COOLING OF FLUIDS.
319
brram of temperature, but also made to take up an additional quantity of aqueous vapors,which equalizes the new temperature it acquires with its capacity of saturation. Thecooling caused by the evaporation acts in an incessant and progressive manner from thelower aperture of the cylinder to the under side of the colander; and this cooling noton] y ae ts as an agent of the evaporation which the current of air cools, but it refrige-fates also, because it becomes warmed in abstracting caloric from the vapors or liquidsPassing through the worm; and this refrigeration acts also incessantly and progressivelylro * the lower part of the tube or chimney to the colander.
, -fbc patentee states, in conclusion, that “ the velocity or force of the current of airhat passes through the chimney or tube K, can be accelerated by artificial means, eithery conducting the air and vapor passing from the upper aperture of the cylinder into thechimney or flues of a furnace, or by means of a revolving, forcing, or exhausting fan, orventilator, or any other contrivance which will produce an increased current of air, butWhich is not necessary to be particularly described, as I only wish to explain the prin-ciples of a simple apparatus, constructed in any convenient form ; and I wonjd remark,a t the area of the lower aperture through which the air is introduced into the chimney?? tu he k, and also the area of the upper aperture, or that through which it passes toe atmosphere, should he in accordance with the effect intended to be obtained.
“ is further to be remarked, that in order to obtain from this apparatus the bestv liie velocity of the current of air must be itself a maximum ; and as the speed ore ocity of the current of air is owing to and determined by the excess of the tempe-a Ur ? descending water, or rain, and of the coils of the worm to that of the
e fior atmosphere, it ensues that the temperature of the water, or rain, must be aaximum. But this excess of temperature is a maximum only when the source of theatt* 11S at same temperature as the vapors to be condensed: if less warm, it wouldto T 01 * ess a * r ’ or ; if warmer, it would augment the temperature of the vapors intendeda Se t „ cont lensed. Consequently, the shower of water employed in the tube K, as thecond ™ ceding, bestows its maximum of effect when it is as warm as the vapors to bew ate -fd; therefore, I may express this proposition, viz., ‘ That in refrigerating withl east r ’ * ess °f ft ma y be e x P en d e d when it is warm than when it is cold, and that thes Pirit quant fty of water will he evaporated when it is as warm as the aqueous orcc q?,°. Us vapors upon which it is to operate.’
hatur 1118 ^Position may appear strange, nevertheless it is conformable to the laws ofwith o ’ aa< f appears only strange, because until now warm water has not been employed« jj rre nts of air for refrigerating.
temp e an . ce it is necessary to raise the temperature of the water in the colander to theimupert c re of the vapors to be condensed: therefore, I cause the lukewarm water,begj ns ,. lrotn the reservoir e, to circulate in the chamber c. In this circulation it alsoPass th ° a<a as a refrigerating medium, taking up a portion of heat from the vapors thatthe Wav 0 ?®* 1 ' ft 115 P*P e B , an d afterwards it acts as a further condenser in the cylinder, inhavi n „’ described. Finally, the portion of this water that is still in the fluid state, afterCo hducts ■ • ^ own from coil to coil, arrives lukewarm to the inclined surface i, whichreservoir e, from whence it is pumped up into the chamber c } as
« esci 'ibed.
ls or cll imney k may have more or less altitude; the higher it is the greater
the areas ^ P r< J^ uc ed. The force or velocity of the current of air can be governed by°f the siey introduction and exit apertures. If the cylinder rises only to the heighty°uld £3 the effect is much less than when it is prolonged beyond this height. I. e d, prov-y remar b, tha t if the cylinder was removed, a slight effect might be pro*c °ds of the* ■ tbat a current of air be preserved in the cylindrical space limited by thePassage tni»kl 0 v m ’ an< ^ a ' so if Ibe current was produced between the coils ; or a central, “ I hare 5 n* i 6 *' orme( l in an apparatus of another shape than that above described.; ( P r incip] es f s howo the application of the worm, because intending only to explain' ?he small ™ 1S * et h°d of condensing and refrigerating.
Pct'tion passed 0 « aant ftf °f water wasted in this manner of condensation, (that is, thatWinder m , to the atmosphere in the form of vapors, at the upper aperture of thet y apparatus amf re ^ ace( f by a small stream of cold water, which may be brought toWa , cllam ber betw perha P s , most conveniently introduced into the reservoir e, or intoan* 6 of ' v ater is af" tbe P‘P es B and c. When operating upon aqueous vapors, thehat- at<JS * s appiip y a ^’ s ^ ess in weight than that of the vapors liquefied. When thisl bat tv a Vess el m . P ur Poses of distillation, the end of the worm should termi-
r efri» s .approved n 1C ° * S rece ‘ re fbe produce of the condensation. It will be seend ens j etat i°n is requireq C . eS f applicable to various purposes, where condensation oror no jf an, l hefrigerat; i as,:ance , in the boiling or concentration of sugar ; to con-Pfoces’ t0 co °ling’brew!.? , 1stl iled vapors, or steam, or saline liquids, either in vacuumI h» CS ’ ' v ben it Ko s W0 I ts ; and to the refrigeration of other liquors, or any other
inserted the b re ? fl ulre ?'” .
specification of this patent verbatim . M. Derosne has busied