dyer’s madder.

1029

iUan 10 } Z (Gmelin, Handb. d. Chem. ii. 1280),11 {Ann. Chim. et Phys. xxiv. 225).

Ip - Bucholz.

l: x *y re| i colouring' matter ..

^Sl editt0 .V

n i 0 "' 1 ' substance,soluble i

John {Ibid.) and Ivuhl-

1-2

390

A t)h^ 0tas ^ an d hot alcohol. 1’9

0un,J ent e!£ tractive . 0 - 6

W„> matter. 9 0

r\(,- \ * " a n'

fi hre ,

potash

V 4etahl >luble ln l .

• e salts of lime, with colour-

W at ^g matter.’. 1-8

Lt* s .. .12-0

Madder

Kuhlmann.

Red colouring matterYellow ditto ( Xanthin)Mucilage

Nitrogenous matterBitter substanceGumSugar

Woody fibreVegetable acidPorous resinSalts in the ashes.

Madder root.

root. lOO'O I

Th

ve S (_- e na ture of the colouring matters of madder has been farther in-(i au l jj ate( l by Robiquet and Colin (Ann. Chim. et Phys. xxxiv. 225), byof g ! er Claubry and Persoz (Ibid, xlviii. 69), and by Runge ( Recordsti 0n C * ewce > ii. 452, and iii. 44 and 135). According to the last men-j[ le c hemist, there are no less than five colouring matters in madder.^ Sa me chemist mentions two colourless acids of madder; viz. Mad-j an d Rubiacic Acids. The colouring matters are as follows:—

l l °'vds!^ a< ^ er ,f >w pfe C Purpurin, Robiquet and Colin).—An orange-yellow crystalline*troi 10 . ' , M is slightly soluble in cold water, very readily so in alcohol and ether. *the c»] Ut ' on °f alum dissolves it. Alkalies dissolve it, forming eherry-red solutiodlto,

A

solutions.

Cc eH ° Urs which it imparts to mordanted tissues are less permanent than those pro-

,.*%£ 8dder -" id - ,

ll *abl e I, er Pod (? Alizarin , Robiquet and Colin).—Is red, insipid, odourless, crystal-

"at er , ’7 sublimation, insoluble in a strong solution of alum, almost insoluble in coldSoltis soluble in alcohol and ether. Alkalies dissolve it, forming violet-coloured^ dyes cloths, which have been mordanted, red. Its composition is

W add^rf t ^ er Orange .—Is very soluble in ether, sparingly so in cold alcohol. If water

4. ju }'} a hot solution in spirit, crystals are deposited.

h h as a ®“er Yellow (? Xanthin, Kuhlmann).—It is very soluble in water and alcohol.

5. a ffiuity for cotton impregnated with the alum mordant.

Brown.—Not being valuable as a dye-stuff, it has not been ca

is P ® Ysi °logical Effects.— The influence of madder over the system(Cn n Singly slight. Its topical effect is scarcely obvious. HomeOn, • ^ x P er ^ me nts, p. 422, 2d ed.) ascribed to it emmenagogue qualities.ev er tS ^ ave declared it to be diuretic. Neither of these effects, how'-Were observed by Dr. Cullen (Mat. Med.) It may, perhaps, possessIj’ as1 ^ in g e nt, and tonic properties.

col*. • t le most remarkable physiological effect of madder is that ofby p r . ln 8 the bones of animals fed with it, red. This fact was noticedand Jy lGr Phil. Tram. vol. xxxix.); though Beckmann (Hist, of Invent.it ate iii. 279) has adduced evidence to prove that some hints ofis p ? be found in the works of the ancients. This effect on the bonesbj r q s ouced in a much shorter time in young than in old animals. Inup, ’ be beak and claws become coloured. As the nerves, cartilages,t° r °ses, tendons, and periosteum are not tinged, the effect is ascribedl °att e e c " e, nical affinity of the phosphate of lime for this colouringit ^ f f ‘ Mr. Gibson (Manchester Memoirs, i. 146, 2d Ser.) accounts forlows:—The blood charged with the red particles imparts its super-