LONG-EAKED BABLEY.

587

Botany. Gen. Char. — Spikelets three together, the lateral onesUsually withered, two flowered, with an upper flower reduced to a sub-ulate rudiment. Glumes two, lanceolate-linear, with subulate awns,flattish, unequal sided, at right angles [ contraries ] with the paleae almostUnilateral, turned inwards [antica;\, herbaceous, rigid. Palece two, her-baceous ; the inferior one (turned inwards), concave, ending in an awn ;*be superior one (turned outward) contiguous to the rachis, bicarinate.Stamina three. Ovarium hairy at the apex. Stigmata two, sessile,s °mewhat terminal, feathery. Scales two, entire or augmented by alateral lobe, usually hairy or ciliated. Caryopsis hairy at the point,°hlong, with a longitudinal furrow internally, adherent to the pale®,r arely free (Kunth).

Sp. Char. —The lateral florets male, awnless: the hermaphrodite onesuistichous, close-pressed to the stem, awned {Kunth).

^ U.iB .— A native of Tartary, cultivated in this country along withjuree other species; viz. H. vulgare (spring barley), H. hexastichonwinter barley), and H. Zeocitron {sprat or battledore).

Fig. 90.

a. H. vulgare . c. H. disticlion.

b. H. hexastichon. d. H. Zeocitron.

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Description. —The grains {semina hordei cruda) are too well known

need description. Deprived of their husk by a mill, they form Scotch,e d, or pot barley {hordeum mundatum). When all the integuments

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the grains are removed, and the seeds are rounded and polished, they°ustitute pearl barley (hordeum perlatum; semina [ hordei\ integumentisdata, L.; semina decorticata, E. D.) The farina obtained by grindingbarley to powder is called patent barley.

Composition. —According to Einhof (Gmelin’s Handb. ii. 1344), 100-jlp* °f ripe barley corns consist of husk 18 - 75, meal 704)5, water 1T20./ ne same chemist obtained from 100 parts of barley meal , fibrous matter0Uip° se d of gluten, starch, and woody fibre) 7••20, starch 67T8, gumuncrystallizable sugar 5'21, gluten 3 52, albumen 1T5, superphos-yUte of lime with albumen 0'24, water 9'37, loss T42. Fourcroy andf f a Uquelin detected an odorous acrid oil, to which the odour of spiritr aw grain is to be ascribed: it resides in the integuments of thet0 *s- The hordein of Proust is said, by ltaspail ( Chim. Org. ii. 112),

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e nothing but bran more minutely divided than that which remainssieve. The grains of barley starch have the same form and