& 2 d Buchanan’s journey through'

The iron ore of the fields confifts of fmall irregular maffes, feparated by thin layers*of earthy matter, and is found in beds that are from five to ten feet deep, which haveonly been wrought in a few places, where they come fo near the furface that theyhave been difcovered by the plough. It is probable, that by digging deep they mightbe found to be of great extent. The fmall maffes are eafily beaten into powder,and then the black fand is readily feparated, by wafhing, from the clay and faud thatare the other ingredients in their compofition. This ore is of two kinds; oneefflorefcin ( Gf into red ochre, the other into yellow. Intermixed with both thefe kindsof ore, which are called female ftones, are many lumps of what the natives call maleflone. It appears to me to be compofed of the fame materials with the female ftone,but is fo hard, that the imperfeft manipulations of the natives cannot reduce it to apowder, and of courfe they cannot feparate the earthy matter. It is, therefore,looked upon as ufelefs, fluxes being totally unknown to the miners of Myfore. Thefemale ftone appears to me to be the male in a ftate of decay.

The iron ore of the hills is alio male and female ; the latter being the only oneufcd ; and this is alio, in my opinion, the male in a ftate of diffolution. The maleftone in the hills bears a much larger proportion to the female than it does in thefields. This ore alfo is found on digging a very little depth into the foil, and feemsto be the fource from whence moft of the black fand of the country is wafhed by therain. It appears to me to differ from the quartz impregnated with iron, which Imentioned in the account of the Pedda Nayakana durga Ghats, only by containinga larger quantity of metal. The female ftone is very eafily reduced to a powderand the iron fand is readily feparated, by wafhing, from the quartzofe fand,which is the other ingredient in the ore. It is not fo rich in metal as the orefound in the fields. Thefe two ores are called aduru cullu, or ftones containingiron fand.

On the furface of the hills is found another iron ore called ipanada, which is Mat-tered among the gravel in fmall lumps, from the fize of an egg downwards. Theyare a pure ore, and are put in the furnace without any preparation, except breaking thelarger pieces into bits about the fize of a filbert. The quantity of ipanada requiredfoU one furnace is exactly the fame, by meafure, as that of Aduru ; but the weight ofipanada is of courfe lefs, there being more fpace occupied by interftices, from thegreater, fize of the pieces. The produce of iron from both is the fame. The furfaceof the lumps of ipanada is often covered with a kind of black enamel.

18th June. — I paffed this day in the woods near Savana-durga, inveftigating theirproductions. The woodmen are a poor ignorant race, moft of them of the loweft caft,.called Whalliaru ; but they always pretend to know every plant of,which the name isafked. They have alfo a number of fpecific appellations, fuch as bily, white ; kempu,red ; cari, black ; doda, large; chica, fmall; betta, mountain; wullay, cultivated;cadu, wild ; timbo, eatable; and the like 4 many of which they often apply to thelame fpecies. and fometimes the fame name to different fpecies, with fo little accuracy,that any perfon, who depends on their accounts will find himfelf thrown into greatconfufion.

19th June. — I was obliged to remain at Magadi ftill another day to completemy collection of forefl trees, and to procure fpecimens of the ftones from the beltquarries.

The ftones that are employed in building the temples at Magadi, are,

xft. The granitic porphyry, or the granite which contains large maffes of red

8 felfpau