HEDGEHOG PTEROCARPUS.
1143
a feeble smell. It scarcely communicates colour to water. Alcohol,,, as alkaline solutions, readily extract the colouring matter. The***** solution is violet-red, and forms a precipitate ( santalin ) on theaition of acids. The alcoholic solution produces precipitates withi. v *- r al metallic solutions: thus, violet with solutions of lead, scarlet withchloride of mercury, and deep-violet with sulphate of iron.Composition. —Red sandal wood was analyzed by Pelletier ( Journ.V 8, Ixxix. 268), who found in it a peculiar colouring matter , which heMr Santa ^ n (ab° ut 10'75 per cent.), extractive, gallic acid, and woody
Saniatin is dark-red, with a resinous appearance; almost insoluble in water, butv ol f ' n a I c °b°l, alkaline solutions, ether, acetic acid, and slightly so in some of thehoi' 6 °’b ( as die oil of lavender and rosemary). The effects produced on its alco-hiiM ai *d a lkaline solutions by salts, &c. are similar to those above mentioned on theUre of the wood. The composition of santalin is carbon 75 - 03, hydrogen 6‘37,*^18 (5; orOHSOs.
^"ses.— It is employed in medicine as a colouring agent. (See Tine-
l —- 11 18 empioyeu in meuu;
r ° Lavandulae composita, p. 827).
H
Sex. St/st. Diadelphia, Decandria.
rac tum, l. —Kino. Concrete exudation of this and other undetermined genera and species, E .—Kino[plant yielding it unnamed], D.)
J^stohy.—I n 1757 Dr. Fothergill {Med. Obs. and Inq. i. 358, 4th edWs ^ escr ^bed an astringent gum, which he supposed (though on very
} lg f evidence) to have been brought from the river Gambia ; and hence,j le nned it gummi rubrum astringens gambiense. In 1774 it was intro-into the Edinburgh Phamacopceia as gummi kino; and in 1787t ,° *be London Pharmacopoeia as resina kino. It was described, underby i-besig na .tion, in the third edition of Lewis’s Exp. Hist, of the Mat. Med .,Aikin, in 1784. In 1794, Schenck {Coll. Diss. med. Marburg, t. v.lls bed an inaugural dissertation on it. I have not been able to ascer-r e f e "by it was called kino ; nor can the precise nature of the substance"itl^^ b e now ascertained. Several years since I accidentally mety Urti ’ 'u the warehouse of an old drug firm in London , a substance markedlij i” 1 * r ubrum astringens, which I was told had formerly fetched a veryiijjlp i >r ’ ce - It has subsequently proved to be Butea gum. I was at firstto believe that it was the original astringent gum of Fothergill,A bas been described by Professor Guibourt {Hist, des Drag. ii. 428,of p ■) as gomme astringente de Gamble. But a more attentive perusalIt j s °‘bergill’s paper has led me to doubt their identity (see Butea gum).is ^^Wiewhat remarkable, however, that the Hindu name for Butea gump eiil or kuenee. Is this the source of the European term kino?Sp T p NY ' Ltf.x. Char. —See Pterocarpus santalinus.
Phbe — Leaflets alternate, elliptical, obtuse, smooth above, rufous-
(fj beneath. Fruit with a very short, lateral, straight point
nn^^^bng-sized tree. Leaves deciduous. Flowers papilionaceous,°us, yellow.