1236

ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA.

The ju> cc

and water*

state, but it yields some excellent preserves and sweatmeatsis employed to flavour punch and negus. It forms, with sugar a,|l ‘’ r ya refreshing, refrigerant beverage. The essential oil is used in p eiand may be employed in medicine for scenting.

Ci'trus Berga'mia, Risso.— The Bergamot Citrus.

Citrus Limetta Bergamium, L .—Citrus Limetta, E.

Sex. Syst . Polyadelphia, Polyandria.

(Oleum £ fruetus cortice destillatum, L .—Volatile oil of tlie rind of the fruit,

Botany. Gen. Char. —See Citrus Medica. obtuse

Sp. Char. — Leaves oblong, more or less elongated, acute or g( pider-side somewhat, riale. Petiole mnrfi nr Ipss wimred or m o ^.

under-side somewhat pale. Petiole more or less winged — ge .Flowers usually small, white. Fruit pale yellow, pyriform or ,f^P pt andrind with concave receptacles of oil; pulp more or less acid (* l °Amott).

Hab. —Cultivated in the South of Europe . ,

Description. —The volatile oil or essence of bergamot (oleum J p r01 ri

oleum bergamotee), imported from the South of Europe , is proem® tb°the rind of the fruit. It may be obtained either by expressionvolatile oil of lemons) or by distillation (Raybaud, Journ de ^ aAoiit 1834). It is pale greenish yellow, with a remarkable . ^jgjnonSisp. gr. of 0‘885. Its composition is identical with that of oil olbeing C 10 H 8 . . use fid

Uses. —Oil of bergamot is employed as a perfume only. I* lSodoriferous adjunct to unguents.

Ci'trus Limo'num, Risso, L. E.— The Lemon-tree.

Ci'trus med'ica, D. £_Frif* t '

(Fruetus. Fruetus cortex exterior. Oleum £ fruetus cortice exteriori destillatum. . Succus^,^ e t QRind of the fruit. Volatile oil of the rind of the fruit, E.~ Fruetus succus, tunica eoleum volatile, £>.) qHC*

History. —It is supposed that the Greeks and Romans "' elC ^, n toquainted with the Orange and Lemon , which only became kn ^

Europeans at the time of the Crusades (Macfadyen, in Hooke t j, e

Miscel. vol. i p. 299). This supposition receives confirmation h ^, oJ1 t,fact, “ that the Persian and Arabian authors do not, as is tne ^ 0 f

give any Greek synonyme of either^ beeVthe citron, which is supposed to ha'known to the Romans” (Royl e >

Fig. 229.

Citrus Limonum

P- 130 )- riTB t?»

Botany. Gen. Char. — SeeMedica. .^j e .

Sp. Char. —Young branches “ eX | je d,Leaves oval or oblong, usually t0 °Petiole simply margined. Flowers oftinged with red. Fruit yellow, oV °^rarely globular; terminated by a in ° nVe xless elongated knob; rind with c ° ^vesicles of oil; pulp acid (WigmAmott). nv lei

Hab. —A native of Asia (Himalaya * 0 jPersia , Risso). Cultivated in the S°Europe .