140
BLEACHING-.
former being a side-view, to show how the roller gudgeons lie in the slots of the frame,and how the shaft of the upper roller is pressed downward by a weighted lever, througha vertical junction rod, jointed at the bottom to a nearly horizontal bar, on whose endthe proper weight is hung. In fig. 118,‘these rollers of birch-wood are shown in face ;the under one receiving motion through the toothed wheel on its shaft, from any suitablepower of water or steam. Upon the shaft of the latter, between the toothed wheel andthe roller, the lever and pulley for putting the machine into and out of gear are visible.The under roller makes about 25 revolutions in the minute, in which time three piecesof goods, stitched endwise, measuring 28 yards each, may be run through the machine,from a water trough on one side, to a wooden grating upon the other.
When the goods are run through, they are carried off upon a grated wheelbarrow, ina nearly diy state, and transferred to the spreading machine, called at Manchester acandroy. I it many bleach-works, however, the creased pieces are pulled straight by thehands of women, and are then strongly beat against a wooden stock to smooth out theedges. This being done, a number of pieces are stitched endwise together, preparatoryto being mangled.
Calender .— Fig, 120 is a cross section of this machine, and Jigs. 119, 121, are frontviews broken off. The goods are first rolled upon the wooden cylinder a, near the119 120 121
ground; by the tension roller b 9 upon the same cylinder, the goods receive a properdegree of stretching in the winding off. They then pass over the spreading bars c c c 9by which they axe still more distended ; next round the hollow iron cylinder d , 16 inchesdiameter, and the paper cylinder e, of like dimensions; thence they proceed under thesecond massive iron cylinder /, of 8 inches diameter, to be finally wound about the pro-jecting wooden roller g. This is set in motion by the pulleys h,fig. 121, and i,fig. 120,and receives its proper tension from the hanging roller lc; l is a press cylinder, of 14inches diameter, made of plane-tree wood. By its means we can at all times secure anequal degree of pressure, which would be hardly possible did the weighted lever pressimmediately upon two points of the calender rollers. The compression exercised bythe cylinders may be increased at pleasure by the bent lever m, weights being appliedto it at n . The upper branch of the lever o is made fast by screws and bolts at tothe upper press-cylinder. The junction leg q is attached to the intermediate piece r, byleft and right-handed screws, so that according as that piece is turned round to the rightor the left, the pressure of the weighted roller will be either increased or diminished. Byturning it still more, the piece will get detached, the whole pressure will be removed, andthe press-roller may be taken off; which is a main object of this mechanism.
The unequable movement of the cylinders is produced by the wheels s t u, of whichthe undermost has 69, the uppermost has 20, and the carrier-wheel t, either 33,32, or 20teeth, according to the difference of speed required. The carrier-wheel is bolted on at©, and adjusted in its proper place by means of a slot. To the undermost iron cylinder,the first motion is communicated by any power, for which purpose either a rigger(driving pulley) is applied to its shaft at u, or a crank motion. If it be desired to