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Let. 7. and State oíEujope. 155

that concerning the Valteline, and that concerningthe succession ot Mantua; without engaging sodeep as to divert him trôna another gréât objectof his policy, subdùing Rochelle and disarmingthe Huguenots You will observe how he turnedhimself, aster this was done, t o stop the progress ofFerdinand in Germany . Whilst Spain fomented dis-contents at the court and disorders in the kingdomof France , by ail possible means, even by takingengagements with the duke of Rohan, and forsupporting the protestants; Richelieu abetted thefamé inter est in Germany against Ferdinand; andin the Low Countries against Spain . The emperorwas become almost the master in Germany ChristTian the fourth, king of Denmark , had been atthe head of a league, wherein the United Provin­ ces , Sweden , and Tower Saxoriy entered, to op-pose his progress : but Christian had been defeatedby Tilly and Valstein, and obliged to con-clude a treaty at Tu bec, where Ferdinand gavehim the law. It was then that Gustavus Adol-phus, with whom Richelieu made an alliance,entered into this war, and soon turned the fortuneof it. The French m initier had not yet engagedhis master openly in the war; but when the Dutch grew impatient, and threatened to renew their trucewith Spain , unless France declared ; when the kingof Sweden was killed, and the battle ot Nord-lingen lost ; when Saxony had turned again to theside of the emperor, and Brandenburgh and somany others had íollowed this example, thatfieffe almost alone persisted in the Swedissi alliance: