12SS

WATER-PROOF CLOTH.

come together like pincers or a pair of tongs, leaving a certain small definite sp a °® thetwixt them. These plates are first slightly heated, greased with butter, filled j r0 npap, closed, and then exposed for a short time to the heat of a charcoal fire. ^jitle,plates being allowed to cool, on opening them, the thin cake appears dry, solid, ^ eS ,and about as^hick as a playing-card. By means of annular punches of difleren a swith sharp edges, the cake is cut into wafers. 2. The transparent wafers are ®follows:— ' ^he"

Dissolve fine glue, or ising-glass, in such a quantity of water, that thecold, may be consistent. Let it be poured hot upon a plate of mirror glass, (Pi;®. e dgeswarmed with steam, and slightly greased,) which is fitted in a metallic frame, ea^d.just as high as the wafers should be thick. A second plate of glass, heated and ^„ e s ofis laid on the surface, so as to touch every point of the gelatine, resting on the ^yj,enthe frame. By this pressure, the thin cake of gelatine is made perfectly unifor D1 ' enloV ed.the two plates of glass get cold, the gelatine becomes solid, and may easilyIt is then cut with proper- punches into discs of different sizes.

The coloring-matters ought not to be of an insalubrious kind. _ | lVl t tb 1 *

For red wafers, carmine is well adapted, when they are not to be transparent jj ra zdcolor is dear, and can be used only for the finer kinds. Instead of it, a decoctionwood, brightened with a little alum, may be employed. 0 cti° n 0

For yellow, an infusion of saffron or turmeric has been prescribed; but a d eweld, fustic, or Persian berries, might be used. aI) d tin*

Sulphate of indigo, partially saturated with potash, is used for the blue ‘

mixed with yellow, for the greens. Some recommend the sulphate to be nearly n foiwith chalk, and to treat the liquor with alcohol, in order to obtain the best bwafers. te gin"> nS

Common wafers are, nowever, colored with the substances mentioned at the ^ t ur-of the article; and for the cheaper kinds, red lead is used instead of vernal 10 >meric instead of gamboge. r .j by ta

WALNUT HUSKS, 'or PEELS (Brant des noix, Fr.), are much empl°) c

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French dyers fbr rooting or giving dun colors. lnnEi | -”'i st

WARP ( Chaine , Fr.; Kelie, Anschweif, Zettel, Germ.), is the name of the gt r jghthreads or yarns, whether of cotton, linen, silk, or wool, which being decussa ^ parah^angles by the woof or weft threads, form a piece of cloth. The warp y arns nt ;on **

and continuous from end to end of the web. See Weaving , for a descrq «

warping-mill.

WASH, is the fermented wort of the distiller.

WASHING . See Bleaching, and Scouring. ,, h „ n d ol ^ e

WATERING OF STUFFS ( Moirage , Fr.), is a process to which SIla dula tedtextile fabrics are subjected, for causing them to exhibit a variety “

flections, and plays of light. It is produced by sprinkling water uponthen passing them through a calender, either with cold or hot rollers, P lainindented. _

WATER-PROOF CLOTH. See Caoutchouc , and Gelatine . renderi n fi. te 0 cA patent was obtained, in August, 1830, by Mr. Thomas Hancock , i° r ca outc° a stile fabrics impervious to water and air, by spreading the liquid juice ol jt d

tree upon the surfaces of the goods, and then exposing them to the airnot appear that this project has been realized in our manufactures. render 0 f

Mr. William Simpson Potter proposes, in his patent of April, 1835, 0 m caaS jtwater-proof by imbuing them with a solution of ising-glass, alum, and s0 *’ er jt js j„a brush applied to the wrong side of the cloth, distended upon a table. ^ dipP e ( jmust be brushed on the wrong side, against the grain. Then the brush >^ ove apP 1 '®^)clean water, and passed lightly over the cloth. The gloss caused by the re d is sacan be taken off'by brushing the goods when they are dry. Cloth so p ibe impervious, to water, but not to air. j which h 18 ; a s

I have examined woollen cloth now on sale in a shop m ‘ 1 ’® r 0 „ its s«« a ® J aS sbreathed through with the greatest facility, but which retains water P ^ a s ho^ ®ts evinced by a body of water standing upon a concave piece of it tie . fl

in the window. nhtained & P a ,Y e r * n

Mr. Sievier’s plan of rendering cloth water-proof, for which he 0 f India rU n inti° nDecember, 1835, ednsists in spreading over it, with a brush, a solu 10 ^ g^jjar sspirits of turpentine, at one or more applications, ana then 2Votier . i*

mixed with acetate of lead, litharge, sulphate of zinc, gum mas,ic ’, n<r »hs, and s ^-„e llierial. He next takes wool, or other textile material, cut into proper i ? g oj - form 1 * t peupon the surface of the labric varnished in this manner, for the P-P- SQ aS to -nap or pile. He then presses the cloth by means of rollers, ornap firmly to its surface.

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