932

INDKX.

mote that of the public, 419. Legal regula-tions of trade unsafe, ib. Retaliatory regula-tions between nations,480. Measures for lay-ing trade open, ought to be earned into exe-cution slowly, 484. Policy of the restraints ontrade between Prance and Britain considered,436. Mo certain criterion to determine on■which side the balance of trade between twocountries turns, 437. Most of the regulationsof, founded on a mistaken doctrine of the ba-lance of trade, 451. Is generally founded onnarrow principles of policy, 456. Drawbacksof duties, 461. The dealer who employs hiswhole stock in one single branch of business,has an advantage of the same kind with theworkninn who employs his whole labour on asingle operation, 491. Consequences of draw-ing it from a number of small channels intoone great, channel, 565. Colony trade, andthe monopoly of that trade, distinguished,568. The interest of the consumer constantlysacrificed to that of the producer, 620. Ad-vantages attending a perfect freedom of, tolanded nations, according to the present agri-cultural system of political economy in France ,630. Origin of foreign trade, 631. Conse-quences of high duties and prohibitions, inlanded nations, ib. 633. How trade augmentsthe revenue of a country, 637. Nature of thetrading intercourse between the inhabitants oftowns and those of the country, 645.

Trades, cause and effect of the separationof, 13. Origin of, 21.

Transit duties explained, 848.

Travelling for education, summary view ofthe effects of, 725.

Treasures, why formerly accumulated byprinces, 410.

Treasure-trove, the term explained, 265.Why an important branch of revenue underthe ancient feudal governments, 062..

Turkey Company, short historical view of,690.

Turnpikes. See Tolls*

Universities, the emoluments of theteachers in, how far calculated to promotetheir diligence, 714. The professors at Oxfordhave mostly given up teaching, 715. Thosein France subject to incompetent jurisdic-tions, ib. The privilege of graduates impro-perly obtained, 716. Abuse of lectureships,ib. The discipline of, seldom calculated forthe benefit of the students, 717. Are, in Eng-land, more corrupted than the public schools,718. Original foundation of, 719. How Latin became an essential article in academicaleducation, ib. How the study of the Greeklanguage was introduced, 720. The threegreat branches of the Greek philosophy, ib.Are now divided into five branches, 722. Themonkish course of education in,723. Havenot been very ready to adopt improvements,724. Are not well calculated to prepare menfor the world, 725. How filled with good pro-fessors, or drained of them,763. Where the

worst and best professors are generally to b«met with, ib. See Colleges and Teachers.

Value, tbo term defined, 33.

Vedius Pollio, Ids cruelly to his slaveschecked by the Roman emperor Augustus ,which could not have been done under therepublican form of government, 548.

Venice, origin of the silk manufacture inthat city, 378. Traded in East India goodsbefore the sea track round the Cape of Good Hope was discovered, 518. Nature of theland-tax in that republic, 782.

Venison , the price of in Britain , does notcompensate the expense of a deer park, 219.

Vicesima hrcrcditntum among the ancientRomans, the nature of, explained, 812.

Villages, how first formed, 356.

Villenage, probable cause of the wearingout of that tenure in Europe , 365.

Vineyard, the most profitable part of agri-culture, both among the ancients and mo-derns, 152. Great advantages derived frompeculiarities of soil in, 154.

Wages of labour how settled between mas-ters and workmen, 68. The workmen gene-rally obliged to comply with the terms oftheir employers, ib. The opposition of work-men outrageous, and seldom successful, 69.Circumstances which operate to raise wnges,70. Tin* extent of wages limited by the fundsfrom which they arise, 71. Why higher inNorth America than in England, ib. Are lowin countries that are stationary, 73. Not op-pressively low in Great Britain , 75. A dis-tinction made here between the wages insummer and in winter, ib. If sufficient indear years, they must be ample in seasons ofplenty, 76, Different rates of, in differentplaces, ib. Liberal wages encourage industryand propagation, 83. An advance of, neces-sarily raises the price of many commodities,

88. An average of, not easily ascertained,

89. The operation of high wages and highprofits compared, 98. Causes of the variationsof, in different employments, 100. Are gene-rally higher in new, than in old trades, 114.Legal regulations of, destroy industry andingeuuiy, 141. Natural effects of a direct tax,upon, 817.

Walpole, Sir Robert, his excise scheme de-fended, 839.

Wants of mankind, how supplied throughthe operation of labour, 28. How extended, inproportion to their supply, 162. The fargreater part of them supplied from the pro-duce of other men's labour, 256.

Wars, foreign, the funds for the mainte-nance of, in the present century, have littledependence on the quantity of gold and sil-ver in a nation, 406. How supported by anation of hunters, 640. By a nation of shep-herds, ib. By a nation of husbandmen, 650.Men of military age, what proportion theybear to the whole society, ib. Feudal wars,