TEN

fcastions; as the faces, flanks, and curtain.Hence it is said, the enemy attacked the wholetenaille of a place, when they make two attacks<yn the faces of the two bastions.

TEN Al LLONS, are works made on eachfide of the ravelin, much like the lunettes: theydiffer, in that one of the faces of a tcnaillon isin the direction of the face of the ravelin;whereas that of the lunette is perpendicular to it.

TENTS, in war, a pavillion or portableJiouse. They are made of canvass, for of-ficers and soldiers to lie under when in the field.

Thesizesof the officers tents are not fixed; someregiments have them of one size, and some of an-other : a captain’s tent and marquee is generallyiof feet broad, 14 deep, and 8 high: the subal-terns are afoot less ; the major’s and lieutenant-colonel’s, afoot larger; and the colonel’s 2 feetlarger.

The subalterns of foot lie two in a tent, andthose of horse but one.

The tents of private men are 61 feet squarennd 5 feet high, and hold 5 soldiers each.

The tents for the horse are 7 feet broad and 9feet deep: they hold likewise 5 men, and theirhorse accoutrements.

^//-Tknts, so called from their resemblanceto a bell: they serve to shelter the fire-armsfrom rain.

To pitch the Tents, is to fix them up readyfor habitation, by the affiflance of a ridge-pole,two standards, and a quantity of tent-pins.

TERRASS. See Mortar.

TER RE-£/«'«, in fortification , the top plat-form, or horizontal surface of the rampart,whereon the cannon are placed, as well as thetroops that defend the place : it is also the pas-sage of the rounds.

TERTIATE, in gunnery, is to examine thethickness of the metal of a piece of artillery, inorder to judge of its strength. This is usuallydone with a pair of calliper compasses.

TERTIAT1NG a pece of ordnance , is to findwhether it has its due thickness at the vent,trunnions, and neck; if the trunnions andneck are in their due order, and the chafestraight, &c.

TESTUDO, in the military art of the ancients,Wits a kind of cover or screen, which the sol-diers of each company made themselves of theirbucklers, by holding them up over their heads,a nd standing close to each other. This expe-dient served to shelter them from darts, stones,thrown upon them, especially those froma bove, when they went to the assault.

Testudo, was also a kind of large wooden*°wer, which moved on several wheels, and

T i M

was covered with bullocks hides: it served toshelter the soldiers, when they approached thewalls to mine them, or to batter them with rams,

TEU TONIC order. See Order.

THEORY, in general, denotes every doc-trine which terminates in speculation alone,without considering the practical uses and ap-plication thereof. Military theory and practicejoined are exceedingly useful.

THUNDERING-/^™#, was a legion in theRoman army, consisting of Christian soldiers ;who, in the expedition of the emperor MarcusAurelius against the Sarmatæ, Quadi, andMarcomanni, laved the whole army, then readyto perish of thirst, by procuring, by theirprayers, a very plentiful shower thereon, andat the fame time a furious storm of hail, mixedwith lightening and thunderbolts,on the enemy.

This is the account commonly given by ec-clesiastical historians, and the whole history isengraven in bass-relievos on the Antonine co-*lumn.

TILTS. See Tournaments.

TIMBER, in militaiy architecture , include*'all kinds of felled and seasoned wood used inthe several parts of building, &c.

Oak, of all the different kinds of timbefknown in Europe for building, is the best in allrespects; because, when it is well seasoned anddry, it is very tough and hard : it does not splitso easy as other timber, and bears a muchgreater weight than any other. When it is usedunder cover, it never perishes, no more than inwater ; on the contrary, the older it grows, theharder it becomes; and when it is exposed tothe weather, it exceeds all other timber fordurable ness. English oak is the best, Ameri-can the next, then Norway, and-lastly German.

Elm, if felled between November and Febru-ary, is all spine or heart, and no sap, and is ofsingular use in places where it is always wet ordry. It is very tough and pliable; it is easilyworked, and does not easily split: it bear*driving of bolts and nails into it better than anyother wood; for which reason it is almost theonly kind of wood used in artillery.

Beach, is likewise a very useful wood; it isvery tough and white when young, and ofgreat strength, but liable to warp very muchwhen exposed to the weather, and to be worm-eaten when used within doors. It is frequentlyused for axle-trees, fellies, and all kind ofwheel-wright work: but where it is kept con-stantly wet, and free from air, it will out-last oak.

Jfh. Its use is almost universal, but it is ra-ther scarce in most parts of Europe : it serve*in buildings, or for any other uses where it isGg 2 ikree&cd