5*5
10. Wudaga. — Ufed by Tippoo for flocking firelocks.
11. Palawaraynu, Nerium tinctorium, Roxb. MSS. — The timber is fawed intoplanks ; and ploughs, and other implements of agriculture, are made of it. Thenatives are acquainted with the procefs for extracting indigo from- its leaves.
12. Devadarum, Erythroxylon Siderovyloides, L.M. — A sweet-fcented blackwood, ufed by the poor inflead of fandal wood.
13. Bilu, Sweitenia Chloroxylon, Rox .—The timber is reckoned of little value bythe natives, although it is faid to be our fatin wood.
14. Raynou, Rhamnus xyloprus Koen. — A flronger timber ufed for poflsand beams.
15. Aree Bauhinia. — A ftrong black timber.
16. Pedualinge. — A black wood.
17. Mimofa Lebec, L. M. — A white heavy timber.
18. Tanaca. — Ufed for planks and beams.
19. Vaypachitu, Melia Azadirachta, Lin. —Ufed for beams and pofls.
20. Nayla Balafu, Haydarany of the Canarefe. — A black wood, that kindlesreadily, and burns clearly, and therefore is ufed for torches.
In afcending the Ghats, I had an excellent opportunity of obferving the flrata,where the rock' has been cut away to form the road. The grand component part ofthefe mountains is a granite, confiding of white felfpar and quartz, with dark greenmica, in a fmall proportion to the other two ingredients. The particles are angular,and of moderate fize. It feems to come near to the glanitello of the Italians (Waller. Min. II. p. 423), and is an excellent material for building; as it is readilycleft by wedges, and is at the fame time ftrong and durable. .Intermixed with thisis another ftone, in a date of decay, confifting of angular maffes of various fizes,divided by fiflures, fo as to be feparable with little difficulty. The fides of the fifluresare tarnifhed, and covered by extraneous matter. This is a ftone commonly called agranite in decay, the mica being fuppofed to have been entirely decompofed, and theFelfpar to be in the a£t of decompofition, and to have affumed an arid powdery ap-pearance, while the glaffy quartz retains its natural confidence. That the flrata inqueftion are in a date of decay, from the numerous fiflures in them, I have no doubt;but there are other flrata of fimilar component parts common all over the lowerCarnatic , efpecially at Mahabalipura (the feven Pagodas,) which are in the moftperfect flate of prefervation, without the fmalleft mark of decay, and fit for formingthe moft durable buildings. Mr. Fichtel, who has been fo kind as to look over myfpecimens, and to affift me with his opinion concerning their nature, thinks, that theftone of Mahabalipura confifts of a mixture of arid and of fat quartz ; and, althoughhe calls the ftone of the Ghats granite, I have no doubt of its component parts beingthe fame with thofe of the Mahabalipura ftone.
Both thefe rocks appear to be ftratified ; but the flrata are wonderfully broken, and■confufed. In fome places they are ahnoft horizontal, in others they are vertical, withall intermediate degrees of inclination. Sometimes the decaying ftratum lies above theperfect, and at other times is covered by it. I faw many flrata not above three feetwide; while in other maffes, of eight or ten feet high, and many long, I could perceiveno divifion.
Immerfed in both kinds, I obferved many nobules, as large as the head, which werecompofed of a decaying fubftance containing much green mica. In other places thereare large veins, and beds, containing fmall rhomboidal maffes, of what Mr. Fichteltakes to be a compofition of a fmall proportion of quartz with much iron.
vol. viii. 4 F The