COXe's TRAVELS IN RUSSIA.
891
wards five others, freighted with iron, made fuccefsful voyages to the Archipelago ; alfofour fmall vefi'els, and a fifth of four hundred tons juft launched, laden with hemp andtobacco, wereexpefted to fail from Kherfon for France , in November 1781.
Such in 178 >, was the infant ftate of that commerce,. which feme authors have de-feribed as capable of producing an immediate revolution in the trade of Europe : andin this, or in a ftill more fluauating ftate, it will probably continue, as long as he 1 urksretain the dominion of their own feas. For that jealous people will either openly oppofe,or clandeftinely obftrua, the progrefs of the Ruflians, and will never readily give a freepafiage through the Dardanelles to a powerful rival, though they confented to it m thehumiliating peace of 1774. Perhaps thefe claims, urged on one fade, and evaded onthe other, will engender perpetual diffentions, and will not be finally terminated but bya feries of obftinafe and bloody wars. Meanwhile the trade cannot for a confiderableperiod be extenfive, which depends on fuch cafual circumftances as the coalition and
rupture of rival and neighbouring powers. . r . r .
The courfe of fubfeqSent events can alone difeover, whether the pacification, fignedon the 9 th of January 1784, will be more permanent than former treaties or whetherthe fame caufes will not continue to produce the fame effedte. In a word, he Ruffiancommerce in thofe parts can fcarcely be eftabl.ffied on a firm bafis until the Emprefsacouires a fleet in the Black Sea fupenor to that of her rival. Perhaps the completionoAh s great ob eft may be effedteS by the acquifition of Grim Tartary f and the Ku-ban, rendered highly valuable by an additional extent of fea-coaft, and the important
Harbour of Aftiar or Sebaftopol.
„ , , c ■ •„ -w the obftacles to the rifine commerce of the Black Sc-a are by na
* Many perfons are o opin ’ For her commo dities and productions being articles of neceffity,
means .injurious to ; h f.‘ n “7“*°; o S exportation could add to their general confumption ; and the in-not of luxury, n0 / ac , B i ac j, B ea would diminilh that from St. Peterfburgh, and the other ports of
creafe of exportation fro • Bv t j, e facility and cheapnefs of land carriage, and the improve-
the Baltic nearly in the dll aions of the remoteft provinces are readily fent to the ports of the
ments of inland na yS at , ’ JJ 00 | u „h. And as the goods which Ruffia produces are either peculiar toBaltic, without raifing the p g tmrehafe, they cannot pafs through too many hands before they
.U. empire, or neb «£ ^ Si ".trSd.^eir Mp.ft.tio..,,!?« price of fob good, which fl.l“eldTlSis cberpe,‘Z” mhei »uo», Aid be Ac, . m»»M lot., ...d » grM.fy the iore.gn .mder
^ t'lTe'cnCr'vvhich had long been an objeft of Ruffian ambition, was fecured by the intrigues and
arms of Catharine. TWanroc, the diftnA between the Don and the Dnieper ; and the forts of
.The reqnilition of4Uo 1 - g ^ )ude t0 t ) ie con queft of that pemnfula. Catharine availed her-
Kimburn, Kerffi, and \ emk , Jj; w |,jch ftipulated that the Khan fhould be confirmed by Ruffia
felfo, the Circle .h. p.plnfli,, obt.ieed ,be el.aion of Sehinr Ger.i, , J.inc. of
S.’uio" r'oyab'fo'rmer^ambJador fL tl.eVao to St. Peteriborgh, «ho w» gamed o,,r to the .Mer.ll.^ In^cnYcquence of hi, ^^ti^l'Jmioafcrued^The'Emprela fc'avinTulp^t'MedTim^Khan captain 1 .!
jefts in the Turkifh in ere , n ‘ }, er 0 fjj cer> againlt the rebels. Notwithftanding the public re-
the guards, fent an army o pro p orte the Khan was no fooner fecured in his dignity, than he was
»»«"»“• AATrc.nting 5 he endeavoured to efc.pe, and pot himllif ll the bead of
induced to abdicate , b P . , the R u fli ans , an d offered to fupport him as their fovereign. His
his fuhjefts, who were i a . ^ Tamer, from thence to Kiof, and finally to Voronetz, where he
intentions being difeovtie Emorefs. Irritated by repeated degradations, he efcaped into
Mot’,',!: IKT-STw“ em'ltA from the Porte, tran.Fetted to the He of and
flrangled. concurrence of Jofeph the Second, and made the mod formidable prepare-
Catharine haring gam p orte wag awe d, and refigned the fovereignty of the Crimea to Ruffia.
Spifuk waf modelled' into a new government^under the name of Tatmda, and the prmdpaUowns