930

INDEX.

and silver there, depreciated by laying a taxon the exportation of them, 472. Agricul-ture and manufactures there, discouraged bythe redundancy of gold and silver, 473. Na-tural consequences that would result fromtaking away this tax, ib. The real and pre-tended motives of the Court of Castile fortaking possession of the countries discoveredby Columbus , 521. The tax on gold ami sil-ver, liow reduced, 522. Gold, the object ofall the enterprises to the new world, ib. Thecolonies of, less populous than those of anyother Kuropean nation, 520. Asserted anexclusive claim to all America , until the mis-carriage of their invincible armada, 529, 530.Policy of the trade with the colonies, 536.The American establishments of, elfectcd byprivate adventurers, who received little be-yond permission from the government, 549.Lost its manufactures by acquiring rich andfertile colonies, 570. The alcavnla tax thereexplained, 053. The ruin of the Spanish ma-nufactures attributed to it, 054.

Speculation, a distinct employment in im-proved society, 10. Speculative merchantsdescribed, 113.

Stage, public performers on, paid for thecontempt attending their profession, 106.The political use of dramatic representations,717.

Stain]) duties in England and Holland, re-marks on, 013. 017.

Steel-bow tenants in Scotland , what, 365.

Stock, the profits raised on, in manufac-tures, explained, 52. In trade, an increaseof, raises wages, and diminishes profit, 80.Must be larger in a great town than in acountry village, 90. Natural consequences ofa deficiency of stock in new colonies, 93. Theprofits on, little affected by the easiness ordifliculty of learning a trade, 102. Put bythe risk, or disagreeublencss of the business,111. Stock employed for profit, sets intomotion the greater part of useful labour, 246.No accumulation of, necessary in the rudestate of society, 256. The accumulation of,necessary to the division of labour, 257.Stock distinguished into two parts, 259. Thugeneral stock of a country or society ex-plained, 260. Houses, 261. Improved land,262. Personal abilities, it). Money and pro-visions,ib. ltaw materials and manufacturedgoods, 263. Stock of individuals, how em-ployed, 265. Is frequently buried or con-cealed, in arbitrary countries, ib. The profitson, decrease, in proportion as the quantityincreases, 316. On what principles stock islent and borrowed at interest, 330. That ofevery society divided among different em-ployments, in the proportion most agreeableto the public interest, by the private views ofindividuals, *>9(), The natural distribution of,deranged by monopolizing systems, 592.Every derangement of, injurious to the so-ciety, 593. Mercantile, is barren and unpro-ductive, according to the French agricultural

system of political economy, 626. IIow farthe revenue from, is an object of taxation,799. A tax on, intended under the land-tax, 002.

Stockings, why cheaply manufactured inScotland , 117. When first introduced intoEngland, 242.

Stone quarries, their value depends on si-tuation, 161. 173.

Stones, precious, of no use but for orna-ment, and how the price of, is regulated, 171.The most abundant mines of, would add littleto the wealth of the world, ib.

Subordination, how introduced into so-ciety, 666. Personal qualifications, ib. Ageand fortune, ib. 667. Birth, 660. Birth andfortune, two great sources of personal dis-tinction, 669.

Subsidy, old, in the English customs, thedrawbacks upon, 461. Origin and import ofthe term, 032.

Sugar, a very profitable article of cultiva-tion, 155.364. Drawbacks on the exportationof, from England, 462. Might be cultivatedby the drill plough, instead of all hand labourby slaves, 547. A proper subject for taxa-tion, us an article sold at monopoly price,046.

Sumptuary laws superfluous restraints onthe common people, 327.

Surinam , present state of the Dutch colonythere, 530.

Switzerland , establishment of the reforma-tion in Berne anil Zurich, 758. The clergythere zealous and industrious, 765. Taxeshow paid there, 803. 013.

Taille, in France , the nature of that tax,and its operation, explained, 360. 006.

Talents, natural, not so various indillercnttorn as is supposed, 22.

Tartars , their manner of conducting war,648. Their invasions dreadful, 649.

Tavernier,hisaccountuf the diamond minesof Golconda and Visiapour, 171.

Taxes, the origin of, under the feudal go-vernment, 371. The sources from whencethey must arise, 777. Unequal taxes, ib.Ought to be clear and certain, 778. Oughtto be levied at the times most convenient forpayment, ib. Ought to take as little as pos-sible out of the pockets of the people, morethan is brought into the public treasury, ib.How they maybe made more burdensome tothe people than beneficial to the sovereign,ib. Tlieland-taxofGreatBritain,779. Land-tax at Venice, 782. Improvements suggestedfor a land-tax, ib. Mode of assessing theland-tax in Prussia, 786. Tithes a very un-equal tax, and a discouragement to improve-ment, 789. Operation of tax on house rent,payable by the tenant, 793. A proportion-able tax on houses, the best source of reve-nue, 795. How far the revenue from stockis a proper object of taxation, 799. Whetherinterest of money is proper for taxation, 000.