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charity. Owing to a difpute about the burning of the body of the Raja’s mother, thisprieft incurred the heavy difpleafure of Tippoo , and was under the neceffity of flyingto the dominions of the Nabob of Arcot, and ftill remains there at Trinomaly. Thelearning is chiefly confined to the Swamalu and his pupils. Moll of the Jangamas areacknowledged, even by their followers, to be very ignorant. The fed: have a bookcalled Devanga Purana, which every one may read. It was written by Devanga Muni,the common anceftor of the race. The Jangamas read the Bafwana Purana, andpoflefs many books that the Devangas are not permitted to fee. Out of thefe theyrepeat portions to the laity at the annual ceremony performed in memory of theirdeceafed parents, at births, and at funerals'. Thefe portions are committed to memoryby the Jangamas, it not being lawful for the laity even to look at the books; but asthefe are written in the vulgar language, and of courfe are underltood by every one,the Devangas are laughed at by their neighbours for confidering them as of anyvalue. The panchanga attends at marriages, and reads a mantram in Sanfkrit; which,being unintelligible, is very highly valued. The knowledge of the laity is confinedto the keeping of accompts and writing letters. The Gurus and Jangamas poflefs thefame authority over the Devangas, as they do over the Pancham Banijigas.
The proper god of the caft is Ifwara or Siva, and hrs wife and family; efpecially hisfervant the Bafwa, and his fon Ganefa, who has particular authority over the loom,and, when his worfhip is neglefted, is apt to make it go wrong.
The hereditary chiefs of the Canara Devangas are called Ijyamana. With theafiiftance of a council of the elders, thefe chiefs take cognizance of all offencesagainft the ceremonies of caft. They reprimand for fmall offences; for thofe of ahigher nature, excommunicate; and, in cafes of great importance, fend the accufedperfon to the Swamalu for his decifion. The chiefs and councils endeavour to fettle-all civil difputes between members of the caft, firft by admonition ; then by excom-munication of thofe who are unreafonable ; and finally by applying to the officers ofgovernment, who generally enforce the decrees of the Ijyamanas.
The whole of the Canara Devangas can intermarry. They are allowed a pluralityof wives, which they purchafe from their parents, paying from’ 4 to 16 pagodas(il. 6s. 2ld.—5I. 7s. 5Id.) for each, according to their circumftances. The wivesare not fhut up, nor are they ever divorced except for adultery. They eat no animalfood, nor ufe any intoxicating fubftance,. except as a medicine. They bury thedead, and believe that after death good men are united to God ; bad men fuffertranfmigration. The Nidamavudy Swamalu is looked upon as the fame with Uwara,and even a common Jangama is confidered as a portion of the deity.
The Teliga Devangas retain their native Telinga language, but are divided info twofefts; of whom one worlhips Vifhnu, and the other Ifwara j but both feds intermarry,the wife always adopting the religion of the hufband.
The Teliga Devangas of the fed of Siva do not wear the linga, although theyconfider Cari Bafwa-uppa as their Guru. The prieft admonifhes them to wafh theirheads, and to pray regularly to Ifwara; and, as ufual, requires from them contribu-tions. He has a fmall due on every marriage. The panchanga reads mantrams atbirths, marriages, and funerals; at the amavafya, or laft day of the lunar month,and at the tithi, or day on which their parents died ; on both of which days a fall:,in commemoration of their deceafed parents, is obferved by the greater part of theHindu race. On thefe occafions the Jangamas attend, but merely to receivecharity. Concerning a future life, they have fimilar opinions with thofe who wearthe linga. They offer bloody facrifices to the Saktis . They bury the dead;; and the
cuftoni,