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for Ion, the son of Xuthus and Cretisa, whom the DelphicApollo had acknowledged as son; that person led themoyer into Asia, and occupied the borders of Caria, andthere built the great cities of Ephesus, Miletus, Myus(which was long since destroyed by inundation, and itssacred rites and suffrages transferred by the Ionians to theinhabitants of Miletus), Priene, Samos, Teos, Colophon,Chios, Erythree, Pliocaea, Clazomense, Lehedos, and Melite.The last, as a punishment for the arrogance of its citizens,was detached from the other states in a war levied pur-suant to the directions of a general council; and in itsplace, as -a mark of favour towards king Attalus, and Ar-sinoe, the city of Smyrna was admitted into the numberof Ionian states, which received the appellation of Ionianfrom their leader Ion, after the Carians and Lelegae hadbeen driven out. In this country allotting different spotsfor sacred purposes, they began to erect temples, the firstof which was dedicated to Apollo Panionios, and resem-bled that which they had seen in Achaia, and they gave itthe name of Doric, because they had first seen thatspecies in the cities of Doria. As they wished to erectthis temple with columns, and had not a knowledge ofthe proper proportions of them, nor knew the way inwhich they ought to he constructed, so as at the sametime to he both fit to carry the superincumbent weight,and to produce a beautiful effect, they measured a man’sfoot, and finding its length the sixth part of his height,they gave the column a similar proportion, that is, theymade its height including the capital, six times thethickness of the shaft, measured at the base. Thus theDoric order obtained its proportion, its strength, and itsbeauty, from the human figure. Under similar notionsthey afterwards built the temple of Diana. But in that,seeking a new proportion, they used the female figure asthe standard : and for the purpose of producing a morelofty effect, they first made it eight times its thickness inheight. Under it they placed a base, after the manner

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