6
HISTORICAL TABLE OF THE MATERIA MEDICA.
978 to 1036
9801179?Died 1198')or 1199 V1206)12th or 13th 1Century >1085)Died 1248
1055
1628
1669
1769
Died 180711001110
1150
1180
1259
1193—1282
1260
1214—1284
1240—1313
1235—1315
1295
Died 13201343
Born 1394
1418
1491
14921497150S
1493—1541
1530
1532
1542
Ebnsina or Avicenna , “ The Prince of Physicians.” ( Canon medicines). For five centurieshis work was regarded as an infallible guide. Mentions croton tiglimn, camphor, nuxvomica, mace, nutmegs, &c.
Haly Abbas . (Almalek or the Royal book).
Albucasis or Alsaharavius. Mentions the preparation of rosewater.
Abn Bitar or Ibn-Beitar. His works have not been printed, but they are constantly quotedby Persian authors on Materia Medica. (Royle, Essay , p. 28). He has a most extensiveinfluence in the East.
Consult,— Amoreux (P. J.), “ Essai Hlstorique et Litter, sur la Medec des Arabes.” Montp. 1805. 8vo.Reiske (J. J.), “Opusc. Med. ex Monum. Arabum et Ebreerorum.” Hal* 1776. 8vo.
Oriental (Arabian , Persian, and Hindoo) Works on Pharmacology, which have beentranslated.
Abu Mansur Movafik. IAberfundam. Pharmacol, Lat. Trans, by R. Seligmann. Vindob.130—33.
Pharmacopcea Persica, ex idiomate Persico in Latinum conversa. Paris, 1681.
Shirazy (Nouraddeen Mohammed Abdullah;. Ulfdz Udwiyeh or the Mat. Med. in the Arab .
Pers. and Hindevy lany. Eng . transl. by F. Gladwin. Calc. 1793.
Meer Mohummuu Moomin. Toohft al Moomineen.
Mukhzun al Udwick or Storehouse of Medicines. Hoogly. 1824. 2 vol. small fol.
Taleef Shereef or Indian Materia Medica. 8vo. Calc. Eng . Trans, by G. Playfair, 1833.
£3* Consult,—A inslie (W.) “ Mat. Ind.” 1826. A copious list of Oriental works in vol. 2 . p. 491. et scq.
EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS ON MEDICINE.
(Dark Ages).
Medicine practised by Monks . Magic and astrology employed in medicine. The period ofsuperstition and alchemy. The grossest impositions practised.
The Neapolitan schools of Monte-Cassino and Salerno founded by Benedictine Monks .
Constantine the African . Wrote on diet, and simple and eye medicines.
John of Milan, Author of Medicina Salernitana.
Nicholas, surnamed Propositus. Disspensatorium ad aromatarios; the first European phar-macopoeia.
Matthew Platerius. 1169 jEgidius of Corbeil.
Hildegard, Abbess of Bingen. Born 1098. Wrote on medicines. Mentions Christiana(supposed to be Helleborus niger).
Gilbert, an Englishman. Prepared acetate of ammonia and oil of tartar per deliquium.Extinguished mercury by saliva.
Albertus magnus An alchemist. Mentions zinc.
John ok St. Amand. Commented on the work of Nicholas.
Roger Bacon . The most philosophical of the alchemists.
Arnold of Villa Nova. Wrote a commentary on the Medicina Salernitana. Preparedthe oils of turpentine and rosemary.
Raymond Lully . Prepared the oil of rosemary, acetate of lead, ammonio-chloride of mer-cury, nitric oxide of mercury, and spirit of wine.
Simon de Cordo. 1317. Matthew Sylvaticus. 1320. (death) Peter de Apono. 1328Francis of Piedmont. 1343. Dondis, father and son.
Platerius (John). Antidotarium Nicolai cum expositions.
St. Ardouin. Red oxide of mercury.
Basil Valentine . Prepared chemical medicines. Introduced antimonials (currus trium-phalis antimonii). Was acquainted with the double chloride of iron and ammonia, andthe acetates of lead.
Valescus de Tarenta.
Ortus sanitatis (first botanical figures).
Columbus discovers America . Tobacco and its use for smoking first known.
Mercury employed externally in syphilis.
Guaiacuin introduced into Europe by the Spaniards.
Paracelsus . A vain, ignorant, arrogant, drunken quack, fanatic, and impostor. He burntpublicly the works of Galen and Avicenna , declaring that his shoe-strings possessed moreknowledge than those two celebrated physicians, and asserted that he possessed the elixirof life! He was aeabalist, astrologer, and believer in the doctrine of signatures. He con-ferred several important benefits on medicine : he overturned Galenistn, introducedchemical medicines (employed mercury in syphilis), and substituted tinctures, essences,and extracts, for various disgusting preparations.
Sarsaparilla first appeared in Europe .
Early botanists in w hose works several medicinal plants are distinctly referred to, in someeases for the first time. 1530. Brunfelsius; Cardaminepratensis; Scrophularia nodosa.1532. Tragus ; Foxglove ( Campanula sylvestns ) ; Belladonna ( Solanum hortense nigrum),Dulcamara. 1542. Fuchsius ; Stramonium; Digitalis .