ELEMENTS OK MATERIA MEDIC A.

990

2. Cinchona de Carthagena fibrosa. — Carthagena Fibrous Cinchona . .

Synonymes. — Quinquina de Colombie ligneux, Guibourt. China flava fibrosa 'zige gelbe China , Bergen . ir an d i l *

History. —This bark is not distinguished in commerce from the precedmt,*history, therefore, cannot be traced separately. _ nini er ' 1 ’'

It is uncertain at what period Carthagena Cinchona was introduced into co ^ (( . a ,It may have been contemporaneous with the Calisaya bark. Von Bergen sajfirst met with at public sales in the year 1805. . e( ] A*

Botany. — The origin of Carthagena fibrous hark is not accurately aseertaiit is imported in the same parcel with the Carthagena hard Cinchona — as ?° v areappear in commerce together, and closely resemble each other—I suspect theylained from the same species, either at different seasons or in different localities-

Commerce. —As the preceding kind. ,[,ed off>

Essential Character. — Coat thin, soft, of moderate thickness,—or ruunder-surface even, but rough to the touch ; colour pure ochre-yellow (Bergen )-fori"*Description. —The dimensions of the quills and flat pieces, as well as j uC hot |il 'and the appearance of their epidermis, agree with those ot the last-mentioned uosut' 1The coat is wholly or partially absent, especially in the flat pieces. The rele ^ ^ theis corky, and somewhat soft. Though apparently smooth, the under surface -JVtouch finely splintery- The prevailing tint of the cortical layers is ochre-yen" ( jj s titi'very fibrous and splintery fracture (both longitudinal and transverse) especta/ al! ilguishes this kind. The taste is at first wood}- and insipid, then somewhatastringent. The powder is between cinnamon and ochre-yellow. . , 0 „ a are

Commercial Varieties. —In commerce this and the last-mentioned Cineconfounded. . r.dbourb'*

The Quinquina Pitaya, Quinquina de la Colombie ou d’Antioqma ot «closely allied to, if indeed it be not identical with, this bark. f - nowh’S-

Composition. —No complete analysis of this hark has yet been made. The j al ulare the quantities of the cinchona alkalies obtained by Von Santen, and by G« /Kirst:- Sulp^f

I lb. of Bark . Cinchonia.

,1. Middling fine quills (from Cadiz in 1819).. 20 grs.

I 2. Flat pieces (from ditto) . 32 grs.

Von Santen J 3. Ditto (from Curacao in 1806) . 30 grs. ,, r s.

I 4. Ditto, thicker (from ditto). 34 grs. ^ [)rs.

'5. Ditto, uncoated (from ditto) . . . . Jjj.

Goebel and Kirst obtained 54 grs. of pure Quinia, but could detect no cine .j o „ in£Cryptogamia. —Very few cryptogamic plants are found on this bark. The Iare mentioned by Von Bergen ( Monogr. S. 297):— parm e ^ a

Lichenes.—T helotrema bahianum; Pyrenula porinoides ; P. discolor ;melanoleuca; and Usnea florida 5 Cinchona.

Quinta-

H fT*15 ^23

o-rs-

3. Cinchona de Cusco .— Cusco Cinchona.

.... The

This bark was described in 1830 by Guibourt ( Joum. de Chirn. Med. vi- ^ J .,^ij sa ya)flat uncoated pieces may, by inexperienced persons, be mistaken for yellow ( eC ipi'bark: but they may be distinguished by sulphate of soda not producing any P e )lo"'tate in their infusion, whereas it causes a precipitate with the infusion of ,®,jyiiall./(Calisaya) bark. The middling, and smaller pieces and quills are in general P un) i*or wholly covered with a whitish, smooth, uncracked epidermis. The reteorange-red, and corky. The colour of the inner surface is yellowish cinnamon g ] 0 or.Touched by nitric acid, both rete mucosum and cortical layers become of a " ee P e nC |]oni aThe only vegetable alkali which Guibourt obtained from Cusco cinchona was ci(about 3j. from a pound of bark). The red cinchonia was present in abundanc • ^ 0 fGuibourt considers this bark to be identical with the Arica Bark {E'corce a ^ eC „ni ePelletier and Coriol {Joum. de Pharm. xv. 565). But Arica bark is said to ^^a-

? reen on the application of nitric acid, and to yield a peculiar alkali terme . j t isn 1830, I procured from M. Pelletier a cinchona which he called Arica a , ,,,-eei 1paler than the Cusco cinchona of Guibourt; but, like the latter, is not render oby nitric acid. . -j to re '

The China rubiginosa of Bergen {Pharm. Central-Blatt. fur 1830,121) i s s cindi 00 ®*semble Carthagena fibrous bark. Guibourt says it is identical with his Cusco