GIG THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF

from this prohibition, iron, copper, and mundic metal madefrom British ore. The exportation of all sorts of copper bars,foreign as well as British , was afterward permitted by the9th and 10th of William III . chap. 26. The exportation ofunmanufactured brass, of what is called gun-metal, bell-metal,and shroff-metal, still continues to be prohibited. Brass ma-nufactures of all sorts may be exported duty-free.

The exportation of the materials of manufacture, where itis not altogether prohibited, is in many cases subjected toconsiderable duties.

By the 18th George I. chap. 15., the exportation of allgoods the produce or manufacture of Great Britain , uponwhich any duties had been imposed by former statutes, wasrendered duty free. The following goods, however, wereexcepted : alum, lead, lead ore, tin, tanned leather, copperas,coals, wool, cards, white woollen cloths, lapis calaminaris,skins of all sorts, glue, coney hair or wool, hares’ wool, hairof all sorts, horses, and litharge of lead. If you except horses,all these are either materials of manufacture, or incompletemanufactures (which may be considered as materials for stillfurther manufacture), or instruments of trade. This statuteleaves them subject to all the old duties which had ever beenimposed upon them, the old subsidy and one per cent,outwards.

By the same statute a great number of foreign drugs fordyers’ use, are exempted from all duties upon importation.Each of them, however, is afterward subjected to a certainduty, not indeed a very heavy one, upon exportation. Ourdyers, it seems, while they thought it for their interest to en-courage the importation of those drugs, by an exemptionfrom all duties, thought it likewise for their own interest tothrow some small discouragement upon their exportation.The avidity, however, which suggested this notable piece ofmercantile ingenuity, most probably disappointed itself of itsobject. It necessarily taught the importers to be more care-ful than they might otherwise have been, that their importa-tion should not exceed what was necessary for the supply ofthe home market. The home market was at all times likelyto be more scantily supplied; the commodities were at alltimes likely to be somewhat dearer there than they wouldhave been, had the exportation been rendered as free as theimportation.

By the above-mentioned statute, gum senega or gum arabic,