206

PAPER.

enclosed space j, into which steam or hot water is introduced for maintaining the tem-perature of the size.— Newton’s Journal, xxiii. 20.

109

Messrs. Charles Cowan and Adam Ramage, paper-makers, patented, in 1840, it®'proved rag machinery; in which a cylindrical sieve or strainer of wire-cloth, of ®peculiar construction, is substituted for the ordinary' strainers, by which the dirty tfateris separated from the pulp. They do not claim the cylindric form or sieve, but “ d* cadding or applying, and combining within the interior of such drum, scoops, p fbuckets, for the purpose of elevating the water, which has entered into it through ltswire circumference, so that the water when elevated may be able to run by its ow®gravity out of the hollow around the central axis of the drum into any suitable shooor trough, and escape at a level above the surface of the water and rags or mater®contained in the paper-machine.” .

Thomas Barrett claims, in his patent of 1841, “ a mode of drying paper by apply 1 ®’streams of air to its two surfaces, as it passes over the steam cylinders, whether in tOj.state of engine size or water leaf, or after sizing; as also, the application of currents oair to the surfaces of paper, after sizing, in order to cool the size; as the paper is P aS "ing to the drying cylinders.”

The improvements in paper-making, for which T. W. Wrigley, of BridgeMills, Bury, obtained a patent In 1842, relate to the rag engine, figs. 110, 111]

H ® 11

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