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Analysis of railways: consisting of a series of reports on the twelve hundred miles of projected railways in England and Wales, now before Parliament : together with those which have been abandoned for the present session; to which are added, a table of distances from the proposed London termini to eight well-known places in the metropolis; a table exhibiting the length, cost, tunnelling, curves, etc., of each of the railways for which bills are now in progress through Parliament : with a glossary; and other useful information / by Francis Whishaw
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GLOSSARY.

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structed of cast iron columns, supporting an entablature of thesame material; the effect of the whole is striking.

On the Manchester and Bolton Railway, where little heightexists between the level of the rails and the roads passing over it,Mr. Hartley, the engineer, has separated the two lines of way byiron columns, thus shortening the bearings, and enabling him togive the least practicable depth to the road bearers, and thegreatest possible height for the passage of the locomotives.

The bridge, carrying the Edgware-road over the BirminghamRailway, is constructed of iron springing plates, with intermediatearches of brick, built in cement.

On the Southampton Railway, some of the bridges are con-structed of cast iron girders, supporting Yorkshire stone land-ings ; but the objection to this method is, the difficulty of makingwater-tight joints.

The bridge at present erecting, to carry the North Union Rail-way over the river Weaver, at Preston, under Mr. Vignoles’direction, is entirely of stone, and consists of five semi-ellipticalarches, each of 140 feet span.

One of the most elegant railway bridges which has, as yet, beenerected, is that on the line of the Birmingham Railway, at Rugby ;it is constructed of cast iron, and the whole is designed, in thestyle of architecture characterizing the buildings of Rugby School .

The number of bridges required for a railway varies in almostevery instance : on the Manchester and Liverpool line, there areabout two in a mile, exclusive of the viaducts ; on the Leeds andSelby Railway, the proportion is about 2| th bridges per mile.

In the projected Railways now before Parliament , there are 2 abridges in a mile.

BUFFING APPARATUS.

This is a sort of spring carriage attached to railway vehicles toprevent the unpleasant shock to passengers, occasioned by thesudden stopping of a train ; it also prevents injury to the carriages.

The machine for this purpose used on the Dublin Railway isconstructed of longitudinal spiral springs, and is altogether on themost approved principle.

CARRIAGE.

The carriages used on railways are built in a variety of forms;the most approved are the first class carriages on the Manchester

 
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