THE GALL OR DYERS’ OAK. 739

I'as'ibp"^ t * le se cretion of milk; lastly, burnt cork, mixed with sugar of lead and lard,The I** USe< ^ as au a Ppl' cat ion to piles.

Under ti ar ” e ca l ,su les or acorn-cups of Quercus JSgilops are imported from the Levant,0], Q le ,latne of Velonia. They are employed by dyers.

It Was f 6rcus coccifera is found a little hemipterous insect, called Kermes (Coccus Ilicis).hv ]l . °rnierly used both in dyeing and medicine. But its use has been superseded*I n ® c °chiueal.

' v hite a i cus fateata, a peculiar substance, called Quercia , has been discovered. It is4tialo, r 11 ^ as tdess ; combines with the mineral acids to form salts ; and has a strongerto the earths than to organic alkalies.

fi.

Order 24. Ulma'ce.e, Mirbel. — The Elm Tribe.

,Ss Enti A t r

Cutup |. V HARACTE it- — Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, never m catkins,base of cam P anu l ate > inferior, irregular. Stamens definite, inserted into the

pend u i l le caljx ; erect in aestivation. Ovary superior, two-celled ; ovules solitary,or drii n 0US ’ st ‘9 mas two, distinct. Fruit one or two-celled, indehiscent, membranous,P ace ous. Seed solitary, pendulous; albumen none, or in very small quantity;sAr ,ibs St . ra ‘8'^t or curved, with foliaceous cotyledons; radicle superior. Trees or* r °pert Wlta sca brous, alternate, simple, deciduous leaves, and stipules (Lindley).Es.—E[ m bark is tonic and astringent.

Ur,

niUs campes'tris, Linn. L. D.— The Common small-leaved Elm.

Sex. Syst. Pentandria, Dijrynia.

jj (Cortex, L. Cortex interior, D.)

Pertv'L 0 ^-—Kioscorides (lib. i. cap. Ill) speaks of the astringent pro-15 QTa e ^ n bark.

fo Ur to f Y ’ ® EN - Char. — Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx campannlate,<:i)| npr e 1Ve ' to °thed, coloured, persistent. Stamen three to six. OvaryS<;< ^' Stigmas two. Fruit (a samara) suborbicular, with a broad8 p p Il0Us margin (Bot. Gall.)

f°Ur- c i pf ? AR ''— Leaves doubly serrated, rough. Flowers nearly sessile,■ Fruit oblong, deeply cloven, naked. (Sir J. E. Smith.)

A large tree, with rugged bark. By thelatter character it is readily distinguishedfrom Ulmus glabra , which has a smooth,dark, lead-coloured bark.

Has. — Southern parts of England.Flowers in March or April.

Description. —The officinal part of theelm is the inner cortical portion, or liber.To obtain it, the bark should be separatedfrom the tree in spring; and, after the epi-dermis and a portion of the external cortexhave been removed, the liber should bequickly dried.

As met with in the shops, the inner elmbark consists of thin, tough pieces, whichare inodorous, and have a brownish-yellowcolour, and a mucilaginous, bitter, veryslightly astringent taste,to Rinck (Geiger, Handb. d. Pharrn.), 100acid •— Resin 0’63, gum and mucus 203, impure

l annin ?) G - 5, oxalate of lime 0'3 (?), chloride of sodium (?) 4'G.

8, Jr,

tJlmy ca : m Pestris.niUx glabra.

1'arts ‘'° S ! Tio -N'.-—A ccordingWlir „■ ? bark contain :