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the goodman and his familie from the quacke or pose wherewith asthen verie few were oft acquainted.”

In these days we have too much reason to complain of Harrison’s“ medicine ” for the quacke and pose; as our flues, from economy, orother mistaken notions, are not made sufficiently spacious to allow a freepassage for the smoke. And, indeed, as will appear hereafter, in thoseearly days of flue-building, a “ smoky chimney” was an evil by nomeans uncommon.

A court chimney is sometimes mentioned; but what it was does notseem to be very clearly understood. “ They use no rost but for them-selves ; nor no fire, but a little court chimnie in their owne chamber.”*Archdeacon Nares supposes it to be an angle chimney, or a stove.

The examples of chimney - shafts given in this Plate are fromPenshurst, Tonbridge , and a farm-house called “ Duckings,” at Withy-ham, in Sussex, near Buckhurst, an ancient seat of the Sackvilles, nowthe residence and property, by marriage, of the Earl de la Warre,

Plate V.— Wt)t —No longer required for the purposes

of defence or incarceration, the ponderous timber gate, with its “ jealouswicket,” yields to one of lighter proportions, which may be placed at theentrance to the domain, instead of being a barrier between the base andinner courts.

Among other devices, niches with figures of benefactors weresometimes placed over entrance-gates to cities and religious houses.Hans Holbein ’s gate at Whitehall, built about 1530, was ornamented withbusts, in circular moulded recesses, of baked clay, glazed in the manner

• * Green’s Quip for an Upstart.

at