CRAYONS.

379

finished off with a coat of a solution of 4 ounces of Chian turpentine in 6 ounces oftincture of benzoin, to prevent its cracking.*

CRAPE. (Crepe , Fr.; Krepp, Germ.) A transparent textile fabric, somewhat■ike gauze, made of raw silk, gummed and twisted at the mill. It is woven with anycrossing or tweel. When dyed black, it is much worn by ladies as a mourning dress.Crapes are crisped ( crepes ) or smooth ; the former being double, are used in closemourning, the latter in less deep. White crape is appropriate to young unmarriedfemales, and to virgins on taking the veil in nunneries. The silk destined for thenrst is spun harder than for the second ; since the degree of twist, particularly of the' var P, determines the degree of crisping which it assumes after being taken fro.r the\.” or n. It is for this purpose steeped in clear water, and rubbed with prepared wax.Crapes are all woven and dyed with the silk in the raw state. They are finished witha stiffening of gum water.

Crape is a Bolognese invention, but has been long manufactured with superiorexcellence at Lyons in France, and Norwich in England. There is now a magnificentab ric°f it at Yarmouth, by power-loom machinery.

s'ij* 1 ere is another kind of stuff, called crepon, made either of fine wool, or of wool andfik, of which the warp is twisted much harder than the weft. The crepons of Naples°r?T?t altogether of silk.

f • ■r^^ONS. (Eng. and Fr.; Pastelstifle, Germ.) Slender, soft, and somewhat

eh i 6 cylinders, variously colored for delineating figures upon paper, usually called«alk drawings. Red, green, brown, and other colored crayons, are made with fineP‘Pe or china clay paste, intimately mixed with earthy or metallic pigments, or ingeneral

with body or surface colors, then moulded and dried. The brothers Joel, in0 l? ris ; employ as crayon cement the following composition: 6 parts of shellac, 4 partsIjj s Pirit of wine, 2 parts of turpentine, 12 parts of a coloring powder, such as Prussian-e j e, . or Piment, white lead, vermilion, &c., and 12 parts of blue clay. The clay beingrat' r * al< ri’ passed through a hair sieve, and dried, is to be well incorporated by tritu-pi» 10n "'fik the solution of the shellac in the spirit of wine, the turpentine, and thedes' 06 ? 1 ’ an£ l the doughy mass is to be pressed in proper moulds, so as to acquire theV re “ shape. They are then dried by a stove heat.

in ,.°rder to make cylindrical crayons, a copper cylinder is employed, about 2 inchesf 0r ‘ameter, and 1| inches long

i ttt ad plate, containing holes corresponding to the sizes of the crayons. The paste isbiov i ' cei * into the open end, and forced through the holes of the bottom by a pistonpf 0 a by a strong press. The vermicular pieces that pass through are cut to thefiben r en2 hh s > and dried. As the quality of the crayons depends entirely upon thethe b 6SS P a ste> mechanical means must be resorted to for effecting this object in

iagl est manner. The following machine has been found to answer the purpose exceed

ng, open at one end, and closed at the other with a per-

* Paris’s Pharmacologpa.