FORTIA's TRAVELS IN SWEDEN.

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by peace or truces was employed in framing wife laws, in encouraging the arts, com-merce, and agriculture; and, in one word, in proving that he was as great in peace asin war. A worthy defcendant of Guftavus Vafa, he had not in an equal degree thatfupplenefs and fkilful policy which dittinguilhed his grandfather, but of which again hehad no need, fince he had only to maintain himfelf on the throne in which his predecef-for required to be eftablifhed.

Without daring to decide which of thefe two monarchs has the greateft claim to ouradmiration, we fhall juft remark, that their name is a favourable omen for Sweden : hewho at prefent fills their feat has already realized the major part of the hopes whichthat illuflrious name encourages, as well as the great obligations it dmpofes. Gujia-vus IV. will not degenerate from his ancejhrs ; this we dare to predict, and after havinghad acquaintance of the rnafler and the fcholar, the augur has little right to be vain ofhis prophecy *.

Christina.

Chriftina, the only daughter of Guftavus Adolphus, fucceeded her father when onlyfix years of age, under the guardianfhip of a council of regency. During her reign, thewar in Germany was carried on with renewed vigour. The Swedifh generals formedin the fchooi of the great Guftavus, arrayed themfelves with glory, as well as the armiesthey commanded. The principal chiefs who headed thefe troops were, the Duke ofSaxe Weimar , who died in 1639; Guftavus Horn ; the famous Banner, who died in1641 ; Kniphaujcn, killed in Weftphaliain 1636; Alexander Lejl'te ; James de la Gar-die ; Koningfmark; Wrangel; the celebrated Torflenfon , named Generaliffimo at thedeath of Banner; and Charles Guftavus, Count Palatine, who fucceeded Chriftina.In 1637 Sweden made an alliance with France , which lafted to the peace of Munfter in1658. This peace was as glorious for Sweden as had been the war. The great Turenneon many occafions fqught with the Swedifh army not unworthy of fuch an illuftriousally. In order to give an idea of this war, we fhall trace the great battles which tookplace between the Swedes and the Imperialifts, without faying any thing of the townscarried, or innumerable conflicts more or lefs decifive, and many of which equivalentto battles. Leipfic in 1631 ; Lutzen in 1632 ; Nordlingue, 1634 (the only one loft) ;Perlberg in 1636 (general Banner) ; Rheinfeld, 1638 (Duke Bernard); Lutzen , 1642(Torflenfon); Jancovitz, 1642 (Torflenfon). But what renders thefe campaigns ad-mirable as leffons for military men, is the feries of operations, is their various combina-tions ; for a battle is fcarcely ever any thing more than the affair of a day, whereas tomanage a campaign requires more talents than the gaining a number of battles. Duringthe continuance of this war, there were feveral engagements between the Danes and theSwedes, which we fhall not particularize.

In 1650 the Queen, in the affembly of the States, nominated Charles Guftavus,Dukeof Deux Ponts, her coufm-german, as her fucceffor. The formal projedl of the Queenwas to abdicate the throne, and Charles Guftavus, while openly he appeared to blameher intention, had the addrefs fecretly to eftablifh her in her refolution. Notwithfland-jng fhe highly efteemed this Prince, fhe conftantly refufed to marry him. At length,c n the 2 ift May 1 654, in fpite of the reiterated reprefentations of every order in theftate, Chriftina pronounced her intention of refigning the crown on the 16th June fol-

* We {hall leave tin’s article juft as it was compofed in 1791, before an execrable treafon deprived Europe of a great man, fovereigns of a model, and Sweden of a fupport, the lofs of which the will ieel molt fenfi-bly, and fooner perhaps than is imagined.

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