ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA.
902 ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA.
. 1
(Journ. de Pharm. vii. 109) analyzed it, and found a fatty matter, a peculiar a< f jiia ger i' 1acid), a red resinoid matter, yum, starch, yellow colouring mutter, alkulescensmall quantity, and lignin.
2. Red Cinchona , with a white micaceous Epidermis.
Under this name Guihourt designates a red bark bavin*'’ a white micaceous *P'and which I have found intermixed with the red bark of commerce.
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False Cinchona Barks, ( Cinchona falsa:).
placed those barks which have been hit 1- '
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Division II.this division areinto commerce
cies of Cinchona (Decandolle). Their physical characters m' e - r ymost part very different from those of the genuine: moreover, ti .not known to contain quinia, cinchonia, or aricina. , y of
With the exception of Pitaya Cinchona , I have never met wit* 1 _•
them in English commerce. The following are those best knot' n •
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1. Cinchona de Sancta Lucia ; St. Lucia Bark ; Quinquina Piton, or ^
Lucie, Guihourt; Bark of Exostema floribundum, a native of the ” ^islands.—Its bitter principle is called Montanin. , ;|,„iirl ■
2. Cinchona Carib.ea; Caribaan or Jamaica Bark; Quinquina caraibeAf ^
Bark of Exostema caribeeum, a native of most of the West India W a "Mexico . ( M ltl!,l>
3. Cinchona [falsa] peruviana ; Peruvian [false] Cinchona ; Ecorce de
du Perou, Guihourt; Bark of Exostema peruvianum, a native of the coof Peru , between the river Chota and the village,of Queroeotillo. , p r tsd-
4. Cinchona brasiliana; Brazilian Cinchona; Ecorce d'Exastemusa j-j}ra*il*
Guibourt; Quinquina dePiauhi; Bark of Exostema Souzanum, a native o'
—It yields an organic alkali, called Esenbeckina. o 0 f « n
5. Cinchona Pitaya ; Pitaya Cinchona ; Quinquina bicolore, Guibourt; hat f.y
unascertained tree [ Exostema ? Malanea racemosaf\. — It has been ana I lV ||icl>MM. Folchi and Peretti, who discovered a new alkaline principle in 1 ’they have termed Pitaina. (B> r ^
*** The Californian Cinchona (Cinchona California), the Cinchona de Rio d°; ne>r , 0 ^\\>edof Buena hexandra ?), ami the Quina de Serra (bark of a species of Remij 10 )by some pharmacologists, I am unacquainted with.
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Composition. —In February 1791, Fourcroy {Ann. de Chim- ylU ' g \\e&and ix. 13) published an analysis of St. Lucia Bark (formerlyj^qgSt. Domingo Bark), which was long regarded as a model of ve ? %c \.analysis. In 1802, Seguin (Ann. de Chim. xcii \ V 21273 and 304) concluded, that as the active principle of p 11 a „ff,was precipitated by an infusion of nutgalls, it must be gelatin®’ .^gctherefore, proposed and employed the use of clarified glue as a frW ^in intermittents. In 1803, Dr. Duncan, jun. (. Nicholson's J° ur1> \l t be225) shewed that the active principle could not be gelatine, but inU ]g o(i.a substance sui generis, which he, therefore, termed cinchonia. l u 0 uVauquelin (Ann. de Chim. lix. 113) published someseventeen kinds of cinchona. In 1810, Gomes (Mem. da Acad. u. qoO)Sciencias de Lisboa, iii. 201; and Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. vll ‘^ rlll .succeeded in isolating cinchonia and obtaining it in a crystalli ne jIn 1820, Pelletier and Caventou (Journ. de Pharm. vii. 49) an ” 0U j lC niiithe existence of two organic alkalies, cinchonia and quinia, in ci nC ‘ ^- r jbark. In 1829, Pelletier and Coriol (Ibid. xv. 505) discovered aalkali, aricina, in a new kind of cinchona bark. liisto^
The preceding are the most important epochs in the chemicalof the cinchona barks.