w; r. *VM fe**! r¥L- >3 8 Lm\ mm^m WM fed* sssr am m fe<$W g^Mm r**- mm as* A AT . *3TiS* ,t\& ,\6.v/.K r'^S It is not without the greateft diffidence that I fubmit this work to the public eye. Much of its imperfe&ion mu ft be attributed to the difficulty of afcertaining to which particular College many of the illuftrious ornaments of the Univerlity belonged; all the printed works, and the laborious colleftions of Mr. Baker and Mr. Cole, differing widely on the fubjedf. Many, who well de- ferved a place in this volume, are alfo, I fear, omitted, or their names merely noticed; -as a detailed account of each would have extended it much beyond a 3 the C vi ) the fize to which it was necefiarily confined. But I have Tome fatisfac- tion in recollecting, that an account is here given of many deferving perfons, whofe biography has been too much negleCted. I am fully aware that an Athena Can- tabrigienfes would have been too arduous a talk for me to have attempted, notwithftanding the abundance of materials which may be found for fuch avvork, in the voluminous collections of the learned gentlemen I have mentioned i and the MSS. of Mr. Drake Morris, in the Harleian Library, which feem tolerably complete, fo far as relates to the Archbilhops and Bifhops, who have finifhed their education at * this Univerfity. That fuch a work* I confi- ( vii ) confidering the copious fund of amufe- ment and inflrufrion it would afford, if properly executed, has never appeared, may, indeed, excite much furprize and regret; as no Univerfity has pof- feffed a greater number of members more fully adequate to fuch an undertaking than Cambridge. That Dr. Richardfon, Mr. Baker, and Mr. Cole, had the idea, is evident from their eol- leftions; and it muft ever be lamented, that men fo eminently qualified did not live to complete it. All that I can hope, on the prefent occafion, is, that I have executed, at leaft, a more complete and entertaining Guide to the Members and Vifi- tants of the Univerfity, than any which has yet appeared ; and if, in that point of ( viii ) of view, this volume fhould meet with approbation, it may, probably, induce me to attempt a fimilar one of the fif- ter Univedity. May, 1803. J- WILSON. • it / PREFACE. CAMBRIDGE was the ancient Camboritum of the Romans. If our dreaming chroniclers may be believed, the Univerfity was firft founded by Cantaber, a Spaniard, bred at Athens, 375 years before the commencement of the Chriftian sera, from whom alfo it received its name. This, however, feems to have been an invention of thofe, who were defirous of op- pofing the priority, in point of time, of the Cambridge foundations to thofe at Oxford; and deferves about as much credit as the Hif- tory of King Brute. Others, certainly with a greater fhare of probability, afcribe its foundation to Sigebert, King of the Eaft Angles, about the year 630. But between the time of thefe two foundations ( X } lions, we have many marvellous anecdotes recorded; which, with fober antiquaries, are not intitled to the fmalleft credit, CafTivellaun, the Britifh Prince of the Tri- nobantes, is reprefented as its Patron; Jofeph, of Arimathea, as its Apoftle; and Arthur, the early pride of Britain, as one who had endowed it with fuperior privileges. That it was ruined in the Danifh invafion, and lay long neglefted, is pretty clear; as well as that it did not thoroughly recover it- fe \f, till the Norman government was efta- bltfhed. The firft charter of privileges to the Uni- veriity, is faid to remain among the records in the Tower, dated 1231, the fifteenth year Of Henry the Third. And, perhaps, one great reafon why our notices of its earlieft hiftory are fo few and indiftindt, is, that although Houfes of Learning, and Inns, and Halls, for Scholars, were founded, they were every one without endowments. Before the eftablifhment of the prefent fixteen Colleges and Halls, Cambridge had upwards of thirty Inns, or Hoftels, where Students lived and ftudied ( x 'l ) ftudied at their own charge, and under a principal. Pythagoras’s School, in a garden adjoining St. John’s College-walks, is falfely fuppofed to have been one of thefe, where the Croy- land Monks read lectures; but is really the infirmary to St. John’s Hofpital. Edward the Fourth took it from King’s College here, and gave it to Merton College, Oxford; whofe property it has ever fince been, and is' fometimes called Merton Hall. The firft College that received endowment Was Peterhoufe; it was built in 1257, by Hugh de Balfham, Bifhop of Ely, who did not endow it till 1284: in imitation of whom, Richard Badew, affifted by Elizabeth Clare, Countefs of Ulfter, 1340, founded Clare Hall. How other endowments fucceeded, will be feen in the courfe of this work. The Scholars were at firft kept in private houfes, hired every ten years, for the foie ufe of the Univerftty. In 1443, Public Schools Were begun, in the place where they now ftand, at the expence of the Univerftty, af- ftfted by benefaftors. The ( xii ) The weft fide of the court, containing the Philofopher’s, or Bachelor’s School below, and the Phyfic and Law Schools above, was built at the coft of the Univerfity. The north fide, containing the Divinity Schools below, and the Regent and Non-Regent Houfes above, by Sir William Thorpe, of Lincolnfhire. The fouth ftde, containing the Logic and Grammar Schools, by Laurence Booth, Bilhop of Durham, Chancellor of the Univerfity : and the eaft fide, or entrance, by Archbifhop Rotheram. The Library above, was built and furnilhed by the fame benefadtor, and Tunftall, Bifhop of Durham. Few of the original books are now to be found: but the Library was greatly augmented by King George the Firft, who having pujxhafed, for ia,ooo/. a large and valuable colledtion of books and MSS. made by Dr. John Moore, Bilhop of Ely, pre- fented them to the Univerfity. Befide the Colleges defcribed in the following account, a new one is fhortly to be eredt- ed, in purfuance of the will of Sir George Downing, and to bear his name. This gentleman, ( xiii ) tleman, in 17x7, devifed various eftates for this purpofe, in failure of certain iffue j and the validity of the will, after many years litigation, is now completely eftablilhed. The Mailer, the Profeflors, and three of the Fellows, are already appointed: thirteen other Fellows are to be chofen when the College is built. The Univerlity, as compofed of a Chancellor, the Mailers, or Heads, and Fellows of the College, and the Students, amounting, in the whole, to near two thoufand, is incorporated as a Society, for the lludy of all the liberal Arts and Sciences. Each College, or Hall, is a body of itfelf not only bound by internal regulations, but alfo controuled by the paramount law of the Univerlity: each furnilhes Members for the government of the whole, which is adminillered by a Chancellor, High-Steward, Vice-Chancellor, Proctors, Caput, &c. James I, granted the Univerfity the privilege of fending two Members to Parliament. The Chancellor is ufually a Nobleman, and may be changed every three years j or con- b tinued ( xiv ) tinued longer by the tacit con fen t of the Uni- verfity. The High-Steward is chofen by the Senate, and holds his office by patent from the Univerfxty. The Vice-Chancellor's is an annual office: he is chofen regularly by the body of the Uni- verfity, on the 4th of November, out of two perfons nominated by the Heads of Houfes. The Prcolors, who are alfo annually chofen, on the 10th of Odtober, muft be Matters of Arts: they attend to the difcipiine and behaviour of the Under-graduates and Bachelors, read the graces, and take the votes in the Whitehood-houfe. The ‘Taxors, chofen in like manner as the Prodtors, are with them Clerks of the Market, and have cognizance of weights and meafures. Their office was originally made to counterbalance the exorbitance of the town’s-peoplewho, before the foundations of the Univerfity had regular endowments, impofed fadly on the Scholars, to whom they ,let their houfes for refidence. The two Moderators fuperintend the exer- cifes ( XV ) dies in Philofophy, and the examinations previous to the degree of Bachelor of Arts: this they do as afliftants to the Proftors. The Scrutators are appointed to read the grace, and take the votes of the Blackhood- houfe, to which they always belong. The Commijjary is an affiftant, or affeflbr, to the Vice-Chancellor in his court. The Public Orator is the mouth of ths Univerfity on public occafions ; writes their letters, and prefents noblemen to their degrees, with a fpeech. The Caput confifts of the Vice-Chancellor, a Dodtor of Divinity, a Dodtor of Laws, a Doctor of Phyfic, a Regent and Non-Regent Matter of Arts, is chofen annually, on the 12th of October j and is to determine what graces are proper to be brought before the body of the Univerfity. The Univerfity has alfo two Librarians , a Regijlrar , three EJquire Beadles-, and inferior officers; befide ProfelTors in Divinity, Law, Phyfic, Cafuiftry, Hebrew, Greek, Arabic, Mathematics, Philofophy, Aftronomy, Ana-, tomy, Chemiftry, Botany, Modern Hiftory, Foffils, and Mufic. b 2 Befides ( xvi ) Befides the Fellows and Scholars of the different Colleges, there are two other orders of Students, called Penfioners. The greater Penfioners are the young nobility and gentlemen of fortune, who are called Fellow Commoners, from their dining with the Fellows: the leffer Penfioners are dieted with the Scholars j but both live at their own expence. There is alfo a large number of Scholars of inferior fortune, called Sizars; thefe, though not regular Members of the foundations, are capable of receiving Exhibitions, which affift them very much in paffmg through an expenfive education. The fyftem of education purfued is liberal, and the incentives to emulation, and the rewards of merit, very numerous. In this laft refpedb Cambridge is, perhaps, fuperior to Oxford, where, generally fpeaking, the opportunities of rewarding merit by open foundations, are not fo great as in the filter Univerfity, The grand examination of Students is that which precedes the degree of Bachelor of Arts. It takes place in the Senate-Houfe, on the firft Monday in Lent Term, and the three fol- ( xvii ) following days. The candidates from all the . Colleges having gone through their refpedtivc courfes of ftudy, their examinations in their own Societies, and their exercifes in the Schools, are here impartially examined in public. The chief ftrefs, in thefe examinations, is laid upon Mathematics and Natural Philofophy and the greateft proficients in thefe are placed higheft in the' lift of honours. When the examination is completed, the candidates are arranged in claffes, according to their refpeftive merits. The firft clafs are called Wranglers, and the fenior Wrangler is confidered as the firft man of his {landing in the Univerfity. The two next clafles are termed Jenior and junior Optimes And thefe are all the degrees of honour. The reft of the candidates, if their ignorance is not too glaring, are fuffered to have their degrees in a fort of multitude; and are fometimes jo- cofely denominated, by their fellow Students,, ei 7reAAo». ERRATA. Page 16, line it, for Augufine, read Auguflan. Page 33, line 13, for the, read of. Page 66, line 10, for creditable, read credible. Page in, line 4, for Grange, read Granger. , .._, line 25, for Edward, read Edmund. •f 'S:- J mm ~7K.> ’-,, s>> wo. hL&. S£*» STP.et.kks College -EaX'.nar St. Peter’s College, or Peter Houfe. Antiquity.] — This College is generally reputed the molt ancient of both Univerfities; but there are three Colleges in Oxford which yet contend for greater antiquity, and the difpute is undecided by Antiquarians. 1. Baliol College, which was founded and endowed by John Baliol, Anno 1262, 46 Henry III. 2. Merton College, which was founded and en- 1 dowed (but not incorporated) Anno 1274, 3d Edward I. by Walter Merton, Bilhop of Rocheller; and, 3. Univerfity College , endowed by William, Archdeacon of Durham, Anno 1249, 3 2c ^ Henry III. Founder.]— Peter Houfe, as it is generally called, claims for its founder Hugh de Bal- sham, at that time Sub-prior of Ely, who iii the year 1257, q.2d Henrv III. purchafed two Halls, or Hoftels, near St. Peter’s Church, which, though A formerly I ( * ) formerly of confiderable note, were then fallen into decay. In the year 1258, he was elecfteci to the See of Ely, but the confent of the King not having been previoufly obtained, it was fometime before the poffeffion of the Bifhopric was confirmed to him; which, having received, he at once fhared his fortune with his College, removing there the Secular Brethren i>f St. John’s in the Jewry, and endowing it with a foundation, for the maintenance of a Mailer, fourteen Fellows, two Bible Clerks, and eight Scholars. He appointed his fuccelfors in the Bilhopric, to be Patrons and Vifitors of the College, with the appointment of Mailer, and bequeathed, by his Will, 300 Marks, viz. to build a Hall, and 100 for a Court.—The Charter of Incorporation is dated 13th Edward I. Anno 1285. The Bifhop died in the year 12S6, having fat in the See of Ely twenty-eight years. Name.] —This College takes its name from St. Peter’s Church, which adjoined it; but the Chancel falling down in 1350, it was rebuilt in 1352, and dedicated to St. Mary the Lefs. Description.] —The Building confifts of two Courts feparated by a Cloifter and Gallery: The largeft has. within thefe few years been entirely new cafed with Hone in an elegant manner. The lelfer £ourt is divided by the Chapel; and an the north- fide ( 3 ) fide is a lofty elegant building faced with ftone, from the upper part of which there is an extenfive pro- fpeft, taking in Gogmagog Hills, &e.— This Euilcling contains fix grand apartments. Chapel.] —The Chapel is a fine Building, having in the Gallery at the weft end an organ, given by Sir Horatio Mann; at the eaft, ftands a very handfome altar-piece of Norway oak, over which is a window of fine painted glafs, containing the Hiftory of our Saviour’s Crucifixion between the two Thieves, the figures almoft as large as life. This Chapel was built by contribution, in 1632; but Matthew Wren, Bilhop of Ely, and then Mafter of the College, was at the chief expence of it*. Garden.] —There Is a Grove fouth of the College, and a large Garden beyond, it, with very fine fruit, and a Cold Bath. * See fome'verfes fpoken on the Confecration of thra Chapel, 17th of March, 163-1, previous to the commencement of the fervice, by Craihaw, printed then in a fmgle flieet, and afterwards publiflied among his Poems, intitled, “ Votiva domus Petrenfis pro domo dei,’’ beginning, Ut magis in Mundi votis, aviumque querelis, Jam veniens folet. effe dies, ubi cufplde prima, Palpitat- — ... . A 2 Dr. ( 4 ) Dr. Fuller, fpeaking of this College, obferves, I cannot but commend one peculiar practice here, “ in psreferving the pictures of all their principal “ Benefactors in the Combination Room. For, “ though the bounty of the judicious is grounded “ on more folid motives, than to be flattered by the “ fancy that their effigy (hall be kept, yet fuch an “ ingenuous memorial may be an encouragement “ to a Patron’s liberality.”—Thefe Paintings are on the pannels of the wainfeotting, with a diftich under each; for example: " Hserectem voluit Sladns confcribere Teirurn, “ Clauderet extremum ne line prole diem.” Fuller’s verfion fuits the original fo well, that it would be vain to attempt an improvement: “ Slade, Peter chofe, and for his heir affign’d him, “ Lead he fhould die, and leave no child behind him.” There are in this College a Maftcr, twenty-two Fellows, and forty-three Scholarfhips; number of Fellows, Scholars, and other Students, about eighty. The Mafterfhip is in the Gift of the Bifhop of Ely, who is Vifitor. The Fellows return two perfons, upon one of whom he makes his election. T. his College has ten Livings in its Gift. Bene- t 5- r Benefactors.] —The principal Benefactors to this College, after the Founder, were Simon de Montacute, Bifhop of Ely, who was the Author of a new Body of Statutes, and gave the Matters and Scholars the privilege of nominating their own Members, which, till then, was veiled in the Bifhops of Ely; referving to himfelf and fucceffbrs the power of confirming the nomination. He alfo bellowed the Patronage of the Retflory of Kenton,, and a fmall Manor in Hadenham, called CheweL Simon Langham, Bilhop of Ely, and afterwards Archbilhop of Canterbury; John Warke- worth *, Mafter; John Whitgift, Archbifhop of Canterbury; Fordham, Bifhop of Ely; Walpole,. Bifhop of Norwich; Cofins, Bifhop of Durham; Lady Mary Ramfey;. Sir William Browne, M.D.; Edward Lord North; and Dr. Perne, were alfo« important Benefactors, * Leland, in his Colleflions, Tom. IT. part ii. p. 471, &c.—fays: “ A Booke of Chronique in Peter Col'c-ge Li~ “ brarh: The Bocke was of his J owne hande, fometime- " Mafter of Peter College; concluding thus (p. 499): ,s Fi- “ nljhid ctnd ended after the Copie of Caxton therm yn Weft- “ rnynflret" which copie MSS. I have, feene and added tt note at the PolychroruconT t This muft be Matter WarkercoortF A 3 ' BlSHOSS; ( 6 ) Bishops and eminent Men. William de Witlesey, Archbifhop of Canterbury, third Maher, 1368, 42c! Edward III. He gave all his Books of Civil and Canon Law, and Divinity, to the College Library. John de Bottlesham, Mafter, Bifhop of Rochefter, 1400, 2d Henry IV. John Whitgift, 1583, 25th Elizabeth, Fellow, afterwards Archbifhop of Canterbury ; in which See he fucceeded Archbifhop Grindal, whofe Chrif- tian forbearance and mildnefs in Ecclefiaftical Affairs, was by no means agreeable to the Queen. Whitgift’s temper was warm by nature, and it was highly inflamed by the acerbity of controverfy. A- man more proper for the rigorous execution of Pena] Statutes to their utmofl pitch, could hardly have been fixed upon; and thefe he extended -without diferimi- nation againfl ail Diffenters from the Eflablifhed Church. By his advice, Elizabeth granted a new Commiffion, which, befides the ufual powers of en- * quiring into abufes, &c. was alfo armed with an inquifitorial power to force any perfon to confefs what he knew, and punifh him at diferetion. Bifhop Burnet tells us, that Queen Elizabeth ufed to call him her little black Hujband•, which fhe might fay with fome reafon; for if we ufe the expreffion of Church and King, why not Church and t^jieen. In ( 7 ) In 1567, he was Mailer of Trinity College; at which time he publifhed feveral polemical pieces againh Cartwright (which will he noticed when we come to that College). He died the 29th of February, 1603. Leonard Mawe, Mailer, Biiliop of Bath and Wells, 1628, 4 Car. I. Walter Curle, Fellow,. Biiliop of Win- cheher, 1632, 8 Car L Matthew Wren, Maher, Biiliop of Ely, 1638, 13 Car. I. John Cosins, Maher. He w T as admitted a Pcnfioner of the College, April 26, 1649, at ^ le age of fifteen, having received the previous part of his education at the Public School at Peterborough. During the reign of Charles the Firh, lie was Maf- ter of this College, and Dean of Peterborough, be- fides enjoying feveral other preferments. He was the firh of the Clergy whofe Dignities and Benefices were fequehered by the Parliament, being ejefted from his Maherfliip of the College, and other fituations, on the 13th of March, 1643, for “ oppofing,” as the warrant exprelfes it, “ the “ proceedings of Parliament, and odier fcanda- “ lous adls.” While he was Prebendary of Durham, he was accufed by one Peter Smart, who had been profe- cuted by him for preaching againh Epifcopacy, of introducing many fuperfiitious innovations into the Church f 8 ) Church of Durham, which are too ridiculous to mention. In 1643 he retired to Paris, where he became Chaplain to the Proteftant part of Queen Henrietta Maria’s family. He was reftored to his College, of which he was re-appointed Majier , on the 3d of Auguft, 1660; but lie refigned his fitua- tion on being, appointed Bifhop of Durham, on the 18th of OTober, in the fame year. The princely revenues of this opulent See, afforded full fcope for the munificence and boundlefs liberality of his heart, of which the Cathedral and Epifcopal Palace of Durham, afford ample tefiimony to this day. He was a man of very extenfive and found learning. His principal work, which is yet admired, is, “ A Schalq/lical Hi/lory of the Canons of the Holy Scripture .publifhed in 1657, 4to. He died univerfally lamented, on the 15th of January, 1671, aged 78. Dr. Is aac Barrow, the celebrated Mathematician, was originally a Member of this College; to which he was admitted on the 6th of July, 1629, a Penfioner, being then fourteen years of age, and having received his previous education at Chrifl’s Hofpital, in London. He was ejefited by the Com,- miffioners of the Parliament, on the 13th of January, 1644; and in February, 1645, was admitted a Fellow of Trinity College (where fee further mention of himjj. and on the 18th of Offober, 1650,- he was reftored as a Member of Peter Houfe. Bry ait ( 9 ) Bryan Walton, Bifhop of Chefter, 1660, 12 Car. II. Dr. Osbaldison, Bifhop of Carlifle. Edmund Law, Bifhop of Carlifle, 1769, Geo. III. Eminent Men.]—Roger. Marshall, the Mathematician. George Joy, Fellow. In the year 1527, being a warm advocate for the Reformation, and an intimate friend of Tindal, he was accufed of Herefy before the Bifhop of Lincoln, by A(hwell, Trea- furer to Cardinal Wolfey. This compelled him to refign his Fellowfhip; and anxious to avoid the impending danger, from the unremitting perfecutions of Wolfey, Sir Thomas More, and Fifher, he wifely withdrew to the Continent, where he fuperintendcd the publication of Tindal’s Tranflation of the Bible, and wrote many books. It is not exactly known at what period he returned to England; but we are told that he died and was buried in his native country, in the year 1533- He alfo tranflated different parts of the Old Tcftament, and is faid to have compofed many other books befides thofe which are printed: —the titles may be feen in Tanner *. Fynes Moryson, the celebrated Traveller. * Bale, ix. 60. Fuller’s Worthies, p. 117. Bifliop Tanner, Bibl. MSS. Sir ( 1 ° ) ■Sir Samuel Garth, the well-known author of the Difpenfary and other Poems, was admitted a Penfioner of this College, on the 27th of May, 1676, being then feventeen. Took his Degree of B.A. in 1679, of Mailer in 1684, and afterwards that of Docftor. Dr. Jebb was admitted a Sizar, June 15, 1709, at the age of fifteen; and took his fubfcquent Degrees from this College. \v^ ••■?,•• S'* lljljljfjfjf |l if; If Hi! CLARE ELAJLlh 2 %*W ■ 0 %m 'u/wssay ;*^w ; : .®s& mm ^rrrt&gi 3 ^. Ti&ftr-j, E]LIE t , h DE CLARE, CQUTH'TESS of Ul STER ( 11 ) Clare $all* Foundation.] — I HIS College dates its firft Foundation from a purchafe, made by Richard Badew, or Badow, of Great Badow, near Chelmsford, in EfTex, Chancellor of the Uni verity, in the.year 1236, 20th Edward III. upon which he erected a finall College, and placed therein a Principal and fome Scholars, who lived there at their own expence; or, as it has been aflerted, by an allowance from the University; and the Original name of the College, TJniverfity Hall , may be thought, in fome degree, to countenance the fuppofition; though that title might, with equal probability, be derived from the fituation of its Founder, as Chancellor. This eftablifhmcnt was, however, doomed to continue only fixteen years, when, by an accidental fire, the whole building was defiroyed. Dr. Badow being himfelf unable to defray the charges of rebuilding the College, yet equally anxious for the permanent eftablifiuncnt of his defign, upon this applied ( *2 ) applied to the Lady Elizabeth, third filter and co- heirefs of Gilbert, Earl of Clare, and wife of John de Burgh, Lord of Connaught, in Ireland, and mother of William de Burgh, laft Earl of Ul- fter; by whofe munificent bounty alone the College was not only entirely built, hut endowed, 35th Edward III. 134.7, with lands fufficient to maintain one Mailer, ten Fellows, and ten Scholars ; and from that time the College, out of refpedt to its liberal reftorer, has taken the name of Clare Hall*. In the Deed of Endowment, this liberal Lady Hates her motives to be, “ A defire for the extenfion of “ every branch of ufeful learning, that there might “ no longer remain an excufe for ignorance; and “ to create a firmer concord and clofer union “ among mankind, by the civilizing effects of in- “ dulgence in liberal fiudy.” Situation.] —The fituation of this College is, in many refpedts, to be preferred to any other in the * Clare Hall, according to Dr. Cains, and Fuller, was alfo called Solere Hall, which the former, with moft probability, tuppofes a corruption of Scholars Hall-, but, as the other thinks, comes from Solarium, a fair and light chamber. Chaucer alfo fays of Clare, And, namely, there was a great College*, Men depen it the Solere Hal! of Cambridge. Univer- ( *3 ) Univerfity, being on the eaftern banks of the river, over which it has an elegant hone bridge, leading to a fine vifta, beyond which is a beautiful lawn, furrounded with lofty elms and corn-fields. A more pleafing profpedt cannot be conceived in a level country, which occafions this delightful fpot to be. much reforted to in the Summer. Buildings, Gardens, Groves, the River, and a cultivated Country, to a great extent, all combine to afford rich- nefs and variety to the fcene. Buildings.] —The Buildings of this College are extremely noble; the front, towards the fields, being ornamented with pilaifters of the Tufcan and Ionic order, and the whole executed with Ketton ftone, which gives a very fine effect. It confifts of one grand court, or quadrangle, through which is feen the inimitable vifta, leading to the fields. Chapel. ]—The Chapel has been rebuilt from an elegant plan of Sir James Burroughs, and coll iooo/. The altar-piece, which is a beautiful alcove, is adorned with a fine picture of the Sauuta- tion, by Cipriani. Hall.] —The Hall is a very fine room, and the Combination Room the completed: of the kind in the Univerfity. In it are excellent Portraits of the Right Honourable Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exr B eter, ( I 4 ) eter, Archbifhop Tillotfon, and Bifhop More; with a fine whole length Portrait of the late Chancellor, Thomas Holies, Duke Sf Newcaflle, The Library of this College is alfo efteemed the handfomefl of the fize in the Univerfity, being neatly fhelved with Norway oak; and the Mailer’s Lodge is moll agreeably lituated. Benefactors.] —The principal Benefactors to this College were Dr. Barnabas Hey, who, on the rebuilding of the College in 1638, was unremitting in his applications to others, as well as liberally contributing himfelf. He was ProCtor in 1635, and then particularly dillinguifhed himfelf by his activity in collecting the Univerlity Plate, which he was entrufled to convey to the King (Charles I.) then at Nottingham; for which, and other a£ts of loyalty, he was deprived of his Fellowlhip. After the Relloration, Bifhop Gunning, to whom he had been tutor, collated him to the Archdeaconry of Ely, in 1679 ; but his extreme humility induced him foon to refign, thinking himfelf unqualified to difeharge the duties of his fituation. He was extremely learned, pious, and charitable, and died univerfally lamented. Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter, and his Lady, George Ruggle, Sir Robert Heath, Archbifhop Tillotson, Samuel Blyth, who gave to ( J 5 ) to the value of 6000/. in money and books; Dr. Leeds, Henchman, Bilhop of London, Gunning, Bilhop of Ely, Sir John Hewet, Sec. Sec, Bishops and eminent Men. Dr. Nicholas Heath, Archbilhop of York, 1542, 35th Henry VIII. Dr. Augustine Lvnsel, Bilhop of Hereford, 1633, 9 Car. I. Dr. Humphry Henchman, Bilhop of Sa- Jilbury, 1660; tranflated to London, 1663, 15 Car. II. During the reign of Charles the Firft, he arrived to no higher poll than a Chanterfhip, at Salifbury ; but the aiSlive exertions which he ufed to conceal, Charles the Second, and particularly the affiftance he gave in effecting this Prince’s efcape, after the battle of Worcefler, were not forgot at the Reiteration; when he was rewarded, among other Loy- alilts, with the See of Salifbury, on the death of Dr. Duppa; from whence he -was removed to the See of London, on the tranflation of Bilhop Sheldon to Canterbury, and was foon afterwards made Lord Almoner. The Declaration for Liberty of Confcience gave him great alarm; and he ftrongly enjoined the Clergy of his Diocefe to preach on all occa lions. again 11 Popery, in which, though it gave B 2 great ( ) great offence to the King, his example was foon followed by others. He was Editor of the Book, intitled, “ The Gentleman’s Calling ,” fuppofed to have been written by the Author of The Whole Duty of Man. See the Epiftle prefixed to the oftavo edition of that work. Dr. Peter Gunning, Mailer of St. John’s College, Bifhop of Chichefter, 1669, 22 Car II.; iranflated to Ely, 1674, 26 Car. II. . Dr. John Tillotson, Dean, and afterwards Archbifhop of Canterbury, 1691, 3d William and Mary. The merits and character of this eminent Prelate are too well known, to require any detailed mention here. In the reign of James the Second, he firft diftinguifhed himfelf by his Polemical Writings; and the eftablifhment of William on the Throne, did not relax his efforts againft the prc- grefs of Popery. It might, indeed, jufUy be called the Auguftine Age of Divinity; for never did greater men enter the lifts of controverfy, than at that period. Tillotfon, Stillingfieet, Patrick, Sherlock, and Wake, were more than fufficient for a whole army of Jefuits; but the political circum- ftances of the times compelled the King to refort to, if not fo ftire, yet a more expeditious method of oppofing the enemies of that religion he was called upon to defend. In the King’s Letter to the Archbifhop of Canterbury, which is known to have been ( «7 > been the compofition of Dr. Tillotfon, he ftrongly recommends the Clergy, in their Sermons, to confine themfelves to inculcating the. pra&ice of the ' moral duties of Chriftianity, and a good life, and to avoid meddling with dry controverfial difputa- - tions, which ■ might perplex, but could rarely en-- lighten or improve. Dr. John-Moor, Bifhop oh Norwich, 1691; tranflated to Ely, 1707, 6th Ann. Eminent Men.]—John Bo is, Dean of Canterbury. . This learned Divine firft rendered himfelf famous for his Pojiih, in defence of the Liturgy. He. alfo gained high reputation by his Sermons, and the exemplary goodnefs of his life procured him univerfal efteem. - Qn the 5th of November, 1619, he preached a Sermon , at Paul’s Crofs, on the 21ft Pfalm; when he rendered himfelf very popular, by turning the Lord’s Prayer into the following execration:: “■ Our Pope which art.in Rome, eurfed be thy “ name, perifh may thy kingdom; hindered may “■ thy will be, as, it is in Heaven, fo in earth; Give “ us this day our cup in the Lord’s Supper, and re- “ mit our monies which we have given for thy In- “ dulgencies, as we fend them back unto thee; and i “ lead us not into Herefy, but free us from mifery; - “ f°r thine is the infernal pitch and fulphur, for. ever and ever, Amen.” B 2 II© ( i8 > He died in September, 1625- Dr. Green, Dr. Morgan, Dr. Laughton, &c. George Ruggle, Fellow, and Author of the once celebrated Latin Comedy of Ignoramus. About the beginning of the year 1611, the Uni- verfity of Cambridge became engaged in a conteft with the Mayor and Corporation of the Town, on the queftion which of the two, the Vice-Chancellor of the Univerfity, or Mayor of the Town, were intitled to precedence of each other. The incident which gave rife to this conteft, was at length terminated in 16x2, by the decifton of the Privy-Council, in favour of the Vice-Chancellor. In the conduit of the difpute on behalf of the Mayor and Corporation, one Brakyn, a common lawyer, then Recorder of Cambridge, had (hewn himfelf very aitive; and might probably, if he did not fet it on foot,- at leaft contribute to keep it alive. This firft fuggefted to Mr. Ruggle the thought, aild induced him to form the refolution of expofmg it to ridicule, in a reprefentation before King James j Who had long been, and ftill was, expeited to pay ' a y;fit to Cambridge, and to whofeprejudices againft Lawyers, fuch a fubjeit was peculiarly fuited. As it was the intention of Mr. Ruggle to ridicule the pedantry of the common law forms, and the cant and barbarous phrafeology of Lawyers in their common difeourfe, it was ucceffary that he (hould make himfelf. ( I 9 ) himfelf acquainted with that dialed!, in which al- molt the heft among them were wont to write and even to converfe; a jargon which could not but be offenhve to a claffical ear. He, therefore, took more than ordinary pains to become acquainted with the technical terms of the profeffion, and to mark the abufe of them. Of all the information which he was by reading, and converfation with Lawyers, able to acquire, he has, with admirable dexterity, availed himfelf in the character of Ignoramus, who not only tranfadts bufmefs in Law Latin, but “ woos in language of the Pleas and Benchand where words for this purpofe fail him, as they ne- celfarily mull, he fupplies the deficiency by converting common Englifh words into Latin, by altering their terminations. This Comedy was twice added before King James at Cambridge, by Members of the Univerfity. Nothing better could have been conceived for flattering his ruling vanity and ambition, to be thought the Patron of Literature. He is even faid to have laughed heartily at it, which was a very unufual mark of approbation from him. It was received as a very favourable teftimony of the loyalty of the Univerfity, -■■mi •.-^Trfii, •■IrXri '.-^•TV PJEMBISOJEJE JlAJLX, 7s &Ty£^BarcU /t 4' Mart C oxjntess of Pembroke ( 21 ) j&emfcrofte College, Period.]— -ThIS College was founded in the 18th year of Edward the Third, Anno i343> by Mary de St. Paul (daughter of Guido de Cha- ftillon, Earl of St. Paul, in France, by Mary, daughter of John, Earl of Richmond, and Beatrice, daughter of Edward III. King of England), Baronefs of Voiffer and Mountenai, and wife of Andomare, or Aymer de Valencia, Earl of Pembroke, a charadter highly diftinguifihed in the turbulent reigns of Edward I. and II. His name was celebrated in the tournaments and battles of the age, and he figured in every important political tranfac- tion. He * was one of the Peers who pronounced fentence of death againft the Earl of Lancaftc-r, at Pontefradl:, to which circumflance his premature death has been attributed; for having, fhortly after die Earl of Lancafler’s fentence (offeveral of whofe * See in the Cotton Library a Mamifcript, intitled, “ Ja- “ cobi Nicholai de Dacia Scholaris Pembrocke Coll. Poe- “ rna in honorem Audomare de Valence.”—Script. An. 1365. m anors ( »» ) manors he had procured a grant), attended Queen Ifabel into France, 1323, 17th Edward II. he was killed in a tilting match, or as fome fay murther- ed *, on the 23d of June, in the fame year, being the day of his marriage with his third wife, Mary de St. Paul; of whom Fuller fays, that fhe was a maid, wife , and widow, all in a day. Upon her hufband’s death fhe devoted herfelf to acts of piety, in which her ample dower, confiding of no lefs than twenty-two manors, with other property, afforded ample room to indulge^ Her cup is dill pre- ferved, and only brought out on very high days. It has this lingular infcription 1 Sair.t Dionyfe is my dear, Wherefore be merry and make good cheer. Benefactors.] —The fubfequent Benefactors to this College were, King Henry VI. who gave the ReCtory and Manor of Soham, with many other, eftates, which occafioned its being called that King’s adopted Daughter, as King’s College was, his Natural Son. Laurence Booth, Archbilhop of York,, and Lord Chancellor of England, Dr. Shorton, Sir Phieip Booth, Grindall, Archbilhop of Canterbury, Andrews and Langton,. Billiops of Winchefter, the latter of whom pre- • Dugdale, Baron. 677.—Lelaird Coll. Vol. I. 68*. fented ( z 3 .) fented a valuable piece of plate, with this infcrip- tion Qm allenaret, Anathema fit. Wren, Bilhop of Ely, who built the Chapel, endowed it with the Manor of Hardwick, in Cara- bridgelhire, to keep it in repair. Description-] —This College confifts of two Courts. The Hall, which divides them, is a hand- fome room, at the end of which is the Combination Room. Chapel.]— -The Chapel was built from a defign of the celebrated Sir Chriftopher Wren’s, by his brother Matthew Wren, Bilhop of Ely, and is one of the mold elegant and bell proportioned in the Univerlity, being about fifty-four feet long, twenty- four broad, and upwards of thirty high. Library.] —The Library takes up almoft all the north fide of the firft court, is a handfome room, and well furnifhed with ufeful books. Dr. Long’s Orrery.] —The Rev. Dr. Long, late Mafter of this College, Dr. Lowndes’s, Pro- feffor of Aftronomy, eonftrudted a fphere (the largefi of his time], which he gave to the College, and ( 24 ) and erected a building in the back court to contain it, at his own expence, and left a fum of money to keep it in repair. It is eighteen feet in diameter. Garden.] —The Garden is large, well laid out, full of fruit, and has a good bowling-green. The north wall which is very long, and reflefts the warm rays of the fouth Sun, makes the walk, which runs parallel to it, one of the belt in Winter; but it is private. Appearance.] —There is fomething altogether very venerable and pleafing in the appearance of this College, which made Queen Elizabeth, when fhe puffed through Cambridge, falute it with thefc words:—*“ 0 domus antiqua et religiofa!” The number of Members is about 188, and ten Livings are in the Gift of the College. Bishops and eminent Men. i Bishops.]—William de Bottlesham, &- fhop of Rochelter, 1389, 13th Richard II. William Sinwood, Bilhop of St. David’s, 1424, 20th Henry VI. John Sancton, Bilhop of St. David’s, 1447, 25th Henry VI. Law- ( 25 ) Lawrence Booth, Archbifhop of York, 1476, 16th Edward IV. When Edward IV. annulled the adds of his predeceffor, Henry VI. this Prelate had fufficient influence with that King, to get the donation made to this Hall confirmed. Thomas Rotherham, Archbifhop of York, 1480, 20th Edward IV. Thomas Langton, Bifliop of Winchefter, 1493, 28th Henry VII. William Smith, Bifliop of Lincoln, 1495, 11th Henry VII. Roger Layburn, Bifliop of Carlifle, 1503, 19th Henry VII. Richard Fox, 1500, 16th Henry VII. fuccef- fively Bifliop of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchefter. He was at the head of public affairs during the early part of Henry the Eighth’s reign ; and was fo highly in the confidence of that capricious Monarch, as to be employed by him in his mod important negociations abroad. But in the year 1515, he retired entirely from Court, difgufted with the overbearing infolence of Wolfey, whom he had contributed to raife to the giddy height of his ambition. Henry VIII. in his la ft illnefs, appointed him one of his executors.— Towards the latter part of his life he became entirely blind, and died on the 14th of September, 1528. Nicholas Ridley, Bifliop of London, and a C Martyr. ( *6 1 Martyr. After taking his Degrees and Orders at this College, he was fent by his uncle, for further improvement, to the Sorbonne, at Paris. On. his return, in the year 1529, he was chofen under Treafurer of the Univerlity; and afterwards Chaplain, Orator, and Magijler Glomeria. At this time he was much admired as a Preacher and Difputant. In 1536, Archbifhop Cranmer prefented him to the Living of Herne, in Eaft Kent, where, we arc told, he preached the dodtrine of the Reformation. At what precile time he began to change his opinions, is not determined. In the early part of his life he was a zealous Papift, and probably continued fo, at leaft in appearance, till the death of his uncle. His being patronifed by Cranmer, proves that he muft, at that time, have favoured the Reformation; but though Fuller, in his Alel Redivivus, calls him another Saul, yet his converfton was not quite fo in- ftantaneous; for he maintained the dodhine of Tranfubftantiation till the year 1545. A complete revolution in his opinions, however, muft have been effedted; for in his Deputation with the Roman Catholic Divines, on the fubject of the Real Prefence, he forced them to acknowledge that, according to their dodtrine, Chrift, in his Laft Supper, mujl have held himfelf in his hand , and after- svards eaten himfelf. After feveral intermediate preferments, lie was,.in the year 1547, made Bilhop of ( 2 7 ) cf Rochcfter, and, in 1550, tranflated to London ; in which year he was one of the Commiffioners for examining Bifhop Gardiner, and concurred in his deprivation. A vifit which he paid, on returning from Cambridge, in the year 1552, to the Princef-f, afterwards Queen Mary, to whom, prompted by his zeal for the Reformation, he is faid to have ex- preffed himfelf with too much freedom, has been aflertcd to have doomed him the vidlim of her revenge ; but a Sermon, which he preached, to convince the people of Lady Jane Gray’s title to 'the Crown, is much more likely to have funk deep in the gloomy mind of the bigoted Mary. With Crau* mer and Latimer he was burnt alive, at Oxford, on the 16th of Odlober, 1554. Richard Cheney, Bilhop of Briftol, 1562, 4th Elizabeth. Edmund Grindall. This mild* learned, and pious Reformer of our Church, lhared, with many others, the inconveniences of an exile in Germany, during the reign of Queen Mary! to avoid treatment, which one cannot reflet upon without horror and deteflation. It is impoffible, at the fam time, not to blame thofe of folly and madnefs, who, by remaining, fuffered themfelves rather to be burnt alive than fly their country for a time, as their martyrdom was of no rife to the caufe, and they knew that Queen Mary’s fucceffor was a Proteftant.— During his abode in Germany, he diligently col- C 2 ledted * ( 28 ) le&ed materials for a Martyrology ; and greatly af- llfted John Fox in compiling his laborious work. Upon the acceffion of Elizabeth he returned to England, and was appointed one of the public Dif- putants againft Popery. In 1576, 19th Elizabeth, fee was made Archbifhop of Canterbury. He had not fat long in the Archiepifcopal Chair, before he was fufpended, for not fuppreffing the public theological exercifes, called Propbef/tngs *, which his ccn- * Lord Bacon aftes, in his Enquiry touching the Pacification of the Church, “ Whether it were not requilite to renew “ that good exercife which was praftifed in this Church fome “ years, and afterwards put down againft the advice and “ opinion of one of the greatcft and graveft Prelates J of the " land, which was commonly called Prophefying, and was “ this: The Minifters within a diitrift did meet upon a “ week-day, in fome principal town, where there was fome “ grave ancient Minifter, that was Prefident, and an audi- “ tory admitted of Gentlemen, or other perfons of leifure. “ Then every Miriifter fucceffively, beginning with the " youngeft, did handle one and the fame part of Scripture, “ fpending feverally fome quarter of an hour or better, and “ in the whole fome two hours ; and fo the exercife being “ begun and concluded with prayer, and the Prefident giving “ a text for the next meeting, the afiembly was diffolved; “ and this was, as I take it, a fortnight’s exercife, which, “ in my opinion, was the beft way to frame and train up “ Preachers to handle the Word of God, as it ought to be t Arcbhifiiop Grindall. “ handled, ( 2 9 ) eonfcicnce told him fhould have been encouraged and fupported. It is reported that he firft brought the Tamarifco into England. He died July 6, 1583, aged fixty-three. John Young, Bifhop of Rochefler, 1577, 20th Elizabeth. Thomas Dove, Bifhop of Peterborough, 1600, 43d Elizabeth. John Bridges, Bifhop of Oxford, 1603, ift James I. Lancelot Andrews, Bifhop of Ely and Win- chtfter, 1609, 7th Jac. I. Thefc lines are prefixed to his “ Devotions.” If ever any merited to be, The univerfal Bifhop, this was he ; . Great Andrews, who the whole vaft fea did drain Of learning, and diftilled it in his brain : Thefe pious drops * are of the pureft kind, Which trickled from the limbeck of his mind. • This Prelate was highly diftinguiflied'for his piety “ handled, that hath been praftifed. For we fee orators “ have their declamations, lawyers have their moots, logT gicians their fophifms, and every praftice of fcience hath “ an exercife of erudition and initiation, before men come to “ the life; only preaching, which is the worthieft, ar.d “ wherein it is moil dangerous to do amifs, wanteth an in- 41 troduclicn, and is ventured and rallied upon at the firft. * Alluding to his Devotions, c 3 and ( 3 ° ) and learning, and may be ranked with the heft preachers and completed: fcholars of his age. No fpecies of compofition, except poetry, has been more improved fince the reign of James the Firft, than fermons; and he confequently appeared to much greater advantage in the pulpit, than he does now in his woiks, which abound with pedantic quotations and trivial witticifms. He was a man of polite manners and lively converfation; could quote the Greek and Latin authors with facility, and pun with King James. Charles the Firfl, a little before his death, particularly recommended this Prelate’s Sermons to the perufal of his children. Andrews is fuppofed to have had a confiderable fhare in the Book of Chronology, publifhed by the famous Ifaacfon, who was his amanuenfis. Pie died September 21, 1620, aged 71. Nicholas Felton, Bifhop of Ely, 1618, 16th James f. Archbilhop Harsenet ; Bifhops, Coop, of Brif- tol; Field, of Hereford; Wren, of Ely ; Brown- inc, of Exeter; Laney, of Ely; and Hall, of Briftol: Robert Thorpe, Mailer, Lord-Chief-. Jufiice of the Common-Pleas, and afterwards Lord Chancellor, in the reign of Edward III; and William Lindw'ood, Bifhop of St. David’s, author of the Provinciale, were alfo of this College. John Bradford. At an early period of life, being • ( o 1 ) being a remarkable penman and accomptant, he became Secretary to Sir John Harrington; who was feveral times employed by Henry VIII. and Edward VI. as paymafter to the troops abroad. Brad- . ford, at this time a gay and diffolute man, to fnp- port his extravagance, at different times appropriated the King’s money to the ftipply of his own wants; but refle&ion on his guilt took fuch polTeffion of his mind, that he determined to repay the money, which he actually did. Having quitted this employment, he next for fome time fiudied the law in the Inner Temple; but, finding an inclination to preach the Gofpel, he removed to Cambridge, where, by bis uncommon affiduity, he was, in a fhoner time than ufual, admitted to the degree of Mailer of Arts, and made a Fellow of Pembroke Hall. Bi- fltop Ridley was fo charmed with his application and zeal, that he fent for, ordained, and appointed him his Chaplain. In 1553, he was made Chaplain to Edward VI. and became one of the moft popular preachers in that reign. The principles of Mary could not permit her to tolerate fo dangerous a Reformer; and Bradford’s perfections commenced ’ere Ihe was fcarce feated on the throne. After being confined in the Tower and other prifons, he w as at laft brought to his trial, before the Couit of Inquifition; in which it is enough to fay, .that Gardiner fat as Chief Judge. He defended his piinciples to the la ft, in contempt of ( 3 2 ) of their power. They condemned him to the flames, and he was accordingly burnt alive in Smith- field, on the ill of July, 1555, which he preferred to admitting the word 'Trmfubjiantiation , becaufe it was abfurd; and yet the fame man wrote a book in defence of Predejiination. He was the author of feveral works. Henny Isaacson, the Chronologer. John Rogers. Of all the various Martyrs, and our hiftory at this period furnifhes us with too numerous and lamentable a catalogue, no one de- fsrves a warmer tribute of admiration and regret than this excellent man, who was indefatigable in his minifterial labours, and a mod: exemplary character in every relation of life. No one could have had more tender, yet ftrong attachments to the world, having a beloved wife and ten children. The approach of death did not difturb his ufual ferenity, and he was waked out of a found fleep when the officers came to carry him to. the flake—“ Indifferent in his choice to Jleep or die*.” I11 the reign of Henry VIII. he tranflated the whole Bible, which he publifhed under the fictitious name of Thomas Matthew. He fuffered martyrdom on the 4th of February, 1555. ■Dr. Fulke, Mailer. He gained great reputation by his writings againft Cardinal Alan, at * Cato, whole C 33 ) whofe inftigation, it is well known, Philip II. firft planned the invafion of this country with the Armada. Healfo wrote “ The Confutation of Holkins, Sanders, and Raftell, three Pillars of Popery,” pub- lilhed in 1559. In 1589, he publilhed the text of the Engliih and Rhemifli Teftaments together, in folio, in order to expofe the miftranflations and errors of the latter. He was for a confiderable time a warm advocate for the principles of the Noncon- formifts, as were feveral other celebrated Divines, who, in procefs of time, got the better of their prejudices, and made a near approach to the do&rines of the eftablifhed Church. Edmund Spencer, the Poet. An attempt to pourtray the interejiing features alone, of the varied life of this illuftrious man, would much exceed the bounds to which thefe Iketches are neceffarily confined. We can, indeed, with the generous feeling of Camden, exclaim— “ Anglica, te vivo, vixit plaufitquc poefis, “ Nunc moritura, timet, te moriente, mori!” The celebrated author of “ The Fairy Queen,” may be fairly flyled the Father the Englifh Heroic Poetry, and of true Paftoral Poetry, in England. Invention may be juftly conceded to him, and be excelled all his cotemporaries in harmonious verfification. He, however, polfeiTes one peculiar advantage; ( 34 ) advantage ; the ftanza and the old words, hardly un~~ derftood by modern readers, give an air of venerable authority, which commands, though it has now failed to interelT:; and all the attempted imitations of him fo entirely referable the original, that they lofe both his variety and fimplicity. Like other juvenile Poets, Spencer had his Rofalind, who, after flattering his paffion for a time, at length preferred a happier rival, who is fatirized by the name of Menalcas, in his fixth Eclogue. RofalincPs real name is not known. Though we may fympathife in the difappointment of the Poet, we mull: not forget that we are indebted to the lady for thofe Poems, in which he bewails his misfortune with fo much elegance and pafloral fimplicity. The difappointments and mifery of this great Poet, cannot be read without a pang of regret; and the fcholar and man of tafle will execrate the name of Burleigh, whofe ill-judged parfimony prevented Queen Elizabeth giving him ioo/. as if he thought the lowed: clerk in his office a more deferving per- fon. It was very hard, obferves one of his biographers, that a genius who did honour to his country, fhould get lefs by writing than a journeyman mechanic, employed in printing his works. The Fairy Queen was chiefly written during his refldence at the Caftle of Kilcolman, in the county of Cork, which had been the property of the famous Earl of Dcfmond. He died in want of bread, 1599, and was ( 35 ) was* buried in Wefhnmfter Abbey, according to his requefd, near Chaucer*. Thomas Stanley. This polite fcholar and acconipli/hed gentleman, was equally eminent as a Poet and Hiftorian. His original poems are chiefly amorous. His tranflations, which are more numerous, are from Theocritus, Anacreon, Bion, and Secundus, and diftinguifhed for elegance. His ver- fion and commentary on feven tragedies of ^Elchy- lus, form both a laborious and valuable work. Mr, Stanley’s greateft and mold generally known pro- Auction, however, is his “ Hiftory of Phihfophyf* which has very great merit. He died the 12th of April, 1678. The late Prime Minifter, William Pitt, was educated at this College. * In the Common Place-Book of Edward, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer*—Manufcript in the Brit. Muf. is the following memorandum;—“ Lord Carteret told me, that when he was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, a man, of the name of “ Spencer, immediately defcended from our iliuftrious Poet, t! came to he examined before the Lord-Chief-Juftice, as a witnefs in a caufe, and that he was fo entirely ignorant of “ the Englifh language, that they were forced to have an in- “ tcrpreter for him.” Coupes Cmbisti or jbeketT College ooo “•v V Ry HEI^HYJDlTKE of JLAKCASTER j*ub June? 7807 by £du-MarSnio J8FiillMaZl ( 37 ) Corpus Cfjriffl, or OiJine’t College* Period and- Founders, Thi S College owes its origin in the year 1350, to a union between two Guilds, or Religious Societies, in the town of Cambridge, called Corpus Chrijii and The Blejfed Virgin Mary ; which, in order to obtain a licence from King Edward III. to convert their houfes into a College, claimed and obtained the protection and munificent liberality of the celebrated Henry of Monmouth, firft Duke of Lancafter, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicefter, Steward of England, and Lord of Bragerat and Beaufort, who has thus been generally confidered as the Founder of the College. The Duke, whofe princely expenditure was the theme and admiration of every tongue, was defeended from a younger fon of Henry III.; and, in the courfe of his indefatigable life, highly diftingulfhed himfelf as a foldier and a flatefman. He accompanied Edw'ard III, to whom he was a kind of guardian, in all his expeditions, and acquitted himfelf with the highefl: repu- D tation ( 38 } tation in feveral treaties and embaflies. His retinue was by far the moft fplendid of any nobleman of his period, never having lefs than 800 men at arms, and 2000 archers. His daily expenditure is calculated at 100/. a day, an immenfe fum at that time ; and he /pent 17,000/. fterling in the French wars, befides his pay. In the 25th of Edward III. he was advanced, by the King’s fpecial charter, and by the general confent of all the Prelates and Peers then fitting in Parliament at Wefiminfter, to the dignity of Duke of Lancafter, with which he was inverted by the cin&ure of the fword, for his prudent eon- dudl and renowned exploits in the wars; in one of which, being about to retire with his army into winter-quarters from the feverity of the weather, the King of France fent a meffage, to fay he would give him battle, to which the Duke had before invited the King in vain; when the Duke immediately returned this fcornful anfwer:—“ That he would “ caufe a lantern to be carried behind him, that “ the King of France might know which route he meant to purfue.” He challenged the Duke of Brunfwick, who had offended him, to a perfonal combat, in the prefence of the King and whole Court of France, who, when every thing was prepared, was fo terrified by his appearance and daunt- lefs air, that he refufed to fight him, and threw him- felf at the difpofal of the French King, who, with great difficulty, effected a reconciliation ; and pre- fented ( 39 ) fented our hero, as an efpecial mark of his favour, with one of the thorns from the crown of our Saviour, which precious relic lie depofited in the church of St. Mary’s, at Leicefter, of which he was the Founder. A lift of his hair-breadth ef- capes and daring exploits, may be found in Dug- ale’s Baronage. He built and redded at the Palace of the SavoVj in London, and died of the plague, at Leicefter, in the year 1360, where he is buried. Other particular Benefaftors to this College were Sir John Cambridge, Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Brotherton, Duke of Norfolk, fon of Edward I. Eleanor Botelar, her lifter; Arch- bilhop Parker, who gave the living of St. Mary Abchurch, London, a handfome fet of gilt plate, with many printed books, among which is one, in- titled, Rhetorica Nova, impreffa Cant. 1478, fhew- ing the antiquity of printing in Cambridge; a mod valuable collection of MSS. in Church Hiftory and Divinity, well known to the learned world, and of which Dr. Stanley, when Mafter, publifhed a very accurate catalogue; and the Rev. Mr. Nafmith a ftill more correft one. Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord-Keeper of the Great Seal, who was a Student of this College; Archbiftiop Sterne; Dr. John Spencer, author of De Legibus Hebrteorum; and Archbiftiops Tennison and Herring, with many others. D a Descrip- Description.] —This College confifts principally of one fquare Court, the Mailer’s Lodge, and the Hall, forming the fonth-hde; and the apartments of the Fellows and Students, and the Combination Room, the weft, north, and eall. Chapel.] —The Chapel is a neat apartment, well fitted up; it has an elegant altar-piece, of carved wainfeot, fupported by two large pillars; in the middle a pannel of crimfon velvet, in a gilt frame, the gift of Sir Jacob Allley. Over the door of the Anti-Chapel, which was built by Sir Nicholas Bacon, is an infeription in letters of gold. Library.]— The Library (which is celebrated for its MSS.), is over the Chapel; and the books are kept.with fuch care *, that even a Fellow of the College * The Univerfity of Canbridge have, of late years, become unufually Uriel, in enforcing the laws relative to the ufe of books in the public Library. The reftriftions upon the ufe of the Library of this College, may remind us of the waggery of a Clergyman at the Reformation ; who preaching againft the Romilh Church for denying the people the free ufe of the Scriptures, exclaimed, “ See here (opening the book) “ a divine book, able to make you wife unto falvationj “ but,” continued he (clafping the book fall and holding it up in his hand), “you are allowed only to admire it; you “ muft not read it.”—The only principle upon which this firiftnefs can be vindicated, is the ridiculous one upon which Bentley, C 41 ) College is not admitted to enter it, without having a Fellow or Scholar of the College with him during his flay there, according to the will of the Donor. Hall.]— The Hall is a large room, having two beautiful bow windows, finely ornamented with painted glafs, which was taken from the Chapel, being the arms of many of the Matters and Benc- fadlors. Arms.] —At the Reformation, the Arms of this College were altered by Dr. Parker, then Matter, and afterwards Archbifhop of Canterbury. The new ones fubftituted were a pelican feeding its young, and three lilies argent; upon which a Poet wrote— Signat avis Ckriftum, qui fanguine pafcit alumnos, Lilia, tiirgo parens intemerata refert. Lodge.] —The Matter’s Lodge is not very fpa- cious, yet has many good apartments; efpecially the long gallery, which contains many excellent Portraits of Bittiops and eminent Men, formerly Members of the College. Bentley, when King’s Librarian, refuted the ufe of a manu* fcript to Mr. Boyle, “ A manufcript is of no further fervice i* when you have fqueezed out the juice,” Kynne, ( 4 * 7 Kynne, Prefident of this College in 1379, pur- chafed a large Bible at Northampton, while the Parliament was held there, which/he prefented to the College, to be read in the Hall at dinner-time. This feems to have been the origin of Bible Clerk. This College being very ancient, it is intended to rebuild it (1000/. having been left by Archbifhop Herring for that purpofe; and a much larger legacy by Dr. Mathias Mawfon, Matter of the College, and Dean of Ely), on an elegant plan. Among their plate, is a moft curious antique horn, figured and defcribed by the late ingenious Rev. Michael Tyfon, B.D. F. S. A. then Fellow of this College. Bishops and eminent Men. Thomas Gotherick, or Goodrich:, Bifhop of Ely, 1534, 25th Henry VIII. Matthew Parker, fecond Proteftant Arch- bilhpp of Canterbury. This Prelate was entered of this College, 1521, and in 1527, was ordained, created Matter of Arts, and chofen Fellow. He was Chaplain to Queen Anne Boleyn, and, after her death, to Henry himfelf. In 1544, waS made Matter of this College by the command of the King; to which, on the diffolution of the College of Stoke Clare, in Suffolk (of which he had been ( 43 ) been fome years Dean), he presented all the moft valuable books, belonging to that Library, he could poflibly fecure. In 1547, a ^ tcr a courtlhip of feven years, he married the daughter of Robert Harle- flone, a Norfolk gentleman, a woman of fuch engaging manners, that Bilhop Ridley was fo pleafed with her behaviour, that he once alked her, whether {he had a lifter like herfelf ? In the reign of Edward VI. he was nominated to the Deanery of Lincoln ; but hardly had Mary been feated on the throne, when he was deprived of every thing he held in the Church, and obliged to live in obfcu- rity ; frequently changing the place o*f his abode, to avoid the fate of the other Reformers. Dr. Parker was fo little afFedted with this reverfe of fortune, that he feems even to have rejoiced in his fituation, of which he gives this account:— “ Poftea privatus, vixi nec pudefadtus nec dejec- “ tus; ut dulciffimum otium literarium, ad quod “ Dei bona providentia me revocavit, multo ma- “ jores et folidiores voluptates mihi peperit, quara “ negotiofum illud et periculofum vivendi genu* “ unquam placuit.” Oi ! een Elizabeth’s accellion to the throne in 15 at once raifed Dr. Parker from indigence and ■obfcurity, to the See of Canterbury; an honour which he neither folicitcd nor defired. In this high ftation he acted with fpirit and propriety. He made large colledtions of MSS. and printed books, which had { 44 ) had belonged to Abbles, Colleges, and Cathedral Churches, before the Reformation. They relate chiefly to the Hiftory of England, and were giveft by him to the Library of this College. He loved and patronized the Arts, and employed a Painter and two Engravers in his Palace at Lambeth, which he beautified at a vaft expence. He publifhed the Bilhop’s Bible, and alfo the beft of our old Englifli Hiftorians; Matthew of Weflminfter, Matthew Paris, Affer’s Life of King Alfred, and Thomas Walfmgham. Fuller claffes his benefits to this College, when he was Maffer, under' three very expreffive heads— given , faved, and recovered. This worthy Prelate died in the year 1575, aged 72, and was buried in his own Chapel at Lambeth. He was pious without affedtation, though ftridt in requiring conformity to the national religion; cheerful and contented in the midft of adverlity; moderate in the height of power, and beneficent beyond example. The (dory of his being coniecrated at the Nag’s Head, is abundantly refuted. Richard Fletcher, Bifhop of London, 1594, 37th Elizabeth; brother of the famous traveller, Giles Fletcher, who was Embaflador to the Court of Mulcovy, and father to the well-known Poet of that name, who wrote in conjunction with Beaumont. John Boyle, Bifhop of Cork, 1618 Richard Boyle, Archbifhop of Tuam, 1638. John ( 45 ) John Jegon, Bifhop of Norwich, 1602, 45th Elizabeth. Richard Sterne, Archbifhop of York, 1664, 16th Car. II. After taking orders, Mr. Sterne was appointed Chaplain to Archbifhop Laud; and was particularly aftive in conveying away the College plate for the fervice of the King, which fo highly offended Cromwell, that he caufed him to be feized and conveyed to London, where he was fent on board a fhip laying at Wapping, put under the hatches, and treated with the greateft inhumanity. He, however, obtained permiffion to attend and perform the lafl offices for his friend on the fcaffold. After living in great obfcurity until the Reftoration, he was made Bifhop of Carlifle, and afterwards tranflated to York, This Prelate was a man of great worth and eminent abilities. He compiled a Syflein of Logic, and wrote a Commentary upon the 103d Pfalm. He read the Bible with fo much attention, that he enumerated no fewer than 3600 rrors in the tranflation. The Whole Duty of Man has been generally * attributed to him ; but it is now pretty well alcertained not to be his f. By * Granger, Biog. Diet. 4 This is, however, pretty decifively refuted by a paper among. Dr. Birch’s Manufcripts, in the Brilifti .Mujejuna, which, as it removes all further doubts, I have tranferibed. « ( 46 ) By his will, he left 1850/. to the rebuilding of St, Paul’s, and died on the 18th of June, 1683, aged eighty-feven- Thomas Tennison, Archbifhop of Canterbury, 1694, 6th William III. This learned Prelate was bom at Cottenham, Cambridgfhire, in the year 1636. In his youth, “ OSlober 13, 1698. “ Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worktop, in Notting- *' hamfhire, in the prefence of William Thornton, Efq. and ** his Lady, Mrs, Heathcote, Mrs. Athe, Mrs. Caulton, “ and John Hewit, Rector of Harthill, declared the words '* following : “ November j, 1689. “ At Shire Oaks, Mrs. Eye took me np into her cham- “ ber after dinner, and told me that her daughter Moyfer, “ of Beverly, was dead. Among other things concerning “ the private affairs of the family, the told me who was the “ Author of ‘The Whole Duty of Man ;” at the fame time “ pulling out of a private drawer a Manufcript tied toge- “ ther, and ditched in oftavo, which, the declared, was the “ original copy written by Lady Packington, her mother, ,f who difowned ever having written the other books imputed “ to be by the fame author, excepting The Decay of Chrif- “ tian Piety. She added, too, that it had been perufed ia “ Manufcript by Dr. Covel, Mafter of Trinity College, “ Cambridge; Dr. Stamford, Prebendary of York; and “ Mr. Banks, Reftor of the Great Church, at Hull.” Mr. Caulton declared this upon his death-bed, two days before hU deceafe. W. T. J. H. while ( 47 ) •while the fanatical principles of Government afforded few hopes of fuccefs to a man of liberal principles and rational mind, he applied himfelf very af- fiduoufly to the ftudy of Phyfic, which afterwards proved of eminent fervice to the community; for during the plague in 1665, at which time he had taken orders, and was Minifler of St. Andrews, Cambridge, he attended the lick with unremitting anxiety and fmgular fuccefs. In 1680, he was pre- fented to the living of St. Martin’s in the Fields, where he built and endowed a Free School and Library, which he furnifhed with the moft ufeful books. In 1689, he was prefented by King William to the Archdeaconry of London; and, in 1691, was made Bifhop of Lincoln ; from whence he was tranflated, on the death of Archbifhop Tillotfon, in 1694, to Canterbury. This Prelate was eminently diftinguifhed during the reigns of Charles and James, for his ftrenuous exertions, both by his writings and condudl, againft the progrefs of Popery and Infidelity. To a determined line of condudh, he united great candour and moderation; and after filling the Metropolitan Chair for twenty years with undiminifhed reputation and refpedt, he died in the year 1715, univerfally lamented. Samuel Bradford, Bifhop of Rochefter, 1723, 9th Geo. I.- Ihomas Green, Bifhop of Ely, 1723, 10th Geo. I. Edward ( 48 ) Edward Tennison, Bifliop of Offory, is Ireland. Elias Sydal, Bifliop of Gloucefter, 1731, 5th Geo. II. Mathias Mawson, Bifliop of Chichefter, 1740, 13th Geo. II. Tranflated to Ely, 1754, 27th Geo. II. Thomas Herring, Archbifliop of York and Canterbury. ' This diftinguiflied ornament of the Church, was born in the year 1693; and after being a Tutor , and Fellow feven years at this College, entered into Prieft’s Orders in 1719. Befldes being Chaplain to Bifliop Fleetwood, and Preacher to the learned Society of Lincoln’s-Inn, he held feveral other Livings, at different times, until the year iy 37 » when he was elevated to the See of Bangor; and, in 1743, to the Archbifliopric of York. Oil the death of Dr. Potter, he was tranflated to Canterbury. I11 the year 1753, he was unfortunately feized with a violent fever, which brought him to the brink of the grave; and after languifhing for four years, he died on the 13th of March, 1757. This learned Prelate poffeffed every virtue in public and private life: his mind was filled with unaffected piety and benevolence, and the examples of his charity w r ere numerous and well directed. He was an excellent Preacher, and a true friend to religious and civil liberty. He expended no lefs a fmn than 6000/. ( 49 ) 6ooo/. in adorning the Palaces of Lambeth and Croydon. A volume of Sermons has been pub- liihed fince his death. William Ashburnham, Bifhop of Chichef- ter, 1754, 27th Geo. II. John Green, Bilhop of Lincoln, 1762, 2d Geo. IU. The Vifitors of this College are the Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor, with two fenior Doctors of Divinity in the Univerfity. E v > 1 'St , ' ; ¥ £mr\y& 'r^-v Tv*»v,t*; ^Y V*V' trinity Hall J$MMW ! ;iw wjSSm! k4S'tv*I : % SSSS*5 ••: ,! Situation.] —This College is fituated on the banks of the rivcr> between Trinity College and Clare Hall, and is one of the neateft in Cambridge, having been faced with flone both within and without. Description.] —The Chapel is fmall but very neat. The altar-piece contains the Prefentation in the Temple. The Hall is a very handfome room, with gallery for malic at the north end; and is ornamented with the Portrait of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, a confiderable Benefactor. The Library is neatly fitted up, containing, amongft a fine collection of choice and valuable books, an entire Study of Civil and Common Law. The Garden affords a very pleafing profpeCt, the terrace lying on the banks of the river. This College will be greatly enlarged by the addition of two wings, extending from the prefent buildings to the river, fo as to leave the view open into the country—-Dr. John Andrews, late Fellow of this College, Mafler of the Faculties, and Chancellor of London, having, in 1747, bequeathed a legacy ( 53 ) legacy of 20,000/. for that purpofe, payable on the death of two fillers. The pious Founder feems to have thought that he had provided fufficient food for the Scholars of his College, in the ample and well-fele£ted Library he bequeathed them; for their allowance of commons was fo very fmall, that about fixty years after the foundation, they were obliged to petition for an in- creafe; and obtained a difpenfation to add 2 d. for the week days, and a groat for the Lord’s Day, on the villtation of Thomas Arundel], Archbifhop of Canterbury: which occafloncd Fuller quaintly to fay, “ True it is, that a body furfeited with food is “ unfit for fludy; and fcholars, like hawks, fly “ bell, when lharp and not full gorgedand the monk’s verfe hath much truth in it— Diftentus venter non vnlt ftudere Iibenter, Yet, perchance— Laudavit pleno.monachus jejunl'a ventre.' Among the Benefactors of this College, previous to the princely bequell of Dr. Andrews, are Gardiner, Bilhop of Winchefter; Nix, Bilhop of Norwich; Dr. John Cowel; Sir George Newman ; Dr. Monse, who gave 80/. per annum for repairing the road towards London, by Hawkellone E 3 Mills; ( 54 ) Mills; and Dr. Henry Harvey, the twelfth Matter, who, at a great expence, made a raifed caufe- way on thg fouth, and other fides of Cambridge, for the convenience of foot-paflengers in dirty weather; “ fo that his bounty,” as Fuller fays, “ made “ unto them Summer in the midft of Winter.” While this work was going on, a Noble Academic met Dr. Harvey one morning overfeeing his workmen, which he made a regular pradtice of doing ; and thinking it a good opportunity for a reflection on the Doctor's fuppofed inclinations for Popery (which charge was, however, groundlefs)—*• “ Doctor,” faid he, “ you think that this caufe- “ way is the high-road to Heaven, don’t you?”— “ No,” replied the Dodtor, “ not fo, Sir, for then “ I fhould not have met you there*” Bishops and eminent Men. Robert Stretton, Mafter, Bifhop of Litchfield, 1360, nth Car. II. Marmaduke Lumly, Bifhop of Lincoln, 1449, 28th Henry VI. Stephen Gardiner, Bifhop of Winchefter, 153 1 , 23d Henry VIII. This learned Prelate is reported to have been the illegitimate fon of Dr. Lionel Wydville, Bifhop of Salifbury, who was brother to Elizabeth, Queen of Edward IV.; and thus ( 55 ) thus was fecond-coulin to Henry VIIL Gardiner was his mother’s name, who, before his birth, was married to one of his father’s fervants. At College, he applied principally to the ftudy of the Civil and Canon Law; of both which he took the degree of DoCtor, and was early diftinguifhed for his knowledge in the learned languages. His firlf patron was the Duke of Norfolk; and he afterwards became Secretary to Cardinal Wolfey, who introduced him to the King, as a man of bulinefs and a learned Civilian. He was fent, in conjunction with Dr. Edward Fox, Embaffador to the Pope, on the important bufinefs of the divorce; in which they acquitted themfelves highly to the King’s fatisfac- tion, having obtained a commiffion to empower Cardinals W olfey and Campeggio, to determine the affair in England. On his return, he was made Secretary of State; and, it is well known, that he fuggefled the expedient, the divorce being yet undetermined, to take the opinion of the different Univerfities in Europe, concerning the legality of the marriage, regardlefs of the Pope; concluding, that if it fhould be found contrary to the law of God, it was no marriage at all. This is generally fuppofed to have been the caufe of Wolfey’s fall; though in this, as in many other inflances, it is almoft impoffible to trace the conduct of the capricious Henry to its fource. Gardiner’s next effort, in which, after much labour ( 5 6 ) hour and artifice, he fucceeded, was to obtain from the Univerfity of Cambridge a decree in favour of the divorce. This fervice procured him a Mitre, being raifed to the See of Winchefter in I 53 1, His abfence from Court, during feveral periods of this reign, in embaffies to the Pope and the German Diet, leads us to acquit him of being concerned in feveral of thofe infamous tranfadlions, which would difgrace the annals of any country. He is, however, generally fuppofed to have been the author of moft of the horrid cruelties exercifed upon the unfortunate fufferers for religion; and was undoubtedly concerned in drawing the ftatute, called the Six Articles. In 1540, he was elected Chancellor of Cambridge. Henry, towards the latter part of his life, began to entertain fufpicions concerning the religion of his laft wife, Catherine Parre; and Burnet fays, that they were improved by Gardiner, who formed the articles for the Queen’s commitment to the Tower. The Queen, however, having convinced her Royal Hufband of the falfehood of the infinuations, Gardiner was never more admitted to his prefence. This ftory, it mull be obferved, reds folely on the authority of Fox, for Bale is filent as to the matter. On the acceffion of Edward YI. Gardiner, though not guiltv of any real acb of difobedience, refufed to promote the meafures of Cranmer, in the grand work of the Reformation; conceiving them too preci- ( 57 ) precipitate, and, without the fancftion of Parliament, illegal. This conduct occafioned his being regarded as a fecret enemy to the Reformation, and he was accordingly committed clofe prifoner to the Fleet. It is fomewhat unfortunate that the Reformers fhould begin their work with this flagrant tyranny ; it was, however, an a£t of policy ; for by confining Gardiner during the whole feffion, they prevented his oppofition in the Houfe of Lords. He was at length difcharged like a common malefactor by the King’s general pardon, though he was never judicially charged with any offence. Sufpi- cion, however, again fell upon him; he was no fooner returned to London, than orders w r ere given that he fhould juftify himfelf in a Sermon, to be preached before the King and his Miniftry. This he did fo little to the fatisfacftion of the Reformers, that he was the very next day committed to the Tower. He was, at laft, offered his liberty, on condition that he fhould acknowledge his guilt, approve all that had been done, and promife future obedience. He offered to fubfcribe to the two laft articles, but refufed the firft, becaufe he w'as innocent; and knew that his confeflion was intended to fupply the want of evidence againft him. He was, therefore, deprived of his Bifhopric, by a Court of Commiffioners, in which Cranmer fat as Prefident; who, in this fcandalous affair, feems to have been a mere tool in the hands of Somerfet. On f JS > On Mary’s arrival at the throne, a fudden blaze of good fortune burl! upon him. After five years imprifonment, he was reftored to his Bifhopric, re- eledfed Chancellor of Cambridge, and declared Chancellor of England, with all the power and influence of Prime Minister. Gardiner was diftinguilhed for his infinuating addrefs and profound policy; the mafter-piece of which certainly was the articles of marriage between Philip and Mary, which formed an effectual bar to the ambitious defigns of Philip. There is no doubt but that Philip both wifiied and intended to have been abfolute: for when the Queen wasfuppofed to be pregnant, Philip applied to the Parliament to be appointed Regent during the minority; and offered to give Security to Surrender his trull on the majority of the heir apparent. This offer occafioned a violent debate among the Peers, and had nearly been carried, when Lord Paget flood up, and find— “ Pray, lubo Jhallfue the King's bond,” This laconic Speech had the defired effedl, and the debate was concluded in the negative. Gardiner enjoyed his return to power only two years, his death happening in November, 1555, at the great age of feventy-two. The Romilh writers deferibe him as a pious humane Prelate; our Pro- teflant Hiftorians paint him, on the contrary, as the snofl cruel of mankind. Many horrid cruelties were certainly committed during his adminiflration; but ( 59 ) * but it is equally certain that under fuch a Queen, no Minifter could have prevented religious perfecu- tlon. He was much more flexible in Religion than Politics; the former being too much directed to his own interefts; and he actually perfecuted thofe tenets to which he had fubfcribed, and in defence of which he had written. The worfi: a ft ion of his life, perhaps, was his perfuading or permitting the nation, to return to the See of Rome ; as all the cruelties of Mary’s reign, were the inevitable con- fequence of that fatal meafure. He was author of feveral works: 1. De Vera Obedientid, written in defence of the Ring’s Supremacy. 2. Palinodia difti Libri, being a retraftion of the preceding. 3. Ibe Erudition of Chrijlian Men, fuppofed to have been written jointly with Cranmer; and feveral others. Richard Sampson, Bilhop of Litchfield and Coventry, 1542, 34th Henry VIII. Thomas Thirleby, Fellow, Bilhop of Ely, 1554, ift Mary. William Barlow, Bilhop of Lincoln, 1608, 6 Jac. I. Adam Otley, Bifhop of St. David’s, 1712, I2th Anne. Richard ( 6o ) Richard Reynolds, Bifhop ofLincoln, 1723, gth George I. Samuel Halifax, LL.D. and D.D. Bifhop of Gloucefter, 1781, 21 ft George III. Eminent Men.] —Dr. Cowel, Mafter. This learned and eminent Civilian was born in 1554 - In 1607, he compiled his Law DidHonary, which gave great offence to Sir Edward Coke and the common Lawyers—fo much fo, that they firft ac- cufed him to James the Firft, as afferting that the King’s Prerogative was in fome cafes limited; and, when they failed in that attempt, they complained of him to the Houfe of Commons, as a betrayer of the rights of the people, by afferting that the King was not bound by the Laws; for which he was committed to cuftody, and his book publicly burnt. He alfo publifhed, notwithftanding this continued perfecution, Injliiutisnes Juris Anglicans, in the manner of Juftinian’s Inftitutes. He died in the year 1611. Sir Peter Wyche, Knight, Inventor of the Geographical Cards. Sir Robert Naunton, Knight, Public Orator, and author of the well-known book, Fragmenta Regalia. Sir Robert was once confined clofe pri- foner to his houfe, for giving fome fbarp anfwers to the fubtle and treacherous Count Gondomare, the Spanifh { 6i ) Spanilli Ambaflador, when converfing together, and afterwards refuting to make any fubmiffion to his Excellency. In 1624, he was made Matter of the Court of Wards. Sir James Marriott, Knight, the late Judge of the Court of Admiralty. F J,"~ " >" ”1 ’ ... 4 •hfSCtJ EE# a»as>iii-»w.iB Mm •pa ''jij. C.A.Ius C OX.X ( ^9 ) 1738, 12th George II.; tranflated to Ely, 174?, 22d George IT. Dr. Charles Moss, Bifhop of Bath, and Wells, 1774, 14th George III. Dr. John Warren, Bifhop of St. David’s, 1779, 19th George III.; afterwards tranflated to Bangor. The notorious Titus Oates received the rudiments of his education at this College, being admitted a poor fclxolar, 29th of June, 1667, at the age of eighteen. Among Mr. Baker’s MSS. in the Britiflh Mu- feum, is the following memorandum concerning him “ Titus Oates, a liar from the beginning. He “ ftole from and cheated his taylor of a gown, “ which he denied with horrid imprecations; and “ afterwards at a communion, being admonifhed “ and advifed by his tutor, confefled the fadt. This “ and more I had from Sir John E.. and leave it in “ teflimony of truth.”' And again “ Dr. T. W.. his tutor, does not charge him with “ much immorality,, but fays he was a great dunce; “ that he run into debt, and being fent away for “ want of money, never took a degree at Cam- “ bridge, fo that he mull have gone out Doftor “ per faltum at Salamanca. Dr, Phineas Fletcher, fon of Giles Fletcher, the ( ?o ) the Ambaflador to the Court of Mufcovy, and author of a very fcarce book, giving an account of his Embaffy, which is partly tranfcribed in Hakluyt. Phineas was the author of a book, intitled, De Liter atis Antique Britannia, &c. Cantab. 1633, I2mo. alfo Pifca'.ory Eclogues, Purple IJland, &c. Dr. Brady. This able Phyfician and induftrious Hiftorian, was born in Norfolk, and took his degree of M.D. in 1660. He was the fame year eledted Mailer of this College, and in 1670 appointed Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London. He was fometime afterwards chofen Regius ProfefTor of Phyfic in the Univerfity of Cambridge, in which fituaticn he continued until his death in 17QO. He was the author of a letter to Dr. Sydenham, which is inferted in that Phyftcian’s works; but is bell known by his Hiftory of England, in which, however, he exalts the Roval Prerogative beyond the juft bounds of the Conftitution, and ventures to reprefent Parliaments as of modern inftitution. Dr. William Harvey, was admitted of this College in May, 1593, at the age of ftxteen, and completed his education here. He w r as fucceftively Phyfician to James I. and Charles I. This great Phyfician, who will ever be memorable for his difeovery of the circulation of the blood, a difeovery which lerves to explain the whole animal economy, and which Sir Thomas Browne, who well ( 7 1 ) well knew Its importance, preferred to the difcovery of the New World, had the happinefs, in his lifetime, to find the clamours of ignorance, envy, and prejudice, againft his doflrine, totally filenced, and to fee it univerfally ellablilhed. Length of time has confirmed it, and every man now fees and knows it from his own experience. Dr. Harvey was both an excellent phyfician and a good man; his modef- ty, candor, and piety, were equal to his knowledge : the farther he penetrated into the wonders of Nature, the more he was inclined to venerate the Author of it. His principal work, intitled, Exercitatio Anatomica de Matu Cordis it Sanguinis in Animali- bus, was printed at Franckfort, in 1627* Dr. Harvey died June 3, 1657, at the age of eighty. Sir Thomas Gresham. This fpirited Founder of Commerce, and of the Royal Exchange, was agent for Edward VI. Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. His mercantile genius exerted itfelf not only in contriving excellent fchemes for paying the debts of the Crown, and extending our foreign trade, but alfo in introducing into the kingdom the manufactures of fmall wares, fuch as pins, knives, hats, ribbands, &c. Sir Thomas died on the 21ft of November, 1579. Sir James Burroughs, Knight, the late MaT- ter, and an ingenious Architect: he drew the plan of the Senate Houfe and other public buildings. Lord ( 7 2 ) Lord Thurlow, Lord High Chancellor of England, 1778, 18th George III. Dr. John White, Dr. Francis White, Dr. Watts, Dr. Legge, Dr. Wendy, Dr. Butts, Dr. Walker, Dr. Goftlin, Dr. GlilTon, Dr. Prujean, Dr. Parker, Dr. Sheringham, Dr. Sayer, Dr. Eftey, Dr. Wright, and many more, efpecially Phyficians.— Fuller reckons up twenty-feven in his time, feveral of them Phyficians to the Royal Family. The prefent Society confifts of a Matter, twenty- fix Fellowships, feventy-one Scholarfhips, and four Exhibitioners. Number of Fellows, Scholars, and Students, ufually about ninety—Vifitors, Provoft of King’s College, Matter of Bene’t, and the fenior Doctor of Phyfic. ■fa « A & & & & db | | I 1 | 1 1 E i 111 is I Kings college itf .' f ftM6se»mt! m ;4‘. )' f BTENTRY © fuiluhii Afay i. tSBK by £dv/.IToa~dmg 3 in the upper parts and two in the lower) with labels affixed to each, explaining the paintings on the lights placed on either fide of them. There is a particular correfpondence between the paintings of the fame window in the upper and lower divifiorrs. As, for example: In the upper divifion, a piece of hiftory, taken from the Old Teftament, is painted on two lights, on the left fide of a window. In the lower divifion, on the fame fide, on two lights immediately underneath thofe in the upper part, is painted fome circumftance felefted from the New Teftament, correfponding to that above it from the Old. The lower divifions of windows on the north fide, contain a part of our Saviour’s Hiftory, including fome fhort time before his birth; the laft of the paintings defcribing the circumftance of his being fcourged before Pontrus Pilate. It is impoffible to convey any idea of tbcfe hifto- rical paintings, which will not fall fhort of their ex- ceffive beauty ; for, in the greater part of them, the fhape and attitude of particular figures, the fitnefs ■and expreffion of their countenances, and the colouring and eafy flow of the drapery, are all wonderfully natural, and far beyond the limits of de- feription. The arms of Henry VIII. and the initial letter of his name, printed on the windows, has railed a con- je£!ure, that they were glazed at his expence; but it ( 8 5 ') it is more probable, that part of the legacy in the will of Henry VII. was devoted to that purpofe. It, however, appears, from Bloomfield’s Hiflory of Norfolk, that a Bifhop of Norwich was an involuntary contributor to this noble purpofe; for it is there faid— “ That Robert Nix, Bifhop of Norwich, hav- “ ing incurred a praemunire for extending his jurif- “ diftion over the Mayor of Thetford, was fined “ for it; part of which fine was appropriated to “ the purchafe of the windows of painted glafs in “ King’s College Chapel.” On the north and fonth fides of the Chapel, are eighteen finall vefiries, or chantries (nine on each fidej, which appear to have been devoted to the ceremony of faying mafs for the fouls of the deceafed; and any fuperior of the Society who was inclined to have that fervice performed for his foul, endowed one of thefe veflries for the purpofe. It appears, from the Founder’s will,-that altars would have been ere£ted in ail the veflries, had not the laws of the Reformation, which followed fome tew years after the finifhing of the Chapel, abo- lifned aii fuperfiitious rites belonging to the ancient Religion. The mod ancient of thefe little veflries, are the fitil and fecond from the eaft, on the north fide. 1 he latter was the chantry of William Tcwae, who is buried in it, with a large grey mai bie h<_b over H his ( 86 ) - , his grave; on which is his figure in brafs, at full length, in his Doctor’s robes, and ermine hood and bonnet, with a flit in his fcarlet gown, from whence his hands are extended, and from which hangs a fcroll, with this diftich: Gloria, fama fcolis, laus, artes, caetera mundi Vana nimis valeant; fpes mea fola Deus, The words orate pro anima, and a/jus ammee pro- pitietur Deus, are effaced ; for the zeal ot the Reformers of 1645) was much offended at any in- feription which began and ended with words like thefe. The next, in point of antiquity, is Dr. Argentine’s, who w r as Provofl of the College in 1507 ; but the chantry of Dr. Haccomblen,'who was Pro- voft when the windows were fet up, is the mofl ornamented of all; which, as he was overfeer of the works, he had many opportunities for doing. There is a noble monument in this veftry, creftcd in honour of John Churchill, Marquis of Blandford (fon of the great Duke of Marlborough), who died in this College, 170,2, at the age of nineteen. The only remaining veflry which appears to have been employed as a chantry, is the third from the weft, on the fouth lide, endowed in the time of Queen Mary, by Dr. Braille, when Popery, though well nigh extirpated in the preceding reign, had begun' ( S 7 ) begun once more to raife its head within this Iiland. The fouth veilry from the eaft, on die north fide, contains an infciiption in fuch.»exalted fentiments, vet, at the fame time, fo very fimple and modeft, that it is impoffible to pafs it by. It is an infcription to the memory of Thomas Crouch, who bequeathed 1 'eyer.al hundred yolunies to the College. Aperiet Deus Tumulos, et educet , Nos dc Sepulchris. Qualis eram, Dies ifthsec cum Venerit, fcies. Terr* creditus die 301110. Augufti, Annoque a nato Domino 1679. The Spectator, in the 7th Vol. No. 518, introduces an epitaph, which bears the neared refem- blancc to the above. It is in thefe words: “ Hie jacet R. C. in expeilatione diei fupremi. Qualis “ erat, dies ifte indicabit.” And upon which the following juft remark is made: “ The thought of it is ferious, and, in my opi- “ nion, the fineft that I ever met with upon this “ occafion. It is ufual, after having told us the “ name ot the perfon who lies interred, to launch H 2 out ( 8S ) “ out into his praifes. This epitaph, takes a quite “ contrary turn, having been made by the perfon “ himfelf fometime before his death.” The remaining ve dries are now converted into a Library, in which are many curious and valuable printed and MS. books. Among others, is the Book of Pialms, upon parchment four fpans in length, and three in breadth, which is faid to have been taken from the Spaniards at the liege of Cadiz, in i 6 gx. The outfide dimenlions of the Chapel are: .Length from eaft to well, 3; 6 feet. Brc idth Item no:th to fouth, 84 feet. Height Irena the ground to the top of the battlements, 90 feet. Height from the ground to the top of the pinnacles, about 101 feet. Height from the ground to the top of any one of the corner towers, 146 a feet. The infide dimenfions are: Length from eaft to weft, 291 feet. Breadth from north to fouth, 45 § feet. Height, 78 feet. Benefactors.] —The lift of Benefactors to this College is very numerous. Dr. William Smith, when Provoft, gave books to the value ot 100/. and a fait worth 40/.; a fine Handing cup, with pendent moving figures furroundiug the middle: C 89 ) die: and. both fides of the choir were wainfcottcd at the expence of Robins, Henshaw, and Weaver, Fellows of the College. Provosts.. Fuller, fpcaking of the learned men who have had the honour of being Provofts of this College, fays: “ The honour of Athens lyeth not in her “ walls, but the worth of. her citizens. Building “ may give luftre, but learning gives life to a Col? “ lege, wherein we can . congratulate the happinefs “ of this foundation. Indeed, no College can con? “ tinue in a conftant level of learning, but will “ have its alternate, depreliions and elevations; but “ in this we may cbferve a good tenor of able men “ in all faculties, as indeed a good artift is left- “ handed to no profeffion.” The following lift mav not be perfectly correct, but will, perhaps, be found the mod accurate of any yet given ; being principally extracted from the MS. of the indefatigable Mr. Baker. William Millington, eledied anno 144.,^ from Clare Hall j whither, after three years, he was remanded, for his factions endeavouring to prefer his countrymen of Y.crklhire. John Chedworth, who continued fix years., H 3 Richard. ( 9° > Richard Woodlark, D. D, Founder of Catherine Hall. Walter Field, D.D. eledted 1479, continued twenty years. John Dogget, D.C.L. Chancellor of Sarum, elected 1499, and remained two years. John Argentine, D. P. and D.— (He gave the College a bafon and ewer of filver, yet in the cullody of the Provo'ft)— eledted 150-1, and remained fix years. Richard Hutton, D.C.L. eledted 1507, continued two years. Robert Haccomblen, D.D. eledted 1509, and remained nineteen years. He was the-author of Commentaries on Ariflotle’s Ethics. Edward Fox, afterwards Bifhop of Hereford, eledted 1538, and continued ten years. George Day, afterwards Bifhop of Chicheller, eledted 1528, and continued ten years. Sir John Cheeke, of St. John’s, in Cambridge, chofen by mandate, 1548, fat five years. Richard Atkinson, D.D. eledted 1553, fat three years. Robert Brassey, chofen 1556, and remained two years. Philip Baker, chofen 1558, fat fourteen years. Roger Goad, a grave and reverend Divine, eledted 157Q, and remained Provofl forty years. He gave ( 9 1 ) gave the Reftory of Milton, in Cambridgefhire, to the College. Fog Newton, D. D. chofen 1610, fat two years. William Smith, chofen 1612, fat two years. Samuel Collins, chofen 1615, and fat thirty years. Benjamin Whichcot, elected 1645, fat fifteen years. James Fleetwood, D. D. 1660, continued fifteen years. Sir Thomas Page, Knight, chofen 1675, and continued fix years. John Coplestone, D. D. defied 168r, continued eight years. Charles Roderick, D. D. chofen 1689, ^ ai: twenty-two years. John Adams, D. D. chofen 1712, fat feven years. Andrew Snape, D. D. chofen 1719, fat twenty-two years. William George, firfi Canon of Windfor, then Dean of Lincoln, defied 1742. John Summer, D.D, and Car.on of Windfor, defied 1756. Bishops. ( 9 2 ) Bishops. Nicholas Cloose, Bilhop of Carlifle, and afterwards of Litchfield, anno 1451 Henry VI. placed fuch confidence in this Prelate, that he made him overfeer and manager of all his intended buildings for this College. He (moll probably, though fome fay his father), was archiiedl of the Chapel; a work iufficient to dillinguifii his name among the moll Ihining chara£ters of antiquity. All knowledge of arts and fciences, at that time, centered in the Clergy ; and it was no uncommon thing for the higheft dignitary to prefide over the King’s works. Thus William of Wykeham, Bilhop of Winchef- ter, was overfeer of the works of Windfor Callle. John Chedwortfi, Bilhop of Lincoln, 1452. Thomas Rotherham, Bilhop oi Rochefier, then of Lincoln, afterwards Archbilhop of York, Chancellor of Cambridge, and Lord High Chancellor of England, 1467. He contributed 140/. to the building of the Chapel. Oliver King, Bilhop of Exeter, then of Bath and Wells, 1492. Jeffery Blith, 1503, Bilhop of Coventry and Litchfield. Nicholas West. When a fcholar of this College, he was fo defperately turbulent, that dif- contented ( 93 )' contented with the lofs of the Pro&orfhip, he endeavoured to fire the Provoft’s lodgings; and having flolen fome filver fpoons, departed the College. He afterwards became a new man, D. D. and Billion of Ely, 1515; and to expiate his former faults, gave many rich gifts and plate to the College, and built part of the Provofl’s Lodgings. Nicholas Hawkins, 1533, nominated Bifhop of Ely, but died before his confecration. In time of famine, he fold all his plate and goods to relieve the poor of Ely, and was contented to be ferved himfelf in wooden difhes and earthen pots. Thomas Goodrich, 1534, Bifhop of Ely. Edward Fox, Bifhop of Hereford, He was born at Ditnfley, in Gloucefferfhire, and educated at Eton; from whence, in 1512, he removed to this College, of which, in 1528, he was elected Pro- volt. Being recommended to Cardinal Wolfey as a politician, that enterprizing prelate took him into his fervice, and fent him with Gardiner, Bifhop of Winchefter, EmbafTador to the Pope, in cider to obtain a bull for the divorce of Queen Catherine of •Arragcn. Having fucceeded in obtaining a com- mi (lion from the Pope, to empower Cardinals Wolfey and Campeggio to determine the affair, the Em- baffadors returned to England with the laft-men- tioned Cardinal. Fox was afterwards fent EmbafTador to France and Germany, and, in 1530, was employed at Cam- ( 94 ) Cambridge to obtain the confent of that Univerfity to the King’s divorce. In the year 1531, he was inilalled Archdeacon of Leicefter; in 1533, Archdeacon of Dorfet, and, in 1535, promoted to the Bilhopric of Hereford. Soon after his confecration, he was fent Embalfador to die Proteflant Princes in Germany, at that time affembled at Smalcald, whom he exhorted to unite with the Church of England, and to approve King Henry’s divorce and fecond marriage, but in vain. He returned home in 1536, and having enjoyed the epifcopal dignity about two years and a half, died in London, on the 8th of May, 1538. He was, according to his requefly buried in the Church of St. Mary Montheur, in Thames-ftreet, where the Bifhops of Hereford had then a houfe. No monument was erefted to his memory! He fhines in hi dory principally as an able polir tician; nor were his political talents lefs ufeiul to himfelf than to his fovereign, for though he was equally zealous for the Reformation widi Cranmer, yet he had prudence enough to avoid perfecution on that account. Biihop Goodwin calls him vir egregic da tins \ and Burnet tells us that he was reputed one of the bell Divines in the kingdom. Robert * Aldrich, 1537, Billiopof Carliile. Erafmus calls this learned Prelate, when young, # Bale and Pits, by miftake, call him John.. blanda ( 95 ) Hand a ehquent'us juvenem. 1'he compliment was as juft as it is elegant. Dr. Aldrich was born in Buckinghamlhire, about the year 1493, and educated at Eton; front whence, in 1507, he was eledted a Scholar of this College, where he took his degrees of Arts, and was afterwards Proctor of the Univerfity. In 1525, he was appointed Maher of Eton, loon afterwards Fellow of that College, and finally Provoft. Mr. Aldrich, in 1529, went to Oxford, where being firit incorporated Batchelor of Divinity, in the following year he proceeded Dodtor in that faculty. In i?3f, he was made Archdeacon of Colchefter; in 1534, Canon of Windfor; and in the fame year, Registrar of tiie Order of the Garter. He was cortfecrated Bilhop of Carlifle in 1537, anc l died Horn- caftle*, in Liucolnfhire, in 1556. He held his bifhopric, fays Wood, to the time of his death; and “ though there were many changes in the church “ and hate, he ran through them all, and fo con- “ fequently complied with all.” The mere circumltance of the Bifhop’s continuing unmolfcfted ih thefe fucceffive reigns, may feem to ■authorize Wood’s conclufion, viz. “ That he complied with the mulifh religion of Henry, the refor- mation of Edward, and the popery of Mary.”—It '* Which was formerly the epifcopal palace and refidence ♦f the Bifhops of Carlide,. ( 9 ^ ) is neverthelcfs poffible, thar his tranquillity might lie owing chiefly to his moderation ; perhaps he might think creeds and ceremonies of lefs authority and importance than fome of his cotemporaries ; and he might not be fo proudly bigotted to any opinion, as to fuller death rather than admit the poffibility of his being miftaken. He might think that all governments have a right to eflablifh whatever religion thev think fit, and that an individual is no more au- thorifed to oppofe that religion, than to fly in the face of any other law. Thefe are arguments rather in favour of his difcretion than his fpirit. Fuller obferves, that, “ Though he lived but in “ the twilight of religion, he is juftly to be placed “ not on the dark, but light fide of reformation; “ for though his actions were but weak, vet his af- “ fefiions were fincere.” Pits mod errcneoufly makes Aldrich the author of Horman s AntiboJJicon (Lond. 1521). The Epif- tola ad Hormannum alone, in Latin verfe, printed in that work, is the compofition of Aldrich. George Day, 1543, Biihop of Chichefler.— He was one of the compilers of our Liturgy. John Poinet, 1550, Biihop of Rocheller, and. afterwards of Winchefter. Richard Cox, a learned Prelate, and principal pillar of the Reformation. He was born at VVhad- don, in Buckinghamlhire, of low parentage, in the year 1499* On leaving Eton, he obtained a Soho- larfliip ( 97 ) larfhip in this College, of which he became a Fello# in 1519: he was thence invited to Oxford by Cardinal Wolfey, and was there made one of the junior Canons of Cardinal College. In I 5 2 5 i he was incorporated Batchelor; and the following year took the degree of Mailer of Arts in the fame Univer- fity. In this fituation, he became remarkable for his learning and poetical abilities; but his attachment to the opinions of Luther rendered him hateful to his fuperiors, who llripped him of his preferment, and threw him into prifon on fufpicion of Herefy. Being, however, foon releafed, he was chol’en Mailer of Eton School, which flourilhed greatly under his care. In 1537> he commenced Doctor of Divinity; in 1540, was made Archdeacon of Ely, and, in the following year, Prebendary in that Cathedral, on its being new founded by King Henry VIII. In 1546, he vyas made Dean of Chrift Church, Oxford. By the recommendation of Cranmer and Bilhop Goodrich, to whom he had been Chaplain, he not only obtained the above preferments, but was chofen preceptor to Prince Edward; on whofe acceffion to the throne he became a favourite at Court, was fworn of the Privy Council, and made King’s Almoner. In 1547, he was eledled Chancellor of Oxford, Canon ol Windfor, and next year Dean of Weft- minller. About this time, he was appointed one of I the ( 93 ) the Commiffioners to vifit the Univerfitv of Oxford ; in which office his -zeal for reformation was fo exceffive, that he deftroyed a number of curious and valuable books, for no better reafon than be- caufe they were written by Roman Catholics. On the acceffion of Queen Mary, he was ftrip- ped of all his preferments, and committed to the Marlhalfea. He- was foon after releafed, and immediately left the kingdom. Having refided fome time at Stralbtirg, with his intimate friend Peter Martyr, on the death of Queen Mary he returned to England,- and with other Divines was appointed to revife the Liturgy. He often preached before the Queen; and, in 1559, was preferred to the See of Ely, which he continued to enjoy upwards of twenty-one years. He died on the 22d of July, 1581, aged eighty-one. He was a man of very confiderable learning, a zealous and moll rigid bulwark of the Church of England, and an implacable enemy beth-to Papifts and Puritans.—Strype, in his Life of Arohbiffiop Parker, fays, that in a letter to that Prelate, Cox advifed him to proceed vigoroully in reclaiming or punijhing the Puritans, and not to be difeouraged at the frown of thofe court favourites ■ who protected them ; alluring him that he might expect the blef- fing of God on his pious labours, to free the Church from their dangerous attempts, and to eftabliih uniformity.. This ( 99 ) This zealous Reformer had not totally loft fight of the Popiih text, compel them to come in: but a ftronger proof of his implacability and felf importance, appears in his letter to the Lord-Treafurer Burleigh; in which he warmly expoftulates with the Council for interpofing in behalf of the Puritans, or meddling in concerns of the Church, admonilh- ing them to keep within their own fphere. This Prelate was certainly no great favourite with the Queen; the reafon afligned by Strypc for which, is his zealous oppofition to her retaining the crucifix and wax candles on the altar of the Royal. Chapel; alfo his ftrenuous defence of the marriage of the Clergy, which her Majefty always difap- proved. Nor was he more happy among her Courtiers; by fome of whom, particularly Lord North, he was often perfecuted. He was interred in the Cathedral of Ely, under a marble flag, with a Latin infeription, which was defaced not long after his death, excepting the four following lines: Vita caduca vale, falveto vita perennis : Corpora terra tegit, fpiritus alta petit. In terra Chrifti Gallus Chriftum refonabam ; Da, Chriiie, in cadis te fine fine fonem. Gallus, in the third line, is a wretched pun upon his name Cox, fimilar in found to Cocks . I 2 Edmund ( tco ) Edmund Gwest, 1559, Bilhop of Rochefter, and afterwards of Salilbury. William Alley, 1560, Bilhop of Exeter. After receiving fome part of his education at Eton, lie removed to King’s, where he took the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He alfo fhidied fome time at Oxford; afterwards he married, was prefented to a living, and became a zealous Reformer. Upon Queen Mary’s acceflion, he left his cure, and retired into the north of England; where he maintained his wife and himfelf by teaching a fchool and pradtifing phvfic.. Queen Elizabeth afcending the throne, he went to London, where he acquired great reputation by reading the Divinity Ledfure at St. Paul's; and in July 1560, was confecrated Bifhop of Exeter. He was created Dodfor of Divinity in November, 1561. Ele died and was buried in the Cathedral of Exeter, in April, 1570. William Wickham, 1595, Bilhop of Lincoln, and afterwards of Winchefter. Thomas Ram, Bifhop of Ferns, in Ireland. He rebuilt the Epifcopal Rehdence, over which he placed tire following lines : This houfe Ram built for Iris fncceeding Brothers ; So Sheep bear wool, not for themfelves but others. Richard Mountague, 1628, Bilhop of Chi- Chelicr, then of Norwich. Jons ( IOI ) John Long, Archbifhop of Armagh, Primate of Ireland. William Murray, Conduit of the College,. Bilhop of LandafF, 1627. John Pearson, Bilhop of Chefler, 1672. James Fleetwood, Bilhop of Worcefteiy ^73- William Fleetwood, Bilhop of Ely, 1714.. Stephen Weston, Bilhop of Exeter, 1724. Francis Hare, Bilhop of Chichefler, 1727. Statesmen and eminent Men,. William Hatliffe, D. D. Secretary to King: Edward IV. James Denton, D. C. L. Chancellor to the Lady Mary Dowager of France, Dean of Litchfield, and Lord Prelident of Wales. William Conisby, diftinguilhed for his pro~ found knowledge in the Common Law, and afterwards became a Judge. Edward Hall. This learned Lawyer and ufeful Hiftorian, was horn in the Parilh of St. Mildred’s, London, probably in the laft year of the 15th century; and could deduce his defcent from no lefs a perfon than Albert, King of the Romans, and ; Archduke of Auftria. I 3 From ( 1^2 ) From Eton he was fent, in 1514, to this College, where he continued till he became a junior Fellowt when he removed to Oxford, on account of the Leftures founded by Cardinal Wolfey, in the year *518.. “ Oxford then,” fays Wood, “ became, as it “ were, a common mart for all that could come “• to hear and learn; and all perfons that pretended “ to ingenuity or curiofity,. efteemed themfelves ■“ not complete, unlefs they then.retired to Oxford, “ to be improved by thefe Leftures, efpecially in “ Greek Rhetoric and the Mathematics.” From thence Ke went to London* and became a Member of the Society of Gray’s Inn. Being called to the Bar* he was appointed one of the Common Serjeants of the City of London, and afterwards Under* Sheriff. In 1533, he became Summer Reader of Gray’s Inn; and about the year 1540, Double Reader in Lent, and. one. of the judges of the Sheriff’s Court,.. He had, fays. Ant. Wood, a great\ommand of his tongue and pen ; and Pitfius gives his charafter In thefe words :: “ Vir in literis humanioribus bene eruditus et in * Audiis munieipalium Angliae legum diumultumque “ utiliter verfatus. Eloquens etiam et difertus. Qu:* “ bus nqmiaibus magnamfamam, gratiam 3 auftori- " tatem, Abi conciliavit.” Walter ( *'°3 ) ’Walter Had don. This diftinguilhed Civilian, Orator, and Poet, was born in Buckingham- fliire, in the year 1516. From Eton he went to Cambridge, in 1533, being elected a Scholar * of King’s College, in which he afterwards obtained a Ffcllowfhip. Tiie lingular diligence with which he applied himfelf to his Latin ftudies, particularly the works of Cicero, foon gained him the reputation- f of the bell Latin writer of his time; nor were his orato- rial faculties lets confpicuous. In 154.7; he took the degree of Dodtor of Civil'Law; and from that time read Public Leisures- in that Faculty, though he was not chofen Profeflor till the year 15501 He + was alfo fomc time Profeffor of Rhetoi ic and Orator of the Univerfity, where he was extremely active in promoting the Reformation. In the fame year, 1550, he ferved the office of Vice-Chanceh lor; and when Bifhop Gardiner was deprived, fuc- ceeded him as Matter of Trinity-Hall. In 1552 §, in compliance with the requelt of King’s Edward’s Miniflry, he was-chofen Prelidcnt * Baleus Cent., n. 87;. f Strype Ant. Vol. II. p. .411, l Haddeni Lucubrat. $ Fuller Hilt. Carab. p. 117. ( i°4 ) of Magdalen College, in Oxford, and took the degree of Do£tor of Laws; but in the following year *, on the acceffion of Queen Mary, his Pre- ildence induced him to retire, and he remained in obfcurity during that difmal reign. On the acceffion of Queen Elizabeth, he was ordered to attend her Majefty at Hatfield; and was foon after appointed Matter of the Court of Re- quefts. In 1566, he was fent with Lord Monta- cute and Nicholas Watton, to Bruges, to negotiate the renewal of the Treaty of Commerce with the Netherlands. He died in January, 1572, in the fifty-hxth year of his age, and was buried in Chrift Church, London. He was a polite Scholar, a learned Civilian, an elegant Orator, a good Poet, and a pious Man. He was author of feveral works. His Reformatio legum Ecclejiajlicarum, was published in 1571, by John Fox. This Code of Ecclefiaftical Law, afcribed chiefly to Cranmer, was tranflated into Latin by Dr. Haddon, with the affiftance of Sir John Chelce. They were alfo Paid to have been, concerned in the compiling of it. His Lucubrationes were published in 1567, and cor.fift of ten Latin Orations, fifteen Letters, and feveral Poems on Religious Subjects.—His Reply * Wood, to { io 5 ) to OiTorius-was finifhed and publiffied by John Fox, after his death.—His firft Anfwer is printed in the Lucubrations. There are alfo feveral Latin Epiftles among the Harleian Manufcripts. Ralph Colfield, Clerk of the Council in Wales to King Edward VI. Thomas Tusser, was born at Riven Hall, ra the County of Effex, of an ancient family, and educated firft at Wallingford, and afterwards in St, Paul’s School; where, it is faid, he applied himfelf principally to the ftudy oFMufic, under a celebrated Mailer, whofe name was Redford. From St, Paul’s he removed to Eton; and here it was that he became the Pupil of the famous Udall*, whofe extreme feverity induced poor Tufler to lament the hardfhip of his boyilh days in. the following Elegy: From Paul's I went, to Eton feat, To learn ftraightways the Latin phrafe, Where fifty-three Jiripes given to me, At once 1 had: For fault but fmall, or none at all, It came to pafs thus beat I was, * It ' s faid that D’da'll was the frft man that James the Firft enquired for when he came to England ; and hearing of his deceafe, exclaimed, “By my fal, the greateft fcholar in u Europe’s dead.’’ See, io6 ) See, Udall, fee, the mercy of thee, To me, poor lad ! Although this degrading pra&ice may yet, in fome degree, remain a ftigma on the fenfe and feeling of our Public Schools, we mufl at lead: acknowledge, that the Univerfity * now affords an indance of fu-- perior refinement and civilization. * It has been often aflerted that Milton fuffered flagellation at Cambridge. There is certainly an obfeure hint that ,he knew what it .was, in thele verfes of hist Nec duri libet ufqtte minas perferre magiftri, Cxttraque ingenio, non fubeunda, mco. The late learned Mr. Thomas Warton aflerts, that in .thofe days of fimplicity and fubordination, of rougbnefs and rigor , this fort of puniihment was much more common j and confequently by no means fo difgraceful for a young man at the Univerfity, as it would be thought at prefent. Dr. Johnfon alfo, alluding to Milton, tenderly fays : “ I am afhamed to relate what I fear is true, that Milton “ was the laft Student, in either Univerfity, that fuffered the “ public indignity of corporal puniihment.” The officer that bore the fafees, and performed this funds- mental part of difeipline, is faid to have been Dr. Thomas Bainbrigge, Mafter of Chrift's. A curious proof of the prevalence of this praftice in the early periods of the Univerfity,. may be found in Sir John Fenn’s Colleftion of Letters of the Pafton Family, in die time of Henry VI, From (- *°7 5 From Eton, Tufier was defied a' Scholar of' King’s; and, in 1543, was introduced at the Court of King Henry the Eighth, by his Patron, Sir William Paget; who, from being one of the Serjeants* at Mace, of the city of London, rofe to the dig- nity of Baron Paget, and Knight of the Garter. Tuffer rehded about ten years at Court, where, one would have fuppofed from the confequence of' Lis Patron, he might have obtained fome employment; but being at laft quite fick of the - vices and contentions of the great, he retired into the country' and commenced farmer. He livedfirft at Ratwode, then at Ipfwich,- afterwards at : Fairftade, and then' at‘Norwich. From thence he returned to London; but being foon obliged to leave the metropolis on account of the plague, he retired to Cambridge. It is, however, -evident,' that he returned to London; for he died there in 1580, and ‘was buried * in -the Church of St. Mildred, in the Poultry- ■From Fuller’s account, heuppears- to have been' as poor as any. Poet of his time. He thus humo-‘ roufly fpeaks of him:: “ This ftone of Sifyphtts could gathermo mofs.- “ He was fucceffiveiy a Mufician, .Schoolmafter,- “ Servingman, Hufbandman, Grazier,. Poet; more il Ikilful in all than thriving in any vocation. Piet “ traded at large in oxen, iheep, dairies, grain of > * Stow, p. 274*1 “ al) ( 10 8 ) “ ali kinds, to no profit. Whether he bought or “ fold, he loft; and, when a renter, impovgrifhed “ himfelf, and never enriched his landlord. He “ fpread his bread with all forts of butter, yet none “ would flick thereon. I match him with Thomas “ Churchyard, they being marked alike in their “ poetical parts, living in the fame time, and fta- “ tured alike in their eflates.” He was author of 1. A hundred Points of good Hufbandrie, London, 1557, 4 to. 2. Five hundred Points of good Hufbandrie , as well for the champion, or open country, as for the woodland. London. 1590. Infcribcd to Lord Paget. 3. The Points of Hufwiferie. 4. The Author's Life. —All written in verfe. Giles Fletcher, EmbafTador to the Court of Mufcovy. He was born in Kent, and educated at Eton; from whence, according to Fuller, he was removed to King’s College. He was created Doctor of Laws in 1581 ; at which time Wood tells us, in his Fafli, that he was diftinguifhed for his poetical talents. It is probable that he was introduced to the Queen by the influence of his brother, then Dean of Peterborough, and afterwards Bilhop of London, though this circumftance is not men-’ tioned by his hiftorians. He was firfl employed as a Commifhoner in Scotland, ( 109 ) land, Germany, and the Low Countries. In 1588, he was fent Ambaflador to Theodore Juanowitz, Emperor of Ruflia, with whom he concluded an advantageous treaty of commerce, in favour of the Englilh Ruffia Company. On his return home, he was made Secretary of the City of London, and one of the Matters of the Court of Requefts; and, in 1597, Treafurer of St. Paul’s. He died in the Parilh of St. Catherine Coleman, Fenchurch-ttreet, where he was probably buried. He was the author of a book, intitled, Of the Ruffe Commonwealth , or Manner of Government, by the Ruffe Emperor ; with the Manners and Fajhions of the People of that Country, This fcarce and curious book was, for certain political reafons, immediately fupprefled; but it was reprinted in 1643, i2mo. It was alfo inferted, though fomewhat abbreviated, in Hakluyt’s Voyages. Phineas Fletcher, the author of the Pifcatory Eclogues, Purple Iiland, See. was his fon. Thomas Ridley, Dodlor of Latvs, Matter of the Treafury, Knight, and Vicar-General. John Osburne, Remembrancer to the Treafurer. He was remarkable for never taking fees of any Clergyman. Joseph Jesop, Private Secretary to Secretary Walttngham. Sir Albert Morton, principal Secretary to King James. K Sir ( MO ) Sirf RANCis Walsingham was a Fellow Commoner of this Houfe. He prefented the College with a book, which Fuller, who probably had never feen it, calls a Bible. It is a moll curious Concordance to the Vulgate. The leaves are made of thin fmooth vellum, finely illuminated. He alfo prefented the Book of Pfalms in parchment, four fpans in length, and three in breadth; which is faid to have been taken from the Spaniards at the fiege of Cadiz. Thomas Stacey, and William Sutton, his fcholar, both famous Aftrologers. They were Students in the old Hollies, of which this College was afterwards compofed. Dr. Richard Croke. This celebrated Grecian was admitted a Scholar of King’s College, Cambridge, and afterwards ftudied the Greek language at Oxford, under the famous Grocyn. Having acquired fufficient knowledge to ilimulate his inclination for further improvement, he went over to Paris, and continued abroad twelve years; fupported chiefly by the munificence of his Patron, Warham, Archbilhop of Canterbury. At Leipfic, he was elected Greek ProfelTor; and Bilhop Tanner, Pits, and Bale, tell us, that he was the firll perfon who taught Greek in that Uni- verfity. Indeed Erafmus, in one of his letters to Thomas Linacre, fays : Regnat Crocus in Academia Lipficenfi publicities Gracas dscens hteras. He alfo refided ( III } refided fome time at Lovain, in the fame capacity. In what year he returned to England I know not; but it is faid that he was invited home, was in great favour with the King, and diftinguilhed by the mod learned of the Nobility. In 1522, he was elefted Greek Profeffor and Orator at Cambridge. In 1524, he took his degree of Doctor of Divinity; about which period he was Tutor to the Duke of Richmond, King Henry’s natural fon. He was afterwards fent by his Majefty to confult the Univerfities of Italy concerning his divorce;, and, on his return, in confequence of a preffing invitation, in 1532, went down to Oxford, and was there made one of the twelve Canons of King’s College, then newly founded. Upon that College being converted into a Cathedral, in 1545, he retired to Exeter College, with a fmall penfion, in lieu of his Canonry, where he refided many years a Sojourner. From his Will, it appears that he pofleffed the Hiving of Long Buckby, in Norrhamptonfhire; and that he died in London in the year 1588. He was unqueftionably one of the bell Grecians of his time; much efteemed by Sir Thomas More, and moft other learned men, excepting Leland, with: wham he had frequent acrimonious difputes. He was author of feveral works. His letters from Italy to King Henry VIII: con- K 2 cerning ( 112 ) cerning the divorce, mentioned by Burnet, are extremely curious. Dr. William Buckley, well known for his great proficiency in the Mathematics. Dr. Osmund Lake. Dr. George Day, one of the compilers of the Liturgy. Dr. Nicholas Carre, celebrated for his profound knowledge in Divinity. Thomas Hatcher, the Antiquarian. Dr. Herde, Dr. Guest. Dr. Ward, a Tranilator of the Bible. B. Clerke, well known for his writings againft N. Saunders, the Jefuit. Richard Mulcaster. This learned Philolo- gift performed the talk of life amid the Schools of Science, and penetrated the intricacies of knowledge, only to facilitate the entrance of others. His anceftors were people of opulence in Cumberland, fo far back as the time of William Rufus; in whofe reign it appears, from a pedigree among the uncatalogued MSS. of Dr. Rawlinfon, their chief care was to defend the border counties from the incurfions of the Scots. Dr. Mulcafter was born at Carlille; and being educated on the foundation at Eton, he gained his election to King’s in 1548. He afterwards removed to Oxford, from what reafon does not appear; nor do l ( M3 ) do we find that he made any diflinguifbed figure by his proficiency in the learned languages, either at Eton or Cambridge. He, however, foon became eminent at Oxford, for his fkill in Eaftcrn ■ Literature; for in 1561, for his extraordinary accomplifh- ments in Philology, he was appointed the firft Maf- ter of Merchant Taylors’ School, then juft founded. Of his method of teaching, Fuller quaintly ob- ferves: “ In, a morning he would exadllv and plainly “ conftrue and parce the leffon to his fcholars; “ which done, he flept his hour (cuftom made him “ critical to proportion it) in his defk in the fchool. but woe be to the fcholar that flept the while. u Awaking he heard them accurately; anti Jtropos “ might be perfuaded to pity as foon as he to par- “ don, where he found juft fault. The prayers of “ cockering mothers prevailed with him, as much “ as the requefts of indulgent fathers, rather in-- “ creafing than mitigating his feverity on their of- “ fending children.” Immediately after, however, Fuller adds: “ l hat his fharpnefs was better endured, becauf? “ impartial; and many excellent fcholars were bred “ under him.” In tinis fchool Muleafter fpent 1 near twenty-fix* years of his life in harmlefs drudgery; and though he feems to have keenlv felt the negledt into which his honeft and uieful employment,ha4 follen, he does not K entirely/ ( H4 ) iirely agree with Melanchthon in “ The miferies of Schoohnafters He however complains, in one of his “ Portions, that the teacher’s life wreftles with unthankefullnefle ; and the very acquaintance dying when the childe departs, though with con- feflede defertes and manifefte profit.” Among other excellent fchoJars, who reaped the benefit of Mulcaller’s tuition, was the learned Bi- fhop Andrews; who always retained a very high cfteem for his old matter, and, in every company, placed him on his right hand at table. He alfo many times fupplied his teacher’s wants, had his portrait hung over his ftudy-door, and, in his will, bequeathed a handiome legacy to his fon. Jn 1581, Mulcafter publifhed his Portions and, in the following year, his “ ElementarU a book which, Mr. Warton fays, contains many judicious eiiticifms, and obfervations on the Englilh language. In 1594, he was collated to a Prebendal Stall in the Cathedral of Sarum; and, in 1596) h e refigncd the Matterftiip of Merchant Taylors. The Company preffed him to remain ; but Fuller fays that he anfwered, “ Fidelis [ervus, perpetuus aftnus.” He, however, did leave them; 'and was chofcn upper Matter of St. Paul’s School, where he continued twelve years; and then retired to the * Uttered in a Latin Oration, made by the famous Clearke Philip Melanchthon. Licenfed, Oft. 1596, Ames. rich ( 115 ) rich Redlory of Stanford Rivers in F.fiex, to which he had been inftituted at the prefentation of the Queen. The lofs of an affedlionate wife, with whom he had lived fifty-fix years in uninterrupted felicity, was probably the caufe of his retiring from St. Paul’s; and in two years he followed her to the grave; clofing a life fpent in the purfuit and difFu- fion of knowledge, on the 15th of April, 1611. Mulcafter’s temper was warm, but not bally and though Fuller accufes him of treating his fciio- lars too harfhly, we mull make feme allowance,, when we recoiled! that he was educated under the lame mailer with Afcham, the Hern Udall, whofe feverity, perhaps, he imbibed.. Like Afcham, he was fond of Archery; and was member of a Society of Archers exilling in 1581, who termed themfelves Prince Arthur's Knights. Of Mulcaller we may jullly fay, that he was a Priefl in his own Houfe, as well as in the Temple: he was a warm Protellant, but does not feem to have been engaged in any of the bufy controverfies of the Reformation. Asa Scholar, he ranks high : his Englilh produdlions boall an exuberance of ex- preffion, not often found in the writers of his own day; and his Latin were celebrated in their time. As to his Ikill in the Oriental Languages, we mull, in fome degree, trull to the voice of fame; for the laft ( ”6 ) laft of which, we know, that he was efteemedhy the celebrated Hugh Broughton: Mulcafter ieems to have been early addi&ed to Dramatic Competition ; for his name appears in two entries of Queen Elizabeth’s payments for plays, from the Council Regifters. In 1575, when Elizabeth was on one of her progrefles at Kenilworth, he produced a copy of Latin verles, which were fpoken before her. They were printed in Gafcoytie’s Princely Pleafures of Kenilworth- His verfes to Queen Elizabeth, on her fkill in Mufic, thould by no means be forgotten; they firft appeared in a poem prefixed to a book, intirled, “ Difcantus, Cantiones, &c. Au£t. Thoma Tallis- et Gulielmo Birdo, Anglis,” and are as follows: Regia Majeftas, aetatis gloria noftras, Hanc in deiiciis femper habere folct ;. Nec contenta graves aliorum audire labores, Ipfa etiam egregie voce, manuque canit. In 1581, he publifhed his “ Pojitions 5” and in 1 1582, his “ Elementarie which contain fome peculiarities of fpeliing, and innumerable quaint- netfes of writing, joined to many judicious criticifms on he Englith language. By the fpeliing, he appears frequently anxious to fix the pronunciation of his words; and in fome parts fecins defiruus that words' ( IJ 7 ) words fhould be written as they were fpoken. He lias formed many words from analogy, not to be found in other writers; and.many originals may be found, which our great Lexicographer has either not recorded in his Dictionary, or to which he has given a confined fenfe. Thomas Wylson, D. C. L. This able colleague of Sir Francis Walfingham, in his office of Secretary of State, was a Civilian, and a native of Lincolnfhire. The two fecretaries were educated in the fame Univerfity, and in the fame College. Upon leaving Cambridge, Dr. Wylfon was appointed tutor to Henry and Charles Brandon, fuc- ceflively Dukes of Suffolk. He travelled abroad during the reign of Queen Mary; in the lafl year of which he was imprifoned at Rome, on account of two books which he had publifhed in England, in his own language, upon the arts of Rhetoric and Logic; but luckily efcaped by a fire breaking out in the prifon, the people having forced the door open, and fet free the prifoners *. The acceffion of Queen Elizabeth to the throne, induced him to return to his own country ; when he was appointed one of the Mafters of the Requefts, and Maftcr of the Hofpital of St. Catherine, near the Tower of London. * See his Prologue to the Reader , before his Arte of Rhe * tcrike . London, 1567, 4to, 2nd Edit. In ( ?i8- ) In 1576, his public life may be laid more immediately to have commenced, being then appointed EmbafTador to the Low Countries. His numerous and intelligent letters from Antwerp, to Secretary Walfmgham, on this occafion (all in the Harleian Library), (hew with what indefatigable zeal, yet difcreet caution, he managed the affairs of his Royal Mi ft refs; the principal glory of whofe reign, was the excellent choice fhe generally made of her fer- vants. This muft of courfe be underftood with the exception of her two favourites, Leicefter and Effex. The character which Dr. Wylfon acquired in this EmbaiTy, induced Elizabeth to appoint him, in 1577, Secretary of State, in the room of Sir Thomas Smith, deceafed; and in 1579, he was made Dean of Durham ; which dignity, with the poll of Secretary, he enjoyed till his death. His public merits were, however, too great, to be kept to the dull routine of bulinefs at home. There was hardly a country in Europe, to which' his various Embaffies did not, at one time or other, carry him; and his correfpondence will fhew how completely he was mafter of every fubjedf that employed his attention, and how well he could fathom the defigns and fecret motions of every Court he vilited. In Portugal, he one day reprefented the Queen of England as her Ainbaffador; and the next, in his Civilian’s robes, pleaded fuccefsfully the caufe of her ( 119 ) 3 ier Merchants before the High Tribunal, againft the various oppreflions and extortions to which they were exposed, through the rapacity of the Spaniards and the avarice of the Portuguefe. He was no lefs eminent for his writings in the Latin, as well as in his own language; and united to that Ihrewd comprehenfion, which made him eafily mailer of any bufrnefs, a perfect knowledge of all its forms and routine. He died in 1581. Dr. Thomas Thomas, Author of the Dictionary, lince called Rider’s. Dr. A. Wotton, firft Profeffor of Divinity in Grelham College. Samuel Hieron, a noted Preacher. Dr. Sclater, a learned Divine and Commentator. Elnathan Parr, an indufirious Writer. Dr. Kellet, author of Mfcellanea Sacra. William Whitcock, author of Chr nkon. Dr. Goade (fon of Dr. Goade, Provoft), one •of the Divines fent to the Synod at Dort. Sir Thomas Ridley, wrote on the Eucharift, and Ecclefiaftical Laws, and was efteemed an excellent general Scholar. Dr. Willi am Gouge, was educated at this College; where he was remarkable lor-never ab~ fenting himfelf from public prayers at the Chapel, for nine years together, and conltantly read fifteen chapters in the Bible every day. He was one of ( 120 ) the A (Terribly of Divines, and was chofen with fe- Veral others, by a Committee of Parliament, to write Annotations on the Bible; which are called the Aflembly’s Annotations. He was forty-hve years, as Mr. Granger informs us, the laborious, exemplary, and much loved Mini ft cr, of bt. Anne’s, Blackfriars, in London; where none ever thought or fpoke ill of him, but fuch as were inclined to think or fpeak ill of religion itfelf. He continued to difeharge the duties of his fituation with the fame regularity, for which he was always remarkable, until his death in 1653, at the age of feventy-nine. It appears, from a manufeript note in a copy of Fuller’s Worthies, once in the poffelfion of the late Sir William Mufgrave, Bart, that he refufed the Provoftfhip of King’s, and that he had eight children all grown up. Rev. William Oughtred, Redlor of Ald- bury, in Surry, and generally reputed the greateft Mathematician of his age and country. The bent of his genius feems to have hurried him, with irre- fiftible force, to the ftudy of Mathematics ; though he does not, at the fame time, appear to have been inattentive to the neceffary acquirements in his own profeffion. He was the inventor of many ufeful inftruments, and the author of many excellent tradls on Mathematical fubjedts. But the mafter-piece of all his ., j abours. ( X2I ) labours, is his Clavis Maihematica , which was com- pofed for the life of his Pupil, Lord William Howard, fon of Thomas, Earl of Arundel. Mr. Grange fays, that this work is thought fo perfeft, as fcarce to admit of improvement; and it is certainly no trifling teflimony of its merit, that the genera 1 plan of it has been adopted by Sir Ifaac Newton. He was the fir ft that gave a turn for mathematical ftudies in the Univerfity of Cambridge; and his Clavis was introduced by Dr. Seth Ward, who leSured his pupils in it. He fometimes amufed himfelf with Archery; but his very ftudy feems to have had a good efledd upon his health, as the Mathematics were not only recreation to him, but Epicurifm. He was fprightly and aftive at above eighty years of age; and, according to Mr. Collier, died in an ecftacy of joy, upon hearing of the Reftoration of Charles II. which happened in the eighty-fixth year of his age. William Lisle, a learned Antiquarian. Dr. Wot ton, wrote in defence of the Common Prayer. Edward Waller, fometimes ftyled “ the Englifti Tibullus,” excelled all his predeceffors in harmonious verfification. His Love Verfes have all the elegance and tendernefs of the Roman Poet; and in his famous Panegyric on Cromwell, which L has ( 122 ) has ever been efteemed a mafter-piece of its kind, he has exceeded iiimfelf aimoft as much as the Pio- te&or did other men. His witty reply to Charles II. in regard to this Poem, is well known. The conquers of Chailes were of a very different kind from thofe of Cromwell, and would have made a much worfe figure in verfe. "Waller’s vein of Poetry, obferves Mr. Granger, is never redundant, like that of Cowley; we frequently with that he had faid more, but never that he had faid leis. His perfonal qualities were as engaging as his poetical; and he was equally formed to pleafe the witty and the fair. He not only enjoyed all his faculties, but retained much of his youthful vivacity at eighty years of age. He died October 21, 1687. Dr. L. Rooke, eminent for his knowledge in Mathematics and Aftronomy. Dr. Roger Lupton. Dr. Hatclyffe, well known for his writings againfl Popery. Dr. Benjamin Whichcot. This learned Preacher attained to the fituation of Provoft of this College, at the age of thirty-five ; of which he was a prudent and vigilant Governor. He was univer- fally beloved and rclpected, being a man of great moderation and iweetnefs of temper. His notions of Religion were like his charity, exalted and difFu- five, ( 12 3 ) five, and never limited by the narrow prejudices of fedls and parties. He always encouraged young Preachers to form themfelves after the beft models of Greece and Rome; being much difgufled with that taftelefs dry method of preaching, which prevailed in his time. He was himfelf, indeed, an example of plain and unafledted eloquence, as well as of fincere piety. Mr. Baxter numbers him with the beft and ableft of the Conformifts; and another author fpeaks of Whichcot, Chillingworth, and Cudworth, as men of manly thought, generous minds, and incompa-- rable learning. He died at the houfe of Dr. Cudworth, Mafter of Chrift’s College, in May, 1683, in the fcventy- fourth year of his age. His Funeial Sermon was preached by Dr. Til- lotfon, who, though his friend, is guilty of no ex- aggeration in his character—The firft volume of his Difcourfes was pub'.ilhed, with a Preface, by Anthony, Earl of Shaftefbury, author of the “ Cha- radlcriftics;” the three next by Dr. John Jeffery, Archdeacon of Norwich; and the laft by Dr. Samuel Clarke. He was a very confiderable Benefadfor to the Univerfity of Cambridge. William Bowi.es, author of feveral Poems. Dr, Wittie, M. D. wrote on Mineral Waters, L 2 Dr. ( 124 ) Dr. Thomas Hyde, Archdeacon of Gloucef- ter. This great character is much lefs known than he deferves to be; becaufe the ftudies to which he was principally devoted, are not very generally cultivated. The progrefs which he made in the Oriental Languages, mud: adonifh thofe mod conver- fant with them; notwithdanding he was aided by the powers of genius and inclination, which were materially drengthened by inceffant indudry. Before he attained the age of eighteen, he was lent from Cambridge to London, by the celebrated Adam Wheelock, to affid Mr. Brian Walton, in the great w 7 ork of the Polyglott Bible; and about that period, undertook to tranferibe the Perfian Pentateuch out of the Hebrew characters; which Arch- bidiop Ufher, who well knew the difficulty of the undertaking, pronounced to be an impoffible talk to a native Perdan. After he had happily fucceeded in this, he affided in correcting feveral parts of Mr. Walton’s work, for which he was perfectly qualified. The very catalogue of his learned writings in the A then. Oxon. and the Biographia, is itfelf a curiofity. But of all his works, his “ Religio veterum Perfarum,” is the mod celebrated, and mud ever be edeemed a mod valuable book. The learned and ingenious Dr. Gregory Sharpe, Mader of the Temple, collected feveral of his pieces formerly printed, and republifhed them, with fome ( 125 ) fome additional Differtations, and his Life prefixed, in two volumes, 4to. Dr. Hyde was Archdeacon of Gloucester, Canon of Chrift Church, Head-Keeper of the Bodleian Library, and Profeffor both of Hebrew and Arabic in the Univerfity of Oxford. He was Interpreter and Secretary of the Oriental Languages, during the reigns of Charles II. James II. and William III. He was perfectly qualified to fill this pcft, as he could converfe in the languages which he under- ftood. There never was an Englifhman in his fituation of life, who made fo great a progrefs in the Chi- nefe. Bochart, Pococke, and Hyde, are allowed to have been the greatefl: Orientalifls that any age or nation ever produced. Dr. Hyde’s mind was generally fo much engroffed by his favourite ftudies, that he was but ill qualified to appear to any advantage in common converfation. Pie died February 18, 1702. Dr. John Pearson. This learned Divine, after being Mailer of two Colleges, Margaret Pro- feflbr of Divinity in Cambridge, and enjoying fe- veral other confiderable preferments, though not too many for his merit,' was, on the 9th of Febru- ar y> 1672, conlecrated Bifbop of Chefter. He was not only eminently read in Ecclefiailical Hiilory and Antiquity, and an exact Chronologift, but applied hinifelf alfo to every kind of' learning, which L 3 could ( 126 ) could be thought effential to the proper knowledge and difcharge of his clerical duties. Though his works are not numerous, yet their excellence proves him to have been one of the completes Divines of his age. The chief are his “ Ex- pofition of the Creed,” in Englifh; and his “ Vindication of St. Ignatius’s Epiftles,” in Latin. The former has gone through thirteen editions, and is certainly one of the moll finifhed pieces of Theology in our language. Mr. Granger forcibly fays, It is itfelf a body of Divinity, but not a body without a fpirit. His ftyle is juft, his periods generally well turned, his method exact, and free from thofe errors frequently found in theological compofitions. He died, after having entirely loft his memory, 16th of July, 1686. John Taylor, Tranflator of Valerius Maximus. Dr. Price, Author of the Myftery and Method of the King’s happy Reftoration. Dr. Ghest, a learned Writer againft thePapifts and Puritans. Dr. Fleetwood, Author of the Relative Duties. Henry Jones, Author of an Abridgment of the Philofophical Tranfadtions. Dr. Stanhope, Author of the Paraphrafe, &c. on the Epiftles and Gofpels. Pr. ( 127 ) Dr. Lyttleton, well known as a Preacher and an excellent Poet. Dr. Hall, Editor of Terence. Dr. King, Editor of Euripides. Dr. Andrew Snape, engaged in the control verfy againft the Bilhop of Bangor. Dr. Weston, an eminent Preacher. Dr. Battie, M. D. Editor of Ifocrates. Sir William Temple. This great Statefman and Author, was defeended from a younger branch of a family of the fame name, redding at Temple- Hall, in Leicefterlhire. His grandfather was Secretary to the Earl of Effex, the unfortunate favourite of Queen Elizabeth ; and his father, Sir John Temple, was Matter of the Rolls in Ireland. His great diplomatic abilities procured him conflant employment, always highly to the benefit of his country; but moft particularly fo in the happy con- clufion to which he brought the famous Triple Alliance, between England, Sweden, and Holland. Experience, from that moment to the prefent, has clearly proved that this was the mold prudent, the wifeft, and the moft efficient alliance, ever formed by this Country : but Sir William Temple’s great labours were foon defeated by a fet of men, under the name of the Cabal-, who were as much a difgrace to the Country as Sir William was an honour. 1 hey even had the impudence to folicit him to return to Holland to break that League, vyhich he had ( ^8 ) hat! a little before concluded; but be of couife rejected their requeft with indignation, and preferred retiring entirely from public life into the country, which, to a mind framed like his, had abundance of charms; where he had the honour of rearing, and, in fome degree, bringing forward our great Engliffi Rabelais, Dean Swift ; and where he employed his leifure in writing his excellent “ Obfervations on the United Provinces,” and other elegant works, which were publifhed entire after his death, by Dean Swift. Mr. Granger fays: “ Few authors have been more read, or more “ juftly admired, than Sir William Temple. He “ difplays his great knowledge of books and men, “ in an elegant, eafy, and negligent llyle, much “ like the language of genteel converfation. His “ vanity often prompts him to fpeak of himfelf; “ but he and Montaigne are never more pleafing “ than when they dwell on that difficult fubjeft- “ It is a happy circumflance for his readers, that fo “ polite and learned a writer was alfo a vain one; “ they are great gainers by his foible. He is fome- “ times inaccurate; but his inaccuracies efcape us “ unfeen, or are very little attended to. We can “ eafily forgive a little incorreftnefs of drawing, in, “ the paintings of a Correggio, when there is fo “ much beauty and grace to atone for it.” Thefe encomiums are certainly fubjeCt to fome decuc- ( ^9 ) deduction. His vanity not only often leads him aftray in matter of faft, but prevails upon him often to undervalue things of great moment, and pride himfelf upon conceffions, which were either never made, or if made, of no importance. This is particularly illuftrated by the glaring miftakes he appears to have made, in his Hiftory of one of the Dutch Treaties, refpefting the rights of the Eng- lilh Flag. Sir William Temple certainly, on all occafions, flood very well with himfelf. He died in January, 1698, at the age of feventy. Anthony Collins. This eminent, yet always anonymous, author, of the eighteenth century, was born on the 21ft of June, 1676, and received the early part of his education at Eton, from whence he removed to King’s. Upon leaving Cambridge, he entered a Student of the Temple; but Law not fuiting his fancy, he foon abandoned it; and, in 1 7 00 > appears to have ventured, for the firft time, on the flippery fhore of literary fame, of which he was foon deftined to enjoy an abundant fhare. He was, at this time, in the moft intimate and particular friendlhip with the great Mr. Locke, who always profeffed the higheft regard and efteem for him; and he was alfo well acquainted with Mr. Le Clerc, and moft other of the learned men of his time. In 1715, he retired into Eftex, and continued, for the remainder of his life, to difeharge, in the moft ( 130 ) mofl exemplary manner, the duties of Juftice of the Peace, Deputy Lieutenant, and Treafurer; in the laft of which fituations, his liberality and exertions faved nearly all the poorer tradefmen in the County, who were grievoufly opprefled by a long courfe of mifmanagement, and confequent arrears. Perhaps no author was ever the fubjedt of fo much unjuft feverity and reproachful remark, as Mr. Collins. From the Guardian down to Mr. VVhifton, no exprefiion they could ufe feems to have been thought too harlh > and all this too againft a man, vvho, it is indifputably proved, declared upon his death-bed, what his life had given ample teftimony of, “ That as he had always endeavoured, to the “ beft of his abilities, to ferve his God, his King, “ and his Country, fo he was perfuaded he was “ going to that place which God had deftgned for “ them that love himto which he added, that the Catholic Religion is to love Cod and to love Man\ and advifed fuch as were about him to have a con- ftant regard to thefe principles. But, after all, Mr. Collins was a Free-thinker. His Library, which was a very large and curious one, was open to all men of letters ; to whom he readily communicated all the lights and affiftance in his power, and (it is faid) even furnifhed his antago- nifts with hooks to confute himfelf, and directed them hbw to give their arguments all the force of which they were capable. He alfo avoided all tne ( I 3 I ) indecencies of converfation, and always difcouraged the ieafl tendency to obfcenc difcourfe. He died on ' the 13th of December, 1729. air Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, Knight of the Garter, and Piime iVliniJder to King George the Firft and ."Second. Charles Lord Viicount Tow nshend, Knight of the Garter, and Secretary of State to King George the Firft. Charles Lord Camden, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Martyrs and Confessors. John Fryth. This Martyr to the Protcftant Religi on in the reign of Henry VIII. was the fon of an Innkeeper at Seven Oaks, in Kent, and educated in King’s College, where he took the degree ofBatchtlor of Arts. Being made a Canon of Wcl- fey’s College, at Oxford, he tnere became acquainted with one I'yndile, a zealous Lutheran, whir whom he converted frequently on the abules in religion. Fryth foon became a convert to Lutheranifm ; and, with the rafhnefs too often attendant on the zeal of convidtion, avowed his opinions; in conlequence of which he was apprehended, examined by the Com- miflary, and confined to his College. At length having obtained his liberty, in 152S, he went, to Germany; Germany; from whence, in about two years time, he returned to England, more than ever determined in his religious fentiments. After wandering about from place to place, and finding few affociates, he was at laft taken up at Reading as a vagrant, andfet in the flocks, where he was near expiring for want of fubfiftence ; but was at length relieved by the humanity of Leonard Cox, a Schoolmafler, who finding him a man of letters, procured his enlargement and removed his neceffities. The refllefs fpirit of a Reformer, however, induced Fryth to fet out for London, where, with more zeal than prudence, he began to make profely tes; but being apprehended by the order of the Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More, he was fent to the Tower. It is faid that during his confinement, he had feveral difputes' about the Sacrament with the Chancellor himfelf, and others of high rank, who finding him pofitive in his opinions, referred him to the Biihops affembled in St. Paul’s. Their interrogatories were chiefly concerning the Eucharift and Purgatory; and his arguments were conformable to the dodtrines of Luther, which no perfuafions could prevail upon him to recant. He was, therefore, condemned to the flames, and burnt in Smithfield, on the 4th of July, 1533. Laurence Sanders. Being an exile on account of his religion, in the reign of Henry VIII* the acceffion of Edward induced him to return; when he was accordingly preferred to the Redtory of I f A 'f ' ) V L 0 J I of Allhallows, Bread-ftreet, and foon after made Public Profeffor of Divinity at St. Paul’s. In the next reign, his zeal could not be confined by the Queen’s prohibition; and his venturing to preach in oppofition, brought him to the flake. It is remarkable, that all the Martyrs in this reign died for denying the doctrine of the Real Prefence; which was^ade the tell of what was called Herefy. Robert Glover., burnt at Coventry for his religion. John Hullier, a Martyr in the reign of Queen Mary, on Jefus Green, in Cambridge, for writing an Effay on the Common Prayer. Robert Columbel, ConfefTor. He left the College when a Fellow, not daring to flay, becaufe' Mr. Stokis (the Beadle) had feen a Latin Tellament in his hand. The brazen monument, near the fouth door of the Ante-Chapel, was eredted by him to his brother’s memory, in 1559- Thomas Whitehead, Scholar, and afterwards Pander of the College. When Luther’s Books were fought to be burnt, he kept them clofe for better times. He was a ConfefTor. This numerous yet very imperfedl Lift, of the Eminent Men who finifhed their education in this College, will be bell concluded in the words of Fuller, who fays : “ Behold here the fruitfullnefle of one vineyard; M “ and 66 ( 134 ) “ and yet we have onely gathered the top grapes, “ fuch as were ripeil in parts and higheft in prefer- “ ment!—How many grew on the under boughs, “ which were ferviceable in Church and State?” queews College W; 'S ' ^ * a? - ty Edw Bardin Mar 6Abet Wife of hesht 6 ’ ( * 3-5 ) jHueen’s; College* Queen’s College Is fituated on the river near the King’s Mill; and confifts of two Courts, befides a pile of building near the Gardens. The principal Court is ninety-fix feet long, and eighty- four broad. The fecond Court is furrounded by a Cloifter, about 330 feet in circumference. The Chapel is about, fifty-four feet long, and twenty-pne broad, and is fitted up with, remarkable neatncfs. The Hall is a large room, and is-ornamented with the portraits of the Lady Elizabeth Grey, wife of Edward IV. prcfented to the College by the Lord Grey, eldeft fon of the Earl of Stamford.; of. the learned Defiderius Erafmus, prefented by the EIo- nourable Booth Grey, fecond fon of the fame Earl; and of Sir Thomas Smith, given by the third fon, the Honourable John Grey. The Lodge * is furnifljsd * This College has, within thefe few years, received a noble improvement, by a new and exceedingly grand 'front-next the river. M z_ with. ( J 3' 6 ) with a great number of Portraits of Eminent Perfons. This College was founded in 1448, by Margaret, daughter of Renee, Duke of Anjou, titular King of Sicily and Jerufalem, and the intrepid wife of Henry VI. King of England ; a woman of uncommon beauty, lingular wit, and remarkable maf- culine underftanding, and to whom her hufband was more than once indebted for his throne, and even his life, Sir John "Wenlcck laid the fir ft ftone of the Chapel, April 15, 1448, on which Ire caufed this infcription to be engraved: “• E-rit Dominse noftras Margarctt® Domfaus in “ refugium, et Lapis ifte in lignum,” “ The Lord fhall be a refuge to the Lady Mar- “ garet, and of which this ftone fhall be a wit- “ nefs.” This was a fhcrt time before the feccnd war between the Houfes of York and Lancafter, in which Sir John Wenlcck was killed; King Henry VI. and his Queen, the Foundvefs, defeated, and forced to fly to Scotland for refuge ; and the King at length murdered. Queen Elizabeth, wife of King Edward IV. was fo conflderable a Benefaftrefs, that fhe is annually commemorated as a Co-Foundrefs of the College. Andrew Ducket, a Friar, Reclor of St. Botolph, in Cambridge, and Principal of Bernard Hotel, the foie ( *'37 ) foie procurer- and advancer of this Foundation, was- the firft Matter of this College, in which, ftation he continued forty years; and having the good fortune, to be favoured by both the Houfes of York and Lancafter, he obtained contributions from the Princes of both families; particularly from King Richard, the Third, and Queen Elizabeth, and other noble.. Benefactors, which, enabled him to fmifh.the Col- lege. King Richard’s bsnefaflion alone, if it had not been refunded in the fueceeding reign, by Henry the Seventh, had been an ample provifion for this Society;. for it confifled of all the eftate of John de Vere, thirteenth Earl of Oxford, which was forfeited by his adherence to the Earl of Richmond, afterwards Henry VII. but reftored to the Earl of Oxford on Henry’s mounting the throne.. Other Benefactors were Thomas Barry, a Citizen.! of London, who gave the ground on which the College was built; John Mark, Ladv Jane Burr rough, John Collinfon, John Green, John Alfey, and Lady Wiat, who founded each a Fellowfhip; John Drewell, Canon of St. Paul’s, London, founded two Fellowflups; John Darby founded one Fellowfhip ; and Lady Margery Rofs founded the five fenior Divines Fellowfhips. George, D.uke of Clarence, Cicely, Duchefs of York, Richard III. and Lady Anne, his wife, Edward, Earl of Salifbury, Maud, Countefs of Oxford, Marmaduke Lundy, M 3' Bllhop ( *'3 8 ) Bifhop of Lincoln, Andrew Ducket, Mailer, Hugh Trotter, D. D. William Weld, Sir Thomas Smith, Henry Wilfhaw, Dr. Stokes, Henry Hallings Earl of Huntingdon, John Jocelyn, George Mountain, John D’Avenant, and David Hughes, are alfo in the lift of conftderable Benefaflors, The greateft beauty of this College is its Grove and Gardens; which, lying on both fides of the river, are connected with each other, and the College, by two bridges of wood. The ftruchire of one of the bridges is curious, being built of one arch upon piers of ftone. The Gardens are very extenftve and Well planted with fruit, and adorned with rows of elms and fine walks. Bishops and eminent Men. John Fisher, Bifhop of Rochefter, 1504, iotfi Henry VII. This learned Prelate was born at Beverley, in the. year 1459, and educated in the Collegiate Church of that place ; from whence he was not removed to Cambridge till the age of twenty- five. He became eminent as a Divine foon after taking orders; and having attracted the notice of the pious Margaret, Countefs of Richmond, mother of Henry the Seventh, he had the honour of being appointed her Confeftbr and Chaplain. In ( *39 ) In 1501, he took the Degree of Doctor in Divinity ; and the fame year was eledted Vice-Chancellor of the Univerfitv. In the year following he was appointed Lady Margaret’s firft Divinity Profeffor, and, in 1504, confecrated' Bifhop of Rochefter; which ftnall Bifhopric he would never refign, though lie was ofFered both Ely and Lincoln. In the Dedication, of his Book againft CEcoIam- padius, to Fox, Bifhop of Winchefter, he gives the following reafons for his conduit : “ Habeant licet alii proventus pinguiores; ego ta- “ men interim ianciores animarum curam gero, adco “ ut quum utrorumque ratio reddenda fuerii , quod et “■ propedicm- baud dubie futurum eji, nec pilo meam “ fortem optari uberiorem The foundation of the. two Colleges of Chrift Church and St. John’s, in Cambridge, may certainly, in a great meafure, be afcribed to Bilhop Fifher’s perfuafion and influence with the Countefs of Richmond. He not only formed the defign, but anxioufly fuperintended the execution. On the. promulgation of Martin Luther’s doctrine, ' Fiflier was the firft to enter the lifts in oppo- fltion to this daring. Reformer; and, on this occa- fion,.in addition to all his official influence, exerted himfelf by. the publication of the famous Book, by which Henry- VIII. obtained, the title of Defender of the Faith. Luther’s revolt has generally been attributed to the ( HO } the fcandalous fale of Indulgences, which- had got to fuch a pitch, that Iccellius, a German Monk,, who retailed them out by the Pope’s authority, boafted that his commiffion was of fuch extent, that , if a man had even ravifhed the Virgin Mary, money would procure him a pardon. Hitherto Bilhop Fifher had continued in high favour with the King; but, in 1527, oppofmg his Divorce, and denying his Supremacy, the vengeful Henry determined, and finally effected his deftruc- tion. In 1534, he was convidled, by the High Court of Parliament, of mifprifion. of treafon, for concealing certain prophetic fpeeches of a fanatical impoftor, called, the Holy Maid of Kent. The r eal name of this woman was Elizabeth Barton: fhe pretended to have vifions from Heaven, by which fhe was informed, that if the King continued to favour the Reformation, he would not reign feven months. It is certain that Fifher gave ear to her nonfenfe, for he confeffed that he was impofed upon. He was condemned, with five others, in lofs of goods and imprifonment, during the King’s pleafure; but was releafed on paying 300/. for the royal ufe. Henry having at laft. accompliihed his objedt, and married Ann Boleyn, his obedient Parliament took the oath, of allegiance prefcribed on the occafion. Bilhop Fifher, however, ftrenuoufly refufed, maintaining that he was not convinced that the King’s firft ( H 1 ) firft marriage was againft the law of God. For this contumacy he was attainted by the Parliament, of 1534., and committed to the Tower; where, notwithstanding very cruel treatment, he might have probably died a natural death, if the Pope had not honoured him with a Cardinal’s Hat. Henry, who has been juftly characterised, by one cf our historians *, as a King with the Pope in his Billy, now positively determined on his deftrudhion; for which purpofe he fent Rich, his Solicitor-General, under a pretence of confulting the Bilhop on a cafe of confcience, but in reality with a deiign to draw him into a converfation concerning the Supremacy. The good old Bifhop fpoke his mind without fufpicion or referve; and an indictment and con- vidtion for high treafon was the inevitable confe- quence. He was beheaded on Tower-Hill, on the 22d of June, 1535, in the Seventy-Seventh year of his age. Thus ended the haralTed life of this learned and honelt Prelate, who, notwithstanding his inflexible opposition to the Reformation, is undoubtedly, in a high degree,, deferving of refpect for his piety, integrity) and learning. His works, befides Several other fmall tradts, were printed at W mtzburg, in l 595 > in one folio volume. dhere is.a Latin Life of Bilhop Fi/her, among * Nat. Bacon. Baker’s ( M2 ) Baker’s MSS. in the Harleian Library. Though written in Baker’s own hand, it does not appear that lie was the author. On the infide of the back of the volume, are written the following lines by Mr. Baker: Tene viri tanti cervicem abfcindere poffe ? Tene cruore pio commaculare manus ? Si vita fpolias Roffenfem, barhare, quando Uilara producet terra Britanna parem ? Sed tu, fanfte fenex, aevo fruiture beato, Laetus abi in cctlura—-te vocat ipfe Deus. Near the bottom of the page, a little below, are the two following lines, which it does not diftindlLy appear whether Mr. Baker intended to apply to Bi- fhop Fifher or not. Purpura mi nocuit; nocnit quoque libera lingua ; Dum regis Thalamum damno, fub enfe cado. William Glynn, Bifhop of Bangor, 1 555> 3 d Mary. William Chadderton, Bifhop of London, 1579, 21 ft Elizabeth. William Cotton, Bifhop of Exeter, 1.598) 40.h Elizabeth. John Jegon, Bifhop of Norwich, 1602, 45 ^ Elizabeth. JofiS ( *43 ) John D’Avenant, Bifliop of Sarum, 1621, 19th James I. John Towers, Bifliop of Peterborough, 163s 1 , 4th Car. I. Anthony Sp avion, Bifhop of Norwich, 1676, 28th Car. H. Simon Patrick, Bifliop of Ely, 1691, 3d William and Mary. Richard Whyteforde. This learned tran- ilator of Monkifli nonfenfe, was moft probably a native of Flintlhire. Wood fays that he received part of his education at Oxford, and afterwards became a Fellow of Queen’s. About the latter end of Henry the Seventh’s reign, he was made domef- tic Chaplain to Fox, Bifliop of Winchefter-; and appears, at nearly the fame time, to have been intimate with Sir Thomas More, who was then a young man. Whyteforde, from what caufe is not difcovered, at laft determined to feclude himfelf entirely from the world; having fhut himfelf up in the Convent of Sion, near Brentford, in Middlefex, and there become a Monk of the Order of St. Bridget; and where he feems to have devoted himfelf to the amufe- ment and edification of the Nuns, in tranflatipg “ St. Auftin’s Rule ,” and “ Bonaventure his Lef- fws,” into Englifh. When the Monaftery of Sion, and the eftablifli- ment of Nuns, with fimilar Religious Houles, were . demo- \ ( H4 ) demoMicd or converted to more adlive purpofes, Whyteforde was received * by one William Mont- joy, who made him Confeffor to his family. It appears, from the Epiftles of Erafmus, that Whyteforde had the honour of being numbered among the acquaintance of that great man. He died about the end of the reign of Henry VIII. Sir Thomas Smith. This eminent Scholar and diftinguifhed Statefman, was born at Saffron Walden, in Effex, about the year 1514. At the age of thirteen f, he was fent to Queen’s College, of which he was chofen a Fellow in 1531. His uncommon attainments and lingular diligence in the ftudy of the learned languages, procured him, in 1535, the appointment of King’s Greek Profeffor; and the following year he was made Univerfity Orator. The Greek language was, at this time, but in its infancy at the Univerfities; and the pronunciation, of courfe, extremely defedlive ; which the Profeffor, with the affiftance of Mr. (afterwards Sir John) Cheke, determined to reform. They met with forne difficulties from Gardiner, then Chancellor of the Univerfity; but at laft fucceeded to the utmoft of their defires. This memorable conteft was finally fettled by two mafterly publications, written by thefe two learned * Bale, ix. jj. f-Strype’s Life. men. ( 145 ) men. Sir Thomas Smith’s was entitled, “ De retfa et emendata lingua Graca prontinciatione and Sir John Cheke’s, u De P ronunciatiane Graca." Afcham called thefe two learned men, “ The “ liars of the Univerfity of Cambridge, who “ brought Ariflotle, Plato, Tally, and Demof- “ thenes, to flourifh as notably as ever they did in “ Greece and Italy.” In the year 1539, Sir Thomas Smith commenced his travels; for a very different purpofe to what actuates the greater part of modem travellers, viz. to vifit foreign Univerfities in fearch of knowledge. At Padua, he devoted himfelf to the frudy of Civil Law, and received the degree of Dodfor in that faculty. He returned to Cambridge, after fome years fpent in France and Italy, with the reputation of an univerfal fcholar; and, in 1542, was made King’s Profeffor of Civil Law, and very foon afterwards Chancellor of the Diocefe of Ely. The fuccefs which his efforts to improve the Greek language had met with, determined Mr. Smith to attempt to polifh that of his native country; which he did, by publifhing a very mafterlv treatife on the fubjedf, entitled, “ De redfa et emendata Linguae Anglicae Scriptione.” He muff, at this time, have been in Deacon’s Orders; for he obtained the Redlory of Leverington, in Chefhire, and the Deanery of Carlifle. On the acceffion of Edward VI. Mr. Smith ra- N pidly (' *46 ) pidly advanced from a private ftation to the Important office of Secretary, of State. But die kindnefs of the Lord Prote£ior, Some.rfet, did not ttop there. He took Mr. Smith into his family, made him one of the Matters of Requefls, Provoft of Eton College, Steward of the Stannaries, and, in 1458, he received the honour of Knighthood. This conduit does honour to the Lord Protedtor, as the objedl of his favour does not feem to have had any filtered: or recommendation beyond his own merit. In the fame year he was fent Embaflador, with Mr. Thomas Chamberlavne, to Bruffels; and, in 155 r, went in the fame capacity to Paris, to treat about the marriage of Edward VI. with the eldeft daughter of the French King. Sir Thomas Smith was now doomed to undergo a reverie of fortune. The amiable young Edward died in the year 1553; and one of the firtt afts of Mary’s reign was to deprive him of his office and preferments, and ifl'ue an order that he lhould not leave the kingdom. He had, notwithttanding, the prudence and ad- drefs to obtain an annual pentton of 100/. and was fheltered by one William Smythwick, who had obtained an indulgence from the Pope, for himfelf and any five of his friends and their children, and out of which number he chofe Sir Thomas Smith one. On the acceflion of Elizabeth, Sir Thomas’s fortunes appear, in a conliderable degree, to have revived. ( H7 ) vivcd. He was fent for to Court, and his Deanery reftored to him. He alfo went Embaffador tc> France in 1559, and again in 1562; and in 1564, concluded a peace with that kingdom. He returned to England in 1566, and the year following went again Embaffador to demand the reftitucion of Calais. On his return he conceived fome difguff againfi the intrigues of the Court, and retired to his feat in Eifex;. where he exerted himfelf as a very adlive Juftice of the Peace, particularly in detecting and puni thing Witches. Sir Thomas Smith’s voluntary ruflication, did not continue very long;, for we find him at Court, in X57 r, a Privy-Counfellor, and affiftant Secretary of State. All his learning could not protedl him Egainft being the dupe of one Medley, in a foolifli project of tranfmiiting iron into copper, by means of vitriol, which proved very expenfive and unfuccefs- fuL It ought not, perhaps, to excite much wonder, that in the infancy of Chemiftry, Sir Thomas and his friends—for he had feveral illuftrious afi'o- ciates—Ihouid be thus grofsly deceived. In 1572, he again vifited France, to negotiate an alliance offenfive and defenfive with that kingdom. During his abfence, he was made Chancellor of the Order of the Garter; and, on his return to England, he had the honour to fill, a fecond time, the pod of Secretary of State. He died at his feat, called Hill ifatl, in Eifex, in the year 1577, in.the fixty-third N- '2. year. ( H8 ) year of his age, and was buried in the Church of Theydon Mount. Sir Thomas Smith was unquefHonably a man of genius, of great application, and ability, in bufinefs. He was both an excellent Jurift and a Mathemati- .cian, and perfedt mafter of five languages. He af- pired too much to univerfal learning, as is exprefied in thele lines at the top of his monument: What earth, or fea, or fkies contain. What creatures in them be, My mind did feeke to know ; My foul, the heavens continualiie. His belief in the tranfmutation of metals, and pro- fecution of old women for witchcraft, are no great proofs of found philofophy. Neverthelefs, he was an able and well-informed Statefman, and an honed: man. His Treatife on the Commonwealth of England is a valuable performance, and difplays deep and accurate refearch in our early hifiory. It was written both in Latin and Englifh. Strype * fuppofes the “ Device for the Alteration and Reformation of Religion ,” printed among the records at the end of Bilhop Burnet’s Hifiory of the Reformation, to have been drawn up by Sir Thomas. Desiderius Erasmus, the mofi learned man of his age, and whofe life and character, are too * Annals of the Reformation. well ( 149 - ) Well known to require more particular mention here, was made a Member of this College during his re-> fidence in England.—-See his Life, publilhed by Dr. Jortin, i vol. 4to. 1758. Thomas New eon, a Latin Poet, a Divine,- a Schoolmafter, and a Phyfician. He was born at' Prelbury, in Chefliire, and received the rudiments ■ of his education at Macclesfield, in the fame-county, under Brownfwerd, a SehoolmaAer of confiderable fame. Newton through life retained fo great a regard for the memory of his old rnafter, that in the Church of Macclesfield, where he is buried, he ereited a monument over his tomb, with an infcripv tion, which concludes with thefe lines: Alpha Poetarum, Coryphaeus Grammaticorum*. Flos Pedagogain, hac lepelitur humo- In his Encomia, fpeaking of Brownfwerd, he fays %- Rhetora, Grammaticum, Pelyhiftora, teque poetan* Qui n«gat j ,is lippus, lufcus, obefus, iners. From Brownfwerd’s fchool he went, for a fhort time, to Oxford *, but foon removed to Queen's College, Cambridge; where he acquired the reputation of an excellent Latin Poet. This, in all probability, procured him the patronage of the munifi- * Athen, Oxon Vol, I, Col. 337. N 3 cent ( * 5 ° ) cent Robert, Earl of Effex, through whofe influence he was eledted Mailer of the Grammar School at Macclesfield. It appears that, at this time, he pradlifed Phyfic, and was very probably in Orders; as he was afterwards prefented to the living of Little Ilford, in Effex, where he alfo taught a fchool, and continued his practice of Phyfic with confiderable luccefs ; as he died poffeffed of a confiderable eftate, in the year 1607, and was buried in his own Parilh Church, to which he bequeathed a legacy for the purchafe of certain ornaments. Thomas Fuller. The laborious, acute, and amufing hillorian of the Univerfity to which he was an honour, was born at Alvinkle, near Oundle, in Northamptonlhire, in the year 1608. After ftu- dying at Queen’s College, and taking his degrees, his dillinguifhed merit procured him the appointment of Minifter of St. Bennet’s, in Cambridge; and Avhen only twenty-three years old, he was made Prebend ol Salifbury. He was no long time afterwards appointed to the Redlory of Broad Windfor, in Dovfetthire, and Lecturer at the Savoy, in London. On the Covenant’s being enforced, he retired to Oxford; and, in a fhorttime, joined the Royal Forces with Sir Ralph Hopton. He officiated as Chaplain to the Army, and underwent all the fatigues incident upon a civil war. After the death of Charles I. lie was lucky enough to procure the living of Waltham Abbey; and upon the Refto.ration, recovered his ( «5 X ) his Stall at Salifbury, was made Chaplain extraordinary to his Majefly, and created Doftorin Divinity. His memory was fo uncommonly tenacious, that •he could repeat a Sermon verbatim after once hearing it; and even in the latter period of his life, when the retentive faculties are generally, in a great degree, impaired, he undertook to tell, on his return, after palling to and from Temple-Bar to the Poultry, every fign as it flood in order on both fides of the way, repeating them both backwards and forwards, which he actually performed. In 1651, he publilhed his “ Abel Redivivusf containing the lives of about 160 Divines. It is the fuff biographical volume publilhed in the Englifh language. “ The Worthies of England ,” in a thick folio volume, was publilhed after his death, by his fon, in 1662. He was alfo author of feveral other well-known works. In the opinion of the beft critics, his Church Hijiory is the rnoft erroneous; the Pifgah Sight the moft exa£t; and his Hijiory of the Worthies the moft eminent. His accounts of authors are generally taken from Bale and Pits; but his natural propenftty to be witty is fo extremely prevalent, that he feems to have wilhed rather to make his readers merry than wife. For inftance, he fays of Sutton, the Founder of the Charter-Houfe, “ That he had great length in “ his extraction, breadth in his eftate, and depth in “ his liberality.” 1 0 his Hiftory of the Univerflty of Cambridge, this ( * 5 * ) this work is considerably indebted. He died in i66i, and was interred at Cranford, his funeral being attended by above 200 Divines- This College conhiis of a Prefident,. 20'Fellonv 4.5. Scholars, and 8 Exeiibkioners; in the. whale,,, about bo. Vifitor, the iving. CATHERINE HALL RoeTWoodlark s.tjp *£(M. by. clus, Ha,rd,7sut &S I'aZfyMaZl/. HP r«TalsB8g8fl >«w ; EDg'OlItjMl ( *53 ) ♦ Catharine Hall is fituated between Queen’s College on the weft, and Trompington- ftreet on the eaft. The principal front is on die weft, oppollte to Queen’s, and is one of die moft extenfive and regular in the Univcrfity. The entrance ©f the College on this fide, is through a covered arch or portico, that leads into a court, about 180 feet long, and 120 broad. The Chapel, on the north fide of the court, is a fine piece of architecture, built chiefty of brick ; but the door-cafe, window-frames, and coins, of ftone. This Chapel, including the Ante-Chapel, is about feventy-five feet long, thirty broad, and thirty- fix in height, finely beautified and adorned; and in the Ante-Chapel is a noble monument of white marble, eredted by Sir VViiliam Dawes, Archbifhop of York, in memory of his Lady. The Hall is about forty-two feet long and twenty- four broad, and of a proportionable heighth, elegantly ftuccoed; over this and the Combination- Room, ( *54 I Room, is the Library, fitted up at the expence of Dr.. Thomas Sherlock, late Bifhop of London, who bequeathed to the College his large and valuable Library, and a ftipend for a Librarian. - The Mailer’s Lodge is a fpacious lofty building; and with the additional building by Mrs. Ramfden, extending as far to the eaftward as the Chapel, forms, the fouth fide of the Court, winch being opened towards Trompington-fireet, -with iron palifadoes and a fpacious area of ground planted with elms, is of confiderable ornament to the town. This College was founded, in 1475, by Dr. Richard Woodlark, who obtained a licence from King Edward IV. for that purpofe. Dr. Woodlark was bom at Wakerly, near Stanford, in Northamptonihire; and being the lafi foundation Fellow, and third Provo ft of King’s College, purchafed four tenements in Mill-ftreet, whereon th is Hall was built, for one Mafter and three Fellows ; dedicating it to St. Catharine, the Virgin and Martyr *. “ This may be termed,” fays Fuller, “ aula hello. “ (ii not a proper) - 3 . pretty halt, even by die con- “ feflion ot the Poet, fo ethical in the word : Sed qui bellus homo, Cotta, pafiilus homo f. * The Membersof this Hall are jocularly called Catharine Puritans, from jCcSaijw. •f Martial, lib.' i. Epigram 10. What What thing is in itfelf but fmail That Cotta, we do pretty call. “ And the beholding of this houfe, mindeth me of what Sir Thomas More writeth of a fhe- “ favourite of King Edward IV. as to this particular “ conformity betwixt them (otherwife far be it from me to refemble.this Virgin Hall to a wanton wo- “ man), namely, that there was nothing in her “ body one could have changed, except one would “ have wifhed her lomewhat higher. Lownefs of “ endowment, and littlenefs of receit, is all that can be “ cavilled at in this foundation; otherwife propor-. “ tionably moft complete in Chapel, Clobbers, Li- “ brarv, Hall, &c. Indeed this houfe was long “ tmn-bcund (which hindered the growth thereof), “ tiil Dr. Goflin, that good Phyfician, cured it of “ that difeafe, by giving the Bull-Inn thereunto ; fo “ that it hath fince flouriflied with buildings and “ Students, lately more numerous than in greater “ Colleges.” The Lift of Benefadbors to this College, is very numerous. Among the principal, are Ifabella, the Founder’s filler; Lady Elizabeth Barnardifton ; Sir Charles Bolis, Bart.; Edwyn Sandys, Archbifhop of York; Overall, Bifhop of Litchfield; Brownrig, Bilhop of Exeter; John Lightfoot, S.T.P.; Sir Thomas Rookby, one of the Judges of the Corn- Won Pleas; Dr, Addenbrooke; Archbifhop Dawes; Dr> ( xi6 ) Dr. Sherlock ; Queen Anne, who annexed the Prebend of Norwich to the College; Dr. Crofs, and Dr. Hubbard, Matters; Mrs. Mary Ramfden, of Norton, in Yorkfhire, who left a confiderable eftate for fini filing the building oppofite the Chapel, and for founding fix Fellowfliips and ten Scholarlhips; and Dr. Thomas Sherlock, Bifhop of London. Bishops and eminent Men. William Foster, Bifhop of Sodor and Man. Edwyn Sandys, Archbifhop of York, the fon of William Sandys, of Hawk (head, in Lancafhire, Efq. was born in the year 1519. He was educated in Cambridge, and took his degrees in Arts in 1539- In 1542, he was Junior Prodfor of the Univerfity. About the year 1557, was Hefted Matter of Catharine Hall ; and, in 1548, obtained the Vicarage of Haverfham; and not long after was made Prebendary of Peterborough, and alfo of Carlifie. Upon the death of King Edward VI. Dr. Sandys being Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge, and a zealous Protettant, preached a Sermon, by order of the Duke of Northumberland, in favour of Lady Jane Grey’s title to the throne. In the fhort interval of two days, he was ordered, by this ambitious and verfatile Duke, to proclaim Queen Mary, which he ttrenu- ( l S7 ) Arenuoufly refufed ; and was, therefore, deprived of all his preferments, and fent prifoner to the Tower of London. Having differed near a year’s impri- fonment, he obtained his freedom through the inter- ceffion of Sir Thomas Holcroft, Knight-Marfhal, when he had the prudence to fly to Germany; where he continued, with other exiles, until the acceflion of Queen Elizabeth recalled them to their native country. Scarcely had he arrived in England, when honours began to crowd fall upon him; being appointed one of the nine Difputants before the Parliament, one of the Commiflioners for preparing m* Form of Prayer, and, in 1559, fucceeded Grindal! as Bifhop of Worcefter. The high reputation he had acquired for his knowledge of oriental languages, occafioned his being one of thofe appointed to give a new tranflation of the Bible; and, in 1570, he was confecrated Bifhop of London. Being ordered by the Queen, in the following year, to aflifl f he Archbifhop of Canterbury in the commiffion againft Papifls and Puritans, he exerted himfeir againft them with the mod unrelenting feverity. In 1576, he,was made Archbifhop of York; where his ftern and unyielding fpirit of perfection procured him many enemies, and involved him in numberlefs difficulties. Notwithftanding the character which the Arch-, bifliop had always bore as a pious godly man, a O mod < * 5 8 ) mofl awkward occurrence happened to him at an jnn in Doncafter, while vifiting his diocefe, in the year 1582; being caught in bed with the innkeeper’s wife by the hufband. The Archbilhop, though in fa£t innocent, yet to hufh up the affair, bribed the parties to fecrecy with a confiderable fum of money; but being at length difgufted with the frequent repetition of their exorbitant demands, divulged the matter to the Lords of the Council. Upon the confpirators being fummoned before the Star-Chamber, it appeared, from the confefhon of the innkeeper and his wife, that {he went privately to the Bi (hop’s bed when he was afleep, in confequence of a plot contrived by Sir Robert Stapylton, who had received fome affront from the Archbifhop; that Stapylton being in the inn at the fame time, was, as had been preconcerted, called by the hufband together, with one Alexander, as witneffes to the fadi; and that Stapylton perfuaded his grace to filence them with divers fums of money. Stapylton was imprifoncd three years, and fined 1000/. The reft were condemned to hand in the pillory, and Alexander to lofe his ears. This was thought pretty conclufively to eftablifh the Archbi- {hop’s innocence Fuller fays, that this Prelate was “ An excellent 4 ‘ painsfull Preacher, and diftinguifhed for his pious * See Le Neve’s Life of Sandy*. “ godly ( *59 ) “ godly life, which increafed with his old age ; fo “ that, by a great and good (lride, whilft he had “ one foot in the grave, he had the other in Hea- “ ven.” It is very evident, however, that, partly owing to the intolerance of his difpofition, and the temper of the times, he lived a life of continued perplexity and contention. He died on the loth of July, 1588, in the fixty-ninth year of his age; and was buried in the Collegiate Church of Southwell, where a monument was eredled to his memory. John Mev, Mailer, Bilhop of Carlifle, 1577, 19th Elizabeth. John Overall, Mailer, Bifhop of Litchfield, Coventry, and Norwich, 1614, 12th James I.— Sir Fulke Greville, who was well acquainted with Dr. Overall’s learning and merit, recommended him to Queen Elizabeth, as a proper perfon to fucceed Dr. Nowell in the Deanery of St. Paul’s, to which he was eledled in May, 1602. In 1614, he was promoted to the Bifhopric of Litchfield and Coventry; from whence he was tranllated to Norwich, and died within a year afterwards, being the 12th of May, 16x9. He was one of the tranflators of the Bible, and publilhed the “ Convocation Book.” Camden, in. his Annals, calls him a prodigious learned man; and Fuller fays, he had a llrong brain to improve hia O 2 great ( *6o ) great reading. He was accounted one of the moft learned controverfial Divines of his Day. Ralph Brown.rig, Mafter, Bifhop of Exeter. This Prelate was Mafter of Catharine Hall, and long efteemed one of the greateft ornaments of his time to the Univerftty. A fhort time previous to the breaking out of the Civil War, his diftinguithed merit procured him the See of Exeter; but upon that lamentable event happening, he was doomed to be a Jeep fharer in every calamity which fucceeded. He luckily found an afylum, in his greateft diftrefs, in the family of Thomas Rich, of Sunning, in. Bcrkihire, Efq. by whom he was moft hofpitably entertained and generoufly protected. His Sermons, which are generally efteemed the beft of this period, received great addition in delivery, from the remarkable dignity of his perfon, the elegance of his behaviour, and the juftnefs of his- elocution. Dr. Birch * fays, that Archbifhop Til- lotfon, on his firft coming to London, cultivated the acquaintance of this learned Prelate, and formed bimfelf by his preaching and example. Offspring Blackall, Bifhop of Exeter, 1707, 5th Anne. Sir William Dawes, Mafter, Archbifhop of York, was born in September, 1671, and received the * Life of Tilletfon, $. 16, td Edit. ( i6i ) the early part of his education at Merchant Taylor’s School. Before the age of fifteen, he was diftin- guiihed as a good Claffic and Hebrew Scholar; partly owing to the excellence of the Mailers in that noted Seminary, and partly to the attention of Dr. Kidder, Bifhop of Bath and Wells. He firfl entered at St. John’s, Oxford; but foot* afterwards removed to Catharine Hall. He was al-. ways of a ferious and devout temper of mind, with a true fenfe and love of piety and religion, and feem- ed peculiarly fitted for a clerical life. He was ordained, by Dr. Compton, Bifhop of London; and, in 1696, made Mafler of Catharine Hall. He contributed moil liberally to the fitting up the Chapel; nothing but the mere Ihell being eredted when he was made Mafler. He was Vice-Chancellor of the Univerfity; and, in 1707, made Bifhop of Cbef- tcr, by Queen Anne. In 1713, he was tranflated. to York, which he furvived ten years; dying on the ; 30th of April, 1724, and was buried in the Chapel ol Catharine Hall. He was a fine, fcholav, pof- felfed a lively imagination, a Ilrong memory, and. found judgment; and, it is faid, was never in a paf- lion during his whole life. In the Houfe of Lords, lie always {poke on the Tory fide of the queflion. His works were publifhed in three volumes, Svo. John Leng, Bifhop of Norwich, 1723, 10th. Geo. I, 0 3 Samuel ( i6z ) Samuex. Bradford, Bifhop of R©cheft*r, 3723, 9th Geo. I. Dr. Benjamin Hoadley, Bifhop of Bangor, Hereford, Salifbury, and Winchefter, was born in the year 1676. He received that part of his education, conne&ed with the Univerfity, at Catharin* Hall; where he gave early promife of the eonfpicu- •us figure he was deftined to make. In 1706, he firfl: became known to the public, by publilhing- feme remarks on Dr. Atterbury’s Sermon,, preached' at the funeral of Mr. Bennett; in which the latter had laid down fome very dangerous propofitions, as 1 they appeared to Dr. Hoadley. Two years after, he again entered the lifts with his formidable antagonift; and in his exceptions againft a Sermon, publifhed by Atterbury, intitled,- “ The Power of Charity to cover Sin,” he attacked the Doftor with that ftrength of reafoning and' difpaffionate inquiry, peculiar to himfelf. In the year 1709, Mr. Hoadley’s tradt, intitled, “ The Meafures of Obedience,” produced another trial or Ikill between thefe two learned champions; Dr. At- terbury having laboured much to confute fome of Mr. Headley's pofitions, in his elegant Latin Sermon preached before the London Clergy. The fame which Mr. Hoadley gained in thi? conteft, procured him a mod fingular mark of honour ; the Houfe having exprelfcd, in very ftrong terms? e ^3 ) terms, in an Addrefs to the Queen, the fervices fie had done the caufe of Civil and Religious Liberty. The general temper of the times, however, was not exaflly fuited to Mr. Hoadley’s way of thinking ; and he was,, confequently, fubjedl to all the virulence of party rage. About this period, 1710, a very lingular event happened to him. The late Mrs, Howland^ un- afked, unapplied' to, without ever having feen Mr. Hoadley, or been feen by him, prefented him with the Redlory of Streatham, in Surry; and this at a time, as he himfelf fays, when fury, itfelffeemed to be let loofe upon him. In 1717, fome opinions which he advanced concerning the nature of Chrift’s Kingdom, again ex- pofed Mr. Hoadley to the fury of popular clamour. The interference of royal influence,- however,, fliielded him from the rnoft hazardous tribunalthe Convocation being fucceffively prorogued, until the fury of refentment had fubfided; Bifliop Hoadley’s “ Plain Account of the Sacrament,” which his adverfaries fo ffrenuoufly attempted to turn againft himfelf, is written in a clear,, rational,, and manly manner; with equal judgment and candour, and fuited to every capacity. His. Sermons, which are inferior to few in the Englilh language, have been always admired for their plaints, perfpicuity, energy, and ftrength of reafoning. His ( 164 ) I.Irs ftyle is free and mafterly, and always well fuited to tlie fubjecf. In private life he was facetious, eafy, and complying ; always fond of company, but never permitted it to interfere with his hours allotted to devotion or lludy. He ufed to fay, that he was happy everywhere ; and particularly in his own family,- in which he paffed almoft the whole of his"time. Dr. Thomas Sherlock, Bilhop of Bangor, 1727, 12th Geo. I.; tranflated to SalifDury, 1734, "th Geo. II.; and to London, 1748, 21ft Geo. II. —This learned and exemplary Prelate was born in the year 1678, and finifhed his education at Catharine Hall, of which he became Maher. Upon bis father’s refigning the high and dignified lituation of Mailer of the Temple, he was appointed to fucceed him ; and it is not a irttle lingular, that it was held- by father and fon together upwards of feventy years. Dr. Sherlock was at the head of the oppofition againll Bilhop H.oadley, and publilhed many trails on the fubjeih He alfo attacked, in fix Sermons, preached at the Temple, Mr. Anthony Collins’s “ Grounds and Reafons of the Chriftiau Religion.” In 1747, he was offered the Ar.chiepifcopal See of Canterbury, which his ill health compelled him decline; though it did not prevent him from preparing four volumes of Sermons for publication^ which ( *65 ) which are not to be excelled in ingenuity and efe- gancc. On occafion of the earthquake in 1750, Bifhop Sherlock publilhed an excellent Paftoral Letter to the Clergy and Inhabitants of London and Weft- minfter; of which, it is faid, no lefs than one hundred and five thoufand copies were fold'. He died,, very generally lamented, in 1762, leaving a fortune of 150,000/. He bequeathed the whole of his moll valuable library to Catharine Hall; and left legacies to the amount of feveral thoufand pounds, for founding a Librarian’s place and Scholarfhip. Dr. Christopher Wilson, Bifhop of Briflol, Geo. III. Dr. John Hoabiy, Archbifhop of Armagh. Dr. Thomas, Bifhop of Lincoln. Dr. John Hutchinson, Bifhop of Down and Connor. This Bifhop was the laft author who troubled himfelf, on either fide, with the marvellous and improbable ftory of Pope Joan *having tacked a Diflertation on the fubjedt, by way of Poftfcript, to a Sermon, preached on the 5th of November, DS 1 ! to which it does not appear that her ftory has any fort of relation. This occafioned the following ftanza by fome Irifh wit: • Vide Granger, vol. i. chapi .iv, p. 41, God's it ( 166 ) God’s bleffing be upon his heart *,’* Who wrote the book of witches, And proved Joan in petticoats, The fame with John in breeches. The fon of this Bifiiop was unfortunate in his courtfhip, and gave occafion to the well-known tale of the Squire and the Apple-Pie. Dr. Richard Sibes, Mafter. This humble, learned, and pious Divine, was educated in St. John’s, Cambridge, and was early diftinguifhed for his excellence in preaching. In 1618, he was chofen Preacher of Gray’s Inn; and, in 1626, defied Mafter of Catharine Hail, to which he was a great Benefactor. He found the Society in a very declining ftate, but it foon began to ftourifh under his care. His rnoft noted work was his “ Ruined Reed;” to which, Mr. Baxter fays, he principally owed his converfton—a circumftance in itfelf fuffi- cient to make his name memorable. He was author of feveral books of practical Divinity. Dr. John Lightfoot, Mafter. While at Chrift College, he particularly diftinguifhcd himfelf by his proficiency in the ftudy of Rabbinical learning ; which he feems to have undertaken by the perfuafion of Sir Rowland Cotton, who greatly af- fifted him in the Hebrew, and prefentcd him to the * “ God’s bleffing be upon her heart,” is an expreffioa applied to the Queen in Bifhop Hutchinfon’s Sennon. Rec- ( 167 ) ■Rectory of Afhley, in Staffordshire. He there ciofely applied himfelf, for twelve years, in fludying the Scriptures ; and the books which he afterwards publifhed, proved that his time had not been idly fpent; as all his works contain flrong marks of in- dullry, learning, and judgment. He was one of the Affembly of Divines which fat at Weftminfler, and •was preferred by the Parliament Vifitors to the Maflerfhip of Catharine Hall; which, upon the Refloration, he offered, but was not permitted, to refign. On the contrary, he foon after had a confirmation of that and his Benefice from the King. Through the influence of the Lord-Keeper Bridgman, who always profeffed a great efieem for him, he was inflalled a Prebendary of Ely, in 1667. His ftyle is faulty; but it is probable he paid very little attention to it, his greateff excellence being criti- wfm. His mofl valuable work is the “ Id or a: Hebraic*.” His works, which gave him confiderablc celebrity throughout Europe, are publifhed in three volumes, folio, exclufive of his “ Remains.” Hr. John Eachard, Mailer. This learned Divine was author of a noted piece of drollery, in- titled, “ The Grounds and Oceafions of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion, enquired into, “ in a Letter written to R. L.” This pamphlet, which was publifhed without the author’s name, made a great noife in the world, and was foon answered by feveral Clergymen. The “ Letter to R. L.’» ( i«8 ) H. L.” and the “ Dialogue between Philantus and Timothy,” on Hobbes’s State of Nature, are the .principal of Dr. Eachard’s works; which were evidently ftudied with great attention by Dean Swift; who fpeaking of Dr. Eachard, remarks, as was really the cafe with him, that men who are good at ridicule, have feldom any talent for ferious fubjedts. The learned Mr. Baker, of St. John’s College, Cambridge, in a blank-leaf of his copy of Dr. Eachard’s “ Letter on the Contempt of the Clergy,” fays, that he went to St. Mary’s with great cxpedfation to hear him preach, but was never more difappointed. It has been faid, that he took the in- dances of abfurdity and nonfenfe in this Letter, from his father’s Sermons. Echard, the hiftorian, fays, that he was too nearly related to him to give a juft character, without fufpicion of partiality. Dr. Benjamin Galamy, Chaplain in ordinary to the King, Prebendary of St. Paul’s, Minifter of St. Mary, Aldermanbury, London, Vicar of St. Laurence, Jewry, with St. Mary Magdalen, Milk- dreet, annexed; was the fon of the famous Edmund Calamy, by a fecond wife. He was a great ornament and a true fon of the Church of England, not- withftanding he was of a Non-conforming family. His behaviour was extremely courteous and affable, his life exemplary, and he was one of the bed Preachers and Writers of his time. The few Sermons he has left, afford abundant proof of the drength ( * 6 9 ) ftrertgth and clearnefs of his head, as well as of the goodnefs and fenfibility of his heart. He died in January, 1686. Thomas Strype. This induflrious Biographer was defcended from a German family, but born in London, and educated in Catharine Hall. He is well known by his compilations of lives and memorials; in which Dr. Birch remarks, his fidelity and induftry will always give a value, though his com- pofitions are totally deficient in flyle He died in 1737, having enjoyed the Vicarage of Low-Layton, in Effex, fixty-eight years. This 1 Society confilts of a Mailer, 12 Fellows, 2 Chaplains, and about 40 Scholars and Exhibitioners. P ■p^arwg^w ■JWWW! ;kfciB?"-Ji». wmm ajga iwp a :?;■tiii j E ®U S C OJLX.JS &JB %W ■So r ’'**%T£b**** shst -LCOCJgBl Mm mm JlSffi SS»3 m® mm. lligp mm ( I 7 I ) 3)efus College, Thi S'College is fituated eafl: of the town, and furrounded by groves, gardens, and. verdant meadows. The grand front looks towards the fouth, and is about 180 feet in length, regularly built and fafhed. The entrance is by a magnificent- gate, over which are fome pleafant apartments. The principal court is built on three fides, and is about 141 feet long, and 120 broad; the weft fid; lies open-to the fields, having only a dwarf-wall and iron palifa'does upon it. There is a fine profpeft ol’- the country on every fide. The Chapel is built in the Conventual form, with crofs aides and a large fquare tower; raifed on arches over their- interfedtion with the nave. The chancel, which is the only part of it ufed for Divine Service, is handfomely fitted up, and adorned wdth an altar-piece, flails, and an organ-gallery. The Hall is a handfome room, fifty-four feet long, twenty-feven broad, and thirty high; to which we aicend by feveral fleps. At the upper end are fine P 2 paint- { ) paintings of Archbifhop Cranmer (by Sir Jofhua Reynolds, prefented by Lord Carysfortj, and Archbifhop Sterne. There is a Cloifter, like thofe in the Clobbers and Nunneries abroad, which furrounds a fmall court, lately beautified and rendered more open and airy. It leads to the Chapel, Hall, Mafler’s-Lodge, and feveral apartments of the Students. The Mafler’s-Lodge is- one of the pleafanteft in the UniverSty; and-both the Mafter and Fellows have large feparate gardens. This College was originally an old Nunnery of the Bcnedidline order, founded in 1133, by Malcolm, of the. royal race of Scotland, Earl of Cambridge and Huntingdon, and dedicated to St. Radi- gund; who was the daughter of. Bertram, King of Thuringia, and wife to Lotharius, King of France, the fecond Chriflian King of that country. In a religious paroxyfm, fhe eloped and fequeftered her- felf from her hufband’s company, in 560, and lived and died in a fmall. Convent, in Poidtou; where, by the mofl exemplary piety and good conduct, die acquired the dignity of Saint. “ But it feems,” fays Fuller, “ that thefe veiled “ virgins, for fa they were called, living in Cam- “ bridge Nunnery, confecrated to her honour, fell “ as far fhort in chaftity, as fhe overdid therein.” “ One of them, indeed,” obferves the witty hif- torian, “ left a good memory, or, at leaf!, hath a “ good £> ) ‘‘ good epitaph infcribed to her memory, on a mo- “'nument in the Chapel: • Moribus oraata, jacet hie bona Berta Rofata, ’ “ But the reft were not fo fweet or fragrant ill “ their repute; fquandering away the wealth and “ ornaments of their facred houfe, which was no “ wonder for thofe to do, who were prodigal of “ their own perfons. Not able, therefore, to go “ away from their fhame, they went away with it; “ and, quitting their Convent, concealed themfelves “ privately in their own country.” Bilhop Goodwin fays, of the only two remaining, one was with child, and the other but a child. Bale calls them a fociety of fpiritual whores; and the blunt Scotch hiftorian, John Major*, living in Cambridge fome years afterwards, when the expul- fion of thefe devotees of private pleafure was yet frefh in recolledtion, fays: • “ Quoddam mulierum csen'obium in Collegium “ Jefu converterunt, confilio eruditiffimi pariter et “ optimi viri Stubis dodtoris theologi.—Nolebant “ mulieres illae includi, fed fcholallicorum confor- “ tium admiferunt. Unde graves viros fcandaliza- “ runt, quorcirca eis ejedtis, et aliis caenobiis impo- fitis earum loco, ftudentes inopes pofiti funVqua- ? De Geftis Scotorum, fol. 9. ' P 3 ** temjs..' ( *74 ) “ tenus literis et virtutibus incumberent et folium “ darent in tempore fuo. Hanc mulierum ejec- “ tionem approbo. Si enim pro religione veflibula 44 nutriant, earura loco bona ponendas funt.” The number of diftinguilhed ornaments of literature, and the church, of which this College can boaft, has fully eftablifhcd the opinion of the hif— torian. The College was founded in the twelfth year of Henry the Seventh’s reign, 1496, by John Al- c'ocK,.Bifhop of Ely, and Chancellor of England; a man of whom Bale,, though far from fond of praifing perfons of that day, fays:; “ That he was given, from his childhood, to “■ learning and religion ; and, fo growing from ver- 44 tue to vertue, that no- one in England was more 44 reputed for his holmes.” And Fuller, after remas'king that a-whole volume might be written of him,, obferves: 44 That he fared fparingly; and by falling, llu- 44 dying, and watching, laboured to conquer the 44 baits, of his wanton, flefh Henry * Bilhop Alc-ock was one of what the Cantabs, with no very affectionate veneration, call the family of the Spinlexts, They record of him, that in the year 14.83— “ Bonum et blandum fermonem prsedicavit, qui incepit m “ hora prima pod meridiem, et duravit in hpram tertiam et ( i75 ) Henry the Seventh, and Pope Julius the Second* granted Bifhop Alcock confiderable landed property for the endowment of the College ; fufficient for the maintenance of a Mafter, fix Fellows, and fix Scholars. It was ftyled, the College of the Bleflfed Virgin St. Mary, St. John the Evangelift, and the Virgin St. Radegund; and derives its name of Jefus College from the conventual church (now the Chapel), dedicated firid to the name of Jefus. King James, on his vifit to Cambridge, highly commended the fituation of this College ; as mod retired from, the town, and in a meditating pofture alone by it- felf. By one of the ftatutes of the College, the whole code is enjoined to be publicly read at Hated times in the Chapel. The principal Benefaftors are, Stanley, Bill]op of Ely; Sir Robert Read; Dr. Refion; Dr. Fuller ;. Lady Price ; Lady Margaret Bofwell; Sterne, Archbifhop of York, who gave a yearly penfion of 40/. for four Scholarfhips; Dr. Brunfel; Tobias Ruftet, Efq. who founded eight Scholarfhips, of 50/. each per ann. for the orphans of Clergymen; Dr. Gatford; Dr. Cooke; Sir John Rifley; Thomas Sutton, founder of the Charter-Houfe; Tnir- leby, Bifhop of Ely, who gave the advowfon of fix vicarages; and Sir Thomas Proby. Dr. Henry Csefar, Dean of Ely, in 1614, be- A ferir.on of two hours, would certainly be looked upon as a firious unpofition at the prefent day. queathed ( T 7 6 ) queathed lOOo/. to found two Fellowfhips and four Scholarfhips in fome College in Cambridge; and Sir Charles Csefar, his nephew and executor, made choice of Jefus, and eftablifhed the objedfs of the bequeft. Being perfuaded, by Archbifhop Laud, to lend the money to Charles the Firft, the falaries were for fome time paid out of his own pocket, hoping to be repaid by the crown; but his endeavours for that purpofe failed, and thus this noble legacy was entirely loft to the College. Bishops and eminent Men. Thomas Cranmer, Archbifhop of Canterbury, in 1533, was admitted of Jefus College at the early age of fourteen. In 1523, he took the degree of Do£tor in Divinity, and was made Theological Lecturer and Examiner. The opinion which he gave upon the legality of King Henry’s marriage with Queen Catharine, pleafed that Monarch fo much, that he was fent for to Court, made a Royal Chaplain, and ordered to write in vindication of the divorce, then in agitation. He was alfo fent into France, Italy, and Germany, to difpute the matter with the Divines of thofe countries. In March, 1533, was confecrated Archbifhop of Canterbury ; in May following, pronounced the fcntence of divorce between die King and Queen, and ( i77 ) and foon after married the amorous Monarch to the virtuous Anne Boleyn. The exertions in the bufinefs of the Reformation, as head of the church, were great. The Bible was tranflated into Englifh, and Monafteries diffolved, principally by his means. In 1536, he divorced the King from Anne Boleyn; and, though by refufmg his confent in Parliament, to the appropriation of the diffolved Monafteries to the foie ufe o-f the Crown, he fell into difgrace, and was obliged to retire from the bufinefs of the ftate; yet the King continued to proteifl him from his enemies; and, in his laid will, appointed him an executor, and one of the regents of the kingdom. In x546, he crowned young Edward; during whole fhort reign, he was extremely active in promoting the Reformation. To the zeal and capacity of this Prelate, who in the next reign was accufed of blafphemy, perjury, in- continency, and herefy, w r e are alfo indebted for the curious Thirty-nine Articles of Religion. Cranmer defended himfelf againft the accufations of Mary with fome refolution; but, under the af- furance of pardon, was at laft cajoled into an infill- cere renunciation of the Proteftant faith. There is no doubt that Mary was, from the foil, refolved on Cranmer’s deftruction. She remembered him as the inftrument of her mother’s divorce, which fhe could never forgive; and, by the diabolical policy of previoufly extorting the recantation, llie at once humbled ( i 7 s y humbled the Prelate, and triumphed over the Pro- teftant caufe. Cranmer differed at Oxford, in the year 1556, in the fixty-feventh year of his age. He behaved with uncommon firmnefs, and heroically thruft that hand into the fire, with which he had figned his recantation. Cranmer was a man of learning, a fincere promoter of the Reformation, but wanted both refolu- tion and moderation. His notions of Predeftination ancLGrrace^ were Calviniflical; and during fome part of his life, he was a zealous advocate for the do&rine of the Real Prefence. There are two folio volumesof his unpublifhed works- in the King’s Library, and feveral letters in die Cotton. Thomas Goodrick, Bifhop of Ely, 1534, 25th Plenty VIII. John Bale, Bifhopof Offory, in Ireland, 1552. -—This mod: voluminous author was educated a Roman Catholic, but converted to the Proteftant religion by Thomas Lord Wentworth; or, as Bi- fhop Nicholfon * thinks, was induced to that mea- fure, by an inclination to enter into the holy bands of matrimony. On the death of his protestor, Lord Cromwell, he was obliged to efcape. to the Low Countries, to .* Hift, Lib. Part II, c. viii. avoid ■ X *79 ) avoid the perfections of the Catholics. After remaining there eight years, .he was, on the acceffion of Edward VI. recalled, and, in 1552, made Bi- ihop of OlTory; where he was particularly affidu- ous in propagating the Proteftant faith to little pur- pofe, and frequently at the hazard of his life. The acceffion of Queen Mary once more drove him abroad. Upon his return to England in 1560, •Queen Elizabeth made him Prebendary of Canterbury ; as he probably did not choofe to return to his former flock of wolves. He died at Canterbury in 1563, in the fixty-eighth year of his age. His character as an author principally refts on his Catalogue Scriptorum, which contains much information no where elfe to be found. Hall, in his Preface to Leland, fays of him, qui id fade comma- culatum , in fuas ce-nturias traduxit. Fuller, not unaptly, calls him bilious Bale. He w r as, indeed, the very reverie of a polifhed writer, and implacable to thofe who differed with him in religion. William Hughes, Bifhop of St. Afaph, 1575, 16th Elizabeth. Edmund Scambler, Bifhop of Norwich, 1584, 27th Elizabeth. Hugh Bellot, Bifhop of Chefter, 1595, 37th Elizabeth. George Floyd, Bifhop of Chcflcr, 1604, 2d Jac. I. Rich- ( 180 ) Richard Bancroft, Archbifhop of Canterbury, 1604, 2d James I. John Owen, Bifhop of St. Afaph, 1629, 5th Car. I. Griffith Williams, Bifhop of OlTory, in Ireland, 1641, 17th Car. I. Thomas Westfield, Bifhop of Briftol, 1641, 17th Car. I. Humphry Henchman, Bifliop of London, 1663, 15th Car. II. Robert Morgan, Bifhop of Bangor, 1666, 18th Car. II. John Pearson, Bifhop of Chefler, 1672, 24th Car. II. Matthew Hutton, Bifhop of Bangor, and Archbifhop of York, 1747, 20th Geo. II. Philip Yonge, Bifhop of Briftol, 1758, 31ft Geo. II.; tranflated to Norwich, 1761, ift Geo. HI. Christopher Lord Hatton, Lord-Keeper in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He was promoted by that Queen, principally on account of his graceful dancing and fine perfon; to which Gray alludes in his poem of the Long Story. Full oft within thefe fpacious walls, When he had fifty winters o’er him, My grave Lord-Keeper led the brawls ; The Seal and Maces danc’d before him. Brawls were a fort of figure-dance then in vogue. Sir ( i8i } Sir John Bramflone, Lord-Chief-Jullice of the King’s Bench; Dr. William Chubbs, Author of the Commentary on Scotus, and a Treatife on Logic ; Godfrey Downes; Sir William Bofwell, Lieger in Holland; John Dod and Edmund Foley, Eftjrs.; Richard Fanihaw; Dr. John North; Dr. Flam- llead; Dr. Jofeph Beaumont; and Dr. Worthington, were alfo Members of this College. The Society at prefent confifls of a Mailer, Lx- teen Fellows, forty-one Scholars, and Exhibitioners ; in all, ninety-four. The Bilhop of Ely is Vifitor, and appoints the Mailer. iX > *• k '•'" ;! ' r '.t&'-i i i$0^a :ti:i ,-v4 Christs college •V.? '• by i.cUvHair^S ( >83 ) etmffs College. This College is fituate north of Emanuel, oppofite to St. Andrew’s Church; and has one grand Court, about 138 feet long, and 120 broad, formed by the Chapel, Mafter’s-Lodge, Hall, and apartments for the Students. It is cafed with ftone, and fafhed in a handfome manner. There is like- wife an uniform pile of ftone building, next the garden and the field, about 150 feet in length; from, which there is a fine view of the adjacent country. The Chapel, including the Ante-Chapel, is about eighty-four feet long, twenty-feven broad, and thirty high ; floored with marble, well adorned and finifli- ed, and has an. organ-gallerv. on the north fide of it. There is a handfome monument of white marble near the altar, ereited to the memory of Sir Thomas Finch, Enabaffador in Turkey, and Sir John Baines, who had their education in this College; travelled together, and were remarkable for their friendfhip, which continued till the end of their Q. 2 lives. < i84 ) lives. Sir Jolliua dying in Turkey, his body was brought over and interred here, anno 1682 ; and his friend Sir Thomas, who did not long furvive him, was buried in the. fame vault. The Hall is a handfome room, forty-five feet long, twenty-feven-broad, and thirty high. The Fellows’ Garden is well laid out and pleafant, there being both open and fhady walks, beautiful alcoves, a bowling-green, and an excellent fummer-houfe; behind which is a cold-bath, furrounded with a lit. tie wiklernefs. This College was founded in 1505, 2 id: Henry VII. by Margaret, Countefs of Richmond and Derby, the learned and pious mother of Henry the Seventh, and foie heirefs of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerfet, grandfon of John of Gaunt. Mr. Walpole juftly obferves, that fhe employed herfelf in afts of more real devotion and goodnefs, than generally attends fo much fuperftition; a ftronger proof of which cannot be given, than the method fhe adopted to determine the choice of a hufband. She was folicited in marriage by the great Duke of Suffolk, for his fon ; and, at the lame time, by his mailer, King Henry Vf. for his half- brother, Edmund, Earl of Richmond. “ On fo nice a point,” fays Mr. Walpole, “ the “ good young lady advifed with an elderly gentle- woman ; who thinking it too great a decifion to “ take upon herfelf, recommended her to St. Ns- “ cholas, C <85 J u cholas, who, whipping on fome epifcopal robes, v appeared to her, and declared in favour of Ed- “ mund.” Henry the Seventh was the foie fruit of this marriage, his father dying when he was but fifteen weeks old. The Countefs, however, fought confo- lation in two other hufbands, by. neither of whom fhe had children. . From her. funeral Sermon, preached . by her Confeffor,. Bi/hop Fifher, who, fays Ballard,. knew the very fecrets of her foul, we learn, “ that (he poffeffed almoji all things that were com- “ mendable in a woman, either in mind or body.” She underllood French perfectly, and had fome knowledge of. the Latin.. She was devout even to aufterity, having fhifts and girdles of hair; and, if in health,, never failed to wear one or other certain days in every week; fo, that fhe declared to her Confeffor, her fkin was often pierced therewith. In humility fhe was romantic; and would often fay, that if the Princes of Chriftendom would combine and march againft the common enemy, the Turks, , Ate would moll: willingly attend them, and be their laundrefs in the camp. , She was profufe in the. encouragement of learning; and, towards the. latter, end of her third mar-. fiage, Angularly chafte, having then obtained a licence from her hulband. for that purpofe, upon < which lhe took the vow of celibacy. . “ A boon,” fays Mr. Walpole, “ as feldom, I believe, requefteS Q.3 “ of (' 186 J “ of a third hutband, as eafily granted.” Her life, from the turbulence of the times, mu ft have been the fubjedt of infinite uneafinefs, which fhe is faid to have fupported with great fortitude. The Countefs died in the fixty-ninth year of her age, and was buried in Henry the Seventh’s Chapel ; where an altar-tomb, with a ftatue of brafs, was erected to her memory. Round the monument is a Latin infcription, written by Erafmus; for which he was paid twenty ihillings by the Univer- fity of Cambridge. The College was founded on the fcite of a Mo- naftery, called God’s Houfe, oppofite to St. Andrew’s Church; and a Matter, twelve Fellows, and forty- feven Scholars (in all fixty), were appointed; to which King Edward VI. added another Fellowfhip out of the impropriation of Bourne, which he gave to the College, as well as the revenues of Bromwell Abbey. Henry VI. being the Founder of the Monaftery called God’s Houfe, he is commemorated as a Co- Founder. Sir Thomas Finch, and Sir John Baines, founded two Scholarfhips and two Fellowthips. Fither, Bifhop of Rochefter, Sir V/alter Mildmay, Dr. Patinfon, Nicholas Culverwell, Thomas Lang- ton, Mr. Wentworth, Sir Robert Itham, and Richard Carr, were alfo confiderable Benefactors. Bishops ( i8 7 ) Bishops and eminent Men. Hugh Latimer, Bilhop of Worcefler. At the age of fourteen, Latimer was fent to ChrifPs' College, where he took his degrees; at which time he was a zealous Pap ill, and was honoured with the office of Keeper of the Crofs to the Univerfity. At thirty, he became a Proteflant, and one of the twelve licenfed Preachers from Cambridge ; on which occafion he promulgated his opinions with great freedom. He was not long after fummoned before Cardinal Wolfey, on a charge of Herefy; and obliged to fubferibe certain articles of faith, which he certainly did not believe. In 1531, having refumed his invedlives againfl Popery, he was again fummoned, and again obliged to fubferibe. In I 535 > through the influence of Ann Boleyn, to whom he was Chaplain, Henry promoted him to the Bi/hopric of Worcefler; but in 1 539’ rather than fubferibe to the fix articles, he refigned his mitre, and retired into the country. A fliort time after, on being charged with fpeaking agamft the articles, he was committed to the 1 ower, where he continued till the death of Henry the Eighth. Edward VI. did not reftore Latimer to his Bi- lhopric, ( 188 )' fhopric, although he preached feveral times before him, and continued to difcharge his clerical functions with unremitting zeal and refolution. Upon the acceffion of the fanguinary Mary, he was- doomed to deftrudtion, being, with Cranmer and Ridley, confined to the Tower. On their removal to Oxford, that they might dif- pute with the learned men of both Univerfities, Latimer declined the drfcuflion on account of his great age and infirmities, but delivered his-opinion in writing.. Refufing, however, to fubfcribe the Po- pifh creed, he was condemned for Herefy, and, together with Bifhop Ridley, burnt alive. He behaved with uncommon fortitude on the occafion, and died a real Martyr to the Reformation. Latimer was learned, virtuous, and brave: a remarkable inftance of the laft quality is adduced by Fox, who fays, that inflead of the ufual New Year’s gift of gold, &c. he prefented Henry the Eighth with a New Telbament, inclofed in a napkin, with this motto :—Fornicatores et adulteros ju~. dicabit Deiu. Nicholas Heath, Archbilhop of York, i555j 2d Mary. Cuthbert Scot, Bifhop of Chefter, 1556) 4 ^ Mary. William Hughs, Bifhop of St. Afaph, I573> 16 th Elizabeth. Wit- ( 1*9 ) William Chadderton, Bifhop of Lincoln, 1595, 37th Elizabeth. Anthony Watson, Bifhop of Chichefter, 1596, 38th Elizabeth. Valentine Carey, Bifhop of Exeter, 1621. Dr. Johnson, Archdeacon of Dublin. Brute Babbington, Bifhop of Londonderry, in Ireland. George Downham, Bifhop of Londonderry. William Chapel, Bifhop of OfTory. John Sharp, Archbifhop of York, 1691, 3d William and Mary. It was through the influence of this Prelate, and the Duchefs of Somerfet, with Queen Anne, that Dean Swift was prevented from having a Bifhopric 5 they having reprefented to her on their knees, for upwards of an hour, the irreligious tendency of the Tale of a Tub ! Swift has accordingly taken care not to forget him: in the poem upon himfelf, he fays: York is from Lambeth Lent to fhew the Queen, A dang’rous treatife writ againft the fpieen; Which by the ityle, the manner, and the drift, Tis thought could be the work of none but Swifts Poor York ! the harmlefs tool of other's hate, He fues for pardon, and repents too late. The lafl line was occafloned by the Archbifhop’s having ( 19 ® ) having fent a meffage to Swift, that he was forry for what he had done, and defired his pardon. He found, however, that Swift neither forgave nor forgot. Refentment fluck to him like fand. Frederick Cornwallis, Bilhop of Litchfield and Coventry, 1749, 22d Geo. II.; tranllated to Canterbury, 1768, 8th Geo. III. Ed mund Law, Bilhop of Carlifle, 1769, 10th Geo. III. The learned tranflator of Dr. King’s Origin of Evil, and author of many other excellent works. Beilby Porteus, Bilhop of Chelter, 1776,17th Geo. III. and the prefent excellent Bilhop of London; to which See he was tranllated in 1788. John Law, fon of the Bilhop of Carlifle; fuc- ceffively Bilhop of Killala, Clonfert, and Elphin, in Ireland. Geo. III. Nicholas Grimald, a Poet of confiderable rank in his time; and, according to Mr. Hayley*, the firft writer of blank verfe. He was born in the year 1519, and educated in Chrift’s; but in the year 1542, removed to Oxford. In 1547, on the foundation of Henry the Eighth’s College, he was admitted a Senior, or Theologift; about which time he read a public lecture in the large refedtory of that houfe. He was alfo Chaplain to Bilhop Latimer; but, to avoid perfection, complied with the religion of Life of Cowper. ( *9 r ) of Queen Mary. He was in great efteem about the 15th of Elizabeth. Ridley gives him the charadter of a man of much eloquence, both in Englifh and Latin. He was the author of feveral poems, among the Earl of Surrey’s “ Songs and Sonnets His “ Ar- chipropheta, five Johannes Baptijla Tragadia,” was firft printed in 1548. The titles of feveral other dramatic pieces, poems, tranflations, &c. will be found in Bale and Tanner. Gabriel Harvey, was born about 1545, of a good family, nearly related to Sir Thomas Smith, and was educated at Chrift’s, where he took both his degrees of Arts. He was afterwards Prodlor of the Univerfity. Having applied himfelf to the ftudy -of the Civil Law, in 1585, he took his degree in that faculty, and p radii fed as an Advocate in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, at London. Towards the latter part of his life, he began to ftudy Aftrology, and finally turned Almanac-maker; an which capacity he was feverely and not undeferv- edly ridiculed by Thomas Nafh and Robert Green. He died in the year 163d, aged eighty-five. Wood fays, he was efteemed an ingenious man and an excellent fcholar. Spenfer, the Poet, was his intimate friend; from whom we learn, that he tvas highly efteemed by the all-accomplilhed Sir Philip Sidney and Mr. Dyer. As to his poetical talents, Mr. -Upton is of opinion, ( l 9 z ) nion, that his poem, prefixed to the Fairy Queen, and figned Hobbinol, would, if he had written nothing elfe, have rendered him immortal. John Major, a fcholafiic Divine and Hiftorian of the fixteenth century. After ftudying fome time in Chrifi: Church, he went to Paris, and increafed his flock of learning in the College of St. Barbe, under the famous John Boulac. From thence he removed to that of Montacute, where he began the ftudy of Divinity under the celebrated Standouk. In 1505, he was created D. D. at the College of Navarre, and in 1519 returned to Scotland. He taught theology for feveral years in the Uni- verfity of St. Andrew; but at length, being difgufted with the quarrels of his countrymen, he went back to Paris, and refumed his lectures in the College of Montacute, where he had feveral pupils, who afterwards became men of great eminence. Returning once more to Scotland in 1530, he became Profef- for of Theology at St. Andrew’s, and afterwards Provoft. Du Pin fays, that “ of all the Divines “ who had written on the works of the mailer of “ the fentences, Major was the moil learned and “ comprehenfive.” Launoy, and other French writers, have given him the fame character. His Hiftory of Scotland, though written with boldnefs, is in a barbarous ftyle, and often fabulous. John Leland, the great Englilh Antiquarian, after receiving the early part of his education at St. Paul’s ( m ) Raul’s School, of which the grammarian Lillye Was -then Maher, removed to Clirift’s College, Cambridge. Greek -being little taught in this country, •he removed to Paris to hudy that language *. On his return to England, having taken orders, he was appointed by Henry VIII. one of his Chaplains; and, in "X533, King’s Antiquary, an office ■created and dying with him, and never fince re- eftablifhed. His commiffion empowered him to fearch for ancient writings in all the libraries of Calieges, Abbies, Priories, &c. within his Maj city's dominions. He foon afterwards fet Out on his travels in fearch of antiquities, which employed him fix years ; during which time he -vifited every part of England, where monuments of antiquity were likely to be found. On theconclufion of his tours, he devoted fix years more of his time to digesting and ^preparing his materials for publication. In 154.7, P oor Leland was at Srft feized with a deep melancholy, which was fhortly followed by a total deprivation of reafon. In this dreadful f ate he remained till 1552, when death happily came to his releafe. He was a man of great learning, an univerfal nguift, an excellent Latin Poet, and a mofi inde- * Cave a Grads, ne fias heretiens, was a common maxim. Such profane learning was thought prejudicial to Chrifti- anity, R fatigable ( *94 ) fa'tigable and Ikilful Antiquarian. On his death, King Edward gave all his papers to Sir John Cheeke, who, on being obliged to leave the kingdom, gave four folio volumes of Collections to Humphry Purefoy, Efq. which were prefented by his foil to William Burton, author of the Hiitory of Lelcef- terfhire. Eight volumes of the Itinerary were alfo in Burton’s poflfeffion; and, in 1632, depofited by him in the Bodleian Library. The greater part of his other manufcripts are in the Cotton Library, and have been of tire greateft ute to our fubfequent .Antiquarians. Sir Philip Sidney, the eldeftfen of Sir Henry Sidney, and Mary, the daughter of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, was born in the year *554, at Penfhurft, in Kent. Camden*, in his Kent, fpeaking of Penlhurlt, and of the Sidney family, fays: “ But Sir Philip Sidney is not to be omitted with- ■“ out an unpardonable crime (the great glory of his “ family, the great hopes of mankind, the molt “ lively pattern of virtue, and the darling of the learned world); who hotly engaging the enemy “ at Zutphen, loft his life bravely. This is that ei S'idnby whom Providence ieems to have fent into il the world, to give the prefent age a fpecimen of the ancients. Reft then in peace, O Sidney! f Britannia in Kent. Ed. 1635, p. 191. “we ( r 95 ) ,l we will not celebrate your memory with tears, “ but admiration! Whatever we loved in you (a3 * the beft of authors * fpeaks of that belt governor of Britain), whatever we admired in- you, flill “ continues, and will continue in the memory of “ men, the revolutions of ages, and the annals of “ time. Many are the inglorious and ignoble bu- “ ried in oblivion, but Sidney (hall live to the end “ of time ! For as the Grecian Poet has it— Virtue itfelf’s beyond the reach of Fate.”' Sir Philip Sidney was born in November, 1 554, during the reign of Philip and- Mary. His early and wonderful proficiency in every branch of claf- fical and modern literature, induced his father, the renowned Sir Henry Sidney (after a fhort time fpent at Chrift’s College), to fend him on his travels, at an age generally immature, being ©nly twelve years old; and, from that moment, his public life may be faid to have commenced. One of his biographers and conflant companions, Grevile Lord Brooke, indeed, fays of him, even at this period f—■ “ That though he lived with him, and knew him “ fr° m a child, that he never found him other than “ a man.” * Tacit, de Agric. F Lord Lrooke’s Life, p. 6j y, and 8. R 2 And; ( *0 ) Ancr.-—“ Notwithstanding his youth, yet that fit “ gained reverence among the chief learned men on “ the Continent.” During his travels and refidence abroad, he formed an intimate acquaintance with moft of the per- fonages then diftinguiihed for learning and talents;, of which the large collection of letters remaining at Penlhurft, affords convincing proofs. His tutof was Profelfor Languet, whofe epiftles to Sir Philip have been fo much admired. His manners and ac- complilhments were alfo fo confpicuous, as to induce Charles the Ninth, King of France, to honour him with the employment of Gentleman of his Chamber. After three years fpent in. the acquirement of every fpecies of knowledge, which fuch connections and his own indefatigable exertions could obtain, he returned home, where the high reputation he had acquired on the Continent did not permit him to remain long unemployed; for it was a diftin* guifhing feature in the glory of Queen Elizabeth’s reign, that (lie had the wifdom to fcleCl and employ perfons of the moft eminent ablities, integrity, and honour. Sir Philip had fcarcely attained twenty-one, when he was fent to Rudolph, Emperor of Germany, to condole on the death of Maximilian the Second. This embaffy had many fecret obje&s, relating to, the other German Princes,, hr letters to his father-. ip-law,. ( *97 ) in-law, Secretary Wallingbam, and'his uncle, fhe famous Robert, Earl of Leicefter, he defcribes, in a moil mafterly manner, his fdrft audiences at the Imperial Court, and the political ftate of the Continent ; and draws the characters of the whole Royal Family.- From this period, his life was one continued fe- lies of unremitted exertion in the public fervice.—* In all the affairs of the Low Countries he had a molt diftinguilhed fhare, being Governor of Flufh- ing, with the adjoining territory- And his uncle, the Earl of Leicefter,. was forced to acknowledge, that— “ While'his nephew lived, he held up his autho- “ rity in the United Provinces; and that he foon “ found reafon to withdraw himfelf from that.bur- “ then after his death * But although he lhone in all- the accomplilli- merits of a martial.age, and his name is renowned in the tournaments and battles ©f his country, it is not in the characters of flatefman and warrior alone that this illultrious perfon. demands our attention. In his time, we emerge from the twilight of learning to a period comparatively claflictd ; ana Sir Philip Sidney, whole, birth was ceiebrnted by one of die firfh poets -j- of his time, whole- talents are il- liillrated * Life of Sir Philip Sidney, L Bsn J.onjon lays.: P- 35» That ( > 9 » ) htftrated by his own Mufe, lamented for his unhappy and premature death, by the poetical- effu- fions of a King*, and celebrated by the dignified competition of the Univerfities, not only of his native but foreign countries, at the fame time proved him felt the generous patron of learned men, and the example of advancement in every branch of polite learning. Francis the Firfl had given a new air to literature^ which a mixture of gallantry, and the introduction of ladies at his court along with the learned,, highly encouraged. Our Henry the Eighth.contributed alfo to give a romantic turn to competition t. and Petrarch, “ the Poet of the Fair,” was naturally a pattern in the elegant and tender effufions of. Sidney. The difeovery of printing in 1440, had. alfo diffufed over Europe,, in more copious dreams,, the fountain of the Mufes; in which his mind, always infatiable after every fpecies of ufefal knowledge, drank deeply. Such is the fhort {ketch of the biography of this memorable character, w'hofe perfonal. merits railed him within reach of a crown and who was called for, by a. competitor for the kingdom of Portugal, as a man, “ Without whom, all other aids would That taller tree, which cf a nut was fet, At his great birth, where alhthe. Mufes met. * James the Firfl wrote an epitaph upon Iris death. 1)8 ( E 99' ) be nothing.” In fhort, “ Vir, baud facile differ- nas, manuve aut confdio promptior.” His conduit and brave death, were but the con- clufions of a life of virtue, accomplifhments, and humanity; and he hardly poffelfed a fault which did not flow from the noblenefs of his nature. He had a iolemn tindture of religion.. In him the vehement friend, the bold injured enemy, the ftatef- man, and the fine gentleman, were highly confpi- cuous. His private life feems to be ftained by novice, nor fullied by any meannefs : all his fentiments were liberal, and elevated. “ Nil .non laudandum, aut dixit, aut fecit, aut fenfit.” In the colleftion of the Sidney State Papers, pub— lillied by Mr. Collins, only nine letters of Sir Philip Sidney’s (and thofe perfedlly unimportant), are pub- lifhed; which has. given rife to cavils, as to his real merit in political affairs ; of which one may fay—*- “ Spreta exolefcunt; fi iraffare, agnita videntur.”' His Sonnets feem to be the effufions of a negledh- ed and defpairing lover, to an. obdurate miftrefs;, and tire melancholy ftrain of complaint pervading the whole, appears peculiarly adapted to the penfive,. thouglitlels genius of the Poet. The verfification,. though frequently fettered by the epigrammatic quaintnefs characteriftic of the. age, yet poffeffes. many beauties, in artlefs deffription and fanciful ak- lufion; and although fome puerile, conceits, are di£- cernible, they are, upon the whole,, more.free.from, that fault, than the generality of poetical productions ( 200 ) tions at this period. It is well known that Sir Philip Sidney completed a new verfion of the Pfalmc; which he dedicated and prefented to his filler, the Countefs of Pembroke, and which are frill at Wih ton-Houfe; In. 1580, a quarrel happened between Sir Philip Sidney and the Earl of Oxford, in a tennis-court; and a duel would, probably have enfued, it the Queen had. not. interfered. Sidney was, however, difgufted,, retired from Court, and amufed himfeif with writing his Arcadia. In 1581, we find, him forernoft in. the jufts- and tournaments which were celebrated for the entertainment of the Duke of Anjou,., then in. England;. whom he accompanied, with feveral of the firft nobility,, to Antwerp. In 1583, the Prince Palatine being inftalled Knight of the Garter, Sidney was appointed to poflefs the flail- in his- name.;., and received, on that. occafion, the honour of Knighthood.. In 1585, he projected an expedition to America,- in-,conjunction with Sii Francis Drake; but when he was- at. Plymoutn. ready to fan, he received an exprefs from- the Queen,, brought by a.Peer of the realm, commanding, him to return to-Court... He was - lhortly afterwards made Governor of Eiufliing,. and General of the florle ..nder his uncle, the Fail 01 Leicefter, then .co.uii»ander-m.-chiflf m the Low- Countries He was here eminently oonfpjcuous; and he probably wouid have been ele&sd ( 2ox ) elected' King of Poland, having been put in nomination for that purpofe, if the Queen had not refilled to interfere, declaring fhe could not lofe the belt jewel of her crown.. On the 22d of September, 1586, in a lucklefs. hour, the gallant Sidney was fent out with a party, to intercept, a convoy marching towards Ziitphen. The morning being hazy,, they fell into an ambuf- cade. Sir Philip fought with the moll defperate bravely; but juft as he was mounting a fecond horfe, his firft having been killed under him, he TQr ceived a lliot in the thigh, which broke the bone to pieces. His conduct on the field to a wounded foldier, who was willfully eying fome water in a helmet*, which Sir Philip was about to drink *, perfectly accords with his general character. He was carried to Arnheim, where he lingered eleven days; and fo perfectly refigned to his fate, that a few hours before his death, he had the favourite air of La Cuijfe rompue, which he had fet to mulic, played to him. Thus fell the amiable, the virtuous, the accomplifhed, the brave Sir Philip Sidney, in the 3,2d year of his age; a polite fcholar, the patron of learning and genius, and the object of univerfal panegyric. Sir Philip called out—“ Take it, friend, thy necefiities are greater than ^-^ine Jl .'! , William, ( 202 ) William, Prince of Orange, defired Sir Fulke Greville to tell the Queen, that flic had in Sidney- one of the ripeft and greateft counfellors at that time in Europe. Henry the Fourth, of France, treated him as an equal in nature, and a perfon fit for friendfhip with a King. His uncle, the Earl of Leicefter, after extolling the behaviour of his officers, fpeaks of his Sidney in thefe words: u Albeyt, f mu fir fay, it was too much lofs for “ me; for this young manne was my greateft com- “ fort, next her Majefty, of all the world; and if **' I could buy his lief with all I have, to my Iherte, “ I would give yt.”' The great WaHingham confefied that, “ Sidney “ overfhot him in his own bow.” The States of Zealand petitioned the Queen to have the honour of burying him at their own cofi. The people of England put on general mourning, and the writers of the age vied with each other who fliould praife him mod. If all this be infutficient to eftablifh thecha- radfer of a great, a very great man, there is no faith in hiflory ; and yet Lord Orford’s love of fin-* gularity, which prompted his attempt to brighten one of the blacked charadters in our annals, has led him wantonly to throw a dark fhade over the fpotlefs fame of Sir Philip Sidney. Sir Philip Sidney’s body was brought to England, and buried with great pomp in S-\. Paul’s Cathedral, at the Queen’s expence.—His /.teaha has palled through t ( 2©3 ) through fourteen editions, and been tranflated into French, Italian, and Dutch. John Milton, the greateft Poet of this or any other nation, finifhed his education in this College; ■where it is, I fear, too cleariy afcertained, that he was the laft who underwent the degrading punilh- ment of flagellation This fublime and wonderful genius, opprefled by poverty, biindnefs, and old age, was yet equal to a fubjeft, which carried him beyond the bounds of the Creation, and acquired him a fame, before which ail earthly grandeur fades. Yet for this eternal monument of the genius of our country, he received, only the trifling lum of fifteen pounds! The age of Charles the Second was, indeed, as deftitute o-f all ideas of tafte, as of thofe of virtue; and the idle author of a madrigal, or a fong, was more regarded than the greateft ornament of literature. Milton’s juvenile productions would alone hive immortalized him. The perfonification in his L’Allegro and II Penferofo, is ftriking ; and his Comus is the beft mafque the world has ever feen. Ihere was fomething peculiar in his genius, which ennobled and purified whatever came within his grafp. E yen fenfuality is with him diverted of all its groflhefs; and his defcription of the mariiage- * See p. i®6. > ( 204 } .'Led, is fuperior to anything which ever Fell from the pen of any other man. Milton was Latin Secretary to Cromwell, which language he wrote and fpoke with uncommon facility and elegance; and his letters are to this day efleemed the completed: models for his fucceffors in office. All *Milton’s biographers have afferted, that he never abfconded during the profecution again!! him, .after the Redoration. There is, however, in the Britifh Mufeum, the original proclamation, which -Was iffued on that Occafion; in which it is diftin&iy dated, that great fearch had been made for him; that he had left his ufual place of abode, and was fecreted. A mod lingular attempt was made, about fixty years ago, -by one -Lauder, a clergyman, to fix on this renowned poet the imputation of grofs plagia- rifm; upon a principle, which would tear the wreathe •-of original merit from the brow of every votary of the Mufes, who has written lince the days of Homer. Lauder afferted, that Milton had merely tran- ilated from feveral Latin Poets, the mod admired paffages in his works ; and to edablilh this ftrange proportion, he interpolated, in feveral Latin authors, forged fentences, which he quoted. This fraud was, however, foon detected, by the fagacity -and critical acumen of Dr. Douglas, the prefent i ( 2°5 ) learned BiShop of Salisbury. Lander, upon this difcovery, wrote a long apologetical letter to Dr. Birch (now in the British Mufeum), in which he excufes himfelf, that, as Milton had, under threats, compelled the printer of King Charles’s Eikon Baft- like to infert a:prayer, which notoriously was not the King’s -compofi-tion, in order to encourage the belief that no part of the book was written by that unfortunate monarch, he thought it equally juft to Serve Milton the fame trick; and had accordingly, for that purpofe, fabricated the fentences in quef- tion. Even fuppofing Lauder’s aflertion to have been well founded, it muft be admitted that Milton had vaftly improved upon alf.predeeeflbrs; andtodetraft from his merit, upon the ground of the fame thoughts have been ufed by another, would juftify the exclamation of the fplenetic author; who, after writing a book, and finding what he had faid had been long done before, exclaimed— Pereant, qui ante nos nojira dixerunt ; and would eftablifh the expreffions of Ecrtnce^-Nullum efi jam diflUm quod n Margaret coiwtess of < 2X>7 ) St. 3ol)n's College; HP i HI S College received its name from the dif- folvsd Hofpital of St, John’s, on the fcite whereof ,it was- built. It was founded on the 9th of April, 1511, by the executors, under the will of Margaret, Countefs of Richmond, Foundrefs of Chrift’s. The good Countefs being under fome tie to her fon, King Henry the Seventh, to forward Weftminfter, was obliged to ailchis confent to alter her purpofe. The King’s anfwer, ftiil extant, • is tender and afFedlionate; it is dated Grenewkhe, July 17th, and mull have been towards the-conclu- fion of his reign, as he fays he was “ then de- “ clynynge, his fyght fo much appayr’d, or he fo “ unfitt for fuch bufmeffe, that he-protefts on his “ faith, he had been three days "or. he could make “ an end of .his letter.” The .King’s confent being thus obtained, the Countefs, by her will, devifed certain lands in the counties of Devon, Somerfet, and Northampton, of the value of 400/. fer arm. together with dm fcite. of the diffulved Priory of StP S 2 Join, ( 2o8 ) John, in Cambridge, and the revenue thereof, amounting to 80/. a year, to her executors, Fox, Bifhop of Winchefter, Fifher, Bifhop of Rochef- ter, and others, in trull for the building- and endowing the College,. The exertions of Bifhop Fifher were fo unremitting, that the fir ft court was finifhed in 1515, the expence being between 4 and 5000/.; but the eflates in the counties of Devon, Somerfet, and Northampton, being refumed by the crown, the revenues were very inconfiderable, the allowance to each Fellow being no more than 1 id. per week, and "jd, per week for each Scholar. In the year 1516, Bifhop Fifher himfelf came to Cambridge, being Chancellor of the Univerfity, and aflifted at the opening of the College, which was performed with great folemnity. He alfo con.- flituted Dr. Alan Percy Mafler; Dr. Shorton, who had been indefatigable in forwarding the buildings, and adfive in the government of the College, having refigned. Thirty-one Fellows were chofen at the fame time, and a fet of ffatutes were, framed and fworn to. This College confiffs of three courts, lying between the high-fireet and the river,. The- firft is entered by a magnificent gate, adorned with font towers of Bone and brick; on the north, or right hand of which, Bands the Chapel; on the weft, oppofite the ga.te, is the Hall; and, in the angle ( ) formed by them, the Mafter’s-Lodgc; and the reft of the court, which is about 228 feet long, and 216 broad, is taken up bv the apartments of the Students.- The fouth fide is rebuilt with ftone, and makes, a- handfome appearance.. ' Tiie fecond court is chiefly taken up with the apartments 1 of the 1 Fellowsonly on the north a beautiful gallery, belonging to the Mafter’s-Lodge, extends' the -whole length of its principal floor, quite from the Chapel in -therfirfl-court, to the Library in the third; . This is riiiich the largeft court, being upwards of 270 feet in-length, and 24Q in breadth. ■’ From the fecond court-we enter the third, 1 by a grand open arch or portico ; this Court, -which is the lead of-the three,- is filtrate on the river,-and has walks and groves cat ; the‘ oppofite fide, in full view. Under the apartments-'on the wefHs a. commodious cloifter;. and, on thomorth, is thd'College Library,, built By that public fpiritecLPrelate, Arch- bithop ■’Whliams/who Was the greatelb Benefadtor. of his time "to every literary etlabuflunent.' The Chapel, with the Ante-Chapel, is-126 feet long and-tweivty-Teven broads feparated by the or- gM-galiery.. 'The fgrvice is performed as in cathedrals ; a- certain number ofrftrigtng men and chorif- ters-attending. . . ■ The Half . is a- good room, .about fixty feet long and thirty broad,: adorned with.-fine paintings of the $ 3, Coun- ( 210 ) Countefs of Richmond, Archbifhop Morton, Lady Margaret, Lord Burleigh,. Archbifhop Williams, Sir Ralph Hare, Mr.. Wentworth, Mr. Baker, &C; The Lodge is a grand apartment*, efpecially the gallery, which is furnifhed with paintings of Members of the. College, the Lords Stafford, Falkland, Jcrfey, Judge Maynard, and Bifhop Gunning. Adjoining to the Mafler’s-Lodge. is the Library, built by Archbifhop Williams. It is a .fpaeicus loom, exceedingly well, furnifhed with flsaree and valuable books in all languages, and ..carries more the appearance of the library of a Univerfity, than a fingle College. There is one clafs given by Mat-- thew Prior, the Poet, which confifls principally of' French books,, particularly: hiftory... This College, poffeffes every attraction. which wood, water, and green fields, - can afford it. A fine ftone-bridge, of no lefs than three arches over the fluggifh Cam, leads-from the College to a grand walk, flanked'with lofty, elms ; at the end of which lies the Fellows’garden, where they have a» elegant fummer-houfe, bowling-green, and mod agreeable walks, looking into the grounds of Trinity-College on one fide, and an open cultivated country on the other. The. paths,, encoir.pafiing two fmall meadows on the river fide, are much admired. This College was, once fo crouded with Scholars, that the Students could not be. accommodated with feparate ( 2rM ) feparate fVudies; and, when writing private letters,: were obliged to cover them with tneir hands, to prevent over inipection *►. After * The Members of this College are celebrated for the ori- gin of a term, which is in great requeft among the coxcomb's of the day. “ I'o cut” — i. e. to look an. old friend in the face, and afitfl not to know him. The art of cutting was- firft exemplified in a.comedy, publicly afled by the Students of St. John’s, in 1606, entitled, “ The Return from Par- rtaffus.” This elegant term is in equal.requeft at the After Univerfity. A very degrading appellation has been long applied to tire Members of St. John’s, of which I find the fidleft account in an ingenious and'amafing little.book lately publilhed,'entitled, “ Gradus ad Cantabrigiam.” It is there obferved, that the origin of the term ‘Johnian Hogs, has not been hitherto rightly afcertained. The, Gentleman’s Magazine for, 1795, contains this jest d'effrit; “ A genius efpying a coffee r houfe waiter carrying a mefs “ to a Johnian in another box, aficed, if it was a difti of !< grainsi—The Johnian inftantly wrote on the window— Says-the John'-s eat-grains ; fwppofe it true, They pay for what they eatj dots he lb too Another writer, pretends to have.difcovered the following" iha.fcarce little book of, epigrams, written .by one.Mifter- James Johnfon, clerk, printed in 1613. ' sy f 2-I2- ') After die addition of the third court, King James nfed to fay, that there was no more difference between Tiinity College - (confifting chiefly of one great quadrangle), and St. John’s, than between a {lulling and twofixpences. Among the numerous Benefactors to this College, wer find Morton, Archbifhop of Canterbury; tlie Lady Anne Brookfby; Dr. Fell; Dr. Keyton; Dr. .Lupton;. Dr. Downham ; Robert Ducket; .Robert Holytreehelm ; Dr. Linace; Dr. Thornton; Catherine, Duchefs of Suffolk; Stephen Cardinal; Sir Ambrofe Cave; Lord Burleigh; Lady Mildred Cecil; Sir Henry Billingfby; Dr. Gwynne; Lady Germayne; Maty, Countefs of Shrewfbury; William Lord Maynard; Archbifhop Williams; Sir Ralph Hare; Dr. John New'combe, and Dr. Wil- ■ liam Powell, Matters.. To -the Scholars of St. John his Colkgo, < Yit Johr.ilHe men, that have no other care, .. Save oriel.e for fuch fcode as. ye prepai e ; To gorge your fouLe polluted trunkes withal!; Meere fox hie ye bee, and.fuch your aclyons all; Tike ihemme ye runne, fuch be youre leaden pace, ■ lion foule, nor reafonne, ihynethe in your face. Bishops ( 2*3 ) Bishops and eminent Men. George Day, Bifhop of Chichefter, i?4?i 35th Henry VIIT. John Taylor, Bifhop of Lincoln, 1552, 6th, Edward VI. Ralph Barnes, Bifhop of Litchfield and Coventry, 1554, 2d Mary. Thomas Watson, Bifhop of Lincoln, 1557, 5th Mary. James Pilkington, Bifhop of Durham, 1560, 3d Elizabeth. Robert Horn, Bifhop of Winchefler, 1560, 3d Elizabeth. Thomas Davies, Bifhop of St. Afaph, 1561, 4th Elizabeth. Richard Curtis, Bifhop of Chichefter, 1570, 12th Elizabeth. Richard Howland, Bifhop of Peterborough, 1 5 ^ 4 , 27th Elizabeth. John Coldwell, Bishop ofSarum, 1591, 34th Elizabeth. John Still, Bifhop of Bath and Wells, 1592, 35 th Elizabeth. William Morgan, Bifhop of Landaff, 1595, 37 'di Elizabeth. Hugh ( } Hugh Bellot, Bifhop of Chefler, 1595, 37th Elizabeth. Richard Vaughan* Bifhop of Chefter, 1597, 39th Elizabeth. Valentine Carey, Bifhop. of Exeter, 1621, 18th Jac. I. Richard Senhouse, Bifhop of Carlifle, 1624, 22d Jac. I. Richard Neile, Atxhbifliop of York, 1631, 7 th Car. I. David Doxben* Bifhop. of Bangor, 1631, 7th Car. I. Thomas Morton, Bifhop of Durham, 1632, 8th Car. I. . Francis Dee, Bifhop of Peterborough, 1634* joth Car. I. John Williams, Archbifhop of York, 1641, 37th Car. I. John Gauden, Bifhop of Worxefter, 1662, 14th Car. II.—Among Bifhop Ga'utlen’s Letters*, is one from Lord- Clarendon, which rather tends to confirm the opinion that this Prelate was either the author, or at leaft an affifiant in compofing the famous Eikon Bafillke, Speaking of that book, Lord Clarendon fays: “ The particulars you mention have, indeed, “ been imparted to me as a fecret: I am forry I ■ * Univerfity Library. “ ever { 215 ) .«£ ever knew it; and, when it ceafes to be a fecret, •“ it will plcafr none but Mr. Milton !” This Piei.ite fully expefted to be rewarded with the See of Vv'inehefter; and, on that hope, built the great houic on Clapham-common. The work was, indeed, carried on under the name of his brother, Sir Dennis Gauden; but, in faff, intended as a manfion for the Bifhops of Winchefter. Edward Woolley, Bifhop of Clonfert, in Ireland, 1664, 16th Car. II. Peter Gunning, Bifhop of Chichefter, 1669, ■2ift Car. II. Tranilated to -Ely, 1674, l6tli Car. II. William Guiston, Bifhop of Briftol, 167B, 31ft Car. II. Capel Wiseman, Bifhop of Dromore, in Ire- 1683, - 35 *E Car. II. Irancis Turner, Bifhop of Ely, 1684, 36th Car. II. William Lloyd, Bifhop of Norwich and Worcefter, 1685, ift Jac. ji. —“Swift, in his Journal, fays : “ This wife Ptelate turned prophet at ninety.; “ and went to Queen Anne by appointment, to “ prove-to her Majefly, out of Daniel and the Re~ ‘ velations, that four years hence there would be a war of religion; that the King of France would be a Proteflant, and fight on their lide-; that the Popedom would be deftroycd, &c-. and declared that ( 21-6 ) 4ha‘t he would be content to give up his Bilhoprie “ if it were not fo. The Lord-Treafurer (Oxford) confounded the old fool fadly in his own hearing, “ which made him very quarrelfome.” John Lake, Billiop of Chichefler, 1685, ill Jac. II. Thomas White, Bilhop of Peterborough, 1685, Jft Jac. II. Thomas Watson, Bilhop of St, David’s, 1687, 3d Jac. II. Edward Stillingfleet, Bilhop of Woreef- ter, 1689, 1 ft William and Mary. Robert Grove, Bilhop' of Chicheller, 1691, 3d William end Mary. William Beveridge, Bilhop of St. Afaph, 1704, 3d Anne. Thomas Bowers, Bilhop of Chicheller, 1722, 9th Geo. I. Richard Osbaldeston, Bilhop of Carlille, 5747, 18th Geo. II. Richard Beadon, Billiop of Gloucefter, 1789, j^{ 29th Geo. III. John Ross, Bilhop of Exeter, 1778, 18th Geo. III. John Cradock, Bilhop of Kilmore, in Ireland, and Archbilhop of Dublin. Roger Ascham, was born near North-AIler- ton, in Yorkfhire ; and his father was butler to the noble family of Scroop. He was fent, about the year f 217 ) year 1530, to St. John’s College, where he focln diffinguiflied himfelf by application, and the abilities which he difplayed on different occasions. In 1548, being then Univerfity Orator, he was fent for to Court, to inftru£t the Lady Elizabeth {afterwards Queen)-, in the learned languages ; and he alfo taught her to write that 'fine hand, which was fo remarkable in her day. He afterwards attended Sir Richard Moryfine as Secretary, on his Embafly t© the Emperor Charles the Fifth, at whofe court he continued three years. He was not Jong after appointed Latin Secretary to King Edward the Sixth-; but upon tire death of that amiable Prince, loft all his preferments, being pro- feSedly of the reformed religion. The intereft of his friend, Lord Paget, however prevailed, and he was made Latin Secretary -to the King and Queen. The moft'remarkable cireumftanee of his life is, that though he was a decided Proteftant, he yet remained in favour, not only with the Queen, but her Minifters, during the whole period of her mer- cilefs reign. """" His fituation of Latin Secretary was 'reftored to him upon the acccflion of Queen Elizabeth; and he had the honour to continue as her Majefty’s Secretary in the Greek and Latin languages. Afcham was the brighteft genius and the moft finiflied fcholar of his day. From having been pu- •Pil to Sir John Cheke, and preceptor to Queen Eli- T zabeth, { 218 ) -y.abeth, lie ufed to fay, that he had been pupil' to - the greateft fcholar, and preceptor to the greateft pupil in England. His mod celebrated work was his Schoolmafler, ;■ in which he differs, with his great predeceffor Pof- felius, as to the ufe of the virgula.obliqua-, being of opinion that that punishment belonged rather to the f parent than the fchoolniafler. He always declared himfelf averfe to pupils reading grammars by them- felves, and labouring at rules without any knowledge of the language. He understood the principles of blank verfe well; and Milton alludes to him , in the Short account of that fpecies of poetry, pre- hxed to his Paradife Loft. During his , abode at the Univerfity, he was paf- fionately fond of archery, for which he was cen- fured; .arid it was upon that occafion that lie wrote his Toxaphilus, and dedicated it to Henry VIII. who .fettled a penfion of ic/. per ann. on him. It is in many parts -very whimfical; he appears to think that every man to be a complete archer, Should be as learned as himfelf.—The Scboolmajier was republished by Mr. Upton, in 17 ir. His Latin EpiSlles were firff: printed .by Mr. "Grant, in 1576, and have fince .palled through many editions; the beft of which is the Oxford one, ,in 1703. They are valuable both for the Style and .matter, and are almoft the only claffical work of .the JciudLcver written by an Englishman. He died. very ( 219 ) very poor, in the year 1568, much lamented by all, ' efpecially the Queen, who declared /he would rather have loft ten thoufand pounds. Camden fays, that he had a great propenlity to dicing and cock- fighting. Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurft, and Earl of Dorfet, was born at Buckhurft, in the- County of Suflex, in the year 1536. Towards the latter end of Edward-the-Sixth’s reign, he appears- to have taken a Matter of Arts degree, at Cambridge; and foon after removed to the Inner-Temple, where he ftudied the law, and was called to the bar. His poetical talents were firft difplayed at the Univerfity; and he was too decided a votary of the Mufes to relimjuifh his juvenile amufements. We have to lament that none of his earlier produdlions are preferved, which Wood tells us were much admired. In 1557, he w r as a diftinguifhed Member of the- Houfe ot Commons, and about the fame time wrote the Induction-, much in the ftyle which Spenfer afterwards adopted. It was intended as an introduction to the Myrror of Maglftrates; a work which was defigned to comprehend all the unfortunate great from the beginning of our hiftory. Lord Orford fays, that our hiftoric plays are allowed to have been founded on the heroic narratives in that book. To that plan, and to the boldnefs of T 2 Loid { 220 )' Lord Bttckhurff’s new fcenes, perhaps we owe Shakfpeare ! His next produdli-on was the tragedy of Gorin-- due, the firft tolerable production of that fpecies in our language. It is, indeed*, an elegant performance, and is a perfect 1 fpecimen of fimplichy of ftyle and propriety of character. It was acted before Queen Elisabeth,, in 15,61, with great applaufe, by the gentlemen of the Inner-Temple. In 1566, Mr. Sackville made the tour of France and Italy. From fome caufe, which does not appear, he was imprifoned at Rome, when the news of his father’s - death was communicated to him; hy which he became poffelTecLof- a. very confiderable fortune.. Immediately upon obtaining his liberty, he returned to England ; and; foon after his arrival, received the honour of knighthood, .and. was created Lord Euckhurft. He was one of the Coramiffioners to try the unfortunate Mary, Queen of- Scots;. and had the painful duty impofqd upon him of reporting the confirmation of the fentence,.. and feeing it executed. In 1587, he was fent Embaffador to the States-- General, in confequcnce. of their complaints againT tire Earl of Leicefler;. whole interefl was, however,. * Mr. Spence, at the inftigation. of Pope, repub- lifhed it in j 736, with a Preface; in which he Hates that itn our. firft,dramatic piece written in verfe.. fttffir- ( 221 ) fufficient, to prevail on the Queen to recal and confine him to his houfe. From this unjuft reftraint he was, however, foon liberated, by the death of Leicefter; being reftored to favour, and, in 1513, inftalled a Knight of the Garter. The Queen, foon after, gave a yet more decided proof of her partiality for Lord Buckhurft ; for in 1591, (he caufed him to be elected Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxford, in diredl oppofttion to the Earl of Elfex. In 1598, he fucceeded Lord Burleigh in the important office of Lord-High-Trealurer; and fat as High-Steward on the awful occafion of the trials of the Earls of Eflex and Southampton. James the Firft, on his acceffion, confirmed to him the office' of Lord-High-Treafurer for life; and he was, - at the fame time, created Earl of Dorfet. Lord Buckhurft died fuddenly, on the 19th of April, 16.0.8, in the Council-Chamber, and was interred with great folemnity in Weftminfter-Abbey. He was a good poet, an able Minifter, and an honed man. From him defcended the 1 prefent noble family of the Dorfets-; and “ it were needlefs,” fays Lord Orford, “ to add, that he was the pa- “■ triarch of a race of genius and wit.” Edward Vere, the feventeenth Earl- of Oxford, was born about the year 1:540, and educated m St. John’s. He finifhed his education by traveling into Italy; and is faid to have, been the firft who T 3. brought ( 2TZ ) brought perfumes and embroidered gloves into Eng’- land. Queen Elizabeth is fomewhere drawn with a pair of thefe gloves on her- hands. He fhared-in all the martial atehievements of this gallant reign; and particularly diftingtufhed himfclf in two tournaments before her Majeftv, in 1571 and 1580. Together with Lord Buckhurft, he was ©ne of the Commiffioners appointed to try the unhappy Mary, Queen of Scots-. On occafion of the Spanifh Armada, he behaved with great bravery, and joined the fleet- with feveral- Ihips, hired and manned at his own expence.- He married the daughter of Lord Burleigh, with whom he-ufed every-perfuafton to fave his friend, the Duke of Not folk ; but the wary treafurer coa- tinuing immoveable, he fwore in revenge, that Burleigh’s daughter lhould fuffer for her father’s unrelenting fpirit, - He accordingly for.fcok her bed, and refolved on. fquandering away his- fortune. Itus evident, however, that he did not puriue this foolifh intention; for the- greateft part of his eflate oe- fccnded to hia-fon. He-was a polite Scholar-, an excellent Poet, atid Comedian. Wood fays,- that feveral of his coin- pofitions were publifhed, the very titles of which are loft. He died in the year 1604. Thomas Nash. He is mentioned by Larrg- bam, Gildon,. Philips, Cibber, and in the Companion t.o the Piay-Houfe, ^ Jt f 2*3 ) It appears'that he was educated at St. John% where he refided feven years. He was evidently a companion of the poet Green, from being prefcnt at the fatal repaft of pickled-herrings in 1592. Ia. 1597, he was either confined, or otherwife troubled, for a comedy, on the Ifie of Dogs,*, although he wrote but the firff a£I; and the players, without his knowledge or concurrence, fupplied the reft.—. There is, according to Mr. Oldys, a good character of Nafh in The Return from Rarnajfus, or Scourge of Simony, added by the Students of St. John’s, in 1606. Nafh more efFetlually difcouraged< and? nonpluf- ed Peifty, the mold notorious ante-prelate, Will Harvey, the aftrologer, and his adherents, than all the ferious writers that attacked them.—Fie was-a man-of learning, and had a ffyle very fluent in tire bantering way.- He died about the year 1600, aged fixty-two. His character is'that of a man of humour,. a bitter fatyrift,- and no contemptible poet. John Dee. This famous Mathematician and Aftrologer was born -in 1527, and in 1542 fent to St. John’s College. He there diftinguifhed himfelf by his unremitted application to the ftudy of Mathe-. matics, particularly Aftronomy, for five years; after which he vifited Holland, that he might have the advantage of converfing with feveraL eminent men or* .* Oldy.s’s Manufcripts. ( 22 4 ) ©n the Continent. After flaying there about twelve - months, he returned to Cambridge; but again left England, fome fufpicion having arifen among the wife men of the Univerflty,. that he was a conjurer ; principally occafloned by his exhibiting a piece of machinery,. reprefenting the Scarabaeus flying up to Jupiter with a man, and a balket of victuals on its back. He reflded about two years at the Univerflty of Louvain, where he was held in high eftimation, and vifited by many people of rank.. He afterwards read lectures at the College of Rheims, oil Euclid’s Elements, with great applaufe. On his return.to England, he was introduced, by Secretary Cecil,, to King Edward, who allowed him a penllon of ioo crowns,, which he relinquifhed for the Reftory of Upton upon Severn. In Queen Mary’s reign, he was accufed of holding fome cor- refpondence with the Lady Elizabeth’s fervants, and- of praftifing againft the Qpeen’s life by inchant- ment; in confequence of which he underwent a tedious confinement, and did not obtain his liberty until 1555. On Queen Elizabeth’s acceflion, Dee was, by her Majefty’s command, confulted by Lord Robert Dudley, concerning the propitious day for her coronation. On this occaflon,.. Elizabeth made hull mighty promifes, which flie never performed. l n J 57 1 > however, being dangeroufly ill at Lcraine,. fhe ( 2^5 ) {Fie fent two phyficians to his affidance.—On las return to his native country, he fettled at Mortlaks, in Surry; where he profeeuted his dudies with unremitting ardour, and collected a valuable library, which was-afterwards difperfed. On the Queen’s illnefs in 1578, Dee was fent abroad, to confult with the German Phyficians, Phi- lofophers, and Aftrologers,. on the occafion ; and. performed a.journey of 1500 miles by fca and land, in the fpace of 100 days. His next employment was more rational. The Queen, being defirous to be informed concerning her title to thofe countries which had been newly difcovered, commanded him to examine records, and furnifh her with proper geographical defcriptions, ■which he performed to her fatisfadlion. He next wrote on the reformation of the Calendar a fenfrble and learned treatife which did not, however, take place, until the reign of George II. Hitherto reafon and fcience feemed to. have coua- terpoifed his extravagance; but he rauft from this time be confidered merely as an enthubadic necromancer and credulous alchymidhaving, in 1581, formed an acquaintance, with one Edward Kelly, with whofe abidance. he performed divers incantations, and maintained a regular intercourfe with fpirits. His mod intimate friends, of that clafs, were the angels Raphael arid Gabriel; one of them Slaving prefented him with a black fpeculum, in which. ( 226 ) which his angels and demons appeared as often as he fummoned them; and Kelley’s buhnefs was to record their anfwers.. This fpeculum, however, turned out to be nothing but a polilhed piece of canal coal, which w r as lately in the poffeffion of Lord Qrford. .Butler, in Hudibras, fays; Kelly did all his feats upon The devil’s looking-glafs, a Hone. The Roficrucian Philofophy of thefe learned mad- ■ men was, it feems, equally calculated for profit and pleafure. One of the angels told Kelly, that a community of wives was an indilpenfable part of their inftitution. In 1583, Albert Laflu, a Polilh nobleman, and Palatine of-. Siradia, - then, in England, was fo . charmed with the feats, of Dee and his companion, that he perfuaded them to accompany him to his native country; where fome time elapfed before he difcovered himfelf abufed by their idle pretenfions. They afterwards vifited Rodolph, King of Bohemia, who, though a credulous man, was foon dif- gufted with their nonfenfe. They met with no better reception from the King of Poland, but fucceeded in duping a rich Bohemian nobleman. Dee having quarrelled with his companion in iniquity, ..returned to England, where he was once mote ( 22 7 ) more gracioufly received by the Queen. He died at his houfe at Mortlake, in 1608, in the eighty-firfl year of his age. Dee was certainly a man of extenfive learning, particularly in Mathematics; but vain, credulous, and enthufiaflic—and alternately a dupe and cheat. The celebrated Dr. Hook took it into his head to prove that his Journal, publiihed by Cafaubon, was entirely cryptographical; concealing his political tranfaftions, and that he was employed by Queen Elizabeth as a fpy. The Doftor was, however, certainly miftaken. Eight of his works were publifhed, and forty-fix remain in MSS. in the different public libraries. That a man of fuch extenfive learning, particularly a Mathematician, fhould entertain fuch riduculous notions of'fpirits, and other trumpery, is ■ perfectly inconceivable. Sir Jo »N Cheke. This celebrated Grammarian, Statefman, and Divine, was born at Cambridge, and educated at St. John’s. He was principally inflrumental in reforming the pronunciation of the Greek language ; being firft chofen Lee-’ turer, and afterwards Profeffor. He was afterwards, jointly with Sir Anthony Cooke, appointed by King Henry the Eighth Latin tutor to Prince Edward; and on the acceffion of his Royal Pupil to the Crown, was rewarded with a penfion of 100 marks, and obtained feveral confiderable grants, He ( 228 ) Tie was a 1 fo knighted, and fucceffively made Chief Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber, Chamberlain of the Exchequer for life, Clerk of the Council, Secretary of State, and'Privy-Coiuifellor. Thefe honours were, however, of fliort duration. Having added as Secretary to the unfortunate Lady Jane Grey, for the nine days of her reign, he was fent to the Tower by Queen Mary, and deprived of great l>art of his property. ■In ‘1554, he was releafed, and obtained a licence to travel abroad. At Strafburg, he was reduced to the neceffity of reading Greek Le&ures for his fub- fidence. In 1556, in an evil hour, he fet out to meet his wife at-Bruffels,; but, before-he could reach that city, was feized by order of Philip 11 . thrown into a waggon., and thus fhamefully conducted to a fhip, which conveyed him to the Tower of London.— Religion was the caufe; and two Romifh Priefts pioufly endeavoured to work his converfion, but without fuccefs. He was at laft vifited by Flecken- ham, who told him from the Queen, that he muft either comply or burn . This powerful argument had the delired effedt: he complied, and his-lands were, upon certain conditions, re-ftored. Remorfe, however, foon put an -end to his days. He died in September, 1557, and was buried at St. Alban’s. His friend, Dr. Walter Haddon, wrote an infeription on his tomb, which concludes with thefe two lines; GemB» ( 229 ) Gtmma Britanna fuis, (am magnum nulla tulcrunt Tempera Thefaurum, cempora nulla fcrent. Sir John Chekc was certainly the politeft Scholar of his age. William Cecil, Lord Burleigh, Lord High Treafurer and Prime Minifler of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. This greateft of Eng- lilh ftatefmen was born in 1520, and received the early part of his education in the Grammar-School at Grantham 1 and, in 1535, was entered of St. John’s, Cambridge. In 1541, he entered of the Society of Gray’s-Inn, with an intention to ftudy the law-; but had not been long there when an accident happened, which gave a new turn to his pur- fuits. O’Neil, the famous Irifh chief, had brought with him to Court two Chaplains, violent bigots to the Eomilh faith ; with whom, when vifiting his father, young Cecil had a warm difpute, in which he ihipkyed uncommon abilities. The King heard of 't, and defired to fee him; when he was fo pleafed with his converfation, that lie defired his father to choofe a place for him; who accordingly requefted the reverfion of Cuftos Brevium, which Mr. Cecil, foon after the acceffion of Edward the Sixth, pof- felTed, being then worth about 240/. a year.- In 1547, the Protestor appointed him Mailer of Requefts; and, on the expedition againft the Scots,- U lie i 230 ) fhe attended his noble patron. At the battle of Muf- ; felburgh, his life was miraculoufly preferved by a . friend, who, feeing the direction of a cannon-ball almoft fpent, pufhed him out of its reach; but, ■ in doing fo, had his own arm fhattered, to pieces by the ball. In 1548, he was made Secretary -of State; but fuffered in the difgrace of the Protedfor Somerfet, and was fent prifoner to the Tower. In 1551, he was reftored to. his office, knighted, and fworn of the PrivyrCounciJ; and, in 1553, .made..Chancellor of the Order of .the Garter, with-an annual,fee of 100 marks. On Queen Mary’s acceffion, though he had prudently avoided interfering in Lady Jane Grey’s urn , fortunate attempt, he was difmiffed his employment, pot choofing to change his religion. Although, in this reign, he often,oppofed the Mi- tffiftry in the Houfe of Commons with great freedom and firmnefs, he yet had the addrefs to fleer throiigh a very dangerous fea without ffiipwreck. Queen Elizabeth’s acceffion difpelled the cloud vrhich had hung over his fortunes. He had long maintained a regular correfpondence with thatPrin- pefs; and, on the very , day fbe was proclaimed, prefentpd her with a .lift of twelve articles mod ne- cefTary for immediate difpatch. Being fworn a Privy-Connfellcr, and made Secretary of .State, Ins •firft advice w r as to call a Parliament,, and to form the ( 23 1 ) the legal cdablilliment of a national church. His next concern was to reftore the value of the coin, which had been confiderably debafed. Having effected thefe important objects, and fu'p- preffed a formidable rebellion in the north, as a reward for thefe fervices, he was made Mailer of the Wards, created Baron Burleigh, honoured with the Garter, and raifed to the office of Lord-High-Trea- furer. From this period he continued to fill thefe high, tmcbmou important offices in the Hate for forty years, and guided the helm of government during the moll glorious periods of our hiftory. If the ex<- • ecution of Mary Queen-of Scots be unjuftifiable-, Lord Burleigh was blameable; for he was undoubtedly adlive, and advifed the; whole alfhir; 1 but as the general tenor of his conduiSl lb .vs him to-have been an honed man and a confcien ; ous miniffier, he pro-^ Babiy thought it necelfary to the-peace of the nation and the fecurity of the Queen. He died on- the 4th ot Auguft, 1598, in'the feventy-eighth* year of his--age, and was interred in the family vault at Stamford, where a magnificent" tomb was eredled to his- memory. Lord Burleigh was doubtlefs a man of lingular abilities, indefatigable application, inviolable attachment to the intereds of Elizabeth, and one of the mod upright Miniders ever recorded in the annals ®1 his country. Notwithdanding his long enjoy- U 2 me ut ( * 3 2 ) ment of fuch lucrative offices, he left only an eft'ats of 4,000/. per ann. 11,000 /, in moneys and about 14,000/. in other cffedts. It is true he had four places of refidence, lived fplendidly, and at his favourite retirement at Theobalds, frequently entertained the Queen at great expence. Not the leaft ufeful effedt of his long adminiftration, was the abolition of many fcandalous abufes. Ben Jonson. This greateft Dramatic Poet of his ace, was born in die year 1573, and finiffied his education at St. John's. His motley hnfory 1? open for a period of hit years, from his leaving the XJifiverfity to 1-698, when he produced his firft play. He * appears, within this- time, to have been a- bricklayer, player, foldier, and forming himfelf for. -a poet. In the firft capacity, it is confidently faid, that he worked in.-the building of Lincoln’s-Inn;. and Decker, in his Hiftriomaflix f, reproaches him with having left his trade as. a mortar-treader, to become a player, which he could not fet a good face upon, and fo was cafhiered. He alfo fays that Ben performed the part of Zuiiman, at the Pans Garden, in Southwark; that he ambled by a play- waggon in the highway, and performed mad Jero- * See a letter among Dr. Birch’s MSS. in the Britift Mufeum, from Mr. Lewis Theobald to the Doftor. f Publiflied in 1602, and defigned as a reply to Bens 4‘ Pcetafter,” nvmcfis ( 233 ) nymo’s part, to get fervice among the mimics. His name does not appear before any play, never having rifen to a higher ftation than that of flroller. A foldier he appears to have been from his own words; for having difobliged the officers in the character of Captain Tucca, and finding himfelf obliged to make an apology, he did it in an epigram, at the end of his Poetafter, directed to true foldiers, in thefe words-: I fwear by your true friend, my Mufe, I love' Your great profcftion, which I once did prove j And did not ihame it with my actions then, No more than I dare now do with my pen. Decker hints a.t his valour, and.being a man of the fword. This alludes to a fatal accident which betel Ben,, and had better he paffed over in filence. Wood feems to be erroneous in dating that, he travelled as tutor to a fon of Sir Walter Raleigh.; for he was Poet-Laureat in 1603, and regularly produced a play every year after, and at this time Sir Walter’s fon was, only feventeen. He alfo appears wrong in afierting, that the laureatlhip was irom the firfi 100/. a year; being, during the whole re ign of James the Firfi, only 100 marks, and a butt of fack, commuted, for 30/.; as appears from Hen’s petition to Charles I. in which he prays and Uitrcats tne King U3 To ( 2 34 ) To make Of your grace, for goodnefs fake, Tho fe your father’s marks, your pounds. This requeft was granted, with the addition of a tierce of Canary wine. Ben Jonfon, though the greateft dramatic poet of hi.s age, borrowed freely from the ancients,, with, whom he was very conyerfant, and firft brought- critical learning into fafhion. He poffeffes as many defects in tragedy as excellencies in. comedy; and. the latter are even very confined. In Jonfon, we fee the power, of induftry: in. Shakfpeare, the force, of genius. What appears to be written with great facility, is,, in fadt, the effedt of uncommon labour; and he is totally deficient in. harmony and meafure. He died in 1637, a £ e( ^ fixty-three, and has a monument eredled to his memory in Weftminfter-Abbey.. Lucius. Carey. Lord Vifcount Falkland.—■ Lord Clarendon, who had every opportunity of being well acquainted with this, accomplifhed nobleman, has drawn him the fineft and moll perfedl character of any in his admirable hiftory. It is an affemblage of almoil every virtue and excellency which can dignify or adorn a man. Lord Orford says, that, being elected at a very early age, a - Member of the House of Commons, an old Member, on his entering that venerable grave Affembly, exclaimed, ( *35 ) claimed, “ What does he here ? He has not yet fown his wild oats:” Upon which Lord Falkland dryly anfwered, “ I have come then where there are plenty of geefe to pick them up ! ” The ftory may be true; but Scaliger and Liphus both, attribute the fameanfwer to Buchanan, on a fnnilar remark being made on his entering an affembly of learned divines on the Continent. The moil confiderable of Lord Falkland’s works,, is “ A Difcourfe of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome.” It is written in.an eafy and familiar ftyle, without the leaft affectation of. learning. Swift* fays that when he doubted whether a word were perfectly intelligible, or, no, heufed to confult one of his lady’s chamber-maids,..(not the waiting woman, becaufe five might be converfant in romances), and by her judgment was guided whether to receive it or rcjedt it +. Lord Stafford, a man. of the greatefl worth, and probity, received his education at St. John’s College. He fell a victim to the perjured villainy of Oates. On his trial he made afolemn and pathetic fpeech,. protelfing his innocence;, but he was con- * A letter to a voung Clergyman. + I had once, in my own pofl'effion, a moft.humorour Jour, nal of a tour into Holland in his own hand writing ; and at- fo an account of a fecret Embafly into France, with tome very good epigrams. detuned *'( 2 3 6 ) demnedby a conflderable majority, and’beheaded oa the 19th December, 1680. Dr. Martin Lister. He was themoft diflin- guifhed Member of the Royal Society during the rign of Charles II. and wrote many valuable papers in their tranfa&ious ; and alfo feveral books en medicine and natural philofophy. His Book of Shells*, in two volumes folio, is the mod: valuable of his works. The plates were engraved principally from drawings made by his two daughters in the Afhmolean Colle&ion. For his attention to this beautiful part of Natural Hiftory, he was feverely ridiculed by Dr. Kingf , and others. Jupiter has, for much the fame reafon, been ridiculed by Lucian for fpendingfo large a portion of his time in painting the wings of butterflies. He alfo wrote a very inte- refting account of a Journey to Paris. Thomas Otway. No poet ever afFe&ed the paflion with a more maflerly Land, or w r as better acquainted with all the avenues to the human heart. He knew and felt all its emotions. He can roufe ns into rage, and melt us into pity and tcndernefs. His language is that of nature, the fimpleA imaginable, and he equally avoids the rant of Lee and the * It was re.published with, improvements by the late Mr. William Huddesford, Keeper of the Athmolean Mufeum. + See Dr. King’s Journey to London, publilhed under the fi&itious name of Sorbiere ... pomp ( 237 ) pomp-of Dry den. His tragedies have always-been- received with the loudeft applaufe, and with tears of approbation. He died in all the mii'ery of extreme poverty, on the 14th April, 1685. Mat-thsw Prior was born in July, 1664, and was entered of St. John’s College, at the age of 18. He foonburft from an obfcure origin to the height of reputation, and his “ City Moufe and Country Moufe,” which he wrote in coniundtion with Mr. Montague, afterwards Lord Halifax, procured him more i'olid advantages than the pleafure of fretting Dryden. In 1691 he filled the high fituation of Secretary to the Congrefs at the Hague, to form the grand alliance againfl: prance, and in 1697, was Secretary to the Embaffy at Ryfwyck. In 1700 he publiihed his “ Carmen Seculare,” one of the mod fplendid of his compofitions. Thus he was eminent both for his abilities and ftation ; but Pope thought him- on ly qualified to make verfes, and Dr. Johnfon thinks that, opinion right. He was. certainly well verfed in matters of trade,, but his life was irregular, negligent and fenfual. Scarcely any one has written fo much, and ti anflated fo little ; but the variety of his writings has made him popular. His, “ Alma,” written, ip.imitation of Hudibras, is rather- to be praifed for corredhnefs and induftry than for comprehenfipn. or a&ivity of fancy. He is certainly the mod corredt of our Englifh poets. He has 110 carelefj. lines,.and occafionally neither wanted . wifdom ( 238 } wifdom as a datefman, or elegance.as a poet. Fror.v his correfpondence his character appears to have been friendly, open and candid. With Swift, and the other literary men. of his day, he was very inti* mate and beloved, by them all. None of his. employments,- however, enabled him to realize an independence, and lie, was forced, towards the latter, part of his life, to publifh his works by fubfcription, by which he raifed a fufficient fum to purchafe a comfortable annuity. Ambrose Phillips. The firff produ&ion of- this poet, when at St. John’s College,, were fome verfes on the death of Queen Mary. His.paftorals were pubHfhed in 1708, but it was not until the appearance of his play of “ The Diflreffed Mother,”, that he became high in the ranks of literature,being from that time well known in all the witty and political clubs ■ of the day, Phillips being a zealous Whig, .was made-a Commiffioner of the Lottery on .the acceflion of the Hanover Family, and was alfo Secretary to the Primate Boulter in Ireland. In 1735, Fe. was made a Judge of the Prerogative Court, and. died in 1749, in his 78th year. He was a man of courage, but had a pompous haughty manner. . His writings want force and comprehen- fion,. but his numbers are frnooth and .fprightly, and his didfion is feldbm faulty. Dr. Johnfon fays that “ he has added nothing, to. Englifh .poetry, yet St leaf! half his. book, deferv.es to. be read :■ perhaps he X 239 ) be valued moft himfelf that part which the' critic would rejeX.” Thomas Baker. This learned ornament of St. John’s College, was born at Lanchester, in the county of Durham, in the year 1656. He enjoyed his fellowlhip From this college till the acceffion of the prefent royal family, when, on refuting to take the oaths, he was ejected on the 20th of January, 1,716. From that period he lived a perfect reclufe, feldom going farther than the college walks, or a coffee-houfe in an evening. The only book of his own, which Mr. Baker ever publilhed, was his “ Reflexions on Learning/’ and that appeared anonytuoufly. It went through no lefs than eight impreffions. It is written with great purity of Ryle, and evinces much learning, but is inconclufive in point of argument. He lays it down as a maxim, that “.we.fhould have more learning if we had fewer books,” and declares that he wrote with an honeft: defign of leffening the number. The manufcripts, however, which he left, fufficiently fhew how penetrating, accurate, and laborious he was : they extend to no lefs than forty-two manufcript volumes, all written with his own hand, and relate almoft entirely to the Univerfity of Cambridge. They were certainly intended as the materials for an Jtkence "Cantabrigienfes and, in his hands, fuch a work muft have been a mafterly performance; for with ^1 the care and induRrv of Wood, he had a fine genius, ( 240 ) •genius, and wrote acorredf flyle, equally ranoved from the ftiffhefs of a fententious writer, and froii) that luxuriancy which. produces long and languid periods. But he had yet greater qualities for fuch a work ; calmnefs of mind, candour o-f heart, and a mo ft unfufpedted integrity. Of his own college he wrote a moft complete hiftory, as far as it goes; and he difplays much refearch, great judgment, zeal, and attachment to the college, loyalty to the civil and ecclefiaftical conflitutions, and candour and liberality-to all parties. The whole of thefe valuable manuferipts were fold by Mr. Baker to Edward Earl of Oxford, then Lord Harley, for the trifling fum of 2l. 2 s. 6d. and are now in the Harleian Library. Mr. Baker correfponded with all the -learned men of his time, and alhfled every one who applied to him, in any work on which he might be engaged; particularly Pere Courayer, in his “ Defence of Englifh Ordination.” it was his cuftom in every book he read, to make obfervations, andfet down an account of the author, or any other intereft- ing remark, by which he enriched them extremely, particularly the well-known treatifeon “ Hereditary Right,” which is now in the Univerlify -Library, and many others -in St. John’s. Warburton, fpeaking of him, fays*--'* The people of St. John’s almoft adore the man. There is much in him to efteem, much to pity, and nothing (but his virtue and learning) to envy. He has all the juftice at prefent done to him., which few people ( 241 \ of merit have till they are dead.” And Mr. Nelfon (in his Life of Bilhop Bull), fays:—“ Amidfl: all thole extraordinary talents with which God has blefled Mr. Baker, it never appeared that he valued himfelf or deipifed others; for though his natural endowments were of'no ordinary iize, and were wonderfully improved by ftudv and application, his great learning was tempered with that modeft and humble opinion of it, that it thereby fhone with greater luftre.” His death was what he defired, preceded by no ficknefs and very little pain: it happened on the 2d of July, 1740, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. —•His friend, the learned and reverend Mr. Cole., (who, by his will, left icl. to buy a black marble flab for a monument to his departed friend), in a letter to Dr. Waterland, fays:—“ We have lately loft here an excellent man, who lived and died in that pleafurable kind of life, of entertaining himfelf and ferving didant friends in a literary way. I am juft come from hearing a fine panegvric on him from St. Mary’s pulpit (by Mr. Clarke). He lived to a great age; but fo lived, as to make it neceflary for thofe he leaves behind him, to think he died too foon.” He was, indeed, moil univerfally lamented. His life was irreproachable, his converfation entertain- ln g and improving, and his countenance pleating aud venerable. X Among ( 2 4 2 ) Among the other learned men educated in this College, are George Seaton*; Ralph Barnes; George Bullock; Dr. Cave; Dr. Collins; Dr. Stil* lingflcet; William Morgan, tranflator of the Bible into Welch; John Knewflubbs; William Whit- acre ; Thomas Moreton ; Dr. Edwards; Dr. Jen- kin; Dr. Bentley f; Lord Gainfborough; Duke of Chandos; Earl of Exeter; Earl of Malton, afterwards Marquis of Rockingham, and Lord Craven. The Society, at prefent, confifls of a Mailer, * This George Seaton was a Scotchman, and feems to have been very unfairly obtruded upon the College, by the royal mandate of James I. The following is a copy of the letter: James Rex. Trufty and well beloved we greet you well; The bearer hereof George Seaton, Mailer of Arts, intending to follow the ltudie of Divinity, we are well pleafed to further his ho- rrefl defigne in that poynte. And have thought good by thefe prefents to recommend him unto you, willing and requiring you to admit him to a Felowlhip in your Colledge, wherein if no place be prefently voyd, it is our pleafure that he lhall have the firlt which lhall happen to be voyd hereafter, notwith- ftanding any Statute or Conftitution of your Colledge made to the contrarie. Given at our Mannor of Theobalds, the joth of March, 1619. To the Mailer and Fellows of St, John’s College. t See Trinity College. fixty- ( 243 ) fixty-one Fellows, above one hundred Scholars, and many Exhibitioners: the whole number above five hundred. Vifitor, the Biftiop of Ely. This College feems to have fuffered more feverely tinder the fcourge of the Oliverians, than any other. They feized, in ancient coins, to the value of ill. according to weight (probably of filver, the value of which, at 5*. the ounce, comes to that fum), and the communion plate. They plundered the College for fixteen months together; and converted the old Court (which, before the other was built, contained above 300 Students at a time), into a prifon, for his Majeftv’s loyal fubjedls. X 2 f>s'. & itorsi ‘j'ydvt ; :■• / .Viji \S r ItsssSsft'SWf oi yirnr •«s f&$s§»' : ^i« :&£«&*&• "t»: i*ii mSS 4-'li' ,! 4 &£*&• JiaiiAtZi-'Mc' Magdajlen College V-.’Hk;’? Edw? Sta-Wobd jDjukje of Buckingham. I.W.V ( 2 4o ) Sgastialen College, T HIS College is the only one on the north fide of the river, and in that part of the town called Caftle-End. The largeft Court is about hi feet long, and 78 broad; the Chapel and Mafter’s-Lodge being on the north, and the Hall on the eafh The fecond Court is handfome, and more removed from the noife of the town. On the north-eaft is a handfome done building, with a Cloifter in front; and the Fellows’ apartments in the north and fouth wings. The Chapel, which is extremely neat, is about forty-eight feet long, eighteen broad, and of a proportionable height. The Altar-piece, of plaifter of Paris, reprefenting the Refurredlion, in alto relievo, bv the ingenious Mr. Collins, is worthy of obfer- vation. The Hall is forty-five feet long, eighteen broad, and twenty-one high; having a good Gallery and Combination-Room at the fouth end. The old Library, in the north-eaft angle of the X 3 firft i 246 ) firft Court, Is well furnifhed with printed books and manufcripts. Over the Cloifter, in the fecond Court, is an invaluable Library, with this infcription and motto Bibliotheca Pepysiana. “ Mens cujufque is eft quifque.” In this collection are the books and manufcripts of Samuel Pepys, Efq. Secretary to the Admiralty, in the reigns of Charles II, and James II,; a man who did more to reduce the complicated bufinefs of this department, and pcrfedl the adminifiration of the Engl tilt Navy, than any who either preceded or have fucceeded him. They confift of a large collection of Afts of State, Books, and Manufcripts, relating to Maritime Affairs, in feveral reigns. There is alfo, in this Library, a great number of curious prints and drawings, by the moft celebrated ,mailers in Europe. The original Founder of this College was Edward Sta fford, Duke of Buckingham, fen of Henry, the preceding Duke, who was beheaded in the reign of Richard lit.—Edward was reftoied to nis- father’s honours and eflate, and became the diilinguifhed favourite of Henry the Eighth, He attended that monarch at his famous interview with Francis the Firft, and vied with the rival Sovereigns in in pomp and fplendour. He was, however, rapidly thrown from the heighth of glory ; being fufpe&ed, and confequently accufed, by Wolfey, of a defign to claim the fuceeffion to the crown, upon the mere eircumftance of one Hopkins having prophecied that Henry would die without male iifue. He was declared guilty, and executed on Tower-hill, on the 17th of May, 1521. His deftru&ion may more probably be attributed to his being Lord High Conft able, the greatnefs of that Utuation always exciting fufpicion; and this fuppo- iition is corroborated by the circumftance of his being the laid who held that office. It is alfo probable that Wolfey wifhed to deftroy his rival favourite ; for, having one day had the impudence to dip his fingers in the bafon, which Buckingham held for the King to wafih his hands in, the Duke, to ihew his fenfe of the infult, poured fame of the ■water into the Cardinal’s fhoes. Wolfey, enraged at this, threatened, on the firft occalion, to fit on Buckingham’s Jkirts. The latter, on his next appearing in the royal presence, came in a jacket without any fkirts; and, upon foe King’s enquiring the reafon, told him, wdth an air of pleafantry, that it was merely to difappoint the Cardinal, by putting it out of his power to perform his threat. The College, however, not being legally com- fleted on the Duke’s death, (as was pretended in the cafe ( 248 ) cafe of Chrift Church, Oxford, founded by Wol- fey), Thomas Lord Awdley, Baron of Walden, and Lord High Chancellor of England, obtained a grant from Henry VIII. incorporated the Society by the name of “ The Mafter and Fellows of St. Mary Magdalen College in the fair Univerfity of Cambridge,” and endowed it with lands for the maintenance of a Mafter and four Fellows; which number has fince been increafed to flxteen, by the bene- fadlions of Mr. Dennis, in 1543; Mr- SpendlofFe, of Lincoln, in 1584; Sir Chriftopher Ray, Lord- Chief-Juftice of the Common-Pleas, in 1587; and, at his death in 1592, the Countefs of Warwick, daughter of the faid Sir Chriftopher, in 1624; Mr. John Smith, Prelident of the College, in 1637; and the Rev. Mr. Drue Drury, in 1698. Several good Fellowfhips and Exhibitions were founded by John Hughs, Chancellor of Bangor, in 1543; Mr. Roberts, in 1591; Godfrey Fuljamb, Elq. in 1604; Mr. William Holmes, in 1656; Dr. Duport, Mafter of this College, in 1679; Dr. Milner, Vicar of Bexhill, in Suflex, in 1722; and his lifter, Mrs. Milner; Dr. Millington, Vicar-of Kenfington, in 17 24; and his brother, Mr. James Millington. The moft conliderable contributors to the new building were Dr. Gabriel Quadring, D. D. Retftor of Dry Drayton, and Mafter of this College; Earl of Anglefea; Sir Thomas Sanderfon, afterwards Lord ( 249 ) Lord Caflleton; James, Earl of Suffolk; Bifhop Rainbow; Samuel Pepys, Eftj. ; Bifliop Cumberland; Charles Seymour; Duke of Somerfet; Lord North and Grey; Dr. Duport; Sir Edward Sawyer, Attorney-General. Some will have it that the furname of the fecond Founder, Lord Audley, is contained in Maudlin, the common appellation of this College ; thus: M’AUDLEY’N. Another writer fuppofes that it originated from their wine-lefs lives, and drinking tea to excefs; which is certainly corroborated by the evidence of Fuller, as to their regularity; for he fays, that— “ Though the Scholars of this College are far- theft from the Schools, yet they are remarkable for being firft there; and are entirely removed from all town temptations, being cut off from the continent of Cambridge by the river, and having the rofe- garden on the one fide, and (what is no rofe), a fmoking brewhoufe belonging to Jefus on the other! ” The Members of this College feern alfo to have acquired the nickname of Simeonites, from what caufe I cannot exactly find out. The reverend and. pious Charles Simeon, M. A. Fellow of King’s, from whom the appellation takes its rife, was the venerated inventor of “ Skeletons of Sermons!” Bishops 2 5 ° ) Bishops and eminent Men. George Lloyd, Bifhop of Chefler, 1604., 2d Jac. I. John Bridgman, Bifhop of Chefler, 1619, 17th Jac. I. Edward Rainbow, Bifhop of Carlifle, 1664, 16th Charles II. This learned and eloquent Divine was ejected from the Maflerfhip of this College for not hgning the Engagement in 1650, but reflored in 1660. He firfl difplayed the quicknefs and brilliancy of his parts by an extemporary fpeech at a public a fit, when called upon to fupply the place of the prevaricator, who had been pulled down by the Vice-Chancellor for his fcurrility. He, on many cccafions afterwards, difplayed his fuperior eloquence in the pulpit; but his flyle was too florid, and even bordered upon affeftation, which he afterwards correfted. He was a man of polite manners, uncommon learning, and of exemplary piety. His charities were numerous and well applied. He died on the 26th of March, 1684. Richard Cumberland, Bifhop of Peterborough, 1691, 3d William and Mary. This learned Prelate was the author of a valuable book on the law of nature and nations, and of feveral other works. Richarp ( 251 } Richard Ci,ayton, D. D. Mailer of St. John’s, and Dean of Peterborough. John Peach el, Mafter, fufpended by the Ec- clefiaftical Commiffion, in 1667, when he was Vice-Chancellor. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Chancellor of York and Archdeacon of Middlefex. Dr. Holins. Earl of Anglesea. Lord North and Grey. Sir Thomas Sanderson, afterwards Lord Caf- tleton. Dr. William Sherlock, Bilhop of London. He wrote more pieces againft Popery than any other of his cotemporaries. Dr. South, his adverfary, on the difpute concerning the Trinity, acknowledged his merit in the Popifh controverfy, though in nothing elfe. Sir Robert Sawyer, Attorney-General, from 1681 to 1687; during which period he Iliewed him- felf, upon many important occafions, a molt judicious and expert lawyer, and a no lefs ufeful man. He formed himfelf after the Lord-Chief-Baron Hale, under whom he praftifed, and of whom he was a juft admirer. Like that excellent perfon, he was a man of general learning, and poffeffed an integrity which nothing could corrupt. James foon difmifled him from the office of Attorney-General, perceiving ( hat he could not be prevailed upon to pervert the law's { 2 5 2 ) laws to purpafes never intended by the Legiflature. He has been juftly cenfured for his harlh treatment -of Lord Ruffel on his trial; which appeared Hill ilronger, when contrafted with the gentlenefs and candour of Pemberton. He died at Highcleer, in Hampfhire, 1692. The Earls -of Suffolk, and feveral others of that family, defcended from the Founder, Lord Audley, were educated at this College. The Society, at prefent, confifts of a Mailer, fixteen Fellows, forty Scholars and Exhibitioners. Number, in general, about fifty-five. Vifitor, Lord Howard. Tkinitit College mm $ /// m< : $ Y'- 1 jp^. Henry8. FwbtutTi&JIftxy /, fSOl 7>i/ Zds.-. Jf-i'-rinig y3 ( 2 53 ) Slrinttp College, Tri NITY College is fituate between the high ftreet on the eaft, and the river Cam on the weft; having St. John’s College on the north, and Caius College on the fouth, and contains two fpa-- cious quadrangles. The firft Court, next the ftreet, is much the largeft, being 344 feet in length on the weft fide, and 325 on the eaft; 287 feet broad on the fouth fide, and 256 on the north. It has a magnificent gate*, which is the entrance from the ftreet; and another gate, adorned with four lofty towers, called Queen’s-gate, on the fouth. The Chapel, the Mafter’s-Lodge,' and the Hall, form near one half of this grand quadrangle; in the middle of which is a beautiful conduit of an oflagonal figure, fup- ported by pillars, which fupplies the College with excellent water, always running, conveyed thither by a fubterraneous aquedudl a mile in length. * On the top of this tower was Sir Ifaac Newton’s Obfer* tatory, lately taken down. Y The ( *54 0 The fouth end of the weft fide has been rebuilt In an elegant ftyle, and is a fpecimen of the manner in which it is propofed to rebuild the whole quadrangle. In this building are the new Combination- rooms; the.largeft of which is very neatly fitted up and adorned with the paintings of .his-grace,-Charles Duke of Somerfet, Chancellor of the Univerfity, in full robes of the Order of the Garter, painted by Dance; and John, Marquis of Granby, leaning on his horfe, painted by Sir Jofliua Reynolds, being ■prefents from Charles Lord Granby, then Member of Parliament for the Univerfitv, and now Duke of Rutland; and a painting of Zachary Pearce, Bifliop .of Rochefter. The fecond Court, which was built by Dr. Tho- .tnas Nevill, Dean of Canterbury, Mafter of this Gollege, and called Nevill’s Court, meaftires 22 % deet on the fouth fide, 223 on the north, 132 on the eaft, and 148 on the w.eft. The greateft part ■ of the fouth and north fides having been rebuilt, and the-other parts much altered and beautified with .a baluftrade, and other ornaments, this Court is ef- tecmed the moft elegant ; being encompafled on three .fides by a fpacious piazza, over which are the Library and apartments of the Students,; the Hall •forming the eaft fide of the Court, in the front 0^ which is a grand ..tribunal upon a terrace, with an handfome flight of fieps and baluftrade. The .-area, in .the .middle, is daid out in one beautiful large ( 2 55 ' ) large grafs plat, with a neat border of hone round it. The Chapel is a grand and elegant ftrudture, 204 feet in length, including the ante-chapcl, and thirty- three feet eight inches broad on the infide; the height forty-three feet feven inches. A beautiful Cmplicity reigns throughout the building. The Altar-piece is a fine painting by Weft; the fubjedi St. Michael driving the rebellious Angels out of Heaven, which was put up at the expence of the late Right Rev. Dr. John HinchlifFe, Lord Bifhop of Peterborough, and Mafter of the College : on each fide of the Altar are two fine pieces of old painting, reprefenting the figures of our Saviour and St. John the Baptift on one fide, and the Virgin Mary and Elizabeth, the mother of St. John, on the other, in niches finely painted in perfpeftive. It is adorned with elegant flails, and a noble organ- gallery, which feparates the Chapel from the Ante- Chapel. Here are fmging men and chovifters as in a cathedral, and a mofl admirable organ; and there is no place where the audience are more agreeably entertained with folemn church-mufic: nor is the eye lefs delighted than the ear, from the great number of Students ranged in regular order, in this noble oratory ; which is illuminated in the evening by a vafl number of wax lights. In the ante-chapel Rands, ere£ted at the expence °f the late Mafter, Dr. Smith, a noble ftatue of Y 2 Sir ( 256 ) Sir Ifaac Newton, executed by the celebrated Roubiliac, and is efteemed an admirable piece of ft a tu ary *. Near the Chapel Hands the Mafter’s-Lodge, in which are very grand apartments, fit for the reception of a prince; and here the King always refides, and is entertained, whenever he vifits Cambridge-. The Judges alfo, in their circuits, make- this their refidence during the Affizes. The Hall, at the fouth end of the Mafter’s- Lodge, is fuitable to the other public buildings; being upwards of 100 feet long, forty broad, and fifty high, with two grand bow windows of an extraordinary depth. It is adorned with the portraits- of Sir Henry Spelman ; Lord-Chief-J'uftice Coke; Sir Francis Bacon Lord Verulam, Lord-Chancellor of England in the reign of King James I.; Bilhop Pearfon; Bilhop Wilkins; Mr. Ray; Mr. Cowley; Lord Rulfcl; Sir Ifaac Newton; the Earl- of Mac- '* On the pedeltal is this Latin infeription Qui genus lumianum ingenio fuperaviL We may, indeed, fay : “ He, belov’d Of Heaven 1 , whofe well purg’d, penetrative eye, The myftic veil tranfpiercing inly fcann’d The riling, moving, wide, eftabiiihed frame.” clesfield, ( 2 57 ) clesfield, Lord-Chancellor in the reign of King George I.; Mr. Hawkins; Mr. Radcliffe; Dr. Bar- row; Mr. Dryden; Dr. Bentley; and Dr. Robert Smith, F. R. S. formerly Mafters; and Prince William of Gloucefter, who was educated here. The portraits of learned Members are not only fuperior, but more numerous than in any other College. Indeed, had Locke happened to have had his education here, this group might have made head again!! any Univerfity on any fubjecl of literature. Under the paintings on one fide are the bulls of the mofl celebrated of the ancient poets, orators, and pliilofophers; and on the other, the moderns. The Library, which conflitutes the weft end of NevilPs, or the inner court, is the grandeft ftruc- ture of the kind in the kingdom; being 190 feet in length, forty in breadth, and thirty-eight in height within. It is afcended by a fpacious ftaircafe, wain- fcotted with cedar, the fteps of black marble ; and entering by folding-doors at the north end, it appears inexpreffibly beautiful: the floor is of marble. The fpacious dalles, which are thirty in number, are of oak, which time has reduced to the colour of cedar: and the great number of fcarce and valuable books and manufcripts they contain, richly deferve attention. Among!! other curiofities m the Library, are an Egyptian mummy and Ibis, given to the Society by the prefent Earl of Sandwich, on his return from his travels; who alfo Y 3 pre- ( 258 ) prefented a great number of curiofities brought from the newly-difcovered illands in the South Seas. There is alfo a dried human body of one of the original inhabitants of the Madeiras; and the orh ginal manufcript of Milton’s Comus, and feveral of his other productions ; and many of the curiofi- ties brought from Otaheite. Here are the portraits of the Duke of Albemarle, fon to General Monk, who was fo inftvumental in the reftoration of King Charles II.; of Dr. Gale, 'Dean of York ; of Mr. Gale; of Sir Henry Puckering of Dr. Nevill, who built the court; and of Mr. Abraham Cowley, the poet; and four beautiful bulls on marble pedeflals, two at each end, of the celebrated Ray, Willoughby, Bacon, and Newton. The building was projected by Dr. Ifaac Barrow*, who collected the fubfcriptions for it, which amounted to near 20,000/. the celebrated Sir Chriltopher Wren being the architect. The Library is terminated by an elegant window of painted glafs, executed by Mr. Peckitt, of York, from a defign of Cipriani, reprefenting his prefent Majefty feated on the throne under a magnificent canopy. S ir Ifaac Newton and Lord-Chancellor Bacon, the two diftinguifhed Members of this Society, are pre- * The numerous letters he wrote on the occafion are preferred, and difcover a wonderful fertility of invention, 10 varying the manner of addrefs to the perfons folkited. fented ( 2 59 ) fented to the King bv the Mufe or Genius of the place; his Majefty attended and advifed by the Bri- tifh Minerva, is giving the laurel chaplet to Sir Ifaac, who is explaining the fphere. Lord Bacon, in bis Chancellor’s robes, is in the attitude of ftudy. The window contains near 140 fquare feet of glafs, is allowed by the beffc judges to be highly finifhed, in an entirely new ft vie, and has an admirable efFedt; the expence whereof came to about 500/. and was the gift of the late Mafter of the College, the reverend and learned Dr. Robert Smith, F. R. S. who, beftdes leaving a good colledlion of books to the Library, was alfo a confiderable benefadlor to the College. In the Library-ftaircafe is a valuable col- ledlion of ancient Roman monuments (all brought from the northern parts of England), the gift of Sir John Cotton, of Stratton, as appears by the following tablet fixed on the wall: “ Hac Romanorum monument a a Cl. Viro Rob. !t Cotton Bart, in Anglia Partibus Boreis undiqrn “ conquijita , & in Viliam fuam de Connington in Agra “ Hunting, comportata ; hue tandem anno 1750 fuis “ Sumptibus transferenda curavit Job. Cotton de Strat~ “ ton BaronettusP And an ancient marble, with a long inferiptiors, from Sigeum. This was bequeathed to the Society by Edward Wortley Mountague, Efq. and fent to the ( 260 ) the College by his daughter, the Right Honourable Lady Mary, Countefs of Bute, with a fum of mo- ' ney to purchafe a bulb of the importer. This Library, which for the elegance, talbe, and judgment, difplayed in the infide, may juflly be flyled the firlb gallery in Europe, is adorned on the outfide with pilafters, carved chapiters, and architraves; and a flone balulbrade runs round the top of it. Over the eaib front are four fine ftatues, reprefenting Divinity, Law, Phyfic, and Mathematics, done by Mr. Caius Gabriel Cibber (father of Colley Cibber, the late Poet-laureat), who executed the two admired figures before Bedlam, and one of the vafes in Hampton-Court Gardens. All the upper part of the arches are filled up. In the middle one is a fine bas-relief of Ptolemy receiving the new Greek Ver- fion of the Bible, in the famous Library of his founding, from the LXX interpreters. Under the Library is a fpacious piazza of equal dimenfions, out of which open three gates of wrought iron towards the river; over which we pafs to the walks by a fine Ibone bridge of three arches, defigned and executed by the late Mr. James Effex, F. S. A. The walks are about the third part of a mile in circumference, having the river and elegant buildings on the eaft, and corn-fields and an open country on the wed. There is a fine villa through the lofty limes of the middle walk ; and on the north and fouth are fhady walks of horfe-chefnuts and , limes, ( 26l ) limes, which make the whole very delightful, and much frequented both at noon-day and evening. Thefe walks, which, together with thofe of St. John’s, Clare-Hall, and King’s Colleges, Ikirt the whole weft fide of tire town, afford the moft advantageous view of the principal buildings. There are few places in Europe, where fo many elegant edifices may be taken into the eye at once, on one fide, and a rural landfcape of native ftmplicity on the other. This College was founded by King Henry VIIL oil the fcite of two other Colleges, and a hoftel,, viz.— X. King’s-Hall, founded by Henry III. 2. St. Michael’s, built by ■ ■ — - Harvey, of Stanton, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 17th Edward II.; and, 3. Phyftck’s Hoftel, built by William Phyfick, Efquire-Beadle; to the revenues of which houfes King Henry VIII. made great additions, and eredted one fpacious College, dedicating it to the Holy Trinity; appointing a Mafter, fixty Fellows, fixty- feven Scholars, four Condudts, three Public Profef- fors, thirteen poor Scholars, twenty Beadfmen, be- fides fervants; the whole number of Students, QfE- cers > and fervants, of the foundation, amounting to 440. Subfequent Benefadtors were, Thomas Alien, Clerk; Sir Edward Stanhope,, who gave 900/. to the ( 262 ) the Library; the Lady Bromley; the Lady Anns Weald; Mrs. Elizabeth Elvis; Dr. Bill, Mafler;; Dr. Beaumont, Mailer; Dr. Whitgift, Mafler; Dr. Cofins; Dr.. Barrow, Mafler; Dr. Skevington; William Cooper, Efq.; Sir William Sidley; Sir Thomas Lake; Sir John Suckling; Dr. Robert Bankworth; Sir Ralph Hare; Dr. Duport; Sir Thomas Sclater; Dr. Babbington ; Bifhop Hacket;. the reverend and learned Dr. Robert Smith; the late Mafler, Dr. Hooper; and Dr. Richard Walker. Bishops and eminent Men. John Christopherson, Bifhop of Chicheller, 1557, 5th Mary. Nicholas Bullingham, Bifhop of Worcef- ter, 1570, 13th Elizabeth. John Whitgift*, Mafler of Trinity, Arch- bifhop of Canterbury. Whitgift had not been long feated on the fummit of power, when he drew up rules for the regulation of the prefs, which were publifhed with the fandlion of the Star-Chamber; and ordained that no printing-preffes fhould be allowed except in London, and one in each Univerfity; thofe in London to be licenfed by the Ecclefiaflical Commiffion. That no book fhould be printed, un- lefs perufed and licenfed by the Archbilhop and Bifhop * See Peterhoufe, p. 5. ( &S ) /hop of Xondon, and that no book fhould be printed againfl any flatute or law of the realm. To this enormous extenfion of inquifitorial power, we are told, the Queen was induced to agree, on information received from Whitgift: and •the violence of the meafure does feem to authorffie Mr. Hume’s dbl'ervations on the Star-Chamber •edifls in Elizabeth’s reign, notwithstanding what has been faid to the contrary *. In 1587, the Queen offered him the place of Chancellor, which he refufed.-—He conflantly attended her Majefty during her laid illnefs, and was the chief mourner at her funeral. James the Firft received him mod gracioufly; but he did not long •enjoy the favours of that Prince, a paralytic ftroke having put an end to his life in February, 1604. Whitgift was a fenhble, but not a learned man. His religious principles were uniform, but his zeal rendered them arbitrary and intolerant. In the execution of his office he was indefatigable, and in his manner of living uncommonly profufe. His love •of ecclefiaftical pomp was fo extravagant, that he feems to have equalled even the fplendor of Wolfey. He had a body of fixty fervants all trained up to martial affairs, and muttered every week; his liable being well furnifhed with horfes to complete their equipment. * I allude to the elegant and inftni£tive kfVures of Mr. Mackintofli. On ( 264 ) On folemn feftivals he was fervc-d on the knee; and, on his firft journey to Canterbury, he was at* tended by a hundred fervants in livery, forty of which wore chains of gold. His whole train of gentlemen and clergy confided of 500 perfons.— His funeral was attended by his pupils, the Earl of Worcefter, Lord Zouch, and Bifhop Babington, who preached the funeral fermon. John Still, Bifhop of Bath and Wells, 1592* 35th Elizabeth. Gervaise Babington, Bifhop of Exeter, 1594, 37th Elizabeth. Anthony Rudd, Bifhop of St. David’s, 1594, 37th Elizabeth, Matthew Hutton, Bifhop of Durham, and Archbifhop of York, 37th Elizabeth, 1594.—This Prelate owed his rife to the high applaufe he gained from his public exercife, when Queen Elizabeth vi- fited Cambridge. He had once the boldnefs, in a fermon he preached before the Queen at Whitehall, to prefs ftrongly upon her confidence the neceffity and importance of fixing the fucceffion. He even told her, “ that Nero was efpecially hated for wifh- ing to have no fucceffor; and that Auguftus was worfc beloved, for appointing an ill man to fucceed him.” He then alluded to the King of Scots, as one who, from proximity of blood, might be expedited to fucceed. This difcourfe probably pleafed all the audience but ( 265 ) but the Queen ; who, contrary to their expe&atioft, had fufficient command of her temper to ftifle her refentment, and, with great compofure of countenance, to thank him for his difcourfe; but fhe foon after fent two counfellors to him with a very fharp reproof. It appears that fhe was very defirous of procuring the fermon, but the Archbifhop would never let it out of his hands *. William Redman, Bifhop of Norwich, 1594* 37th Elizabeth. Godfrey Golsborough, Bilhop of Gloucef* ter, 1598, 40th Elizabeth. Robert Bennett, Bifhop of Hereford, 1604, 45th Elizabeth. William Barlow, Bifhop of Rochefter, 1605, 3d Jac. I. Martin FothErby, Bifhop of Sarum, i6i8> 16th Jac. I. Richard Milbourn, Bifhop of Carlifle, 1621, I g:h Jac. I. Godfrey Goodman, Bifhop of Gloucefler, 1624, 22d Jac. I. Leonard Mawe, Bifhop of Bath and Wells', 1628, 4th Car. I. John Cowle, Bifhop of Rochefter, 1629, $th ‘ Car. I. Menry FernE, Bifhop of Chefter, l66f, i3 f h Car, * Sir John Harrington, £ , { 266 ) Car. II.—He was the fon of Sir John Feme, of York, Knt. and was for fome time Chaplain to Biihop Morton, and Archdeacon of Leicefter; fiorn which he was removed for his loyalty during the ■civil wars. On the Reftoration, he was eleded Mafter of Trinity, was Vice-Chancellor in 1660, and -Dean of Ely foon afterwards. He was next advanced to the Bifhopric of Chefter, where he fat but five weeks; and died on the 16th of March, j 662, aged fifty-nine. He afhfted in the Polyglot Bible, and was author of many learned works. John Hacket, Bifhop of Litchfield and Coventry, 16&1, .13th Car. IL—-This pious, humane, learned, and eloquent Prelate, was highly-.efleemed By all Wb© inew .him. His'temper was naturally lively, which, added to his innate cheerfulnefs, made him the happy man he feemed to be. He would oftentimes, like Plato, give God thanks that he was not bred among rude and barbarous people, but among civil and polifhed Athenians; that he was not condemned to fome monkifh fociety, or ignorant ■cloiller, but to the Greece of Greece itfelf; for fo he ufed .to call Trinity College. He poffeffed the redlories of St. Andrew’s, Hol- born, a .Prebendal-ftall, and Relidentiary’s Place in St.- Paul’s, as well as the living of Cheam, in Sur- ,ry : the two former he was compelled to relingui/h Buring the civil wars, but they wcr.e returned to hun at the Reftoration. Soon ( 26 7 ) Soon after that event, having received notice of the interment of a fanatic belonging to his parith, Dr. Racket got the burial-fervice by heart. Being a great matter of elocution, and always much af- fedted with the propriety and excellence of the com- pofition, he delivered it with fuch eloquence and grace, as made a deep impreflion on every one pre- fent, and efpecially the friends of the deceafed, who unanimoufly declared they never heard a finer dil- courfe; and were not a little aftonifhed, when they were told it was taken from our Liturgy; a book which, though they had never read, they were accuftomed to regard witli contempt and detetta- tion. Dr. Racket’s merits were too confpicuous to permit him to remain long unrewarded. Re was offered the Bii'hopric of Gloucefter, which he re- fufed; faying, that he would rather future times fhould afk why Dr. Racket had not a Bifihopric, than why he had one. In 1661, however, he was made Bifhop of the ruined cities of Litchfield and Coventry ; and immediately caufed the magnificent cathedral, the fined: public building in England, according to Dr. Plott, to be repaired, at the expence of 2o;ooo/. During his retirement with his pupil, Sir John Byron, at Newttede Abbey, he wrote a Latin comedy, entitled “ Loyola;” which was twice adfed before King James II. Z 2 His ( 268 ) His fermons, and “ Life of Arclibifhop WiL liams,” were publilhed after his deceafe : the latter is thought too favourable to the character of the Archbilhop; but,, obferves Mr. Granger, it ought to be recollected, that it is as difficult for a good: natural and grateful perfon to fpeak ill of his friend and patron, as it is to fpeak ill. of himfelf. He died in the year 1670, in the feventy-eighth. year of his age. Robert Skinner, Bifhop of Worcefter, 166$ 15th Car. II. John Wilkins, Bifhop of Cheftcr, 1668, 20th. Car. II. John Creighton, Eiffiop of Bath and Wells, 1670, 22d Car. II. Edward Jones, Bifhop of St. Afaph, 1699, nth Will. III. Adam Loftus, Archbifliop of Dublin. John Hampton, Archbilhop of Dublin. Nicholas Claggett, Bilhop of St. Davids 1731, 5th Geo. II. Robert Butts, Bifhop of Ely, 1738, 12th. Geo. II. Fulke Gr.evile Lord Brooke, the companion and fchoolfellow of his coulin the memorable Sir Philip Sidney, was defeended from the noble families of Beauchamps of Powick and Willoughby de Brooke. On his return from his travels, he was introduced to Queen. Elizabeth by his uncle Robert Grevile t ( 269 ) Grevile; and, by the influence of Sir Henry Sidney, was nominated to fome lucrative preferments in the principality of Wales. ■ In the year 1581, he highly fignalifed himfelf in the tilts and 'tournaments with which the French commiffioners,'Who came to treat about the Queen’s marriage with-the Duke of Anjou, were entertained. From this time he became a conftant attendant at Court, and a great favourite with the Queen to the end of her reign, having obtained fe- veral very lucrative- offices. He was alfo feveral times Member of Parliament for the county of Warwick; and, from the frequent appearance of 1 his name in the Journals’of the Houfe, feems to- have been an aftive man of buflnefs.* During the reign of King James he continued ib equal favour; being inft ailed Knight of the Bath, made Under-Treafurer, Chancellor of the- Exchequer, one of the Privy-Council, Lord of the Bedchamber, and raifed to the dignity of Baron, by the title of Lord Brooke, of Beauchamp’s-Court. He alfo obtained a grant of Warwick-Caftle, then in ruins, which he repaired at a great expence, and made his refldence. In the beginning , of Charles the Firft’s reign,-he founded an hiftorical left are at Cambridge ; the firft profelfor of which was Ifaac Doriflaus, a native of • Holland, and Doftor in Civil Law, Lord Brooke, lived to the age of feventy-four, in Z- 3 v cotv- £ 2JO > continued profperity, and generally admired as a gentleman and a fcholar, when he fell by the hand of an afiaflin, one of his own domeftics;. who immediately ftabbed himfelf with the fame weapon with which he had murdered his matter. The fellow's name was Haywood; and the caufe was a fevere reprimand he received for upbraiding his maf- ter (whofe will he had fecretly feen), for not providing for him after his death. The affair happened in Br.ook-Houfe, Holborn. Lord Brook was buried with great pomp in his own vault, in St. Mary’s-Church, Warwick; where he ordered the following infcription to be engraved, 'ygon his tomb: Fhlke Grevile, Servant to Queen Elizabeth,. Counfellbr to King James, And friend to Sir Bhilip Sidney, Troph^eum peccati. Robert Devereux, Earl of Eflex, was bom- in the year 1567, fucceeded to his title at ten years of age, and two years afterwards was fent by his- guardian, Lord Burleigh, to Trinity College. In his feyenteenth year, he was introduced to the Queen, who immediately honoured him with ftrong maiks of her favour. This need not excite much fur- prize, as he was her relation, the fon of one of her ( * 7 * ) tnoft faithful fervants, the fon-in-law of her favourite Leicefter, and one of the handfomeft and moll accomplilhed men at the Courts He joined Leicefter's expedition to Holland, and highly diftinguilhed himfelf, particularly at the battle of Zutphen, where the gallant Sidney was mortally wounded. On this occafion, Leicefler conferred upon him the honour of a Knight-Banneret. In 1587, Eflex was made Mafler of the Horfej and, on the threatened invafion by the Spanifh Armada, was made General of the Horfe, and Knight of the Garter., From this moment he was confi- dered as the happy favourite of the Queen. That intoxicating fituation did not, however, render him infenhble to the allurements of military glory ; for without the permiffion or knowledge of his royal miflrefs, he followed Sir John Norris and Sir Francis Drake's expedition againft Spain, and ailed with great courage in the fepulfe of the Spa- uifh garrifon at Lilbon. The Queen wrote him an angry letter on the occahon, but his return foon appealed her. In 1596, he commanded jointly with the Lord- High-Admiral Howard, in the expedition againft Cadiz, the particulars of which are well known.. On his return, he was made Earl-Marfhal of England; in 1598, Chancellor of the Univerfity of Cambridge,, and the following year Lord-Deputy of Ire- ( 272 ) Ireland. It is evident 1 that he accepted this, his-laft preferment, with great reluctance. In his * letter to.the Queen,, he fays: “ From a mind delighting in forrow, from fpirits “ wafted with paflion,. from .a-heart torn in pieces “ with care,, grief, and travel, from a man that “ hateth himfelf, and all- things elfe that keep him “ alive; what fervice can your Majefty expefi, “ fince any fervice paft deferves no more than ba- “ nifhment and profc.ription to the curfedeft of all “ iftands.” His enemies- evidently flattered him into the acceptance of this hateful commiflion. They told him that no man but himfelf could-fubdue the Irifh rebels. Theyv meant to ruin him, andhefell into the fnare. On his return from Ireland without leave, the Queen received . him with a mixture of tendernefs and feverity; but he was foon after- committed to the cuftody of the Lord-Keeper, where he remained fix months. On regaining his liberty,, he was guilty of every extravagance to which fools and knaves, or his own ■ paflions, cowld inftigate him. , He confined the Lord-Keeper, the> Lord-Chief-Juftice, and tvro, others, fent to him by the Qpeen to know -his grievances, and then- marched into the city with Li\ •* Printed in the Cabala. friends, ( 273 ) friends, hoping that the people would rife in his favour ; but in this he was difappointed. He was at laft belieged and taken in his houfe, in Effex-ftreet, committed to the Tower, tried by his peers, condemned, and executed. Effex was the victim of . his paffions. When the Queen gave him a box on the ear, and bid him go end be hanged, he put his hand on his fword anA (wore revenge. Where was his gallantry on this occafion ? Could a ftroke from an angry woman tinge the honour of a gallant foldier ? Many have wondered, that, confidering Elizabeth’s affedVion for Effex, fire could confent to his execution; but, if die had been informed and believed that he had faid* She grew eld and cankered, and that her mind was be- cme as crooked as her carcafe —where is the woman that would not facrifice fuch a lover to her refent- ment ? This very brave, this very loyal fubjedf, this favourite of the Queen, this idol of the people, this polite fcholar and generous friend to literature, thus fell a facrifice to his want of that diffimulation, that cunning, and of that court policy, by which his enemies were enabled to effedt his ruin. Robert Cecie, Earl of Salilbury, youngelt fon of William Lord Burleigh, was educated in this College. He was Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth and King James, Mafier of the Court of Wards, and afterwards Lord-Treafurer. He had great ( 274 ) great abilities, and in induftry and capacity was not inferior to his father ; but more artful, infmuating, and infmeere. King James ufed to call him his “ Lit* tie Beagle,” alluding to the many difcoveries he made. He built the magnificent houfe at Hatfield* ■where he died, on the 24th of May, 1612. Sir Francis Bacon Lord Verulam, Lord- High-Chancellor of England. Mr. Granger juflly obferves, of this iiluflrious ornament of his coun* try, “ that he eminently united knowledge, judgment, and eloquence. His penetrating genius dif- covered the emptinefs of the vifionary fyflems of philofophy, which had for many ages amufed mankind, and taught the world the fure method of coming to truth by experiment: but he that prefided with fuch great abilities as the arbiter of right and wrong, in the high eft court of juftice in the kingdom, was the dupe of his own fervants; who are faid to have cheated him at the lower end of the table, while he fat in deep abftra&ion at the top.” It ought not to be omitted, in palliation of the only weak part in the charadter of this great man, that, though he connived at bribes being taken by his fervants, none of his decrees were unjuft. Sir Edward Coke, Lord-Chief-Juft ice of the King’s-Bench, was educated in this College under Whitgift. The infolence, paffion, and exceftive rancour of this great luminary of the law, completely equalled his deep knowledge and experience: ( 2 75 ) nor was he inferior in the fneannefs of his adaption, when he called the Duke of Buckingham, upon his return from Spain, “ Our Saviour.” The fcholar and the gentleman can never forgive him for his behaviour .to the accomplifhed Sir Walter Raleigh, whom, on his trial, he called, “ A traitor, monfter, viper, and fpider of hell.” He died at his houfe at Stoke, in Buckinghamfhire, on the 3d of September, 1634, in the eighty-third year of his age. Sir Henry S pel man. This learned and in- duftrious antiquary, to whom every writer of Eng- iifh hiftory .is fo much indebted, was fkilled in all the learned languages, and the chief r.eftorer of Saxon; for which he fettled a ledhire in the Uni- ■verfity of Cambridge. Dr. Gibfon publifhed an •edition of bis .Englifh works in 1695. Ete died full of years, and of literary and virtuous fame, in •1641. Lord Russell, eldeft fon of the Earl of Ledford. Sir Edward Stanhope, Vicar-General. Dr. Richard Cosins, Dean of the Arches. ■'Sir Robert Nauntom, Secretary of State. Sir John Ccp.e, Secretary of State. Sir Francis Nether6ole, Secretary to the 'Queen of Bohemia. John Packet, Secretary to the Duke of Buck- ®og.ham. Mr. ( *76 } Mr. Coleman, Secretary to the Duke of York; who gave the Ptolemaic Library. Dr. Isaac Barrow. This learned Divine ftu- •died and pradtifed that part of Divinity, which makes men wifer and better. He was famous for his great ftrength of mind and extent of knowledge ; and in mathematics and geometry Hands unrivalled. The fame genius, that feemed to be born only to bring hidden truths to light, to rife to the heights or defcend to the depths of fcience, could fometimes amufe itfelf in the flowery paths of poetry. Dr. Barrow was excelled only by one, who was his pupil (Sir Ifaac Newton). He was Angular for the length of his fermons, having once preached three hours and a half. Indeed, he knew not how to leave off writing, until he had entirely exhaufted his fubjedt. He was, according to the annals of the Univerflty, the lafl: of the family of the Spin- texts. His modefty is ftrongly difplayed, by his conflant refufal to At for his pidlure; which was, •however, at lafl done by Health, by his particular friend, Mrs. Beale. Dr. Barrow died in May, 1677, at the age of forty-feven. His works, in Latin and Englilh, ari publifhed in four volumes, folio. Sir Isaac Newton. This great philofopher flniihed his education in this College, under Dr. Barrow, then Mailer, and his application was fo great, ( 2 77 ) great, that it was thought he would have killed hitjifelf with ftudy, if he had not wrought with his hands in making experiments. His mighty talents broke from obfcurity in the reign of James the Firft; and that illuftrious proof of the powers of the human mind, his “ Principia,” occafxoned the greatefl: revolution that was ever made in the world of fcience. Never was there a motto more applicable than two lines of Lucretius, to this great man : “ Qui genus humanum ingenio fuperavit, et omnes Perftrinxit ftellas, exortus ut aetherins fol,” The epitaph on his monument was written by Dr, Bentley, and is as follows : Hie quiefeunt Ofla atque pulvis, Ifaaci Newton. Si quxris quis et qualis ille fuerit, Abi. Sin ex ipfo nomine, reliquia novifii, Sifte paulifper Et mortale illud Philoiophias somen, Grat«l mente venerate! Roger Cotes, Profeffor of Aftronomy and Experimental Philofophy; author of Harmonia Menfurarum. 'l A Dr. ( z 7 8 ) Dr. Richard Bentley. This mod learned writer, and the greateft critic of his age, was educated at St. John’s, 'and afterwards became Mailer of Trinity College; from which time he feems to have been involved in continued difputes with the Members of the Society, which were carried on with tire moll inveterate acrimony. He publifhcd a very malterly defence of himfelf, againft the articles exhibited by the Fellows, which was addrefied to Dr. Moore, Bilhop of Ely, Vifitor of the College. He was much engaged in controverfy; particularly occafioned by his Differtation on the Epif- tles of Phalaris, in anfwer to Boyle, for which he was very feverely handled by Swift, in the Battle of the Books. Dr. Conyers Middleton, many years chief Librarian of the Univerfity, and- the well-known author of “ Marcus Tullius Cicero,” a free Inquiry into the Miraculous Powers, and feveral other learned pieces; in which, fays Mr. Mailers, he difplayed his learning, and loll his charadter as a Divine and a Churchman. Dr. Robert Smith, Profeflor of Allronomy and Experimental Philofophy. Julian Johnson. Thomas Cartwright. When Margaret 'Profeffor of Divinity, his preaching was fo much admired, that whenever he officiated at St. Maiys, the crowd was fo great, that the fexton was obliged to ( 2 79 ) to take down the windows. He was expelled by Whitgift, when Vice-Chancellor, for Puritanil'm ; and maintained a long controversy with him about church difcipline, Cartwright, in his old age, was fo afllifhed with infirmities, that he was obliged to.' ftudy upon his knees; and in that unfortunate Situation, was thrown a prifoner into the Fleet, He has been called Malleus Epifcopalium. Walter. Travers. William Whi.tacre. M atthew Sutcliffe. John Layfxeld, Tranflator of the Bible. Thomas Harrison, ditto. William Dakins, ditto. Walter Hawksworthy. Giles Fletcher. George Herbert, brother of Edward Lord Herbert, of Cherbury, was Public Orator of the Univerfity of Cambridge, in the reign of James the Fil'd, who was a great admirer of his abilities^ Soon after the King’s death, he took Holy Orders, and was prefented to the Rectory of Bemerton, the duty of which he performed in a moft exemplary manner; but, to the great regret of all, died in three years after his ordination. On hrs death he commended his poems to theprefs; and Lord Bacon bad fo high an opinion of his judgment, that he would not permit his works to be publifhed, until they had been revifed by Mr. Herbert. It is faid % A 2 that ( j that Pope * read his poems for the fame reafon that Virgil read the works of Ennius. Thomas Randolph. This Poet was one of the gayeft of Ben Jonfon’s adopted fons. “ The Mufe’s Looking-Glafs,” is the moll generally admired of his works; containing a great variety of characters of the paffions and vices, drawn with much truth, and interfperfed with fome ftrokes of natural humour. Abraham Cowley. The juvenile poems of this Poet pleafe much more than his later productions. In his “ Poetical BlofToms,” there is not that extravagant exuberance of fancy, and ridiculous incongruity of metaphor, which were fo greatly admired in the vicious and taflelefs age of Charles the Second, and which contributed fo much to raife his fame. Cowley was not only corrupted, but himfelf the corrupter of tafte; and was a remarkable inflance of true genius feduced and perverted by falfe wit. He was more happy in his imitations of the voluptuous gaiety of Anacreon, than the lofty flights of Pindar. That paffion for fludy and retirement, which increafed fo flrongly with his years, firft appeared at the age of thirteen, in his “ Eflay upon Himfelf;” and which an elegant critic has thought equal to that of Pope, written about the fame period of life. * See the “ Eflay on the Writings and Genius of Pope, ( 281 ) Dr. Campbell, in his “ Hermippus Redivivus,’* fays that the Royal Society originated from Cowley’s notion of a Philofophical College. No man ever had fewer enemies; his maxim being, “ never to reprehend any body, but by the filent reproof of a better practice.” John Dryden, the Father of true Englilh Poetry, was educated in this College. His univerfa- Jity of writing has been objefted to him as a fault; but it ought to be confidered, that it w r as the unhappy effedt of penury and dependence. He certainly was the greateft improver of our language, but generally failed in his dramatic compofitions. His Prologues, Epilogues, and Prefaces, are more valuable than the works themfelves. Contrary to the common courfe, neither poverty could damp or old age extinguifh his native fire; and “ Alexander’s Feaft,” written when far advanced in years, is con- felfedly at the head of modern lyrics, and in the true Spirit of the ancients. Dryden’s neceflities, unfortunately for his fame, produced a panegyric for all characters, and a new religion for every change of the times. On the aceeflion of James he turned Roman Catholic, on which he difplayed much zeal; though he had but a few years before written the “ Spanilh Fryar.” Hr. Dupont. —Mr. Duke. Edward Lively, a great Hebrew Scholar and Chronologer. 2 A 3-, Phile- ( 282 ) Philemon Holland, commonly called the “ Tranflator-General of his Age,” was a School- mafter, and pra&ifed phyfic at Coventry. He made many ufeful additions to the “ Britannia,” which was the mod valuable of his productions. He continued to tranflate till the age of eighty, and died in 1636, in his eighty-fifth year. He made the following epigram, upon writing a large folio with a fingle pen:— With one foie pen I writ this book, Made of a grey goofe quill; A pen it was when it I took, And a pen I leave it ftill, William Alabaster. This Divine, who never rofe higher in the Church than Prebend of St. Paul’s, was one of the heft Latin Poets of his age; and particularly eminent for his fkill in the Greek and Oriental Languages. He was once a convert to the Raman Catholic Religion, and publilhed /even motives for his converfion ; but, obferves Mr. Granger, he foon found many more for his return to the Church of England. Edward Sympson, D. D. He was efteetned a good critic in the learned languages, and an excellent hiflorian. He publilhed a very elaborate work, entitled, “ Cbronicon Catholicum ab exordio Mundi,” in 16,52, and died in the fame year. This ( 283 ) work was republifhed by that eminent critic, Peter Waffeling. He alfo wrote Notes on Horace, Per- lius, &e. Dr. Comber. His Royal Highnefs Prince William of Gloucef- ter received his education at this College. Vifitor, the Bifhop of Ely- The number of the Society is at prefent about 600. ■Js^ *£;4*a& liJ'mzj* ix-i.-s Aj* 9K 144?'»'I3S: ..-if&VSSWlSilF?!''’* £?*>. -w :& 0 . lj.-f'§¥s ( * s 5 ) Cmanuei College. Is fituate on the fouth-caft of the town, from whence there is a very extenfive profpedt of the adjacent country. On the weft, next the ftreet, is eredled a very handfome building, which makes the principal Court a very beautiful one, having on the fouth an elegant uniform ftone building, adorned with a ba- luftrade and parapet; and oppofite to it, on the north, the Hall, Combination-Room, and Mafter’s-Lodge; on the eaft is a fine cloifter with thirteen arches, and an handfome gallery over it, well furnifhed and adorned with the portraits of the Founder, feveral of the Benefadtors, and former Members of the College. In the middle of the cloifter is the On- trance into the Chapel. The Chapel, including the ante-chapel, is eighty- four feet long, thirty broad, and twenty-feven high, and is extremely well adorned and furniftied. The Altar-piece is a very grand painting of the Prodigal Son, by Ammiconi: the floor is marble, and the ceil- ( 286 ) ceiling flucco, There is a neat organ, and a gallery for the Maher’s family. In the middle of the Chapel hangs a curious glafs chandelier, which has a beautiful appearance when lighted. The Hall is one of the moft elegant in the Uni* iity, having been fitted up in a grand tahe; the carved work, wainfeotting, and fret-work of the ceiling, being highly finifhed. There are two fine bow-windows, oppofite to each other, at the upper end of the Hall, and a gallery for mufic over the fereens. The Combination-Room adjoins to the Hall, and is neatly fitted up; in which is a handfome portrait of the late Mr. Hubbard, who was a Fellow of the College, and Regiftrar of the Univerfity. The Library is a good room, and contains a large colledfion of well-chofen books; among which is Tully’s EpifHes by Fauft, with a beautiful illumination of Henry VIII. when a boy (whofe book it was), and of his preceptor. The Gardens are extenfive and pleafant, with a bowling-green and cold-bath ; over which is a neat brick building, fafhed in front, containing a commodious little room to drefs in. The curious take notice of a fine young cedar-tree in this garden. ’The College was founded by Sir Walter. Mildmay, of Chelmsford, in Effex, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancafter, and of the Exchequer; a man, according to Camden and others, of uncommon ( *S 7 ) mon merit in his public and private character, who obtained a licence, or charter of incorporation, from Queen Elizabeth. He built the College, upon the fcite of the Dominican Convent of Black Preaching Friars, and endowed it for the maintenance of a Mailer, three Fellows, and four Scholars *. On the 29th of September, 1784, and juft 200 years fince the foundation of the College, the Society, according to ancient cuftom, concluded the century with a grand jubilee. After a fermon and te deum, together with a Latin fpecch in the Chapel, in commemoration of their BenefaCtors, and an anthem conduced by the Profeffbr of Mufic, the company met in the College-Hall; where about 150 gentlemen, many of whom were of diftinguilhed rank, and had been educated in the College, were entertained in a fumptuous manner. Some of the principal fubfequent Benefactors were, Queen Elizabeth; Flertry, Earl of Huntingdon; Sir Francis Haftings; Sir Robert Jermyn; Sir brands Wainngham, Secretary of State; Sir Henry Killigrew ; Sir Woifton Dixie, founder of two Fel- lowlhips and two Scholarlhips; Sir John Hart; Sir • Sir Walter being a patron of the Puritans, deiigned his College as a nurfery for that party. He did little more than lay the foundation; faying, therefore, of it, that he had fet an acorz, which, he hoped, in time, might become an oat. Samuel ( 288 ) Samuel Leonard; Sir Thomas Skinner; Edward Leeds, LL.D.; Alderman Radcliffe; John Mor- ley ; Dr. Richardfon; Sir Henry Mildmay; Lady Grace Mildmay, who gave four Exhibitions; Dr. Holbeck, who founded a catechiftical Lecture in Divinity, and a Ledhire upon Ecclefiaftical Hif* tory; Dr. Sudbury, Dean of Durham, who, befide other benefadhons, founded a Greek Ledfure, and gave 6/. per ann. to purchafe a piece of plate, to be beflow'ed upon the mod pious and beft learned of the commencing Bachelors of Arts in each year; Lady Sadler, foundrefs of the Algebra Ledhire; Dr. Whichcot, who, befides other benefadhons to the College, founded four Exhibitions; Dr. Branth- waite, founder of two Scholarlhips; Francis Aflie, Eiq. who, befides fettling a fund for buying books for the Library, and other ufes of the College, founded ten Exhibitions, giving a preference to his own relations, then to the fchools of Derby and Afhby- de-la-Zouch, and, for want of fuch, to clergymen’s fons; Archbifhop Sancroft, who contributed great funis towards building the Chapel, and other ufes, and gave all his books to the Library; Mr. Hobbs, founder of two Exhibitions; Mr. Gillingham, founder of a Fellowfhip; Mr. Robert Johnfon, Archdeacon of Leieefter, founder of four Exhibitions, with a preference to the fons of godly minifters, and fueh as have been brought up in the public fchools of Qakham or Uppingham, in Rutlandfhire; Mrs. Anne ( 2 ’ 8 9 > Anne Hunt, foundrefs of two Exhibitions for Scholars bom in the county of Suffolk; Mr. Walter Richards, founder of two Exhibitions; Mr. Well?, Reftor of Thurning, who gave an Exhibition; Nicholas Afpinal, who founded an Exhibition, with a preference to the fchool of Clithero, in Lanca- fliire, and then to the free-fchool of Bedford; Dr. Thorpe, Prebendary of Canterbury, who fettled five Exhibitions, defigned chiefly for Bachelors of Arts, with fume preference to the fons of orthodox Mini- flers of the Church of England, and of the diocefe of Canterbury, and fuch as have been brought up in the King’s School there; John Browne, B. D. Rector of Wallington, in Hertfordfhire, who, in the year 1736, left upwards of 2000/. for the augmentation of the Mafterfhip, and four of the Fellow- fhips, and for the fettling two Greek Scholarfhips, with a preference to the King’s School in Canterbury, and then to any fchool in Kent: he alfo gave 50/. and part of his books, to the Library. To thefe might be added the late Earls of Weflmore- land, with many others, who generoufly contributed to the expences of the new building, 5 cc. 2 B Bishops ( 29 © } Bishops and eminent Men. Joseph Hall, Biihop of Norwich, ftyled the Ohriftian Seneca, from his fententious manner of -writing, was juftly famed for his piety, learning, wit, and extenfive knowledge of mankind. He was one of the Divines font by James the Firft to the Synod of Dort, before which he preached an excellent Latin fermon. I3 )' ;encc; Anthony Burgefs; Matthew Poole, author' of Annotations on the New and Old Teftament, and the Synopfis Criticorum; Robert Firman; Thomas Arthur; Samuel Cradock, and Thomas Doughty, are alfo among the learned men educated at this - College. John Wallis, the celebrated Mathematician* - whofe genius feemed to be inclined by nature fdr this branch of fcience. Fie went far beyond all his prede- Ceffors, and is ranked, by Glanville, with Vieta and Defcartes. He invented the method for meafuring all kinds of curves, and advanced nearer than any man towards fquaring the circle , which he demonftrated » to be impoffible. He greatly improved decimal arithmetic, and firft reduced a fraction, by continued divifion to an infinite feries. He invented the modern art of deciphering, which he brought to fuch perfection in the time of the civil w'ars, that the writers were frequently aftonifhed; and fairly owned - that there was great truth, if not infallibility, in his art. He was alfo the firft inventor of a method to teach deaf and dumb perfons to fpeak and underhand a language. His Englilh Grammar thews, at once, the grammarian and the philofopher. He died on the 28th of October, 1703, in the eighty-feventh year of his age. Samuel Croke, William Dillingham, Dr. John Worthington,. Nathaniel CulverwelL a B 3 Dr. ( 294 ) Dr. Ralph Cud worth was entered of this College at the early age of thirteen, and was, for many years, the mofl eminent tutor in the CJniver- fity. He held the firft rank in Metaphyfics, under- ftood the Oriental Languages, was an exact critic in Greek and Latin, a good Antiquary, Mathematician, and Philofopher. His “ True Intellectual Syftem,” is well known for excellence of reafoning and variety of learning. It contributed more effectually to ftem the torrent of irreligion and atheifm, fo prevalent in the reign of Charles II. than all the other numerous publications which then appeared. •—Dr. Cudworth was the father of the amiable, learned, and accomplifhed Lady Mafham; in whofe houfe, at Oates, the great Mr. Locke fpent the laft fourteen and happieft years of his life. This learned and pious man died June 26, 1688, in the feventy- firft year of his age. Benedict Rively; Henry Jenks; Hammond Le Strange ; Henry Lee; John Richardfon; Sir Francis Pemberton ; Sir Nathaniel Wright, Lord- Keeper. Joshua Barnes, Greek Profeffor, eminent as the editor of the Greek Claffics, and fkilful in making Greek verfes and epigrams. There are feveral of his manufcript verfes in the Library of this College, in which he epigrammatiz.es the Mafter, and four fenior Fellows, on their characters, flze, See. Peter Alix, D. D. ; Anthony Blackwall, an eminent ( 2 95 ) nent Grecian, and author of “ The Sacred Claffics defended and illuflrated Daniel Newcombe, Dean of Gloucefter; and Dr. Nathaniel Marfhall, the ingenious tranflator of the works of St. Cyprian, and author of the Difcourfe on the Penitential Dif- cipline of the Primitive Church. The prefent Society confiils of a Mailer, fifteen Fellowlhips, fifty Scholarlhips, ten Sizar’s Places, and thirty-feven Exhibitions. Number, in all, about ©ne hundred and fifty. KffcMf rt viM^vt.^j^v#-^^^ fi 4e'' Simstett Sussex Coxlege % iirtyih M> !'c.^ c Cvl ; ^■ty-fidur Hardin# 91 Fa A» CESS IJD NET C O UN- TESSofStfg S JBX ( 2 97 ) College* I S fituate on the caff fide of Bridge-flreet, and confifts of two Courts, built of brick. The Chapel has been lately rebuilt in an elegant manner, and, including the Ante-Chapel, is fifty- feven feet long, and twenty-four broad. It is adorned with a fine painting, representing Jofeph. and the Virgin Mary, with the child Jefus in her arms; and neat flails, for the Mafler, Fellows, and Students. There is a gallery for the Maher’s family, to which they enter through the Library. The Hall is about fixty feet long, twentv-feven broad, and proportionably high; and is one of the moh elegant rooms of the kind in the Univerfity. There is a beautiful bow-window near the upper end, and a handfome gallery for muhc, fupported by pillars, which forms a grand vehibule at the entrance. The ceiling and walls are neatly ornamented with fret-work; and the reh of the room, with the fcreens, are atifwerable to it. The Library is over part of the MaflerVLodge and ( 2-9 8 ) ■d the Ante-Chapel, and is well furnifhed with booEs* There is a human fcull, perfectly petrified, or rather incrufted with a hard fand Hone, except the teeth,, which are white, hard, and found, and not at all changed. It w r as found'in the ifland of Crete, about ten yards below the furface, and brought into England in 1627. It was efteemed fo great a curiofity,.. that King Charles I. was defrous of feeing it; and accordingly it was fent up to the famous Dr. Harvey by Dr. Ward, then Mailer of the College, for his Majefty’s infpedtion. It is now broken, and fome of it gone. The-Mailer’s-Lodge is well fitted up, and fur- hithed with portraits ; among others, belldes an original of the Poundrefs at full length, is. one of the learned and pious Mr. William Wollafton, author of the Religion of Nature delineated; and Oliver Cromwell, the Proteftor (a drawing in crayons, faid to be by Cooper, much,admired),.both educated, in this College. The Fellows have a pleafant garden, with a good, and fpacious bowling-green. The Foundrefs of this College was the Lady Frances Sidney, Countefs of Sulfex, daughter of William Sidney, knighted at the battle of Fiod- den-field, and Steward of the Houfehold to Edward the Sixth; filler to Sir Henry Sidney, Knight of the Garter, and Lord-Prefdent of Wales; aunt to- Sir Philip Sidney, and widow 1 to Thomas Ratcliffe, Rail, ( z 99 ) Earl of Suffex. Dying without iffue, fhe left 5000/. and other legacies, to found this College, by the name of Sidney-Sussex College. But if her bequeft fhould not be fufficient for the purpofe, then it Ihould go towards the improvement and extenfion of Clare-Hall. Henry, Earl of Kent, and John Lord Harrington, Baron of Exton, executors to the Foundrefs, at firft founded ten Fellowihips and twenty Scholarfhips; but, after building the College and other expences, -they found that the remainder of her legacy would not be a fufficient maintenance for fo many Fellows as were at firfb defigned; and, thereupon, they reduced the ten Fellowihips to feven. Edward, the firft Lord Montague of Boughton, founded three Scholarfhips; which Edward, his fon and fucceffor, defired might be reduced to two. Sir John Hart, Citizen of London, founded two Fellowihips and four Scholarfhips. Sir Francis Clerke, of Houghton-Conquefl, in Bedfordihire, founded four Fellowihips and eight scholarfhips; and eredted the building in the fecond court, and augmented the income of the twenty foundation-fcholarlhips. Air. Peter Blundell, of Tiverton, clothier, founded -two Fellowihips and two Scholarfhips. Mr. Leonard Smith, Citizen of London, founded -tine Fellswfhip and one Scholarlhip. Paul ( 3 0& ) Paul Micklewaite, D. D. and fome time Fellow, founded two Scholarfhips. Dr. Downham Yeomans, of Cambridge, founded three Scholarfhips. Mr. Samuel Taylor, of Dudley, founded the Mathematical Lecture. Robert Johnfon, D.D. Archdeacon of Leicefler, founded four Exhibitions. Francis Comber, Efq. gave fome Exhibitions to be enjoyed by his relations, and their defcendants, that might be Members of the College. Several of the Fellowfhips and Scholarfhips were augmented by the noble benefaction bequeathed by Sir John Brereton. Two Exhibitions, of 12/. per atm. each, were given by Mr. William Bearcroft, for Clergymen’s orphans. The late Mafter, Dr. Francis Sawyer Parris, bequeathed to the College his large and valuable library, together with the fum of bool. They have, therefore, feven foundation Fellowfhips, and ten bye-foundation Fellowfhips; twenty foundation Scholarfhips, and twenty-four bye-foundation Scholarfhips; befides the Mathematical Lec- and feveral Exhibitions Bishops ( ) Bishops and eminent Men. Dr. James Montague (brother to the firft: Lord Montague, of Boughton, and to the firft Earl of Manchefter), Bifhop of Bath and Wells, and tranflated to Winchefter, was the firft Mafter, and a great benefactor to the College. John Young, D.D. Fellow, afterwards Dean of Winchefter. He built the brick-wall between the fecond court and the ftreet, at his own expence. Dr. Samuel Ward, the third Mafter. On the breaking out of the rebellion, he joined, with the other heads of houfes, in fending the College plate to King Charles the Firft; and was one of the members who were confined in the Convoca- tion-Houfe and Public Schools, for not concurring with the meafures of the Parliament. After this, he was plundered and again imprifoned; during which he contracted a difeafe that put an end to his life. He was an excellent governor, and the College flourifhed much under him. He was alfo one of 2 C the ( 3° 2 ) the Englifh Divines in the Synod of Dort, and Lady Margaret’s Profeffor of Divinity. Edward Noel, Vifcount Campden. George Lord Goring, and Earl of Norwich, a benefactor. John Bramhau, Bifliop of Derry, afterwards Archbifhop of Armagh, and Primate of Ireland, 1660. He was one of tire mod learned, able, and aftive Prelates of his age; an acute difputant, and an excellent preacher. He exerted himfelf ftrcnu- oufly for the patrimony of the Church ; having, in about four years, regained to that of Ireland, upwards of 30,000/. a year of her juft rights. The mod celebrated of his works are the writings againft Hobbes. A lingular anecdote is told of him in Sir James Ware’s “ Lives of the Bi- Ihops,” relative to his efcape from the inquifition in France. John de Reede, Count de Renfvorde. He came to England as AmbalTador from the States of Holland, to compofe the differences between the King and the Parliament. His exertions, in the profecution of this laudable delign, recommended him fo much to Charles, that he was created a Baron in 1645. Edward Montague, Earl of Manchefter, Chancellor of the Univerfity. Walter Walter Montague, his brother, Abbot of Nanteuil, and Chaplain to Queen Mary. Montague Bertie, Earl of Lindfey, and Lord-High-Chamberlain of England. Robert Bertie, his brother, a Fellow. Francis Leek. Lord Deincourt. Edward, the fecond Lord Montague, of Bough- ton, a great benefactor. William Montague, his brother, Lord- Chief-Baron of the Exchequer. Christopher Montague, another brother. Seth Ward, Bilhop of Salifbury. He firft made mathematical learning general in this Uni- verlity, in which, and in aftronomy, he particularly excelled. He was a clofe reafoner and an admirable fpeaker. By his intereft, the Chancellorfhip of the Order of the Garter was perpetually annexed to the See of Salifbury, to which he was a great benefactor. He was polite, hofpitable, and generous ; having Founded the College at Salifbury, and the fump- tuous Hofpital at Buntingford, the place of his nativity. Dr. Walter Pope, his intimate friend, and the noted author of “ The Old Man’s Wifh,” has given a true and curious account of his life, interfperfed with many amufrng anecdotes of his friends. He 2 C 2 was ( 3°4 ) was ejected by the Long Parliament from the Savi- lian Profefforfliip. Sir Robert Atkyns, Lord-Chief-Baron of the Exchequer. Thomas Richardson Lord Cramond. Sir Charles North, eldeft fon of Dudley Lord North. Edward Montague, eldeft fon of Edward, the fecond Lord Montague, of Boughton. Dr. Benjamin Calamy, fon of the celebrated Nonconformift, Edmund Calamy. John Thomson Lord Haverlham. Sir George Ent, Knt. Preftdent of the College of Phylicians, and author of Apologia pro Circulations Sanguinis. Charles Alleyn, author of the Poem on the Battles of Crefly and Poiftiers, and alfo on that at Bofworth-field, and the Hiftory of King Henry the Seventh. Oliver Cromwell, Lord-Prote&or. James Montague, fon of the Earl of Sandwich. Richard Reynolds, LL. D. Bilhop of Bangor, afterwards of Lincoln. Sir John Middleton. John Frankland, D. D. Mafter and Dean pf Ely, Thomas ( &$ ) Thomas Woolston, B.D. Fellow, fo welF known for his crazy Difcourfes on our Saviour’s* Miracles ; convicted of blafphemy in L 7 2 9 ’ William Wollaston, the amiable and learned author of « The Religion of Nature delineated.”' Obiit 1724. isc-j-jt.'•• >• M iif crilliL. ' l JjtOl<'r*f=ZS.*SS = ' it rr WSM* ffa.rdin.e.7- del Fab Afii by EUa.y'dinq.03 Fall Mall. MB g«# §^§ ■S«S #3 %zm Church of S’. Sepulchre ( 3°7 ) S»t. Sepulchre’s Church. 1 H E round Church is properly called, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Jewry; and thence arofe the vulgar opinion that it was a Jewilh Synagogue, and that the Jews lived there. The Jews, however, had their Synagogue, and dwelt in a very different part of the town: and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was undoubtedly built by fome perfon concerned in the Croifades, in the time of Henry I. before the Templars had acquired that vaft property they afterwards poffeffed. In 1255, it was valued at one mark; and, in 1313» when the Templar’s Order was diffolved, the advowfon was given to the Priory of Barnwell. The intention of its Founder was, that it fhould referable the Church of the Refurre 6 tion, or Holy Sepulchre, at Jerufalem; and it was, at that time, the beft copy we had in England. In its prefent flate it has many difadvantages; and much of its original form has been loft, or changed, through the caprice of thofe who, in the reign of Edward ( 3° s ) Edward II. not only added one (lory to its height, but gave it a chancel; made confiderable alterations in its windows, and hid the ornaments at the door with a wooden portal. The infide is ftill heavy and inconvenient, and' has not a Angle monument that demands particular notice. ( 3°9 ) ^@agt0rate0 ant* DIBeerg OF THE UNIVERSITY. Chancellor. His Grace Auguftus Henry, Duke of Grafton, 1768. High-Steward. The Right Honourable William Pitt, F. R. S, 1790. Vice-Chancellor. Humphry Sumner, D. D. 1800. Commissary. John Filher, LL. D. 1790. Heads ( 3 10 ) Heads of Colleges. Founded. S257 St. Peter’s—Francis Barnes, D. D. Mafter, 1788. 1326 Clare-Hall—John Torkington, D. D. 1781. 1343 Pembroke Hall—Jofeph Turner, D. D. 1784. 1351 Corpus Chrifti, or Bene’t—Philip Douglas, D.D. 1795. 1350 Trinity Hall. 1348 Gonville and Caius—Martin Davy, M. D. F. R. S. 1803. 1441 King’s—Humphry Sumner, Provoft, 1797. 1448 Queen’s—Ifaac Milner, D. D. F. R. S. Pre- fident, 1788. 1475 Catherine Hall, Jofeph Proctor, D.D. 1799. J496 Jefus—William Pearce, D.D. 1789. 1505 Chrift’s—John Barker, D.D. 1780. 1509 St. John’s—William Craven, D.D. 1789- 1519 Magdalen—William Gretton, D.D. 1797 * 1546 Trinity — William Lort Manfel, D. D. 1798. I584 Emanuel—R. Towerfpn Cory, D.D. 1797 * 1598 Sidney—Wiliiam Ellifton, D.D. 1760. *8oo Downing—Francis Aunefley, LL. D. 1800. CAPUTi ( ) Caput. Every XJniverfity Grace mttjl pafs the Caput, before it can be introduced into the Senate. Humphry Sumner, D. D. Vice-Chancellor. William Gretton, D. D. Magdalene College, Divinity. Jofeph Jowett, LL. D. Trinity Hall, Law. Thomas Ingle, M. D. Peter Houfe, Phyfic. C. W. Burrell, A.M. Catherine Hall, Senior Non. Reg. John Broderip, A. M. King’s College, Sen. Reg. ProSiors —Thomas Sumpter, A. M. King’s College ; John Warter, A.M. Magdalen College. Moderators —Robert Woodhoufe, A.M. Caius College ; T. Waldron Hornbuckle, A. M. St > John’s. Scrutators —Thomas Veafy, B.D. Peter Houfe; James Wood, B.D. St. John’s College. Taxors —Clement Chevalier, A. M. Pembroke Hall; John Doncafter, A.M. Chrift’s College. Professors. “Founded. 1502 Lady Margaret's Profejfor of Divinity — Founded by Lady Margaret, with a ftipend of twenty marks; and augmented by James 1502 the Founded. ( 3^ ) 1502 the Firft with the Redory of Terrington,—« John Mainwaring, B. D. 1788. Preacher —James Fawcett, B. D.; falary 10/. per ann. 1786. 154 ° Peg!us Profejf.r of Divinity — Founded by Henry VIII. with a ftipend of 40/. per ann. augmented by James the Firft, with the Redory of Somerfham ; confirmed by Ad of Parliament in the 10th of Queen Anne, —Richard Watfon, D. D. F. R. S. Bifhop of Landaff, and Archdeacon of Ely, 1771. Deputy —J. B. Seal, D. D, 1802. 1540 Regius ProfeJJor of Civil Lata — Jofeph J owet, LL.D. 1781. 1540 Regius Profejfor of Phyftc —Sir Ifaac Pennington, Knt. M, D. 1793. 1540 Hebrew Profejfor — Henry Lloyd, A. M» 1795 - 1540 Greek Profejfor —This, and the three preceding Profeflorftiips, were founded by Henry the Eighth, with a ftipend of 40/. per ann. John Crane, M. A. Apothecary, of Cambridge, gave his dwelling-houfe to the Pro- feffor of Phyfic, and upwards of 60/. every fifth year, to fick and poor Scholars.-— Richard Porfon, A.M. 1793. 1540 Cafuiftical Profejfor — Founded by John Knightbridge, D. D. with a ftipend of 50/. per ann. and augmented by Thomas Smoult, who ( 3*3 ) Founded. 1540 who gave 300/. to purchafe land.—George Borlace, D. D. 1788. 1663 Mathematical Profejfor— Founded by Henry Lucas, Efq. M. P. for the Univerfitv, and endowed with the rent of an eftate of 100/. per ann. An eftate in Bedfordfhire was purchafed with Mr. Lucas’s bequeft, at that time worth 102/. per ann. but now much augmented.—-Ifaac Milner, D. D. F.R.S. 1798. 1632 Arabic Profejfor —Founded by Thomas Adams, Alderman of London, with a falary of 40/. per ann.— Jofeph Dacre Carlyle, B. D. 1 795 - 1704 Plumian Profejfor of Experimental Philofophy • —Founded by Dr. Thomas Plume, Archdeacon of Rochefter, who gave 1800/. for the purpofe ; and augmented by Dr. Thomas Smith, Matter of Trinity College, with half the intereft of 3000/. in the funds. — S. Vince, A. M. F.R.S. 1796. 1749 AJlronomical (Lowndes’s) Profejfor —Founded by Thomas Lowndes, Efq. who gave an eftate of about 150/. per ann. for the endowment.—"William Lax, A.M. F.R.S. 1795 - 1707 Anatomy Profejfor —B. Harwood, M. D. F. R. and S. A. 1785. 2 D 1724 Pro - ( 3H ) Founded. 1724 Profejfor of Modern Hijiory and Languages— Founded by George the Firft, with a fti- pend of 400/. per ann. —John Symonds, LL. D. 1771. S705 Chemijlry Profejfor —William Farifh, A. M. *793- Boiany Profejfor —T. Martyn, B. D. F. R. and L. S. 1761. Woodwardian Profejfor — Founded by John Woodward, M. D, with a falary of about I.50/. per ann. —John Hailftone, A- M. F.L. S. 1788. 1768 Norrifan Profejfor of Divinity —James Fawcett, B. D. 1795. 1783 fackfonian Profejfor of Natural and Experimental Philofopby —Founded by the Rev. Richard Jackfon, with a ftipend of Sol. per ann. —F. I. H. Wollafton, A.M. F. R.S. 1792. 1684 Mufc Profejfor —Charles Hague, Muf. D. 1799. Profejfor of Common Law —Edward Chriftian, A.M. 1800. Downing Profef or of Medicine—B uilck Harwood, M. D. 1800. Public Orator. IJ71 EJmund Outram, B. D. 1798. Prin ( 3*5 ) Principal Librarian. Thomas Kenrick, A. M. 1797. Sub-Librarian. John Davies, A. M. 1783- Registrar. George Borlafe, M. D. 1778. Esquire Bedels, John Beverley, A. M. Henry Gunning, A. M. Charles Kola, A. M. Inspectors of Fossils. John Davies, B.D. Richard Sill, A. M. Botanic Garden. James Donn, A. L. S. Curator. . . Organist. John Pratt, Efq. Counsel. The Right Honourable Spencer Percival, A. M. 1800. Hugh Leycefler, Efq. LL. D. 2 D 2 Son. ( 3 l6 ) Solicitor. Thomas Ingle, Efq. Yeoman-Bedel. John Laughton. Printer. John Archdeacon. School-Keeper, John Manfliall. Marshall. John Taylor. Appraiser, Thomas Yorke. Members of Parliament for the University. The Right Honourable William Pitt. The Right Honourable Lord Euston, fon of the Duke of Grafton. Scarlet ( 3*7 ) Scarlet days for all Doctors. Eafter Sunday, Afcenfion Day, Whit Sunday, Trinity Sunday, King Charles’s Reftoration, King’s Inauguration, the Proclamation of Midfummer and Stourbridge Fairs, Commencement Sunday and Tuefday, St. Michael the Archangel, All Saints, Gunpowder Treafon, Chriftmas Day, General Thankfgiving. Litany Days. January 30th. May 29th. King’s Inauguration, Gunpowder Treafon, Afh Wednefday, if not a cle- rum, there is a fupplication, and the bell rings a quarter before ten. All Litany Days the Dodtors wear robes. The Prodtors are to attend all Litany Days in their congregation ruffs. If Odtober the 9th, January the 12th, or May the 8th, fall on a Sunday, there is a clerum, and the Sermon is ufually omitted in the morning. Eafter Tuefday the Sermon is preached at St, Benedidt’s Church, .and not at St. Mary’s. The Sermon on Lady Day is preached in tha morning, at King’s Chapel. January the 30th, and on Good Friday, there is no organ played, nor pfahns fung. Anthem. Days at St. Mary’s Church. Eafler Sunday, Whit Sunday, King Chaide’s Ref- 2 D 3 {oration, { BiS ) toration, King’s Inauguration, Commencement Sunday, Nov. 5th, Chriftmas Day, and days of general thankfgiving. The commemoration of Benefactors is read twice in the year; on the Commencement Sunday, and the Sunday next before the 3d of November. The following is an invariable Rule for the Beginning and Ending of the Cambridge Terms y without any Exception of Sundays or Holidays. Michaelmas Term begins on the 10th of October, and ends on the 16th of December. Lent Term begins on the 13th of January, and ends on the Friday before Palm Sunday. Trinity Term, or (as it is more commonly called), May Term, begins on the Wednefday after Eafter week, and ends on the Friday after the commencement. Annual Prizes. In the year 1751, his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, Chancellor of the Univerfity, elta- biithed a premium of two gold medals, value ten guineas each, to be given to two perfons, who, after having the academical honours of Senior Optime conferred on them, fball be found, after a fecond examination before certain perfons appointed by his Grace, to excel in clafiical learning. This ( 3*9 ) This premium is ftill continued by his Grace the Duke of Grafton, the prefent Chancellor of the Univerfity. The Honourable Mr. Finch, and the Honourable Mr. Townshend, after the example of his Grace the Chancellor, gave yearly two prizes of fifteen guineas each, to two fenior Bachelors of Arts, and the like to two middle Bachelors, who fhall compofe the befl: exercifes in Latin profe ; which are to be read publicly by them, on a day to be appointed near the commencement by the Vice- Chancellor. Each candidate fends his exercife privately, and without his name, and not in his own hand, but re- vifed and pointed by himfelf, to the Vice-Chancellor, with fome Latin verfe upon it; and he, at the fame time, fends a paper fealed up with the fame Latin verfe on the outlide, which paper enclofes another paper folded up, with the candidate’s name written within. The papers, containing the names of thofe candidates who do not fucceed, are deflroyed unopened ; by which fecrecy, the modefty of thofe who might otherwife fear a repulfe, is effectually confulted. Thefe prizes have alfo been continued by the late and prefent Members of Parliament for the Univerfity. Mr. Seaton, by a claufe in his will, dated October 8, 1738, gave his Kifiingbury eftate to the Uni- Univerfity of Cambridge for ever: the rents of which fhould be difpofed of yearly by the Vice- Chancellor, for the time being, as he, the Vice- Chancellor, the Mafler of Ciare-Hall, and the Greek Profeffor for the time being, or any two of them fhould agree. Which three perfons aforefaid fhould give out a fubjedl, which fubjedl, for the firft year, fhould be one or other of the Perfedfions or Attributes of the Supreme Being, and fo the fuc- ceeding years, till the fubjedt was exhaufled; and afterwards the fubjedt fhould be either Death, Judgment, Heaven, Hell, Purity of Heart, 2 Brady, Dr. 70 Bramhall, Bifhop of Derry, 302 Bramftone, Sir John, 181 BrafTey, Dr. 90 Bridges, INDEX, 3*7 Bridges, Dr. John, Bifhop of Oxford, 29 Brooke, Grevile Lord, 268 Brown, Sir William, j Brownrig, Bilhop. of Exeter, 160 Buckingham, Stafford, Duke of, 24-4 Buckley, Dr. William, 112 Burleigh, Cecil Lord, 229 Burroughs, Sir James, 71 Butts, Dr. 72 c. CAIUS COLLEGE, 6j —, Dr. ib. Calamy, Dr. Benjamin, 168, 304 Cambridge, its early hiftory, ix -, Sir John, 39 Camden, Charles Lord, J31 Caput, xv, 311 Carey, Bifhop of Exeter, 189 Lord Vifcount Falkland, 234 Carre, Dr. Nicholas, na Cartwright, Thomas, 278 CATHERINE HALL, 153 Cecil, Thomas, Earl of Exeter, 14 • , William, Lord Burleigh, 229 -, Robert, Earl of SaKfbury, 273 Chadderton, Bilhop of London, 142, 189 Chancellor, xiii ■-, Vice, xiv Chapel, Bifhop of Offory, 189 Chedworth, Dr. John, Bifhop of Lincoln, 89, 92 Cheeke, Sir John, 90, 227 Cheney, Dr. Richard, bifhop of Briflol, 27 2 E 2: Clilifi’s INDEX. 328 CHRIST’S COLLEGE, 183 Chtibbs, Dr. 182 CLARE HALL, 11 —, Elizabeth de, Countefs of Ulfter, 11 Clerke, Dr. Benjamin, 11a ClilF, Thomas, 78 Cioofe, Dr. bilhop of Carlifle, 92 Coke, Sir Edward, 274 Colfield, Ralph, 105 Colleges, Heads of, 310 Collins, Dr. Samuel, 91 -, Anthony, 129 Colton, Dr. John, Primate of Ireland, 67 Columbel, Robert, 133 Commilfary, xv Conilby, William, 101 Coop, bilhop of Briftol, 30 Copleftone, Dr. John, 91 Cornwallis, Archbilhop of Canterbury, 190 CORPUS CHRISTI, or Bene’t College, 37 Cofms, bilhop of Durham, 5, 7 Cotes, Roger, 277 Cotton, Dr. William, bilhop of Exeter, 142 ——, Sir John, 239 Cowel, Dr. John, 33, 60 Cowley, Abraham, 280 Cox, Dr. Richard, bilhop of Ely 96 Cranmer, Archbilhop of Canterbury, 176 Croke, Dr. Richard, no Cromwell, Oliver, 304 Crouch, Thomas—his epitaph, 87 Cudworth, Dr. Ralph, 294 Carle, Walter Dave I N D E X. D. Davenant, John, biijjop of Sarum, 143 Dawes, Sir William, Archbilhop of York, 16» Day, Dr. George, bilhop of Chicheftcr, 90, 96, tla Dee, John, 213 Denton, Dr. James, tor Devereux, Earl of Effex, 270 Dod, John, i8x Dogget, Dr. John, 90 Dorfet, Sackville, Earl of, 219 Downes, Godfrey, 181 Downham, bilhop of Londonderry, 189 DOWNING COLLEGE, Xii. Dove, Dr. Thomas, bilhop of Peterborough, 29 Dryden, John, z8x E. Eachard, Dr. John, 167 Edward the Fourth, 75 EMANUEEL COLLEGE, 28* Ent, Sir George, 304 Erafmus Defiderius, 149 Elfex, Robert, Earl of, 27* Eftey, Dr. 72 F. Falkland, Carey, Lord, 234 Fanihaw, Richard, 1S1 Fellow Commoners, xvi Felton, bifliop of Ely, 30 E 3 Field > INDEX. 33 ° Field, bifhop of Hereford, ib. *—> Dr. 78, 90 Filher, Dr. bifhop of Rochefter, 139 Flamftead, Dr. 181 Fleetwood, Dr. bilhop of Worcefter, 91, joi ———, Dr. William, 101, 126 Fletcher, bilhop of London, 44 .-, Dr. Phineas, 69 --, Giles, 108 Floyd, bilhop of Chefter, 179 Foley, Edmund, 181 Fordham, Bilhop of Ely, j Fofter, bifhop of Sodor and Man, 156 Fox, Richard, bilhop of Winchefter, aj .-, Edward, bilhop of Hereford,. 90, 93 Frankland, Dr. John, 304 Fryth, John, 131 Fulke, Dr. 32 Fuller, Dr. Thomas, ijo G. Gardiner, bifhop of Winchefter, 53, 54 Garth, Sir Samuel, 10 Gauden, bilhop of Worcefter, 214 George, Dr. William, 91 Gheft, Dr. 120 Glifi'on, Dr. 72 Glover, Robert, 133 Glynn, bifhop of Bangor, 142 Goad, Roger, 90 .-, Dr. 119 Gonville, Edmund de, 63 Gooch, Dr. bilhop of Norwich, 68 3 Good INDEX. 33 * Goodrich, Dr. 42, 93, 178 "Goring, George, Earl of Norwich, 301 Goftlin, Dr. 72 Gouge, Dr. 119 Green, Dr. 18 • - , Thomas, bilhop of Ely, 47 -, John, bilhop of Lincoln, 4.9 Qrdham, Sir Thomas, 71 Grevile, Fulke, Lord Brooke, 268 Grimald, Nicholas, 190 Grindall, Archbilhop of Canterbury, 22,17 Gunning, bilhop of Ely, 15, 16 Gweft, Dr. bilhop of Rochefler, ioo> 112 H> Haccomblen, Dr. 86, 90 Hacket, bilhop of Litchfield, 266 Haddon, Walter, 103 Halifax, Dr. bilhop of Gloucefter, 60 Hall, bilhop of Briftol, 30, 127 -, Edward, 101 -, Jofeph, bilhop of Norwich, 290 Hare, bilhop of Chichefter, 101 Harfenet, Archbilhop, 30 Hartltrong, bilhop of Oflory, 68 Harvey, Dr. Henry, 54 ——, Dr William, 70 ——, Gabriel, 191 Hatcher, Thomas, 112 HatlifFe, Dr. joi, 122 Hatton, Chriftopher, Lord, 180 Hawkins, Dr. Nicholas, 93 Heath, Sir Robert, 14, 15 Heath, ,1 INDEX,. Heath, Archbiihop of York, 188 Henchman, bilhop of London, ij, j8tS Henry VI. 22, 73,. 186 -VII. 7J -VIII. 261 Herbert, George, 279 Herde, Dr. 112 Herring, Archbiihop of York, 39, 4! Hewet, Sir John, 15 Hey, Dr. 14 Hieron, Samuel, 119 High, Steward, xiv Hoadley, Benjamin, bilhop of Winehelter, 162 •, John, Archbiihop of Armagh, 165 Holland, Philemon, 282 Hughs, bilhop of St. Afaph, 179 Hullier, John, 133 Hutchinfon, bilhop of Down, 165 Hutton, Dr. Richard, 90 ———, Matthew, Archbiihop of York, 180, 264 . Hyde, Dr. Thomas, 124 I. Jebb, Dr. 10 Jegon, Dr. John, bilhop of Norwich, 45, 142 Jeffon, Jofeph, 109 JESUS COLLEGE, 171 Johnfon, Dr. Archdeacon of Dublin, 189 Jones, Henry, 126 Joy, George, 9 Jonfon, Ben, 232 Ifaacfon, Henry, 32 Ke/L-f, INDE X. 333 K. Kellet, Dr. 119 King, Dr. Oliver, 9a —, Dr. 127 KING’S COLLEGE, 73 ——-- - Chapel, 77 Kynne, Dr. 4a L. Lake, Dr. Ofmund, 112 Lancafter, Henry, Duke of, 37 Laney, Dr. Bifliop of Ely, 30 Langham, Bilhop of Ely, 5 Langton, Bilhop of Winchefter, as Latimer, Hugh, Bilhop of Worcefter, 187 Laughton, Dr. 18 Law, Edmund, Bilhop of Carlille, 190 ——, John, Bilhop of Elphin, ib. Layburn, Roger, Bilhop of Carlille, 25 Leeds, Dr. 15 Leeke, Francis, Lord Deincourt, 303 Legge, Dr. 7s Leland, John, 193 Leng, Dr. Bilhop of Norwich, 161 Library, Public, xii Lightfoot, Dr. John, 166 Linwood, Dr. Bilhop of St. David’s, 30, 67 Lille, William, 121 Lifter, Dr. Martin, 236 Litany days, 3,7 Lloyd, Bilhop of Norwich, 113 Long, Dr. 23 Loaig, 334 INDEX. Long, Dr. John, Primate of Ireland, ror Lucy, Dr. Bilhop of St. David’s, 67 Lumley, Dr. Bilhop of Lincoln, 54. Lupton, Dr. Roger, 122 Lynlel, Auguffine, Bilhop of Hereford Lyttleton, Dr. 127 M. MAGDALEN .COLLEGE, 245 Major, John, 192 Margaret of Anjou, 136 Marriott, Sir James, 61 Marlh, Dr. Archbilhop of Dublin, G£ Marlhall, Roger, 9 ■ - , Dr. Nathaniel, 295 Mawe, Leonard, 7 Mawfon, Dr. Mathias, 42, 48 Mey, Dr. John, Bilhop of Carlifle, *59 Mede, Dr. 206 Middleton, Dr. ConyefS, 27 1 -, Sir John, 304 Millington, Dr. William, 89 Mildmay, Sir Walter, 286 Milton, John, 203 Moderator, xv Monmouth, Henry of, 37 Monfe, Dr. 33 Montacute, Simon de, 5 Montague, James, Bilhop of Wincliefter, 301 .— -, Edward, Earl of Manchelte, 304 —-, -, Lord, 303 *-, Walter, ib. r " —, William, ib. Mon- INDEX. ns Montague, Chriftopher, 303 -, James, 304 Moore, Dr. John, Bifhop of Norwich, tj Morgan, Dr. Bifhop of Bangor, 1S0 Morton, Sir Albert, 109 Moryfon Fynes, 9 Mofs, Dr. Bifhop of Bath, 69 Mountague, Dr. Richard, Bifhop of Norwich, j 00 Mulcafter, Richard, 11 2 Murray, Dr. William, Bifliop of Landoff, 101 N. Nafli, Thomas, 121 Naunton, Sir Robert, 60 Newman, Sir George, 53 Newton, Dr. Fog, 91 --, Thomas, 149 -, Sir Ifaac, 256, 276 Nix, Dr. Bifhop of Norwich, 53, 85 Noel, Edward, Vifcount Ca.mpden, jo 2 Norfolk, Elizabeth, Duchefs of, 39 North, Edward Lord .— — Dr. John, 181 —-, Sir Charles, 304 o. Oates, Titus, 69 Optimes, fenior and junior, xvii Oxford, Vere, Earl of, 221 Ofbaldefton, Dr. Bifhop of Carlifle Ofburne, John, 109 Otley, Dr. Adam, Bilhop of St. David’s, 59 Otway, Thomas, s36 Overall INDEX. 33& Overall, Dr. Bifhop of Norwich, 159 Oughried, Rev. William, 120 Owen, Dr. Bi/hop of St. Afaph, 180 P. Page, Sir Thomas, 91 Parker, Dr. 72 ->, Archbifhop, 39, 42 Parr, Elnathan, 119 Patrick, Bifhop of Ely, 143 Paul, Mary de St. Countefs of Pembroke, 21 Pearfon, Bifhop of Chefter, 101, 125, 180 PEMBROKE COLLEGE, 21 -, Countefs of, ib. -——, Earl of (Aymer de Valencia), ib. Penfioners, xvi Pepyfian Library, 246 Pepys, Samuel, ib. Perne, Dr. j PETER HOUSE, or St. Peter’s College, 1 Phillips, Ambrofe, 238 Poinet, Bifhop of Rochefter, 96 Pope, Dr. Walter, 303 Porteus, Dr. Bifhop of London, 190 Price, Dr. 126 Prior, Matthew, 237 Prizes, annual, 318 Proctors, xiv, 323 Profeffors, 311 to 314 Prujean, Dr. 72 Public Schools, xi 1 — Orator, xv Pythagoras’s School, xi Queen’s INDEX. 337 Q, QUEEN’s COLLEGE, 135 R. Rainbow, Bilhop of Carlifle, 23® Ram, Dr. Bi/hop of Ferns, loo Ramfey, Lady Mary Randolph, Thomas, 280 Reede, John de, Count of Renfworde, 302 Repps, Dr. Bilhop of Norwich, 67 Reynolds, Dr. Richard, Bilhop of Lincoln, 60 Richard III. 78 Richardfon, Thomas, Lord Cramond Richmond, Margaret, Countefs of, 184, 207 Rickingale, Dr. John, Bilhop of Chichefter, 67 Ridley, Dr. Nicholas, Bilhop of London, 25 . , Thomas, Dr. 109, 119 Roderick, Dr. Charles, 91 Rogers, John, 32 Rooke, Dr. L. 122 Rotherham, Dr. Thomas, Archbiihop of York, 25, 92 Ruggle, George, 14, 18 s. ST. PETER’s COLLEGE, 1 Sackville, Earl of Dorfet, 219 Sampfon, Dr. Bilhop of Litchfield, 39 Sancroft, Archbiihop of Canterbury, 291 Sanders, Laurence, 131 Sandys, Edwyn, Archbiihop of York, ij 6 Sangton, Bilhop of St. David’s, 24 Sawyer, Sir Robert, 251 Sayer, Dr. 72 Scambler, Dr. Bilhop of Norwich, 179 2 F Scarlet INDEX. ’33 s Scarlet Days, 317 Sepulchre’s Church, 307 Sclater, Dr. 119 Scott, Dr. Bifhop of Chefler, 188 Scrutator, xv Shaxton, Dr. Bifhop of Sarum, 67 Sharp, Dr. Archbllhop of York, 189 Sheringham, Dr. 7a Seaton, George, 74a Sherlocke, Dr. Thomas, Bifhop of London, 164. . -, Dr. William, do. 237 Sibbs, Dr. Richard, 1S6 Sidney, Sir Philip, 194 --SUSSEX COLLEGE, 297 - ■ ■ —, Lady Frances Suffex, 298 Sinwood, Bifhop of St. David’s, 24 Sizars, xvi Skippe, Dr. Bilhop of Hereford, 67 Smith, Dr. William, Bifhop of Lincoln, 23, 88, 91 —- , Sir Thomas, 145 Snape, Dr. Andrew, 91, 127 Spavion, Anthony, Bilhop of Norwich, 143 SpeUator, Vol. VII. No. 518, 87 Spelman, Sir Henry, 275 Spencer, Emdund, 33 --, Dr. John, 39 ST. JOHN’S COLLEGE, 207 Stacey, Thomas, no . Stafford, Lord, 235 ■-, Duke of Buckingham, 24S Stanhope, Dr. 126 Stanley, Thomas, 35 Sterne, Archbifhop, 39, 43 S tret ton, Dr. Robert, Bilhop of Litchfield, 54 f ' Strype, INDEX. 3 39 Strype, Thomas, 169 Sumner, Dr. John, 91 Sutton, William, jio Sydal, Dr. Bilhop of Gloucefter, 48 Sympfon, Edward, 282 T. Taxors, xiv Taylor, Dr. Jeremy, Bi/hop of Down, 67 ———, John, iifi Temple, Sir William, 147 Tennifon, Archbiihop, 39, 46 —, Edward, Bi/hop of OlTory, 48 Terms, Cambridge, 318 Thirleby, Dr. Bilhop of Ely, 59 Thomas, Dr. 119, 165 Thompfon, John, Lord Haverfham, 304 Thorpe, Sir Robert, 30 Thurlow, Lord, 74 Tillotfon, Dr. John, Archbiihop of Canterbury, 16 Towers, Dr. John, Bilhop of Peterborough, 143 Towse, Dr. 85 Townlhend, Charles Lord, 131 TRINITY HALL, 51 TRINITY COLLEGE, 253 Tufler, Thomas, 105 Tyfon, Rev. Michael, 42 u. Ulfter, Elizabeth de Clare, Countefs of, Univerfity Hall, — .. - Magiftrates and Officers, 309 2 F a Valencia, 34 ° INDEX, V. Valencia, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke, 21 Vere, Earl of Oxford, 221 Vice-Chancellor, xiv w. Walker, Dr. 72 Waller, Edmund, in Wallis, Dr. John, 293 Walpole, Bilhop of Norwich, —— Sir Robert, 131 Walfingham, Sir Francis, no Walton, Bilhop of Chefter, Ward, Dr. Samuel, 301 - . -, Seth, Bilhop of Salisbury, 303 Warde, Dr. 112 Warkworth, John, Warren, Bilhop of St. David’s, 6 9 Watts, Dr. 7a Watfon, Bilhop of Chichefter, 189 Wendy, Dr. 7it Weft, Nicholas, 93 Wefton, Bilhop of Exeter, 101, I47- Weftfield, Bilhop of Briftol, 180 Whichcot, Dr. 9r, 121 Whitcock, William, 119 White, Bilhop of Ely, 68 ——, Dr. John, 72 — -, Dr. Francis, ib. Whitehead, Thomas,~i33 Whitgifr, Archbilhop of Canterbury, 262 Whyteforde, Richard, 143 Wickham, William, Bilhop of Winchefter, 100 INDEX. 34 * Williams, Biihop of OlToiy, 1S0 Wilfon, Biihop of Briftol, 165 Witlefey, Archbilhop of Canterbury, Wittie, Dr. 123 Woodlark, Dr. Richard, 90, 154. Woollafton, William, 305 Woolfton, Thomas, ib. Worthington, Dr. 181 Wotton, Dr. A. 119, 12T Wranglers, xvii Wren, Biihop of Ely, 23 Wright, Dr. 72 Wyche, Sir Peter, 60 Wylfon, Dh Thomas, 117 Y. Tonge, Dr. Philip, Biihop of Norwich, rSo young, Dr. John, Biihop of Rochefter, 29 ———, Dr. Dean of Winchefter, 301 N. B.—-To have included the Names of all who are men « tioned in the courfe of this Work, would have extended the Index to an inconvenient Jize. I he principal, therefore, only are feleBed, and chiefly thofe of whom feme account is given in the Volume. FINIS. Printed by C. Clarke, Northumberland-Court, Strand. Books publilhed for E. HARDING, Crown and Mitre, Pall- Mall, and J. 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