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vestibulum also means the portico in front of a Romanhouse.

y 0 l u t e . An ornament of the Ionic capital, in form like a spiral.

The introduction of volutes is said by Vitruvius to havearisen from an imitation of the mode in which womenwere formerly accustomed to ornament their hair. Butthey are thought, with greater probability, to haverepresented the horns of the Ammonian Jupiter. In earlydays the statues of the heathen deities were merely blocks;which, as the arts progressively advanced, were roundedinto columns, and afterwards a representation of the humanhead was sculptured upon them; so that they resembledthe termini of later ages. Small volutes occur in thecapitals of Corinthian columns; they are said to be inimitation of the spiral tendrils in the stalk of the acanthus;which plant first suggested the introduction of leaves inthe capitals of columns.

X.

Xystus. See Paradromides.

Z.

Zophorus. The centre of the three divisions of the entablature over

Ionic and Corinthian columns; having the epistyliumbelow and the corona above it. The word is derived fromthe Greek £«!opo pw, which is compounded of an animal,and f ifw, to bear: because the representation of animalsand men were frequently sculptured in this member. Withus it is termed frize.

THE END.