MANUFACTURES.

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Manufac-

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Jr°roposi-’ ,0 >> ofdif-'Went var-® ls hes.

left from the burning of rosin, pitch, or linseed oil,which the makers of lamp-black burn for 'the purposeof condensing.

(1155.) Composition of different varnishes. —Eightpounds of the best African gum copal is to be fused ;when completely in a fluid state two gallons of hot oil(old measure) are put to it; it is then to boil fifteenminutes; three gallons of turpentine taken from the topof a cistern is then to be added; but when the varnishis strained, if it is found too thick, more heated turpen-tine must be mixed with it.

Artiste virgin copal. —The most transparent piecesmust be chosen from a good sample of African gumcopal; they are to be broken very small and dried beforea gentle fire; after they become cool they are to bepounded into a coarse powder; then broken bottles orflint glass is to be boiled in soft water and soda, inorder to cleanse it thoroughly, which is likewise to bepounded; the glass is to be dried in an oven; twopounds of it is now to be well mixed with three poundsof the pounded copal, and to be put into the gum pot tofuse ; the glass will prevent the gum from adheringtogether, so that but little fire is required. When it isin a sufficient fluid state three quarts of clarified oil*very hot, should be poured to it; it must then beallowed to boil some time; five quarts of old turpentineis to be put in, and then to be immediately strained ; itmust be exposed to the air and light, but kept bothfrom the sun and wet until of sufficient age for use.

Cabinet varnish. —Seven pounds of fine Africangum copal is to be fused and added to half a gallon ofpale clarified oil; in three or four minutes it is to betaken out of doors, then three gallons of oil mixed withit; it is then rendered fit for use.

Best body copal varnish for coachmakers, fyc. —Twogallons of clarified oil is to be added to eight pounds offine African gum copal fused; it must be boiled veryslowly for four or five hours until quite stringy; threegallons and a half of turpentine are to be mixed with it;it is then to be strained and poured into a cistern. Var-nishes made entirely from African copal possess morefluidity, pliability, and softness than those made fromanimi; the former keep the colour better, but the latterbecome darker after they are applied. Genuine copalvarnish wears well; it never cracks, but, since it takes along time to dry, coachmakers add to two pots of it8 pounds of fine pale gum animi,

2 gallons of clarified oil,

3J gallons of turpentine.

To be boiled four hours. This, after it is strained, isPut hot into the two pots of varnish and well mixedtogether; this is done to cause the whole to dry quicka nd enable it to take a polish sooner.

mixture will dry quicker and harder than the best body Mechanicalcopal, but will not wear so long. Processes.

Quick drying Body Copal Varnish for Coaches.,

8 pounds of the best African copal,

2 gallons of clarified oil,

£ pound of dried sugar of lead,

3i gallons of turpentineBoiled till stringy, and mixed and strained.

8 pounds of fine gum animi,

2 gallons of clarified oil,

1 pound of white copperas,

3J gallons of turpentine.

Boil as before. Mixed and strained while hot in thefirst-mentioned pot. The mixture of these two ingre-dients will dry in six hours in winter and four in sum-mer ; it is principally used for varnishing old work ondark colours, &c.

Best Pale Carriage Varnish.

8 pounds second sorted African copal,

2J gallons of clarified oil.

Boiled till very stringy.

£ pound of dried copperas,

£ pound of litharge,

5& gallons of turpentine.

Strained, &c.

8 pounds of second sorted gum animi,

2 gallons of clarified oil,

i pound of dried sugar of lead,i pound of litharge,

5$ gallons of turpentine.

To be mixed to the first while hot. This varnish re-quires the same time to dry as the last mentioned ; it isused for all the purposes of coachmakers, house painters,

&c.; its drying quality and strong gloss makes it veryuseful for general purposes.

Second Carriage Varnish.

8 pounds of second sort of gum animi,

21 gallons of fine clarified oil,

5^ gallons of turpentine,i pound of litharge,i pound of dried sugar of lead,i pound of dried copperas.

Boiled and mixed as before. When three runs arepoured into the boiling pot, and the regular proportionsadded and well boiled, it will dry in half the time ofthe former varnishes; it is principally used for darkwork.

Common Body Varnish for Coachmakers.

8 pounds of best African copal,

3 gallons of clarified oil,

3^- gallons of turpentine.

tiod four hours, or until stringy. When mixed, it willproduce about five gallons and a half.

8 pounds of the best gum animi,

2 gallons of clarified oil,

R .. 3 A gallons of turpentine.

*>oil as usua | b e m i xe( j anc i strained hot, and

pu into the former pot of African gum varnish. Twopo s of animi varnish is to be put to one of copal; this

Wainscot Varnish.

3 pounds of second sorted gum animi,

3 gallons of clarified oil,i pound of litharge,r pound of dried copperas,i pound of dried sugar of lead,gallons of turpentine.

To be boiled until it becomes very stringy, and then mixedand strained. This varnish is likewise used for thesame purposes as the above, and dries in the same time.Mahogany varnish is either made with the same propor-tions, or with a small portion of gold size.