OILS.
201
most productive of oil are those of colza (a species of cabbage, brassica arvensis), rape,mustard, sesamum, poppy, linseed, hemp, and beechmast. Nuts afford an oil that is muchesteemed for certain purposes, and may be easily obtained by pressure. The followingtable indicates the quantities of oil which can be extracted from different fruits, andsome other substances:—
100 Parts of each
Oil per Cent.
100 Parts of each.
Oil per Cent.
Walnuts -
40 to 70
Wild mustard seed -
30
Castor-oil seeds
62
Camelina-seed
28
Hazel-nuts -
60
Weld-seed -
29 to 36
Garden cress seed -
56 to 58
Gourd-seed -
25
Sweet almonds
40 to 54
Lemon-seed -
25
Bitter almonds
28 to 46
Onocardium acanthe, or
Poppy-seeds - - -
56 to 63
bear’s foot - - -
25
Oily radish seed
50
Hemp-seed - - -
14 to 25
Sesamum (jugoline)
50
Linseed - - - -
11 to 22
Lime-tree seeds
48
Black mustard seed .
15
Cabbage-seed . -
30 to 39
Beechmast ...
15 to 17
White mustard r-
36 to 38
Sunflower-seeds
15
Rape, colewort, and Swe-
Stramonium, or thorn-
dish turnip seeds -
33-5
apple-seeds
15
Plum kernels - - -
33-3
Grape-stones -
14 to 22
Colza-seed - - -
36 to 40
Horse chestnuts
1-2 to 8
Rape-seed -
30 to 36
St. Julian plum
18
Euphorbium (spurge seed)
30
To obtain the above proportions of oil, the fruits must be all of good quality, deprivedof their pods, coats, or involmcra, and of all the parts destitute of oil, which also must beextracted in the best manner.
The following table is given by M. Dumas, as exhibiting the practical results of theFrench seed oil manufacturers:—
Weight per Hectolitre.
Produce in Litres.
Summer colza
54 to 65 kilogs.
21 to 25
Winter colza
56 to 70 —
25 to 28
Rape-seed
55 to 68 —
23 to 26
Camelina-seed - - -
53 to 60 —
20 to 24
Poppy-seed -
54 to 62 —
22 to 25
Madia Sativa - - -
40 to 50 —
12 to 15
Beechmast ...
42 to 50 —
12 to 15
Hemp-seed -
42 to 50 —
12 to 15
Linseed -
By sample, 67.
10 to 12
Stripped walnuts - - -
From 100 kilogs.
46 to 50
Sweet almonds - - -
— 100 —
44 to 48
Olives - - -
— 100 —!
10 to 12
Colza , rape-seed, and cameline oils are employed for lamps; poppy, madia sativa , areemployed, when recent, as articles of food—or for soaps and paintings; hemp-seed andlinseed for painting, soft soaps, and for printers’ ink; walnut oil, for fodd, painting, andlamps; olive oil, for food, soaps, lamps.
In extracting oil from seeds, two processes are required—1st, trituration ; 2d, expres-i ion ; and the steps are as follows :— ...
1 • Bruising under revolving heavy-edge millstones, in a circular bed, or trough of iron,bedded on granite.
2. Heating of the bruised seeds, by the heat either of a naked fire or of steam.
3. First pressure or crushing of the seeds, either by wedges, screw, or hydraulic presses.
4. Second crushing of the seed cakes of the first pressure.
5. Heating the bruised cakes; and 6. A final crushing.
The seeds are now very generally crushed, first of all between two iron cylindersr evolving in opposite directions, and fed in from a hopper above them; after which they1’ield more completely to the triturating action of the edge stones, which are usuallyhooped round with a massive iron ring. A pair of edge millstones of about 7 or 7|■eet in diameter, and 25 or 26 inches thick, weighing from i to 8 tons, can crush, in12 hours, from 2J to 3 tons of seeds. The edge-millstones serve not merely to grind