INDEX.

923

Leases, the various usual conditions of,468.

Leather, restrictions on the exportation of,unmanufactured, 614.

Lectures in universities, frequently impro-per for instruction, 716.

Levity, the vices of, ruinous to the commonpeople, and therefore severely censured bythem, 745.

Liberty, three duties only necessary for asovereign to attend to, for supporting a systemof, 647.

Lima, computed number of inhabitants iuthat city, 52B.

Linen manufacture, narrow policy of themaster manufacturers in, 603.

Literature, the rewards of, reduced bycompetition, 132. Was more profitable inancient Greece , 133. The cheapness of li-terary education an ndvantugc to the public,134.

Loans of money, the nature of, analysed,331. The extensive operation of, 33*.

Locke, Mr., remarks on his opinion of thedifference between the market and mintprices of silver bullion, 47. His account ofthe cause of lowering the rates of interest formoney examined, 334. His distinction be-tween money and moveable goods, 394.

Lodgings, cheaper in London than in anyother capital city in Europe , 118.

Logic, the origin and employment of, 722.

Lotteries, the true nature of, and the causesof their success, explained, 107.

Luck, instances of the universal reliancemankind have on it, 107.

Lutherans , origin und principles of thatsect, 759.

Luxuries, distinguished from necessaries,823. Operation of taxes on, 824. The goodand bad properties of taxes on, 849.

Macedon, Philip of, tiro superiority thatdiscipline gave his army over those of his ene-mies, 658.

Machines for facilitating mechanical ope-rations, how invented and improved, 17. Areadvantageous to every society, 268.

Madder, the cultivation of, long confined toHolland by English tithes, 789.

Madeira wines, how introduced into North America and Britain , 464.

Malt, reasons for transferring the duty onbrewing to, 84*. Distillery, how to preventsmuggling in, 844.

Manufactures, the great advantages result-ing from a division of labour in, 12. In-stances in illustration, 18. Why profits in-crease in the higher stages of, 54. Of whatparts the gain of manufactures cousist, 57.'The private advantage of secrets in manufac-tures, 63. Peculiar advantages of soil and si-tuation, ib. Monopolies, 64. Corporationprivileges, ib. The deductions made fromlabour em ' ' on manufactures, 68. In-

quiry how far they are affected by seasons of

plenty and scarcity, 85. Are not so mate-rially affected by circumstances iu the coun-try where they are carried on, us in the placeswhere they are consumed, 86. New manu-factures generally give higher wages than oldones, 114. Are more profitably carried on intowns than in the open country, 125. J!ywhat means the prices of, are reduced, whilethe society continues improving, 239. In-stances in hardware, 240. Instances in thewoollen manufacture, ib. What fixed capitalsare required to carry on particular manufac-tures, 259. Tor distunt sale, why not esta-blished in North America , 357. Why manu-factures are preferred to foreign trade, for theemployment of a capital, ib. Motives to theestablishment of manufactures for distant sale,377. How shifted from one country to an-other, 378. Natural circumstances which con-tribute to the establishment of them, 379.Their effect on the government und mannersof n country, 381. The independence ofartisans explained, 386. May flourish amidstthe ruin of a country, and begin to decay onthe return of its prosperity, 409. Inquiryhow far manufactures might be affected by afreedom of trade, 431. Those thrown out ofone business can transfer their industry tocollateralemployments, 433. A spiritof com-bination among them to support monopolies,434. Manufacturers prohibited by old sta-tutes from keeping a shop, or selling their ow ngoods by retail, 490. The use of wholesaledealers to manufacturers, 492. British re-straints on manufactures in North America ,540. The exportation of instruments in, pro-hibited, 618.

Manufacturers, an unproductive class of thepeople, according to the French agriculturalsystem of political economy, 625. The errorof this doctrine shewn, 634. IIow manufac-turers augment the revenue of a country, 637.Why the principal support of foreign trade,640. Require u more extensive market thanrude produce of the land, 642. Were exer-cised by slaves in ancient Greece , 643. Highprices of, in Greece and at Home, 644. Falsepolicy to check manufactures in order to pro-mote agriculture, 646. In Great Britain whyprincipally fixed in the coal countries, 827.

Manure, the supply of, in most places de-pends on the stock of cattle raised, 216.

Maritime countries, why the first that arecivilized and improved, 25.

Martial spirit,how supported in the ancientrepublics of Greece and Home, 736. 'Thewant of it now supplied by standing armies,737. The establishment of a militia little ableto support it, ib.

Mediterranean sea peculiarly favourable forthe first attempts in navigation, 26.

Meggens, Mr., his account of the annualimportation of gold and silver into Spain undPortugal , 204. His relative proportion ofeach, 207.

Mercantile system explained, 033.

3 N 2