 15-Gun Battery on the Inkermann right, and that they are very desirous of retaining it themselves.
I beg to state that if this arrangement should meet with the approbation of the Commander-in-Chief of the French Army, it would be very desirable for us that such arrangement should be carried into effect.
The Battery is at a very long distance from our camp, which, with our limited number of men, would create a considerable difficulty in serving it; and when the Second Division is removed from its present encampment, the small force of Artillery which it would be necessary to leave at Inkermann for the purpose of manning this Battery would be completely isolated not only from our own corps but from the British Army.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
63
I trust, therefore, that his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief of the French Army will permit this Battery to be manned hy his own artillerymen.
I have, &c.
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Lieut.-Col. Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery,
Crimea.
No. VIII. Battery, Left Attack, commenced.
12 th March.
The firing was continued at the work on the Mamelon from the 24-pounders on right of 1st parallel, Right Attack, and the mortars.
45 rounds from the 24-pounders, 22 rounds from the 13-inch mortars, were fired during the 24 hours.
The fire of the 24-pounders was occasionally directed at large rifle-pits of the enemy at the base of the Mamelon which kept up a fire on the French advances.
Captain C. J. Strange, Royal Artillery, arrived from England this day, and joined No. 7 Company, 12th .Battalion, at the Left Attack.
13 th March.
The firing at the Mamelon was continued as yesterday ; the working parties were much disturbed by the practice, but the work rapidly progressed.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure. *
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 13th March 1850.
The enemy commenced working upon the Mamelon in front of the tower of Malakoffon the night of Friday; but the nature of the work, from the thickness of the atmosphere, could not be distinguished.
Great progress, however, had been perceived on Sunday.
******
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
Second Pebiod, Nov. 1854— April 1855.

64
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
14 th March.
The firing from the Right Attack was the same as yesterday.
There was none from the Left Attack.
Three 32-pounders, 56 cwt., sent to complete the armament of the Batterie du Carenage. More ammunition sent to this Battery.
\hth March.
The 68-pounders in No. II. Battery, Right Attack, manned by the Naval Brigade, opened to-day at the Mamelon, and made splendid practice. They fired 42 rounds.
Twenty-seven 24-pounder shot were fired at the rifle-pits and Mamelon, the former being very annoying to the French.
Forty-five 10-inch mortar shells were thrown into the Mamelon.
Two 10-inch fuzes (date not known) were reported had.
Colonel Warde issued an order directing that officers commanding in the Batteries should report, through the officer commanding their Attacks, any extraordinary occurrence during their tour of duty.
They w r ere also desired to report any had fuzes, giving their dates, &c.
Extract from Siege Train Orders by Colonel Warde.
('amp, 15th March 1855.
1. Officers in command in the Batteries are requested to use the utmost vigilance with reference to anything extraordinary that may occur either in the English or French lines during their period of duty, and to report the same immediately upon their being relieved to the officer commanding the Attack to which they belong ; who is requested to communicate the same at once to the commanding officer.
2. They are also requested to note the quality of the fuzes which are used throughout the day, and also their dates, and to report in writing whenever the fuzes are bad, stating in their report the date of the fuzes.
3. Officers in command of Companies are requested to take every available opportunity (commencing immediately) of satisfying themselves that their officers, non-commissioned officers and men understand how to fix fuzes, giving them especial instructions to rasp them evenly throughout. Fuzes and shells will be provided in the park for this purpose ; they will also give positive orders that no faulty fuze is on any account to be fixed in a shell.
******
By order,
(Signed) E. Reilly, Captain and Adjutant.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
65
General Bosquet sent a message stating that the French look-out officer at Inkermann had observed boats crossing from the storehouses on the other side of the Harbour at Inkermann to the Point du Carenage. Captain Oldfield was directed to fire upon them from the Lighthouse Battery.
He was successful in forcing one large boat to return.
The Inkermann (Russian) batteries returned the fire, striking a gun carriage and wounding 1 sergeant and 1 gunner of No. 8 Company, 11th Battalion.
16/A March.
We continued to fire at theMamelon from the 10-inch and 13-inch mortars. 32 rounds from the former and 14 from the latter.
Fuzes were good.
Five 24-pounder round shot and three shell were fired at the rifle-pits, with such good effect that the enemy retired from them, and did not re-occupy them during the day.
The Inkermann Lighthouse Battery commenced firing at the storehouses across the Harbour; but owing to the embrasures falling in, the men were withdrawn to the 4 13-inch Mortar Battery in rear of it, from which four shell charged with Valenciennes composition were fired at the storehouses. One bad fuze, 1804.
The platforms sprung after the first round; both these Batteries were constructed and the platforms laid by the French.
Working parties from the detachment of Royal Artillery at Inkermann were employed for some days afterwards in repairing the embrasures and strengthening the traverses and magazines, one of which had fallen in from its own weight.
A Mortar Battery for two sea-service mortars, to fire into the Malakoff, Mamelon, and any part of the Town, was commenced on the Picquet-house Hill, the Royal Artillery furnishing the working parties.
17 th March.
The Naval Brigade again fired at the Mamelon and rifle-pits from the No. II. Battery. 20 round shot and 25 shell.
Four rounds from the 24-pounders fired at the pits. Enemy were again driven out and fire silenced for the day.
25 13-inch shells! .
29 10 „ } m ° rtar
fired with good effect at the Mamelon. One bad fuze reported.
The Mortar Battery at Inkermann fired nine rounds at the storehouses, and 29 rounds were also fired from the Lighthouse Battery. The Russians did not reply.
The rifle-pits in front of the Redan (afterwards named the Quarries) began to considerably annoy the Left Attack advances.
I
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.

66
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Seven 24-pounder round shot were fired at them from No. I. Battery, and three 13-inch shells from the right mortar of the first parallel, Left Attack, the platform of which was sprung by the firing.
Captain Wragge’s Company (No. 4 Company, 6th Battalion) was brought to the Right Attack.
Captain Shaw given Command of the Left Attack, Captain Broughton having been invalided to Scutari.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord,
Before Sebastopol, 17th March 1855.
• ****•
A steady fire lias been maintained upon the Mamelon in the occupation of the enemy from the guns in our Right Attack ; and the practice of both the Navy and the Artillery has been conspicuously good, and reflects the highest credit on those branches of Her Majesty’s service.
»»**#*
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
18^/t March.
The enemy re-occupied the rifle-pits under the Mamelon, but were again driven out by the fire of the Right Attack.
37 mortar shells were thrown into the Mamelon with good effect. Fuzes, 13-inch, date 1804, rather uncertain.
No firing from Left Attack.
No casualties.
A depot was established for the Right Attack on the Picquet-house Hill, close to the Woronzoff Road. The shot, shell, and ordnance were here deposited during the day, and at night taken on to the trenches.
The weather having become fine, and the tracks to the Batteries tolerably good, horses were employed with trench carts, Flanders waggons, &c. on fatigue each night, drawing ammunition, &c. to the Batteries.
The guards of the trenches were directed to march to the depots of the two Attacks on their way down to the trenches, where a 32-pounder shot in a canvas hag was given to one man, or an 8-inch shell in a wooden box to two men, for conveyance to the trenches.
A working party of the Line, from 40 to 400 for each Attack, was given every night, to carry the shot, shell, &c. from the first parallel, where the carts were emptied, to the different Batteries; the Royal Artillery being employed in stocking the magazines and caves with powder.
The whole of these duties were superintended by the Deputy Assistant Commissaries of Ordnance, Hayter and Yellon, who were indefatigable in their exertions, spending six or seven hours every night in the trenches.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
6 /
19 th March.
The enemy had constructed more rifle-pits during the night, and all were occupied this morning.
8-inch shells (44) were fired from the Sailors’ Battery, and 56 mortar shells from the mortars, into the Mamelon, which to-day showed several embrasures.
Deserters reported that the losses of the working parties employed in it were very heavy, amounting to hundreds per diem.
No firing from the Left Attack.
Two 9-pounder guns were sent down to the Right Attack, and placed in a small battery to the right front of No. VIII., in the left hoyau, right demi- parallel, for the purpose of driving the Russians out of the Mamelon rifle-pits, which were most formidable in their opposition to the French advances.
A sea-service mortar and bed was mounted in the sea-service Mortar Battery, Picquet-house Hill.
Second Period Nov. 1854— April 1855.
20 th March.
Firing was continued as before at the Mamelon and rifle-pits with good effect.
Two fuzes were reported bad. 1800 and 1805.
Second sea-service mortar was mounted in the Picquet-house Hill Battery. One mortar and bed, 10-inch, to the first parallel, Left Attack.
21 st March.
Gordon’s Battery fired as usual from the 68-pounders, 24-pounders, and mortars ; effect good.
The 9-pounders opened on the rifle-pits at about 900 yards range, making very excellent practice with round shot and spherical case. After the third or fourth shot at each pit the Russians were forced to retire from them, and as they ran towards the Mamelon, or the other line of rifle-pits, were fired at by the French riflemen from their advanced trenches.
The fire of the pits was completely silenced.
Six 13-inch shells were thrown at a working party under the Tower from the Left Attack, about 2,000 yards.
In the evening, Lord Raglan directed the sea-service Mortar Battery (Picquet-house Hill) to fire a couple of trial shots. One was fired at the Town, range 3,100 yards, and one into the Town with full charge of 16 pounds of powder. It fell near the White Buildings, distant about 4,000 yards. Both shells burst well.
22 d March.
We commenced firing again as before at the Mamelon and rifle-pits. Deserters again reported great losses daily from this fire, to which the enemy
i 2

68
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Not. 1854— April 1865.
did not reply; it is to be presumed for fear of drawing a heavier fire on the work.
The g-pounders fired 47 round shot with great effect at the rifle-pits.
Five Shrapnel shells were also fired and burst most accurately, but caused little disturbance to the riflemen.
Eighteen 13-inch shells were fired at various parts of the Town, Fort Paul, shipping, &c., at ranges from 2,500 to 3,500 yards.
Fuzes, 1800 and 1804, all good. Of the fuzes used in the first parallel, Right Attack, during the day, two marked B, 1804, were bad. Fuzes used during the night, 1801 and 1804, reported uncertain.
At night, about 11 o’clock, the Russians made a sortie in force, said to have been 8,000 men, from the Mamelon, against the French advances. At the same time the enemy’s works opened a heavy fire on the French and on our Right Attack.
The French defended their trenches with varied success.
About 1 a.m. the Russians attacked along the whole of the British front. They succeeded in getting into the Right Attack as far as the second parallel. Their supposed leader, an Albanian, handsomely dressed, after firing his pistol into No. VIII. Magazine, was killed in the Battery.
The attack was repulsed, but not without a heavy loss on our aide. Captain Montague, Royal Engineers, was taken prisoner on the Left.
Lieutenant Price and the detachment of Royal Artillery in charge of the two 9-pounders barely escaped a similar fate, being at one time completely surrounded by Russians.
A 32-pounder in the first parallel, Right Attack, was struck in the muzzle and disabled.
One man killed belonging to the Naval Brigade.
23 cl March.
Firing the same as usual from Right Attack. Rifle-pits again silenced. Seven fuzes bad, date 1811.
Nine-pounder fire very effective. No shell fired.
No firing from the Left, or from the sea-service Mortar Battery.
24 th March.
Continued as yesterday from the Right. Fuzes reported bad:—1811, 4; 1804, 1 ; 1801, 1.
No firing on the Left.
The Mamelon opened one of its embrasures, and after firing several shots at the Right Attack, closed it again.
Lieut.-Colonel Warde ordered that the mortar fuzes should be no longer cut, but bored to the proper length at the side. Gimlets were provided for the purpose.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
69
‘loth March.
Right Attack firing as yesterday.
Ten fuzes, 1811, bad.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Captain Hawkins’ Company (8th Company, 7th Battalion,) joined from England, and was posted to the Right Attack ; detail as follows:—
1 Captain—Captain Hawkins.
2 Lieutenants—Lieuts. Connolly and Sir John Campbell, Bart. 5 Sergeants.
4 Corporals.
5 Bombardiers.
160 Gunners.
1 Trumpeter.
7 Artificers.
Total - 185
Second Captain C. E. Walcott and Lieutenant F. A. Ardey, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined No. 4 Company, 2d Battalion, at the Left Attack.
Second Captain J. Boulton also arrived from England, and joined No. 4 Company, 6th Battalion, at the Right Attack.
2 (oth March.
Firing the same as yesterday.
Fuzes reported unserviceable, the composition being separated from the wood.
A Russian spy, dressed in the uniform of a French officer, was arrested by men of Captain Oldfield’s Company in the Lighthouse Battery, and handed over to the French.
Two mortar batteries, Nos. X. and XI., each for three 13-inch mortars, to fire into the Mamelon, Tower, and Redan, were commenced, Right Attack.
Lieut. E. G. Bredin, of No. 8 Company, 11th Battalion, Royal Artillery, having been promoted to Second Captain, embarked this day for England.
I'Jth March.
Enemy’s rifles very quiet.
Nine-pounders only fired six round shot. Three bad fuzes, 1811, reported from Gordon’s Battery.
No. I. Battery, Left Attack, fired six 13-inch shell at working parties under the Tower.

70
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nor. 1854— April 1855.
One gunner of Royal Artillery severely wounded in Right Attack.
A Polish officer surrendered in the Lighthouse Battery.
Mr. R. R. Armstrong (Acting Mate) joined the Naval Brigade.
28 th March.
The railway, which had been in course of construction for some time, was sufficiently advanced to bring up this day for the first time a load of ammunition, shot, shell, &c. to the depot at the Col de Balaklava, from whence it was conveyed to the French depots by the Field Batteries stationed on the plateau.
Each waggon was supposed to carry as follows
13-inch shell -
- 35"
02
£5
68-pounder shot
-
99
10-inch shell -
- 78
O
32-pounder shot
-
210
8-inch shell
- 164
>■ CO
24-pounder shot
-
280
32-pounder shell
- 306 g
- 480-J ^
8-inch hollow shot,
48 lbs.
140
51,-inch shell -
” n
561bs.
120
10-inch hollow shot
-
80
Guns exceeding four tons weight brought up in trawlers.
30 th, 31^ March.
Moderate firing at the rifle-pits and Mam cion, without any reply from the enemy.
No casualties.
Twelve mules were given to each Attack as means of Commissariat transport.
Major C. L. D’Aguilar, of No. 6 Company, 11th Battalion, Right Attack, appointed to the Royal Horse Artillery, and Captain H. A. Vernon, 4th Company, 2d Battalion, Left Attack, invalided, embarked for England.
Captain E. Moubray, 6th Company, 11th Battalion, Right Attack, joined V Field Battery, on promotion.
Lieut. W. W. A. Lukin joined 3d Company, 12th Battalion, Left Attack, from P Field Battery, on promotion to 2d Captain.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 31st March, 1855.
Since I wrote to your Lordship or the 27th instant, the operations of the Siege have been continued without any material interruption from the enemy beyond occasional shots from guns and mortars, and the more constant firing of musketry from rifle-pits.
******

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
71
The railway continues to progress in the most satisfactory manner, and last night had nearly reached the top of the hill usually called the Col de Balaklava, and advantage has been taken of it to bring up large quantities of ammunition and stores.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
1st April.
Three Coehorn mortars were moved down to No. VII. Battery, Right Attack, and 44 shells thrown into the Quarry rifle-pits.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Mr. E. W. Harding (Clerk).
'Id April.
The enemy opened with a mortar, 13-inch, in the Gervais Battery—that part of their works running down from the proper right of the Tower towards the Redan. Several good shells were thrown, which caused some casualties amongst our Infantry. A 13-inch mortar platform, on the right of Gordon’s Battery, was blown up by one of these shells.
One mortar put into No. X. Battery, Right Attack.
Two more 9-pounders sent to the 2d parallel, Right Attack, to fire at rifle- pits in front of our advance.
The sending down of these two 9-pounders to so exposed a position, where they could he of so little service, was strongly opposed; they were scarcely ever used.
The following detail joined the Naval Brigade this day:—
Captain W. Peel.
Lieut. C. F. Palmer.
,, C. A. Campbell.
„ O. W. Dalyell.
Midshipman A. C. Dupuis.
,, F. M. Ommanney.
1 Gunner.
202 Seamen.
3 d April.
Firing at Mamelon, rifle-pits, and Quarries. One fuze reported bad. Two 13-inch mortars mounted in No. X. Battery, Right Attack.
4 th April.
The enemy returned our fire very warmly. Two mortars opened from the Tower, and two from the Gervais Battery on our Right Attack, the fire of which was not increased.
Second Peeiod. Nov. 1854— April 1855.

72
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Twelve 13-inch shells were fired into the Mamelon and Tower from the Sea- service Mortar Battery.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and gunners 1
Wounded ,, „ 1
Total - - 2
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men - - - - 1
Grand Total - - 3
5th April.
Our fire from the Right Attack was increased in the morning, in consequence of large working parties being seen at the Tower works.
During the forenoon the Russians opened a heavy fire on the French advance ; the Redan also fired on our Attacks more heavily than usual.
We were ordered to reply.
Salvoes of mortar shells were fired into the Redan, Tower, and Mamelon every half hour during the afternoon from the following mortars : —
2 Sea-service.
2 in right of 2d parallel, Right Attack.
3 13-inch, No. X. ditto.
5 13-inch, Left Attack.
This fire had the desired effect.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men - 2 In the Naval Brigade :— .... Nil.
Ordnance, fyc. disabled.
Right Attack,—Trunnion 32-pounder knocked off, and carriage damaged.
Trail of 9-pounder gun broken ; spokes of another, ditto. Captain Oldfield’s Company (8th Company, 4th Battalion,) was moved from the Right Attack (Inkermann) to the Left Attack.
Captain Oldfield, being the senior officer, assumed the command of the Left Attack.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
73
The sailors drew up two G8-pounders from Balaklava; three 13-inch mortars were brought down to 1st parallel, Left Attack.
400 infantry ordered to each depot as a working party for carrying ammunition to the Batteries.
Large quantities of powder were sent down to the caves of both Attacks.
The railw ay authorities were ordered to give us as many waggons as they could spare ; we got from 20 to 30 daily, which, with large demands on the horses of the Royal Artillery, supplied us with from 40 to 50 tons per day.
The ammunition in the Batteries was now completed up to about 500 rounds per gun (some had more) and 300 per mortar.
100 sailors and gunners were given as a working party for five or six days to strengthen the 21-Gun Battery.
Lieut. C. C. Mitchell joined the Naval Brigade this day.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Qth April.
Very little firing. The damaged 32-pounder was replaced in Gordon’s Battery.
No. XII. Battery, Right Attack, commenced from three mortars on the Redan.
Lieut. C. E. Stirling, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined No. 1 Company, 12th Battalion, at the Right Attack.
1th Apr il.
The weather became unsettled ; slight showers in the afternoon.
One 13-inch mortar and one 10-inch ditto sent to 1st parallel, Right Attack.
One man wounded belonging to the Naval Brigade.
8th April.
A few' shots were fired from the Right Attack ; none from the Left.
A gunner of the Royal Artillery, Right Attack, wounded.
Captain Hawkins’ Company was ordered from the Right to reinforce the Left, where it remained till the end of the Siege.
In the afternoon the order was received to prepare to open fire in the morning at daylight. It had been hoped that a few days’ more delay would have taken place, as No. XI. Battery, Right Attack, and No. VIII. Battery, Left Attack, w ere not yet armed.
The day had been showery, and towards evening the rain descended heavily: the wind rose ; at midnight it was blowing a gale, and pitch dark. The trenches were flooded, the men completely drenched, and in some Batteries standing in six or eight inches of water.
K

74
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. The whole night was spent on the Left in trying to mount three 13-inch AprinssiT mortars on their platforms: only one was got on; the wet ropes would not — work, and no purchase could he got for the handspikes in the mud.
Many men who were on fatigue from six to twelve o’clock were for duty in the first relief, which was directed to he in the trenches by 4 a.m.
Second
Bombardment. SECOND BOMBARDMENT.
Easter Monday , 9 th April 1855.
The morning of the 9th April broke in thick fog and drizzling mist; heavy watery clouds hanging over the enemy’s works, obscured them from view.
Shortly before half-past 5 o’clock the mist partially rolled up, and permitted the outlines of the Redan and Malakoff to be seen.
At 25 minutes to 6 o’clock the first gun was fired from the British Batteries, and in a few seconds the whole of the Right and Left Attacks were in action (with the exception of No. IX. Battery, Right Attack, which did not open) ; and shortly afterwards the French Attacks opening, the Allied fire encircled the South side of the Town from the sea to Inkermann.*
The state of the weather prevented the result of the fire being observed, and no doubt much ammunition was consequently thrown away.
The Russians were completely taken by surprise.
For some moments not a shot was returned, and then a tew only were fired from the Redan, Malakoff, and Mamelon; it was nearly 6 o’clock before they opened fire generally, and then not from all their guns.
The rain again fell heavily, with a southerly wind, driving the dense smoke from our Batteries over the Town, which for the remainder of the day was entirely hidden.
The weather told severely on the men, and greatly increased their labours ; the tackle used in working the heavy guns would not run, the ropes would not bite, and the handspikes could obtain no purchase on the slippery boards of the mortar platforms, many of which were entirely covered with water.
About 1 o’clock the Russians opened a somewhat brisker fire, which appeared to be immediately checked by £ur Batteries, the Malakoff not firing one shot to our three, and the Mamelon only sending us an occasional one. These works when the mist rose for a short time, about three o’clock, appeared to be damaged considerably.
* The French opened with 303 pieces on the Left, 50 on the Right.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
75
Towards evening the fire slackened on both sides, and at dusk ceased, with Second period. the exception of occasional shells thrown from the mortars of both our Attacks, April' 1855 ? as well as from the French Left. „ ,
Second
The reliefs of the men in the Right Attack were eight hours, in the Left Bombardment, twelve hours, neither having more than two reliefs.
In the second relief the Sea-service Mortar Battery on the Picquet-house Hill was not manned, owing to the impossibility of working the mortars.
The mortar Batteries were supplied with sand to throw upon the platforms to render them less slippery.
The casualties in the Royal Artillery were not as heavy as might have been expected ; they were—
Right Attack.—Killed
- Non-commissioned officers and men
1
Wounded
M 5>
4
Left Attack.—Killed
>’ 55
2
Wounded
’> >5
3
the Naval Brigade:—
Total
10
Killed
- Officers (Lieut. Twyford)
1
55
Men -
8
Wounded
- Officers (Captain Lord J. Hay) -
1
5 y
- Men.
14
Total - - 24
Grand Total - - 34
Ordnance , Qc. disabled.
Right Attack - - - - 1 24-pounder.
1 32-pounder.
Left Attack - - - 4 24-pounders.
1 8-inch gun.
The vents of two of the 24-pounders (No. I. Battery, Left Attack), which had been rehouched, flew out.
A 13-inch mortar was sent to first parallel, Left Attack.
Lieut. J. H. Cave joined the Naval Brigade this day.
10 th April.
The fire re-opened from all the Batteries, as yesterday, at daylight. Russians replied with considerable vigour.
k 2
The

SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
70
Second Peuiod. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.
Some heavy rain fell during the early morning.
About 10 o’clock the day cleared up, and the sun shone out bright and warm.
The fire of the Mamelon was soon checked. After a time that of the Malakoff was considerably got under. The Redan still kept up a steady discharge, notwithstanding the heavy and well-directed tire of the left of the 21-Gun Battery and the Left Attack.
The Barrack Battery was, as usual, very annoying to our Right Attack.
The Garden batteries fired heavily on No. IV. Battery, Left Attack.
At noon we had generally established our superiority of fire.
Lieut. Sinclair, R.A., was very severely wounded in the Right Attack, supposed by the piece of a carriage knocked off by a round shot, which striking him on the left side, broke his arm, hand and thigh. Our other casualties were —
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Wounded - „ ,, (j
Left Attack. — Killed - ,, ,, 1
Wounded - ,, ,, 1
Total - - 9
In the Naval Brigade : —
Killed - Men - - - 3
Wounded - Men - - 8
Total - - 11
Grand Total - 20
Ordnance , SfC. disabled.
Right Attack - - 1 8-inch gun.
1 32-pounder gun carriage.
Left Attack - - - 1 13-incli mortar burst when being fired
with the full service charge of 9 lbs.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panyiure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 10th April 1855.
In accordance with the arrangement made between General Canrobert and myself, the Bnttiries of the French and English Armies opened upon Sebastopol soon after daylight yesterday morning.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
77
The weather was extremely unpropitious. Much rain had fallen in the course of the night, and it continued during the day, accompanied by a tempestuous wind and a heavy mist, which obscured everything, and rendered it impossible to ascertain with any degree of accuracy the effect of the fire, which had been continued with little or no interruption from the commencement, and has been superior to that of the enemy, who were evidently taken by surprise, and, except upon the extreme Left, did not respond to the attack for nearly half an hour.
This morning has been hazy, and for some time there was a drizzling rain ; but it is clearing this afternoon, and there is again a prospect of fine weather.
The country yesterday was covered with water, and the ground was again very deep. The trenches were likewise extremely muddy, and their condition added greatly to the labours of the men employed in the batteries, who consisted chiefly of sailors, artillerymen, and sappers.
They conducted their duties admirably; and I am sorry to say that the two former, particularly the Navy, sustained considerable loss.
I have not yet received the returns of the casualties beyond the 9th instant, which are herewith enclosed ; but the death of Lieut. Twyford, of the Royal Navy, a most promising officer, and greatly respected by all, has been notified to me ; and Captain Lord John Ilay, who has taken a most active part in the gallant and distinguished services of the Naval Brigade, was wounded almost at the same moment, I believe by the same shot.
I hope the injury he has received is not very serious ; but the loss of his assistance even for a time is much to be regretted. *.
******
Secoxd Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
11/4 April.
The morning was foggy, with light rain. Our fire opened again at daylight.
The enemy’s fire was not so heavy as yesterday morning, though some guns had evidently been replaced in his works during the night.
The fire from the Redan was still formidable, and caused much damage to the Left Attack, which also again suffered from the Town and Garden batteries; but with, fortunately, few casualties*to the gunners.
At noon the Fleets advanced and stood off the Port, but did not attack.
The officers and men of the Royal Artillery were becoming exhausted from their exertions and overwork, since the afternoon of the 8th having had only two reliefs.
In the Right Attack, allowing the time for marching backwards and forwards to the Batteries, they had about ten hours on duty and six off, out of each sixteen hours. The Left had ten hours off out of the twenty-four.
The number of men in a gun’s crew for each description of ordnance manned by the Naval Brigade were'—
9o cwt. - 08-pounders -
93 cwt. - Ditto, Lancaster
10-inch guns
32-pounders, and all other guns
1 bombardier and 36 men. Ditto.
2 bombardiers and 32 men. Each 28 men.

78
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Not. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.
*
The guns’ crews were divided into four reliefs, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. During the bombardments two reliefs were always present during the day, but only one during the night.
Between the bombardments the reliefs were regulated as follows, commencing 1st April 185.5 (during the winter only one relief went into Batteries, night or day) :—
1st day.—Nos. 1 and 2 reliefs went into Batteries at daylight, 1st relief returning at sunset, leaving 2d in Battery for night duty.
2d day.—3d and 4th reliefs went in at daylight, 3d returning at sunset, 4th remaining for night duty.
3rd day.—1st and 2d reliefs went in at daylight, 2d returning at sunset, and 1st remaining for night duty, and so on; each relief had thus 36 hours in Battery every four days. The night reliefs were always allowed 12 hours’ rest, after which they were told off into the necessary working parties for carrying powder and shot, or other fatigue duties connected with the Batteries.
The guns worked by the lloyal Artillery were manned as follows :—
68-pounders 10-inch guns
8 -
Lancaster 32-pounders 24- „
13-inch mortars 10 - 8 -
5-i- „
besides men in charge of magazine.
> 8 or 9 men each,
- 6 men.
- 6 .,
- 7 „
- 6 „
From the afternoon of Sunday to Tuesday morning the men had been continually wet; their feet were so swollen from continued standing in and walking to and from the Batteries, that many were afraid to take their boots off lest they should not he able to get them on again.
The officers and men carried on their duties with the most persevering gallantry and determination ; and though many were more fit for the hospital than for duty, comparatively few gave way.
The increase of several pieces in both Attacks since the 9th (calculating for Nos. VII. and VIII. Batteries, Left Attack,) rendered it impossible to hope that the Royal Artillery could undertake to carry on the bombardment with its present strength, the additional men thus required, and the inevitable casualties, being taken into account.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
79
Assistance of a few men was given from the Field Batteries, and they Sl ^' 0XD 1 g 5 “ I01> could ill he spared from their duties; further assistance was therefore April isss. demanded by Lord Raglan from Sir Edmund Lyons; 200 men were landed s ~ d from the Fleet, and the remaining guns in the 21-Gun Battery were given up Bombardment, to them.
We had to deplore the loss of Lieut. Luce, who was struck by a round shot in both legs, and died about two hours after his removal to camp.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Officers (Lieut. Luce) - - 1
,, - Non-commissioned officers and men 2
Wounded „ „ 2
Left Attack. — Killed ,, ,, 1
Wounded „ „ 1
Total - - 7
In the Naval Brigade : —
Killed - Men - (>
Wounded- Officers (Lieut. Urmston) - - 1
Wounded- Men - - - - - -14
Total - - 21
Grand Total - - 28
Ordnance, fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder disabled.
2 32-pounder carriages disabled.
1 8-inch gun wheel disabled.
Left Attack.— 1 32-pounder disabled.
2 24-pounders disabled.
4 gun carriages disabled.
The Inkermann Lighthouse Battery, in charge of Major Strange’s Company (18th Company, 11th Battalion,) had been occasionally engaged during the bombardment with the Russian Inkermann batteries.
The mortars continued their fire all night.
The stock of 13-inch fuzes was almost exhausted, but we had a large quantity of 10-inch ; these were made available for 13-inch shells by wrapping

so
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period- Nov. 1854— April 1856.
Second
Bombardment.
pieces of sandbags, &c. round the fuze, so as to fit tight in the fuze hole ; very good practice was made in this manner.
Several ship-loads of 13-inch shells had arrived with 10-inch fuzes.
At night three 32-pounders on travelling carriages were sent down to he placed in the advance Batteries of the Left Attack (Nos. VII. and VIII.) They were taken by horses as usual to the rear of the 1st parallel, where they were met by a large fatigue party of the Line, who M ere to drag them with drag-ropes and man-harness into position ; but such was the state of the ground from the continued rain that, despite the most earnest efforts, only one gun could he got into position ; the rest were left behind the 1st parallel.
12/4 April.
Firing commenced at daylight. Again the Russian works appeared renewed during the night; and embrasures whose guns had been disabled again sent forth, from fresh-mounted guns, shot and shells, &c. The resources of the place in artillery appeared inexhaustible ; but still our fire was superior to the enemy’s.
The Round Tower fired very little during the forenoon, and in the afternoon both it and the Mamelon were silent. The fire of our Batteries was still directed on them, and these works suffered considerable damage.
No. VII. Battery, Left Attack, opened at daylight with only 4 guns; but was ordered to cease firing almost directly afterwards, as unsupported it could be of no service.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 3 Left Attack. — Killed - ,, ,, 1
Total - - 4
In the Naval Brigade : —
Killed - Officers (Lieut. II. W. Douglas) - 1
„ - Men. 1
Total - - 2
0
Grand Total

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
81
Second Period. Not. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.
Iii the evening 2 10-inch mortars were moved forward to No. XII. Battery, Right Attack.
Two 8-inch guns and three 32-pounders were sent down to the Left Attack.
The attempt to arm the advanced Batteries of the Left Attack was again proceeded with, and with no greater success than the night before, as one gun only was got into No. VIII. The work was persevered with till daylight, Lord Raglan having desired these two Batteries (VII. and VIII.) to open in the morning. The enemy discovered the working party, and destroyed a 32-pounder with a round shot.
In the Right Attack two 13-inch mortars were got into No. XI. Battery, and the magazine was stocked.
Ordnance, §c. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 8-inch gun and carriage disabled.
Left Attack.— 3 13-inch mortars rendered non-effective. 1 24-gun carriage disabled.
13 th April.
All the Batteries of both Attacks opened fire this morning, the additional ones being Nos. IX. XI. XII., Right Attack; Nos. Vll. and Vlll., Left Attack.
The fire of No. IX., Right Attack, was directed on the Tower and its approaches to the Mamelon, with good effect; it received in return an annoying cross-fire from the Redan.
The mortar Batteries Nos. XI. and XII. threw shells into the Mamelon, Malakoff, and Redan. The Russian fire on the Right was feeble.
On the Left a most unequal contest was carried on between Nos. VII. and VIII. advanced Batteries, containing only five and three guns respectively, against a powerful array of artillery in the Barrack, Garden, and Town batteries.
The Russians poured in from these batteries an overwhelming fire, which was gallantly replied to. The advanced Batteries were ably supported by those Batteries in rear which were capable of affording assistance; but the contest was hopeless, and the men were withdrawn from the advanced Batteries early in the forenoon.
These Batteries were greatly injured, several embrasures being knocked in. One gun in No. VIII. was disabled; and our loss in men was very heavy.

82
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Casualties.
- Officers (Lieut. L’Estrange) - - 1
Non-commissioned officers and men 3
»> >)
* 55 55
Total
- Officers (Lieut. D’Aeth)
Men -
Total
Grand Total
Ordnance , §c. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder disabled.
1 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
Left Attack.—1 32-pounder disabled.
Again at night the work of arming the advanced Batteries was proceeded with. A party of 400 men of the 68th Regiment were told off for the duty.
The commanding officer of the Siege Train (Colonel Warde) personally superintended the operation.
The ground, though not quite so soft as on the preceding nights, was more sticky and holding; but with great perseverance three guns were got into No. VIII., completing it, and only leaving one gun to be put into No. VII.
No. XIII., Right Attack, sandbag battery, was commenced.
Owing to the proximity of one of the enemy’s rifle-pits, it was considered necessary to screen the gunners employed in No. IX. Battery by mantelets.
Lieut.-Colonel Dickson, Royal Artillery, commanding Right Attack, had some made from cow-hides sewn together and stuffed with hay, and slung on a beam across the top of the embrasure ; they withstood the rifle fire remarkably well, but the gunners could not he persuaded to use them during a bombardment. They were pulled down, and no casualties occurred from rifle fire.
Rope mantelets made on board the Fleet were used in all the advanced Batteries during the later portion of the Siege, and were quite proof against the rifle bullets of the enemy.
3
9
16
1
6
Second Period.
a’phi 1 18557 In the Royal Artillery:— Second Right Attack.—Wounded
Bombardment.
Left Attack. — Killed
Wounded
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
83
Second Period.
Rear-Admiral Lyons to the Secretary of the Admiralty. Nov. 1854—
April 1855.
Sir, “ Royal Albert,” off Sebastopol, 13th April 1855. Second
My letter of the 10th instant, No. 284, will have informed the Lords Bombardment Commissioners of the Admiralty that the Siege Batteries before Sebastopol re-opened their fire on the 9th instant.
I grieve to say that the casualties have been severe, though not, perhaps, more than might have been expected, considering the number of guns which are manned by seamen. Lists of the casualties on each day are enclosed for the information of their Lordships; and I have to lament the fall of two gallant and promising young officers, Lieutenant Samuel Twyford, of the “ London,” and Lieutenant W. D. Douglas, of the “ Queen.”
Captain Lord John Hay and Lieutenant Urmston, of the “ Queen,” have been wounded, though not severely.
The services of the officers and seamen of the Naval Brigade have been invaluable.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Ed. Lyons,
Rear-Admiral and Commander-in-Chief.
14/A April.
At daylight all the Batteries commenced again. On the Right the Russians were kept under; but on the Left, as yesterday, they concentrated a most murderous fire on the two advanced Batteries, which were fought with the greatest gallantry, but were again obliged to succumb. The parapets were greatly damaged; three guns disabled, with a very heavy loss of men.
On the Right we had to deplore the loss of a young officer (Lieutenant Michell), who was killed by a round shot from the Redan, which, after passing through the top of the epaulement of No. IX. Battery, fractured the base of his skull.
No. IX. Battery, Left Attack, commenced.
The following officers joined the Naval Brigade with the 200 seamen mentioned as having been landed from the Fleet on the 11th April—
Captain G. St. Y. King,
Lieutenant S. C. Byng,
Midshipman H. T. Hovenden,
„ S. W. V. Lake,
„ W. II. Kennedy.

84
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.
Casualties.
In the lloyal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Officers (Lieutenant Michell) - 1
Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 1 Left Attack. — Killed „ „ 4
Wounded - Officers (Assist.-Surgeon Cockerell) 1 „ - Non-commissioned officers and men 19
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed
Wounded
Men
Men
Total
26
3
10
Total - - 13
Grand Total - - 39
Ordnance , SfC. disabled.
Left Attack.—1 24-pounder vent injured.
1 24-pounder dismounted.
1 24-pounder disabled.
1 32-pounder ,,
1 32-pounder carriage disabled.
Lord Raglan to Lord Paxjicre.
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 14th April 1855.
Since I wrote to your Lordship on the 10th instant, a steady and heavy lire upon the works of the enemy has been maintained from all the batteries of the Allies.
The fire of the British Artillery, chiefly directed against the Garden batteries, the Barrack battery, the Redan, the Malakoff Tower, and the Mamelon, has been most effective, and the enemy’s works have suffered very considerably ; although they have, as usual, made a good use of the night to repair damages, notwithstanding that the vertical fire has been continued throughout the twenty-four hours.
The practice both of the Naval Brigade and the Artillery has been excellent.
The casualties have not been very numerous, but the loss has fallen heavily upon the sailors, as your Lordship will see by the accompanying returns; and the Royal Navy has to deplore the death of Lieutenant Douglas, w T ho has served with great ability and zeal from the commencement of the Siege.
Lieutenants Urmston and D’Aeth, Royal Navy, and Steele, Royal Marine Artillery, all valuable officers, have been wounded.
The Royal Artillery has also to lament the death of Lieutenant Luce, who was an officer of much promise ; and Lieutenants Sinclair and L’Estrange are among the wounded.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
85
The former has sustained several severe injuries, but I am happy to add that there is every hope of his recovery.
They are both highly meritorious officers.
***»•*
Our Batteries and parapets continue to stand remarkably well, notwithstanding the very unfavourable state of the weather.
The enemy’s fire has been comparatively slack, but the practice good, and, owing to their having ascertained the range of our batteries with great nicety, several guns have been disabled in both the Right and Left Attacks.
Towards the Tchernaya nothing important has been observed ; but small bodies of men, from 150 to 500, have been seen, with a heavy gun and some ordnance carriages, moving along the Inkermann heights towards M‘Kenzie’s Farm Road, near which it has been placed in position.
Although the duties have been unusually severe and arduous, both by day and night, during the week, they have been carried out with the utmost cheerfulness and zeal, reflecting much credit both on officers and men.
»#»***
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment,
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
15 th April.
The fire of our Batteries continued.
The advanced Batteries of the Left Attack were not opened.
The expenditure of ammunition was directed to be confined to 70 rounds per gun per diem.
No. X. Battery, Left Attack, commenced.
The enemy’s fire was quite unsubdued on the Left; the Mamelon and Maiakoff were comparatively silent.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 3
Left Attack.—Wounded ,, „ 1
Total - - 4
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men - - - 1
Wounded - Men - ----- 6
Total - - 7
11
Grand Total

86
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment
Ordnance, SfC. disabled.
Right Attack.—2 8-inch gun carriages disabled.
16th April.
The same Batteries were in action as yesterday. The fire from the Malakoft rather increased.
About 10 o’clock the enemy sent a shell throngh one of the magazines of No. IX. Battery, Right Attack, which caused it to explode, killing the magazine man and wounding five others.
The debris of the magazine and of the parapet, a considerable portion of which was knocked down, rendered unserviceable for the moment all the guns in the Battery, with the exception of one, which the officer in command (Capt. Dixon) turned at once upon the Russians, who stood on the parapet of their works and cheered, at the same time pouring a heavy fire on the ruined Battery.
Captain Dixon’s conduct was noticed with high commendation in Lord Raglan’s despatch. He has since for this received the Victoria Cross.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— Right Attack.—Killed
Wounded Left Attack.—Wounded
Non-commissioned officers and men 2 ’■> 9
y> >> 1
Total
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men - Wounded Men
12
o
7
Total - . 9
Grand Total - - 21
Ordnance, fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—(Lighthouse Battery) - 1 32-pounder disabled.
Left Attack.— - - - - 1 32-pounder disabled.
3 24-pounders’ vents injured.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
87
llth April.
Orders were received from Lord Raglan to reduce the fire from all the Batteries ; it was restricted almost entirely to mortar fire ; some of the guns firing about eight rounds in the day.
The enemy ceased firing as we did.
The fire during this bombardment occasionally directed on the rifle-pits in front of the Mamelon had completely destroyed them.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - 3
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men 2
Total - 5
Ordnance , SfC. disabled.
Right Attack_1 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
The Second Bombardment of Sebastopol was at an end, without any decisive result. After eight days’ incessant firing with some of the heaviest guns and mortars ever used at a siege, served with admirable precision, with zeal, gallantry, and coolness which can never be surpassed, and with an immense expenditure of ammunition, we had yet failed either to silence the enemy’s fire or to destroy his works.
We had daily established a superiority over the Mamelon and Malakoff, hut the guns destroyed by day were replaced at night. Under ordinary circumstances and in a regular siege we should no doubt have first silenced and then destroyed these works ; but owing to the vast resources of the place the enemy’s ffte was still comparatively unsubdued. It was not considered sufficiently subdued to warrant an assault.
Since the llth April 49 guns had been manned by the Royal Navy, and 74 pieces by the Royal Artillery.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.

88
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
con'dthriou. Our total casualties during the Second Bombardment were—
Nov. 1854 — °
April 1855 . In the lioyal Artillery :—
Second
Officers - - Killed
- 2 T
- 5
Bombardment.
Wounded
- 3 J
Non-commissioned officers and men - Killed
- 18 j
- 86
Wounded
- 68 J
Total
-
91
In the Naval Brigade :—
Officers - Killed
- 21
6
Wounded
- 4/
Men - Killed
-24)
- 116
Wounded
- 92 J
Total
-
122
Grand Total
_
213
Ordnance disabled.
4 13-inch mortars.
10 24-pounders.
10 32-pounders.
1 8-inch gun.
1 9-pounder damaged.
Total - 26
Expenditure of Amm unition.
5,519 13-inch 4,922 10-inch 8,622 24-pounders 20,237 32-pounders 4,184 8-inch 640 10-inch 3,730 68-pounders
mortars.
1
i
I
^guns.
J
Total rounds - 47,854

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
89
Return showing the Ammunition Expended in the Batteries against Sebastopol, from 9th to
16th April 1855, both inclusive.
Camp before Sebastopol, 18th April 1855.
Batteries.
Left Attack Batteries.
Attack.
Shot.
Shell.
Total.
'13-111011 mortars
.
_
1,968
1,968
10-
-
—
2,753
2,753
24 pounders
-
2,294
—
2,294
32- „ -
-
2,246
208
2,454
8-ineh guns
-
76
958
1,034
68-pounders
-
2,400
540
2,940
1.32- „ -
-
5,000
760
5,760
'13-inch mortars
-
—
3,551
3,551
10-
-
—
2,169
2,169
24-pounders
-
3,543
243
5,588
32- „ -
-
3,293
90
3,383
8-inch guns
-
294
276
570
8- „
-
2,000
580
2,580
68-pouuders
-
700
90
790
32- „ -
-
7,540
1,100
8,640
10-inch guns
-
640
—
640
.24-pounders
-
740
—
740
Total
-
32,568
15,286
47,854
Remarks.
. Maimed by the Royal Artillery.
Royal Navy.
Royal Art illery.
Royal Navy.
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) E. C. Warde, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
M
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment

Second Period. Not. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.
90 SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Return of Ammunition Remaining in the Crimea, and the Number of Pieces of Ordnance
and Carriages at Balaklava.
Camp before Sebastopol, 20tli April 1855.
No. of l’ieces in the Batteries.
No. of Hounds
No. of
Total
No. of Rounds per Gun.
At Balaklava.
Nature.
per Gun in the Batteries.
Rounds at Balaklava.
Ordnance.
Carriages.
68-pounder
6
447
500
524
Nil.
Nil.
8-incli gun ...
15
129
11,700
909
Nil.
Nil.
10- „ -
4
329
1,700
895
4
4
32-pounder -
42
233
5,200
356 {
8 guns 56 cwt.
} Nil.
24- „ -
20
130
6,000
430
16
16
13-inch mortar
20
62
1,100
117
Nil.
Nil.
10- „ -
16
35
Nil.
35
3
6 beds.
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 17th April 1855.
The fire of both the French and English Armies has been continued upon Sebastopol since I addressed your Lordship on the 14th instant; and though superior to that of the enemy, it has not produced that permanent effect which might have been anticipated from its constancy, power, and accuracy.
The guns of the Russians have been turned upon some of our advanced works in vast numbers ; and in one particular instance the injury sustained by a battery was so great that the unremitting exertions of Captains Henry and Walcott, and the gallantry and determination of the artillerymen under their orders, alone enabled them to keep up the fire and to maintain themselves in it.
In another battery yesterday a shell burst close to the magazine, which in consequence exploded, killing, I am much concerned to say, one man, wounding two most severely, and seven iu a less degree.
Both the batteries I have mentioned have been repaired and restored to their original condition.
* * * * * *
I have to lament the loss of two young and promising officers, who had only lately joined the Army, Lieut. Preston, of the 88tli Regiment, and Lieut. Mitchell, of the Artillery.
******
The French blew up several small mines in front of the Bastion du Mat after sunset on Sunday evening, with a view to establish a parallel on the spot. This operation greatly alarmed the

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
91
enemy, who at once commenced a heavy fire of cannon and musketry in every direction from that Second Period. part of the town, which they kept up for a considerable time. iv'ril'issiT
It occasioned no harm on our Left Attack, upon which a part of it was directed, and I hope did _
little injury to our Allies. Second
****** Bombardment.
I have, &c. (Signed)
Raglan.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 21st April 1855.
******
I beg to lay before your Lordship the list of casualties which have occurred since the return was made out which I forwarded to you on the 17th.
In my despatch of that day, I informed your Lordship that a magazine had exploded in one of our batteries ; but I omitted to state that Captain Dixon, of the Artillery, availed himself of that opportunity to evince the coolest judgment and most determined gallantry, by instantly opening a gun upon the enemy, notwithstanding the confusion which the bursting of the shell had occasioned, the number of men who had suffered from it, and the great damage the battery had sustained.
******
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
Memorandum.
Brigadier-General Dacres to the Officers, Non-commissioned Officers and
Men of the Royal Artillery.
Camp before Sebastopol, 28th April 1855.
The Brigadier-General Commanding has great pleasure in publishing to the officers, non-commissioned officers, and men of the Royal Artillery, the following Remarks made by Field Marshal Lord Raglan on the conduct of Captains Henry and Walcott, and the officers and men under their command, whilst manning the guns in Nos. VII. and VIII. Batteries, Left Attack, on the mornings of the 13th and 14th April:—
“ Colonel Dacres will he so good as to communicate to Captains Henry “ and Walcott, and express to them not only my approbation of their “ conduct, and that of the officers and men under them, but my warmest “ thanks for their gallantry and steady perseverance in discharge of their “ duty.
“ (Signed) Raglan.
“ 15th April 1855.”

92
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Second Period. Nov. 1854— April 1855.
Second
Bombardment.
Third Period. April—June 1855.
The following are the names of the officers referred to :—
Captain Oldershaw. Lieutenant Simpson.
,, P. Dickson. ,, Torriano.
„ Lukin. „ Hams.
,, Briscoe.
By order. (Signed) John Ad ye,
Lieut.-Col., A. A. General.
THIRD PERIOD OE THE SIEGE.
April—June 1855.
Exertions were again commenced to replenish the existing Batteries with shot and shell, to get up fresh ordnance to replace damaged and condemned guns, and to arm new Batteries.
It was determined to remove all the 24-pounders from the Batteries, and replace them with heavier guns.
Orders were given for the Sea-service mortar Battery on the Picquet-house Hill to be dismantled, and the mortars to he moved down, one to the left of the first parallel, Gordon’s Battery, and one to No. XI. Battery, Right Attack.
18 th April.
The firing from the Right Attack was almost entirely confined to mortars ; that from the Left was small.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men - 1 In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men - 1
Wounded - Men - - 1
Total - - 2
Grand Total - 3
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 10-inch gun disabled.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
93
1 Qth April.
The railway at this time was of the greatest service, giving us the very great assistance of 40 waggons per diem.
The tiring from the Right continued from the mortars at the Malakoff, Redan, &c.; the firing from the Left was rather heavier than the last day or two, owing to an increase of the Russian fire.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men - 1
Wounded - „ „ 1
‘ Total - -2
In the Naval Brigade :— ..... Nil.
One 8-inch gun sent to Right Attack at night.
20 th April.
The firing from both Attacks continued as yesterday, with very little reply from the Russians.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— - Nil.
In the Naval Brigade:—
Wounded - Men - - 1
One 32-pounder and two 68-pounders sent to the Right Attack.
21 st April.
The same as yesterday.
One 32-pounder sent to Left Attack.
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder disabled.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :— .... Nil.
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Officers (Lieutenant A. Douglas) - 1
Men - - - 1
Total - 2
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.

94
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment
Our firing slackened.
22 nd April.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— - Nil.
In the Naval Brigade:—
Wounded - Men - - - 1
One 68-pounder sent to Right Attack, and one 24-pounder (to sweep to the right of the first parallel) to replace one damaged.
Four 32-pounders and three carriages sent to the Left Attack.
Captain and Adjutant W. E. M. Reilly, Royal Artillery, appointed Brigade- Major of the Siege Train.
23 d April.
One 32-pounder and one 68-pounder sent to the Right Attack. Two 10-inch guns, slide carriages, to Left Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - - 2
In the Naval Brigade:—
Wounded - Men - - - 3
Total - - 5
24 th April.
Firing diminished. No casualties.
25 th April.
This evening a new Battery for two guns, to fire against the left flank of the Redan, was commenced,— No. XIV. Right Attack.
Firing on both sides almost ceased. No casualties.
Two 8-inch guns sent to the Left Attack.
The following joined the Naval Brigade during the last few days:— Lieutenant E. E. Wilson,
„ A. Mitchell,
Midshipman C. S. Shuckbury, and 19 seamen.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 95
2 Qth April.
Very few shots fired.
Two 32-pounders sent to Left Attack to replace 24-pounders.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Killed - Gunners - 2
In the Naval Brigade:—
Killed - - Men - - - 1
Wounded - Men - - - 1
Total - - 2
Grand Total - - 4
The following joined the Naval Brigade this day:—
Assistant Engineer Henry Cooke.
„ J. Steddifast.
27 th April.
No firing from the Left Attack.
Three 32-pounders sent to Left Attack to replace 24-pounders. Two carriages also sent to Left Attack.
No. XI. Battery, Left Attack, commenced for 6 guns.
Lieutenant C. O. Browne, R.A., arrived from England, and joined the 8th Company, 11th Battalion, at the Right Attack.
The following joined the Naval Brigade this day :—
Midshipman C. T. Dench.
„ G. Parsons.
Lieutenant C. E. Stirling, 1st Company, 12th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Right Attack, embarked for England, on appointment to Royal Horse Artillery.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— ^ - - - . . Nil.
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men - - - 1
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.

96
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Third Period, April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
28th, 29 th, and 30 th April.
Scarcely any firing on either side. No casualties.
One 10-inch gun and one 68-pounder sent to Right Attack.
Two 13-inch mortars sent to Left Attack.
Lieutenant W. H. R. Simpson, 2d Company, 12th Battalion, Left Attack, embarked for England, on promotion.
Captain H. Heyman, 5th Company, 9th Battalion, Right Attack, appointed Adjutant to Lieut.-Col. Fitzmayer, commanding the Field Batteries attached to the Second Division of the Army.
Assistant Surgeon E. Bowen, doing duty with the Siege Train at the Right attack, posted to E Field Battery, attached to the Light Division.
Return of Ammunition Remaining in the Butteries 30th April 1855.
Nature of Ordnance.
Number of Pieces in the
Batteries.
Number of Hounds in the
Batteries.
Number of Hounds per Gun.
68-pounder gun - - -
6
4,793
799
8-incli gun
-
19
4,472
235
10- „
-
7
2,156
308
32-pounder gun
-
48
4,674
305
24- „ -
-
2
2,600
1,300
13-inch mortar
-
22
1,713
77
10 „ -
*
16
1,285
80
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimen.
(Signed) E. C. W arde, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
ls£ to Qth May.
Very few shots were exchanged during the first week of this month.
In the Royal Artillery :— Wounded
In the Naval Brigade:— Wounded
Casualties.
Gunners
Men
1
o
Total
3

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 97
We were employed in sending down ammunition to the trenches, replacing guns, &c.
Sent down to the trenches :—
1st May.—Left Attack: 1 13-inch mortar and bed.
2d „ „ 1 32-pounder gun and carriage.
3d ,, Right Attack: 1 8-inch gun.
Left Attack: 1 13-inch mortar.
4th „ „ 1 13-inch mortar.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panjicre.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 1st May 1855.
******
Tiie Russians continue actively engaged in covering their advanced works, and they have constructed a new battery on then" left of the Mamelon. Troops are constantly in motion on the North side.
******
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
1th May.
From this day to the 23rd May no casualties occurred in the Royal Artillery. The firing had almost ceased.
The labour of supplying the Batteries was very severe, owing to the extremely rainy weather.
Sent down one 8-inch gun to Left Attack.
Captain M. Adye, Royal Artillery, arrived from England this day, and was attached to do duty with No. 6. Company, 11th Battalion, at the Right Attack.
Lieut. Maule, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined No. 7 Company, 11th Battalion, at the Right Attack. Lieutenants Geary and Rice arrived from England at the same time, and joined their respective Companies at the Left Attack.
10 th May.
The following casualties occurred in the Naval Brigade this day :— Killed - Men - - - 1
Wounded - Men - - - 4
5
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
N

98
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Third Period. April—June 1855.
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
Return of Ammunition Required to complete for Guns 500 and Mortars 300 Rounds.
Camp before Sebastopol, 10th May 1855.
Nature.
16 or 14 lb.
Charges.
12 lb.
Charges.
10 lb.
Charges.
G lb.
Charges.
8 lb.
Charges.
L.G.
Powder
Barrels.
10-inch guns
—
800
200
—
_
_
8- „ -
400
—
4,000
1,400
3,000
—
32-pounder guns -
—
—
4,714
—
—
—
Mortars - -
—
—
■—
—
—
1,085
Brigadier-Genera! Dacres, (Signed) E. C. Warde,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea. Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
12 th May.
Last night the enemy made a powerful sortie upon our Left Attack. They were repulsed with great loss; not, however, before they had succeeded in forcing their way into No. VIII. Battery, from which our gunners, after having spiked four guns, were compelled to retire.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 12tli May 1855.
******
The enemy made two serious assaults upon Our most advanced parallel of the Right Attack on the night of the 9th ; but were on each occasion most nobly met, and repulsed with considerable loss. ******
They opened a powerful fire on our trenches on the following night, and exposed their columns to a heavy musketry fire from the troops on duty.
* * * * * *
Last night a very determined sortie was made upon the advance of our Left Attack. The enemy moved forward in two columns from the WoronzofF Road.
******
Owing to the great quantity of rain which has fallen during the last few days the service in the trenches has again been most arduous and severe upon our men, who deserve all praise for
their energy and untiring perseverance.
******
I have, &c.
- (Signed) Raglan.
13 th May.
Captain A. Gordon and Lieutenant J. E. Ward, Royal Artillery, arrived from England this day, and were attached to do duty with No. 7 Company, 5th Battalion, at the Right Attack.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
99
1 Ath May.
Lieutenant C. E. Scott, Royal Artillery, arrived from England, and joined No. 2. Company, 11th Battalion, at the Left Attack.
1 5th May.
Captain Milman’s Company, Royal Artillery (No. 5, 4th Battalion), arrived from England this day, and was posted to the Left Attack. The detail was as follows:—
1 Captain (Captain Milman).
2 Lieutenants (Lieutenants Vaughan and Lloyd).
9 Non-commissioned officers.
54 Gunners and drivers.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 67
Lord Raglan to Lord Paxmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 15th May 1855.
******
The fire lias been very slack, and that of the enemy has been directed towards the French
works rather than against the English trenches.
******
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
1 6th May.
A new battery, third parallel, Left Attack, was commenced for mortars on the left of No. VIII. Battery; and on the 19th May another battery was commenced on the right of No. VIII.
The casualties in the Naval Brigade from the 17th to the 23d May were:— Killed - Men - - -2
Wounded - Men - - - 7
Total - - 9
Chaplain the Rev. P. S. Robson, and five seamen, joined the Naval Brigade. Surgeon J. Bent, Royal Artillery, joined from V Field Battery, and took Medical charge of the Siege Train at the Right Attack.
Assistant-Surgeons W. Cockerell and W. Haughton, doing duty with the Siege Train at the Left Attack, posted, the former to V Field Battery, and the latter to W Field Battery.
Assistant-Surgeon Park, doing duty with the Siege Train at the Right Attack, posted to C Troop, Royal Horse Artillery.
N 2
TniRD Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.

100
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
21 st May.
The following joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Surgeon W. II. E. Smart.
Assistant-Surgeon E. Pearce.
23 d May.
An exchange of Companies, sanctioned by his Lordship the Commander of the Forces, as Master-General of the Ordnance, between Captain A. T. Wragge, of No. 4 Company, 6th Battalion, at the Right Attack, and Captain Arbuthnot, Royal Artillery, recently arrived from England in charge of a detachment. Captain Wragge embarked this day to join his Company, stationed at Corfu.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmttre.
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopool, 19tli May 1855.
******
For the last two days there has been hardly any firing on either side. Large convoys have come into Sebastopol from the Northern side; but there has been no movement of importance.
******
. I have, &tc.
- (Signed) Raglan.
Detail of Ordnance sent to the Trenches.
8th May to Left Attack 1 8-inch gun.
9
99
Right
99
3 8-inch guns.
14
99
Left
99
1 8-inch gun.
14
99
99
99
3 32-pounders.
14
99
Right
99
1 8-inch gun.
15
99
99
99
1
15
99
Left
99
1 65-cwt. gun.
15
99
99
99
3 32-pounders (56 cwt.)
16
99
99
99
5 32-pounders.
17
99
Right
99
2 13-inch mortars.
17
99
Left
99
1
17
99
99
99
3 32-pounders.
17
99
99
99
1 8-inch gun.
18
99
Right
99
1 13-inch mortar.
19
99
99
99
1
19
99
Left
99
1 „ (sea se
20
99
99
99
2 65-cwt. guns.
21
99
Right
99
1 13-incli mortar.
21
99
Left
99
4 65-cwt. guns.
23
99
99
Total
99
99
40 pieces.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
101
2 \th May.
No. XV. Mortar Battery, for three mortars, commenced on Right Attack. Two 32-pounders sent to Right Attack.
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Wounded - Gunners - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade:— - - - - - Nil.
25 th May.
A few shots were fired at working parties from the Right Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - 2
In the Naval Brigade :— ...... Nil.
Captain Hastings’ Company, No. 8, Gth Battalion, arrived from England, and was posted to the Left Attack. The detail was as follows:—
1 Captain (Captain Hastings).
2 Lieutenants (Lieuts. Taylor and Doyne).
11 Non-commissioned officers.
109 Gunners and drivers.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 124
A detachment of Captain Milman’s Company, No. 5 Company, 4th Battalion, under Captain Craufurd, also arrived; hut was not landed, being ordered to Kertch, with stores, &c., under the orders of Colonel Dickson, Royal Artillery. Its detail was as follows :—
1 Captain (Captain Craufurd).
2 Non-commissioned officers.
55 Gunners and drivers.
- 58
Total

102
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Third Period. April—June 1855.
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
Captain Campbell replaced Colonel Dickson in the command of the Sieje Train at the Right Attack.
Lieut.-Col. Francklyn arrived from England, and took command of the Lift Attack, with Captain Willoughby Wilson as Adjutant.
Captain Oldfield, Royal Artillery, was directed to assist as second in command of the Left Attack.
Lieut. Keene, who had been performing the duties of Adjutant of the Lift Attack, rejoined his Company in the Siege Train.
Lieut. C. F. Roberts, Royal Artillery, arrived from England this day, aid joined No. 1 Company, 12th Battalion, at the Right Attack.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 26th May 1855
******
Nothing of importance has occurred in the British trenches since I wrote to your Lod- ship on the 19th instant.
******
I have, &c. (Signed) Raglan
One 8-inch gun and carriage sent to Left Attack, as also one 10-imh mortar bed.
2 5th to 27 th May.
Nothing took place. No firing.
28 th May.
One 32-pounder and one 10-inch mortar sent to Left Attack.
Captain E. Snow, Royal Artillery, arrived from England this day, and ms attached to do duty with No. 7 Company, 12th Battalion, at the Left Attack
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - - 2
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men - - 1
Total
3

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
103
29 th May.
Captain Anson, Royal Artillery, joined his Company, No. 8, 6th Battalion, at the Left Attack.
A few shots were fired at the Malakoflf, Mamelon, and rifle-pits.
TniRD Period. April—June 1855.
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
Casiuilties
In the Royal Artillery :— ..... Nil.
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men - - 1
Return of Armament of Batteries.
Right Attack. 28t h May 1855.
Guns.
Mortars.
S3
d
0
5
>
No. of
05 0
Object
Remarks.
Battery.
s
a>
CO
O
2
0
<4-4 O
<4-1 O
43
O
.s
0
0
0
O
0*
00
£
O
P-4
Cl
a
0
0
p<
■4*
0
a
43 *
0
g
43
O
.5
43
O
a
*3
0
%'S
l*
&
I*
0
CO
Cl
00
E-i
y A
A
I.
1
1
_
—
_
—
—
_
2
2
—
Malakoff.
II.
—
—
—
—
—
1
1
—
2
—
2
III.
—
1
2
—
—
—
—
—
3
3
—
)>
IV.
—
1
4
—
1
—
—
—
6
6
—
»
V.
2
4
1
_
_
—
_
—
(
7
_
Redan and Barrack
2 Lancas-
VI.
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
2
—
2
»
ters.
VII.
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
2
—
2
VIII.
3
—
3
—
3
Malakoff.
IX.
—
—
—
—
8
—
—
—
8
—
8
Mamelon.
X.
—
—
—
—
—
3
—
—
3
—
3
f The whole of the
L front Attack.
XI.
(Tower and Mame-
0
0
O
1 Ion.
XII.
—
—
—
—
—
3
—
—
3
—
3
f Redan, Tower,
\ and Mamelon.
XIII.
—
—
—
—
3
—
—
—
4
4
—
Town and Malakoff.
XIV.
1
—
—
—
5
—
—
—
5
—
5
Barrack and Redan.
Total
4
7
I“T
i
—
17
12
6
—
53
22
31

Third Period. April—June 1855.
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
104
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Return of Armament of Batteries— continued . Left Attaci:.
Guns.
Mortars.
Guns
the
Guns
the
ry.
No. of
Battery.
10-inch.
68-pounders.
32-pounders. J
24-pounders.
8-inch.
13-inch.
10-inch.
J3
O
c
-4r>
O
Total.
© cJ
S g «
■si?
5 c i—i
A
Number ot
manned by Royal Artille
Object.
Remarks.
I.
2
—
5
—
4
—
—
—
ii
—
ii
f Barrack, Redan,
( and Tower.
II.
—
—
8
—
2
—
—
—
10
10
—
Barrack.
III.
—
—
6
—
—
—
—
—
6
6
—
Redan.
IV.
V.
i
—
6
—
2
—
—
—
9
9
—
f Flagstaff and Gar- \ den.
VI.
—
—
3
—
—
—
3
—
6
—
6
Creek.
VII.
—
—
6
—
—
—
—
—
6
—
6
Garden.
VIII.
—
—
8
—
2
—
—
—
10
—
10
f Barrack and Re- ( dan.
IX.
i
i
—
—
2
—
—
—
4
4
—
(Barrack and Gar- 4 den.
X.
7
7
( Redan and Bar-
( rack.
XI.
—
—
—
—
8
—
—
—
8
—
8
( Creek, Town, Barit rack, and Lower (_ Garden.
Right 1 Mortar /
—
—
—
—
—
6
—
—
6
—
6
f Barrack and Re- ( dan.
Centre ^ Mortar J
—
—
—
—
—
8
—
—
8
—
8
Ditto.
XII.
—
—
—
—
—
—
4
—
4
—
4
f Garden and Bar- | rack.
XIII.
—
—
—
—
—
—
4
—
4
—
4
( Creek, Town, and ( Barrack.
Total -
4
i
42
—
27
14
11
—
99
36
63
(Signed) E. C. Warde, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
105
Return of Guns in Position, and Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Camp before Sebastopol, 28th May 1855.
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Nature of Ordnance.
Number of Pieces.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Hounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Right
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-inch guns
.
4
4
8
471
552
68-pounders
-
7
1
8
742
912
8-inch
-
19
27
46
670
768
82-pouuders
-
7
42
49
684
1,151
13-inch mortars
-
12
14
26
288
355
10-
-
6
11
17
93
532
Total
-
55
99
154
—
1
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
30 th May.
Eight 13-inch shells thrown into the Tower and Mamelon.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Wounded - Gunners ------ 1
31^ May.
No firing. No casualties.
Lieut. Harward, of No. 6 Company, 11th Battalion, Right Attack, embarked for England.
ls^ June.
Continued supplying the Batteries with ammunition.
A few rounds were fired at the Barracks and Quarries (the latter hitherto described as the Rifle-pits in front of the Redan).
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners.- 1
One 13-inch mortar sent to Gordon’s Battery.
o

106
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.*
Third Period. April—June 1855.
Return of Guns in Position, and Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Camp before Sebastopol, 1st June 1855.
Preparations for Third Bombardment'
Nature of Ordnance.
Number of Pieces.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Toial
Numter of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Right
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-iuch gun
_
4
4
8
471
552
68-pounders
-
7
1
8
862
1,131
8-inch
-
19
27
46
177
772
32-pounders
-
7
42
49
773
1,465
13-inch mortars
-
12
14
26
324
414
10-
-
6
11
17
• 337
431
Total
-
55
99
154
—
—
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
2d June.
Seven 13-inch shells thrown into the Redan. No casualties.
One 13-inch mortar sent to Gordon’s Battery.
3d June.
Several shells thrown at the White Buildings and the Shipping behind the Malakoff, hut with little effect.
A few* carcasses were also fired with care and with low charges, but about three-fourths of them burst at the muzzle.
No casualties.
Lieut.-Colonel Warde, Commanding Siege Train, to Brigadier-General Dacres, Commanding Royal Artillery.
Camp before Sebastopol,
Sir, Siege Train Office, 8th June 1855.
With reference to the carcasses that were fired on the night of the 3d instant, I have the honour to report, that on examining some of the fragments

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
107
that have been found, it appears that the iron has been eaten into by the composition, and is in many cases perfectly honeycombed, which would fully account for their bursting at the muzzle, as the greater number of them did. The boxes were marked chiefly 1804 and 1811, and also marked as having been examined in 1854.
I have further to report, the only trial which it was possible to make previous to firing them was had recourse to. Some of each nature were burnt, and the composition was found to be in a perfect state, and two or three of them were fired and went well home.
The moment I saw that they were bursting as they did, I ordered the firing of them to be immediately discontinued.
The 8-inch carcasses of recent date have all done well, and we continue firing them with effect.
I have, &c.
(Signed) E. C. Warde, Lieut.-Colonel, R.A., Commanding Siege Train.
4 th June.
Shells were thrown at Dockyard Buildings and Fort Paul.
One 13-inch mortar was damaged by the explosion of a shell in the muzzle. The mortar was replaced at night.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men.2
Total - - 3
5 th June.
Firing as yesterday. No casualties.
Two 13-inch mortars to No. XV. Battery; two 10-inch mortars from No. VI.
Captain Alexander and Lieutenant Jull, with a detachment of about 50 men of the Royal Marine Artillery, who had been employed during the winter in the Batteries in Balaklava Lines, volunteered their services for the Batteries
o 2
Tiiikd Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.

108
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Preparations for Third Bombardment.
Third
Bombardment.
against Sebastopol; which being accepted, they were posted to the Right Attack, and joined this day ; they were afterwards removed to the Left Attack.
Lieutenant J. L. Clarke, lloyal Artillery (No. 4 Company, ’2d Battalionj, Left Attack, embarked for England.
THIRD BOMBARDMENT.
(]th June.
The immediate object in opening fire on this occasion was to reduce the fire of the place preparatory to the capture of the Mamelon, of the White Works which supported that work, and of the Quarries in front of the Redan.
The whole of the fire of the right of our Right Attack was to he directed on the Mamelon and Malakoff, whilst the left of the Right and the Left Attack engaged the Redan, Barrack Battery, &c.
About 2.30 p.m. on the afternoon of the 6th June began the Third Bombardment of Sebastopol, under the most favourable auspices. Instead of the enemy’s works being shrouded by the rain and mist of April, they now stood out bold and clear against the bright cloudless sky of the summer afternoon.
The increased weight of metal of our guns, the increased number of mortars, and the abundant stock of ammunition in the Batteries, all promised important results.
The first discharge from our Batteries told with tremendous effect upon the Russian works, the guns of which vigorously replied, but not with the same weight.
The French Batteries to the right towards Inkermann opened upon the Mamelon, Malakoff, and White Works a heavy fire.
On the Left the French fire was feeble and ill sustained, thereby throwing a heavier share on the Batteries of our Left Attack.
By half-past 4 o’clock the enemy’s works showed the effects of our fire; the Mamelon and Malakoff were scarcely able to reply to the fire of shells thrown in with the most perfect accuracy from our mortars, and the well-directed fire of the heavily-armed Naval Batteries of the Right Attack.
The Batteries of the Left Attack directed their fire with effect on the Redan, and Wall, and the Barrack Batteries.
Our casualties were considerable, owing to an explosion of a shell in No. XIY. Battery, by which Captain M. Adye and four or five men of the Royal Artillery were severely wounded.
Captain Alex. Gordon was slightly wounded.
,)

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
109
Third Period.
Casualties. April—June
1855 .
In the Royal Artillery :— x
Right Attack—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 4 Bombardment.
Wounded - Officers (Captains M. Adye and
A. Gordon) - - - - 2
„ Non-commissioned officers and men 11 Left Attack.—Wounded - ,, 3
Total - - 20
In the Naval Brigade : —
Killed - Men - - - 2
Wounded - ,, - - - - 15
Total - - 17
Grand Total - - .37
Ordnance , Sfc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32 -pounder gun and carriage disabled.
1 10-inch gun disabled.
1 8-inch gun disabled and two carriages.
Left Attack.—1 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
The fire from our guns ceased at dusk, but the mortar fire was kept up briskly all night.
The gunners, with large parties of the Line, were employed on fatigue refilling the magazines.
1th June.
The fire commenced again at daylight; the Russians, having as usual repaired a great deal of the damage of the day before, replied for some time from the Redan and Barrack Batteries with considerable vigour; but the Malakoff and Mamelon were again early in difficulties. To them our attention was particularly directed, especially to the latter.
About half-past 10 o’clock a shell from the Russians exploded a magazine in No. IX. Battery, Right Attack, the Battery in which an explosion had taken place in April. It so happened that Captain Dixon was again on duty in the Battery. Fortunately little damage was done, though the Russians testified their satisfaction by loud cheers.
The attack on the Russian outworks from the Quarries in front of the Redan, on the Mamelon, and on the White Works was arranged for this

Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Third
Bombardment.
110 SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
evening. The attack was to be preceded and supported by a powerful fire of artillery.
The fire, which had been regular throughout the day (keeping a superiority on most points over that of the enemy), was to increase as the afternoon advanced to the hour of assault, and to be chiefly directed on the Itedan, Malakoff, and Mamelon.
The mortars of the Right Attack Batteries, Nos. X. and XI., and on right of first parallel, No. I., which bore upon both the Mamelon and the Malakoff, were to be turned on the Mamelon, pouring into it as heavy a fire as possible until the French should crown it, when, as rapidly as could be, they were to be turned upon the Malakoff.
The fire of the guns bearing On the above works was to be continued as usual, but immediately to be concentrated on the Malakoff when the French got possession of its outwork.
The rest of the guns and mortars of the Right Attack were to play on the Redan, with the exception of No. XY. Battery, whose mortars were to be used against the Barrack, and the three right guns of No. IX., which were to sweep the line of communication between the Mamelon and Malakoff, both to destroy the retreating Russians and to assist in preventing any attempt to retake the Mamelon.
The attention of those Batteries of the Left Attack which were able to fire upon the Redan was to be devoted exclusively to that work, and they were to keep up a heavy fire after the British were established in the Quarries.
Nos. VII. and VIII. advanced Batteries were to be opened.
On the right of No. VIII. were three 8-inch guns so placed that they could rake the Quarries and sweep the ground between that work and the Redan, over which supports for the succour of the Quarries would have to move.
The mortars were to be directed chiefly on the Barrack and Redan.
At 6 o’clock, as the French and British troops formed in the trenches for the attack, the fire burst forth from our Batteries Avith crushing effect, and was sustained with a wonderful vigour and accuracy.
Its effect upon the Mamelon was overwhelming. This Avork has been Avell described as at this time resembling the crater of a volcano—fire, smoke, dust, and stones being vomited from its interior, caused by the continued explosion of the shells.
At 6.30 the French advanced to and took possession of the Mamelon. Our mortars and guns Avere at once turned on the Malakoff, the three guns from No. IX. doing execution Avith Shrapnel against the retreating Russians.
The French advancing toAvards the Malakoff Avere driven back, and the Mamelon Avas retaken. Upon that Avork our fire Avas at once again turned. After a short time the French again advanced and re-occupied the Mamelon; our fire Avas then continued heavily upon the Malakoff till dusk.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
Ill
A few minutes after the French had attacked the Mamelon, the British Third Pmnot). advanced and at once took possession of the Quarries and Russian trench leading to the Karabelnaia Ravine.
To describe the intense fury of the cannonade by which these operations Bombardment, were supported would be impossible; it was the admiration of every one.
The sailors and gunners, rivalling each other in their exertions, worked the heavy guns and mortars with almost incredible rapidity.
The effect of our fire upon the Redan was frightful to witness. The Russians, evidently expecting an attack upon that work, had brought all their men from their caves and hiding places, and massed them together in it. As one looked at the work from the Left Attack, the rays of the setting sun lighting up the mass of troops, the shells could be seen plunging and cutting gaps in the ranks, blowing the bodies of their victims into the air.
Perhaps such an artillery fire was never before seen. For the hour that it lasted, it was the heaviest during the Siege.
The Batteries of the left of the Left Attack again suffered severely from not receiving the expected support of the French on the left against the Town and Garden Batteries.
Our loss of this evening was the most severe during the Siege.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :— -
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 5
Wounded - „ ,, 10
Left'Attack.—Killed - „ „ 2
Wounded - Officers (Lieut. Ruck-Keene) - 1
Non-commissioned officers and men 29
Total - - 47
In the Naval Brigade:—
Killed - Men 7
Wounded - Officers (Mr. J. E. Hunter, Mate)- 1 Men.32
Total - - 40
Grand Total - - 87

112
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Third Period. April—J uue 1855 .
Third
Bombardment.
Ordnance, Sj-c. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
Left Attack.—1 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
36 seamen joined the Naval Brigade this day.
8 th June.
The mortars had kept up a heavy fire during the night. The guns opened at daylight.
A tolerably heavy fire was continued throughout the day.
The French establishing themselves and preparing batteries in the Mamelon.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Wounded - ,, ,, 2
Left Attack. — Killed „ „ 1
Wounded - ,, ,, 6
Total 10
In the Naval Brigade:—
Killed - Men ------ 1
Wounded - Officers (Lieutenants Gough and
Oldfield) - . 2
Men.6
Total - - 9
Grand Total - - 19
Ordnance , Sfc. disabled.
Left Attack.—1 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
9 th June.
We opened with heavy firing, and continued all the morning.
A truce for the burial of the dead in the late affair took place to-day, and lasted from 1 till 6 o’clock. Immediately when the white flag was lowered both sides opened fire again. The Russians had made good use of their time,

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
113
as certainly there were more guns mounted on the Malakoff, and perhaps in Third period. the Redan, than at 1 o’clock. Apni-June
A heavy mortar fire was kept up all night.
1855 .
Third
BombardmeDt.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men
Wounded - „ ,,
heft Attack. — Killed - „ „
Wounded - „ ,,
Wounded - Officers (Lieut. Conolly)
1
1
1
6
1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded
Total
Officers (Lieut. Mitchell) Men -
10
1
8
Total 9
Grand Total - - 19
Ordnance, §c. disabled.
Right Attack.— 1 10-inch mortar injured by firing.
1 32-pounder gun carriage disabled-.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 9th June 1855.
I have the great satisfaction of informing your Lordship that the assault which was made upon the Quarries in front of the Redan, from our advanced parallel in the Right Attack, on the evening of the 7tli instant, was attended with perfect success ; and the brave men who achieved this advantage, with a gallantry and determination that does them infinite honour, maintained themselves on the ground they had acquired, notwithstanding that during the night, and in the morning of yesterday, the enemy made repeated attempts to drive them out, each attempt ending in failure, although supported by large bodies of troops, and by heavy discharges of musketry, and every species of offensive missile.
The French on our right had shortly before moved out of their trenches and attacked the Ouvrages Blancs and the Mamelon. These they carried without the smallest check, and their leading column rushed forward and approached the Malakoff Tower ; but this it had not been in contemplation to assail, and the troops were brought back and finally established in the enemy’s works, from which the latter did not succeed in expelling them, though the fire of musketry and cannon which was brought to bear upon them was tremendous.
******
I apprized your lordship by telegraph on the 6th that our Batteries re-opened that afternoon.
P

114
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Tiubi> Pehiod. April—June 1855 .
Third
Bombardment.
The lire was kept up with the greatest energy until the day closed, when it was confined to vertical fire ; but the next morning the guns resumed the work of destruction, and the effect was such that it was determined by General Pelissier and myself that the time had arrived for pushing our operations forward.
Accordingly, soon after six o’clock on the evening of the 7tli, the signal was given for the assault of the works I have enumerated, and the result was most triumphant.
# * * # * *
The exertions of the Eoyal Artillery, under Brigadier-General Dacres, and those of the Naval Brigade, under Captain Lushington, E.N., in serving the guns, cannot be too warmly commended. The accuracy of their fire is the theme of universal admiration ; and the constancy with which they applied themselves to their arduous duties under all circumstances, however dangerous, cannot be too strongly placed upon record.
« * * * * *
I have just learnt that the enemy have abandoned a work in the rear of the Ouyrages Blancs ■which they constructed at the commencement of the month of May. The French took possession of it on the 7th, but did not retain it.
In the other works they captured 62 pieces of artillery, and tliey have 14 officers and about 400 men prisoners.
* * * . * * *
I have, &e. (Signed) Eagi.an.
1 Oth June.
The continued firing on the Malakoff and Redan had somewhat damaged those works, which now seldom fired more than a few shots at long intervals. The mortar fire continued at night.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men - 2
Wounded - „ „ -2
Left Attack. — Killed „ „ 3
Wounded- ,, ,, - 7
Total - - 14
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men ------ 2
Wounded - Officers (Assistant-Surgeon Irwin) - 1
Men - - - - - - 7
Total - - 10
Grand Total 24

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
115
Ordnance , fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder and carriage disabled.
Left Attack. — 1 10-inch gun destroyed.
On the Left the French, quite unexpectedly to us, about 5 p.m. opened a very heavy fire from all their batteries, which was replied to by the Russians. Our Left Attack increased its fire to support the French.
The Russians fired heavily.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day— ^
Lieut. S. W. H. Thompson.
Thibd Period. April—June 1855 .
Third
Bombardment.
11 th June.
The bombardment was ordered to cease.
About a dozen shots were fired from the Right and 40 from the Left.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men - 3
In the Naval Brigade - - - - -- -- - Nil.
No. XVII. Battery, which afterwards played so conspicuous a part, was commenced to-night in the Quarries; it was for guns to fire down the Karabelnaia suburb.
No. XVI. Battery was armed with four 8-inch mortars; no platforms were laid for these mortars, nor indeed was any battery regularly formed ; the soft rock was levelled to receive them, and off this they were fired almost without ceasing until the end of the Siege.
The total casualties during the Third Bombardment were—
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men - 13 Wounded- Officers - - 2
,, Non-commissioned officers and men - 20 Left Attack. — Killed - ,, ,, -7
Wounded- Officers ------ 2
,, - Non-commissioned officers and men - 51
In the Naval Brigade:— Total - - 104
Killed - Men.12
Wounded - Officers.5
Men.- 68
Total - - 85
Grand Total
189

Third Period. April—June 1855 .
Third
Bombardment.
Foriffii Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
116 SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Ordnance , fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 10-inch gun disabled.
1 8-inch gun disabled.
2 32-pounders disabled.
1 10-inch mortar injured by firing.
3 8-inch gun carriages disabled.
3 32-pounder gun carriages disabled. ^ Left Attack. — 1 10-inch gun destroyed.
3 8-inch gun carriages disabled.
FOURTH PERIOD OF TIIE SIEGE.
June — Sept. 1855.
A council of war determined that no further attack should be made on the Town until the French should have established their Batteries in the Mamelon, an operation which would require some days.
We commenced replenishing our Batteries, and replacing disabled ordnance.
Increased assistance was demanded and obtained from the railway, which occasionally gave us as many as 40 waggons per diem.
The Field Batteries were largely drawn upon for horses to bring the materiel to the trenches.
12th June.
Only three shots fired at the Town and 75 at the Redan from the Right Attack.
A pretty smart fire of 13-inch shells was kept up by our Left Attack on the Redan, which somewhat annoyed our working parties in the Quarries.
No casualties.
Four 8-inch mortars were sent to the advanced trench, Left Attack. They were never used.
An exchange of Companies sanctioned between 2d Captain J. Boulton, of No. 4 Company, 6th Battalion, Right Attack, and 2d Captain W. I. Williams, who had arrived in charge of a detachment on the 11th May.
Captain Boulton embarked this day to join his Company, stationed at Corfu.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Assistant-Surgeon G. F. A. Drew.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
117
Lord Raglan to Lord Paxmure.
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 12tli June 1855.
* # * * *
Nothing material has occurred here since I had the honour of addressing your Lordship on the 9th instant ; both our Allies and ourselves are taking advantage of our success to push forward our advances, and erect new Batteries on the ground which was gained upon that glorious occasion, and I hope I shall soon be able to report further progress.
* * * * * *
I have, he.
(Signed) Raglan.
Fourth Period. June—Sept.
1855 .
ISth June.
A very few shots were fired from the Right; not many from the Left.
Enemy very quiet.
Some carcasses were thrown from the Left Attack with good effect into the Town from No. XI. Battery.
Casualties.
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men ------ 1
n
Three 32-pounders (42 cwt.) on travelling carriages were safely got into the Battery in the Quarries, No. XVII., without any casualty; which, considering the proximity of the Redan and an annoying rifle fire, was very fortunate.
Four 8-inch mortars and beds were sent to the Left Attack.
14 th June.
A 10-inch mortar burst in Left Attack. No casualties.
Ordnance , §c. disabled.
One 8-inch gun carriage disabled.
1 5th June.
Very few shots fired. Enemy quiet.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners ------ 1
1 Qth June.
Two more 8-inch mortars sent to Left Attack. Enemy quiet. Few shots fired. No casualties.
Orders were sent from Head Quarters to Colonel Warde to open all the Batteries at davlight.
Lieut. J. Sinclair, of No. 7 Company, 11th Battalion, Right Attack, embarked for England yesterday, having sufficiently recovered from his wounds to be able to do so.
Colonel Dickson, Royal Artillery, returned from Kertch, and took command of the Right Attack.

118
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth
Period.
June—Sept ’
1855.
Lord Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord,
*
*
Before Sebastopol, 16tli June 1855. * * # *
Tiie progress of the works against Sebastopol since I reported to your Lordship on the 12tli, has been perfectly satisfactory ; and new Batteries are completed which will enable the English and French Armies to resume the offensive with the utmost vigour.
***»*♦
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
Return of Ammunition Expended against Sebastopol from 6tli to 14th June 1855.
Nature of Ordnance.
No. of Bounds.
10-inch gun - -
1,142
8- „ -
12,300
32-pounder gun
5,627
13-inch mortars ...
8,271
10- „
5,543
Total
32,883
-
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) E. C. Warde, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
119
Return of Guns in Position, and Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Camp, 16th June 1855.
Number of Pieces.
Number of Hounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Hounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Nature of Guns.
liight
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-inch gun
4
4
8
195
195
68-pounder gun
-
hr
f
1
8
237
577
8-inch gun
-
19
27
46
346
476
32-pounder gun
-
7
42
49
397
1,601
13-inch mortars -
-
15
15
30
172
172
10- „ - -
-
6
11
17
78
125
8-
-
4
4
8
230
542
Total
-
62
104 -
166
ft
—
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) E. C. Waiide, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
FOURTH BOMBARDMENT.
Ytth June.
At daylight this morning for the Fourth time our Batteries opened upon the defences of Sebastopol.
Our efforts were chiefly to be directed to the Redan and its flanking works, still giving the French powerful aid with the mortars of the Right Attack against the Tower.
The Russians replied from the Malakoff and Redan with a steady fire. The French Battery of the Mamelon, assisted by our mortars, told with great effect against the former work, which was silenced by 9 o’clock, sending only an occasional shot during the rest of the day. «
1 he Redan soon ceased to fire with any vigour ; but caused a considerable number of casualties in the Quarries by its fire from Coehorns and showers of hand grenades.
Foikth Pekiod. June—Sept 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.

120
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
FOURTH
Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
The Garden and Town batteries were as usual very troublesome to the Left Attack, but Nos. ATI. and VIII. advanced batteries continued in action throughout the day.
The Redan presented a very broken and damaged appearance; it was evident that oui" fire was powerful enough to subdue that of this work each day, but the disabled ordnance was each night replaced.
Casualties.
In the lloyal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men - 2
Wounded- Officers (Capt. Arbuthnot and Lieut.
Tillard).2
,, - Non-commissioned officers and men - 4
Left Attack. — Wounded- „ ,, - 13
Total - - 21
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men.1
Wounded - Officers (Mr. Dupuis, Midshipman) - 1
,, Men ----- - 13
Total - - 15
Grand Total - - 33
Ordnance , §c. disabled.
.Right Attack.—Belt of 13-inch mortar damaged.
Left Attack. — 1 8-inch gun split in muzzle.
1 68-pounder burst.
1 32-pounder carriage axletree arm broken.
The night passed without anything remarkable occurring, a heavy fire being kept up on the place from the mortars, which it was ordered should be increased as the morning approached, and at daylight all the guns were to join in the bombardment.
Counter orders were received during the night, the assault having been arranged to be given before daylight.
Volunteers were called for from the Siege Train Companies to furnish a spiking party to each of the Divisions of Assault.
The party of Volunteers,*30 in number, from the Companies of the Right Attack, was under the charge of Captain Williams and Lieutenant Ward (Volunteers).

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
121
The Volunteers from the Left Attack were under Lieut. Taylor, hut were not employed.
Captain Williams was directed to put himself in communication with Sir George Brown for orders.
General Codrington requested to be supplied with a certain number of spikes, which he distributed amongst the officers to be engaged in the assault.
Fourth , Period.
. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
18^ June.
The signal for the British assault was to be two rockets fired from the Right Attack on the left of No. VIII. Battery, upon the epaulment of which a flagstaff had been erected on which a union-jack was to be hoisted.
The French signal was to be a bouquet fired from the Lancaster Battery, where General Pelissier was to be stationed.
Before 3 o’clock, a.m., Lord Raglan, accompanied by the Head Quarters Staff, Generals Dacres and Jones, Commanding the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers, and their respective Staffs, the Commanding Officer of the Siege Train (Colonel Warde), and Captain Lushington, Royal Navy, &c., assembled at the signal post. In a few minutes the Trench attack on the Malakoff could be seen ; but, owing to the darkness, the extent of its success could not be observed.
Orders were sent to all our Batteries to cease firing on the Redan. They had already ceased upon the Malakoff.
At 3.15 General Sir G. Brown, who had the direction of the assault, directed Captain Reilly, the Brigade-Major of the Siege Train, to fire the signal rockets; at the same time the flag was hoisted by Lieut. Maxse. Royal Navy, Aide-de-Camp to Lord Raglan.
The troops advanced against the Redan, and failed.
The ladders were carried by the sailors of the Royal Navy under Captain Peel (wounded), and Lieut. Dalyell (who lost his arm).
The spiking party under Captain Williams and Lieut. Ward left the trenches, and lost 11 men killed and wounded. These two officers rendered themselves conspicuous by their gallantry.
By half past 3 o’clock it had become apparent that the French had also failed in their attack on the Malakoff.
All our Batteries were directed to resume their fire as heavily as possible.
Q

122
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
No. VIII. Battery of the Right Attack opened with Shrapnel shell with Boxer’s fuzes, at the Malakoff, upon the parapets of which masses of men were standing firing at the French.
The shells hurst most accurately, but with no apparent effect; the Russians stood their ground. Colonel Dickson directed round shot to be used, which ploughing through their ranks after a few rounds cleared the parapets.
A very heavy fire had been directed against this (No. VIII.) Battery from the moment the signal flag had been hoisted ; several casualties occurred, and Lord Raglan was advised to shift his position to the right of the 1st parallel, where he could command a view of the line of attack in comparative safety.
About half past 7 o’clock the attack having been abandoned, our fire was slackened.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men
Wounded ,, ,,
„ Officers (Capt. Williams)
Left Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men
5
14
1
2
In the Naval Brigade :— Killed
99
Wounded -
Total
Officers (Lieut. Kidd)
Men -
Officers (Captain Peel, Lieutenant Urmston, Cave, and Dalyell, G. Parsons, Mate, and H. Wood, Midshipman)
Men -
- 1
- 15
► 5
- 35
Total - - 56
Grand Total - - 78
Joined the Naval Brigade yesterday—
Lieutenant (Acting) G. J. Bosanquet.
1 9th June.
The bombardment was ordered to cease.
Very little firing on either side.
One man wounded belonging to the Naval Brigade.
A truce for the burial of the dead during the afternoon.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
123
Casualties.
The total casualties during the bombardment ending 19th June were— In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 7
Wounded - Officers - - - - 3
,, Non-commissioned officers and men 18
Left Attack. —Wounded - „ 15
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Total 43
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Officers - - - - 1
„ Men - - - 16
Wounded - Officers - - - - 7
,, - Men - - - 49
Total - - 73
Grand Total - - 116
Ordnance, Sfc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 13-inch mortar injured.
1 8-ineh gun split in muzzle.
1 68-pounder, in charge of Naval Brigade, burst. 1 32-pounder carriage axletree arm broken.
Captain Lushington, R.N., to Sir Edmund Lyons.
Camp, Naval Brigade,
Sir, 18th June 1855.
I have the honour to report that on Sunday at 3 a.m. we opened fire as before on the different forts of Sebastopol, which was very soon returned, but not with the spirit or skill that usually characterizes the enemy’s fire. Towards 2 p.m. the fire became very slack, and their batteries appeared much shaken.
The fire continued all day; and the Commander of the Forces having intimated to me his acceptance of my proposal to carry the ladders in case of an assault being made on the Town and Batteries, I told off four parties of 60 men each to accompany the four columns ordered for this service; and
Q 2

124 ?
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Captain Peel having volunteered his services on this occasion, I placed them under his command, and I beg to enclose a list of the officers under him.
I regret to say that the assault, which took place at 3 a.m., was not successful; hut our severe loss shows too plainly that the seamen and officers of the Naval Brigade did their duty most gallantly, and their ladders were at their places in spite of the most murderous fire I have witnessed.
Captain Peel led one party in the most gallant style, and Lieutenant Cave led the other. The other two columns did not advance, and consequently the ladder parties, although exposed to a severe fire, as indeed was every one, did not suffer much.
Captain Peel was shot through the arm, hut was enabled to continue his duty until the affair was over.
I have to regret as well that Lieutenants Urmston, Cave, and Dal yell, Messrs. Parsons, Mate, and Wood, Midshipman, were all wounded.
Lieutenant Kidd and nine seamen were killed, and 41 seamen wounded, and one missing ; these men, I trust, will he got in to-night after dark.
The party under Lieutenant Cave, with the loss of Lieutenant Kidd and five seamen killed, Lieutenant Cave and seven men wounded, equally performed the duty assigned.
A very heavy fire was kept up from our Batteries with admirable precision until the Commander-in-Chief ordered it to he slackened.
I have also to report the bursting of one of the 9-5 cwt., 68-pounders, which caused the death of four men, and wounded three.
The enemy’s line-of-battle ships did not fire, hut the steamers did. ******
Every officer and man engaged in this arduous service has done his duty most gallantly ; and I only await your permission to recommend those whose conduct I have particularly noticed.
I have, &c.
(Signed) Stephen Lusiiington.
A List of the Officers attached to the Scaling Ladder Parties on the 18th June 1855 :—
Captain William Peel, in command, severely wounded.
Mr. H. E. Wood, Midshipman, A.D.C., severely wounded. Mr. E. St. J. Daniells, Midshipman.
m

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
125
No. 1 Party.
Lieut. Urmston, severely wounded.
Lieut. Dalyell, severely wounded.
Mr. Parsons, Mate, severely wounded.
No. 2 Party.
Lieut. Hardinge.
Lieut. Thompson,
Mr. Barnett, Acting Mate.
No. 3 Party.
Lieut. Cave, severely wounded.
Lieut. Kidd, killed.
Mr. Kennedy, Mate.
No. 4 Party.
Lieut. D’Aeth.
Lieut. Raby.
Mr. Armstrong, Acting Mate.
(Signed) Stephen Lushington, Captain,
Commanding Naval Brigade.
Lord Raglan to Lord Paxmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 19tli June 185o.
1 informed your Lordship on the lfith that new Batteries had been completed, and that in consequence, the Allies would be enabled to resume the offensive against Sebastopol with the utmost vigour.
Accordingly, on the 17th at daylight, a very heavy tire was opened from all the Batteries in the English and French trenches, and maintained throughout the day ; and the effect produced appeared so satisfactory, that it was determined that the French should attack the Malakoff works the next morning, and that the English should assail the Redan as soon after as I might consider it desirable.
It was at first proposed that the Artillery fire should be resinned on the morning of the 18tl>, and should be kept up for about two hours, for the purpose of destroying any works the enemy might have thrown up in the night, and of opening passages through the abbatis that covered the Redan ; but on the evening of the 17th it was intimated to me by General Pelissier that he had determined, upon further consideration, that the attack by his troops should take place at. three the following morning.
The French, therefore, commenced their operations as day broke ; and as their several columns came within range of the enemy’s fire they encountered the most serious opposition, both from musketry and the guns in the works which had been silenced -the previous evening ; and, observing this, I was induced at once to order our columns to move out of the trenches upon the Redan.
It had been arranged that detachments from the Light, Second and Fourth Divisions, which I placed for the occasion under the command of Lieut.-General Sir G. Brown, should be formed into three columns ; that the right one should attack the left face of the Redan, between the flanking batteries ; that the centre should advance upon the salient angle ; and that the left should move upon the re-entering angle formed by the right face and flank of the work ; the first and last preceding the centre column.
Fourth
Period.
J one—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment

126
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment
The flank columns at once obeyed the signal to advance, preceded by covering parties of the Rifle Brigade and by sailors carrying ladders and soldiers carrying wool-bags ; but they had no sooner shown themselves beyond the trenches than they were assailed by a most murderous fire of grape and musketry. Those in advance were either killed or wounded, and the remainder found it impossible to proceed. I never before witnessed such a continued and heavy fire of grape combined with musketry from the enemy’s works, which appeared to be fully manned; and the long list of killed and wounded in the Light and Fourth Divisions, and the seamen of the Naval Brigade, under Captain Peel, who was unfortunately wounded, though not severely, will show that a very large proportion of those that went forward fell.
* * * # * *
The superiority of our fire on the day we opened, led both General Pelissier and myself, and the officers of the Artillery and Engineers of the two services, and the Armies in general, to conclude that the Russian artillery fire was, in a great measure, subdued, and that the operation we projected could be undertaken with every prospect of success. The result has shown that the resources of the enemy were not exhausted, and that they had still the power, either from their ships or from their batteries, to bring an overwhelming fire upon their assailants.
*#■**#*
I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
Return of Guns in Position and Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Camp, 19th June 1855.
Nature of Guns.
Number of Pieces.
Number of Hounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Bounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Bigbt
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-inch gun
4
4
8
75
75
68-pounder gun
-
7
1
8
117
357
8-inch gun
-
19
27
46
166
296
32-pounder gun
-
7
42
49
107
1,401
13-inch mortar
-
15
15
30
98
104
10-
-
6
11
17
25
55
8-
-
4
4
8
150
362
Total
-
62
104
166
—
—
ffl
Brigadier General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) E. C. Warde, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
127
Return of Ammunition Expended against Sebastopou from 17th to 19th June 1855.
Camp, 20th June 1855.
Nature of Guns.
No. of Bounds fired.
10-inch gun - - -
1,706
68-pounder gun - - (
1,350
8-inch gun - - - .
6,712
32-pounder gun
9,746
13-inch mortar
2,286
10- „ - -
884
8- „ - -
—
Total
22,684
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) E. C. Warde, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
A few shots fired.
Three 10-inch mortars sent to Left Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Men - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade:— .... . Nil.
Hist June.
No firing on the Right. No casualties.
H2,d June.
Captain Dashwood Jones attached to do duty with No. 8 Company, 11th Battalion.
No XVIII. Battery, Right Attack, for seven 13-inch mortars, commenced. No casualties.

128
. SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
I’OUllTIl 1 ’eiuod. June—Sept. 1855.
Fourth
Bombardment.
23 d June.
No. XV. Mortar Battery, Left Attack, commenced.
Lieut. J. Lyons, 7th Company, 11th Battalion, Right Attack, embarked this day for England, on appointment to the Royal Horse Artillery.
The undermentioned joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Assistant Engineer J. W. J. Stuttaford.
„ Thomas Langley.
„ James Connor.
„ G. Batchelor.
„ John Moysey.
„ W. J. Baird.
„ John Potter.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack—Wounded - Men - - ■ 1
In the Naval Brigade :— ------ Nil.
Loud Raglan to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 23d June 1855.
******
I must not omit to mention tlie following officers of the Royal Navy who particularly distinguished themselves on the 18 th :—Captain Peel, who commanded the whole of the sailors employed, and is severely wounded ; Messrs. Wood (severely wounded) and Daniel, who have been through the whole Siege ; Lieuts. Urmston and Dalyell, who are both severely wounded ; and Mr. Parsons, Mate, who is wounded ; Lieuts. Cave and Kidd, both wounded, the latter mortally ; and Mr. Kennedy, Mate.
******
„ I have, &c.
(Signed) Raglan.
2 \th June.
No. XIX. Battery, Right Attack, for two mortars, commenced. No casualties.
2 5th June.
No casualties.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
129
26th June. Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Killed - In the Naval Brigade :— ...
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
1 Fourth
I Bombardment.
Nil.
27 th June.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Commander L. N. Hammett.
28//t, 2 9th June.
No casualties.
30 th June.
No. XVI. Battery, Left Attack, for six guns, commenced.
One 8-inch Lancaster gun 50 cwt. lent to the French.*
Lieut. E. Owen, No. 1 Company, 12th Battalion, Right Attack, posted to the Ammunition Brigade of the 1st Division, on promotion.
Assistant-Surgeon R. Webb, R.A., arrived from England, and posted to do duty with the Siege Train at the Left Attack.
Lieut.-General Simpson to Loud 1’anmuke.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 30th June 1855.
*■ * *- *■ * *
As regards the progress of the Siege, there is no great operation yet determined upon; but we are employed in repairing and improving our works, to be in readiness to co-operate with the French when their approaches towards the Malakoff shall be completed.
•* * * *- * *•
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
Lieut.-General Commanding.
ls£ to 5th July.
During this period nothing worthy of remark occurred.
Large parties of Infantry assisted the men of the Royal Artillery and Naval Brigade in carrying ammunition to the Batteries.
On the 4th July, No. 2 gun (6S-pounder) of Gordon’s Battery (No. I., Right Attack), which had been in use throughout almost the entire Siege, hurst when being tired at the Shipping at an angle of 11 degrees. None of the gun’s crew (Naval Brigade) were injured.
* This gun -was returned at the end of the Siege, without having been used. The French Artillery had requested a report on the Lancaster guns, and as the report was unsatisfactory, they declined using them.
R

130
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Three men of the Naval Brigade were wounded on the 4th July.
Mr. S. H. Davis, Midshipman, joined the Naval Brigade on the 3d July.
On the 5th July the following Confidential Memorandum was circulated respecting the defence of the trenches :—
Confidential Memo.
Head Quarters before Sebastopol, 5tli July 1855.
The troops in the trenches, Eight Attack, should be so posted as to be able in the event of an enemy making a sortie with a large body of troops, successfully to repulse him on whichever point he may direct his attack, which in all probability would be on one or both flanks ; under that supposition, the guards of the trenches should be proportioned accordingly, and the greater number stationed at the right flank, this being the most exposed or most open to attack.
The officer commanding on this flank should have his attention directed to the support which he is to afford the left flank of the French troops should the enemy move in force against the Mamelon or attempt to move round to its rear by the Ravine ; if attacked on his own front he must resist every attempt the enemy may make to force in ; and if he should try to push through by the centre, the officer commanding will cause his posts stationed in that part to fall back upon him at the small knoll in front of No. VIII. mortar Battery, showing a front facing to the centre, and bearing upon the left flank of the enemy, leaving his front to be opposed by the men stationed in the 3rd parallel and the Batteries in its rear.
The Left of our Attack may expect to be assailed at the same time that the Right may find itself engaged with tlio enemy. Any large bodies of men attacking the Left advance will move out by the left flank of the Redan, and move along the glacis so as to get into the rear of our advanced work. As there are several lines of intrencliments here, the guard of the trenches should be so stationed that the men in the rear work will be able and ready to fire upon the enemy should he have forced the line in their front. It being of very great importance that the enemy should not gain even temporary possession of any of these works, they must therefore be defended to the uttermost. Should the enemy attempt to push in by the centre, the men stationed in the trenches on the right of the advance should retire upon the Quarries, showing a front to the enemy’s right flank.
It is considered that if these instructions are strictly complied with, and officers of all ranks have their duties previously clearly explained to them, the enemy will meet with such a powerful fire on both flanks as will prevent them forcing the centre.
The 3d parallel is to be manned in such parts only as the Commanding Officer may consider necessary, taking care not to place any men in front of the Artillery in Batteries IX., XIII., XIV., and XVII.
It will be necessary that the General Officer should explain to the officers of the Royal Artillery stationed in these Batteries what his arrangements for defence are to be, and to make the necessary regulations about firing.
The General Officer on duty to make himself acquainted where the French advanced posts are stationed ; this should be communicated to the officer commanding in the Right advance, and also to the officer of the Royal Artillery, in order that no mistakes may occur.
Artillery.
The guns in eveiy Battery which can play upon the ground between the salient angle of the Redan and Mnlakoff Tower should before sunset be laid upon some particular point or object, loaded and ready to tire the instant an alarm takes place, or according to the orders the General Officer may have given to him, by a brisk, well-sustained, and well-directed fire.
Battery XVII. will be a very important one to fire upon any column or body of troops moving in front of the Malakoff, also advancing against the Mamelon.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
131
The Artillery on the Left Attack must also he prepared to fire smartly upon the glacis of the right face of the Redan should the enemy move out in that direction.
The advanced parallel should every night have good marksmen stationed in it, and officers in command of them should have full directions what they are to do ; those in the right of the parallel to take care and observe well before dusk the direction of the advanced works of the Right Attack, so that nothing may take place to injure or annoy the men stationed in those works.
The General Officer on duty in the Left Attack should pay particular attention to his advance, taking care that his orders are strictly and fully attended to by the officers stationed there.
What is required is, that a steady and well-directed fire be kept up if the enemy moves out by the right of the Redan.
(Signed) Harry D. Jones,
Major-General, Commanding Royal Engineer.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
The General Officer on duty in the Left Attack to take all necessary precautions for securing his left flank in the Picquet-liouse Ravine.
Approved.
(Signed) J. Simpson,
Lieut.-General Commanding.
6th July.
The enemy had for some days previously been employed in strengthening and enlarging the battery running from the left flank of the Redan at the head of the Karabelnaia Ravine towards the Gervais battery; directions were given that their working parties should be annoyed.
A fire was kept up from No. XIV. Battery on parties of the enemy approaching a well in front of the Dockyard Wall, to which the enemy replied from a 13-inch mortar from the Gervais battery, a shell from which struck Captain Alexander Gordon, Royal Artillery, on the head, killing him instantly.
This officer had served as a volunteer since the month of May, and was under orders to return to England. He had been wounded on the 6th June, and had only returned to his duty the day previous to his death.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Officers (Capt. Alexander Gordon) - 1 Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men- - - - - 1
Total - - 3
One 8-inch gun sent to Right Attack.
1th, 8 th, and 9th July.
One 10-inch gun sent to No. XIV. Battery mortar to No. XVIII., Right Attack.
on the 9tli, and one sea-service r 2

132
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Eombardment.
Lieut. G. A. Milman, of No. 4 Company, 6th Battalion, Right Attack, embarked for England on the 6th.
Lieut. J. S. Graham joined the Naval Brigade on the 9th July.
Sir Richard Dacres to the Adjutant-General of Royal Artillery.
Head Quarters, Royal Artillery,
Sir, Camp, 7th July 1855.
In forwarding the morning reports of the Siege from the 1st June to 6th July, you will perceive that the fire from all the Batteries in front of Sebastopol, in conjunction with those of the French, opened at 3 p.m. on the 6th of June last. So heavy is the armament, and so well were the guns served, not only by the Royal Artillery, hut the sailors of the Naval Brigade, that our superiority over the fire of the enemy was soon established. The fire continued during the night of the 6th, chiefly from the mortars, and throughout the day of the 7th June until 6 p.m., when the Mamelon and Quarries in front of the Redan were stormed, and taken possession of, the former by the French, the latter by the English Infantry.
This attack, which was perfectly successful, was covered by a very heavy fire from all our Batteries, directed chiefly on the Redan and Malakoff Tower.
After the capture of these outworks the fire of our guns gradually slackened, but shells were thrown day and night from the various mortar Batteries. I then ordered every exertion to be made to bring up fresh ammunition, &c. from Balaklava, and to get the Batteries in readiness for another bombardment.
On the morning of the 17th at daylight the fire again commenced all round ; and the result was, as on the last occasion, that our superiority over the enemy was speedily established ; and towards the evening their batteries were many of them silent.
On the morning of the 18th, at daylight, the Malakoff Tower and Redan were assaulted, the former by the French, the latter by the English Infantry. The attempt was unsuccessful. The retreat was covered by a heavy fire from the Batteries, which was kept up for the remainder of the day.
In the assault on the Redan, one Lieutenant and 20 gunners were detailed to accompany each of the three columns of attack, under the command of 2d Captain W. J. Williams, to spike and destroy guns.
Since the evening of the 18th the fire has been for the most part discontinued.
Several new mortar Batteries are now being made in advance, from which I shall he enabled to reach the more distant parts of the Town.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
133
I shall shortly forward you a sketch of the position of these new works, and also a table showing the new armament.
The casualties in the Companies of the Siege Train were, I regret to say, very large during these two last bombardments. The nominal list and details have already been forwarded.
I have called upon Lieut.-Colonel Warde to report to me the names of the officers who most distinguished themselves, which I intend to submit to the Lieutenant General Commanding the Forces, and a copy of which shall be forwarded to you.
* * * * *
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
With respect to the Royal Artillery sent with the Kertch Expedition, 1 beg to acquaint you that the whole have returned, with the exception of Captain Gravdon and a detachment of his Company amounting to 50 men, Avho have been ordered to remain at Cape St. Paul, near Kertch, for the present, to
assist the Turkish troops in the defence.
* * * * *
I have, &c.
(Signed) R. J. Dacres,
Major-General, Com. Royal Art.
10 th July.
To assist the advances upon the Redan, the Commander-in-Chief, at the recommendation of General Sir H. Jones, directed that all the Batteries which bore upon the Redan should open a heavy fire at daylight. The enemy replied with considerable warmth at intervals; but the musketry fire, which had been very annoying to the Infantry working, was at once checked.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Wounded - ,, „ 5
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Men - - - 2
Wounded - „ - - - - 5
Total
Grand Total - - 13
Ordnance disabled.
Left Attack.— One 8-inch gun in No. I. Battery struck by a round shot in the muzzle, and disabled.

134
SIEGE OF SEBASTOFOL.
Fourth Liect,-General Simpson to Lord Panmure.
•Tune—Sept. Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 10th July 1855.
1655 .' ’******
—— At five o’clock this morning a heavy fire was opened upon the Redan by the Allied
Bombardment. Batteries. j have> &c>
(Signed) James Simpson,
Lieut.-General Commanding.
11 th to \lth July.
From the lltli to the 17th there was comparative tranquillity in the Batteries.
We continued replenishing the Batteries and the reserve magazines, in the Caves in the Ravines, of both Attacks, which had been considerably enlarged by the Engineers, to supply the large demand for the increased number of pieces.
A large depdt of powder of about 3,000 barrels was made in a secure place (out of range) at the head of the Woronzoff Ravine ; where also were piled all live shells, rockets, &c. This freed the depots, which were in the midst of the camps, from the danger of explosions.*
11 th July.
The following reinforcements joined from England :—
No. 2 (Captain Newton’s) Company, 1st Battalion.
2 Captains (Newton, Curtis).
3 Lieutenants (Heberden, Smith, Marshall).
13 Non-commissioned officers.
120 Gunners.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 139
Posted to Right Attack.
No. 3 (Captain Clifford’s) Company, 1st Battalion.
1 Captain (Clifford).
2 Lieutenants (Still, Wortham).
13 Non-commissioned officers.
120 Gunners.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 137
Posted to Left Attack.
* The arrangement now made proved to be a most wise precaution. After the conclusion of the Siege all combustible stores were placed in this depot, so that when the explosion of the French Park occurred (15th November 1855), although our Park was on fire, no further damage was done to the Camp. Had our powder, shells, &c. been kept in the Park depot, the result must have been most disastrous.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
135
No. 6 (Captain Lennox’s) Company, 1st Battalion. 2 Captains (Lennox, Sievwright).
2 Lieutenants (De Moleyns, Gilmour). 12 Non-commissioned officers.
120 Gunners.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 137
Posted to Right Attack.
No. 4 (Captain Milward’s) Company, 3d Battalion.
1 Captain (Milward).
2 Lieutenants (Tyler, Hill).
14 Non-commissioned officers.
120 Gunners.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 138
Posted to Right Attack.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
No. 7 (Captain Fit/.roy’s) Company, 4th Battalion.
1 Captain (Fitzroy).
2 Lieutenants (Brown, Pearse).
12 Non-commissioned officers.
127 Gunners.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 143
Posted to Left Attack.
Assistant-Surgeon N. P. Betts arrived from England this day, and was posted to do duty with the Siege Train at the Left Attack.
12^A July .
A sea-service mortar was removed from No. VI., left of 1st parallel, to No. XVIII., to fire upon the White Buildings and the landing-place at Fort Paul, where stores were being constantly landed.
Deserters had reported that the reserves of the Russians were massed behind the White Buildings.

136
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
1'OL-RTU Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
The following joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Captain Hon. H. Keppel, to assume the command. Lieutenant Prince Victor Hohenlohe.
Chaplain, the Reverend J. Thompson.
13 th July.
Another sea-service mortar moved to No. XVIII. from No. VI, Right Attack ; also one 13-inch mortar from No. II. Battery to No. XVIII.
Seven 10-inch mortars and beds were taken into No. XV. Battery, Left Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Men
14 th July.
•24 seamen joined the Naval Brigade.
15 th July.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery: —
In the Naval Brigade : —
Killed - Men
17 th July.
From this period to the conclusion of the Siege whenever the Redan fired bouquets of shells from its Coehorns, or was annoying with its musketry, a discharge of shells took place from four 8-inch mortars in the Quarries.
Seven Coehorns w r ere taken into No. XVI. Battery, Right Attack.
A heavy fire from the enemy on the French in the Mamelon. It was replied to by us on the Tower and Redan from the mortars in 2d parallel and two in Right Advance.
A sortie was made on the Mamelon about 10.30 last night, accompanied by a general fire along the line. The Russians were driven back after very sharp musketry fire on both sides.
70 rounds were fired from the mortars in the centre Batteries, Left Attack, with good effect, into the Redan ; the fire at one period was returned, but not sharply.
Fire was also opened by the mortars in the right and left Batteries of the 1st parallel, Left Attack, on the Redan.
The fire on the Redan was kept up by us during the whole of the night, in compliance with the wishes of the General Commanding in the trenches, a strong working party having been observed on the right salient of the Redan.
No casualties.
Nil. - 1
Nil.
1

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
137
Lieut.-Gexeuai. Simtsox to Loud Paxmuke.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 17th July 18oo.
******
Our Siege operations are steadily progressing.
Last night about eleven o’clock a sortie was made by the enemy on the right ot the French works in front of the Mamelon. The cannonade and fire of the musketry was exceedingly heavy.
******
1’OBKTH
Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
I have, &e.
(Signed) James Simpson,
Lieut.-General Commanding.
18/4 July.
An occasional fire was kept on the Quarries from the Redan, which was duly returned.
The Russians made a sortie about midnight on the advanced trench of the Left Attack. They were unsuccessful.
A heavy fire was opened upon them by the centre mortar Battery and from No. XIII. Battery, Left Attack, as also from guns in No. XI. Battery, Left Attack, which bore on the Creek, where it was believed they came out.
The firing lasted about a quarter of an hour; that from the enemy was not heavy.
A very warm fire was opened upon the Redan by the Batteries of the Right Attack on the sharp fire of musketry on the Left being heard ; it was kept up for some time.
There were no casualties.
1 9th July.
The principal fire from the Right Attack was directed upon a spot where the enemy was at work on the left side of the Ravine, between the Redan and Malakoff.
A few 32-pounder shot were fired from the Left Attack at working parties at the re-entering angle of the Flagstaff Battery.
Kept up a fire from mortars on the Redan, Redan Wall, and Flagstaff batteries, as also on the Garden and Creek batteries.
Three carcasses were accidentally set on fire in the Left Attack when firing mortars.
In the Right Attack one carcass was fired which hurst at the muzzle.
A report having been made by Major Strange, Royal Artillery, of the danger arising from these treacherous projectiles being so exposed when in battery, and their close proximity to the powder magazine, an order was given by
s

138
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Colonel Warde to remove all carcasses out of the Batteries; also that in future all carcasses should be fired with wooden bottoms placed between the carcass and the charge.
The whole of the 13-inch shells with fuze holes for Boxer’s fuzes in battery at the Left Attack having been used during the day, some old fuzes were used, to which was attributed the premature bursting of three shells.
Orders received to fire 150 shells during the 24 hours.
The enemy’s fire very slack.
Nos. X. and XI. Batteries, Left Attack, given over to the Royal Navy.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade :— .... Xi!.
Return of Guns in Position, and the Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the
Batteries and in the Crimea.
Camp, 19th July 1855.
N umber of Pieces.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Nature of Ordnance.
Right
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-incli gun
3
3
6
168
168
68-pounder gun
-
5
—
5
400
510
8-inch gun
-
19
31
50
305
305
32-pounder
-
11
38
49
559
1,133
13-inch mortar
-
19
15
34
132
166
10-
-
6
12
18
213
488
8-
*
4
2
6
340
615
Total
-
67
101
168
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
20 th July.
Carcasses were fired from Battery No. XVIII., Right Attack, wooden bottoms being used, and the carcasses being carefully selected which were in best preservation and had the canvas tightly spread over the holes. 15 were fired. With a charge as high as 10 lbs. the carcass hurst in the muzzle. A

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
139
charge of 9 lbs. 4 oz. was good, and the carcass was visible burning where it fell, far in the Town. With a charge of 9 lbs. 8 oz. the priming and quick- match were shaken out, but the carcass went on blind. 9 lbs. 12 oz. burst the carcass in muzzle; and again 9 lbs. 8 oz. was tried, with precisely the same effect as before. Only three failed out of 15; and considering the age and quality of the carcasses, the experiment seemed moderately successful. Much of the priming was dry and hard, and the quick-match broke in the fingers.
The fire of the Russians was rather heavy; it was replied to by both Attacks.
Colonel Dickson, of No. 1 Company, 12th Battalion, Right Attack, having been ordered to return home, embarked this day for England, and was succeeded in the command of the Right Attack by Captain H. A. Campbell.
One 68-pounder carriage and slide sent to Right Attack, and four 32- pounders to Left Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack_Killed - Gunners - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade:— - - - - - Nil.
21 st July.
Earth noticed to have been thrown up by the Russians in front of the salient of the Redan, and along part of the right face outside the ditch, and inside the abattis.
A large working party was observed in front of the White Buildings, and on the extreme left of the Redan. They were fired at from No. VIII. mortar Battery, Right Attack.
Five carcasses were fired from No. XVIII. mortar Battery, Right Attack, three of which burst at the muzzle.
Very little firing to-day on either side.
Major Anderson, Commissary of Siege Train, was invalided to England this day. He was replaced in his appointment by Major Pipon, Royal Artillery.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack:—Wounded - Gunners - - 1
In the Naval Brigade : —
Wounded- Men. - 1
Total - - 2
POCRTH
Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Four 8-inch guns sent to Left Attack.

140
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
FOURTH Period. Jnne—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Lieut.-Generai, Simpson to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 21st July 1855.
*****
Sir Stephen Lushington, K.C.B., having been promoted to the rank of Admiral, has been relieved in the command of the Naval Brigade by Captain the Honourable Henry Keppel.
I take this opportunity of recording my sense of the ability and zeal with which he has throughout conducted his arduous and responsible situation of commanding the Naval Brigade, which has rendered such excellent service in our Batteries.
*****
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson, Lieut.-Generai Commanding.
22c/ July.
The Right Attack kept up a tire on the Redan for some hours with mortars, by which two embrasures on its right flank were destroyed.
By order of General Sir H. Jones a fire was opened upon a working party of the Russians throwing up intrenchments on the left rear of the Redan ; also upon a number of the enemy drawing water from a large Well close to their intrenchments. The fire was very heavily returned by the low batteries on the right of the enemy’s intrenchments, but without any casualties.
A fire was kept up by the Left Attack on the Redan and adjacent works, which was replied to by the enemy.
The enemy was apparently engaged in constructing a new work in front of the upper Garden batteries.
A gun shell from the enemy fell amongst a heap of carcasses in the new Batteries of the Right Attack, and ignited about GO. The gabions, being very dry, were set on fire; but the fire was got under by earth being shovelled over them. The carcasses which had taken fire w'ere at once separated from the main heap, and further destruction was prevented.
The enemy on observing the blaze redoubled their fire from the Malakoff and Redan, but no casualties occurred.
Shells with Valenciennes composition were fired into the Town from No. XVIII. Battery, Right Attack.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
141
Casualties.
FOURTH
Period. June—Sept 1855 .
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Gunners
Left Attack_Wounded - „
l
1
Fourth
Bombardment.
Total
o
In the Naval Brigade:—
Wounded - Seamen
Grand Total
o
23 d July.
The Russians made a sortie on the advanced trenches of the French about
10 o’clock last night, but after a sharp engagement of 20 minutes were repulsed. We assisted the French from the Batteries Nos. X. and VIII., Right Attack; a sharp fire was kept up on the Redan, to check its fire on the Mamelon.
A sortie was also made at a later period on our Left; which, after longer firing than the former, was also successfully repulsed.
Some shells charged with Valenciennes composition were fired into the Town from No. XVill. Battery, Right Attack.
The French from their Inkermann parallel fired a great many rockets towards the Russian camp on the North side of the Harbour this afternoon.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—■
Left Attack.—Killed - Gunners
In the Naval Brigade :—
Memorandum.
Before Sebastopol, 23d July 1855.
As there appears to be some misunderstanding in regard to the power of the General Officer Commanding in the trenches to give orders to the Officer Commanding the Artillery to fire upon the enemy when he considers it desirable to do so; and as in some recent instances when the General Officer applied to the Commanding Officer of Artillery to open fire, he was told that he had no orders to do so: It therefore becomes necessary that some definite instructions should be given for the mutual guidance of the

142
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
FOURTH
Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
General Commanding in the trenches and the Officer of Royal Artillery on duty in the two Attacks.
The Lieut.-General Commanding directs as follows : —
1. The Officers of Artillery on duty in the two Attacks will be guided generally by the instructions dated this day, and approved by the Lieut.- General, and sent to Major-General Dacres; a copy of which is to he furnished to the Officers of the Royal Artillery Commanding in each Attack, as also to the Brigadier-General commanding the Naval Brigade.
2. In the event of any sortie or attempt by the enemy to force either Attack, the General Officer on duty is to consider himself responsible for the defence and security of the trenches entrusted to his care ; and he is to make such arrangements of the troops as he may consider most conducive to that end, and to order such batteries or guns to open fire as he may consider necessary, upon communicating his orders to the Officer of Artillery in the Batteries, or to the senior officer of that branch of the service in the Attack. Immediate attention and compliance is to be paid to the orders of the General Officer.
3. The General Officer Commanding in the trenches is to take care that due discretion is used in exercising the power thus vested in him, and that no unnecessary expenditure of ammunition is allowed to take place.
4. Whenever such special orders are given by the General Officer, he is to note the same in his report to the Lieut.-General Commanding, and the Officer of Artillery is to make a report to Major-General Dacres of the orders received, and the quantity and nature of the ammunition expended.
(Signed) James Simpson,
Lieut.-General Commanding.
•24th July.
A regular mortar fire kept up on the Redan, Redan Wall, and Garden batteries, and the houses behind the Creek battery.
A shell from the enemy set fire to 36 carcasses in the advance of the Left Attack.
An 8-inch gun in No. I. Battery, Left Attack, was overturned when firing, owing to the rear trucks being off, and the platform being considerably worn.
Mr. C. E. Martyn, Midshipman, and 5 seamen joined the Naval Brigade.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
143
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery : —
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1 Left Attack. — Wounded- ,, „ 1
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment
Total - - 2
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded- Seamen - - 2
Grand Total - - 4
2 oth July.
A sortie was made upon the French works on the Right about 12 o’clock last night. There w r as heavy firing on both sides for about 20 minutes.
A strong working party was observed on the extreme left of the Redan in front of the nearest White Buildings. It was fired at from No. VIII. Battery, Right Attack.
Three shells were also fired from Left Attack at a working party in the upper Garden battery with effect.
The fire from the Russians w as rather heavier than usual; it was replied to by the Batteries of the Right and Left Attacks.
No. XVI. Battery, Right Attack, fired with good effect on tw r o guns in left rear of the Redan, which opened in the morning on the French advanced wrnrks.
The firing of shells w as ordered to he reduced.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Left Attack.—Wounded - ,, „ 1
Total - - 2
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen - . - - - 4
Grand Total 6
Two men of the 49th Regiment were killed by the bursting of an unexploded shell into which they had put a piece of lighted tinder.
2 Qth July.
The firing from the Left Attack w r as about the same as usual. That from the Right Attack was heavier, to meet the heavy fire upon the French from the Malakoff, and against the Redan in support of our working parties in the

144
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth
l'UKIOIl.
June—Sep:. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
advanced trenches. A fire was also directed upon parties coming for water to the Well near the Malakoff Tower hill, and against carts conveying gabions and stores along the road under the Dockyard Wall.
A brisk fire was kept up by the enemy.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded (by stones from a shot striking
embrasure) - Gunners -
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen -
an
■)
o
Total - - 4
21th July.
By direction of the General on duty in the trenches, and the Engineer Officer, a very heavy fire was opened on the Redan by the Batteries of the Right Attack in consequence of the heavy fire on our advanced trenches from the Redan and a mortar battery on the left of the Malakoff Tower. The fire was heavy on the Quarries from Coehorns, principally in salvoes of 10. There was also a miscellaneous fire of shot, shell, canister and grape (principally the latter) on all our works in the Right Attack.
Our fire was kept up until the Redan was silent.
The fire of the Batteries of the Left Attack was regular.
A report was made that all the platforms in the 1st parallel, Left Attack, were much injured, and that most of them, both for guns and mortars, were unserviceable.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners Left Attack.— „ «
Total - - 2
Two 32-pounders sent to Left Attack.
28 th July.
A heavy fire M as kept up by the enemy.
Several rounds of bouquets were fired into the Quarries, which replied by firing about 100 Coehorn shells.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:— - Nil.
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen - - - -2

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
145
Lieut.-General Simi'son to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 28tli July 18oo.
# * # * # *
We continue to strengthen and improve our advanced works, which are now so close to the enemy’s defences that, I regret to say, our casualties are necessarily considerable.
The enemy exhibit great activity in adding to and improving their defences, and the conveyance of large military stores from the North to the South side is increasing.
#**»**
I'olHTK
P-ERICD.
June—Sept. 1835.
Fourth
Bombardment.
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
29 th July.
A heavy fire was kept up by the enemy last night on the Batteries of the Left Attaek, which was returned by a superior fire. There was also a little firing on the Right Attack.
Several carcasses were thrown from the Left Attack into the buildings in rear of the Redan, hut the buildings did not ignite.
Eight carcasses were also fired from the advanced Batteries, Right Attack, into the Town.
Two explosions took place this afternoon in front of the French lines on the Left.
A heavy fire of mortar shells ivas directed by the enemy upon the Quarries, 10 shells being observed in the air at the same time. They were fired from a mortar battery in rear of the Redan on the side near the Malakoff.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade :— - ------ Nil.
Several embrasures in No. I. Battery damaged.
The Batteries of both Attacks were in had condition from the heavy rains of the last few days.
30/A July.
During last night and to-day a heavy fire was kept up by the Russians, which was vigorously replied to by the Right and Left Attacks.
T

146
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855.
Fourth
Bombardment.
There was also a considerable fire from Fort Constantine and the seaward batteries directed against the Fleet.
Two 13-inch mortars sent to Right Attack.
31s£ July.
There was a heavy fire of shell and grape from the Redan on our advanced trenches of the Right Attack last night. A very heavy fire of shell was returned until it ceased.
The fire of the enemy was kept up during the day. It was replied to with effect.
No casualties.
Two 13-inch mortars lent to the French.
Some of the Batteries were much flooded, owing to the recent heavy rains.
Captain M. Adye, 4th Company, 3d Battalion, Right Attack, embarked for Malta this day.
The following alterations took place during the month :—
Surgeon J. M. S. Fogo, R.A., joined from J Field Battery, and posted to take Medical charge of the Siege Train at the Left Attack.
Assistant-Surgeon R. Webb, Il.A., doing duty with the Siege Train at the Left Attack, posted to H Field Battery; and Assistant-Surgeon A. M. Humphreys, ll.A., also doing duty with the Siege Train at the Left Attack, posted to J Field Battery.
From the deck of H.M.S. “ Hannibal,” Flagship of Sir Houston Stewart, anchored off the mouth of the Harbour, the movements of troops in the Town, and the reliefs going to and from the Russian works, could he observed. A telegraphic communication was established from the Flagship with a telegraph station erected on the hill in front of the Light Division, which was placed in charge of a petty-officer of the Fleet. A non-commissioned officer of Artillery, provided with a copy of the Code of Signals and a telescope, was so stationed in the trenches as to observe the signals, and communicate them at once to the officers in command of the mortar Batteries, which immediately opened in the direction to which the telegraph intimated the troops were moving.
The telegraph worked with great success, the fire upon the Russian reliefs causing them serious losses.
The telegraph was also used when firing was directed at the Shipping and Bridge ; returning the result of each shot—long, short, right, left, &c.
Tf
4

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
147
The orders for the telegraph were as follows:—
Memo.
The following signals will be made from the telegraph station in front of the Light Division in answer to those made from the Fleet when the reliefs, or other large bodies of men, are seen going into or coming out of the enemy’s batteries, and upon whom it is desirable to open a fire of shells—
No. 1—Enemy’s reliefs, or bodies of troops, are going into or coining out of the Malakoff work.
No. 2.—Ditto
ditto
ditto the Redan.
No. 5.—Ditto ditto
Battery.
ditto the Black Works or Star
FOURTH Period. June—Sept: 1855 .
Fourth
bombardment.
No. 8.—Ditto
ditto ditto the Batterie du Carenage.

I'oURTIl
Period. •Tune—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
148 SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
As some confusion may arise from the use of these same signals while the telegraph is communicating with the Fleet, the foregoing signals are only to he temporarily employed until flags are procured, after which they will he as follows:—
To he the same as No. 1.
Ditto No. 2.
Ditto No. - 5 .
Ditto No. 8.
In either case the signal to he made when the troops have disappeared, and tiring is therefore useless, will be thus—

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
149
ls£ August.
Towards evening the fire of the enemy was rather heavy. They opened fire from a mortar placed in the ditch on the re-entering angle of the ltedan.
There were no casualties.
Ordnance , fyc. disabled.
Left Attack.—A capsquare of one of the 10-inch mortars in 3d parallel, broken.
2 d August.
The enemy continued to keep up an occasional heavy fire, which was replied to by our Batteries.
No casualties.
The rain had washed down part of the parapets of Nos. VII. and NVI. Batteries.
During the fire yesterday a piece of iron flew out of the inside of the mortar bed of a 10-inch mortar in No. VIII. Battery, without, however, affecting the firing of the mortar. There appeared to have been a flaw in the metal at the spot.
Return of Guns in Position, and Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Nature of Ordnance.
Number of Pieces.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea,
Right
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-inch gun
0
4
9
124
124
68-pounder gun
-
3
1
4
741
741
8-inch gun
-
18
28
46
335
335
32-pounder gun
-
10
41
51
433
1,071
13-inch mortar
-
18
15
33
150
150
10-
-
6
16
22
134
134
8-
-
6
—
6
8
8
)> “
"
10
0
lo
176
176
Total
-
76
110
186
—
—
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
3 d August.
A column of Russians was seen to advance from the Redan on the Woronzoff Road last night about 10 o’clock, hut retired after having received a volley from our Infantry. A heavy fire was kept up for some time afterwards.
Fourth
Period.
J une—Sept. 1855 .
Four tli
Bombardment.

150
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Two 10-inch mortars and beds sent to Left Attack. No casualties.
4 th August.
One 8-inch gun, and three 32-pounders sent to Right Attack.
Two 32-pounders, one 8-inch gun, one 13-inch mortar, and four Coehorns sent to Left Attack.
The health of Lieut.-Colonel E. C. Warde, Royal Artillery, having given way, he embarked this day for England; and was succeeded in the command of the Siege Train by Lieut.-Colonel St. George, Royal Artillery.
Lieut. W. B. Rice, Royal Artillery, 3d Company, 12th Battalion, Left Attack, embarked for England.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Left Attack.-—Wounded - Gunners - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen .... 2
Total - - 3
Gilt, August.
In consequence of our working parties being annoyed by the fire of the enemy, a heavy fire was directed upon the Redan by the advanced batteries of the Right Attack.
No. IV. Battery, Left Attack, was given over to the Royal Navy.
One 9-pounder sent to Right Attack.
Lieut. H. W. Briscoe, of No. 8 Company, 4th Battalion, Left Attack, embarked this day for England ; also Captain H. Rogers, of No. 7 Company, 5th Battalion, Right Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners 1
In the Naval Brigade :— - ------ Nil.
0>th August.
Some earth having slipped at a part of the Right flank of the Redan, a sharp fire was opened on it by one or two of the Batteries of the Left Attack, with apparently good effect; a smart fire was, however, received in return from the Redan.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
151
No. XIV. Battery, Right Attack, fired a few shells at working parties between the White Buildings arid the left of the Redan, and succeeded in setting in a blaze some buildings which appeared to he store houses. The fire continued to burn vigorously for some hours. Some 10-inch shells filled with Valenciennes composition were occasionally thrown into it.
The French fired a great number of rockets, but it did not appear what effect they produced.
There was some fire from Fort Constantine and the batteries across the Creek against the French batteries.
A report having been received from the French that a gun in a battery to the right of the Malakoff was annoying the French advanced trenches, several shells from No. VIII. Battery, Right Attack, were thrown into the battery by order of the Commanding Engineer; one of which fell into the embrasure from which the enemy was firing, and silenced the battery.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2
In the Naval Brigade :— ... - . - Nil.
A 9-pounder was placed on the extreme left of the 3d parallel, Right Attack. The duty was a most fatiguing one, the men having had to drag it from No. XIII. Battery to the spot were it was placed.
Two Coehorns sent to Right Attack.
Lieut.-General Simpson to Lord Panmcre.
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 4th August 1855.
I have the honour to acquaint your Lordship that on the night of the 2nd instant, between ten and eleven o’clock, the enemy made a sortie in considerable force by the Woronzoff Road. The strength of the enemy is computed to bo about 2,000. Their object was to destroy a heavy iron clievaux-de-frise placed across the Woronzoff Road, between our Right and Left Attacks, and, being further supported by heavy columns in rear, to take advantage of such circumstances as might present themselves.
******
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
Itli August.
The mortars in the Right Attack were all brought to bear on the White Buildings yesterday afternoon, with apparently good effect.
No casualties.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1S55.
Fourth
Bombardment.

152
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Folktu
Pninoo.
J une—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Ordnance , Sfc. disabled.
Right Attack.—2 platforms in No. VIII. Battery rendered unserviceable.
1 10-inch mortar cracked at the muzzle.
Left Attack.—1 32-pounder carriage in No. VIII. Battery disabled.
8th August.
A continued hut badly-directed fire kept up from the Redan. During last night the Redan threw a considerable number of small shells and light-balls into the Ravine between our Right and Left Attacks.
An occasional heavy fire was kept up by our Batteries on the enemy’s works, and working parties, &c.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen - - - - 1
Total - - 2
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Mr. E. H. AVilkinson, Acting Mate ; and 6 seamen.
9 th August.
Little firing to-day. A sortie was made last night upon the advanced works of the French at the Mamelon.
A mortar battery in the Redan Wall opened fire on the Quarries, and was replied to from a mortar Battery in the 1st parallel, Left Attack.
About this time 2,000 13-inch shells were borrowed from the French Artillery, our supply having run short. As, however, our own supplies arrived from England immediately afterwards, 1,000 were returned to the French.*
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :— ------- Nil.
In the Naval Brigade :—
AVounded - Gunners - - - - 1
Ordnance , SfC. disabled.
Right Attack.—A Coehorn mortar bed in No. XVII. Battery rendered unserviceable.
* The French 13-inch mortar shell is a little smaller than ours. Several of them burst, and did some damage to the mortars.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 153
\0th August.
Filing as usual.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2 Left Attack.— „ „ „ 2
Total - - 4
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Seamen - 1
Grand Total 5
Ordnance , fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder gun disabled.
Lieut. H. Irvine, Royal Artillery, 7 Company, 5th Battalion, Right Attack, embarked for England yesterday.
11 th August.
A very large convoy of waggons observed entering Sebastopol (North side) about noon.
The enemy’s fire was rather heavy to-day.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - - - - 1
In the Naval Brigade :— .... Nil.
General Simpson to Lord Panmcre.
My Lord, • Before Sebastopol, lltli August 1855.
I had the honour to acquaint you that during the past week the Army has been unceasingly employed in strengthening and improving the advanced works; which are now so close to the enemy, that it is with the greatest difficulty any approach can be made.
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.

154
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth 12 th August.
Period.
Ju “t 855 ? pt ' 0ur fire to-day was directed on the White Buildings, Fort Nicholas, and the Fourth landing-place.
Bombardment. 13-inch shells were thrown from the main trench, Left Attack, into the portion of the Flagstaff battery which appeared to contain a long-range gun which had lately been annoying our camps. The effect, however, was not good, owing to the age and badness of the fuzes.
10-inch shells were also thrown from the advance of the Left Attack at a gun in the upper Garden battery which was also observed firing at the camps.
The fire of the enemy was not heavy ; the greater part of it appeared to be directed on the vessels-of-war, from Fort Constantine and the batteries by the sea to the South of the Harbour.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Gunners -
In the Naval Brigade :— ...
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—1 Mortar burst in No. VII. Battery.
13 th August.
A heavy fire of 13-inch shells was kept up by our Batteries on Fort Nicholas, White Buildings, and the head of the Creek. Also upon a building with a green roof near Fort Nicholas, which appeared to be quite gutted.
An occasional fire of shells was kept up on the Redan.
Very little fire from the enemy.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery : —
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 3 Left Attack.—Wounded „ » 1
Total 4
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen 1
Grand Total - - 5
*
n

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
155
Two 24-pounders and one 10-inch mortal' sent to Right Attack.
Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Francklyn, Royal Artillery, being invalided, embarked for England this day ; and was succeeded in the command of the Siege Train at the Left Attack by Lieutenant-Colonel G. R. Barker, Royal Artillery.
14^/i August.
We continued our fire of shells upon the buildings of the Town, Dockyard, &c.
The enemy fired very heavily, particularly upon the Left Attack.
The sailors this morning in the Right Attack opened fire from a 32-pounder supported in the earth at an angle of 45 degrees.
Three 32-pounders were placed in No. XVIII. Battery, Right Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery : —
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2 In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen - - - 2
Total - - 4
Ordnance , &fc. disabled.
Right Attack.—The shaft of a limber disabled.
General Simpson to Lord Panmure.
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 14th August 1855.
During the last few days considerable activity has been exhibited in the movements of the enemy, both in the Town and on the North side ; and from the information we have received from the country, as well as the examination of deserters, I have reason to believe that the Russians may attempt to force us to raise the Siege by a vigorous attack from without.
Every precaution is taken on the part of the Allies.
******
The fire has, if anything, been rather less during the day, since my last despatch. At times, however, the enemy open heavily for a short period, causing many casualties. * *
The firing on our side has been directed in a great measure against the large Barracks, Dockyard Buildings, and the Town ; all of which show visible signs of the admirable practice of the Royal Artillery. * * * *
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
Fourth Period. June—Sept 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.

156
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sepf. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
1 5th August.
The enemy fired very much into the camps of the Left Attack from the lower Garden battery; in consequence of which the 10-inch mortars in No. XII. Battery, Left Attack, were turned upon them.
A steamer was observed at anchor near Fort Nicholas. Seven 13-inch shells were fired at her from the 3d parallel, Left Attack, when she moved out of sight; unfortunately, she was not struck.
A fire was also directed upon a large working party landing stores in the Dockyard; it appeared to annoy them.
The sailors fired from the sunken 32-pounder at a high elevation, and obtained a great range.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners - 2
In the Naval Brigade:— . ..- - Nil.
One 68-pounder sent to Right Attack.
1 Qth August.
A 32-pounder gun was laid on the right of No. XI. Battery, Left Attack, on the ground, at about 25 degrees of elevation: with a charge of 8 lbs. it ranged as far as the Shipping in the Harbour.
The French sprung two small mines in front of the Flagstaff' battery during the early part of the morning.
Very little firing.
Two 10-inch mortars were taken into No. XIX. Battery, and mounted.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 5
Left Attack.— „ „ „ 1
Total - - 6
In the Naval Brigade : —
Wounded- Seamen. 1
Grand Total - 7
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack.—3 32-pounders disabled.
One 24-pounder rocket case sent to Left Attack.
Captain M. Adye, of No. 4 Company, 3d Battalion, rejoined yesterday from Malta.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
157
Return showing the Armament, &c. of the Batteries.
Right Attack.
Camp, 15th August 1855.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855.
Nature of Guns.
Mortars.
•3 a
a * a £
•3
3 O’
C =3 (4 *3
3 t. c <! • s _ b
a a s
o 5-1
o „ j
No. of
Battery.
e
O
B
a>
C
a>
u?
u
J
M JJ
O <4
Object fired at.
10-inch.
a
3
c
a,
co
a
3
O
e*
<N
CO
a
3
O
CU
i
OI
T3
a
3
O
a.
o
8-inch.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
£
-*N
Total.
*
J - j:
£
^ J « V? 4
XJ O
1 .O.S £
L 1
II.
<
III.
IY.
>
2
3
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
13
13
—
r Redan, Malakoff, and
L Barrack battery.
V.
i
VI. ^
t
VII.
2
2
Redan.
VIII.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
—
3
Malakoff and Town.
IX.
7
7
—
Malakoff.
X.
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
—
3
Ditto.
XI.
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
—
3
Ditto.
XII.
2
1
-
-
3
—
3
Redan and Town.
XIII.
4
—
4
t Redan and Barrack l battery.
XIV. 1
2
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
7
5
2
Redan and Town.
XV. ;
I
3
—
3
f Redan and Barrack
1 battery.
XVI. !
4
10
14
—
14
Redan.
XVII.
- '
o
Low Works.
XVIII.
7
— '
7
f Redan, Town, and Ma- l lakoff.
XIX.
_
—
—
—
XX. i
-
-
2
2
—
2
Low Works.
1
Lai
icas
ter.
1
—
1
Shipping.
1 5
1
3
13
-
-
18
18
6
4
10
77
25
52
Fourth
Bombardment.
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) J. St. George,
Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.

158
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Return showing the Armament of Batteries, &c. — continued.
Left Attack,
Camp, 15th August 1855.
-a a
►>
Nature of Guns.
Mortars.
d
GJ U
G d
c
* 5
S3
M
g lj .
S- t
& a a»
No. of
i ? Uv
£
0 )
o o’ S
3 o i
Object fired at.
Battery.
e
a>
03
U
4>
o CO
O C 2
I* j3 m
J3
fQ 'o
9 b *
5 eO d
ed
o
'(2
a
s
g.
1
£
i
&
1
A
o
_2
ed
o
.9
d
.9
£
rG
V
-d
o
.9
"a
o
t- _a o d *+j <4 ,G d
S ►> cj
§ rO .9
*
s
cS
o
00
C'J
00
o
H
I.
2
5
2
3
__
12
_
12
Redan.
II.
r Redan, Redan Wall, and t Barrack battery.
4
4
III.
-
-
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
8
5
3
Ditto.
IV.
y
1
1
r Garden,Town and Flag-
4
D
O
i staff batteries.
VI.
--
.
—
—
VII.
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
—
6
f Barrack battery and t Town.
VIII.
8
—
8
Ditto, and Redan.
IX.
1
i
-
-
—
2
-
-
-
-
4
4
—
Ditto.
X.
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
7
—
Flagstaff battery.
XI.
8
8
8
( Creek and Garden bat-
"
i teries.
XII.
4
4
_
4
f Garden and Town bat-
1 teries.
XIII.
Q
7
7
r Barrack battery and
i Redan.
XIV.
-
—
5
-
—
6
-
-
-
-
li
—
11
Redan, &c.
XV.
11
li
11
f Barrack battery, Redan,
1 and Redan Wall.
XVI.
7
—
7
Redan.
XVII.
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
6
—
6
Woronzoff Road.
4
i
40
-
-
28
14
18
-
4
109
30
79
(Signed) J. St. George,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
159
Return showing the Number of Guns in Position, and the Number of Rounds per Gun and
Mortar in the Crimea.
Camp, 15th August 1855.
Nature of Ordnance.
Number of Pieces.
Number of Hounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Hounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Bight
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-incli gun -
4
4
8
125
125
68-pounder gun - - -
3
1
4
590
590
8-inch gun ...
18
28
46
570
570
32-pounder gun - - -
13
40
53
712
1,246
13-inch mortar -
18
15
33
127
224
10- „ -
6
18
24
165
346
8- „ •
4
3
7
126
126
1
•
1
1
10
10
20
89
89
Lancaster - - -
1
—
1
—
—
Total
77
119
196
—
—
(Signed) J. St. George,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
FIFTH BOMBARDMENT.
\lth August.
At daylight this morning, at the appointed signal, namely, three shells thrown into the Redan from No. XIII. Battery, Right Attack, the Fifth Bombardment of Sebastopol commenced.
Our fire was again to be chiefly directed against the Redan and the MalakofF, to enable the saps to advance; the heavy fire which the Russians opposed to the French saps against the MalakofF being a most serious obstacle to their progress.
We obtained a decided superiority over the MalakofF at an early period of the day, and enabled the French working parties to push their approaches.
Fourth 1 Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fourth
Bombardment.
Fifth
Bombardment.

160
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 18 SS.
Fifth
Bombardment.
The advanced Batteries of the Left Attack were opened with good effect, but were soon overpowered by the heavy fire from the Town, Garden, and Barrack batteries. The Batteries Nos. VIII. and XIV. were partially destroyed, several guns and carriages disabled, and two platforms blown up by mortar shells. A great many casualties occurred in all three Batteries.
Captain Oldfield, Royal Artillery, who had only a few days before been relieved of the command of the Left Attack by Colonel Barker, C.B., was killed; his loss was deeply deplored, as that of a gallant and energetic officer.
The conduct of the other officers, Captains Fitzroy, Hawkins, Bolton, and Lieut. Vaughan, who served in the advanced Batteries, was recommended to the favourable notice of the Commander-in-Chief.
At noon the detachments were withdrawn from the advanced Batteries of the Left Attack, as they were untenable.
Major Henry, Royal Artillery, lost his right arm about 12.30 in No. XVI. Battery, Left Attack.
Our Batteries had established on all points a superiority over the Town. The fire of the Malakoff was completely crushed.
During the night a heavy fire from the mortars was kept up on the Malakoff and Redan.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Wounded - „ „ 5
Left Attack.—Killed - Officers (Captain Oldfield) - 1
„ - Non-commissioned officers and men 4
Wounded- Officers (Major Henry) - 1
„ - Non-commissioned officers and men 18
Total - 30
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Officers (Commander L. Hammett) 1
,, - Seamen ..... 4
Wounded- Officers (Mr. Llewellyn, Quartermaster) .1
„ - Seamen - - 18
Total - 24
Grand Total - - 54

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
161
Ordnance, §c. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 8-inch gun disabled.
Left Attack.—4 8-inch guns disabled.
2 32-pounder guns disabled.
1 10-inch gun carriage disabled.
Two 32-pounders sent to Right Attack.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
1 8th August.
The fire opened again upon the Town from all the Batteries, with the exception of the advanced Batteries of the Left Attack.
A steady musketry fire from the advanced trenches of the Right Attack having been kept up during the night against the Redan, the enemy had been unable to repair that work, which presented a most damaged appearance.
The enemy replied very feebly throughout the day, the Malakoff being nearly silent.
The magazine lanterns were nearly all used up, and none could be procured from the general stores to replace them. Several lanterns were borrowed from officers of the Royal Artillery, as they were in constant requisition all night in the mortar Batteries.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery : —
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 2
Left Attack.-
In the Naval Brigade :-
9
Wounded - Seamen
Total
Grand Total
17
Ordnance, fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder gun disabled.
The following guns, &c. were sent to the trenches:—
To Right Attack.—1 32-pounder gun.
1 68 - „
To Left Attack. — 1 68- „
1 8-inch gun carriage.
x

162
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
The fire was kept up all night from the mortars as last night.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Commander J. W. S. Pasley.
Lieut. C. E. Torriano, 6th Company, 12th Battalion, Left Attack, embarked for England, on appointment to the Royal Horse Artillery.
General Simpson to Loro Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 18th August 1855.
In my despatch of the 14tli instant I informed your Lordship that 1 had reason to believe that the Russians would attempt, by a vigorous attack, to force us to raise the Siege.
This they endeavoured to do on the morning of the 16th; but the result was most glorious to those of the Allied troops who had the good fortune to be engaged.
**#*»*
The general officer who commanded the Russian column, and who is supposed to be General Read, was killed ; and in his possession was found the orders for the battle, signed by Prince Gortchakoff, who commanded in person.
From these it would appear that it was a most determined attempt to force us to raise the Siege. Had they succeeded, Balaklava was to have been attacked by one portion of their army, whilst the heights on which we now are, were to have been stormed with the other ; at the same time a vigorous sortie was to have been made from the Town on the French works, on our extreme left from the Quarantine, and another on the works on our extreme right on Mount Sapoune.
* * * » * *
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
General Simpson to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 18th August 1855.
General Pelissier having announced to me that, the Batteries against the Malakoff and adjacent works were prepared to open fire, arrangements were made that a steady fire should be commenced yesterday morning against those works and the Redan.
This continued throughout the day, and the effect produced was as much as -was anticipated.
The Russian fire, which at first answered briskly, became by the evening feeble.
In the afternoon a shell from one of our mortar Batteries ignited and caused the explosion of a great number of shells in one of the enemy’s batteries, doing apparently much damage.
I regret to have to report the deaths of Captain Oldfield, of the Royal Artillery, and Commander Hammett of the Royal Navy, amongst the number of casualties caused by the fire of yesterday.
Major C. S. Henry, of the Royal Artillery, received a severe wound, and has had his right arm amputated. He is, I am rejoiced to add, doing well.
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
163
19^A August.
The fire of the Batteries having sufficiently commanded the enemy’s fire from the Malakoff and Redan to allow the saps to he continued towards those works, the expenditure of ammunition was ordered to he considerably reduced.
The mortar shells were running short, our Batteries having fired 11,243 10- and 13-inch shells in the last forty-eight hours.
Fourth Feriod. -Tune—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Left Attack.—Wounded - Officers (Lieut. Scott) 1
Non-commissioned officers and men 2
Total - - 3
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Seamen.1
Wounded - - - Officers (Mr. Hovenden, Mate) - 1
Seamen -. 5
Total - - 7
Grand Total - - 10
20 th August.
The fire of our Batteries very much reduced.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery _
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners ----- 1
Left Attack.— „ - Officers (Captain P. Dickson) - 1
Non-commissioned officers and men 4
Total - - 0
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen .3
Grand Total - - 9

164
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
Ordnance disabled.
Right Attack :—1 10-inch mortar split with firing.
1 32-pounder split in the muzzle.
Return of Ammunition Expended against Sebastopol from the 13tli to 19th inclusive.
Camp, 20th August 1855.
Nature of Ordnance.
Number
of Rounds.
Remarks.
10-inch gun ...
492
68-pounder gun ...
j- 6,645
The bombardment commenced at
8-inch gun ...
daylight on the morning of the
32-pounder gun - - -
6,984
17th ; and the return made up to
13-inch mortar - -
5,976
6 a.m. on the morning of the 19tli
10- „ - - -
5,267
August 1855.
8- - -
H- „ •
906
The expenditure of powder about
Total
26,270
81 tons.
(Signed) J. St. George,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
165
Return showing the Number of Guns in Position, and Number of Rounds per Gun and
Mortar, in the Crimea.
Camp, 20th August 1855.
Nature of Ordnance.
Number of Pieces.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the. Batteries.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Right
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-inch gun ...
4
4
8
64
64
68 pounder gun
4
1
5
462
462
8-incli gun ...
18
28
46
429
429
32-pounder gun ...
13
40
53
580
1,442
13-inch mortar - -
18
14
32
29
59
10- „ - - -
8
18
26
71
230
8- ...
4
3
7
126
401
0-^- j, “
10
10
20
43
83
Lancaster ...
1
—
1
300
300
Total
80
118
198
—
—
(Signed) J. St. George,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
21 st A ugust.
The enemy kept up a brisk fire, which was steadily replied to by our Batteries.
Rockets and shell were fired from the Quarries into the Karahelnaia suburb, and set fire to some buildings.
A 10-inch mortar mounted in No. VIII. Battery, Right Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1 Wounded ,, ,, 1
Total - 2
Left Attack.—
Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 4
Fourth Period. June—Sep*. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
Grand Total
6

166
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
General Simpson to Lord Pax mu he.
My Lord, Before Sevastopol, 21st August 1855.
******
The fire from the Batteries of the Allies has been very effective, and the result attained has been sufficient to enable the works against the place to progress satisfactorily.
******
1 have, &e.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
22<J August.
In compliance with orders, two shells per hour were fired from the sea- service mortar in No. VIII. Battery, Right Attack, over the second row of buildings and the landing-place at Fort Nicholas.
A telegraphic message being received that bodies of troops were in the Malakoff and marching up to it, a heavy fire was kept up on it by the Batteries of the Right Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men - 4
In the Naval Brigade:— - ^
23 d August.
A smart fire was opened upon Fort Nicholas by No. XVIII. Battery, Right Attack, a telegraphic message having been received that a working party was engaged near that place.
Fire was also opened from rockets and 32-pounder guns upon the Kara- belnaia suburb.
One of the enemy’s shells fell upon a box of rockets in the Right Attack, and ignited the whole case.
A heavy fire of shells was exchanged between the Mamelon and works of the Tower.
A slow, steady fire was kept up by our Batteries.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners . . _ 1
And two others severely scorched.
In the Naval Brigade:— - - - - - Nil.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
167
’2ith August.
The Russians early last evening attempted a sortie upon the French in front of the Malakoff. They fired and shouted a good deal, but were soon driven in. During the remainder of the night they were very quiet, but early this morning they opened a heavy fire upon the French approaches and Mamelon. We fired rapidly from Nos. VIII. and XIX. Batteries, Right Attack, with good effect.
The enemy very quiet during the day.
A steady fire was kept up by our Batteries on the Redan and its flanks.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Officers (Lieut, de Winton) - - 1
Non-commissioned officers and men 2 Left Attack. — Killed - » 2
Wounded „ „ 2
Total 7
In the Naval Brigade : —
Wounded - Officers (Lieut. Evered) - - 1
Seamen 1
Total
Grand Total - - 9
Ordnance, fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—A mortar bed in No. VII. Battery rendered unserviceable.
The revetment of No. VIII. Battery magazine was much injured from the concussion of the mortar firing.
25th August.
The Russians opened a heavy fire upon the French right. We supported our Allies with a steady fire from our Batteries.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 1 In the Naval Brigade:— - - - Nil.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.

168
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth
Period.
J une—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
General Simpson to Lord Panmure.
Mr Loud, Before Sebastopol, 25th August 1855.
******
The bridge across the Great Harbour is nearly completed, and large bodies of men are employed in erecting earthworks on the North side of the Harbour.
Entrenchments have been thrown up on the Sieveruaya Hill, extending from tliq sea coast to the site of the first Lighthouse facing the North.
From various sources, we learn that the Russians on the right bank of the Tchernaya are held in perfect readiness for an offensive movement.
Our Siege operations progress steadily.
******
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
Notwithstanding the enormous quantity of shells which had arrived lately, we were again very deficient in ammunition, and were anxiously expecting further supplies. On the 5th August a steamer was dispatched to Gibraltar for 23 13-inch mortars and 17 8-inch mortars, with a request also that the authorities at that place would send as many shells and fuzes, &c. as could be spared. This demand was made in consequence of a telegraphic message from the Secretary-at-War. A further demand had also been made on Malta.
Of ten steamers named in a telegraphic despatch from Lord Panmure, dated early in this month, as coming from England with shells, seven had arrived, been emptied, and their contents made use of.
2 &h August.
The enemy’s fire during the day was rather slack ; it was, however, somewhat brisk in the morning and evening.
Our Batteries kept up a slow, steady fire, which was increased as the Russians fired.
An attack had been expected this morning, and the Batteries were reinforced accordingly. As, however, the attack did not take place, the extra detachments were sent back to camp about 8 a.m.
In the evening, at the request of the French, a sharp fire was opened upon the low r batteries to the left of the Redan and under the Malakoff.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack—Wounded - Officers (Captain Arbuthnot)
Non-commissioned officers and men
Left Attack. — Wounded -
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen
99
Total -
1
1
2
Grand Total
6

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
169
'21th August.
According to orders, a fire was opened by the Batteries of both Attacks on the s:alient angle of the Redan.
The fire was very steady during the day from the Batteries of the Right Attack. The Left Attack kept up a sharper fire.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 3
Left Attack.— ,, „ ,, 2
Total 6
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Seamen - - - - - 1
Wounded - „. 2
Total - - :3
Grand Total 8
Return of Guns in Position, and Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Camp, 27th August 1853.
Nature of Ordnance.
i
1
Number of Pieces.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Right
Attack.
Left
Attack.
Total.
i
!
1
10-inch gun
4
3
1
1 7
48
48
68-pounder gun
2
3
0
609
609
8-ineh gun
17
27
44
219
219
32-pounder gun
10
40
50
503
1,173
13-inch mortar
18
15
33
115
158
10-
9
18
27
81
177
, 8- .,
6
4
10
266
266
* 5i- „
10
10
20
29
e 29
1 Lancaster ...
1
—
1
280
280
Total
77
120
137
—
—
(Signed)
J. St. George,
Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
Y

170
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fointtii Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Piltli
Bombardment
28 tli August.
A fire was kept up by the sea-service mortar, Right Attack, on the White Buildings nearest the Harbour ; a heavy fire was also kept up for some time on the salient of the Redan, which was very much damaged, and abandoned for a time by the enemy’s sharpshooters.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery : —
Left Attack.—Wounded - Gunners ------ 1
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen ----- 1
Total - - 2
Ordnance , SfC. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 10-inch gun disabled.
1 32-pounder gun.
No. XIV. Battery very much damaged.
One 08-pounder and slide lent to the French.
One 32-pounder mortar bed sent to Left Attack.
General Simpson to Loud Panmuke.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 28th August 1855.
««***-*
The Siege operations are progressing favourably ; but owing to the brightness of the nights, a large amount of work cannot be executed.
The raft bridge from the North side to the South shore has been completed, and is actually in use by the enemy ; and a considerable increase of troops, with a good deal of movement, is observable in the Town.
******
I have, &e.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
171
Return showing Armament, &c. of the Batteries.
Right Attack.
Camp, 28th August 1855.
No. of
Battery.
Nature of Guns.
Mortal's.
Total.
Number of Pieces manned
by the Royal Navy in
each Baltery.
Number of Pieces manned
by the Royal Artillery
in each Battery. I
Object fired at.
10-inch.
'd
P
a
0
a
»
32-pounder.
24-pounder.
9-pounder.
8-inch.
13-inch.
. 1
10-inch.
8-inch.
O
I. -
II.
III.
2
2
1
2
1
8
7
1
f Redan, Town, and Bar-
IV.
l rack batteries.
v -
VI. J
VIT.
9
-
2
—
2
Redan.
VIII.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
■'5
O
9
*
7
Malakoffand Redan.
IX.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
7
—
Malakoff.
X.
3
3
—
3
Ditto.
XI.
—
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
—
3
Ditto.
XII.
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
-
3
—
3
Redan and Town.
f Redan and Barrack
XIII.
—
4
—
_
4
■
4
[ battery.
XIV.
1
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
6
5
3
Redan and Town.
j Redan and Barrack
XV.
—
—
~
-
“™■
0
3
12
[ battery.
XVI.
4
8
12
—-
6
Redan.
XVII.
_
-
6
—
—
-
-
-
—
-
G
—
' 7
Low Works.
J Redan, Town, and
XVIII.
—
—
—
i
—
—
—
i
9
1 Malakoff.
XIX.
2
XX.
2
2
—
—
Low Works.
1
9-i
WU1
del'.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
--
3
2
13
-
-
14
18
9
6
10
75
19
56
(Signed) J. St. George,
Brigadier-General Dacres, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
V
•>
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855.
Fifth
Bombardment.

SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Foi ItTII
i'KKIOl).
J une—8cj)t. 1855 .
Return showing Armament, &c. of Batteries— continued . Left Attack.
Fitih
Bombardment.
Nature of Guns.
Mortars.
Ct
o u
c C « 2
G — es
c &
!< .
No. of
C» _
© Cl •
.2 >>
© ,— £» s 5.S
O ^
Object fired a - .
Battery.
u
Zt
U
o>
U
'o ^ «
G
a
c
J. .c ^
t. Js 'o
Zj
c
©
c
Oh
oo
o
a.
<M
o
a.
4>
©
G,
©
.£
©
G
ZJ
c
.5
’rt
©
„ X
E «
3 ©
£ > d
©
Ci
GO
CO
H
/Z,
j
I.
2
-
5
_
2
3
3
-
—
-
15
15
Redan.
ir. l
I
f Redan, Redan Wall,
hi. 1
5
< and Barrack bat-
IV.
>
L teries.
v
1
—
8
—
2
3
—
-
-
14
11
f Garden, Town, and
o
\ Flagstaff' batteries.
VI. J
VII.
_
6
9
8
8
f Barrack batterv and
\ Redan.
VIII.
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
—
8
Redan and Redan Wall.
IX.
-
o
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
4
4
—
Ditto.
X.
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
i
8
7
1
Flagstaff battery.
XI.
i
_
7
_
8
8
f Creek and Garden bat-
( teries.
XII.
4
4
4
f Garden and Town bat-
( teries.
XIII.
_
-
-
-
-
-
4
3
4
-
11
—
11
f Barrack battery and \ Redan.
XIV.
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
i
11
—
11
Redan, See.
XV.
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
i
12
—
12
fBarrack battery, Re- ( dan, and Redan Wall.
XVI.
-
-
i
-
-
-
-
-
i
8
—
8
Redan.
XVII.
-
_
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
G
—
6
Woronzoff Road.
3
i
3 .43
I
-
2
24
15
18
4
10
122
30
92
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) J. St. George, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
173
20 th August.
A fire was kept up by Nos. XVII. ami XY11I. Batteries, Right Attack, upon the guns on our left of the Malakoff which bore on the French trenches.
A few shots were fired occasionally at the salient of the lledan.
At about half past 12 o’clock last night a violent explosion took place in the French Right Attack, caused (it is believed) by one of the enemy’s shells rolling into the doorway of a magazine in the Battery situated in the parallel in front of the Mamelon. Several large pieces of timber thrown up by the explosion fell into No. XVIII. Battery, Right Attack.
The Imperial Guards, who were in the French trenches, and our Riflemen, next to them in the Ravine, suffered severely.
The Russians immediately afterwards opened a heavy fire on the spot from the Redan, which was replied to by the Batteries of our Left Attack.
Rockets were fired from the Left Attack into the Town.
A 13-inch mortar was mounted in No. I. Battery, Left Attack.
Joined the Naval Brigade this day-—
Lieutenant J. C. Byng.
Assistant-Surgeon D. Carter.
Fourth Period. Juue—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
(Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men - 2
Left Attack.—. - ,, „ - 1
Total - - 3
In the Naval Brigade :— ------- Nil.
Ordnance , 8$c. disabled.
Left Attack.—1 32-pounder gun disabled.
1 10-inch gun carriage disabled.
One 10-inch gun sent to Right Attack.
'M)th August.
The French on the Right being annoyed by a steady fire from the low Batteries, they were supported by Nos. VIII. and XVIII. Batteries, Right Attack. Our fire was kept up until that of the Russians ceased.
Shells and rockets were also fired into the Malakoff, the suburb, and Redan, bodies of troops having been observed moving up to those works.

174
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Gunners In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen
1
3
Total - - 4
One 8-inch gun taken into No. XXI. Battery, Right Attack.
One Lancaster gun (Naval), one 8-inch gun, and one 32-pounder (56 cwt.) were sent to the Right, Attack.
31s£ August.
A sortie took place last night upon a working party employed at the new approach in front of the right of the 5tli parallel, Right Attack.
A steady fire was kept up hy our Batteries, which w r as increased as the Russians fired.
Signals having been made that troops were entering the Redan, a fire was kept up on that work for some time hy the Batteries of both Attacks.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men - 2
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Seamen ----- - 1
Total - - 3
The following changes in officers of the Siege Train took place during the month, viz. :—Captain N. O. S. Turner, Adjutant of the Reserve Field Batteries, appointed Adjutant of the Left Attack Siege Train; and Captain W. J. Wilson, Adjutant of the Left Attack Siege Train, appointed Adjutant of the Reserve Field Batteries.
Captain R. Boyle having resigned the appointment of Adjutant to officer commanding the Field Batteries attached to the 3d Division, joined the Siege Train, and w T as posted to do duty with No. 4 Company, 3d Battalion, Right Attack.
Captain F. J. Soady, of No. 8 Company, 4th Battalion, Left Attack, appointed Staff Officer of Royal Artillery at Scutari.
Captain J. W. Milward, of No. 4 Company, 3d Battalion, Right Attack, posted to W Field Batteiw, on promotion.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 175
Assistant-Surgeon Chappie joined from the Army Medical Staff, and posted to do duty with the Siege Train at the Right Attack.
l.stf September.
The enemy at times kept up a brisk fire; they also fired a great deal of grape and gun shells from time to time. Their fire was replied to by our Batteries.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Non-commissioned officers and men 1 Left Attack. — ,, - ,, ,, 1
Total - - 2
In the Naval Brigade :— . ..Nil.
Ordnance , fyc. disabled.
Right Attack.—1 32-pounder gun carriage damaged.
Left Attack.— 1 10-inch mortar quoin broken.
G unheal Simpson to Loud 1’anmukk.
Mi - Loi:i>, Before Sebastopol, 1st September 1855.
The Siege operations during the past week have progressed slowly, the brightness of the nights rendering the work to be performed a task of great difficulty.
The head of the sap is now about 150 yards from the salient of the Redan, and the enemy interrupt the work by every means in their power.
On the night of the 28th a 13-inch shell fell into a magazine on the left face of the Mamelon, which exploded, causing some few casualties, hut in no wav interrupting the continuance of the fire.
On the night of the 30th ultimo, the Russian pickets made a rush at our advanced trench, and upset a few gabions. * * * * *
Great activity prevails on the part, of the garrison in making use of the new raft bridge across
the Harbour, and stores of all kinds are daily transported to the North side.
Large working parties are employed in throwing up works on the North side ; but as yet they are in too unfinished a state to judge of their exact nature.
From the information we continue to receive, it appears that the enemy is concentrating his force between the M‘Kenzie Heights and Fort Constantine ; and, although several minor changes of position have been made, no movement of importance has occurred to indicate a positive intention to attack.
All our accounts confirm the reports of the great losses of the enemy daily in Sebastopol, and that some discontent prevails in their ranks.
*#••*•* *•
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
Forma 1’ekiod. June—Sept. 1S55.
Fifth
Bombardment.

176
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth
Period.
'Id September.
A fire was directed by the Batteries of the Right Attack upon bodies of
Jane—Sept.
1855 .
Bombardment men at work near Fort Paul, as also at the landing-place and adjoining
buildings, with good effect.
Some carcasses which had been left in one of the trenches in rear of No. XVIII. Battery, Right Attack, caught fire; they were, however, soon extinguished by earth being thrown over them.
Very little firing to-day.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Officers (Lieutenant Price) -
„ Non-commissioned officers and men
1
•2
Total
3
Nil.
In the Naval Brigade
3 d September.
A sharp fire was kept up by the Batteries of the Right Attack on the Malakoff and adjoining works, the signal “ Troops entering Malakoff ” having been given.
The enemy kept up a heavy fire, which w as replied to with effect by our Batteries.
Rockets were fired from the Left Attack, by which a small magazine under the Malakoff was blown up.
Three 24-pounders sent to Right Attack.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack.—Wounded - Officers (Lieutenant Roberts)
,, Non-commissioned officers and men
Left Attack:—
1
1
1
Total
3
Ordnance, fyc. disabled.
Left Attack.— l 32-pounder gun disabled.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
177
4th September.
An attack was attempted upon the French sap in front of the Malakoff last night. A very heavy cannonade was kept up for some time upon the Malakoff and its adjoining batteries by the French and by our Right Attack. During the cannonade five shells burst at the muzzles of the guns in No. IX. Battery ; the fragments fell in Nos. XVIII. and XIX. Batteries, without doing any injury.
Not much firing on the part of the enemy.
Our fire during the day was chiefly directed at working parties in various places.
A small magazine near the Russian mortar battery below the Tower was blown up ; supposed to have been by a shell from the French Right Attack.
A fragment of a 13-inch shell from the Left Attack, after exploding in the Redan, fell in the Quarry.
In the Quarry Battery a rocket exploded as it was being fired, and hurst the tube, wounding a man of the Infantry.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery:—
Right Attack.—Killed - Gunners Wounded - „
1
2
Total
3
In the Naval Brigade :— -------- Nil.
Four 32-pounders sent to Right Attack.
One 68 pounder gun and one Lancaster sent to Left Attack.
z
POITRTH
Period.
J une—Sept. 1855 .
fifth
Bombardment.

178
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Fifth
Bombardment.
Return of Guns in Position, and Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar, in the Crimea, on
the 3d September 1855.
Number of Pieces.
Numher of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Batteries.
Number of Rounds per Gun and Mortar in the Crimea.
Nature of Ordnance.
Right
Attack,
Left
Attack.
Total.
10-inch gun
4
3
4
38
»
68-pounder gun - - -
2
3
0
609
609
8-incli gun - -
17
24
41
196
196
32-pounder gun ...
9
41
50
552
1,200
13-inch mortar - - -
18
16
34
129
254
10- „
9
18
27
118
303
8- - -
6
4
10
209
209
0-^"* jj
10
10
20
143
143
Lancaster gun
—
_
—
_
_
9-pounder gun
1
2
3
As
required.
—
Total
76
121
127
—
—
Brigadier-General Dacres,
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
(Signed) J. St. George, Lieut.-Col., Commanding Siege Train.
General Simpson to Lord Panmure.
(Extract.)
Mr Lord, Before Sebastopol, 4tli September 1855.
From the heavy fire maintained by the enemy on the head of our sap, the progress made has been slow. * * * * *
Within the last few days a second bridge has been commenced from the North shore to Karabelnaia, the object being evidently to expedite the removal of stores from the dockyard. ******
I have, &c.
(Signed) -James Simpson,
General Commanding.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
179
SIXTH AND FINAL BOMBARDMENT.
5th September.
Late yesterday evening Colonel St. George, commanding the Siege Train, received instructions ordering the Batteries to open this morning.
The fire was to be commenced steadily, and to be increased as the day progressed. It being intimated that the assault would he given on the 8th, the expenditure of ammunition was to he so regulated that sufficient should remain for a very heavy fire during the morning of the assault.
A Memorandum to that effect was sent to Captain Keppel, commanding the Naval Brigade.
During the preceding nights several 8-inch guns were withdrawn from the Batteries of both Attacks, and replaced by 32-pounders, 56 cwt., owing to the scarcity of the 8-inch ammunition.
On the application of General Sir R. Dacres, the “ Supply ” steamer was ordered by the Admiral to be loaded with 8-inch shot and shell (about 2,000 rounds) and sent round to Balaklava for the use of the Batteries.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Sixth and final Bombardment.
The following Note respecting the proposed assault was drawn up and signed by the principal Officers of Artillery and Engineers of both Armies :—
The undersigned having met in pursuance of the orders of the Generals-in-Chief, are of opinion that the labours of the Siege have reached such a point that the Assault should take place -without delay. The considerations on which they found their opinion are these:—
In the attack of the Town the works have remained for a long time stationary ; they cannot be pushed further without causing great loss.
Before the Redan the English have made some progress ; but the -works cannot be pushed further without great difficulties, which would entail serious impediments to the attack.
Before the front of the Malakoff the French artillery has attained a marked superiority over that of the place ; under its protection the approaches have arrived to about twenty-five yards of the place.
Before the Tower (the ground permitting the sap to be proceeded with) it is doubtless possible to get near enough to the ditch to blow in the counterscarp with a mine ; but it must be considered, on the one hand, the approaches could not be made without much loss, on the other, that it will require eight or ten days’ fire at least, which our Artillery could not sustain without exhausting its supply.
Before the Little Redan we are twenty-five metres from the ditch ; but are stopped here by the nature of the ground, which is so rocky that it is nearly impossible to advance.
The moment to give the Assault is then arrived at; and these are the dispositions which it appears ought to be adopted to give the greatest possible assurances of success to the decisive operations :
The principal attack should be directed on the works of the Malakoff ; if we succeed in scaling it and making a solid lodgment, the fall of the Karabelnaia suburb will be inevitable. The Russians
z 2

180
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Kept. 1855 .
Sixth and final Bombardment.
are constructing a second enceinte between the Malakoff and Little Redan. This enceinte, partly armed, but still incomplete, can be easily scaled on many points.
IVe suppose that the attack on the front of the Malakoff will be made by three columns. The first, sallying from the trenches nearest the Tower, will attack directly the Malakoff work. The second, leaving the trenches nearest the Little Redan, will scale that work, and will then turn the second enceinte. The third (that of the centre) will leave the 6th parallel, and arriving necessarily a little after the others, will march directly upon the curtain, and, after scaling it, will bear to the left, and attack the Malakoff, or previously the second enceinte, if the column on their right shall not already have turned it.
The object of the three columns will be to scale the Malakoff and the Little Redan, and the triangle which closes the two enceintes between these works, and to maintain the ground against all attempts of the enemy to retake it.
Such is the importance of the position that the enemy, no doubt, will make every effort to regain it; it is necessary, therefore, to preserve that separation of the enemy’s forces which results from the great extent of the fortifications of Sebastopol.
To this end, therefore, when the success of the attack on the Malakoff shall be certain, at an agreed signal the English will assault the Redan, and the French the works of the Town at the same time.
The assault of the Redan will be in three columns. That of the right will pass by the slope to the left of the ravine by Karabelnaia, that of the centre marching towards the salient, and that of the left by the right slope of the Great Ravine.
In each case the attack of the flank columns will remain dependent upon the effect produced by the English artillery on the Russian batteries which flank the slopes.
To avoid the obstacles which the enemy has accumulated at the salient of the Bastion du Mat, this bastion will not be directly attacked. The principal assault will be on the central bastion, between its salient and the lunette on its left. The column of assault on arriving at the terre- plein of the bastion will extend towards the left, to guard against the return of the enemy, who will come doubtless from the side of the Quarantine ; and when it shall be established in position, it will turn a part of its force to the right to turn the Bastion du Mat at the gorge by scaling the Garden Batteries.
Such are the dispositions which appear best calculated for every attack in the advanced state of the works, and in the disposition of the positions ; but it will be remembered that for the English attack upon the Redan, and above all the attack of the French upon the Town, the artillery, which has for a long time kept up only a moderate fire, is far from having produced its full effects. The undersigned think that the fire of the Batteries should be resumed with warmth for three days ; which will bring us to the moment when the supply of ammunition in the Batteries in front of the Malakoff will be nearly exhausted, and we shall find ourselves at the most favourable juncture for giving the assault.
It is important, then, that the day for giving the attack shall be fixed without delay ; in fact, the undersigned are unanimously of opinion that any delay in the attack will only diminish the chances of success ; and they propose to the Generals-in-Chief to give orders for resuming the cannonade with great vigour for three days, at the expiration of which the place will be assaulted, on the three points indicated, by day, but at an hour to be named hereafter.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
181
About 5 a.m. the French opened a terrific cannonade against the bastions Central and du Mat; a steady fire from the French Right Attack, and from our Batteries, being opened on the Malakoff and Redan.
The Malakoff was totally unable to reply; but the Redan, Redan Wall, Barrack, Garden and Crow’s-nest batteries replied with a still formidable fire.
The fire of No. XIV. Battery, Right Attack, was directed entirely against the left flank of the Redan.
Towards evening the fire of our guns was slackened, but the mortars kept up a well-sustained fire on the Russian works.
One of the Russian frigates moored across the Harbour was set on fire ; it is not certain whether from our works or from those of the French.
The flames illumined the sky, and lighted up the enemy’s works, into which the shells from our mortars were thrown with astonishing accuracy.
Nothing could exceed the correctness of the practice.
Great exertions were used to get more ammunition into the trenches.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack :—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men - 2
Wounded ,, ,, - 4
Total - - 6
One 32-pounder sent to Right Attack.
Qth September.
The fire continued as yesterday.
The Malakoff was completely silenced, and the fire from the other works very feeble.
Note.— L’attaque de gauche des travaux Francis se composait de 51 batteries et de 346 pieces,
ainsi reparties :—
Contre le Bastion du Mat - 19 Batteries - - 129 pieces.
Contre le Bastion Central - - - 19 Batteries - - 134 pieces.
Contre le Quarantine - - - 13 Batteries - - 83 pieces.
L’attaque de droite (Malakoff) comprenait 34 Batteries - - 267 pieces.
Les redoutes dites du 5 Nov. et Canrobert avaient 4 Batteries - 14 pieces.
L’armement total du cote de l’armee Franchise se composait done de 627 pieces, reparties dans 72 batteries. Toutes firent feu, a l’exception des redoutes dites du 5 Novembre et Canrobert (soit 14 pieces).
Fourth Period. .Tune—Sept. 1855.
Sixth and final Bombardment.

182
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Sixth and final Bombardment
The “ Supply ” arrived at Balaklava and commenced unloading.
The horses of the Horse Artillery and Field Batteries stationed in the plain were employed throughout the day and night in working up the railway trains with ammunition.
Large parties of the Line, mules from the Land Transport Corps, and the Field Battery men and horses, assisted in carrying the ammunition to the trenches.
No. XXII. Battery, Right Attack, was handed over to the Royal Artillery to receive its armament. Attempts were made during the night to mount three 68-pounders in it; hut, owing to the continued breaking of the rope, without success.
From the same cause we failed in mounting two 10-inch guns in the new embrasures added to the right of No. XIV. Battery.
These live guns were to have been directed against the left flank of the Redan.
Captain Snow, Royal Artillery, was killed this evening in No. XYI. Battery, Left Attack. He had come out from England with horses, and had volunteered to remain and serve in the trenches.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Left Attack -.—Killed - Officers (Captain Snow) - - - 1
Non-commissioned officers and men - 1
Wounded „ „ -8
Total - - 10
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Seamen - - - 1
Wounded - „ - - - - 10
Total - - 11
Grand Total - - 21
One 68-pounder and one 8-inch Lancaster gun sent to Right Attack. One 8-inch Lancaster gun sent to Left Attack.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
183
The following Companies of the Royal Artillery joined the Siege Train this day from England:—
No. 6. (Captain Vernon’s) Company, 3d Battalion.
2 Captains (Vernon, De Havilland).
2 Lieutenants (Nisbet, Be van).
13 Non-commissioned officers.
100 Gunners and drivers.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 118 Posted to Right Attack.
No. 1. (Captain Fisher’s) Company, 7th Battalion.
1 Captain (Fisher).
1 Lieutenant (Nangle).
12 Non-commissioned officers.
100 Gunners and drivers.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 118 Posted to Left Attack.
No. 6. (Captain Mackay’s) Company, 8th Battalion.
2 Captains (Mackay, Rotton).
2 Lieutenants (Johnson, Ferrall).
13 Non-commissioned officers.
101 Gunners and drivers.
1 Trumpeter.
Total - 119 Posted to Left Attack.
No. 1. (Major Hon. W. Yelverton’s) Company, 9th Battalion.
2 Captains (Yelverton, Hardy).
2 Lieutenants (Griffin, Nicholls).
13 Non-commissioned officers.
100 Gunners and drivers.
1 Trumpeter.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Sixth and final Bombardment.
Total
118 Posted to Right Attack.

184
SIEGE OF, SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. Jnne—Sept. 1855 .
Sixth and final Bombardment.
1th September.
The bombardment continued along the whole front; the flanks of the Redan still replying.
The Russian defences very much damaged. The rifle fire kept up all night upon them, totally prevented any attempts to repair them.
The enemy evidently much distressed.
The two 10-inch guns in No. XIV. Battery, Right Attack, were given over to the Naval Brigade, who manned the Batteries on each side of them.
The Artillery horses were again employed upon the railway, and were also attached to waggons borrowed from the Land Transport Corps; and besides these, Colonel M‘Murdo ordered every waggon, cart and horse that could be spared to work throughout the whole night in bringing the cargo of the “ Supply” to the trenches.
Several cartloads of ammunition were taken into the Right Attack after daylight ; and, though fired upon by the enemy, escaped without a casualty.
On this, as upon every other occasion when his assistance was asked, Colonel M'Murdo placed all the means of transport he had disposable at the service of the Siege Train, and rendered the most important assistance.
Again fruitless attempts were made to arm Nos. XXII. and XIV. Batteries.
Only one gun was mounted in No. XXII. Battery.
Note. —The failure to mount the guns in Nos. XIV. and XXII. Batteries at this critical period was peculiarly unfortunate, and has been much animadverted upon. An account of the causes which led to this failure is therefore given.
No. XXII. Battery, commenced on the 28tli August, was handed over to tho Royal Artillery on the 6th September ; in it were to be mounted three 68-pounders, 95 cwt.
Two additional embrasures had been made in No. XIV. Battery, in which two 10-inch 85 cwt. guns were to be placed.
The whole of these guns should have been mounted by the Royal Artillery during the night of the 6th-7th September, so as to open fire upon the left flank of the Redan on the morning of the 7th, which being kept up during the day, and the morning of the 8th, it was considered would reduce the fire of the flank.
The whole of the night 6tli-7th was spent in unsuccessful attempts to mount the guns, owing to the continued breaking of the guys and falls.
The whole of the rope in the depots was of a similar description to that which had been used, old and worn, and there being none to be procured of the required description, viz., 24-inch white rope, in any of the Government stores, application was made to the Fleet ; and in the evening an orderly arrived at the Right Siege Train Depot with a coil of rope, which being 21-inch tarred rope was perfectly useless, as it would not run through the sheaves. It was then too late to endeavour to get new blocks, and nothing was left but to renew the attempts with old rope.
The most intelligent Non-commissioned Officers were’ chosen for the duty, but despite the most anxious and untiring exertions onljr one gun in No. XXII. Battery was mounted.
Several times were the guns got within a few inches of their trunnion holes when the rope gave way. The rope was frequently spliced, and not till past daylight was the task abandoned.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
185
Joined the Naval Brigade this day—
Assistant-Surgeon E. H. Evans.
Casualties.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Sixth and final llombardment.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack :—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 1
Wounded „ ,, i2
Left Attack :— „ „ ,, 5
Total - - 8
In the Naval Brigade :—
Wounded - Seamen - 5
Grand Total - - 13
Ordnance , Sfc. disabled.
Right Attack.—The trail of an 8-inch gun carriage broken. Siege carriages, 8-inch, sent to the Left Attack.
The Naval Brigade having the rest of No. XIV. Battery, the two guns in that Battery to be mounted were given over to them. Their attempts were equally unsuccessful.
The proposed direction of one column of assault on the Redan has been stated by the General Officer commanding (General Windham, C.B.) to have been altered in consequence of the nonarmament of the above-mentioned Batteries.
The column alluded to, it was proposed should attack the left face of the Redan, which for many reasons was deemed highly desirable ; but the desire was over-ruled, as it was considered that the existence of the three carronades in the flank was fatal to that project.
Whether three guns could effectually stop the rush of a determined column of Infantry whilst passing a space of 160 to 200 yards and advancing on the guns may be doubted ; but at all events it would appear from a close consideration of the position that a column of assault attacking the right face and the salient would not only be exposed to a similar fire from the right flank, but would in addition suffer from that of the Crow’s-nest and Garden batteries, and several guns in batteries behind the Bastion du Mat.
Whatever blame may be due for this affair must attach to the Siege Train ; but in justice to a service which laboured under and overcame difficulties of no ordinary description during a period of eleven months, and whose sole absolute failure this was, no more important results should be attributed to the circumstance than those which legitimately flow from it.
This failure enforces a lesson which cannot be too much dwelt upon,—how necessary it is to attend to all the minor details of equipments. Some of the greatest difficulties, and the only failure, of the Siege Train were caused by the want of the simplest materials.
A A

IS 6
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fomm Pekiod. June—Sept. 1855 .
Capture of the Place.
8 tli September.
This morning all the Batteries were opened (Nos. VII., VIII., and XIV. Batteries, Left Attack, had not hitherto fired during this bombardment) ; their fire was to be increased till 11 o’clock, and then to be continued as heavily as possible up to the moment of the assault, when the guns were to cease firing at the Redan, but the mortar fire was to be continued, the range being increased so as to throw the shells into the rear of the work against the Russian columns coming to its succour.
The Quarry Battery was to continue to play down the Karabelnaia suburb upon the Russian reserves for the MalakofF.
Carts drawn by horses of the Royal Horse Artillery and Field Batteries continued during the entire day conveying ammunition to the Batteries of both Attacks, under a severe fire.
During the morning the most vigorous and continued fire was kept up against the Malakoff, Redan, and its flanks; the fire of the latter was still unsubdued.
At a quarter before 12 o’clock the Commander-in-Chief arrived at the spot he had appointed for witnessing the assault, viz., the left of No. I. Battery, Left Attack ; he was accompanied by the Head Quarter Staff - . Sir Richard Dacres, Commanding Royal Artillery, with his Staff arrived about the same time ; and was met by Colonel St. George, Commanding the Siege Train, and liis Staff".
Sir H. Jones, Commanding Royal Engineer, who was suffering from severe illness, was carried in a litter to the trenches, where his Staff w T ere in attendance.
At a few minutes before 12 o’clock the French rushed from their trenches in front of the Malakoff into that work, which they at once possessed themselves of, and, pouring a continuous stream of men into it, they secured its possession. The signal for the assault of the Redan was then given.
The fire of the guns of both the British Attacks which bore upon the Redan was discontinued, but kept up heavily against its flanking works ; the range of the mortars w r as increased, and the shells were thrown rapidly into the gorge of the work; this was continued during the time the British held possession of the salient.
On the assaulting columns being compelled to retire, the whole of the Batteries were re-opened against the Redan ; which work did not reply, all its guns having been spiked on the approach of the stormers.
The Russians placed a small field-piece on the salient, which w r as at once knocked over.
Soon afterwards General Sir W. Codrington, who had the direction of the assault, sent an order to the Batteries of the Right Attack to cease firing

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
187
against the Redan, as the French were entering it by the rear ; the firing was consequently suspended. The message being conveyed to General Simpson, he gave directions that the firing of the Left Attack should cease ; and it was not resumed from that Attack during the remainder of the day.
Captain Keppel, Royal Navy, Commanding Naval Brigade, who happened to be at the time in the Right Attack, perceiving the error, directed the guns under his orders to re-open. Captain Campbell, Commanding Royal Artillery, gave similar directions.
No. XVII. (commonly called the Quarry) Battery, rendered the most invaluable service to the French in checking the advance of the Russian supports passing the Karabelnaia suburb to the Malakoff; the left guns of this Battery not bearing as directly as the others on the advance of the columns, the gunners were ordered to tear away the gabions from the sides of the embrasures, so that the whole seven guns might he brought to bear.
The terrible effect of these guns was shown by the heaps of dead men and horses, and two or three broken gun limbers, lying next day in the streets of the suburb.
The French acknowledged most warmly the services thus rendered them. Captain Burt, Royal Artillery, was in command of the Battery throughout the day. Major H. F. Strange, Royal Artillery, was present as a volunteer.
The services of the spiking party under Captain Gronow Davis, Royal Artillery (a volunteer), were not called for. The party remained under a murderous fire until the troops retired from the Redan, at the head of the advanced sap, and suffered heavy loss.
Captain Davis availed himself of his position to give his assistance in carrying in wounded officers arid men both during and after the assault. His coolness and gallantry on the occasion are testified to by officers witnesses of his conduct, in terms of the highest admiration. He has received for this service the Victoria Cross.
Our casualties this day, though heavy, were not such as might have been expected from the quantity of the Russian fire, which burst forth at times with violence, hut was ill-directed and ill-sustained.*
We had, however, to lament the loss of two officers.
Captain Fitzroy, Royal Artillery, after being relieved, walking home from the 2d to the 1st parallel, Left Attack, was struck on the spine by a musket ball; he was mortally wounded, and expired on the 10th September. His conduct had been brought under the notice of the Commander-in-Chief for
* During the last portion of the Siege it had become apparent either that the Russians had lost their best gunners and sailors, or that they were unable to stand to their guns under the heavy fire of the Allies, as their practice was at times extremely bad.
Fourth Period. J une—Sept 1855 .
Capture of the Place
A A 2

188
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Fourth Period. June—Sept 1855 .
Capture of the Place.
his gallantry on the 17th August; it was again conspicuous this day in clearing out an embrasure of an advanced Battery under a heavy rifle fire.
Deputy-Assistant Commissary Hayter, of the Field Train Department, was killed in No. XIV. Battery, Right Attack, whilst serving at a gun as a volunteer, most of the detachment having been disabled.
This officer had served throughout the Siege without intermission ; his usefulness, his zeal and devotion to the service, have been testified to by all his Commanding officers.
Lieut. Champion, Royal Artillery, was also severely wounded.
Casualties.
In the Royal Artillery :—
Right Attack:—Killed - Officers (Dep.-Asst. Com. Hayter) 1
Non-commissioned officers and men 2 Wounded - Officers (Lieutenant Tyler) - 1
Non-commissioned officers and men 15
Total - - 19
Left Attack :—Killed - Non-commissioned officers and men 3
Wounded - Officers (Captain Fitzroy, Lieutenant
Champion) - - - 2
Non-commissioned officers and men 17
Total - - 22
In the Naval Brigade :—
Killed - Seamen - - - - 4
Wounded - Officers (Mr. G. Sinclair, Mate, and
Assistant-Surgeon Reynolds) - 2
Seamen - - - - 13
Total
-
19
Grand Total
60
The Royal Horse Artillery, Field Batteries, and Land Transpoi't Corps were again set at work to replenish the Batteries, to support the assault on the Redan ordered for daylight next morning; but the Russians evacuating the Town during the night, the labour ceased.
At daylight the Russians being seen on the bridge, a few shells were thrown from No. XVII. Battery; but the great range prevented their being of much annoyance to the enemy.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
189
A few men were placed upon the magazines, and the remaining gunners and sailors were withdrawn from the trenches. Their labours were at an end.
On Tuesday evening, the 11th September, a Battery was commenced to the right front of St. Paul’s Fort, on the edge of the water with the intention of firing at seven Russian steamers which, headed by the “ St. Vladimir,” had anchored in the stream.
On Wednesday, the 12th, the “Vladimir” got her steam up, and as it was thought just possible that she might be meditating an attempt at escape, permission was obtained to fire at her.
Two 8-inch guns were dragged down from the Redan to the Esplanade in front of the White Buildings; one was manned by the Royal Artillery, the other by the Naval Brigade.
Some difficulty was experienced in unspiking these guns, and there were no tangent scales attached to them ; however, after two or three trial shots one gun hulled the steamer four times, and the other twice, the darkness compelling us to desist.
The steamer replied without effect.
The construction of the Battery was continued at night by the sailors ; hut the following morning the whole of the steamers having been burnt to the water’s edge and sunk, the work was discontinued.
Fourth Period. June—Sept. 1855 .
Capture of the Place.
The labours of the Naval Brigade and Siege Train being ended, the former embarked on board their respective ships, on which occasion the Commander- in-Chief issued the following Order :—
General Order.
Head Quarters, Sebastopol,
(Extract. ) 17th September 1855.
“No. 1. The services for which the Naval Brigade was attached to this “ Army having been completed by the fall of Sebastopol, the Force has been “ ordered to rejoin the Fleet.
“ The Commander of the Forces heartily thanks the officers, petty-officers, “ and seamen for the very efficient services they have rendered in the “ Batteries, and on all occasions when their aid against the enemy was “ required ; and he has to notice the patience and courage with which, side by “ side with the soldiers of this Army, they have endured the dangers and “ hardships of nearly a year’s duty in the trenches.

190
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
“ General Simpson cordially acknowledges the obligations he is under to “ Rear Admiral Sir Stephen Lushington, K.C.B., who so ably commanded “ the Brigade from its formation until his removal by promotion to a higher “ rank ; and to Captain Hon. H. Keppel, R.N., who succeeded him, and “ retained the command until the conclusion of this ever-memorable “ Siege.
“ By order.
“ (Signed) H. W. Barnard,.
“ Chief of the Staff.”
The Siege Train was broken up, and 2,000 men were detached toBalaklava Heights.
A large number of gunners were drafted from the Siege Train to the Field Batteries, to fill up casualties and to replace weak and sickly men.
Twelve strong Companies were made up ; and the remaining 17 Companies, in all about 1,000 men and 24 officers, sailed for England in the “ Imperatriz ” on the 16th February 1856.
General Simpson to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 8tli September 18.55.
Ax daylight on the 5th instant the Batteries of the Allied Armies opened a steady and continuous fire against the enemy’s works.
During the night one of the vessels, supposed to be a frigate, stationed on the North side of the Harbour, was set on fire, by it is believed a shell from a French battery in the Right Attack.
The firing during the 6th, 7th, and up to the present moment, has continued uninterrupted, and but feebly responded to by the Russians.
Another frigate was discovered yesterday afternoon to be on fire, and has been entirely destroyed. From the length of time it continued burning it is supposed to have contained stores.
About 11 o’clock last night a heavy explosion took place, but I have not as yet been able to ascertain in which part of the enemy’s works. * * *
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.
General Simpson to Lord Panmure.
My Lord, Before Sebastopol, 9th September 1855.
I had the honour to apprize your Lordship, in my despatch of the 4th instant, that the Engineer and Artillery officers of the Allied Armies had laid before General Pelissier and myself a report recommending that the assault should be given on the 8th instant, after a heavy fire had been kept up for three days.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
191
This arrangement I agreed to; and I have to congratulate your Lordship on the glorious results of the attack of yesterday, which has ended in the possession of the Town, Dockyards, and Public Buildings, and destruction of the last Ships of the Russian Fleet in the Black Sea.
Three steamers alone remain, and the capture or sinking of these must speedily follow.
It was arranged that at 12 o’clock in the day the French columns of assault were to leave their trenches, and take possession of the Malakoff and adjacent works. After their success had been assured, and they were fairly established, the Redan was to be assaulted by the English; the Bastion Central, and Quarantine Forts on the Left, were simultaneously to be attacked by the French.
At the hour appointed, our Allies quitted their defences, entered and carried the apparently impregnable defences of the Malakoff with that impetuous valour which characterizes the French attack; and, having once obtained possession, they were never dislodged.
The tricolour planted on the parapet was the signal for our troops to advance.
* * * * *
The fire of our Artillery having made as much of a breach as possible in the salient of the Redan, I decided that the columns of assault should be directed against that part, as being less exposed to the heavy flanking fire by which this work is protected.
*****
They left the trenches at the preconcerted signal, and moved across the ground, preceded by a covering party of 200 men, and a ladder party of 320. On arriving at the crest of the ditch, and the ladders placed, the men immediately stormed the parapet of the Redan, and penetrated into the salient angle. A most determined and bloody contest was here maintained for nearly an hour, and, although supported to the utmost, and the greatest
bravery displayed, it was found impossible to maintain the position.
# ^ # #
About eleven o’clock the enemy commenced exploding their magazines.
*****
The evacuation of the Town by the enemy was made manifest during the night. Great fires appeared in every part, accompanied by large explosions, under the cover of which the enemy succeeded in withdrawing their troops to the North side by means of the raft bridge recently constructed, and which they afterwards disconnected and conveyed to the other side.
Their men-of-war were all sunk during the night.
The boisterous weather rendered it altogether impossible for the Admirals to fulfil their intention of bringing the broadsides of the Allied Fleets to bear

192
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
upon the Quarantine batteries; but an excellent effect was produced by the animated and well-directed fire of their mortar vessels, those of Her Majesty being under the direction of Captain Wilcox, of the “ Odin,” and Captain Digby, of the Royal Marine Artillery.
It now becomes my pleasing duty, my Lord, to place on record the high sense I entertain of the conduct of this Army since I have had the honour to command it.
* * * # *
The Naval Brigade, under the command of Captain the Hon. Henry Keppel, aided by Captain Moorsom, and many gallant officers and seamen who have served the guns from the commencement of the Siege, merit my warmest thanks.
The prompt, hearty, and efficacious co-operation of Her Majesty’s Navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons, and ably seconded by Sir Houston Stewart, has contributed most materially to the success of our undertaking; and here, perhaps, I may he permitted to say that, if it had pleased God that the successful result of this memorable Siege should have been reported by my ever to he lamented predecessor in this command, I am sure that it would have been one of his most pleasing duties to express the deep sense which I know he entertained of the invaluable assistance and counsel he received on all occasions from Sir Edmund Lyons. When at times affairs looked gloomy and success doubtful, he was at hand to cheer and encourage ; and every assistance that could tend to advance the operations was given with the hearty goodwill which characterizes the British sailor.
Nothing has contributed more to the success of the present undertaking than the cordial co-operation which has so happily existed from the first between the two services.
# # #
My warmest thanks are due to the officers and soldiers of the Royal Artillery under the command of Major-General Sir R. Dacres, who, during the arduous operations of this protracted Siege, have so mainly contributed to its ultimate success.
#
I have, &c.
(Signed) James Simpson,
General Commanding.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
193
The Hon. Captain Keppel, R.N., to Sir Edmund Lyons.
Royal Naval Brigade,
Sir, Before Sebastopol, 9th September 1855.
I have the honour to inform you that, in pursuance of instructions, a vigorous fire was opened from the Batteries at 6 o’clock on the morning of the 7th, and was maintained throughout the day; the fire was recommenced yesterday morning with increased vigour, preparatory to an assault to be made by our Allies on the MalakofF, and subsequently by ourselves on the Redan.
2. At noon the French were observed to start en masse from their trenches, and possess themselves in gallant style of the Malakoff Battery, on which the tricolour flag was hoisted and the Imperial eagles planted within ten minutes of their quitting their trenches.
3. The French flag was no sooner displayed on the Malakoff than our storming party issued from their trenches and assailed the salient angle of the Redan; but the enemy were by that time prepared to meet them, and as the supporting party advanced, a heavy fire of grape and canister was opened on them, in spite of a brisk fire kept up from our Batteries on all parts of the Redan not assailed, as well as on the flanking batteries.
4. After maintaining the footing they had gained for some time, our troops were obliged to retire, the killed and wounded left on the ground sufficiently testifying how gallantly they had fought.
5. The fire from our Batteries was kept up until dark, and at about 11 o’clock the enemy evacuated the Redan, after having fired a train that exploded the magazines.
0. This morning’s light showed how successful and complete had been the victory gained by the Allied forces.
7. The enemy had evacuated all their positions on the South side of the Harbour; the Town, Fort Nicolai, Fort Paul, and Dockyard, were in flames, and their line-of-battle ships had been sunk in the positions they were last seen in when at anchor.
8. The conduct of the officers and men of the Brigade under my command has been such as to continue to merit the high opinion you have been pleased to express of them.
^ % iff #
I have, &c.
(Signed) Henry Keppel,
Captain, Commanding Royal Naval Brigade.
B B

194
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Sir Edmund Lyons to the Secretary of the Admiralty.
“ Royal Albert,” off Sebastopol,
Sir, 10th September 1855.
Of the operations on shore which have produced the successful result of the singular and memorable Siege of Sebastopol, Her Majesty’s Government will be informed by General Simpson; hut it is my duty to report to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty what has taken place afloat and on the seaboard under my own observation.
It had been arranged by Generals Simpson and Pelissier, Admiral Bruat, and myself, that precisely at noon, on the 8th instant, the Allied Fleets should open fire upon the Quarantine batteries that enfiladed the approach of the assaulting columns ; hut unfortunately the weather, which had been fine for some days, changed on the morning of the attack, and a north-west gale and heavy sea rendered it impossible for any vessels to act upon batteries situated on the lee-shore of this exposed roadstead. It will, however, appear by the enclosed reports from Captain Wilcox, of the “ Odin,” and Captain Digby, of the Royal Marine Artillery (whom, as well as the junior officers mentioned by them, I beg leave particularly to recommend to the favourable consideration of their Lordships), that the mortar vessels attached to the Fleets kept up a very effective fire from their position in the Bay of Strelitzka.
As the day closed, things in the Harbour seemed to he in the same state as they were in the morning ; hut during the night several heavy explosions were heard, and at dawn we observed that the fortifications on the South side were in flames, and that the six remaining ships-of-the-line had been sunk at their moorings; leaving afloat no more of the late Russian Black Sea Fleet than two dismasted corvettes and nine steamers, most of which are very small.
Soon afterwards the enemy were seen retreating across the newly- constructed bridge, until the South side of the Harbour, on which the Naval and Military Arsenals, the Public Buildings, and the Town of Sebastopol are situated, appeared to be completely evacuated, and then the southern portion of the bridge was hauled over to the North shore.
It is now my pleasing duty to render justice to the admirable conduct of all whom I have had the honour and happiness to command during the last nine months of this arduous struggle, and whose duties I shared in before; for although, with the exception of the Naval Brigade in the camp, whose gallant hearing from the beginning, under the command of Sir Stephen Lushington, has been beyond all praise, and never more so than during the last two bombardments, under the command of the Honourable Captain Keppel, it has not fallen to the lot of the Navy, on this occasion, to perform distinguished

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
195
deeds of arms such as those of their gallant brethren in the Army; still, whilst straining every nerve, night and day, under very trying circumstances, to supply the means for carrying on the Siege, in the glory of which they could not share, the generous cheer of encouragement, unalloyed by envy, has always been heartily given in the day of triumph; nor have sympathy and assistance ever been wanting in the hour of distress and suffering. The same sentiments have pervaded all ranks—captains, officers, seamen, and marines, all agreeing with each other in following, as I believe I have said once before, the excellent example set them by my able second in command and coadjutor, Rear-Admiral Houston Stewart.
Perhaps in closing this letter I may be permitted to indulge in the expression of the gratification I feel in reflecting that, under all the circumstances to which it relates, my gallant colleague, Vice-Admiral Bruat, and I, have gone hand in hand together, and that the most perfect understanding and hearty co-operation in the great cause of humanity in which we are all engaged, have invariably prevailed throughout both Fleets.
I am, &c.
(Signed) Edmund Lyons, Rear-Admiral, and Commander-in-Chief.
Lieut.-Colonel St. George to Sir Richard Dacres.
Siege Train Office,
Sir, Sebastopol, 12th September 1855.
The Sixth Bombardment of Sebastopol, which commenced on the 5th instant and lasted until the 8th, having successfully terminated in the occupation of the place by the Allies, it becomes my duty, at the close of this long and arduous Siege, to lay before you the names of a few of the many who have distinguished themselves during the time I have had the honour to command the Siege Train of this Army.
From Captain Campbell, commanding the Artillery of the Right Attack, who has served in the Batteries through five Bombardments and exercised his present command in three of them, I have always received the greatest assistance; and the admirable arrangements and indefatigable exertions of Lieut.-Colonel Barker, C.B., commanding the Left Attack, entitle him to the highest commendation. He has represented to me the able and zealous aid he has received throughout from his Adjutant, Captain N. O. S. Turner.
Among those whose gallant conduct has been perhaps most conspicuous, I beg leave to mention the names of Major Strange (who has served in the Siege from the opening of the trenches to the last hour of the attack), of
b b 2

196
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Captain Arbuthnot (who has been twice severely wounded), of Captain Philip Dickson (who has served throughout the Siege), of Captains Broughton, Hastings, Clifford, and Williams; and of Lieutenants Ward, Rideout, and C. O. Brown; all of whom have displayed a coolness and zeal which cannot he overlooked. »
In a Siege of so long duration, where every officer in his turn had frequent opportunities of distinguishing himself, which were never neglected, it is almost impossible to point out the most deserving.
I cannot speak too highly in praise of Captain Reilly, my Brigade Major. Until the termination of the Siege, he continued the only Staff Officer of this large and responsible command; and his able performance of his various and difficult duties has already, I know, received from you the warm approval it deserved.
I had the pleasure, on the 22d August, of representing the gallant conduct of Captains Fitzroy, Hawkins, and W. J. Bolton on a former occasion; on which representation the Commander of the Forces made a Minute that these officers should not be forgotten. I deeply regret to add that one of them, Captain Fitzroy, was mortally wounded in the Batteries on the 8th instant, and died yesterday.
Captain Davis, with 20 men, volunteered to accompany the storming party on the 8th instant with spikes, but as the Infantry did not enter the Redan en masse, his services were not lx-quired. He remained at the head of the advanced sap, where five of bis party were wounded.
I have to thank Major Alexander, Royal Marine Artillery, who with his detachment joined the Siege Train in June, for his zealous assistance in the duties of the Siege.
I have much pleasure in calling your notice to the untiring zeal and energy of Deputy Assistant Commissaries Hayter and Yellon in conducting the onerous duties of their branch of the service. The former officer, who was a most valuable public servant, was, I regret to say, killed in the Batteries on the 8th instant.
The Medical Depai-tment of the Siege Train, under the able and cai*eful supervision of Surgeon Bent at the Right Attack, and Surgeon Fogo at the Left, assisted by their juniors (of whom I would especially mention Assistant- Surgeon Taylor) has been such as to give me the greatest satisfaction. The air of comfort in their Hospitals, and the happy appearance of their patients, are sufficient proof of their admirable arrangements and unceasing attention.
In conclusion, I have the greatest satisfaction in representing the manner in which every officer, non-commissioned officer, and gunner under my command, have made themselves remarkable during the Siege for bravery, discipline, and endurance. The state of the enemy’s works, and the ruin of the City, show the precision and the vigour with which the fire was main-

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 197
tained by them, the effect of which has undoubtedly been to compel the evacuation by the enemy of a place no longer tenable.
I have, &c.
(Signed) J. St. George,
Lieut.-Colonel, Royal Artillery,
Commanding Siege Train.
Major-General Sir Richard Dacres to General Simpson.
Head Quarters, Royal Artillery,
Sir, Camp, Sebastopol, 14th September 1855.
With the successful close of the Siege, it becomes my duty to bring to your notice the share borne by the Royal Artillery in operations protracted to an unparalleled extent amidst extreme difficulty and hardship.
Notwithstanding the great and frequent obstacles to maintaining a constant supply of ammunition in the Batteries, uith roads almost impassable for weeks together, and with very precarious and insufficient transport, there has been no instance in which the Commander-in-Chief has required the Artillery to act where they have been found unprepared; and at the close of each Bombardment they have always possessed the means of continuing the fire.
The officers and men of the Siege Train have shown unfailing zeal and cheerfulness in their arduous duties of arming the Batteries, frequently under circumstances of great difficulty, and of directing and serving the guns.
The ruined state of the enemy’s works, and the silencing of their guns, have frequently testified to the excellence of our Artillery practice; of which the number of dismounted ordnance found in the captured works opposed to us, affords another convincing proof.
Our fire has on several occasions rendered important assistance to the' Allies, which their chiefs have always warmly acknowledged.
The state of the parapet of the Redan, which presents throughout one battered and ruined slope from the interior crest to the foot of the counterscarp, is a remarkable instance of the effect of a well-directed fire against strong earthworks.
I have had frequently to lament the loss of valuable officers; among whom I wish to particularize the late Captain Oldfield, who was most zealous and indefatigable in his services, in the Left Attack.
The great duration of the Siege operations, and the number of officers who have come under my notice, forbids me to specify all whom I could wish; and besides the names of some who had served a considerable period before Colonel St. George took command of the Siege Train, I will only add to the enclosed report from that officer, that while some who have served through

198
. SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
the entire period have necessarily exercised their duties under circumstances of unusual hardship, all have shown the greatest zeal and ardour.
The ai'rival of reinforcements from time to time, up to the last day’s fire, of course causes great disparity in the amount of service rendered by different Officers and Companies ; and the earlier period involved much greater toil and endurance than the last few months.
These circumstances I have carefully distinguished in a detailed report to the Adjutant-General of Artillery; but I wish to particularize the following Officers, who have served with great assiduity throughout the Siege :— Captains Hope, Lukin, W. J. Bolton, and Owen ; Lieutenants Ruck-Kecne, Alderson, and Tillard.
From Lieut.-Colonel St. George, commanding the Siege Train, and his Brigade Major, I have received the greatest assistance in carrying out the operations of the Siege.
The duties of the Artillery Staff have, of course, been constant, arduous, and important. From Lieut.-Colonel Adye, Assistant Adjutant-General, 1 have received every assistance that zeal and energy could offer. Captain Field came out with the Army in 1854, but from ill health was obliged to leave it, and joined me in January 1855; since when he has performed the duties of Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General, which have been very onerous, assisted by Majors Fortescue and Gage, very much to my satisfaction.
To my personal Staff, Majors Ilamley and Gordon, I am much indebted for the assistance which they have at all times rendered me by their activity and professional knowledge.
The numerous sick and wounded of the Siege Train have been attended to with a degree of skill and interest which I have never seen exceeded, and which has given me particular satisfaction.
The state of comfort and order in which Surgeon Bent, who superintends the Medical Department in the Right Attack, and Surgeon Fogo, of the Left, assisted by Assistant-Surgeon Taylor (who has served in the trenches through the whole Siege, and whose gallantry was most conspicuous, as well as his skill), have, by their judicious arrangements, kept their Hospitals during the greatest pressure of casualties from the enemy’s fire, and epidemic cases, has frequently called for my thanks and approbation, and I beg to recommend these officers to your notice. The whole Medical Department has been, since his promotion, under the charge of Surgeon Elliott, who previously had charge of the Left Attack, and his efforts at all times to provide comforts, and his attention to the sick and wounded, were unremitting.
The Field Batteries have at all times rendered me important assistance in the conduct of the Siege in conveying guns and ammunition to the trenches, on many occasions under a heavy fire, and officers and gunners supplied by

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS. 199
this portion of the force have frequently done good service on emergencies during the different bombardments.
I have this moment received two notes from General Officers Windham and Straubenzee, mentioning the gallantry of Captain Williams during the attack on the Redan on the 8th instant, when he was acting as Aide-de-Camp to the latter; it was equally conspicuous on the 18th June, when he commanded the spiking party. I have great pleasure in bringing it to your notice.
I will merely add, that to the whole of the very large proportion of the corps I have the honour to command, my best thanks, frequently expressed to them before, are again due, for the good, zealous, and intelligent services which, conspicuous throughout this trying period, have contributed to the great result a share which will form a most memorable page in the annals of the Royal Artillery.
I have, &c.
(Signed) R. J. Dacres,
Major-General.
Thus terminated the Siege of Sebastopol; which stands w ithout a parallel in history, and probably ever will remain unique in the annals of war; not, however, on account of its duration, but for the extraordinary development of the attack and the defence.
The position of the Russians extended for nearly 15 miles.
The besiegers’ trenches were 52 miles in length; they comprised 109 Batteries, armed with 806 pieces.
The expenditure of ammunition, nearly 1,500,000 rounds, was measured by 1,000 tons a day, and even in the most advanced Batteries were placed guns and mortars of a calibre seldom before used in a Siege.
The trenches were open 334 days; the Batteries, 327 days.
The lengthened resistance offered to the vast efforts of the besiegers has been attributed chiefly to the place being defended by earth-works, which it is represented the fire of the Allies was unable to destroy; but to other causes than this is really due the protracted defence of the place.
At the commencement of the Siege we had undervalued the powers of defence and the resources of the enemy, and had entered on the attack with insufficient means. Our first armament expended, the error had to be rectified by supplies brought from distant arsenals. The resources of the Russians were on the spot. The delay was highly favourable to them.
For the Second Bombardment a very heavy armament w r as prepared, and was landed at Balaklava towards the end of November.
But by this time bad weather had set in. There w as great sickness in the Camps. The paucity of efficient men prevented the Siege Equipment being

200
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
got up to the Front, and prevented the construction of new Batteries or the repair of the old.
At no period of the Siege had the gunners three reliefs, though the guns were always worked with the lowest possible numbers. For several days running the men of the Royal Artillery were in the trenches 16 hours out of the 24.
The sailors of the Naval Brigade, being continually recruited from the Fleet, were enabled to have three reliefs.
But the evils resulting from a continued scarcity of non-commissioned officers and men, however severely felt, were only secondary, and were mitigated by the increased exertions and untiring devotion of those wlio were present.
Throughout the Siege the great difficulties with which the Royal Artillery had to contend arose from the want of an adequate system of transport.
The subject of transport (which is discussed in the Appendix, where the views of several officers are stated,) is one which requires the most serious consideration, with reference to future expeditions. Without an abundant supply of transport, the operations of a Siege Train are paralyzed.
When the Siege Equipment destined for the Second Bombardment had been landed, our means of transport, always small and precarious, were almost utterly extinct.
In the month of April, and not before, our second armament was complete. It might, indeed, have been adequate to silence the enemy’s Batteries as they existed on the 17th of October, when our fire first opened; hut in April we were opposed by greatly extended w r orks, defended by a far more powerful artillery. The struggle w r as still quite unequal.
Two of the ordinary advantages of the attack over the defence are considered to consist in—
1st. The besieger having a choice of ground, so that he can advantageously place his batteries to enfilade or breach the part of the works attacked.
2d. The resources of the besieged being limited in consequence of the place being invested.
In this Siege both of these advantages were denied to the besiegers.
The contour of the ground on which the besiegers’ batteries had to be constructed, intersected as it was by deep ravines running nearly at right angles to the face of the works attacked, left the besiegers little choice as to the position of their Batteries, and on the British side almost entirely deprived us of the possibility of establishing enfilading batteries.
As soon as the besiegers’ Batteries were constructed, fresh works of the enemy appeared to oppose them; so that the relative positions of the besieger and besieged were reversed, greatly to the advantage of the latter, he having

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
201
ample choice of favourable positions for his batteries, whilst that of the besieger was confined.
To arm the batteries which the enemy constructed where he wished, he had a great Arsenal, a Dockyard, and a Fleet, capable not only of supplying his first armament, hut also of replacing his guns as soon as disabled. He had at hand an almost unlimited quantity of materiel and supply of labour to repair and strengthen the works which we were called upon to destroy; and the place not being invested, materiel brought from a distance became available for its defence, while the garrison could he continually relieved.
To the last hour of the Siege the enemy continued enlarging his batteries, and constructing new ones, nor was he ever deficient in ordnance to arm them. Three thousand pieces which had not been mounted were taken in the place.
This unfailing supply of artillery was one of the chief causes of the protracted defence. The works themselves w ere not, from their profile, of a formidable nature, hut became so from the crushing artillery fire by which they were defended, and which the artillery of the Allies Avas unable permanently to subdue. It frequently occurred that w r orks which had been silenced by day w r ere re-armed during the night, and were again in play on the following morning. Had no fresh ordnance been at hand to replace flic dismounted guns, the works silenced would have been soon destroyed.
But towards the close of the Siege, although the number of our pieces never equalled that of the enemy, the artillery of the Allies, by the large calibre of its guns, the great number of mortars, the vigour and accuracy of its fire, established its superiority on most points over that of the place, which, according to Prince Gortschakoff, was becoming untenable under this “ feu cl’enfer" searching into every street, and causing daily losses of 1,000 men! The continuance of such a bombardment would most probably have caused the Russians to evacuate, and saved the Allies the assault.
The condition of the superior slope of the Redan, wdiich was crumbled into the ditch, forming a perfectly practicable breach, bore witness to the terrible w r eight of our fire, and showed that earthworks, however laboriously and skilfully constructed, cannot successfully withstand a heavy and continuous artillery fire, even when, as at this Siege, they are supported by an unlimited amount of labour and maUriel.
The decisive blow in this protracted struggle, the capture of the Malakoff, was given by the French Army; but a large share in that great result might he claimed for the British artillery.
From the month of April the whole of the heavily-armed Batteries of the right of our Right Attack had been directed on the Malakoff, and its outwork the Mamelon. The superiority of the besiegers’ fire over the latter work was
c c

202
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
fully established on the 7th June, and materially assisted the capture of it by the French on that day.
The state of those faces of the Malakoff which were opposed to our works, the interior of the work itself, the great quantity of disabled ordnance lying in it, were all evidences of the aid afforded by our fire. The service rendered by our Quarry Battery during the assault, in checking the advance of the Russian reserves through the Karabelnaia suburb towards the Malakoff, was warmly acknowledged by the French.
But whatever share in the actual capture of the place be attributed to the fire of the British ordnance, the Royal Artillery and Royal Naval Brigade may ever reflect with pride on their unparalleled labours, on the dangers and difficulties they encountered and overcame, during eleven months of open trenches before Sebastopol.

A P P E N 1) I X

SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
205
ffl
.Si <«
•.ooinw
XTj.fo3£ am Xq pouuBj^
W ^ CO W H 00
H V* OS pH H< ».©
i
'dpeSug aqi Xq poaiwpj;
® o ep ph m 9
eo ■* » »o to H
i
fe
o
H
A
U
P>.
a
<
tn
O
H
e
H
s
fc
w
su
X
K
46,537
i 47,854
i
; 32,883
! 23,946
! 26,270
! 28,476
405
s i
s' s'
©1
©i
oo
©f
S3
*S0S»B0J«3
i i i | i i
»® .
S 1 .
»
9
■S[TO HI»! r I
! 1 1 I 1 I
s 1
eo 1
9
9
rt
si
c
3
o
uopunod-6
1 1 1 1 1 1
i i
©»
8
■jopunod-89
8 8 , I 3 S
9 b- 1 55 pH H
tf 95 pH *-T
S i
OO
©J
00
•qOUT-OI
O W tp M H«
1 3 3 I f S3
pH pH
■H 1>
CO b-
©5 oo
H* pH
pH
pH
CD
•qoui-g
10,309*
4,184
12,300
6,712
6,500
4,111
!
eo W
PH ©3
HI pH
8
S'
•jopuuod-je
9 b- b. ep -H Hi
O P5 «) ^ « OS
e© ©5 CD b^ 9 OO
9 ® Ift 9 CO ®
pH ©J
00 CO t— 9
CO 9
©f ©r
CD
CD
N
OO
3
•jopimod-f3
CC ©1
e> ©i
5 5 i i i i
©4
O Hj
©8 QO
OO CD
OO
©J
1
9
©J
■JOIgBOUBq
§1111 1
O ©J
S <5
1
s
t-
o
£
•ipuHfl
1 1 1 1 1 K
§ s
n *»_
pH CO
%
Hi
b-
eo"
•qoiu-8
1 1 1 1 1 §
©J ©I
©f pH
•qoui-oi
©{ §
9 9 OO ©1 QO
Vi Hi* it} i.© hT
§ g
h ©r
©1 pH
1
CO
•qoui-gi
9 pH CD CD b- ^
H N OO t> l-»
1 « M W D CD
* Ui OO ©f kj" <D
®
co
OO 9
©1 pH
9
eo
H
fc
W
W
<
«
1 cc m ^ ta o
T^1°X J 00 2h J2 52 2 S
Total
Expended at intermediate periods
Total expended during the Siege
|
o
•jopunod-6 | 1 | | | | «
uapnnod -89 1 h ® co ao hp «o
•qOul-01 | -^ « co co t-
•qoui-8 | g8 2 $ $ S R
■uopunod-sg | *- 3 S § 2 S
Mapunod^ | g S 1 1 1 1
■jo^sboub'i | ^ | | | h «
E
ti
o
ri
■ipui-I<j | 1 1 1 1 § §
1 1 1 00 *- s
•qout-oi
O O N b.
pH pH pH pH ©1 ©J
*qout-fix
1 O CD ® CO HI
1 ©1 . ©8 CO CO CO
Dato from
17th October 1854
9th April 1855
6th June 1855
17tn June 1855 -
17th August 1855
5th Sept. 1855 to the fall \ of Sebastopol - -/
Appendix.
Includes 68-pounder. t Included in 8-inch.

206
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
Appendix.
Table 2.—Casualties to Officers and Men. Mortars and Guns disabled.
Royal Artillery.
Naval Brigade.
Mortars.
1
Guns.
Month.
Officers.
Non-Commissioned Officers and Men.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
1
,
i:
,
Killed.
-a
0)
S
3
O
£
Killed.
Wounded.
Killed.
Wounded.
Killed.
Wounded.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
4
a
i-4«
Lancaster.
24-pounder.
32-pounder.
M
o
.2
GO
10-inch.
68-pounder.
9-pounder.
1854.
October -
1
3
12
85
2
10
15
71
199
3
5
2
11
1
November
-
2
3
9
-
6
4
26
50
-
-
-
-
-
10
2
3
-
-
-
December
-
-
1
1
-
2
-
-
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1855.
January -
—
_
—
_
1
_
_
!
! ,
i
_
February -
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 i
-
March
-
"1
-
-
-
1
-
i
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
April
2
3
22
76
2
5
26
103
239
4
-
-
-
-
10
10
1
-
-
1
May
-
-
-
7
-
-
3
15
25
June
-
7
28
118
| 1
12
30
118
314
1
1
-
-
-
-
2
3
1
1
-
July
i
-
6
17
-
-
3
23
50
-
-
-
-
-
-
i
1
-
-
-
August -
i
5
9
98
1
3
8
48
173
-
3
-
-
-
-
12
5
1
-
-
September
3
4
10
59
-
2
5
28
111
Total -
8
25
91
470
7
39
95
432
1,167
5
4
-
-
3
25
32
25
2
3
1

Royal Artillery. Royal Naval Brigade.
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
207
a
a
. o
o
- 2 - 2 — t 9 *C
<o
»•>» i
' a
p
bC -
s s
,o
S
• £>
°J§
III
to.S ”
S'V
^ is *5
.2 oT
*<« IS
«J . ”
i a
rt _
_ i 1
c c ^ pfeS
V . s; H Jz; ^
d'-s <
e
o -M
£ ft rS
o y X y
'"1 U 2
S Q '
C 2 j>
rt ~ '
CO ? CO
3 »J 3 £ £ ~ c J 2
t, ■"> g
5 a 2
: —- u w )0 O g
i « H £
! 32 ff * 3 ■
r 11 ;
~ y
'os
CO
d“
<;p
51
fee P
3 a
^ ►*»
feb*J i s ^ f © ?
5 « 5
;S
11
1 P 0 « : jto s ' ±Q
*•*«
<! S
y
—i » ^ t+
sSlc,;. ' S
2 Qh £ 03 'g TJ o “a
«J C
o 05
Jis
i. y
£«SJ | p ll £
coa^awoj»o
faS oSa “"ssj 3
S’"* g a 52 « s^.s 0 ^ i* 2 ? co S «-3 ^ i -3
a>
J=>
©
y
O
&
•ft §-’
•ft 2 t-
2 J5-
O
<N
<N
©5 Cl
03
^ a a ~
<1 *-5
CO
a
-o
_ a
g .2
■'•ft s fc- »-g D,
2 ► ► tfi • - r s a <
rO
a
’tCO'J'CONONNflONOO^OMfOasO
“•3
o ^ ^ cd
o'f? ■
p-l
03 y fcc-tf c '
' =o
y
e:
o -
W3 5
M P
p,t5 y
o c c ^ CO
a
y a “5 rr .= a
R >-s
<
fS 3 O •
5 ^
_ • ^ ^ f ) i Z2
^ *^3 to -xi o^o u K^"" c s . p"- n o
■3.g W d:<) O §§<! = ?! g S- «< X
O^H 3 C mO gH flQ
o? *g ^ *• ‘3 ‘3 g +j *8 *j *_§ ♦j
”1 : §*J g , 2*J a J d.S
-; oh!u^
2 t
0 > a>
--•e
O
3 a '•
SJ 58
„>»-C 3
HO
a. - a <5 O
oSo’>
. ^5
2 a
: »ft *c
, GO Cl,
>-<J
- bC *
<1 CO
—- (M O O
<; -s
e nd
.y
0,-5
y
CO
Al’PENDIX.

SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
ArPENDIX.
1YIOJJ
•as?BO '0
'IP4S *S
•1YXOX
*ims *o
‘mS ‘S
uopunod'6
•ims 'S
■ims *o
•jopunod-89
•ms *S
*i ms *s
■qoui-ox
‘ims *o
'iput-8
■ms *h
•odwo
I 1 I 1 I I M 1
uopunod*sg
•asBO o
ims's
•jopunod-^s
ims *o
uojs'eouBq
■ms ‘ii
•ediwo
•tpui-^ ! I I ! I 1 I 1 1 I ! I
•esuo *0
'ipqs j s
•IIDUI -8
IPMS *0
'ipui-OI
*mS ’S
£■< u
•qoui-si
’lioqs *0
■ms *S
uopreouiri
■qoui-fg
'qoui -8
*qDui-oi
■qout-st
^ cr= £ 9 %
■ ££\ 2 'X S
&
i*-9 rj! SoQ
'E eS
PI'
' ♦hi
15y a Russian shell exploding in the muzzle. t By firing at a high elevation.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
209
Appendix.
Table 6.—Showing the Number of Guns in use during the Siege, and those which became -
Unserviceable from the Fire of the Enemy and from Use.
Mortars.
Guns.
.s
A
10-inch.
8-incli.
*5
a
“3?
Lancaster.
u
o
•o
3
©
p.
jk
1
32-pounder.
8-incli.
10-inch.
1
68-pounder.
9-pounder.
Total.
Total in use -
S3
35
11
20
7
57
140
76
10
7
3
401
Unserviceable from use ...
-
*3
—
1
-
29
73
17
1
2
—
126
Destroyed by the enemy or from accident
t5
*4
-
-
3
25
32
23
2
3
1
100
Remaining - -
30
28
11
19
4
3
35
34
7
2
2
175
* Four of these were in use up to the fall of the place.
t Three of these mortars were damaged in the month of April, but were continued in constant use up to the fall of the place. They were chiefly injured by the premature explosion of the French shells.
(Signed) E. Reilly,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Siege Train.
II.
[A Report was sent every morning during the Siege from the Commanding Officer of the Siege Train to the Officer Commanding the Royal Artillery, of the Expenditure of Ammunition in each Battery, and of the Casualties to Officers and Men, Guns and Carriages, &c. during the previous 24 hours.
A detailed Return has been compiled from these Reports by Colonel St. George, C.B., Royal Artillery, Commanding Siege Train, and is here given ; it therefore has not been considered necessary to publish all these Morning Reports. The general information contained in them is given in the body of this work.]
Return of the Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, and Other Offensive Artillery Projectiles, thrown into Sebastopol by the British Siege Train, assisted by the Naval Brigade, during the whole Siege.
The detailed Return has reference only, as a general rule, to the expenditure of the Royal Artillery of the Siege Train, from whom alone regular Morning Reports were received. During the month of August, however, till the 5tli of September, Daily Reports of expenditure were rendered by the Officer Commanding the Naval Brigade, which expenditure is included in the detailed Return.
From the number of rounds expended during the Siege, the number in this detailed Daily Return is deducted, and the remainder has been expended by the Naval Brigade in addition.
J. St. George, Colonel.
D D

210
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Appendix.
Retubn of the Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, &c. thrown into
EXPENDITURE OF AMMUNITION,
Guns.
Date.
68-pounder.
!
32-pounder.
24-pounder.
110-inch.
8-ineh.
Lancaster.
9-p*r.
Field.
1
•+3
O
©
,c
CO
0
©
S3
0
©
a
m
A
©
A
OS
c
cS
CG
c
CG
2
CG
1854.
3
s
0
a
&
£
jz
©
s
©
g-
£
r3
3
s
0
c
i
©
a
©
a
e
rs
5
0
©
a
g
1
©
a
&
ce
in
*
0
a
0
*©
>
J©
*©
*©
*©
an
T3
S
U
O
0
m
O
C
tf
0
m
O
O
i-M
CO
CG
35
«
17 October
124
1
96
12
; t
. ! .
2,855
. 1,429
360
83
18
18
. 1
8,000
. 821
454
44
19 ,,
•
72
.
2,349
* ’
423
428
38
20 „
50
2
1,420
9 V
82
•
341
388
9
^ »»
40
35
954
2
1
• •
206
593
22 „
40
1,406
124
836
1,569
20
572
23
24t „
750
.
89
258
25 „
26
691
20
167
140
855
35
193
5
27
3
23
669
5
57
86
28
40
576
56
143
29 f,
91
366
78
73
80 „
i t
151
597
149
6
31 „
44
. i 314
3
158
11
Total
-
214
43
223
12
361
■
. j 18,371
22
103
82
4,153
4,541
202
•
1 November
18
129
569
5
115
14
2
150
.)
401
4
222
32
8 „
GO
412
4
124
12
4
78
355
2
10
123
36
5 M
65
571
10
188
2
? "
102
481
2
145
16
90
• 1 •
415
4
157
24
8 „
45
•
346
10
111
16
9 ti
76
, 1 ,
298
5
160
12
30
• ! .
178
1
135
9
»*
29
. i .
251
3
72
19
12 ,.
6
75
301
12
116
20
13 „
1
99
6
79
55
8
l 4 *
18
9
15 „
9
to
53
2
17
16
16 „
6
2
19
2
17
11
9
37
5
18 „
3
1
19 „
20 „
5
7
3
i
21 „
7
i
4
22 „
23
18
24 „
12
5
25 „
26
27
5
5
17
5
7
3
2
23 „
3
2
i
29
30
5
3
Total
-
19
6
•
•
1082
56
2
4,831
4
71
1,767
243
•
•
* Capt. Guilders killed.
t Major Youno wounded.

24-pounder Rockets.
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
‘211
Sebastopol by the British Siege Train and Natal Brigade.
MEN, AND MATERIAL.
Mortars.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
51-
inch.
Losses.
Officers.
Soldiers.
Material.
Date.
cn
^3
fS,
o
A
72
a
I
o
E-t
£
% be
ac
o
c
s
O
8P
*E
{g
O
o
•d
t.
PQ
1854.
4,727
s’
25
1 Lr.
17 October.
331
4,882
2
7
*
is „
34
221
3,511
5
2
1
19
c
136
2,548
i
7
1
.
20 „
19 j .
290
2,117
1
6
1
21 „
7 1 .
467
2,955
2
8
i
3
22
. 1 .
355
2,539
i
i
2
8
l
1
23* „
10 1 .
59
1,166
2
2
2
1
24t „
15 j .
22
1,055
1
2
25 „
45 ! .
26
1,159
1
i
20 „
30
13
886
4
1 Lr.
3
27 „
17
22
863
3
28 „
12
22
642
6
1
29 „
50
956
♦
.
30
95
45
670 j
•
31 „
195
2,109
45
30,676
1
3
13
79
10
19
Total.
1st Bombardment and Cannonade.
100 1 .
25
957
1 November.
3
77 ; .
38
947
i
i
2
2
i
2
40
60
712
l
2
l
3
43 ; .
47
689
i
i
4
7
31
25
899
o ,,
93 . .
42
881
i
o
70
36
796
i
7
111
25
664
l
3
s
6
81
24
662
2
2
9
60
26
439
i
1
10
56
24
454
U
63
30
617
12
33 ' .
18
305
13
7 ! .
34
U
24 i .
24
155
4
i
15
5 i
34
16
12
3
77
17
4
8
18
3
3
22
i
19
20
6
18
21
18
22
23
10
27
24
25 „
20
54
26
5
10
28
i
27
3
2
11
28
29 „
6
14
30 „
16
943
■482
9,523
2
12
12
4
l
Total.
The great storm.
• Capt. Moubbay wounded.
t Lieut. Hope wounded.
Appendix.
«
D D 2

ArrENDjx.
212
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, &c. thrown into Sebastopol by
EXPENDITURE OF AMMUNITION,
Gnss.
Date.
1854 & 1855.
68-pounder.
32-pounder.
24-poundcr.
10-inch.
8-inch.
Lancaster.
9-pr.
Field.
Hound Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape.
Round Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape.
Round Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape.
Hollow Shot.
Shell. |
Hollow Shot.
Shell.
Shell.
Rounds.
1 December
2
5
3
2
4
4 „
2
13
5 „
18
(5 »,
1
4
7
8
7
11
8
1
9
3
10
n
12
13
i
14
2
15 „
5
16
17
i
33
i
12
18
4
1
19
3
20
21 „
4
2
2
3
3
22
•
4
23
17
24 ,,
25 „
20
2
6
27
i
12
i
28
9
29
10
i
30
14
31
6
Total -
•
• 1 •
•
19
30
•
143
6
18
13
3
4
1 Jauuarv
3
10
2 „
8
4
6 „
7
8
3
i
i
9
2
10
11
12
2
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2
21
5
i
22
23
3
24
25
i
26 „
1
i
27
28
29
i
30
i
l
31
| ;
Total -
-
6
i
| 1
•
27
4
2
•

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
213
the British Siege Train and Naval Brigade— continued .
MEN, AND MATERIAL.
Date.
1S&1 & 1855.
‘impounder Rockets.
Moetabs.
Total Rounds.
Losses.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
51-
inch.
Officers.
Soldiers.
Materials.
Shell.
i Carcasses.
i
i
Shell.
1
Carcasses.
Shell.
Carcasses.
Shell.
Killed or Missing.
Wounded.
Killed or Missing.
Wounded.
Gun.
Carriage.
Mortar.
Bed.
1 December.
s
13
i
i
2
4
10
3
.
15
i
4
5
.
23
5
14
8
27
6 .»
15
41
i
7
8
9
8
.
3
9 „
10
9
10
11
10
10
2
12
2
3
13 „
7
9
14
.
5
15
13
8
21
10
1
48
17
1
6
18
3
6
19
12
12
20
3
17
21
0
i
11
22
2
l
20
23
1
24 „
.
2
25 „
2
,
10
2« „
22
.
36
27
2
28
4
15
29 „
2
16
30
1
7
31
•
113
•
59
408
•
•
1
l
2
2
Total.
13
1 January.
.
2
3
4
4
4
.
5 „
.
« „
7
2
7
8 „
2
9
10
3
8
ii
11 „
4
12
13
14
i
i
15
16
#
#
17
18
2
2
19
2
20
G
12
21
22
5
8
23
17
17
24 „
1
25
2
4
26
3
3
27
28
3
4
29
7
8
30 „
31
I
‘ 1 *
•
G
•
57
103
•
•
•
Total.
Appendix*

214
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
Appendix.
Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, &c. thrown into Sebastopol by
EXPENDITURE OF AMMUNITION,
Guns.
Date.
1855.
68-pounder.
32-pounder.
24-iK>under.
10-inch.
8-inch.
Lancaster.
9-pr.
Field.
Round Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape.
Round Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape.
Round Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape.
Hollow Shot.
Shell.
Hollow Shot.
1 1
1 Shell. !
i
i.
i
Shell.
CO
rS
I
1 February
I
|
.
1
• i
2
.
• i
.
3
.
. I .
. i .
.
4 »,
.
.
5
_
• 1 •
.
6 „
.
7
.
8
.
.
.1 ,
9
•>
10
.
11
12
.
i
2
13
.
14
.
15 „
.
16
.
17
.
18
-
19
.
20
.
21
22
.
23
-
24
.
25 „
.
26
-
27
-
28
■
Total -
2
l
2
•
1 March
.
. I . ! .
2
-
. | .
3
-
4
.
* 1 ' |
6 „
-
6
-
53
7
• i .
.
7
-
.
8
-
• i •
- *
9
-
10
.
11
30
40
15
12
.
37
8
13
.
11
7
14
.
43
26
10
15
-
42
13
2
27
16
-
2
5
3
17
-
20
25
19
10
11
18
.
7
39
30
19
-
45
31
20
.
36
27
21
-
46
4
30
22
.
2
58
5
52
23
-
43
24
.
17
6
55
25
_
si
30
9
31
20
.
27
26
27
-
50
7
6
28
.
2
42
27
29
-
9
30
.
20
16
31
-
25
30
Total -
-
G2
481
.
117
59
318
.
34
316
Total

24-poundcr Rockets.
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
215
the British Siege Train and Naval Brigade— continued.
Appendix.
MEN, AND MATEEIAL.
Mortaks.
1
3
Losses.
Date.
1855.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
Si-
inch.
'3
35
Officers.
Soldiers.
Material.
j Shell.
Carcasses.
Shell.
o
Shell.
| Carcasses.
Killed or Missing.
o
§
o
l
Killed or Missing.
"Wounded.
Gun.
Carriage.
Mortar.
Bed.
1 February.
4
4
2
3
4
4
•
4 „
5
6
2
o
7
8
2
9 „
.
10
.
11
3
12
13 „
14 „
15
10 „
17 „
18
19
20
.
21
.
23 „
23
24 „
25 „
20 „
27
28
.
•
10
15
•
Total.
1
1 March.
2
* i '
' 3
• i •
4
„
5
60
i
6
• 1 •
7
8
• ! •
9
10
0
27
118
11
22
67
12
2
48
68
13
1
154
114
14
7
45
136
2
15
17
32
59
16
37
29
151
17
10
21*
113
i
18
5
51
132
19
27
10
100
20
20
19
125
21
58
4
179
i
22
51
2 i •
96
23
34
. 1 .
112
i
24
40
141
25
41
94
26
Jf
58
121
i
27
68
139
28
41
50
29
51
87
i
80
25
44
126
’31
»
G33
324 j .
44
2,588
5
l
l
•
Total.

216
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, &c. thrown into Sebastopol by
Date.
1855.
EXPENDITURE OF
AMMUNITION,
Guns.
68-poundcr.
22-pounder.
Expounder.
10-inch.
8-ineh.
Lancaster.
9-pr.
Field.
Hound Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape. j
Hound Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape. |
Hound Shot.
Common Shell.
Shrapnel.
Case.
Grape. j
Hollow Shot.
Shell.
Hollow Shot.
Shell.
Shell.
Rounds.
1 April
4
26
a „
-
2
24
.
5
3
-
16
3
11
.
Si
* „
.
2
22
in
5
50
1G
14
6 „
27
6
19
7 „
,
19
20
3
8
,
9 „
449
3
788
243
40
95
10* „
348
is
14
872
6
98
3.7
lit „
80
485
912
150
160
GO
210
5
12 „
140
.
1,231
25
52
1,245
11
100
100
35
13t „
144
70
2,214
192
72
1,046
11
34
263
14
14!| „
141
71
2,570
83
16
1,110
364
239
2n
IB „
210
50
2,064
29
5
531
120
490
264
20
17 „
266
998
2-19
7
17 „
.
77
3
149
147
18 „
80
180
73
19 „
323
84
10
ii2
81
20 „
90
698
100
10
86
21 „
85
492
184
20
78
47
22 ..
45
301
36
13
23 „
65
283
43
14
57
21 „
40
512
90
20
00
25 „
22
2« „
32
20
4
27 „
28 „
o
29 „
f
so „
11
3
Total -
-
978
293
•
12,460
314
165
8,485
393
22
•
194
160
1,512
1,922
20-1
1 May
2
3 „
4 „
;
5
1
6 ,.
8 „
[6
9 „
4
10 „
n „
12
C
12 „
13 „
14 „
15 „
17 „
i
17 „
18 „
19 „
i
5
20 „
21 „
i
22 „
23 „
3
24 „
25 „
5
3
26 „
i
27 „
28 „
8
8
29 „
2
30 „
31 „
Total -
-
•
•
23
6
1 ;
17
20
•
* Lieut. Sinclair woundod. t Lieut. Luck killed. i Lieut. L’Esibange wounded.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
217
the British Siege Train and Naval Brigade— continued.
Appendix.
MEN
, AND MATERIAL.
Date.
1855.
"S
u
o
e
1
MORTARS.
Total Hounds.
Losses.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-incli.
5£-
Incli.
Officers.
Soldiers.
Material.
'3
55
T.
£
a
Shell.
Carcasses. |
Shell.
Carcasses.
Shell.
i
Killed or Missing.
Wounded.
Killed or Missing.
Wounded.
Gun.
Carriage.
Mortar.
Bed.
•
37
•
27
94
«
«
1 April.
.
36
42
109
..
■ 2
23
.
•j>.
89
*
*
3 „
h
29
26
107
i
1
4 „
76
63
78
297
2
i
3
*
5 „
38
29
21
140
. ,
*
6 „
3
13
.
58
..
7 ..
18
19
,
37
1
8 „
951
1,089
.
3,653
3
7
7
9 „
575
840
2,785
1
2
7
i
i
10* „
480
647
45
-3,234.
i
3
3
4
6
lit w
795
619
33
4,391
1
3
1
3
i
2
12 „
644
357
5,061
i
4
22
13* ..
760
771
10
6,111
1
i
4
20
3
2
14H .i
770
4-43
1
4,997
4
15 .,
C86
341
2,547
>y.
10
2
1C „
217
170
24
787
»
i
17 „
229
156
24
742
1
i
18 „
194
75
61
893
i
1
19 „
194
209
36
1,423
20
120
136
9
1,171
i
21
137
24
18
574
i
22
113
12
117
709
2
23 „
63
.
.
91
882
24 „
17
2
.
41
25 „
27
3
.
ij
129
2
26 „
91
23
•
31
145
27 „
17
.
19
28 „
5
29 „
36
14
•
. | 43
117
30
7,268
•
0,180 | . j .
i I
. j 797
41,352
2
3
23
84
20
17
2
2
Total.
1 May.
.
2
.
3 „
.
i
■4 „
5 „
.
1
2
3
2
* 7 „
4
2
12
* 8 „
26
4
34
9 „
4
4
10 „
7
25
n ..
.
12
13 „
3
3
14 „
3
i
4
15 „
1
16 „
30
7
37
17
.
.
18 „
24
7
37
19 „
19
19
•20 „
14
15
21 „
16
16
i
22 „
17
22
23 „
9
10
i
20
24 „
44
5
8
65
2
25 M
10
2
13
26 „
2
2
27 „
7
5
2
30
2
28 „
13
8
23
29 „
30 „
2
2
31 „
255
*
44
3
19
387 -
•
•
8
•
•
• 1 *
Total.
2d Bombardment.
U Lieut. Mitchell killed.
Assistant-Surgeon Cockebill wounded.
E E

218
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Appendix.
Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, &c. thrown into Sebastopol by
Date.
1855.
EXPENDITURE
OP AMMUNITION,
Guns.
68-pounder.
32-pounder.
24-pounder.
10-inch.
8-inch.
Lancaster.
9-pr.
Field.
©
X
CO
73
0
0
S
Jj
CO
c
o
§
o
c
Cm
e
£
i
o
©
O
■*3
o
X
CO
*3
0
9
3
.S
CO
c
o
S
a
o
O
0
2
X
CO
©
a
o
©
0.
«
Si
o
o
X
co
ri
3
f§
1
CO
0
O
a
a
o
O
l
CO
©
§
©
i
a
e
•*3
©
X
CO
■s
K
’©
X
CO
■*£
o
X
CO
■t
©
X
o
M
*©
X
CO
’©
5
»
I
1
2
3
4
5 6* 7+ 8
n
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 1711 18
19
20 21 22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
June
M
n
r*
»
»*
»»
r»
rt
9>
»»
»»
»>
99
»
9*
*»
»
»»
767
92
63
197
24
1,034
2,558
916
735
661
’ 1
1,948
295
23
* 1
‘ 2
5
* 3
20
1
27
171
*2
'l
'l
*5
*
•
-
. 1
24
69
160
148
179
33
123
99
14
171
104
65
65
26
40
1,014
1,268
1,971
1,546
1,462
2
* 2
1,371
865
*16
14
5
1
9
23
27
4
8
5
575
1,262
1,311
402
230
’ 3
6
* 2
2
1,607
713
3
23
3
7
8
3
Total *
767
•
376
•
•
8,185
228
835
485
9,643
6,160
•
•
1
July
*
7
2
9*
.
8
8
55
1
»
.
4
6
4
»,
13
9
38
23
5
r»
2
i
10
33
22
6§
»
4
.
4
29
7
M
•
16
8
»
2
22
9
**
56
8
10
31
416
222
11
»*
.
14
131
51
12
„
.
7
5
13
,,
.
18
11
14
„
25
10
15
„
5
10
13
16
**
33
17
99
13
9
18
4
3
19
u
20
„
12
2
21
12
2
22
4
23
3
1
24
9*
3
104
25
4
17
26
2
1
27
28
3
29
»*
3
1
17
24
30
13
3
31
6
1
-
Total
-
•
48
•
67
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
40
146
888
467
•
*
• Capt. M. Ad ye wounded. * Capt. A. Gobdon wounded. + Capt. Abbuthnot wounded. t Lieut. Keene wounded.

24-pounder Sockets.
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
2L9
the British Siege Train and Naval Brigade— continued.
AprENDIX.
MEN, AND MATERIAL.
Mortars.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
Biinch.
en
Ci
9)
i
in
©
I
so
a
S3
3
©
©
is
o3
A
o
GO
O
32
O
cc
U
Sri
8
8
7
7
30
24
2
4
60
15
15
32
.
32
1,451
808
,
5,042
2,588
1,374
,
9,310
2,193
1,266
7,985
985
1,037
2
8,117
733
762
22
165
4,309
12
6
53
300
2
4
310
55
14
45
140
260
64
9
34
109
50
1
53
12
1
15
1,790
873
954
si
9,534
506
13*
308
3,131
23
11
0
63
8
7
107
7
147
10
5
21
42
10
102
18
#
2
28
12
38
95
7
111
116
142
107
137
120
136
57
15
93
114
.
2
116
109
40
-
160
11,608
24
6,380
144
1,413
376
•
46,623
Losses.
Date.
1855.
Officers.
Soldiers.
Material.
Killed or Missing.
Wounded.
Killed or Missing.
Wounded.
Gun.
Carriage.
Mortar.
Bed.
1 June.
.
2
.
i
3
1
4 „
.
6
2
4
14
2
4
6* „
2
7
39
2
7t „
2
8
1
8
1
2
7
i
1
i
9t .
5
9
2
10
3
.
11
#
1
i
12
13
14
i
15
16 „
2
2
17
2
i
i
1711 „
5
16
18
1
19
i
20
1
21
22
#
23
1
24
#
25 „
i
26 „
27
28
,
29
.
30
•
7
29
118
5
12
4
•
Total.
,3d Bombardment.
,4th Bombard- ’ ment.
171
81
27
2
288
1
July.
130
50
252
2
»
102
90
202
3
117
38
4
242
4
67
92
i
228
i
5
n
73
10
120
i
2§
„
84
67
175
7
»
114
48
186
8
n
163
81
308
9
»»
462
251
1,382
i
5
2
i
10
99
31
12
338
11
124
83
14
233
12
»
55
101
23
208
13
tt
51
140
6
232
14
tt
103
193
50
374
15
i>
45
176
22
276
16
it
177
117
6
322
17
191
i
78
25
302
18
tt
98
15
147
24
284
i
19
it
190
163
8
63
438
20
it
151
232
57
61
515
21
it
198
96
7
47
352
22
tt
160
88
14
23
289
i
23
tt
248
54
63
472
24
tt
213
95
52
19
400
25
tt
217
213
36
77
546
i
3
26
tt
211
195
#
75
481
1
27
206
248
77
534
28
t
149
208
28
97
527
i
29
t
205
270
50
60
601
30
tt
124
190
2
8
331
31
”
•
4,698
16
3,926
l
467
2
670
11,438
1
•
5
10
2
1
•
•
Total.
I
i
t Lieut. CoyoLLT wounded.
Lieut. Tiuabd wounded,
|| Lieut. Scon wounded.
Capt. A. Gokdoh killed.
E E 2

220
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
Appendix.
Daily Amount of Shot, Shell, &c. thrown into Sebastopol by
EXPENDITURE OF AMMUNITION.
Gons.
Bate.
68-pounder.
32-pounder.
24-poundcr.
10-inch.
8-inch.
Lancaster.
’
9-Pr.
Field.
i
_ 1
, •
©
as
.fl
Cft
o
—
.5
CO
©
55
©
*c
CO
3
o
m
s
C fl
03
1855.
TJ
©
a
a
©
tt
c
o.
P5
1
| Case.
&
5*
u
tt
*3
o
K
a
a
©
o
e
a.
g
55
©
3
tt
Grape.
©
©
a
a
o
tt
a
n
a i
0Q
Case.
©
a.
g
tt
_o
*©
<Xt
*
_©
o
Shell.
Shell.
V>
•a
3
Q
1 August
i
3
O
4
.
o
,
4
3 „
1
•
61
18
12
21
17
4 „
7
•
29
i 5
2
6
23
29
5 „
.
<57
4
1
6 »»
2
6
{
3
2
15
7 >i
.
i
3
10
8 ,,
i
7
4
9 . „
i
3
5
9
6
3
•
10
14
.
H I.
i
5
37
36
•
12 ),
23
.
i
4
17
13
2
23
25
14 ,,
10
i
8
3
21
57
15
16
9
15
14
1« „
80
91
15
15
60
17 „
3,469
150
125
928
563
330
1H „
2ii
1.161
169
424
4
7
505
8.19
2 543
1,231
19 „
40
1,038
298
13
14
1,523
809
8
"Ot „
22
627
74
10
55
15
261
97
14
21
.
2
6
120
55
2
5
18
145
22
21
3
24
33
•20
25
41
21
••! •
45
19
12
35
.'48
24
.
22
27
20
33
14
2d ,,
22
. ‘ .
47
82
0
2
65
94
m
67
10, I .
109
49
10
<>•>
49
86
27
49
• 1 ’
79
74
,
8
182
9
28 „
13
55
138
10
1
34
60
29 „
12
*• i *
156
109
20
9
23-4
75
30 „
33
. t .
114
70
1
63
57
81 „
22
• i •
52
51
13
18
Total -
.
518
m
90 j .
7,394
1,524
444
4
7
•
•
840
700
5,769
3,396
22
—
1 Septembers
.
19
.
120-
56-
%
.1 .
•
27
,38
a*i
-
19
171
64
,
.
.
120
27
3
-
15
* 115
74-
, !
• ! •
13-1
191
4 »,
-
19
i
157
51
■
77
36
»
-
3
,
1,317
184
125
6**
•
465
• 1
3,447
110
*
• 1 •
64
636
649
7 , -
•
412
•
665
7 •
42
. .
105
264
84
8tt
*
3 | .
2,605
166
9
• i • i •
20
531
74
Total -
952
3 ! .
i
8,597
712
51
•
. • i • i •
179
♦
1,789
1,224
* Capt. Oldfield killed. t Capt. P. Dickson wounded. J Lieut. De Wixton wounded. || Ospt. Ap.bvthxot wounded, tt D.-A.-Com. Hatteb killed. tt Lieut. Tyler wounded.

24-pounder Rockets.
ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
221
the British Siege Train and Naval Brigade— continued.
MEN, AND MATERIAL.
Mortars.
13-inch.
10 -inch.
8 -inch.
St-
inch.
9S
•J)
§5
$
V.
53
§
S3
C5
O
33
«e
33
.C
a
J3
ce
CO
O
CO
U
’J1
U
73
Losses.
Officers.
Soldiers.
S
©
*2
Material.
Date.
1855.
35
204
16
- ! 19
■m
t
1 August.
4
195
5
237
0
9
103
9
16
267
3
5
166
27
299
i
4
119
37
228
1
5
284
86
146
495
.>
6
17
101
48
182
1
. .
7
3
77
47
139
i
1
8
14
43
93
i
9
102
76]
83
225
.
10
„
197
152
13
411
i
5
11
506
50
601
12
209
56
i
816
1
13
49
89
28
266
4
14
47
59
>)
47
209
2
15
t
327
287
86
881
6
3
• •
16
tt
2.216
2,810
520
9,917
i
5
23
6
7
.
17*
54
1,385
1,620
12
128
9.879
11
1
• i
18
11
1,069
809
97
5,729
6
2
i
. 1 i
19
31
229
507
3
91
2,036
i
5
1
i
20t
0
118
754
126
1,360
i
5
1
i
.
21
10
6
301
08
13
GOO
, '
3
22
52
315
40
78
655
• 1 1
.>
4
■m
.
42
504
52
118
832
•
24
72
-*k>3
_71
93
913
. 1
i
i
25
3
127
760
146
1,438
I 1
3
26||
3
190
285
129
4
20
1,032
i
. .
27
„
2
147
206
159
20
10
855
i
l
28
.. i
23
267
093
1,298
3
28
t
54
. i 546
41
979
1
30
•
71
. | 470
170
867
o
~
*
31
»
140
7,803
. j 12, M2
13
904
27
1,841
43,557
1
3
9
92
17
9
3
i
T al.
123
402
73
23
881
1
1
1
1 September.^
92
516
46
9
1,094
1
.
1
1
2^
10
127
461
39
1,166
»j>
i
3
15
100
146
10
612
i
2
4
1,015
607
218
59
3,588
o
4
5
2,268
1,842
240
16
9,727
i
1
8
i
6**
1,690
1,695
275
100
5,339
1
7
7
1,494
1,001
137
39
6,078
2
2
5
32
8tt
-
25
6,909
6,760
989
295
28,485
3
4
10
57
a
•
•
Total.
,5th Bombardment.
% CtU BombarJ ' menl.
§ Lieut. Price wounded. % Lieut. Roberts wounded.
tt Lieut. Champion killed.
Capt. Snow killed. ft Capt. Fxtzsot killed, tt Pall of Sebastopol.
• Appendix.

222
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Ai'rpM'ix.
III.
REPORT ON THE ORDNANCE USED IN THE SIEGE.
(Covering Letter.)
Captain Cartiiew, R.A., to Colonel St. George, R.A.
Sir, Siege Train Camp, Sebastopol, 17th November, 1855.
I have the honour to enclose the proceedings of a Committee ordered to assemble by the Major-General commanding, to report on the condition of the Ordnance in use at the Siege of Sebastopol.
Each description of gun and mortar has been taken separately; and although it is impossible to discover how many rounds were fired from any one gun, and only an approximate average can be given, yet we are all well aware from our personal experience in the trenches, that some guns of each nature fired considerably more than the generality of the same nature, and the average number of rounds cannot be taken as the maximum limit of the endurance of iron ordnance as at present cast.
It has also been found impossible, in many instances, to identify the guns or mortars which burst, owing to the fragments having been buried or sunk in the ground.
I have, Ac.
(Signed) E. J. Carthew,
Colonel St. George, Captain R.A., President.
Commanding Siege Train,
Ac. Ac.
Report.
13 -inch Mortars. —Thirty-five Land-Service 13-inch mortars were in use during the Siege.
One of these, which was of the old chambered pattern, burst; it was fired at the full charge of 9 lbs., and had stood the same for several rounds.
No date can be found on this mortar, the only marks being L. M. ^ and 99, and the weight, 38 cwt. 2 qrs. 21 lbs., in front of the vent.
One was rendered unserviceable by being struck in the muzzle by one of the enemy’s shells.
Three were rendered unserviceable by the bursting in their muzzles of shells borrowed from the French, and fired with English fuzes upwards of 50 years old.
All, with the exception of the one which burst, were continued in use till the end of the Siege.
The new pattern 13-inch mortar beds are decidedly defective, the rear transom having broken in nearly every case after a few rounds of firing.
The vents of these mortars have not suffered from the rapid and continued fire to which they were subjected.
One mortar is defective in the metal, a small hole about l£ inches deep and \ an inch in diameter, having formed in the bottom of the chamber ; this appears to have been the result of age tmd neglect previous to its being landed in the Crimea. This mortar was never used except when

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
22a
absolutely necessary to keep up a very heavy fire ; the only marks on it are the weight, 38 „ 3,, 6 /j\, and 26 on the trunnion.
The total number of 13-inch shells used was 39,345. There having been only 34 13-inch mortars in use altogether, many of which have only been in position for a few months, those first in position must have fired between two and three thousand rounds ; yet no mortars have become unserviceable from heavy fire.
The charges generally in use for these mortars varied from 4 to 7 lbs. ; some, however, were occasionally used in firing at the Shipping with charges as high as 9 lbs.
AreEstHx.
13 -inch Sea-Service Mortars (with old pattern beds'). —There were four 13-inch Sea-Service mortars of 83 cwt. with wooden beds of the old pattern.
These mortars were fired continually and rapidly from the April bombardment till the end of the Siege, with charges varying from 10 to 16 lbs. They have not suffered either in the metal or vent, although their beds are much shaken.
13 -inch Sea-Service Mortars (with neiv pivot beds). —Two other Sea-Service mortars, with the new pattern pivot beds, were sent out; but owing to the difficulty of laying the beds, these mortars were never put into position.
10 -inch Mortars. —Thirty-five 10-inch mortars were in use ; one was rendered unserviceable by being struck in the muzzle by the enemy.
Two burst; both of these were of the old chambered pattern. One of them had no distinguishing marks, but appears from its shape and the state of the metal to have been veiy old.
Tho other mortnr was marked 120 on the trunnion, and 15 cwt. ^ in front of the vent ; and from its appearance seemed to be a very old mortar.
At the time of the bursting of these mortars they were both being fired with charges under 4 lbs.
Four of these mortars were rendered unserviceable by the bursting of shells in their muzzles, the fuzes used being very old.
These mortars were all continued in use till the end of the Siege, with the exception of the two which burst.
The beds of these mortars were all defective, and broke in the rear transom in exactly the same way as the 13-incli mortars.
The total number of 10-inch mortar shells fired was 37,345.
As only 17 of these mortars were in use up to the 17th June, those first in position must have fired upwards of 1,700 rounds ; some must have fired considerably more than this : but neither the vents nor metal appear to have suffered materially in any case.
These mortars were fired with charges varying from 2 to 4 lbs.
8 -inch Mortars. —Ten 8-inch mortars were in use during the Siege. The total number of rounds expended was 3,174 ; but only four of them were ever much in use, and none of them have become unserviceable.
Coehorn Mortars.— Of the 5-^-inch Coehorn mortars in use, only eight were much fired from. The total number of rounds fired was 4,847.
None of these mortars are unserviceable.
68 -pounders, 95 Cwt. —Seven 68-pounders of 95 cwt. were in use in the English Batteries, two of which are still serviceable.

224
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
Two burst ; one of them in consequence of a shell from the enemy exploding iu its muzzle at the instant it was fired, the other from having been fired (by the Naval Brigade) at a high elevation, after having fired over 2,000 rounds.
A third unserviceable gun was struck thirteen times by the enemy and split in the muzzle, but was used with an iron band round the muzzle ; and on losing a trunnion was sunk in the ground and fired at a high elevation, and has not burst.
The total number of rounds fired by these guns was 4,649 solid shot; the exact number of shells used is unknown, as the same shells were used indiscriminately for the 68-pounders and 8-inch guns.
Two 68-pounders were lent to the French. One of them burst ; but from the state of the vent it is apparent that it had been fired long, and that it was the result of over work, and not the fault of the metal.
These guns are from the Low Moor Foundry, and of the date 1847 to 1855.
10 -inch Guns, 85 Cwt .—There were ten 10-inch guns of 85 cwt. during the Siege in use. One burst; one became unserviceable from use ; and one was destroyed by the enemy.
The total number of rounds fired was 6,111. The greatest number in use at any one time was seven, which gives an average of over 900 rounds for those first placed in position.
These guns have, with the exception of one of them, suffered very slightly.
The gun which became unserviceable was marked W. & Co., but had no date.
The remainder were from the Low Moor Foundry, and their date 1849.
S-inck Guns. —Seventy-six 8-inch guns were in use during the Siege. None of these guns burst. Twenty-five were destroyed by the enemy. Seventeen have been condemned since the termination of the Siege.
The total number of rounds of 8-inch ammunition fired was 64,280. Out of this 20,000 common shells were used indiscriminately by the 8-inch and 68-pounder guns of 95 cwt. ; but as there were never more than forty-six 8-inch guns in use at any one time, it is evident that these guns must have fired on an average considerably more than 1,100 rounds each.
Some of these guns have been rebouclied, and considering the heavy fire to which they have been subjected, their vents have suffered to a wonderfully small extent.
Those of 65 cwt. were marked B. F. O. on the trunnion, and were cast in the year 1843.
Those of 53 cwt. were from \V. h Co., and their dates 1851 and 1854, and from Low Moot- Foundry, with date 1854.
As a shell gun, the 8-inch of 53 cwt. was found very effective.
32 -pounder Guns .—Of these guns, one hundred and forty were in use during the Siege, of different natures ; but never more than sixty-one of them at any one period. Thirty-two were destroyed by the enemy, and the number of rounds fired was 65,379. Eighty-six of these guns were the 32-pounders of 56 cwt. one of which burst from over work. Twenty-three of these (included in the thirty-two above named) were destroyed by the enemy.
Seventy-three 32-pounders of all kinds were condemned as unserviceable, and thirty-five remained serviceable at the end of the Siege. Many of the 32-pounders, 56 cwt., have been re- bouched, and some of them were condemned as unserviceable in July ; but were replaced in the trenches on the 3rd and 4th September, owing to the scarcity of any but 32-pounder ammunition.
These guns fired on an average over 1,500 rounds, and some of them from their position over 2,000 rounds.
These guns were from Low Moor, W. & Co., and Can-on Foundries.
32 -pounders, 50 Cwt. —Thirty-two 32-pounders of 50 cwt. were in use. Seven were destroyed by the enemy. Twenty-five remain serviceable, and their vents are good.
The generality of these guns fired over 600 rounds, and some of them considerably more.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
225
These guns were cast at Low Moor in the years 184- and 1854.
The effect of these guns was good, the velocity being the same as that of the heavy 32-pounders of 56 cwt. ; while the ease with which they can be got into position, and the facility with which they are worked, renders them invaluable as a siege gun in the advanced trenches.
32 -pounders, 42 Cwt .—Four 32-pounders of 42 cwt. were in use, and fired about 600 rounds a gun.
Two were disabled by the enemy’s fire ; the remainder arc still serviceable, and the vents good. These guns were placed in position after the 7th June.
They were cast by W. & Co. in the year 1846.
The effect of this gun is exceedingly good.
Light 32-pounder Guns. —Eighteen light 32-pounders of the old pattern, and of various weights, were in use at the commencement of the Siege, but were all unserviceable before the April bombardment.
•
3 2-pounder Guns lent to the French .—Twenty-one 32-pounders of 56 cwt. were lent to the French ; some from the Carron Foundry, bearing date 1856, and the rest from W. & Co., but with no date.
There is no return of the ammunition expended by these guns, but from the appearance of their vents they must have been subjected to a severe and heavy fire.
One of these guns burst; the remainder are all unserviceable, the vents being enlarged to a diameter varying from one to two inches.
Lancaster Guns .—Seven Lancaster guns were in use ; of these, three burst. These were all the light Lancasters.
One was condemned as unserviceable at the end of the Siege ; this gun was a heavy Lancaster of 95 cwt. It had been struck in the muzzle by a shell from the enemy, and was split during the April bombardment; but a foot having been cut off the muzzle, it was continued iu use till the end of the Siege.
Two heavy and two light are still serviceable; one of these was never fired.
1,542 rounds of Lancaster ammunition were expended. They also fired a portion of the common 68-pounder ammunition.
(Signed) E. J. Cartiiew,
Captain Royal Artillery and Major,
President.
(Signed) War. J. Bolton, \
Captain Royal Artillery and Brigade Major, j
p Members.
(Signed) W.m. J. Hall,
Lieutenant, Royal Artillery. '
Approved.
(Signed) J. St. George,
Colonel,
Commanding Royal Artillery Siege Train.
A few remarks may be added to the above Report:—
Lancaster Guns. —These guns were generally condemned. They were considered unsafe and untrue. It has been asserted that they were not understood by the officers who served them at
ArrESDix.
F F

226
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix, the Siege of Sebastopol. They were tried for eleven months by officers and men of the Royal
Artillery and Royal Naval Brigade, good gunners, and of great experience, and were universally condemned. It was, however, the opinion of many officers that they were capable of great improvement.
The opinion of Sir Stephen Lusliington was requested as to the value of these guns, which he gave as follows :—
“ An opinion unfavourable to the Lancaster gun has been several times recorded by the officers «■' of the Naval Brigade ; but I would take the liberty of suggesting, that as great improvements “ have since taken place in the shell, no opinion then formed would be a fair criterion for the “ present gun. I should always prefer a 95 cwt. 68-pounder to any Lancaster gun for general
service.
“ The 56 cwt. Lancaster Siege Train gun is a bad gun, unsafe and untrue. We worked two “ in the First bombardment, both of which burst early in the Siege.”*
13 -inch Sea-Service Mortars .—Unwieldy pieces; the advantages of increased range do not counterbalance the extreme labour of working them. *
We had two in use during the five last bombardments, and two others we lent to the French {vide French Report).
IV.
Report furnished at the request of Sir Richard Dacres, K.C.B., upon the British Siege Materiel, placed at the disposal of the French during the Siege.
( Translation.)
Note upon the English Materiel employed in the different Batteries of the
French Attacks.
The Battery No. I. of the Cnrenage was armed with two 68-pounders, and 13 32-pounders.
68-pounder Guns _The fire of the 68-pounders was very exact; its constant regularity left
nothing to be desired.
The two pieces in the Battery No. I. fired upon the Maison-en-Croix and upon the Point Battery at about 2,000 and 2,100 metres (2,188 and 2,297 yards) ; their range was insufficient to reach the Shipping in the Roads.
With charges of 14 and 16 English lbs. the fire was good with the following elevations :—
7 inches 6 ^ !>
i to f-incli more when firing with shell.
Charges
Point Battery, Maison-en-Croix.
Point Battery, Maison-en-Croix,
14 lbs.
Charges
16 lbs.
The 68-pounder shells employed carried to great distances, with fuzes fixed and regulated beforehand for bursting.
The effect of these fuzes was regular, and no premature explosions have been reported.
The carriage of the 68-pouuder is very firm upon its slide ; it has not too great a recoil even
* Since the above was written these guns have been condemned in the service.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
22 7
with the highest charges ; but the working of it is very tiring, and during a rapid lire it has required 16 gunners, besides the director ; for an ordinary fire 14 gunners suffice.
The great number of men necessary for the working of the piece is the only inconvenience that has been noticed.
The two 68-pounder pieces in the Battery No. I. burst, one during the night of the 17th-l 8th August, the other on the 18th August in the afternoon.
They each tired 2,300 rounds.
For more than a month the dimensions of the vents had reached to 80 and 100 millimetres (3’ 1 and 3'9 inches).
The greatest precautions were taken when tiring, and all the men were placed under shelter at the moment of the discharge. It was desired to arrive at the bursting point of these pieces, and several little arrangements were made to prolong their duration.
2,2-pounder Guns .—The tire of the 32-pounder guns was equally satisfactory ; it was often remarked that this piece immediately became hot when the tire was rapid, that its exactness was partially lost; but after a sufficient time to cool, the ordinary regularity of its tire returned.
The 32-pounder guns of the Battery No. I. tired upon the Mamelon Vert at 1,350 metres (1,476 yards), upon the Malakoff at 1,800 metres (1,969 yards), and the Redan du Carenage at 1,700 metres (1,859 yards).
The charges of powder used were 8 and 10 lbs.
The shells were tired, with 8 lb. charges.
The following elevation gave a good tire :—
'5 to 5’5 inches. 6 to 6 - 5 ,,
5'5 to 6 „
Mamelon Vert, Mnlnkoff,
Redan du Carenage,
Elevation
With the 8 lb. charge with round shot each of the preceding elevations should bo augmented by live inches to allow the corresponding range, \ of an inch when tiring with shells.
The fuzes employed had a cap. They were made with a spiral indicator, showing the points
at which the fuze ought to be bored to obtain the length required to burn before the explosion of
the projectile.
The etfect of these fuzes was very satisfactory, and the regularity of the bursting of the shells made the fire completely efficient.
Four gunners and a director worked very easily the 32-pounder ; but with a charge of 10 lbs. the recoil is considerable, and necessitated placing behind the carriage sand-bags forming an inclined plane towards the piece upon the platform.
The laying of this piece had some inconvenience.
The elevating quoin is moveable upon a supporting quoin, which rests, one part upon the hind transom, the other upon the transom bolt of the carriage.
The supporting quoin carries a socket to receive the transom bolt to which it is attached by a pin run underneath to prevent its being raised. The shock caused by the fire frequently disengages the pin ; the supporting quoin under these circumstances becomes loosened; it is raised, and the elevating quoin escapes.
In these cases it is necessary to replace the whole system, which occasions loss of time and fatigues the gunners.
The English platforms which have been employed with the 68-pounders and 32-pounders have stood well; they are solid, do not easily become damaged, and are easy to construct and repair.
In recapitulation, the 68-pounders and 32-pounders are good guns; their fire had a constant regularity, and was in every respect satisfactory. They only appeared to present the inconveniences above mentioned.
F F 2

228
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Ari-ENDIX.
13 -inch Mortars .—The 13-inch mortars upon a wooden bed in Batteries No. VI., No. XXXVII. and No. I., Aqueduct Battery, have given rise to a few observations.
Tins mortar was tired generally at a distance of 2,000 metres (2,188 yards), a range regularly obtained with 3^ kilo, powder (7 lbs. II '5 o
Its tire was always very correct, and in that respect left nothing to be desired.
But the laying of the piece appeared difficult, long, and tiring. It required eight men and a. director, so as to have two men for each handspike.
The lateral movement was still more difficult, as the bed has no horns to afford a purchase.
The introduction of the shell into the bore is also not without difficulty, on account of the height of the mouth of the piece above the ground, which is rather great even for the tallest, men.
To obviate this inconvenience, pieces of scantling 30 to 40 centimetres square were placed before the mortar, upon which the men mounted.
The platform was formed of two beds of squared timbers joined together, laid upon three sleepers. The upper timbers were laid parallel to the line of fire, and were bound by iron rivets to the lower timbers
This platform had all the solidity desirable for firing 13-inch mortars.
10 -inch Mortars .—The officer who served the 10-inch mortars in No. XXXII. Battery of the Right Attack, and No. XXXI. of the Left Attack, reported the great correctness of the piece at the range of 1,400 metres (1,531 yards).
The charge of powder generally used was 4 lbs. ; this caused a considerable recoil, and a shock to the bed which threatened its solidity.
The beds of the 10-inch mortars in use were of cast iron.
The quoin which, resting upon the fore transom, gives the elevation to the mortar, is at times displaced by the firing, and it is not easy to promptly replace it.
Among the shells which were furnished some had the fuze hole well rounded off uniform, others had the fuze hole very badly made ; the English fuzes could only be used with the former ; the latter, notwithstanding the fuzes were expressly made for them, gave a detestable fire (km detestable tir).
The English fuzes that were used were similar to those remarked upon in the case of the 32-pounders. They were again acknowledged as good when firing the 10-incli mortars.
The platforms furnished for the 10-inch mortars in No. XXXI. Battery of the Left Attack were composed of six sleepers, upon which rested fir planks joined together, of about 12 centimetres square.
These planks well finished formed a platform neat and uniform, but which appeared not to have sufficient solidity.
The sleepers were placed upon rocky ground carefully prepared for their reception. The covering planks, fixed to the sleepers by bolts, formed a solidly’-bound platform.
With the 4 lb. charges the recoil was considerable, and the mortar was frequently thrown back off the platform ; the planks being then pressed one against the other, ended by’ being knocked up, and in a short time became unserviceable.
The platforms in No. XXXI. Battery of the Left. Attack required continual repairs. They* were obliged to be repaired.
In recapitulation, the English pieces employed in the French Attacks fired with precision and regularity.
The working of the 68-pounders and 13-inch mortars on the wooden bed was tiring and slow, both in loading and laying.
The 32-pounders and the 13-incli mortars had a considerable recoil with high charges, a recoil which appeared to threaten the solidity’ either of the bed or of the platform.
The manner of laying the 32-ponnder by means of two quoins upon one another presented some inconvenience.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
229
The observations made in the report of No. XXXI. Battery agree with those of the Director of the “ Parc du Moulin,” who says that the platforms were not sufficiently solid, and that after they had been laid and taken up several times the most of the wood was unserviceable. He mentions more particularly the five IO-iucli mortar platforms in No. XXXII. Battery, Right Attack, which leads to the presumption that the fire of the 30-inch mortars above all damages them.
The fuzes for the shells, whether fixed or otherwise, have in general produced their effect with regularity, and both are considered good.
(Signed) The Lieut.-Colonel of Artillery, Sebastopol, loth April 1856. De Beutzmf.n.
V.
Return showing the Quantity of Ammunition the French received from the British Stores between the 23d February and 9th September 1855.
Description of Ammunition.
Number.
Remarks.
c 32-pounder -
Shot, solid - - - \ 1 ,
f 68-pounder -
p 32-pouuder -
Shells -< 10-iuch
43,009
3,284
1,444
1,200
This ammunition was received by the French at Balaklava. There was also a quantity of shot and shell issued from the Right Attack Depot.
L 13-inch
1,080
Cases containing L. G. Powder and charges 1 of Sorts - - - -1
855
Barrels containing L. G.Powder and charges \ of Sorts - - - - /
1,305
Cases of Powder - -
Barrels do. - - -
144
112 ->
From the Col Depot, 12th & 13th April 1855.
(Signed) E. Reilly,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General.
VI.
GENERAL REMARKS ON SIEGE EQUIPMENT.
All the materiel sent for the Siege of Sebastopol, with the exception of some fuzes in the early part of the Siege, was of the very best description, and left little to be desired. There were some deficiencies in quantity, which will be briefly noticed.
Artificers .—A larger proportion of skilled artificers, smiths, and wheelers, should be sent with a Siege Train, with ample means for carrying on their work.
The common field forge was the only one in use in the gun parks. It is altogether inadequate for the purpose, and is certainly not in keeping with the advanced state of mechanical appliances for the construction and repair of carriages.
ArrK.vmx.

230
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Apfendix.
The French were better supplied in this respect; the only point perhaps in which the comparison between their equipment and ours was unfavourable to the latter.
We had constantly to apply to the Engineers of the Fleet for assistance, such as rebouchiug guns, &c., which our own artificers should have had the means and skill to perform.
Rounds per Gun. —The proportion of 500 rounds per gun is considered quite inadequate. 1,000 would be better.
Sir R. Dacres’ opinion was given thus :—“ 1,000 rounds a gun is a fair average, and I consider “ it unsafe to reboucli a gun which has fired that number. The vents of some go before, say 500 “ rounds ; then I think rebouchiug and firing perhaps 500 more safe ; after that, though to all “ appearances perfectly sound, I consider the gun apt to burst.”
Tubes, Fuzes, fyc. —The proportion of extra tubes and fuzes per rounds is also inadequate, and should be largely increased. They are easily carried.
Lanterns. —A better description of lantern for the magazines is much required. During the latter part of the Siege, when the fire was constant throughout the night, dark lanterns borrowed from officers of the Artillery were used.
A larger quantity of small stores of every description would be most advisable.
Handspikes had to be sent for to the Arsenal at Constantinople, from which at one time 600 were obtained.
IJght-balls. —No light-balls were sent with the Train. They were constantly required to bo thrown for the discovery of tlic enemy’s working pnrtics. All those used were procured from the Arsenal at Constantinople.
■ Carts for heavy Shells. —Some description of cart for carrying heavy shells should be sent with a mortar train ; if 13-incli mortars are to be used, none of the carts at present in use, except the trench cart, which is unsuited for draught, being strong enough for the purpose.
A small strong cart for moving these shells through the trenches to the batteries is much required.
The following letter bears upon this subject :—
Camp before Sebastopol,
gin, 22d August 1855.
I have the honour to direct your attention to the inefficient means of transport that exist for the purposes of the Siege.
The carriages I have at my disposal are quite unequal both in number and strength to its requirements.
They consist of Flanders waggons, trench and hand carts, some stripped waggons, and a few old timber waggons. The weight that these carriages and carts have to bear from the railway to the Batteries is quite enormous, and the wear and tear upon them is consequently very great, and there are not and have not been anything like adequate means to keep them in repair. The artificers are not sufficiently numerous, and the necessary materials for repairs have not existed in the Crimea during the greater part of the Siege. Frequent applications have been made for such materials unsuccessfully. At present there is none whatever for these purposes.
With the different Siege Trains there have been no carts sent out constructed for the purpose of carrying 13-incli shells ; the Flanders waggon is only enabled to do so by nailing strong battens on its bottom and sides, and even then, it soon becomes, unserviceable. The trench cart is the only carriage at the disposal of the Siege Train of strength sufficient for the purpose, but it is ill

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
231
adapted to horse draught. As the Batteries have been increased, and mortar batteries constructed and armed, the wear and tear of these carriages has nearly destroyed them, and my means of supplying these Batteries with the necessary ammunition lias proportionally diminished.
An estimate of one day’s firing and one day’s supply is given ; by which it will be seen that with the present means the expenditure must always exceed the receipts, and if the Batteries continued for any length of time to keep up a fire, the ammunition in the Batteries must be exhausted in a few days, even if the influx of shot and shell from Woolwich is continuous :—
17 tli August.
Weight of shot and shell expended in Batteries - Weight to supply the expenditure sent in - -
Tons.
- 456
- 73
Cwt.
19
0
Qrs.
2
2
Lbs.
20
14
383
19
0
6
The expenditure of powder the same day was : —
Royal Artillery ------
Naval Brigade ......
Tons.
- 39
- 12
Cwt.
12
7
Qrs.
3
2
Lbs.
10
10
52
0
1
20
It having been intimated to me that a large additional number of mortars are to be put in position against Sebastopol, I beg earnestly to suggest the necessity of their being accompanied from England by adequate means of transport for their shells.
With only our present armament, however, if immediate steps are not taken to remedy these wants, our operations must soon be paralyzed by the gradual extinction of our means of transport.
Even should the railway be brought to work up to each of the depots, every available cart would still be required to take the loads on to the Batteries and to the advanced trenches, distances varying from one to three miles, and over tracks that are very bad even in the driest weather, cut up as they are by shot and shell holes.
I beg leave to add, as allied to the subject, that the want of materials and labour to repair gun carriages during this protracted Siege has been the cause of much waste ; since, I understand, it has frequently happened that one carriage disabled, though repairable, has been broken up to repair another disabled carriage, and a serviceable gun is thus also rendered unavailable for the Siege.
It appears to me that the chief difficulty under which the Siege Train has laboured is the perpetually recurring belief that the Siege of Sebastopol is on the eve of its termination, and that it is useless to furnish supplies that will never be required. My obvious duty, however, is to press upon your notice the deficiencies that exist, and to request you will forward my Report to the Director-General of Artillery, that they may be adequately supplied.
I have, &c.
(Signed) J. St. Geokge,
Lieut.-Colonel Dupuis, C.B., Lieut.-Colonel R.A., Commanding Siege Train.
Commanding Royal Artillery, Crimea.
Platform Waggons .—These waggons are scarcely strong enough for all that may be required of them. The perch particularly requires strengthening, as it frequently broke.
Appendix

232
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
Flexible Springs .—These springs were tried in various ways, and were universally condemned.
Madras Platforms .—The Madras platforms were laid with the greatest possible care ; a work of much time and labour. They are not at all adapted for use in distant batteries where much lateral range is required. They were found useless in wet weather, as they would not traverse, and they require to be laid on a hard soil.
They were considered so cumbrous a failure that those which arrived after the First bombardment were given over to the Engineers, for sleepers for the mortar platforms.
VII.
MEMORANDUM OF TRANSPORT.
The want of proper Siege Train transport has been frequently spoken of as the greatest difficulty of the Siege. The Siege of Sebastopol was an exceptional case ; therefore no general rule can be deduced from the experience there obtained.
Although the trenches were only seven miles from the point of debarkation of the stores, the very large supplies of borrowed transport obtained during the later period of the Siege, viz., from 10 or 12 Field Batteries, and two or three Troops of Royal Horse Artillery, with occasional assistance from the Land Transport Corps, besides a railway for five miles of the distance, were quite inadequate to the large demands for the service in the trenches.
Whether in future horse transport should be sent with a siege equipment, and be regularly nttnclicd to it, is a point upon which much difference of opinion exists ; but, being one of the most vital importance, should engage the serious attention of the departments concerned.
The efficiency of the Horse Artillery and Field Batteries was greatly impaired by the unsparing use that was made of their horses during the winter in the service of the Siege, which rendered some of them quite unable to move even their guns into the field until the remounts arrived from England.
The horses of the Field Batteries were at a long distance from the Siege Depots and the trenches ; they had therefore to be demanded by requisition, had a long distance to come to and return from their work, and were often not available at the moment required. Much valuable time was thus lost, and unnecessary fatigue caused to both horses and men.
General Sir R. Dackes, who commanded the Royal Artillery in the East, gives his opinion as follows :—
Where forage is plenty, and the Field Battery horses might be required whilst the siege is going on, there cannot be a doubt that horses should be attached to the Siege Train. The horses should be kept where the. ammunition is lauded, or close to it.
The spare animals and horses of the second line of waggons might be generally available for this purpose ; but again, if they are required to draw forage (as at Sebastopol) for the gun and first line of waggon horses, they would be required solely for this purpose, to keep the battery efficient.
The French Artillery horses draw the ammunition, &c., but do not draw their own forage. Our Artillery horses drew also their own Commissariat stores, clothing, &c.
(Signed) R. J. Dacrf.s,
Major-General.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
233
Colonel Warde, who commanded the Siege Train for six months, says :—
Appendix
No Siege Train ought ever, in my opinion, to leave this country during a time of war without -
full and adequate means of transport being sent out with it, unless it was clearly ascertained that such means of transport could not only be procured in the country in which the siege operations were to be carried on, but that it could be assembled at the point of debarkation, and be in perfect readiness by the time the materiel arrived there.
I have come to this conclusion in consequence of the great delays and difficulties which occurred during the operations before Sebastopol from a want of this means of transport, from the utter ruin, and I may almost add annihilation, of our Field Artillery, owing to their being compelled to act as transport for the heavy siege materiel during inclement weather, and also because any field operations were rendered impossible under such circumstances without the necessity, in consequence of such operations being undertaken, of immediately raising the Siege.
It is idle to object to an efficient establishment of men and horses being granted for the above- mentioned purpose on the score of expense, such outlay being more than quadrupled by the delays which will, on all occasions, inevitably arise from the want of such an establishment being provided.
The want of a sufficient number of gunners and a continued supply of ammunition was much felt on the occasion now referred to, and was the cause also of an enormous expenditure both of life and money.
(Signed) E. C. Warde,
Colonel, Royal Horse Artillery.
Colonel St. George, who succeeded Colonel Warde in the command of the Siege Train, writes :—
I consider it my duty, at the close of this unprecedented Siege, to offer some observations on points in the Department under my charge which, in my opinion, late experience has shown to be open to improvement.
The constant and greatest difficulty in the course of the Siege was the precarious and sometimes inadequate transport. Siege guns and mortars had to be dragged for miles over a tenacious soil into the Batteries, to be again exchanged for pieces of larger calibre, which, as they became disabled had to be replaced by serviceable ones. Every day for eleven months tons of ammunition had to be brought up from the wharves at Balaklava to the front, and every night to be again transported into the Batteries.
The proximate amount of materiel brought up during the Siege, exclusive of carriages, was—
Tons.
Powder .... 1,640
Shot and shell - - - 9,053*
Guns and mortars - - 1,056
11,749
And much of it had frequently to be moved from one Battery to another, and at the end of the Siege to be withdrawn from the trenches.
The railway generally gave me such assistance as it could afford, in bringing ordnance and ammunition to the depot on the plateau, from whence it had to be taken several miles by horse
* In making up this calculation the quantity of shot and shell remaining in the Batteries was omitted to be added to the quantities (9,053 tons) expended.
G G

234
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix, power. The Land Transport Corps also assisted with mules for the carriage of powder and cartridges through the trenches.
The Siege Trains are nominally dependent for the removal of their armaments on the transport of the country and the assistance of the peasantry ; but in a war like the present the country supplies neither peasantry nor transport.
The horses of the Field Artillery were thus called upon to furnish a large number of teams daily and nightly. It is not within my province to question whether the efficiency of the Field Batteries was not liable to be impaired by the abstraction of their horses for employment in this service.
The Army did not act in the field during the late Siege ; its Field Batteries were always on the spot, and their invaluable assistance, as far as it could be given, was never withheld.
But in the course of future campaigns, such a combination of circumstances is not likely to recur, and if the siege of fortresses is undertaken, most probably it will be simultaneous with operations that would call for the presence of the Field Batteries in the field.
I therefore beg leave to offer for consideration, the suggestion that the Siege Train, as such, should be permanently supplied with a sufficient number of draught animals for its own purposes on all ordinary occasions. I do not speak of the necessities of a long march through the country ; in such an event energetic means taken at the time might surmount the difficulties to be apprehended, and it would not be advisable to make expensive provision for a contingency that is so remote.
But the transport of materiel from the shipping to the trenches will always be necessary in land operations, and such motive-power at least should, in my opinion, bo inherent in the Siege Train itself.
The number of horses would of course depend upon the extent of operations ; it should never be under edxty.
I believe that 200 effective horses of power and weight would have been sufficient, for the Siege of Sebastopol, to relieve me from the necessity of making demands on the Field Batteries, except possibly on some extraordinary occasions.
The Battering Train Equipment includes harness and materials, and artificers for its repair.
The Siege Train Companies could furnish men with a sufficient knowledge of the care and treatment of horses to undertake the charge ; the teams could be driven from the road side or from the saddle as might be decided upon ; and the proposal might be carried out without inconvenience, and at little expense.
I would beg leave to advert to my letter of the 22d August ou the subject of transport, and to point out again the inadequate strength and number of the carriages at my disposal for the purposes of a siege and bombardment with the calibres now in use. It would be very advantageous if the attention of the Carriage Department were directed to the construction of a description of waggon that should have sufficient power of resistance for the carriage of the heaviest mortar shells, and shot.
Allow me to remark that the india-rubber springs lately adopted have in my opinion failed.
(Signed) J. St. Geokge,
Colonel, Commanding Siege Train.
Colonel C. Dickson’s opinion is as follows :—
I am of opinion that it is of most vital importance that no Artillery Siege Equipment should leave England unprovided with some means of transport sjiecially attached.
I consider that a sufficient number of draught horses equal in number to the strength of a Field Battery, say from 150 to 200, ought to accompany a Siege Train of any magnitude—that is, of 50 guns and mortars, or aliove that number.
Even supposing the means of transport are afterwards to be found in the country where the

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
235
operations are to take place, I think such a reserve of horses would be found most valuable ; and
Appendix
much time would be saved at the commencement of siege operations by having the animals for transjmrt at hand without the necessary delay of collecting them in the country, and the Field Artillery would be left unembarrassed; and should there be no available means of transport in the
country (as in the Crimea) any additional requirements could be met by the horses of the reserve
or third line of waggons of the Field Artillery.
It is a very difficult matter to lay down any fixed rule for the requirements in horses of a Siege Train, hut such a siege as that of Sebastopol is not likely to occur again within the present generation ; and I think, therefore, such a supply of horses as is given above would be sufficient to save the Field Artillery from any heavy demand upon its resources, save such additional assistance as could be given without crippling its efficiency for active operations.
(Signed) C. Dickson,
Colonel, Royal Artillery.
The following Tables show the relative assistance given by the Horse Artillery, Field Batteries, and Mules of the Land Transport, and by the Railway after the month of February 1855. Before that date no record was kept:—
Return of Ordnance and Ammunition conveyed by Royal Horse Artillery from Balaklava to the Front between the 23d February and 9th September 1855.
Description of Ammunition.
Number.
Cases containing L. G. Powder and charges of Sorts Barrels containing X. G. Powder and charges of Sorts Cases of Tubes ....
Cases of Fuzes -
Barrels of Slow Match ...
465
296
144
20
6
”"13-iucli
10-inch
351
922
528
284
65
600
Shell
-<( 8-inch | 32-inch (_24-inch
Shot, 9-pounder
Guns
24-pounder
32-pounder
8-inch
i
4
19
8
12
Mortars, 13-inch
G G 2

236
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Appendix.
Return of Guns and Ammunition conveyed by Field Batteries, Royal Artillery, from Balaklava to the Front between the 23d February and 9th September 1855.
Description.
1
Number.
("24-pounder
385
32- „
52
Shell.<]
8-inch
188
10- „
900
[l3- „ - - -
241
Shot, solid, 32-pounder ...
-
85
Cases containing Tubes -
-
3
Do. Do. Fuzes ...
-
57
Do. Do. Portfires -
-
1
'24-pounder
3
Guns - -----<
32- „
5
8-inch
2
Mortars, 13-inch ...
-
11
Return of Guns and Ammunition conveyed from Balaklava to the Front by Artillery Waggons, between the 24th June and 9th September 1855.
Description.
Number.
("6-pounder
1
Guns - - - 32-pounder
18
(_8-iuch
20
("8-inch ...
1,672
Shdl .^ 10-inch
150
[_13-incli -
115
Cases containing L. G. Powder and charges of Sorts - - -
266
Barrels containing L. G. Powder and charges of Sorts -
469
Cases containing Fuzes -------
5
Cases containing Tubes ... .
1

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
237
Appendix.
Return of Ordnance and Ammunition conveyed by Mules from Balaklava to the Front between
the 23d February and 9th September 1855.
Description of Ammunition.
Number.
Cases containing L. G. powder and charges of Sorts ...
514
Barrels containing L. G. powder and charges of Sorts ...
1,525
... r 24-pounder
Shot, solid - - - - <
920
132- „
5,662
1,652
Shell, common - - - <
l 8-inch
3,077
Return of Ordnance, Ammunition, &c., sent from Balaklava by Railway Conveyance between
the 28tli February and 9th September 1855.
Description.
Number.
'10-incli ...
20
Guns
-<
8- „
19
68-pounders -
8
1.32- „ -
45
"13-inch ...
15
Mortars
-■i
10- „
16
8- „
14
1
1
_ )
19
Shot, hollow
■ 10-inch ...
4,695
•
-
8-„
31,123
"68-pounder ...
7,018
32- „
62,637
Shot, solid
.
-J
24- „
7,982
1
9-
229
6- „ - - -
100
^ 1 lb. boxes containing 100 each
750

233
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
Return of Ordnance, Ammunition, &c. sent from Balaklava by Railway— continued.
Description.
Shot, case, 32-pounder
Shell
-<
'13-inch 10 - „
8 - „
32-pounder
Carcasses
24- „ - -
6 - „ - - Hand-grenades, boxes
Light-balls -
Cases containing Rockets - -
•13-inch - 10 - „ - - 8- „ - - 5£- „
Valenciennes Composition, barrels
Slow-match „ -
Fuzes of Sorts, boxes -
Tubes of Sorts „ - - - -
Portfires of Sorts „ - - -
Cases containing L. G. powder and charges of Sorts
Barrels containing L. G. powder and charges of Sorts
Number.
830
36,672
35,590
19,950
7,618
6,438
40
194
399
360
769
1,151
30
996
63
37
752
99
57
6,090
16,344

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
239
-Appendix.
Return of Ammunition forwarded from Bnlaklava to the Front, on the 7th and 8th September
1855.
Description.
Number.
Remarks.
8-incli shell, filled - ...
472
By Artillery waggons.
Do. Do. - - -
92
W Battery.
Do. Do. - -
46
>X Battery.
10-incli Do. - - -
60
J
8- „ Do. - ....
1,538
10- „ Do.
62
>Land Transport waggons.
10- „ hollow shot ...
38
J
Shot
Shell
32-pounder 8-incli hollow 10 - „
10 -
13-
shell
1,540
1,710
698
34
2,236
>By Railway.
This was during the day and night before the assault, when it was of the last importance to have the Batteries full of ammunition, but the transport obtained was quite inadequate.
(Signed) E. Reilly,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General.
*** It is to be regretted that papers containing much valuable information as to the requirements of a Siege Train, stores, transport of materiel , &c. were lost in the destruction' of the Artillery Depot of the Siege, consequent on the explosion in the French Park on the 15th November 1855.

240
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
VIII.
Tills Memorandum is given as bearing upon the question of transporting the ammunition for heavy ordnance during the Siege.
It will be seen what enormous labour the transport of shot and shell of a large calibre entails ; even when (as can seldom be the case) there is the assistance of a railway, this difficulty must always be an obstacle to the use of very large guns or mortars at a siege at any distance from the sea.
Memorandum of Tons Weight of Shot and Shell, <Szc. which can be forwarded by the Railway per Diem, Six Days per Week and Seven Days per Week.
Balaklava, 27th August 1855.
SHELLS, COMMON.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
32-pr.
5^-inch.
1 Waggon carrying 3 Tons
35
78
164
306
480
60 Waggons per day, 180 Tons
2,100
4,680
9,840
18,360
28,800
Do. for 6 days per week
12,600
28,080
59,040
110,160
172,800
Do. for 7 days per week
14,700
32,760
68,880
128 520
201,600
( continued)
SHOT.
68-pr.
32-pr.
24-pr.
8-inch Hollow.
10-inch
48 lbs.
56 lbs.
Hollow.
1 Waggon carrying 3 tons
99
210
280
140
120
80
60 Waggons per day, 180 tons
5,940
12,600
16,800
8,400
7,200
4,800
Do. for 6 days per week
35,640
75,600
100,800
50,400
43,200
28,800
Do. for 7 days per week
-
41,580
88,200
117,600
58,800
50,400
33,600
Remarks.—Guns exceeding 4 tons weight require two “ trawlersmortars and beds, according to their weight, not
to exceed 4 tons in one “ trawler.”
Major Fortescue, , p. G. Pirox,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Major, R.A.
Royal Artillery.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
241
Appendix.
IX.
Returns showing the Number of Guns, &c. landed, and how accounted for.
No. 1.— List of Vessels that landed Guns, Mortars, &c. at Balaklava, between the 1st October 1854 and 8th September 1855.
Name of Vessel.
Guns.
Howitzers.
Mortars.
68-pounder.
4
£
©
8-inch.
32-pounder.
1
24-pounder.
18-pounder.
12-pounder.
Lancaster.
32-pounder.
8-inch.
24-pounder.
12-pounder.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
JS
o
a
* i
to
£
o
.5
i
-r
C Ct
J-H
s. s.
Harbinger
_
-
2
_
6
-
-
2
_
-
-
_
-
3
_
5
Star of the South
-
-
2
13
-
-
-
-
1
-
5
-
Sidney
-
-
4
“
2
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
5
-
Medway
-
-
-
—
“
—
—
—
“
-
5
“
10
—
Australian
-
—
10
—
15
—
“
—
—
—
“
—
—
—
-
—
Gertrude
-
-
-
10
-
10
10
-
10
10
6
-
-
-
-
-
12
Golden Fleece
“
-
-
-
10
-
-
-
“
“
“
10
-
5
-
-
-
Britannia
Elizabeth and Margaret! -
Oura<;oa, II.M.S.
Melita
Priscilla
Firefly
Black Prince
-
4
8
East Anglian
Surinam
Prompt
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
-
-
-
-
4
-
10
“
Supply (Tender)
Poictiers
5
1
—
-
-
—
City of London
-
Alipore
Sir John Easthope
Gibraltar
Cambria
4
Amity
Cyclops, II.M.S.
“
-
-
6
—
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
Alma
Firebrand, II.M.S.
Samuel Laing
Alps
15
5
Inflexible, H.M.S.
-
2
Lady Eglinton
6
2
-
-
-
Gladiator, HALS.
Arabia
2
Himalaya
Jason
2
4
Leander, II.M.S.
-
-
6
6
Orinoco
i
Rodney, II.M.S.
Supply (Tender)
-
-
11
14
Diamond, H.M.S.,T
Terrible, H.M.S., &c. >
7
6
-
52
&c. -J
Sent out for heavy)
battery - - J
Total
12
16
76
161
76
10
10
9
10
10
6
-
44
5
47
14
37
16
H H

242
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Al’PENDLX,
Returns showing the Number of Guns, &c. landed, and how accounted for— continued. No. 2.—Return of Ordnance used in the Siege remaining serviceable.
In Depot ...
At Balaklava
Total
Guns.
Howitzers.
Mortars.
68-pounder.
10-inch.
8-inch.
L*
d
*3
C
3
O
Oh
CN
CO
35
, 1 1
, , ! 24-pounder. |
I *. | 18-pounder-
12-pounder.
Lancaster.
32-pounder.
.fl
o
.s
00
24-pounder.
12-pounder.
13-inch.
o
.£
©
8-inch.
B
4>»
JS
d
a
eAo
o
n
34
-
4
-
3
-
-
40
37
13
1
36
16
o
ii
34
35
-
4
-
4
-
3
-
-
40
37
14
36
16
No. 3.— Return of Ordnance used in the Siege remaining unserviceable.
G UNS.
Howitzers.
Mortars.
Distribution.
-3
3
3
efi
o
U
o>
*3
3
3
u
Cl
*3
3
3
i.
01
■3
3
u
Ci
rS
3
3
u
o
1/3
O
Cl
*3
3
3
Cl
T3
a
3
d
-3
3
JS
3=
Cl
eC
d
.3
eu
00
B
©
d
.c
3.
E.
4
eu
©.
d
3
a
Oh
(N
o
3
3.
i
Oh
Ol
.2
CO
.2
6
d
.2
.2
-464
.2
oo
CO
CO
00
<N
1—1
N»>
In Depot ...
_
_
16
3
In Trenches
5
3
34
7G
18
—
1
—
—
_
—
2
3
—
_
—
In French Trenches
i
12
4
5
_
-
_
Burst, destroyed, con-1 demned, and buried at 1
8
11
43
1
1
various periods of the f
2
—
—
3
~
—
—
—
“
Siege - - - J
Spiked at the battle of 1
Balaklava - - /
Total
8
5
42
115
64
-
3
4
-
'
-
-
7
10
-
1
-
No. 4.— Return of Guns not accounted for in Tables 2. and 3.
G UNS.
Howitzers.
Mortars.
Distribution.
68-pounder.
| 10-inch.
8-inch.
Cl
-3
3
3
O
3-
d
co
24-pounder.
18-pounder.
12-pounder.
Lancaster.
'd
.2
00
32-pounder.
24-pounder.
12-pounder.
13-inch.
10-inch.
8-inch.
J=
d
.2
i
LO
e3
d
.2
In position in lines of"l Balaklava - - f
-
-
_
7
7
_
1
6
6
_
_
_
_
In position on Tchernaya -
-
-
-
2
_
4
_
4
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
Sent to Kertch
_
_
_
2
3
2
Sent to Royal Navy after ]
the Siege - -J
Canrobert’s Redoubt
Taken by the enemy on "|
25th Oct 1854, battle >
of Balaklava - - J
Sent to heavy battery
Total
2
-
-
11
12
6
7
1
7
10
6
-
2
-
-
-
-

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
243
ArPENDIX
Returns showing the Number of Guns, &c. landed, and how accounted for— continued. -
Recapitulation.
Guns.
... . i
Howitzers.
Mortars.
(J
Urn
|
1+
f-*
rS
TJ
T3
'O
S*
■§
TJ
'P
•p
p
o
eu
XS
o
.5
J3
W
a
a
s
o
a*
P
P
o
a
p
o
a,
c
p
o
Cl*
<S1
«
o
c
*3
P
P
o
Cu
P
P
§.
a
o
Ph
xt
O
.2
X
V
C
X
O
P
X
o
.2
-inch.
00
o
CM
Tf
00
CM
p
‘V
CM
t-H
co
o
*V
o
1-^
oo
co
CM
M
00
CM
CM
o
Accounted for in Table 1
No. 2. - - J
2
11
34
35
4
4
3
-
-
-
40
37
14
36
16
Accounted for in Table 1 No. 3. - - /
8
5
42
115
64
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
7
10
-
1
-
Accounted for in Table 1 No. 4. - - j
2
-
-
11
12
G
7
i
7
10
6
-
2
-
-
-
-
% Total
12
16
76
161
76
10
10
9
10
10
6
-
49
47
14
37
16
Sent out from England -
12
16
76
161
76
10
10
9
10
10
6
-
49
47
14
37
16
Kadikoi, 8th February 1856. (Signed) J. St. George,
Colonel Royal Artillery, Commanding Siege Train. (Signed) E. Reilly,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Siege Train.
X.
- REPORT ON FRENCH ARTILLERY MATI)RIEL, Extracted from “Le Moniteur Universel,” 25th October 1856. Materiel de l’Artillerie.
Bouches a feu
Designation des Objets.
Quantites.
Fare de Siege.
Canons
Canons
Obusiers
«( Obusiers -
Mortiers -
{
-{
de 24 -
de 16
de 12 de campngne de 12 -
de 12 legers de 22 de place de 22 de siege
' de 32
de 32 de cote - de 27 de 22 _de 15
72
44
20
24
12
20
55
20
12
102
18
118
103
24
Total des Bouches a feu
644
H H 2

244
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Al'PENDU.
Report on French Artillery Materiel— continued.
Designation des Objets.
Quantites.
Bouches a feu avec affuts et appro- visionnements.
Canons
Obusiers
Materiel mis a la disposition du Parc de Siege par la Marine. de 50
de 30 No. 1 -
de 30 No. 2 -
de 30 rayes ... Canons Obusiers de 30
f de 80 No. 1 - - - -
\ de 80 No. 2 -
De divers calibres mis hors de service dans le tir
Total des Bouches a feu
Bouches a feu Turques de tous calibres, avec Affuts
'de Siege f de 24 ]>our canons \ de 16 - - -
de Place pour obusier de 22 eu fonte -
Affuts
- <
de Campagne { 12 . . 0
1 ° [ lcgers de 12
do Montague pour obusier do 12
de 32
de 32 de cote de Mortier do 27
de 22 -
de 15 -
Total des Affuts
"Chariots porte-corps Triqueballes Chariots de pares Voitures diverses - <J Chariots de siege
Caissons h munitions - Chariots de batterie Forges de campagne -
141'
18
250
220
80
25
45
Total des Voitures
Boulets -
Obus
Projectiles -
- 1
f de 24 - 1 de 16 f de 22 < de 15 Ide 12 f de 32
* de 32 de cote de 27 - de 22 -
Grenades a main Boites a r de 24
balles. \de 16
Bombes -
J f r
Total des Projectiles
8
338
18
6
9
71
17
138
605
140
170
64
25
54
36
16
129
18
147
131
31
811
195,600
87,920
166,000
78,000
41,000
154,350
13,850
202,000
142,500
15,000
1,600
1,500
1,159,320

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
245
Report on French Artillery Materiel— continued.
Poudre et Munitions coufectionnees
I
Designation des Objets.
Quantites.
Cartouches a boulet pour canon de 12 Coups a obus et it balles pour obusier dc 16 Cartouches a obus et a balles pour canon obusier Cartouches a obus pour obusier de montagne Etoupilles fulminantes - Poudre a canon, en barils (kilog.)
20,240 20,240 10,000 4,000 2 , 019,000 2,474,000
Artillerie de Campagne. ("Canons obusiers de 12 -
Bouclies a feu - Canons obusiers do 12 legers - l Obusiers de montagne
Total des Bouclies a feu
174
66
6
246
Affuts et Voitures
Affuts legers de 12 Affuts de montagne Caissons a f do bouclies a feu munitions 1 d’infanterie Chariots de batterie Forges de campagne
320
7
480
196
MO
80
Total des Affuts et Voitures
1,163
Munitions
Coups pour
Cartouche
d’infanterie
f Canon obusier I. Obusier de montagne f a balle spheriqne l a balle oblongue
45,760
336
2,527,900
1,503,360
Parc de Campagne.
("Canons obusiers de 12 -
Bouclies a feu - < Canons obusiers de 12 legers -
LObusiers de 12 de montagne -
Total des Bouclies a feu
6
24
11
41
Affuts et Voitures- <"
Affuts legers de 12 Affuts pour obusiers de montagne Caissons a r pour canon obusier de 12 munitions \ pour cartouches d’infanterie Chariots de pare
Chariots de batterie ....
{ de campagne de montagne
Forges
173
27 618 340
61
62
28 19
Total des Affuts et Voitures
1,325
. ArrKNDIX.

246
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
IJkpokt on French Artillery Materiel— continued.
Designation des Objets.
Quantites.
Munitions (a)
Cartouches (I’infanteric < aballe
Spherique
Oblongue -
Evidde pour la garde
Messier -
Pour canon obusier
Pour obusier de montagne
61,606,868
n 1 11
[Coups - | p(
219,996
3,264
(a). Ces munitions reunies a celles portces par les caissons qui etaient en ligne, donnent un approvisionnement de 1,107 coups par piece de campagne et 600 coups par piece de montagne.
Qunnt aux munitions d’infanterie, l’approvisionnement etait de 547 cartouches par honnne, independamment dc 60 cartouches emportees par les homines tut moment de l’embarquement.
En resume, le Materiel d’Artillerie dont disposait l’Armee d’Oricnt comprcnait—
1,676 bouclies a feu de tons calibres. 2,083 affuts.
2,740 voitures. 2,128,0(X) projectiles. 4,000,000 kilog. dc poudre.
Observations.
Aussitot que l’expedition de Crimee fut resolue, on lit embarquer et on expedia_en Orient uu
equipage de siege d’uue soixantaine de bouches a feu, qui avait etc reuni a Toulon en prevision des eventualities de la guerre. Ce fut avec cet equipage que l’on se presenta devant Sebastopol.
L’energie de la defense, la quantite considerable de bouches a feu que la place mettait en batterie, le defaut d’investissement qui donnait a ce Siege un caractere particular, en permettant a l’ennemi de se ravitailler continuellement, firent bientot reeonnaitre l’insuffisance des moyens d’attaque dont on disposait, et l’on dut donner a l’equipage de Siege uu accroissement en dehors de toutes les premieres previsions.
II fallut reunir successivement a Marseille et a Toulon et envoyer en Criinee trois equipages supplementaires : le premier, de 58 bouches a feu ; le second, de 46 ; et le troisieme, de 150. Toutes ces bouches a feu etaient approvisionnees de 1,500 a 2,000 coups par piece.
L’ecole de Fyroteclmie, qui s’occupait depuis plusieurs mois, par ordre de l’Empereur, d’etablir des fusees de guerre de gros calibre ayant des portees de 5 a 7,000 metres, avait deja obtenu des resultats tres remarquables. II lui fut present d’nctiver encore ses fabrications, et elle parvint a confectionner et a expedier au pare de Siege 7 a 8,000 de ces fusees de guerre.
De son cote, le commandant en chef de l’Armee tira de l’arsenal de Constantinople 140 bouches a feu, des projectiles, et surtout de la poudre en quantite considerable. II demanda en meme temps a la Flotte, pour l’armament des batteries, des bouches a feu d’un puissant calibre ; le nombre des pieces empruntees ainsi aux vaisseaux et mises a la disposition du pare de Siege s’eleva bientot au chiffre de 605, dont 238 etaient en batterie dans les derniers jours du Siege.
Independamment de ces pieces, la Marine fournit encore, pour les besoins du Siege, les approvisionnements et les poudres dont la Flotte pouvait disposer sans compromettre son propre service.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
247
Enfin, la defense se prolongeant, l’Empereur ordoima d’expedier de France un equipage de 400 Ai 'pend ix mortiers, approvisionues chacun a 1,000 coups, destines a bombarder la place sans relaclie et a proteger nos attaques en rendant les ouvrages Russes iulmbitables.
L’einploi d’uu inoven aussi formidable promettait des resultuts innnediats et decisifs. Qu’on se figure, en effet, ce qu’auraient produit 400 mortiers approvisionnes chacun a 1,000 coups, pouvant lancer pendant vingt jours et vingt nuits plus de 830 bombes pur lieure, ou environ 14 bombes par minute.
l T ne partie settlement de ees mortiers fut mise en batterie, la place ayant ete prise avant que tons fusscnt arrives a destination.
L’organisation de ces divers equipages, leur reunion a Marseille, et leur embarquement, rencon- trerent de nombreuses difficultes : dies furent surmontees, grace aux ressources accumulees dans les places de Pempire et a l’activite deployee dans nos arsennux. Des ateliers ou se confection- naient les cartouches et les fusees de projectiles creux, et oil se preparaient les munitions des bouclies a feu, furent organises dans les places situees a proximite des voies ferrees, et travail- lereut sans interruption.
Les consommations de poudre atteignant des proportions enormes, les poudreries donnerent a leur fabrication unc extension inusitee, et livrerent en 1854 jusqu’a 1,600,000 kilogrammes de poudre de guerre. En 1855 dies purent en livrer 3,250,000 kilogrammes, sans ralentir la fabrication des poudres de ehnsse et de mine.
Le transport de cet immense materiel, dont le poids a depasse 50 millions de kilogrammes, cut ete cortninement impossible il y a peu d’annees encore.
Mais avec le reseau de chemius de fer qui relie Marseille aux principales villes de Pempire, les impossibilites disparurent, et nul retard lie vint troubler l^i continuite des embarqueinents.
Tels furent, d’ailleurs, les soins qui presiderent a ces operations, que 3 millions de kilogrammes de poudre, 70 millions de cartouches d’infanterie, 270,(XX) cartouches montees pour bouclies a feu de campagne, 7 a 8,000 fusees de guerre toutes chargees, et une immense quantile d’artitices, arri- verent a destination, sans que l’on ait eu a deplorer le moindre accident.
L’Artillerie, secondee par 6 compagnies du regiment d’Artillerie de Marine, par les Marins de la Flotte mis a terre, et par les auxiliaires do l’lnfauterie, eonstruisit, anna, et servit pendant le Siege 118 batteries, etablies sur un terrain lierisse d’obstacles et sous le feu incessant de la place, eu meme temps qu’elle assurait Parmement et l’approvisionnement des redoutes des camps et des lignes de Kamiescli. Ces batteries exigerent l’einploi de 800,000 sacs a terre et de 50,000 gabions.
Au jour de l’assaut, leur armement se composnit de 620 bouclies a feu. Elies avaient tire plus de 1,100,000 coups de canon, et consomme plus de 3 millions de kilogrammes de poudre.
Mnlgre le chiffre de ces consommations, dont l’histoire n’offre aucun autre exemple, le pare d’artillerie au moment de la prise de Sebastopol restait approvisionne a raison de 8 a 900 coups par piece, sans compter tout le materiel que les ports de France expediaient journellement.
Une quarantaine de bouclies a feu seulement etaieut hors de service. Les ressources de l’Artil- lerie lui permettaient done de continuer la lutte pendant bien longtemps encore.
Le materiel rainene en France pent etre evalue a 50 millions de kilogrammes, dont 38 millions de materiel I'Vancais et 12 millions de materiel Russe.

248
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
APPENDIX.
- XI.
No. 1.— Etat faisant connaitre les Partages faits le ll e Octobre 1855 au Grand Parc de l’Artillerie Fran§aise, et le 21 e Octobre 1855 au Parc du Moulin, des Bouches a feu Russes recueillies dans la place de Sebastopol depuis le 8 Scptembre jusqu’a cette epoque.
France.
|
Angleterre
Especes de Bouches a feu.
Calibres.
Poids.
Nombre.
Au Grand
Parc.
Au Parc du
Moulin.
Totaux.
Poids.
a
a
M .
O £
03
3 ^
3
1.S
U -3
a 5
C_i ©
£
3 ^
<
1
Totaux. ■
4
o
Pi
Kilo.
Canons - - -
0-095
360
35
n
6
17
6,120
12
6
18
6,480
0-080
102
2
1
—
1
102
—
1
1
102
Obusieurs - -
0*203
2,869
12
2
4
C
17,214
2
4
6
17,214
0-122
360
22
7
5
12
4,320
6
4
10
3,600
» *
O'llO
157
2
1
—
1
157
1
—
1
157
it
0‘080
102
4
1
1
2
204
2
—
2
204
Caronades - - -
o-iio
150
0
—
1
1
150
—
i
1
150
Mortiers ...
0-150
80
57
5
24
29
2,320
4
24
28
2,240
„ a plaque
O' 122
260
1 „
i
3
—
3
780
4
—
4
1,040
„ a la Coehorn
O’llO
21
14
7
—
7
147
7
—
7
147
„ cprouvette en bronze
—
100
1
1
—
1
100
—
—
—
—
„ „ en fonte -
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
1
—
i
—
Totaux
—
—
159
39
41
80
31,614
39
40
79
31,344
No. 2.—Etat des Bouches a feu Russes en Bronze recueillies depuis le Partage fait le 21 c Octobre 1855, et dont on propose le Partage de la maniere suivante.
Espiiccs de Bouches a feu.
W
4)
U
£
*3
U
t/3
3
*©
£-i
6
u
B
©
Lieux ou elles se trouvent.
France.
2
*©
Angleterre.
Poids.
Canons - - -
M.
0'097
360
10
Au Parc Anglais
5
1,800
5
1,800
Obusiers ...
0'203
2,869
1
Dcja embarquc pour France -
1
2,809
—
—
ft "
—
2,869
1
Au Parc Franyais
—
—
1
2,869
1* “
0-122
360
2
Au Parc Anglais
—
—
2
720
...
—
360
1
Au Parc Fran 9 ais
1
360
—
—
it *
0-110
110
1
a “
—
—
1
110
tt *
0-100
360
1
Dcja embarquc pour France -
1
360
—
—
ft “ * *
0-080
176
1
Au Parc Franfais
—
—
1
176
Totaux
—
—
18
—
8
5,389
10
5,675

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
249
No. 3.—Etat Recapitulatif des Bouclies a feu Russes en Bronze recueillies a Sebastopol, faisant Appendix.
connaitre la Repartition qui a ete faite entre les deux Nations Alliees. -
Especes de Bouches a feu.
Calibres.
Poids.
Nombre.
France.
Poids.
Angleterre.
Poids.
Canons .....
M.
O'097
360
45
22
7,920
23
8,280
O'080
102
2
1
102
1
102
Obusiers ....
O'203
2,869
14
7
20,083
7
20,083
O' 122
360
25
13
4,680
12
4,320
O'UO
157
2
1
157
1
157
O' 110
110
1
—
—
1
110
O'100
360
1
1
360
_
—
It"*’*
O'080
176
1
—
- ■
1
176
t» -
O'080
102
4
2
204
2
204
Caronades -
O' 110
150
o
i
150
i
150
Mortiers .....
0'155
80
57
29
2,320
28
2,240
„ a plaque - - -
O'122
260
7
3
780
4
1,040
„ a la Coehorn
O'llO
21
14
7
147
7
147
„ eprouvette en bronze
—
100
1
1
100
—
—
„ „ en fonte -
—
—
1
—
—
1
__
Totaux
—
—
177
88
37,003
89
37,009
[Two Russian Brass Guns were sent to General de la Marmora.]
Sebastopol, le 22° Avril 1856. (Signed) Le General de Brigade,
President de la Commission Mixte, Mazure.
XII.
Return of Russian Iron Guns, Carronades, and Mortars found in Sebastopol, and Shipped by the British Army for England.
Description of
Number
Remarks.
Guns, Carronades, and Mortars.
Shipped.
'3-incli
_
12
3J- „
-
10
4 „
-
89
4} „
-
54
5 „
-
23
Guns and Carronades -•<
»
6 ,, .
96
226
>Of these, 86 were unserviceable.
K „
-
276
" »
-
33
»»
-
28
8 „
-
11
Ln ,,
-
3
J
Total
861
'91-inch
-
6
Mortars - - -<
10 „
-
_
\
,13 „
-
8
1
> Of these, 7 were unserviceable.
Total
*
00
Note. —Several guns that were found loaded were thrown into the sea.
(Signed) E. Reilly, Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General.
I I

250
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
— XIII.
Return of Russian Shot, Shell, &c., found in Sebastopol, and Shipped by the
British Army for England.
Description of Shot, Shell, &c.
Number Shipped.
Shot, hollow and solid -------
145,438
Shells.
1,300
Shot, tier - - - - -
236
Shot, canister, rounds -------
25
Shot, canister, loose; measured by boxes made to contain 100 11b. shot, No.
300
Number of cases of Russian powder shipped for England
767
(Signed) E. Reilly, Major,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Siege Train.
XIV.
Return of Russian Stores found in Sebastopol, and Shipped by the British Army
for England.
Description of Stores.
Number.
Description of Stores.
Number.
Ammunition boxes
9
Iron, round,
£ inch, pieces
345
Axes, pick ...
13
Do.
1
99 >9
-
24
Bolts for gun carriages
24
Do.
I
99 99
-
140
Blocks, double -
17
Do.
1
99 99
_
20
Buckets - - .
2
Do.
if
99 99
-
10
Beds, mortar ...
5
Do.
if
99 99
-
40
Capsquares -
10
Do.
2*
99 99
-
1
Cases, metal lined, empty
48
Do.
3 2
99 99
-
1
Do. containing iron
21
Do.
pieces -
-
52
Cylinders, wood
14
Do. flat
99
-
166
Carriages for field guns
10
Do. plate
99
-135
Covers, leather, for waggons
2
Do. hammered „
-
250
Carriages, garrison *»
63
Do. hoop
99
-
50

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
251
Return of Russian Stores, &c.— continued.
Description of Stores.
Number.
Description of Stores.
Number.
Limbers for field guns
9
Rope, 10-inch, fathoms
1
Limber boxes ...
8
a 11 a a
4
Linings of powder cases
1
1 3
a a a
108
r Large
Pieces of Mantelets ■<
7
a I® a a **
52
l Small
11
Sheaves, brass, of blocks
2
Mantelets ...
2
Sponges, with staves
6
Platforms, iron, traversing
1
Do. and rammers (rope, naval)
2
Rope, 3^-inch, fathoms
68
Searchers, with staves
1
a ^ a ft
174
Shafts, pairs ...
2
tt tt tt
168
Swingletrees ...
2
it it ft ~
196
Shoes, drag, with chains
1
a ^ j, 5)
253
Slides for gun carriages
1
tt a it ~
292
Trucks, wood ...
2
a 7 it a
119
Wheels for limbers and carriages -
38
it & it it ~ "
58
Do.
18
a ft it
it ^ 2 ^ it tt
88
8
Wadliooks ...
10
(Signed) E. Reilly, Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General.
XV.
Return of the Number and Weight of Bells taken out of Sebastopol, and in charge of Lieut.-Colonel St. George, Commanding Siege Train.
Distribution.
Number.
Weights.
Cwt.
Qrs.
Lbs.
r
1
10
2
Siege Train Dep6t -<
2
2
3
16
3
1
2
—
4
—
2
24
27th October 1855. (Signed) J. St. Geoege,
Lieut.-Col., R.A., Commanding Siege Train.
11 2
Appendix.

252
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
XVI.
Table showing Services of Officers of the Royal Artillery in the Trenches before
Sebastopol.
Rank.
Names.
Joined.
Quitted.
Rejoined.
Remarks.
Major-General
Sir R. Dacres
_
May
18.04
_
_
_
Commanding Royal Ar-
Brigadier-Gene-
tillery.
J. E. Dupuis
-
it
1*
-
-
-
-
Commanding Royal
ral.
Horse Artillery.
Lieut.-(Jolonel
J. St. George
-
March
1850
-
-
-
-
Commanding SiegeTrain.
»>
E. C. Warde
-
January
11
August
1855
-
Invalided; Commanding
Siege Train.
»
I). Wood
Sept
1854
-
-
-
-
Commanding4thDivision.
J. W. Fitzmayer
-
May
It
-
-
-
-
Commanding 2d Division.
*>
J. H. Fraucklyn
-
May
1855
August
1855
-
-
Invalided; Commanding
Left Attack.
it
G. Gambier
-
June
1854
Nov.
1854
-
-
Severely wounded; com-
manding Siege Train.
if
A. Irving
-
August
it
March
1855
-
-
Commanding Depot, Scu-
-
tari; to England on promotion.
r
Commanding Companies
if
H. S. Rowan
-
October
it
January
if
-
- -J
Royal Artillery Siege Train ; to England on
ft
J. N. A. Freese
-
Sept.
it
February
it
-
-1
l
promotion.
»»
G. R. Barker
-
May
it
-
•
-
CommandirigLeftAttack.
Major
C. C. Youug
-
August
a
February „
-
-
Commanding 2d Com-
Lieut.-Colonel
pany, 12th Battalion ; slightly wounded.
C. Dickson
-
May
July
-
-
Wounded, 4th February.
Captain
G. Graydon
-
Dec.
—
—
—
tf
A. Oldfield -
•
-
-
-
-
Killed, August 1855.
ft
S. D. Broughton
-
ft
ft
_
—
—
f *
C. W. \ ounghusband
October
Nov.
1854
-
-
To Gibraltar, to join his
Major
Corps.
C. L. D’Aguilar
June
tf
March
1855
-
-
To England, on appoint-
Captain
ment to Royal Horse Artillery.
H. A. B. Campbell
-
Dec.
—
—
—
if
A. U. Wragge
-
„
ft
May
it
-
-
To Corfu, to join his
Major
Company.
M. C. Dixon
-
March
1855
—
—
—
Captain
H. Rogers
-
>»
ft
August
tt
-
-
Invalided.
if
A. C. L. Fitzroy
-
July
- .
-
-
-
Died of wounds, 10th
September.
E. II Fisher
-
Sept.
—
—
—
Major
H. J. Strange
-
June
1854
-
-
-
-
Deputy AssistantQuarter-
Master General, Siege Train.
Captain
M. Clifford -
-
July
1855
—
—
—
ff
M. Adye
-
May
-
-
-
_
Severely wounded, 5th
June.
if
A. C. Hawkins
-
March
—
_
_
ft
W. Al. Maekay
-
Sept.
—
—
—
„
W. J. E. Grant
-
January
July
tt
—
—
—
ft
G. Shaw
.
—
—
—
ft
Major
A. J. Lennox
-
—
_
—
C. S. Henry -
-
January
'it
-
-
-
-
Severely wounded, 17th
Captain
August.
Hon. 1). M. Fraser
-
August
1854
Dec.
1854
-
-
To England,on promotion.
tf
C. J. Strange
-
March
1855
August
1855
-
-
Invalided to Malta.
it
H. P. Newton
.
July
_
—
_
„
A. C. Gleig
Dec.
1854
—
_
_
Major
M. A. Biddulph
-
May
M
—
—
—

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
253
Return showing Services of Officers of Royal Artillery— continued.
Appendix.
Rank.
Names.
Joined.
Captain
H. A. Vernon
.
Dec.
1854
G. H. Miinian
-
May
1855
it
C. G. Arbuthnot
•1
ft
tt
J. W. Hastings
n
it
E. Moubray
-
June
1854
Major
H. L. Chermside
-
tt
it
Captain
A. E. H. Anson
-
May
1855
G. Barstow
-
June
1854
K. E. J. Crawfurd
-
May
1855
H. Hevman
-
March
W. E. M. Reilly
*
Nov.
1854
tt
C. H. Smith
-
May
1S55
H. T. Fitzhugh
_
J. L. Bolton
-
May
1854
tt
T. J. Soady
-
Dec.
tt
*»
J. Godby
•
May
1855
E. J. Carthew
-
Dec.
1854
it
J. Spurway
-
July
II
G. C. Henry
-
Sept.
tt
S. F. Childers
-
Oct.
»>
A. Gordon
-
May
1854
W. J. Williams
-
May
»
ft
W. D. Guille -
-
August
1854
C. E. Oldershaw
-
January 1855
N. 0. S. Turner
-
March
tt
R. Curtis
.
July
it
A. Sievwright
-
>»
tt
,,
J. Boulton
.
March
»>
J. Dickson -
-
May
1854
JE. Clarke
.
It
J. E. Hope -
-
June
it
„
W. W. Lukin -
-
August
tt
C. E. Walcott
-
March
G. Davis
-
July
1855
E. J. Bredin -
-
June
1854
»>
W. J. Bolton -
-
May
11
It
J. Sinclair
-
June
it
1 1
W. J. Wilson -
May
1855
Jt
W. II. Simpson
-
August
1854
„
L. W. Penn -
-
,,
it
E. G. Snow -
-
May
1855
tt
J. M. Savage -
-
„
It
it
C. P. Rotton -
-
Sept.
■tt
D. Jones
-
June
1855
C. II. Owen
-
July
1854
G. A. Milman -
•
Dec.
Lieutenant
R. Boyle
-
July
1855
E. Luce -
-
March
Captain
J. W. L’Estrange
-
Dec.
1844
C. E. Burt -
_
March
1855
H. Irvine
-
Lieutenant
K. H. Champion
-
Dec.
1854
Quitted.
Rejoined.
Remarks.
January 1855
Sept. 1855
—
Slightly wounded, 17th June; severely wounded, 26th August.
-
Slightly wounded, 24th October 1854.
August „
“
Adjutant at Scutari; to England, on promotion.
Sept. „
-
Invalided.
January „
—
Invalided.
“ " “
' ‘
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Siege Train.
*
“ ” “
Adjutant, Highland Division.
April
June 1855
Invalided, 5th September.
' _1 '
...
Adjutant, Scutari.
—
—
Elect. Telegraph Depart.
Feb. „
-
Adjutant 4th Division, i
...
Killed, 23d Oct. 1854.
-
-
Killed, 5th July 1855, in the Trenches.
-
-
Slightly wounded, 18th June 1855.
_
_
Died, 28th Oct. 1854.
—
-
Telegraph Depart., Varna.
—
Adjutant, Left Attack.
June ,
To England to join his Company. 1
Slightly wounded, 20th August 1855.
—
-
Slightly wounded, 24th October.
Sept „
-
Invalided.
March „
_
To England on promotion.
—
*
Brigade Major, Siege Train.
June „
...
Severely wounded, 10th April 1855.
April
_
—
-
-
Assistant Engineer.
_
Killed 6th Sept ,
—
—
Died 22d June. j
July »
—
ToEngland on promotion.
_
- - -
Killed 11th April.
-
-
Slightly wounded; Adjutant, Reserves.
Sept. „
-
To England on promotion.
August „
-
Invalided.
-
Severely wounded, 8th Sept 1855.

254
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
ArPENDII.
Return showing Services of Officers of Royal Artillery— continued.
Rank.
Names.
Joined.
Quitted.
Rejoined.
Remarks.
Lieutenant
T. L. Dames -
Dec.
18 5
__
_
W. G. Andrews
-
August
it
—
—
- ,
R. McKenzie -
—
—
—
H. Heberden -
-
July
1855
—
—
—
W. S. M.Wolfe
-
Dec.
1854
—
—
—
H. H. Conolly
-
March
1855
-
.
-
Slightly wounded, 9th
June.
W. C. Nangle
-
Sept
it
—
—
—
J. A. Price
-
Dec.
1854
—
—
—
J. H. Brown -
.
—
—
—
G. S. Ilarward
.
June
May 1855
-
-
Invalided.
J. Lyons -
-
Sept.
it
August „
-
-
Appointed to Royal
Horse Artillery.
C. E. Torriano
-
-
-
Appointed to Royal
Horse Artillery.
J. J. Brown -
-
July
1855
—
—
—
C. J. Tyler -
-
il
it
—
—
—
C. E. Stirling -
-
June
1854
Sept. 1854
April 1855
Appointed to Royal
Horse Artillery.
M. T. J. Taylor
-
May
1855
—
—
—
J. J. Smith
-
July
a
—
—
—
A. J. Pearse
-
it
—
—
—
II. J. Alderson
-
August
1854
—
—
--
F. L. H. Lyon
-
Dec.
„
—
—
—
C. L. Tredcroft
-
April
1855
—
—
—
It
J. E. R. Keene
-
Sept
1854
...
-
.
Slightly wounded, 7th
June 1855.
IT. A. T)oync -
-
May
1855
—
—
E. C. Vaughan
-
»
11
—
—
—
J. L. Still
-
July
It
—
—
—
C. G. Johnson
-
Sept.
—
—
—•
H. T. Arbuthnot
-
May
1854
—
—
—
A. K. Rideout -
-
June
—
—
—
H. W. Watson
-
June
February 1855
-
-
Invalided.
H. P. Tiliard -
-
July
July 1854
-
-
Slightly wounded, 18th
June 1855.
B. Humphrey
-
March
1855
_
—
—
J. W. De Winton
-
Dec.
1854
-
-
Slightly wounded, 23d
August.
E. A. M. Lloyd
-
May
1855
—
—
—
E. C. Cuthbert
-
»»
—
—
—
L. Griffiths
-
Nov.
1854
_
—
—
N. A. Harris
Dec.
_
_
—
H. W. Briscoe
-
August 1855
.
-
Invalided.
W. G. Martin
-
Jan. „
_
.
To Malta to join his
Company.
W. J. Hall -
-
Jan.
1855
_
—
—
C. D. Gilmour
-
July
_
—
—
E. J. Ward -
-
May
_
—
—
n
Sir J. W. Campbell
-
March
—
—
—
F. C. Elton
-
_
—
—
C. R. Franklin
_
_
_
—
R. A. Mitchell
-
...
.
-
Killed 14th ApriL
F. A. Anley -
-
it
—
—
—
C. 0. Brown
-
April
—
—
—
C. E. Scott -
-
May
_
—
—
H. B. Maule -
-
_
_
—
H. L. Geary -
-
it
_
—
—
W. B. Rice -
-
August 1855
.
-
Invalided.
H. C. Farrell
.
Sept.
_
_
—
C. F. Roberts -
-
March
...
.
Slightly wounded, 2d Sept
J. A. De Moleyns
-
July
—
—
—
* »
E. V. Marshall
-
_
—
—
11
F. J. Hill -
t)
—
—
—
(Signed) E. Reilly,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Siege Train.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
255
Appendix.
XVII. —
Table showing Services of Medical Officers of the Royal Artillery in the
Trenches before Sebastopol.
Rank.
Names.
Joined.
Quitted.
Rejoined.
Remarks.
Surgeon -
J. Bent
May 1855
—
—
if
J. M. S. Fogo
Apr. „
—
—
Assist- Surg.
J. Park
Sept. 1854
—
—
if
E. Bowen
May „
—
—
if
R. A. Chappell
Sept. „
—
—
if
W. Haughton
Sept. „
—
—
if
A. H. Taylor
Oct. „
—
—
if
A. Humphreys
Apr. 1855.
—
—
a *
J. H. Hearn
Nov. 1854.
—
—
if
S. Roche
Jan. 1855.
—
—
if
R. Webb
May „
—
—
a
J. Cockerell -
Sept. 1854 -
-
-
Wounded.
a
E. Bubb
Aug. 1855
—
—
a m
J. Longhead -
Nov. 1854-
-
-
Rifle Brigade, attached.
Staff
T. J. Orton
Sept. „
—
—
if *
G. Wylie
Sept. 1855.
—
—
a
J. Farley
Sept. „
—
—
ff *
J. Reynolds -
Feb. „
—
—
Staff-Surgeon
G. Peacock
-
Sep. 1855
-
Invalided.
(Signed) E. Reilly,
Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Siege Train.

256
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
ArrExmx.
XVIII.
NAVAL BRIGADE.
Admiralty, 14th March 1857.
Return of the Number of Men and Officers first landed in the Crimea, with the Names of the Officers ; and the Number of Men and Officers, with the Names of the Officers subsequently landed, and the Date of landing.
Date of Landing.
Number.
Rank.
Names of Officers.
2 /
Captain
Stephen Lusliington.
l
do. -
William Peel.
1
Commander -
William Burnett.
r
Lieutenant -
C. A. .Jackson.
do. ^
J. J. Keunedy.
do. -
G. A. Ridge.
do. -
W. L. Partridge.
in
do.
W. II. Douglas.
'N
l
do. -
Hugh Iluthorn.
do. -
A. Whelingshurst.
do. ...
Ii. Colville.
do. -
Honourable R. Capel.
do. -
„ M. Nelson.
Mate -
George Try on.
do. -
W. L. Holder.
do. (Acting)
F. II. Norman.
do. ,, -
4th October 1854 -<
do. „
J. G. Suttie.
11 <<
do. „
W. Moriarty.
do. „
.). ii. Spalding.
do. „
H. W. Mist.
do. „
W. D. D. Selby.
Mate -
William Gumbier.
do. - - -
J. C. Tucker.
(
Midshipman
J. B. Barnett.
do. -
H. L. Percival.
do. -
II. E. Wood.
do. -
F. II. S. Flood.
[
do. -
Honourable S. Fitzclarence.
2 f
Assistant-Surgeon
George Mason.
do.
W. V. Reynolds.
i
Clerk
G. W. Muir.
725 -
Seamen.
7
Boys.
5 th October 1854 -
1
Clerk ...
J. K. G. Browne.
6th „
1
Lieutenant
A. Mitchell.
7th „
1
Commander
H. Hillyar.
14th „ - -
1
Acting-Gunner
George Hale.
f
1
Captain ...
Wm. Moorsom.
1 'th „ -
1
Assistant-Surgeon -
John Ward (b).
l
1
do. -
John Colter.
19th „ - -f
1
Lieutenant
Richard Courtenay.
1
Assistant-Surgeon
J. Wallace.
19th „ -
59
Seamen.

ARTILLERY OPERATION,S.
25 /
Number of Men and Officers, with Names of Officers, landed in the Crimea— continued.
Late of Landing.
Number.
Hank.
Names of Officers.
r
r
Lieutenant -
J. C. Ilewson.
24th October 1854 -<
J
4 <
do.
II. S. Maitland.
)
1
do. -
E. W. Harding.
!_
l
do. -
R. B. Oldfield.
>3
1
Mate - -
Thomas Hooper.
/
2 i
Midshipman
G. S. Sinclair.
i
do. -
C. Hayward.
33
i
Boatswain
John Borlase.
33
201
Seamen.
26th „
1
Acting Mate
P. Brock.
33
54
Seamen.
1st November 1854
1
Assistant-Surgeon
A. Irwin.
8th „
1
do.
II. Arnott.
11th
1
Surgeon ...
I). J. Duigan.
33
1
Assistant-Surgeon -
W. Hamilton.
21st
1
Lieutenant -
W. S. Hire.
33
1
do. -
Gabriel Johnson.
8th, 4th, and 22d Nov.
16
Seamen.
23d November 1854
1
Midshipman
F. W. Hallowes.
24th
1
Clerk
J. M. Forster.
25th „
1
Surgeon -
James Jenkins.
29t!i „
1
Lieutenant
H. O. liaby.
30th „
1
Chaplain - -
S. K. Stodhert.
1st December 1854-
183
Seamen.
7th „
1
Mate - -
E. A. Stubbs.
33
1
Assistant-Surgeon
William Evans (b).
9th „
1
Midshipman -
J. A. D. Cooper.
>3
1
Clerk ' -
W. J. Rowse.
11th
1
Midshipman ...
M. C. Seymour.
12th
1
Second Master
Edward Wise.
13 th December 1854-
30
Seamen.
r
Lieutenant ...
W. Dowell.
18th
3 1
do. -
J. G. Evered.
•
l
do. -
T. C. Kidd.
c
i
do. -
F. W. Gough.
i
do. -
W. B. Urinstou.
i
do. -
J. Norman.
i
Mate ...
J. Day.
24tli December 1854<
i
Acting Mate -
A. J. Kennedy.
i
do.
J. E. Hunter.
i
Second Master -
F. Llewellyn.
i
Midshipman ...
G. S. Peard.
2
do.
E. S. J. Daniel.
387
Seamen.
29th
1
Assistant-Surgeon
R. P. Chapman.
5th January 1855 -
1
Lieutenant ...
S. Pritchard.
6th „
1
Carpenter -
William Casey.
19tli „
1
Commander ...
Lord John Hay.
8th and 24th Jan. -
20
Seamen.
1st February
1
Clerk - - - -
John Hill."
10th
1
Lieutenant - -
E. II. DAeth.
13th February 1855 -
1
Gunner - - -
George Dunlop.
Appendix
K K

258
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix-,
Number of Men and Officers, with Names of Officers, landed in the Crimea— continued.
Date of Landing.
Number.
hank.
Names of Officers.
27th
16
Seamen.
5th March
_
1
Lieutenant
-
Samuel Twyford.
27th „
-
1
Acting Mate
-
R. R. Armstrong.
1st April
-
1
Clerk -
-
E. M. Harding.
1
Captain
-
William Peel.
1
Lieutenant
-
C. F. Palmer.
1
do.
-
C. A. Campbell.
1
do. -
-
0. W. Dalyell.
2d April
99
<
1
Midshipman -
-
A. E. Dupuis.
1
do.
-
F. M. Ommanney.
1
Gunner
-
Richard Rowe.
202
Seamen.
5th April
1
Lieutenant
-
C. C. Mitchell.
9 th „
_
1
do.
-
J. II. Cave.
1
Captain
-
George S. V. King.
1
Lieutenant
-
S. C. Byng.
J
f
Midshipman -
-
H. J. Hovenden.
14 th „
99
<
3 ■!
do. -
-
S. W. Y. Lake.
i
do.
-
W. R. Kennedy.
{
203
Seamen.
21st „
_
1
Lieutenant
-
E. E. Wilson.
24th „
-
1
do.
-
A. Mitchell.
-
1
Midshipman
-
C. S. Sliuckbury.
25th „
-
19
Seamen.
26th „
.
1
Assistant-Engineer
-
Henry Cooke.
1
do.
-
J. Steddifast.
27th „
-
1
Midshipman
-
C. J. Dench.
-
1
do.
-
George Parsons.
8th and 19th
May
_
5
Seamen.
18th May 1855
-
1
Chaplain
-
Reverend P. S. Robson.
21st „
-
-
1
Surgeon
-
W. R. E. Smart.
-
-
1
Assistant-Surgeon
-
Edward Pearce.
7th June 1855
.
36
Seamen.
10 th „
_
-
1
Lieutenant -
-
S. W. H. Thompson,
12 th „
_
-
1
Assistant-Surgeon
-
G. F. A. Drew.
17 th „
.
1
Acting Lieutenants
-
G. J. Bosauquet.
J. W. J. Stuttaford.
Thomas Langley.
James Connor.
23d „
-<;
7
Assistant-Engineers
G. Batchelor.
John Moysey.
W. J. Baird.
John Potter.
27th
_
_
1
Commander
-
L. U. Hammett.
3d July 1855
-
1
Midshipman
-
S. H. Davis.
9th „
•
-
1
Lieutenants -
-
J. S. Graham.
12 th „
.
1
Captain -
-
Honourable H. Keppel.
1
Lieutenant
-
Prince Victor Hohenlohe.
-
-
1
Chaplain
-
Reverend J. Thompson.
14 th
•
24
Seamen.
18th July 1855
-
1
Midshipman
-
C. E. Martyn.
24th
-
-
5
Seamen.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
259
Number of Men and Officers, with Names of Officers, landed in the Crimea— continued.
Date of Landing.
Number.
Rank.
Names of Officers.
8th August 1855
18 th „
29th
7th September 1855-
From 5th Oct. 18541 to 7th Sept. 1855-j
1
6
1
1
1
1
h \
On the 29th and 30th Sept, and 2nd Oct, 1854
Between 11th Oct.
1854 and 16th Sept. >
1855 - -J
2,333
74
1,216
846
Acting Mate Seamen. Commander Lieutenant Assistant-Surgeon do.
Boys.
E. II. Wilkinson.
J. M. S. Pasley. J. C. Byng.
D. Carter.
E. H. Evans.
Marines.
For Rank and Names of Officers, see detailed Statement (A.) herewith.
4,469
Abstract.
Numbers Landed.
Total.
Naval
Officers.
Seamen and Boys.
Marines.
On and previous to 4tli Oct. \ 1854 - - -J
32
732
1,216
1,980
Between 5th Oct. 1854 and T 16th Sept. 1855 - -J
103
1,540
846
2,489
135
2,272
2,062
4,469
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Numbers killed
5
95
100
Numbers wounded
38
437
475
43
532
575
Number first landed.
Number subsequently landed,
See detailed Statement (B.) * annexed.
(Signed) R. M. Bromlev,
Accountant-General of the Navy.
Appendix
K K 2

260
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
Detailed Statement (A.) above referred to.
Return of Number of Officers and Men of the Rotal Marines landed from Her Majesty’s
Ships for Service in the Crimea.
Total
Number
Dates.
of
Officers
| and Men.
Officers’ Names.
29 September 1854
30
2 October „
11 October 1854-
12 „
25 20 28
3 November
4
5 November „ - 1 from Eupatoria. J
7 November 1854 16
13 December 18
27 „
4 February 10 „
22 „
1 March 18 June
5 July
28 August 13 September 16
Grand Total
1855
1216-
16
2
202
36
6
25
120
*366
14 2 2 2 4 8 6 o
2
1
2
1
10
2
15
2062
First Landed.
T.ieut.-Col. T. Hurdle. Captain W. T. Hopkins. S. Fraser.
W. H. March. Hayes Marriott. W. R. Meheux. R. Hockings.
H. Timpson.
W. S. Aslett.
G. B. Rodney. D. Blyth.
1st Lieut. H. G. Elliot.
1 st Lieut. J. Shute. 1 st 1
„ W. J. S. Richards.
„ Charles Jolliffe.
„ William Taylor.
„ A. C. Critchell.
„ E. F. Pritchard.
„ F. L. Dowse.
„ G. O. Evans.
„ F. Walton.
„ G. Mairis.
„ M. Spratt.
„ N. B. Dalby.
JeuLF. H. Ruel.
„ G. E. O. Jackson. „ D. W. Curry.
„ C. W. Carrington. „ J. F. Hawkey.
„ E. Spry..
„ J. M. de C. Meade. „ J. R. Lloyd.
„ R. Johns.
„ H. Nason.
„ F. G. Pym.
Landed at Subsequent Periods.
1st Lieut. II. B. Roberts.
„ C. J. Ellis.
Captain II. A. McCallum, 1st Lieuts. A. Wolridge and C. J. D. Napier.
Captain G. B. Payne. 1st Lieut. G. Gregory.
„ II. F. Cooper.
1st Lieut. J. G. Shanks.
„ F. W. Thomas.
„ R. J. H. Douglas.
Lieut-Col. John Fraser.
Captain G. G. Alexander.
1 st Lieut. T. P. Casey.
Lieut.-Col. T. Holloway.
Captain H. Kennedy; 1st Lieuts. A. T. S. Cuttler,W. L. Tinmouth, and C. T. Witham, 2nd Lieuts. A. H. Ozzard, E. B. Pritchard, and R. F. Taylor.
1st Lieut. J. P. Murray.
1st Lieut. H. J. Jull.
Lieut-Col. F. A. Campbell.
Captain C. J. Iladfield; 2nd Lieut. F. J. Parry.
1st Lieut. J. M. Lennox.
Captains H. W. Gwyn, and R. V. Allen; 2nd Lieut II. L. Rose.
Lieut-Cols. J. Mitchell and P. T. M. Payne.
Artillery Companies serving with “ Naval Brigade ; ” 1 st Lieuts A. C. Steele and A. A. Douglas.
* This Detachment landed at Eupatoria 18th September 1854.
Royal Marine Office, "1 12th March 18f7. J
(Signed)
S. Robert Wesley, D. A. G.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
261
Detailed Statement (B.) above referred to.
ArrENDii.
A List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol.
Ship.
Britannia
Trafalgar
Queen
Britannia
Queen
A lbion
Britannia
Vengeance
Queen
Trafalgar
Arethusa
London
Bellerophon
Diamond
Queen
Diamond
Beagle
Britannia
Arethusa -
London
Bellerophon
V engeance
Trafalgar
Diamond
Queen
Britannia
Bellerophon
Vengeance
Date.
Officers Killed.
Bank.
Officers
Wounded.
Bank.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Killed.
Wounded.
lulled.
*0
a>
C
6
o
s
W ounded.
1854.
-
_
Oct. 2
...
_
_
—
—
i
—
1
_
_
1
_
1
_
_
_
2
—
2
Oct. 11
_
i
.
1
_
_
—
1
—
1
—
—
—
2
—
2
-
Oct 14
-
—
—
—
i
—
1
.
Oct. 17
.
_ ..
G. Mason
Assist. Sur-
_
i
1
—
2
geon.
—
—
—
1
—
1
_
■—
—
i
—
i
.
.
W. Sanctuary
Mate
—
1
—
3
—
4
_
JJ if
-
.
S. S. Bullock
Mate
—
i
1
2
1
3
_
1
_
1
—
ff M
Hon. C. B. H.
.
...
-
1
—
—
1
1
i
Ruthven.
.
_ .
1
1
1
i
>> »
_
2
1
2
i
1
3
5
11
6
14
Oct. 18
_
_
_
1
_
1
—
. —
--
—
--
7-
—
7
_
_
_
—
1
—
1
.
_
_
—
5
—
5
.
_
—
1
2
1
2
» »
_
_
_
—
1
—
1
_
-
_
_
—
1
—
1
-
.
-
G. Tryon
Mate
—
1
—
—
—
1
-
» )>
J. N. Norman
Lieutenant
—
1
—
—
1
—
2
2
17
2
19
Oct. 19
-
-
-
“
1
1
1
1
_ „
_
_
1
2
1
2
-
-
f
1
>$ J»
3
_
3
_
___
2
_
2
—
—
2
9
2
9
—

262
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.
Appendix.
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Officers
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Wounded.
Rank.
■d
d
d
d
d
a
d
a
d
©
o
o .
w
5
is
*
£
1854.
Bellerophon
_
Oct. 20
_
_
_
2
_
2
Queen -
-
» it
—
—
i
i
1
1
Britannia -
-
G.H.H. Great-
Lieut -
...
-
i
_
_
_
1
__
head.
Diamond -
-
...
-
A. Mitchell -
.
__
1
_
_
_
i
Vengeance
-
a a
i
—
1
Albion -
-
—
_
i
5
1
5
Firebrand
-
it a
...
W. Moorsom
Lieutenant
—
1
—
—
—
1
i
2
2
9
3
11
Trafalgar -
Oct. 21
Bullock
Mate
i
3
4 :
Queen -
it a
—
—
—
2
—
2
—
i
—
5
—
6
Queen
.
Oct. 22
i
1
i
1
London
-
1
1
1
1
Albion
-
...
.
W. M. Dowell
Lieutenant
—
1
—
_
—
1
Arethusa -
-
1
—
1
Rodney
-
ti a
-
-
•
-
—
—
—
4
—
4
Trafalgar -
-
a a
i
—
1
Vengeance
-
a a
1
—
i
—
i
2
9
2
10
Queen
_
Oct. 24
1
2
i
2
Rodney
-
1
—
1
Diamond -
-
1
—
1
Britannia
a a
“
.
A. C. Steel -
Lieutenant
—
1
—
—
—
1
—
i
1
4
i
5
Vengeance
_
Oct. 25
2
_
2
Diamond
-
...
.
.
_
_
_
1
—
1
Rodney -
-
a it
1
—
1
—
—
—
4
—
4
Trafalgar -
-
Oct. 26
.
-
-
-
—
—
1
i
i
1
Rodney -
-
Oct 29
i
—
1
Britannia -
-
Oct. 30
-
-
.
.
—
—
—
i
—
1
Arethusa -
Nov. 1
i
1
London
-
1
_
1
Vengeance
-
V a
i
—
1
—
—
—
3
—
3

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
263
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Officers
Ship.
Date.
Officers killed.
Rank.
Wounded.
Rank.
nd
o>
nd
•
rd
Jj
i
a>
fl
a
2
i
£
£
£
u
£
1854.
Trafalgar
-
Nov. 2
3
—
3
Britannia -
Nov. 3
Brock *
Mate
i
1
2
London -
-
it ft
...
-
Spalding
Mate
—
i
—
—
—
1
Albion
U ft
——
—
—
1
—
1
—
2
—
o
—
4
Vengeance
Nov. 4
_ m
Wilson ■»
Mate
_
1
_
i
__
2
Vengeance
Nov. 5
i
1
Rodney
-
ft ft
—
—
—
2
—
2
Britannia
-
1
—
X
London
-
i
—
1
—
Albion
-
if if
—
—
i
—
1
—
—
—
2
4
2
4
Trafalgar
Nov. 6
1
1
Diamond
-
ff if
-
Selby - -
Mate
1
—
—
—
1
—
2
Queen
Nov. 7
Burnett
Commander
1
1
Rodney -
ft ft
1
—
1
—
1
—
1
—
2
Wasp
Nov. 8
1
1
Trafalgar
it it
1
—
1
—
—
—
2
—
2
Britannia
Nov. 9
1
i
i
1
Vengeance
-
it ft
—
—
—
i
—
1
Trafalgar
-
ft ft
—
—
—
3
1
3
Rodney
--
ft ft
__
—
—
2
5
2
5
Queen
No v. 10
2
2
Rodney
ff ft
Karslake
Mate
—
1
—
—
—
1
—
1
—
2
—
3
Appendix.

264
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
Appendix.
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Officers
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Wounded.
Rank.
i,
r£
i.
'd
•d
d
J.
a
•V
g
3
£
3
s£
3
£
1854.
Diamond
.
Nov. 12
—
_
_
1
_
i
Queen
-
it tf
1
—
i
—
—
—
2
—
2
Albion
Nov. 13
1
1
Bellerophon
ft tf
—
—
—
1
2
—
1
2
Albion
-
Dec. 30
-
St. Clair
Mate
—
i
—
—
—
1
1855.
Queen
-
Mar. 22
-
-
-
*
—
—
i
—
i
Queen
-
April 4
—
—
—
1
—
1
Diamond
-
April 7
-
—
—
—
1
—
1
Queen
.
April 9
3
4
3
4
Leandcr
_
_
2
3
2
3
Wasp
>1 1i
_
—
i
2
i
2
London -
-
if i*
Twyford
Lieut -
-
-
1
—
1
2
2
3
Albion
_
_
i
2
i
2
Supernumerary
>» a
-
-
Lord J. Hay -
Capt.
—
i
—
—
—
1
1
1
8
14..
9
15
Queen
April 10
1
_
i
Leander
-
if ft
—
—
2
5
2
5
W asp
-
tf »
—
_
—
o
—
9
London
"
if a
-
—
—
1
—
1
—
—
—
3
8
3
8
Queen
April 11
Urmston
Lieut.
i
2
3
2
4
Leander -
-
» »»
_
_
2
7
2
7
Wasp -
-
ft ft
_
—
i
4
i
4
London -
“
—
i
—
i
—
-
—
i
6
14
6
15
Queen -
April 12
II. W. Douglas
Lieut. -
1
1
14
2
14
Leander -
-
6
_
6
Wasp -
-
1
—
1
London -
-
_
_
_
4
_
4
Supernumerary
»> ft
-
-
A. C. Steel -
*
—
i
—-
—
—
1
1
1
l
25
o
26

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
265
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Officers
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Wounded-
Rank.
’-d
'd
>8
d
d
'tS
jy
§
S
£
£
1855.
Queen -
-
April 13
—
—
—
i
_
i
Wasp -
-
—
—
—
1
_
1
London -
-
—
_
_
i
_
i
Rodney -
-
11 11
—
—
—
1
—
i
Albion
-
—
—
—
1
_
i
Supernumerary
11 11
-
-
D’Aeth
Lieut.
—
i
—
—
—
i
—
i
—
6
—
7
Queen
April 14
*
' “
i
1
Leander -
-
11 11
—
—
3
4
3
4
Wasp
-
11 11
"
—
—
—
2
_
2
London -
-
—
—
—
2
_
2
Rodney
-
11 11
i
—
i
—
—
3
10
3
10
Queen -
April 15
*
i
4
1
4
Leander -
-
_
—
_
i
_
1
London
-
11 11
—
—
—
i
—
l
—
—
i
6
i
6
Queen - -
_
April 16
2
2
Leander -
-
—
—
i
4
i
4
Wasp
-
11 11
-
-
-
-
—
—
_
—
1
_
Rodney -
-
11 11
—
—
—
i
—
i
—
—
1
7
2
7
Leander -
April 17
i
i
Rodney -
»» »»
—
—
—■
1
2
—
1
2
Leander -
.
April 18
1
Rodney -
11 11
_
—
_
1
1
1
1
1
Queen - -
-
April 20
—
—
—
1
—
i
Fvodney -
April 21
1
Supernumerary
11 11
-
A. Douglas -
Lieutenant
—
1
—
—
—
1
—
i
—
1
—
1
,
Appendix
L L

266
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Appendix.
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Officers
Wounded.
Rank.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Killed.
Wounded.
Killed.
Wounded.
Killed.
Wounded.
1855.
London
-
April 22
-
—
—
—
i
—
1
Queen -
April 23
1
1
Leander -
-
_
i
_
1
Rodney -
if
_
_
_
1
3
_
i
3
Queen - -
-
April 26
-
—
—
—
1
1
1
Queen -
-
April 27
'
-
—
—
1
1
—
i
London
-
May 2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
i
—
1
Queen -
-
May 4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
1
—
i
Queen - -
-
May 10
-
—
—
1
4
1
4
Queen
May 17
1
1
Leander
-
» »
-
—
—
1
2
1
2
—
—
1
3
1
3
Queen
-
May 18
_
_
_
1
_
1
Queen
-
May 19
1
1
1
1
Leander -
-
May 22
-
—
—
—
1
—
1
Leander -
-
May 23
-
—
—
—
1
—
1
Queen -
May 28
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
1
—
1
Rodney -
May 29
-
_
_
_
1
_
i
Queen -
-
June 4
-
—
2
—
2
—

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS
267
List of tlie Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Officers
Wounded.
Rank.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Killed. :
I
Wounded. '
Killed. j
Wounded. |
Killed.
Wounded.
1855.
Queen
June 6
—
—
—
2
—
2
Leander
—
—
—
5
—
5
Wasp
ff fi
—
—
1
1
1
1
London
—
—
—
2
—
2
Albion
—
—
—
1
—
1
Diamond
—
—
—
1
—
1
Rodney
If ff
—
—
1
3
1
3
—
—
2
15
2
15
Queen
June 7
J. E. Hunter -
Mate
1
3
8
3
9
Leander
—
—
9
3
3
Wasp -
if »»
2
London -
—
—
—
5
—
5
Rodney -
it a
—
—
2
13
2
13
Diamond
if a
—
__
1
—
1
—
1
32
7
33
Queen
June 8
_ m
_
_
_
2
—
2
Leander - -
—
—
1
2
1
London -
_
-
-
-
Gough
Lieutenant
—
1
—
—
—
1
Rodney
ff if
—
—
—
1
—
1
Supernumerary
a if
"
-
R. A. Oldfield
Lieutenant
—
1
1
—
2
1
6
1
8
Queen
June 9
2
_
2
Leander -
—
—
—
1
—
1
Wasp
if a
—
—
—
3
—
3
Rodney -
a a
—
—
—
—
2
Diamond
a a
-
-
-
-
A. Mitchell -
Lieutenant
—
1
—
—
—
1
—
1
—
8
—
9
Queen
June 10
_
_
1
_
1
—
Leander -
—
—
—
1
—
1
Wasp
ff
1
—
1
London -
—
■—
1
5
1
5
Supernumerary
-
-
-
-
A. Irwin
Assist.-Sur-
—
1
—
—
—
1
geon.
—
1
2
7
2
8
Leander -
June 13
1
—
1
Queen -
June 17
3
_
3
Leander -
il ff
-
-
-
-
Dupuis
Midshipman
—
1
1
4
1
5
London -
.. ff
2
—
2
Rodney
»» ff
—
—
—
4
—
4
—
1
1
13
1
14
Appendix
L L 2

268
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Ari’ENDIX.
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol, &c._ continued•
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Officers
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Wounded.
Rank.
T3
o>
3
*3
3
3
s
£
W
1855.
Queen -
if
:
June 18
» H
-
H. Wood Urmston
Midshipman
Lieutenant
}-
2
—
—
—
2
Leander -
-
H if
-
• •{
W. Reel
0. Dalyell
Captain - Lieutenant
}-
2
6
14
6
16
Wasp -
-
_
_
2
_
2
London
-
__
_
0
3
2
3
Rodney -
-
a a
_
_
7
16
7
16
Supernumerary
a a
G. Parsons -
Mate
—
I
—
—
—
1
—
5
15
35
15
40 :
Queen -
-
June 19
Queen -
July 4
2
2
Leander -
a >f
1
—
i
Queen -
July 10
1
1
1
i
Leander -
-
_
_
1
1
1
i
Rodney
-
» if
-
-
-
—
3
3
—
o
5
o
5
Leander -
-
July 13
-
—
—
—
1
—
1
Rodney -
-
July 15
-
-
-
-
—
—
1
—
i
—
London -
-
July 21
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
1
—
1
Queen
July 22
2
2
Leander -
-
it a
1
— .
i
—
—
—
3
—
3
Queen
July 24
1
1
Albion
-
it a
1
—
1
Queen
July 25
—
-
—
2
i
-
2
i
Wasp -
-
i
_
1
London -
-
n tt
2
—
2
—
—
—
4
—
4
Rodney -
July 26
2
—
2

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS,
269
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Officers.
Men.
Total
Officers
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Wounded.
Rank.
•d
d
■d
d
*8
s
o
d
o
o
d
o
3
fS
W
1855.
Queen
-
July 28
--
2
Leander -
Aug. 4
l
1
Albion -
99 ft
—
—
—
1
—
1
-
—
—
—
2
—
2
Diamond -
-
Aug. 8
1
—
1
Rodney -
-
Aug. 10
—
—
1
—
i
—
Wasp
-
Aug. 13
1
—
1
London -
Aug. 14
1
1
Albion -
-
*9 ft
1
—
1
—
—
—
2
—,
2
Rodney -
-
Aug. 16
1
—
1
Queen -
Aug. 17
Llewellyn
2d Master
1
3
4
London -
-
—
—
1
5
i
5
Rodney -
-
99 »
—
—
2
6
2
6
Albion -
-
»» 99
L. N. Hammett
Commander.
“
-
i
—
i
4
2
4
i
l
4
18
5
19
Queen -
Aug. 18
2
2
Rodney -
99 9t
..
-
—
—
—
4
—
4
—
—
—
6
—
6
Queen -
.
Aug. 19
1
1
1
1
London -
-
99 99
i
_
1
Rodney
-
99 99
-
-
Hovenden
Mate
—
1
—
i
_
2
Albion -
99 99
—
—
2
—
2
—
l
1
5
1
6
Rodney -
-
Aug. 20
—
—
—
3
—
3
Queen
.
Aug. 24
Evered
Lieutenant
l
1
Ixmdon -
*
» 99
—
—
—
1
—
1
—
l
—
1
—
2
Appendix

2/0
SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL,
Appendix.
List of the Killed and Wounded in the Naval Brigade at the Siege of Sebastopol— continued.
Officers.
Men.
Total.
Officers
Ship.
Date.
Officers Killed.
Rank.
Rank.
Wounded.
*6
o
T3
V
-T3
0>
h3
ly
S
a>
3
O
j2
3
C
5
£
*
it
3
ft
1855.
Leander -
-
Aug. 26
_
—
_
1
_
1
Wasp -
-
» tt
l
—
1
—
—
—
2
—
2
London -
_
Aug. 27
1
i
Albion -
'
tt ft
—
—
—
2
—
2
—
—
1
2
i
2
London -
-
Aug. 28
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
i
—
1
Queen
_
Aug. 30
1
1
Leander
“
ft ft
—
—
—
2
—
2
—
—
—
3
—
3
Rodney -
-
Aug. 31
—
—
1
—
i
—
Queen
_
Sept. C
1
i
Wasp
-
_
_
_
1
—
1
London
-
_
_
1
4
i
4
Rodney
-
.
•
_
...
_
_
_
_
3
—
3
Albion
l» ft
1
—
1
—
-
1
10
1
10
Queen
_
Sept. 7
_
2
2
London
ft ft
-
-
—
—
—
3
—
3
—
—
—
5
—
5
Queen
Sept. 8
-
1
4
i
4
Leander
- . .
_
1
1
2
1
2
Wasp
-
_
_
G. Sinclair -
Mate
_
_
_
_
_
1
London
-
2
Albion
-
_
_
2
4
2
4
Diamond
-
._
_
1
_
i
Supernumerary
ft t t
-
-
-
W. V. E. Rey-
Assistant-
—
1
—
—
—
1
nolds.
Surgeon.
—
2
4
13
4
15
i
Total Number
of Officers Killed
5
Wounded
_
38
Total Number
of Men Killed
•
_
_
95
ft
„ Wounded
-
-
-
437
(Signed) JOHN LIDDELL, Director-General, &c.

ARTILLERY OPERATIONS.
271
Appendix.
XIX.
Naval Brigade.—Number of Gun’s Crew, Reliefs, &c.
Sir S. Lusiiington to Secretary of Admiralty.
(Extract.)
6th March 1857.
Required the Number of Men in a Gun’s Crew for each description of Ordnance.
Answer.—95 cwt. 68-pounders - - - - -1 .
1 1 I Bombardier, 36 men.
2 Bombardiers, 32 men.
93 cwt. 68-pounder Lancaster - 10-inch guns - - -
32-pounders and all other guns -
Each 28 men.
Required, Numbers of Relief during each Bombardment.
Answer.—The gun’s crews were divided into four Reliefs, Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4. During the Bombardments two Reliefs were always present during the day, but only one during the night. Between the Bombardments the Reliefs were regulated as follows, commencing April 1st 1854—(during the winter only one Relief went into Batteries, night or day) :—
First day.—Numbers 1 and 2 Reliefs went into Batteries at daylight; 1st Relief returning at sunset, leaving 2d in Battery for night duty.
Second day.—3d and 4tli Reliefs went in at daylight ; 3d returning at sunset, 4th remaining for night duty.
Third day.—1st and 2d Reliefs went in at daylight; 2d returning at sunset, and 1st remaining for night duty ; and so on. Each Relief had thus thirty-six hours in Battery every four days. The night Reliefs were always allowed twelve hours’ rest, after which they were told off into the necessaiy working parties for carrying powder and shot, or other fatigue duties connected with the Batteries.
Required, a Return of Guns landed from the Fleet.
Answer.—All guns and ammunition landed from the Fleet were consigned to the Commander- in-Chief of the Army. I believe upwards of 130 guns were landed.

LONDON:
Primed by Gi:okc;i; Ewvakii Eyi:i; and Wjr.r.iAM Si'ottiswooiif, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty.
For tier Majesty’s Stationery Office.

r ^-’’• «.*»•< -*-y j
ME
0W?%
r £“H*'
iSSsSS®'*
JXjrt** »*.*«?
^■.UV,
lT i ~iZ?'
^V*^2
iiSstHs
^kSteiS?
SsksSSsS®??
itei&ssMSjg
sisiSssi
ISSSSS,
«^M?Wv.. —
SSBKsS
ppA^^&iajSji
***£?*■?
-vuSSh'*-*
sssafaSsisSS a
ISksEsSSIP
SgsS S
§sss
<3^
2SS?8s
ljgj}»ls?
l iall ll
ssfes
i^w%20
gSggp
'^•J^ "•**?£«
£*caa*{9
02^
SgSgl
”****"i^a£v*
fry-v^l;
sc^aaa
&*-.i*ifk
*>'**§:
K&jSS
iliS^Sasfe
J^?Si
«*s£C»s*r1
>SSd^
$*»*£>
*■%**!>?••
SSgSgS
x.-*>2*<5**-
P>^ £>
ggggggR
^^tsSP^
EijjSwj
y&ySaff*
•»*rwi^f-2Jtex\
3-i^’ ”' ,! «S^»*V£>iir
«S*^ft£S5^
‘§k2&^4‘^
ggWJSi
g&fes
&mk*
# *** **£*&
5jj*}sft
iS$S§llf 8 ?%s
***»*“«-
IsSSf^
a§&£g;
S5S^
&■ -■ .:
ss&K&sjJj
1
MSy
^v^lp.-
sEiS^
£»Mfc;s!51
«->Yg<
£4!;§*f;
NfiMttiittfll
«SKS
£2#,.
S££rJ
s
&SP
. •■•“
mm
mmm
.v'h .
’**C%**« ; ->'«PV» v,'
sp»jg&3s :
irr
rSssSSis
»•»-.:..» y -^a.
.4¥i*%
*S3
£S$Ui&
SSfeiS
I«81§
s^$ ;
"yCJ*
kaj&fcaj*
sgsig
* ro3 S&, v
%7f?m
R' ■-■•'■
^<i'..:jp
if'; ■■ ■
§§?&
,ff9<*c
- ■* j
' giM^-
mmSB
SSJ5
^^3
,^4t£l“ , 'JU
6*5 Wdi»arfSA 1 *;
SsfeS
! 2-^»»rrs.'^v"f
as*i>i
ssS§
SftSisEs
SSI!
wmmm
lklS§
■'A''®-'-*
f^T*,.. . , 'l«Wl,
SSSss
S«5
l2«
TCSFit*
•«%'-^'V’^'* T WfcSi •
iSidslSv^l
II^^I
IrSI
isiia
jj^f^sSi
fW-^l
iisis
S,i2^
£^P:
WmmM
zimw.
t&.ssSSSMUi
SitliiSIts

This Volume is presented by the
H-^g
Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury
to ___
and will, in the event of the Library being brolcen up, be returned to the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Westminster.
Note. —This Volume is incomplete 1 , no perfect copies are available for issue.
H.M. Stationery Office.

0
<>■
V
Gerv
a
4 -fi

* t. t

%
PLATE VJ[
; * .xi&**Tzanr *a*'TU&J r? an tA<?s:tui* r .''xkxjtdjx
•a,
OE THE
v English .
NOTE — The Ground, is enlarged from a smaller sc;<
31 A M E L O X ok K amstdiatka Iledoit i) t
M A L A K O F 1
Iv O
mm
\mdkz
mm
iuiiiiiijffii
DltSSlUn
.sd- r y>, / > ' / 1 ' •
iT'-.X"" 1 '
7/ussian 1 ~ > ' ID/Ye Screen
(gm/ ; i
x.-mi.,
•'Xk‘
■c
mm
d-^2
. 105 .? 7 .J
///,/{';Vrr\\
/J 'Yy/uyj
230.3 4
N? 19
esrfon’s
OYdSfiusbfan. practice, hat
303.3#
268.80
Screens
:i3o. a:
, otter)- firr / /it it/pieces
. A?7 J.ef'l Demi Parallel
S uv’
/ n?s>
GeneraHa&t.suiscpuent^-
385.06
A'f' v'V^
C,‘fc/U^‘- £j(J __-
ugiT ;7 ‘ -lA, conyer,ed wfo a Magazine.
299.45
UMTS _ ,
Sv . As«£
>.V • **,
Jjgj
..-»•>
N-f 404 A--&^
388.8
-03
N?i4
MciAT/•isy^V'
4IS.O
Lakcaste/
• or
a m.
k_i.^
N? II M.B.
TtznAM
~Sm.30
v?.$m
■Ej&ih
<pepd/
t~N
123.94
~lfariU~arm. ammuniti&i
jtaga&ne'
\ \s<®
ZfU. 19
loo 50 n
500 400
daman TreneYirs are marked //am Do do >r/neA\ freer reversed and made (
use a/' In • /Ac BrY/YsYt . J.
J/or/ar B a//cries. _
Jfa//a;Yncs . ... .
Drains. ___
SCALE OF FEET
300 !
~K Sr X ~\
M. B.
M
d
SCALE OF YARDS
mo
L.
Cave
Jicujutzmes
5 ^^?* JSYec/ric Telegraph Station.
IrtluHrrttfihrtl .<-r>-nxvi 'it Mr ?opo>/fif>Mr.,/ . WAR DEPART M £NT. liOcr the J/irrctum V CAP? iLPHHi JTC,.. c A
fl ■ ‘/.-LWA'.S i Ol.. A’ A ■Sai.tM'.rrui.r

?P=SSB
mm
^o^fv:
* *'>'i.iiv i r'
<? -:>?

PLATE YIU
‘ awrrmaw zfa/R eva-iMp the-Sita* ■r.' r 4 rti.':oDji
- A '‘ ^ yd
c * V\<^
^ V
B A R R A C K B A T T E R T
M T£> *»
OP THE
•<0
English.. ^
NOTE.—--i.be Ground, us .enlarged .from, a smaller scale
Hussion Oua.rd J/o
- ■. ■■::’ r
mi/htno;.-,.
kdmmkL
Q R A R E I E S
\ ^
\ si? Husston fVcyne/
\u
• ■ii'.irjftmWY* ■ ■
i
OhfJhUsutn practise /ntfl
239.19
E R Y
i- \ Po/fu»pioop
s'/if h)if%
$0?
c .o#G
■~»(1 At if
/ .a^
/ t
' ■S i !.'- •. niff;-
.'i n
. N°8
. 0#$0&'
Ter rar
:<’"T’rmitfi^' r, ^*'’T^p rr '''' ,! '''TiTTr*!ir r 'f’ , fTri' 5 iuotT‘\n!Tin 7 mrT' , T’ , T' T 'r!nr(!T,ntr}rn'nnfr'T*rt'r<'*•' - imm-
Rfis/imi do dl iUMlRdll
*
w/m§
247.72
octvrs
\ -a ^
\ \ \ o
% %
\ TtyJk \ fUcSist ^
2 . 5 . 5 .»
rJiC '■ca.fv’OTb.
-Jc.U 7 .JO
J*,..
' IJpou
2 91 . ST til
Smalt arm Jlagaxme
s>7fel/.
€2^v
V-" ^-.i.r,-'*.! .
e'V, •-“
■. U-Sy^.; s.
H° .\-
&
\ •
\ /
X
\\
N ?3 AretkosaJ\^
M.B. ^TlXTl
. M. B
\jnrr
.'■* ««2>53.
'/SSO.OO
■ -‘-ar '
‘TheJSntjinftiDoJotcmdSit^asherti^^ .
tH'UM?5.Batizr}-yr<LS disarmed. ' " " ^ ^ J
r'j/.VS. '-,
LEFT OF ENGLISH ATTACK.
PICQUET HOUSE BATTERY
:o j^iriato,
Jtnasian Trenches are marked dues.
To do which. \ were, reversed and made use of hr the British
Mortar Batteries _
J/agadnes _
Trains _
M. B. M d
tea too
SCALE OF FEET
100 50 0
JX10
I
soo
l
500
-L
1000
I
For Sections on a ,. JJ. y. d. see Plate XU The other tetters refer to the Journal.
100
SCALE OF YARDS
Lahcffraphed <f hinted at t/u Topographical Pep' WAR OFFICE under the JurcUon /•/' CAPT- EL^H.'HSTONt. ti £
ff. JAMES. CQ1JR. E Su^iu.-J^

Section thro left Centre of o*!' Parallel
ii'iLHT ATTACH.
DiTAWU Ai5D SiEif JSIS ©I TME MIMS.
1’ I.A.V of N“ IX BATTERY,
Shewing the Craters produced hy explosions of Powder Magazines.
PLA TE IX .
; To Mxmcuunr' Lie-Report otl the-Szpge- of Sebastopol >
I \ !
Crater ofMagaune exploded. •June 7 '■* JCJo ■
Crater of 'Maga xine exploded-
Section thro'Trenches ;it the, Assault on the tP." Sept:ISoo
.[pril 16? 1855.
OX A B.
B
ON E E,
4 A 0
ON C J).
i« 0 ~
thro Left approach to l"” 1 Parallel
SECTION
THRO'MORTAR BATTER 1' .Y.°Ai:
Tdo
Parapet
Magazine-
thro Right approach un> to S 4 * EaraTLcl
Scale of Feet.
M 40 SO CO 70 SO !;■<
210
Sc ale of Feet .
t SQ ,40 __ ,VQ teofiet
430
LETT ATTACH.
DE.TOMLS hm S1OTSHS ©J 7MIWDMS,
PLATE A.
I To <zaoornpa?ty‘ tkeRepart'On- th^Sieqe- of 'Sebastopol !
thro’ N° 7 Battery and the Trench ui. advance.
Scale 240
thro’ 4 th Parallel.
Scale ^5
thro' Boyanx.
Scale 2to
ro‘ 5* Parallel. Scaie 2^
thro N° 15 Mortar Battery.
,Uale @s
on A B.
Scale 27tO
A
wtOi otaeT (are- ■ S 1
B
PLAN OP TIIE CAVES
on the left of the 4* Parallel
Scale 240
on C D. Scale 2 io
D
thro' V° 11 Battery.
Scale A)
PLAN OF
The Russian Rifle Lodgment (11) in the Cemeteiy Scale 1J0
OH A B.
Scale m>
C —
of Feet
N0TE7//C dolled lints X// represent the nrittituii//roundlines.
B
on C D.
Scale i2b
J)
Scale of Feet
_1 _
120
I.tl/uyniphert A- Prrjttrr! „t rf*r Tof><Kfrtyd«s„l. J>dp,rt WAR DEPARTMENT, l 'inter- the /h'/vclli’ll of CAPT" ELPH/NSTONE RE-
//. JAMES. Oil- It E. s,^-,hn.-o.uvt.

PIXTE XI.
[Ty a&xnnpaTU'' tk&ReparLan th&Sijsge- of Sebastopol J
RUSSIAN POWDER BOX A
'■Uiut.We.tt'..-/; T •/<■:. ■
mm**--
tifegfe
PLAN
SKETCH
OF THE
gmiEimsr & mtssiaht wmm
FRONT OF THE ADVANCED TRENCHES
Jin Titoe.
| , 1 I j I j ; :
Mf&ti////: X
(r/assl/ifip instas
tofSiS;
oi tae
ii'ujljt Attarli.
Prior to the Assault on the 7 ^ June. 1855
Hnml
Section
rowdei 35 lbs.
mii'dwln,,, -
NOTE. TheCommunication and Lodgment? farmed,-in. die Quarries’ Airing the itylW aT the- 7“ June ISih are sheen Sms _
The Trenches’ marked It are, J&fte Jits.
’* ; XI-! C i;% ;v- :; * "t"
J.vfK aXi
mMiCjM
it,
• '■PtJtv.
. kl . ■. teif?:' .
1 toot
I
k K RIE S
'hJ't'T&mM:-
i mmm,
T. '<!$&%%«&■
N*\ •
■WT''
Scale of Yards
qo 9o so 70 art Mi to 20 so 70
JPinrd&KXtoJes ^ \ \ '
W * 1 ' ‘ ' ' ' ' "
(IDS
SECTION thro' the QUARRIES Battery
Leeigwju 7 ,A Ju/t*Mii
Traverse
.-'I m I <;
, v ^Jv*ck\- (ground. f
wlOurut arp- cwering of earth
Scale ofVVet
l..a w9 r,e P hed A-^Hnind at the Tirpoyrafitmeal Zhpot WAR DEPARTMENT, VnJter tfe, JWuDon eef CART" £U>H/MSTON£ R.£
H • •/AM fs & . C OLf /i ■ I',. Snpen mm.i/m t

<oa'^

PL.17 E Xa .
fTa aocvrnpn?iy' the-Soport-on- th&Seqe'Of Sebastopol j
ssmwi vitbx
SECTION OF THE GROUND FROM THE FIRST PARALLEL. LEFT ATTACK. TO THE CREEK BATTERY.
(Along the dotted line Plan N 0 Vl!l)
IU3 Baliery
N? 8 Baiteiy
4^Parallel
Creak Battery
2lGunBatteiy
'' \A' V'' £ N ' >7 Battery
SECTION OF THE GROUND BETWEEN THE 2 1 GUN BATTERY AND THE REDAN.
3 S (Along the dotted line Plan NlVU j
N'.MS Battery
TRANSVERSE SECTIONS OE WORONZOFF RAVINE
AT a.lb. Plan N!VT 11
N?15Batt«iy
LEFT ATTACK
4 ^Parallel
Russian Battny
Russian Battery
StmUmfitHalim:
' RIGHT ATTACK Quarries
WAS!
Trench h V
AT y.C. Plan N° Yjll
t £ FT ATTACK NTtr Baa
Scale of Feet
Z, iOuHintphrii A- frattrd rit- the- Tafiotpyrjttorti] 7/qpot. WAX OEPANTMENT, Ontlrr Vt+ J)irrftl‘Oi of CAPT“ ELPH IN STONE. R.£.
* //- JAMES. CO/S R !■ Snpy-rinterutenl

C&r 1 hhtf

/t> accom/umy //it’ Rc/io/i 0 / ‘ fa/i/oms Mon/t/o/ie.b.-jX/r/io/so/iJiJi.i/a/cd / tf JXre/tt/rr](>:>;).
~Wb;
m
T
0
l 1
0
L
II
It
II
0
( lull Unus<*
,\\\v
V.Vy
yWWYV
ntoto
to
\A>\
tltox
to,
v.
u.
tom
/-/Vto
to/ -v ; v/p'/i'/fyd .
u
Sj.
, V
Ouaraiitiiicoi
■X
■■ s
A- :V v .toto;YnHMfiui7iY,!to , ._• • \
> .to" • " ‘“i ■ i’,,■ \; y
to.- "'towto-
' . U/,\ •
0 :
%d
//to' to
to.’G Jlastioirto to>
toto^ . to
'v'"
toHtoto
W< toY
; 1 §to
.to
' ''{toto - 1 ’ -
to
V
c
/fir
«
to/toto
•
vtoto
totototo
\V~£ \ <
„,pm
to.,;,rto
-J -
'to- f P
( (Mitral or - :r ..:.Z a \ il/i'to
^>to J
toll/
7 to.’.') Hast ion
O j
to 77 .^^
W-.R’
Sjl' "!l
tu/t/te
Ot/Sl
i/iott o/‘ tin’ Jirumt
aunt/
Kivmiors House
, tototo •<=*
eW
IJ
R
i
to
to
Garden '/iHatf erics;
tol' v
SECTIONS ON THE LINES E 1 F 1 CH'&I'K 1
CRENELLED WALL, BATTERY AND REDOUBT.
-T - ; • 1 - T /7/y 7 i’/'V/TT X: ' 7jj.:.=_=^ .' :•-; ! i r rfe/ fy-f TT/tT
||fef ?
T= S' Sji
VJ
-totofe to
... kto to to
"' ' ■-to toto;
7=>to .
totou
C‘ -
^JjC" /To" •TJtr- -
_. -B
•to^ to ■ to to
'r/i v\ y-
to j to-to
l’laj> - S<af‘l‘< r >? to=i/? ' ^ N 1 .’-I Haslion m- to 1 'k
:.M
/ UflJ
7 lirufi
(a(Jio/i(
Cliuix*la
ry ,\U'Mto
B'V , 7 7 / // //to/toto
• a' 1 '-'' ,-\vto N ;\to\\vw\M^to
■■hm toil isilitoto ■■■' '
iaslion
> «pppp i
’ to!
toito to
to
•'"VitoV '*
<tototo to'-
, v/ ,, ■, %■ togplJtotomto
W%m y '
/\'rison
-'Y’to'Y'jUv ■ i .'iL5l / / ', '
TAtoto:'' , totototo
<V.. A ■■/;s<Z4',
■■
IIosj)iIal
totom
Malaklioff or J
to
KornilrlT Ilastion /-J
to;; .to
totototo '~i / .
Ian
XX Seiiiir'liinsk Kodouhf
j.
■to/toxtoto
''■ .. ;;:'7| : totototo’'
^'^to\y'toto‘'V'
-to • W.'.tosv,!.' •to\0^\'
////, to- ; , ■/;, i j} WV 1 ' 1 ' 1 ''’
vto*
. 'gkifeiWi&Wm
ji m&
$&§,
00
.totos^x to/to; •
mm.
s-toto-.
■ .-totov -vtotoB
,\v\\ar""
? •; \ v \ v • ■
ito- urn
to
S'*
UyTj. -'Si-, --j
r> ’/•'' - '<■','Pt'.'H
" ^ /O ' ,, lih, •’/RyStlj • s 'rvi’f<’f r Hi "/
m
totoVVr/.YY
X- ' 'j
Ilastion ditoMat
- K'
. H 1
LIST OF ORDNANCE IN POSITION IN THE RUSSIAN LINES AND ADVANCED WORKS
( exclusive of Forts Nicholas and Paul )
COVERING THE SOUTH SIDE OF SEVASTOPOL.
J 1 toyMainolon or
Kainsrlintka Rcdoulit
11 favY
■ ifaWTK"
SECTIONS ON THE LINES A B,C D. and E F.
LITTLE REDAN.
toi.
to-
■'
-~B
\ ?
r !u/<‘l-/n/ix /‘it
to '■■J
(‘arronadi'S
M o r ( a r s
Total Or <1 n a lire
SECTIONS ON THE LINES CD 1 ,A 1 B'and Y Z.
FLAG STAFF BASTION OR BASTION DU MAT.
! r o s / 7 io x -j j h.
w ! CF
|
71
zl
y .;
V,
l- £■
j ri
S.
Small
2
i '—r
i. =
z~ '~c
<■
\j 1 j | |P
| /me t>/‘ works /rota (arccuiuo fi/tv to (iervtus \ ~
/ia/ferv i/ic/tu/iao the Lt/tfe /udan./uu/ Ma/a/,■<>//' *
:>a
i
:
7:s
67
/-/
.‘J
7.9
.73
12
d 7 f<)
: 1 -r-
131 : 13.7 12 1
, 1
/.me of worf'S from Oervtas /ia/ferv to /he | free/' /ia/ferv, inc/tufmp /he /xedau ami J‘)
fiarraeh Ha/fertes.
77
IS
3
2.7
J<> 12
-/
7
.7
-/ JO
,7
I Z.9.9 11 | 111
.7
\ /iae o/‘ \eorhs from die (reef- i/i lh/- road
i ' fea/fiao /i'tmi fia/af'fttea into Sehas/o/tof he- \
/ween /he (en/raf or ffatfs/a/)' Jiasfions, and / }) 1
mefiafim/ the ffat/s/a/'/' flas/ion,(iari/en, an// j
free/- f'Sat/cries.
20
!)/
.7
3
2
2
i
~ i
7
7
13(1
n
-/
7
, /me o/ wor/'s from /he roatf />rcvionsfy men- j tmned, /o /he rath/ / fan/' o/‘ the fen/raf Has- / •/
I (ion inefta/ino fen fra/ fias/ion. j j
ir,
.70
J!)
-/ 3
2 -/ a
12
3
70 33
1
jr> n
i
12
1 f.ine of u tir/s fi-om the riph/ /fan/' t>/‘ (he j (en/raf fias/ion lo /he Sea, inefai/ttn; For!
. Ife.rand<f, and Ottaran/ine fias/ion.
\ , Ottaran/ine fort and flatteries he/iveen (>
j /fits fm't am/ /he Enceinte. ~ *'
.7
JU
■to
*>
3
20
2
■l
3 i 2
.7
(!
21!)
ov
.9
6 -
.7
i
2
.7.9
,7
■1
1
j 3
71
,7
3
-1
iouti fiat/et'ies. , > •>
2!)
;s2
a
7
;
(7.7
13
; Ottvrat/es flfanes and Mamefon.
72
r o r ./ /, ■/ 7 j
2 a
7
:i/j
!)1
221
!Kl
27
<;o
fits
.7 7
OG
no
1G
// : 77
2-/
23
1013
20!)
JO 7
22
2d
SHEWING THE lil ME8 jW i>\i¥MISIE§ WDlfiliCS TIIROM'N UP BY THE
-D 1
rfrft
/. / l; )■
'P11
COY Ki; THE -MOUTH .SIDK OE
• B 1
; <to J ^
T}
Cv5j
cvi>
S* :C\ I f
Total ol all descrijitions ot‘ Ordiitinco I.‘ 57 .‘).
T\m 7 ^totoito 7 to 7 tototo
—
toi
The lif/anv, which huUcaic /he hchfhi a hove /he /eve/ o/' /he Sea are u-rif/eti thus (190)
Surveyed hy Jj/eit/'A f/e Jere, Kro/r/on, one/ /w/wards, J\.//. o/tt/ D/'au /i hy Lieu/. I'/s/ter, J\ .h. Engraved in //$/>/>, of /he Ordnance Survey ()//rce Son/Zuunpion, under f/ie direef ion of Ltenl.(b/one/ Santeron.R E.
Colouol .Tamos,K.E. F.K.S. Suj>oi*intojuI<Mi1.
77v Ou/hnr by JiMar<t/iu/l. iVr/H/u/ by f.Dasibi//, lib/,* />,■' L./ie Ca/bW>.
Sea/es of' Miles' and Yards
'■< ii _fz

&( ? / 464
rMA'.J*"*'-
’tC-O,

PLATE XIV
( Tj tuxompaTtv theRepcrt'Ori th^Sbrye-of. ^eowstopol
:jJlan itf the
shewing the
FRENCH LODCMENTS and ALTERATIONS.
made by them in the original Russian Work.
Commenced by theRussians on the niqhl of tO t !‘ // t !' Atn/rh iS55. TaAai 6y A.ssaitit hy the, French, on the, afternoon of 7^-June- 1865.
Scale* ofFeel *80 .
60 _ 70
120 /JO JM ISO
270 180
1*0 200 Softf/.
Section on A B C/J
Ground
sps
french; Lodgment
Traverse*
mm.
■■tfm
Line
French Mortar
B atter y
RM l
Hitssian Batterr of 6 Guns
,\ Hu. i'S'fa/i tynvder
I .Powder Maqaxme
tiever sect by the French dc converted into a Frenc h Battery .
Powder ' Magazine
hlcvatioji of Entrant to Magaxinc/.
Sectrozv otPowder Magaxiw.
,,,. l\.«i« erb
T «f "lift
ch * aiiC ^
Scale of feet »./».
.t
•s
hi ^
^ 1 g $
fI % ° § o 1
£ I
1
nh'.
Hie alteration# made by the French in the Itr/ails ot the.*
Original Russian tiednaht arc shewn thus -
1.77as tleml)f>roo/ was used as a Powder Magazine by the French and was blown up by the enemy's tire in the rug hi of the 28$'Atuflt#t-. 1855 .
2 Traverse , covering entrance to Jtaga xine.
3 Traverse , constructed by the French .
\ fe \\
k \ ^ ’
\
l \
\ V *
\ V
\ \ ^
u
\ \ s
\ \
V \ 3
\ \
\' *
\\
?V ' '
l \\
l.iOuHimphnl A- fix/urd rrt-thr 1iifw</r<if>/uru/ Prpat WAR DEPARTMENT, Cnt/er tit* J/imriiai of CAPT‘
II. JAMES Cote R
ELPH/NSTONE Rk- A . Safwi/iitruimt.

PLATE XV.
ITo aaxmzpajif the'Rcjpffrttm, tk^Sitge- oPSebastopolj
OF THE
MMDAi? MSfMI
SURVEYED BY
Li eat ? DeYere and (Jordon RE
NOTE. Th^ thick lines vnclicctf& / the- crArol&m? trfth^Tk? w^was^-ZW & Bsmhproofs, & the thin’ dotted' law she*' the. Chambers laiderneath.
Scale
R M. Pgh'Jst A fays. B.P. Bomb -Proo/s
§E(gTJM§-@F Teas -F^UAj'J
ON A B.
ON A K.
nxuwn/js
ON CD.
on a h
■mma^s&mssz
ElbVATIO N
o n c (I.
^fKSS^
Roi 1 /'(vrt.*ist&l'af \ ybf//l (hwlntss ,9f
( Juntos J. J fUtwi. )
I.nhi«,r,<pli'*t x- 11-iiuni nt * hr Jof.H/iyi/’hu-iJ h<y,n vtAft D£PARTMENT, VuthT tfu- Jftirxtum of CAPT‘ ELPH/NSTON EKE.
//. JAMES. On.! It- A Supi-iinttniiUnt
i

PL xn: x\i.
(Jo aocompan,' span o- .‘ieSai/e'Ji,',voL
Jji J
from the French.
COUNTER MINES
6jlc i Advanced®
mm.
0 \ o U 1’ . . .
MM*
shh
,:«W
L’arapei
WW'wVa
SS®
\tmvpoii
sk
z.'/iii".
X 0 TE
,t c J Galleries of Communicatimtj b d 1 to ll/e mam, ditch. m.m. areXombproofs frjlagaxines
DITCH i
ftuimi of Bcuuu'ii
v j
(Affording very imperfect cover)
Scale ol Yards
' a lhr J*p*. WAR DEPARTMENT, iW ,J» Jrie^on of CAPT‘ ELPH/NSTONE
II ■ JAMES Co/.’ /{ E Sui/aim

PLATE XIIA.
(To Moompemr th&Rnport/0n,the'Sieye'ofSd>astopolJ
firrrw
MMi
r,rnrr,i
L ! j . 1
DETAILS and
——--—.— *-o ©
SECTIONS.
(from
th -3 Prencli.)
ON L XI
ON XY
ON ST
ON G-H
48 0
480
Traverse
ON OP
ON g R
ON Z Z
mm
m*m
SHm
ON I X . 480
ON UNN 4 * 8 o
DETAILS of the TOWER
Remains \ of Tower.
PLAN
_E Entrance to Ronibproofs
ON AB
ELEVATION
* <? N
II ill I if
11 I ll ll I
iilif £ 111111 !
an
ilSM
lllHIlilllllllilllllllll
iuimiiiiimnl
il.i Jill i||N!li> l i|||
IktfUliUUIKI
iniuuHiniiilikumi
ss^RSisasr'ics
wmm
s i: c t i o x s
OF A lirssrAA BOMB-PROOF.
Longitudinal 205 - transverse 200*
Section tb.ro’ a Battery Ao
wm
mm
sS?
W& 3 W.
on all
on e f. 48 D
C (J. +80
At*
Wm
mm
mmssrn
wm
For Sections.-iso
'HFeet
Scale
Scale
"For Details . soo
40 50
M Feet.
l.ithv/rvif/tva A-l>n„trd ,rt the Tr«f/rt^MnU Ityvt WAR DEPARTMENT, Cutler the fHrvcrim of CART- ELPH/NSTONE R.E
If JAMES Co IT ft SnfHHnuyui.-nt.

1X: -. »

, PLATE J TIL
! To accompany* the-Report-ore theSiepe ofSeoa-rtopol
IM?TiEia¥
B AST I 6 "n N° 4
Shewing tils Sts tern of Mines Sc Comtermines
O t /
Executed "by ties FRENCH & RUSSIANS during, the Siege.
-in
J300015a
cOOiks
Eoeibs
Russiaa ltifle Fit
2003 bs
LOWER SYSTEM sieving depths below the surface SOOOlbs^
‘iy.'rfk
vortie,
29£t;
Sjrisi
REFERENCE.
Upper System-
Galleries 3-0 • x 2 <9
Do(a.a)E‘- 6 ' x E Lower Systems Do 3-6 x 3 ■ 6’ Drench/ Galleries. jfampuip,
Shafts of Gmstmcfm- of the Upper System, hy whul. the Galleries carche-aifrcd.
Shafts hetn'eeniheiUpper and/Dcnr/r System/, sunk- in rock-.
Chambers, loaded. The-numhers a7i7tsmd-
denote the. chompas in, Ms.
The dqoths of the 7 &/sda 7 i.Shine,s, hefnrthe surf Ter. ofihejrott 7 id, ar&pivc 7 i-in,feet.and- ten-measured to the soles of the Galleries. Mortar .Halters \
Scale of Ret.
J00
Section on ABl
Scale 4 Fo
Section, on (Jill*
Scale zTb
Section or.
Scale 4 bo
10 s
o
SCALE ok FEET a-io
to 20 3o *0 5o So JO
PLAN OT
CAP 0 A I E It E
Scale Uo
Gate of Sallyport (B)
Scale 80
Palisades of
Scale
DITCH
Section, on CD 1 .
Scale 4A0
ho mining GaUer?'
DITCH
Scale of Feet 4B0
INTERIOR ELEVATION, SECTION & PLAN OF B0MBPR00FS IN FLAGSTAFF
BASTION
Section on C 1 ).
LG,.
O O
o O

^ :

M4

PIATE XVIII.
(<) aocomuar :' V/* T.-mat.?*? te-.^tMc- ?■.
m
p Spring
'pnsy
%V Drain, for collecting \V Aon watei
Un-ercR
jjip^ing limit
Old fond
\ Covered Drain.
d
SdESiDFadviT/ur j?' rlcaiuni, gw. rand.
frost.. Drum.
Horse' Troughs
Bathing Tunk t sufplied chiefly Iry Raui irata &, partially fo-the tire/fla*" from the Dipping TanA
$A*
SKETCH
•<* // %
Washing
•pmtg
in the
DOCKYARD CREEK RAVINE
to the left of ‘ the .?f* Division Camp
Reference:
Scale._ 40feet to llnch. 4o
PIXIE XIX.
’ ir.yj.yvi'y ‘relievcri on. ttr.eSw.fe .
At 'a’and'b'Wirc oodts for letting the. water run eitha intothe washingglare, the watering place
for horses or the tubs tor cooking purposes etc. _
This peculiar arrangement was madein consequence of the-spring which at first, could merely supj>fy the, washing place, gradually increasing in volume, p p . trait piping for conveying 1he. water.
The Pipe "hd'is in no way connected rvith the lurrse troughs. —
yB The Iron Piping used, in the construction of this j. the other watering places, is 4 -^interior Diameter, y m lengths of' from 10 to Vi ft Upwards of Boot* of this piping has been obtained from the Russian Conduit in the-l)ock, 4 ard Creek Ra\-ine ythich had hitherto supplied with water the, greater part of the Town-of Sebastopol.
•“-t -."f
‘f? npgmg Emit, ^
1N
Waste Dram
piPTr natmng ~Dx>ughy
supplying
SKETCH
ot thii
N REAR OF 3" DIVISION CAMP
adjoining the french Watering placed.
, .-
Reference:
^ ’ } Washing '* > i 7'artk
: I__
P
x sto: '
irem.
d z°“
(teetering troughs
\ The noshing places we supplied fy (he oreifluw
i
i of waste wider, at lfoe Dipping txuiks- ~~ At the point M b ‘‘tnthe upjter di/iping tank., a cock is fixed, fry means of'which a/p 4 amount of water mag he fat off into the watering troughs /l, C, of. ary moment when wanted.
E. Rabble Stone Wall, to protect the upperside of the Tank, and to prevent any impmides,# surface water, being washed into tL
Scale— 40Feet to ilnoh.
bo 4o So Ho »f» So go iqe
PIXI E XX.
ROUGH SKETCH
Waste Drain supplying It ashing Places
W0R0NZ0FF RAVINE
Situated between theLic/hl IZ/Pmsion Camps.
Dipping Tank
REFERENCE
At ihe/Points A .A. are "Cocks'o/' Taps'for supplying at any moment the Horse Troughs with die requisite guantUv of water .
B.B * Low Parapet Walls, to prevent Carts or Horses, from- i/yuring the open drains.
The Uniforms P at these and all the other Tanks, are pared”& ’puddled '’, and have a slope to the rear. U,e, towards the drain/of l in 24, so as to preclude, thepossibility of waste- water reentering the. Tanks. On each side of the Washing Tanks, are small Trenches /c, c,....} about' 2 n .9 UX deep. This enables the men to
perform, their Crashing* whilst standing _ Loose stones £graxd. have- been placed, at the bottom of
thf.se Trenches. to enable (he surfiice wale/ 4 to percolate through .
Troughs or "This "/or dorses
Eadtroad for Morses
s i.
a
TANK
Section through a . h
Scale dO feet to.I inch.
Utmwrvq.hrti A- Prbftrei ,.t the 7af,,*p*t r hu-„l Jty,* WAR CEPARTM ENT. Vn.ln tl~ l*,ref„m of CAST’ ELPWNSTONE R E.
If. ./AMDS ( Ol. ’It l\ . Sapcrwttndants.

‘tf Ul l l l i f*
‘—r-t*«r