105
application of a gentle heat, the gas is copiously evolved, and may becollected over either warm or cold water.
In this process two equivalents, or 80 parts of sulphuric acid, react onone equivalent or 44 parts of the binoxide, and on one equivalent or 60parts of chloride of sodium, and yield one equivalent or 36 parts ofchlorine, one equivalent or 76 parts of the sulphate of the protoxide ofmanganese, and one equivalent or 72 parts of the sulphate of soda.
ieq.Soda32
1 eq. Sulphate Soda . . 721 eq.Protosuiph le . Mang.76
2. By heating a mixture of equal weights of common hydrochloric acidand binoxide of manganese in a glass retort oxer a lamp.
In this process two equivalents or 74 parts of hydrochloric acid reacton one equivalent or 44 parts of the binoxide, and yield one equivalent or36 parts of chlorine, one equivalent or 9 parts of water, and one equiva-lent or 64 parts of protochloride of manganese.
INGREDIENTS USED. PRODUCTS.
r 1 eq. Chlorine 36- 1 eq. Chlorine .... 36
2 eq. Hydrochl. Acid 74 5 1 eq. Chlorine 36'-^^^
C 2 eq. Hydrog. 2"
, A , .. S2eq. Oxygen 16-—2 eq. Water . . . . .* 18
1 eq. Binox. Mang. 44 ^ ec ^ Mangan. 28_ 1 eq. Protochlo.Mang. 64
3. By the action of hydrochloric acid on chloride of lime. —This methodmay be resorted to when binoxide of manganese cannot he procured.The products of the reaction of the ingredients are, chlorine, water, andchloride of calcium.
Properties. - Chlorine, at ordinary temperatures and pressures, is agaseous substance, having a yellowish green colour, a pungent, suffocat-ing odour, and an astringent taste. 100 cubic inches weigh between 76and 77 grains. Its sp. gr. is, according to Dr. Thomson, 2 5. Itsequivalent by weight is 36, by volume 1 ;—hydrogen being unity.
It is not combustible, but is a supporter of combustion.Phosphorus and powdered antimony take fire spontane-ously when introduced into it,—a taper bums in it withthe evolution of a red light and much smoke. Whenwater is present it destroys vegetable colours, organic odours, and infec-tious matters.
By a pressure of 4 atmospheres at the temperature of 60° F., chlo-rine is a yellow liquid, having asp. gr. of 133 (water being l - ).
Characteristics.— The colour, odour, and bleaching property of chlo-rine readily distinguish it from other gases. It forms a white curdy pre-cipitate (chloride of silver) with the nitrate of silver: this precipitateblackens by exposure to light, from the escape of a little chlorine and theformation of a sub-chloride of silver (Wetzlar , in Landgrebe’s Versuchuber das Licht. p. 53,1834); is insoluble in nitric acid, readily dissolvesin liquid ammonia, and when heated in a glass tube fuses, and on coolingconcretes into a gray, semi-transparent mass (horn silver or hma cornea).An aqueous solution of chlorine dissolves leaf gold. The chlorides reacton the solution of nitrate of silver as free chlorine. They evolve hydro-