88
RUTACEiE.
CANOTIA HOLACANTHA.
Canotia holacantha, Torrey, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. 68. — 24, 81, t. i. — Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, ix. 106. —
Gray, Ives’ Rep. 15; Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 160. — Brewer Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10 th Census U. S. ix. 32.
& Watson, Bot. Cal. i. 190. — Rothrock, Wheeler's Rep. Eoeberlinia (?), Engelmann, Emory's Rep. 158, f. 14.
Canotia holacantha is a small shrub-like tree, sometimes twenty to thirty feet high, with a shortstout trunk rarely a foot in diameter, or often a low spreading shrub. It grows on the dry gravellymesas of the Arizona foothills, from the White-mountain region to the valley of Bill Williams Fork inthe northwestern part of the territory, and on Providence Mountain in southern California . 1
Canotia holacantha was discovered in January, 1854, on the hills above White Cliff Creek, a smalltributary of Bill Williams Fork, by Dr. J. M. Bigelow , 2 botanist of the expedition under Lieutenant A.W. Whipple, United States army , to explore a route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to thePacific Ocean near the thirty-fifth parallel.
1 Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cal., 1. c.
2 John Milton Bigelow (1804-1878) was born in Middlebury ,Vermont . His family moved to Ohio in 1815, and in 1832 the songraduated from the Medical College of Ohio. He establishedhimself in the practice of his profession in Lancaster , Ohio , andreceived in 1850 the appointment of surgeon of the MexicanBoundary Commission, and three years later, on the completion ofthe boundary survey, that of surgeon and botanist of the govern-ment expedition organized to explore, under command of Lieuten-ant Whipple, a route along the thirty-fifth parallel for a railroadfrom the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. In 1860 Dr. Bigelow made his home in Detroit , where later he was appointed
surgeon of the Marine Hospital, and Professor of Medical Botanyand Materia Medica in the Medical College. The list of Dr. Big elow ’s botanical contributions includes a paper on the medicalplants of Ohio , published in 1849 ; important papers on the bo-tanical character of the country traversed by Lieutenant Whip-ple’s expedition, and a description of its forest trees and of someof the valuable and remarkable trees of California , published inthe fourth volume of the Pacific Railroad Reports ; a number ofpapers on the medicinal properties of plants, written during the lastyears of his life, and published in the Detroit Journal of Medicineand Pharmacy.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.
Plate XXXVII. Canotia holacantha.
1. A flowering branch, natural size.
2. Diagram of a flower.
3. A flower, enlarged.
4. Vertical section of a flower, enlarged.
5. Anterior and posterior views of a stamen, enlarged.
6. A fruiting branch, natural size.
7. Vertical section of a fruit, natural size.
8. A seed, enlarged.
9. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged.
10. An embryo, much enlarged.