CONTENTS.

SECTION HI.

THE STATE OF SCIENCE DURING THE AGE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRETO THE PERIOD OF ITS DISSOLUTION.

Page

Physical Science among the Romans - - - 62

The second School of Alexandria - - - . fio

Ptolemy and his System - - - - 60

Optics - . 73

Progress of Mathematics - - - *75

Pappus ; Decline of Ancient Science • - 75

General Remarks on the Progress and Character of AncientScience - - - - SO

PART II.

TKE PROGRESS OF MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE FROMTHE MIDDLE AGES TO THE TIME OF NEWTON.

SECTION I.

THE SCIENCE OF THE MIDDLE AGES, AND ITS FIRST RENOVATION, TO THE

END OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.

Science in the East during the Middle Ages - - 94

Science in Europe in the Middle Ages . - - 101

Establishment of Universities . 105

Roger Bacon - - . - - 109

Revival of Algebra, Physics, Astronomy , and Geometry - - 112

SECTION II.

SCIENCE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY — THE FIRST GREAT MODERNIMPROVEMENTS— THE DISCOVERIES OF COPERNICUS ANDTYCHO BRAHE .

Progress of Algebra - . 121

Progress of Optics, Mechanics, &c. - - - 127

Copernicus ..... 13?

Tycho Brahe - - .... 138

Reformation of the Calendar - 142

»

SECTION III.

THE DISCOVERIES OF KEPLER AND GALILEO .

Kepler . - - - - 144

Galileo - - - - » 158

Reception of the New Discoveries by the Church - - 182

SECTION IV.

THE CONTEMPORARIES AND SUCCESSORS OF GALILEO — THE BACONIANPHILOSOPHY, AND THE PRECURSORS OF NEWTON.

Improvements in Mathematics . - - 188

Napier; Logarithms . - *■ - 190