364

COTTON MANUFACTURE.

which rest on these rings; for which purpose the two racks, or toothed bars mi mi,made fast to it, are designed, as will be presently explained. To effect the revolutionof the spindles, there are attached to the main Shaft c' two whorls or pulleys e' f, eachbearing four grooves of equal diameter. Each of these pulleys puts one half of thespindles in motion, by means of a cord, which, after going round the whorls fc, turnsfour times about the pulleys of the shaft c'. Two guide pulleys h', each four-grooved,and two others i', with a single groove, which turn independently of the others, uponthe above shaft, serve to give the whorl cords the proper direction, as well as to keepthem tight. The spindles revolve 200 times or thereby in the minute; and thereforeimpart two turns or twists to every three inches of the roving.

The revolution of the bobbins is independent of that of the spindles, although it like-wise proceeds from the shaft c', and differs from it in being a continually retardedmotion. The simplest method of effecting this motion, is by means of the wooden ortin plate cone fc", which revolves equally with the shaft c', and at the same time slidesalong it.

The manner in which this operates is shown in sectian in fig. 336. Here we per-ceive the rod which extends from the base toward the narrow end of the truncatedcone, and pi a forked bearer or carrier made fast to the shaft c' by a screw, whichcompels the cone, by means of that rod, to obey the movements of c'. In the large end

ol the cone there is an aperture, through which the bearer can be got at. The smallerend carries outside a projection oi, provided with a groove, which is embraced by theforked end of a rod q’,fig. 337, that serves to shove the cone along upon the shaft c'-Directly under the cone, there is an npright round pillar p', upon which the holder o’of the two guide pulleys l' is adjustable. A bar r! placed along-side of the holder,prevents its turning round, but allows it to slide along p' by friction. The weight of theholder and the pulley is sufficient to distend the endless band which runs from thecone fc', through under the pulley l', and round the small drum m' on the shaft si. Apulley or whorl H, with four grooves, is made fast by means of a tube to this shaft, andalides along it backwards and forwards, without ever ceasing to follow its revolutions.The shaft possesses for this purpose a long fork, and the interior of the tube a corre-sponding tongue or catch. There is besides upon the tube beneath the pulley, at «*> 8groove that goes round it, in which the staple or forked end of an arm like vi, fig■ 333 ’made fast to the copping beam p, catches. By the up and down movement of thatbeam, the pulley 1 2 takes along with it the arm that embraces the tube, which therefor erises, and falis equally with the bobbins h', and their pulleys or whorls < 7 . This i srequisite, since the bobbins are made to revolve by the pulleys 1 1 , by means of two endlesscords or bands.

The tuO'-t intricate part of the mechanism is the adjustment, by which the revolutionof the bobbins is continually retarded, and their up anil down, or copping motion, alon,the spindles, is also retarded in like proportion. The vertical pulley /' (towardsleft end of tie shaft c) has at its right side a somewhat larger disc or sheave g>with a perfect y uniform, but not a very smooth surface. Upon this sheave, a smaUehorizontal pul ey x rubs, whose upper face is covered with leather to increase the friction-The under end of the shaft yi of the pulley x‘ turns in a step, which is so connected wthe arm 1 / of the large bent lever f that it always stands horizontally, wha ' c n „direction the arms of that lever may assume. The shaft yi is steadied at top by