123
liquor of sea-water, from which the chloride of sodium has been sepa-rated by crystallization). A current of chlorine gas is passed throughthis liquid in order to decompose the bromide of magnesium, and therebyto form chloride of magnesium and set free the bromine, as shown by thisdiagram
INGREDIENTS USED. PRODUCTS.
1 eq. Bromide Magne-7 1 eq. Bromine 78-1 eq. Bromine .... 78
sium 90) I eq. Magn'”. Vi -__
1 eq. Chlorine 36 -- — -1 eq.Chloride Magn m . 48
The liquid through which the bromine is diffused is then to be stronglyagitated with ether, by which an etherial solution of this substance isobtained, which floats on the water. To the decanted etherial solutionadd caustic potash : six equivalents, or 468 parts of bromine, react on sixequivalents or 288 parts of potash, and produce five equivalents or 600parts of bromide of potassium, and one equivalent or 168 parts of bro-mate of potash, as show n by the following diagram :—
INGREDIENTS USED. PRODUCTS.
5 eq. Bromine. 390-_ __— 5eq.Brom' u .Pof". 590
1 eq. Bromine. 78 \ __—--~
„ D * u om S 5 eq. Pot™.200—^
5 eq. Potash -240^ 5eq Qx 4 „-1 eq. Bromic add 1 lS-^_
1 eq. Potash .48 ---—^==^1 eq.Brom te .Pot ,l .166
In order to convert the bromate of potash into bromide of potassiumthe mass is exposed to a dull red heat, by w hich six equivalents or 48parts of oxygen are evolved. The bromide of potassium is then dis-tilled with sulphuric acid and binoxide of manganese, and the disen-gaged bromine condensed in water. One equivalent or 118 parts of thebromide react on one equivalent or 44 parts of the binoxide of manga-nese, and on two equivalents or 80 parts of sulphuric acid ; and by thisreaction one equivalent or 78 parts of bromine, one equivalent or 88parts of sulphate of potash, and one equivalent or 76 parts of the sul-phate of the protoxide of manganese, are produced.
INGREDIENTS USED.
Xeq.Brom- Pot™. 118$}
f 1 eq. Oxyg.
78-
40)
1 eq. Binox.Mang..1 Sulphuric Acid1 Sulphuric Acid
44
40-
| 1 eq. Potash 48 „l 1 eq. Protox.Mang. 36_
40-
products.
1 eq. Bromine. ... 78
1 eq. Sulph. Potash . 88leq.Protosu te .Mang. 76
Properties. —At ordinary temperatures bromine is a dark-colouredvery volatile liquid, which, seen by reflected light, appears blackish red;but viewed in thin layers, by transmitted light, is hyacinth red. Its odouris strong and unpleasant, its taste acrid. Its sp. gr. is about 3; waterbeing 1. When exposed to a cold of —4° F. it is a yellowish brown,brittle crystalline solid. At ordinary temperatures liquid bromineevolves ruddy vapours, so that a few drops put into a small vessel imme-diately fills it with the vapour of bromine. At 116| F. bromine boils.The vapour is not combustible : a lighted taper plunged into it is imme-diately extinguished, but before the flame goes out it becomes red at theupper and green at the lower part. Antimony or arsenicum take tirewhen dropped into liquid bromine: when potassium or phosphorus isdropped in, a violent explosion takes place. Bromine is a nonconductorof electricity : it is a bleaching agent: it dissolves very slightly only in