!7S

CATGUT.

cotton goods, and of late years it has been extensively introduced into the calico printworks of Europe . The salts of copper with sal ammoniac cause it to give a bronzecolor, which is very fast; the proto-muriate of tin, a brownish yellow; the per-chlorideof tin, with the addition of nitrate of copper, a deep bronze hue; acetate of aluminaalone, a reddish brown, and, with nitrate of copper, a reddish olive gray ; nitrate of iron,a dark brown gray. For dyeing a golden coffee brown, it has entirely superseded mad-der ; one pound of it being equivalent to six pounds of this root.

A solution of one part of catechu in ten parts of water, which is reddish brown,exhibits the following results: with—

A brightened shade.

A darkened shade.

Olive brown precipitate.

Olive green do.

Yellowish brown.

A brightening of the liquor.

Olive green precipitate.

Yellowish brown do.

Acids -Alkalis -

Proto-sulphate of ironPer-sulphate of ironSulphate of copper -Alum - - -

Per-nitrate of iron -Nitrate of copperNitrate of leadProto-nitrate of mercuryMuriate of aluminaMuriate of tinPer-chloride of tin -Corrosive sublimateAcetate of alumina -Acetate of copper -Acetate of leadBichromate of potash

Salmon do.

Milk-coffee do.

Brown-yellow.

Do. do.

Do. darker.

Light chocolate do.

Brightening of the liquor.

Copious brown precipitate.

Salmon colored do.

Copious brown do.

Pure tannin may be obtained from catechu, by treating it with sulphuric acid and car-1 bonate of lead; but this process has no manufacturing application.

CATGUT (Corde a boyau, Fr.; Darmsaite, Germ.), the name absurdly enough givento cords made of the twisted intestines of the sheep. The guts being taken while warmout of the body of the animal, are to be cleared of feculent matter, freed from any ad"hering fat, and washed in a tub of water. The small ends of all the intestines arenext to be tied together, and laid on the edge of the tub, while the body of them is leftto steep in some water, frequently changed, during two days, in order to loosen theperitoneal and mucous membranes. The bundle of intestines is then laid upon asloping table which overhangs the tub, and their surface is scraped with the back ot »knife, to try if the external membrane will come away freely in breadths of about haltthe circumference. This substance is called by the French manufacturers filandre, an “the process filer. If we attempt to remove it by beginning at the large end of theiptestine, we shall not succeed. This filandre is employed as thread to sew intestines:and to make the cords of rackets and battledoors. The flayed guts are put again in t0fresh water, and, after steeping a night, are taken out and scraped clean next day, onwooden bench with* the rounded back of a knife. This is called curing the gut. .large ends are now cut off', and sold to the pork-butchers. The intestines are a£ a ' asteeped for a night in fresh water, and the following day in an alkaline lixivium ® a “by adding 4 ounces of potash, and as much pearl-ash, to a pail of water containing abo3 or 4 imperial gallons. This ley is poured in successive quantities upon the intestm'and poured off again, after 2 or 3 hours, till they be purified. They are now dra ^several times through an open brass thimble, and pressed against it with the nail, m . fder to smooth and equalize their surface. They are lastly sorted, according to tnsizes, to suit different purposes. _

Whip-cord is made from the above intestines, which are sewed together endwise by ^filandre, each junction being cut aslant, so as to make it strong and smooth. The c .is put into the frame, and each end is twisted sepafately ; for whip-cord is seldom 1,1 jout of two guts twisted together. When twisted, it is to be sulphured (seeonce or twice. It may also be dyed black with common ink, pink with red ink, ^ sthe sulphurous acid changes to pink, and green with a green dye which the colorsell for the purpose. The guts take the dyes readily. After being well smoothe ,cord is to be dried, and coiled up for sale. j, e ; n g

Halters' cords for bowstrings .—The longest and largest intestines of sheep, a ‘*^ or( ]ing

This

to

properly treated with the potash, are to be twisted 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 together,to the intended size of the cord, which is usually made from 15 to 25 feet king" . ^ [I,cord must be free from seams and knots. When half dry, it must be expose 1 at arl Jthe fumes of burning sulphur; and, after each operation, it is to be well stretcsmoothed : it should be finally dried in a state of tension. , p r om

Clockmalcer’s cord .—This cord should be extremely thin, and be therefore ma