BATHS.
95
Pai ts of London this may effectually be accomplished, at a comparatively moderate ex-SS nse > and, if the well be deep enough, the water will be abundant, soft, and pellucid.e labor of forcing it by a pump to the top of the house, is the only drawback: this,owever, is very easily done by a horse-engine, or there are people enough about town,|[f] to undertake it at a shilling a day. I am led to these "remarks by observing the‘ \y state of the water usually supplied, at very extravagant rates, by the water com-panies. Jt 0 f ten p ar takes more of the appearance of pea-soup than of the pure ele-, ent ; fills our cisterns and pipes with mud and dirt, and, even when cleared by subsi-nce > is extremely unpalatable. It deposites its nastiness in the pipes connected witharm baths, and throws down a slippery deposite upon the bottom of the vessel itself toy 1 ®u extent, as often to preclude its being used, at least as a luxury, which a clearM clean bath really is. This inconvenience may, in some measure, be avoided, by suf-eung the water to throw down its extraneous matters upon the bottom of the cistern, andrawing our supplies from pipes a little above it; there will, however, always.be morer less deposite in the pipes themselves; and every time the water runs into the cistern,e grouts are stirred up, and diffused through its mass : this, from some cause or other,as lately become an intolerable nuisance ; and he who reflects upon the miscellaneousontents of Thames water, will not have his appetite sharpened by a draught of the GrandUnction beverage, nor feel reanimated and refreshed by bathing in a compound so hete-rogeneous and unsavory.
4 and 5. Jn public bathing establishments, where numerous and constant bathsare required, the simplest and most effective means of obtaining hot water for their
Upply consists in drawing it directly into the baths from a large boiler, placed some-
tore above their level. This boiler should be supplied with proper feeding-pipesud gauges; and, above all things, its dimensions should be ample; it should be ofought iron or copper, except where sea water is used, in which case the latter metalan s - 011 Y‘ t ' mes objectionable. ‘The hot water should enter the bath by a pipe at leastso m< T and a half in diameter; and the cold water by one of the same dimension, or
of tl» W l ‘ ar?er ’ so tbat * >at 'r may not be long in filling. The relative proportions
should h and ccdd water are, °f course, to be adjusted by a thermometer, and eveiy bathand s' « haVe a lwo 'uch waste-pipe, opening about two inches from the top of the bath,
in th* 1 h ^' e excess water freely to run off; so that when a person is immersed
danewf- e ’’ or wben the supplies of water are accidentally left open, there may be noWh °* an overdo 'v.
for er^f ' , ^ lere * s a Sundry in the upper story of the house, or other convenient placeconvenip *tf* % cn PP e F and i ts appurtenances, a plan similar to the above may often bero °m fioc> a f°P te ^ * a Private houses, for the supply of a bath upon the principal bed-
in"-room *" "^ n atte F npt * s sometimes made to place boilers behind the fires of dress-
Wa rm w S ’t ° r to erect them in the room itself, for the purpose of supplying
by which th ’ bUt t*^ S ^ an ' s a i' va y s objectionable, from the complexity of the meansthe flu e - v" 6 sa PPiy °f water is furnished to the boiler, and often dangerous fromcases to ecomia ? choaked with soot, and taking fire. Steam is also apt, in suchother'm P i^ S j a ^ e c m fiuontitics into the room ; so that it becomes necessary to search fordescribe a ° aS ™ heating the bath ; one or two of the least objectionable of which I shall
the bat), j 0n I r * vance of some ingenuity consists in suffering the water for the supply ofter > whi c j° . v f rom a cistern above it, through a leaden pipe of about one inch diame-for the S |L ls , con ducted into the kitchen or other convenient place, where a large boilerw hich it m b r y °f hot .water is required. The bath-pipe is immersed in this boiler, inU Uon . is sitnrf ma “ y convolutions, and, again emerging, ascends to the bath. The ope-e Pipe whicif • . :_ 'the cold water passing through the convolutions of that part of
wh"* 1 ? 8 ® fcquire 1^ lmm ? rsed ,* n the boiling water, receives there sufficient heat for thelead ** also sun v 11 ? ’ s . clelivored in that state by the ascending pipe into the bath,the u, aS *" ar as the | w ‘F b ccdd wa t er aa d waste-pipes as usual. The pipe may be ofter wq?’ or convnW^ 611 ^. 11 ^ and asce mliug parts are concerned, but the portion formingTh; ” ln h mav . ons immersed in the boiler, should be copper, in order that the wa-l0 wer n ‘ )lan > 8 eco ■ heat without impediment.
the merp 1 * 1 tlle hou« m ! Ca V° n * y - where a ' large boiler is constantly kept at work in thefurred Pur P°se of th^ k 0 , erw ise, the trouble and expense of heating such a boiler, forit is imm* ) ° a cutsidn ?th, render it unavailable. The worm-pipe is also apt to becomethe nine y sed ’ then he y ^ deposition of the earthy impurities of the water in whichtidier e- S reade red inefro°.™ eS a bad conductor of heat, is cleansed with difficulty, and
2. A mueh With ™ S system ’ however > has been ad «pted, ia some P”’
nelr’ - a ^ re Pl a ced e c°ncmical, and independent mode of heating a warmperfectly in private houses a dlstaace from it, is the following, which is found to answer5 s well as upon a more extended scale in large establish-