706

ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDIC-A.

[b.) Bordeaux Turpentine is obtained by making incisions in the P«» !/Pinaster, Lambert, [P. maritima, Decand.) and collecting the turpentinein hollows at the foot of the tree. Every month these hollows aremptied, and the oleo-resin conveyed in pails to a reservoir. In thisstate it is called soft gum ( gomme molle). It is purified either by heatWoit in large boilers, and filtering through straw, ( terebenthine galipot ); 0by exposing it in a barrel, the bottom of which is perforated by liole s >to the sun; the liquid which drains through is called terebenthine asoldi. The last method yields the best product, since less volatile °*is dissipated by it. (Guibourt, Hist, des Drog. t. ii. p. 578 ; Duhaffl® ’Traite des Arbres, t. ii. p. 147). The turpentine which flows during t |’ t ’winter is called galipot in Provence , barras in Guienne. It is in 111form of semi-opaque, solid, dry crusts of a yellowish-white colour, a terebinthinate odour, and a bitter taste (Guibourt, op. cit.)

Bordeaux turpentine is whitish, thickish, and turbid. It has a dis a 'greeable odour, and an acrid, bitter, nauseous taste. On standing 1separates into two parts : one thinner, yellow, and almost transparen ^another thicker, whitish, and of the consistence of thick honey, havinggranular consistence. Bordeaux turpentine readily becomes hard a ” __dry by exposure to the air. It enjoys, with balsam of copaiva, the P r °jperty of solidifying with magnesia, and in this respect is distinguishfrom Strasburgh turpentine. ,

Common turpentine has been analyzed by MM. Moringlane, Duponch ’and Bonastre, {Journ. dePharm. t. viii. p. 329), and by Unverdorben O jzelius, Traite de Chim. and Gmelin, Hand. d. Chem.) The last-meution cchemist found it to consist of two Volatile Oils [oil of turpentine ), .

acid, a little Sylvie acid, a trace of an Indifferent Resin not soluble 1oil of petroleum, and a small quantity of Bitter Extractive. The Q uatity of volatile oil varies from 5 to 25 per cent, of the weight of the upentine. . a

2. Larch or Venice Turpentine [Terebinth,ina veneta, E. D. Terebinth 1 ^laricea). —Obtained from Larix europcea, Dec. by boring the trunks^the trees, and adapting to each hole a wooden gutter, which conveysjuice into a tub or trough, from which it is afterwards withdrawn l 01tration (Duhamel, Traite des Arbres, tom. i. p. 335). ltl

Through the kindness of Professor Guibourt I have receivedauthentic sample of larch turpentine. It was collected in the ' v0 ° t t ] 1 cthe Bishop of Maurienne in Savoy, by order of the bishop, and at .urgent solicitation of M. Bonjean, Pharmacien, naturalist of ChangeThe same kind of turpentine, collected in Switzerland [Swiss turpe n 1 ^Guib. MSS.) is sold in Paris as Strasburgh turpentine [Terebenth e ..Strasbourg , Guib. Hist, des Drog. t. ii. p. 577, 3 me eel.), and was f° rlU _- t jicalled Venice turpentine. It is a thick and consistent fluid, flowing '' adifficulty, is sometimes transparent, but more frequently cloudy> 11 ^yellow or greenish-yellow tint, an odour which is peculiar, notagreeable, weaker than that of either Strasburgh or common turp el1 pbut less disagreeable than the latter, and an acrid, very bitter taste- (0has little or no tendency to concrete by keeping—a property k n .°j' itPliny [Hist. Nat. lib. xvi. cap. 19, ed. Yalp.), and which distingo 181from common turpentine. on*! 0 ”

A factitious substance [Terebinthina veneta factitia) is sold by L ^ ofdruggists for Venice turpentine. It is prepared by mixing 13v. 0