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purpose of commemoration. “ In an outer ward of Pembroke Castle, ’says Leland, “ I saw the chambre whir King Henry VII . was born in, inknowledge of which a chimmeney is new made, with the arms and badges ofHenry VII. ”* In 1368, a Paduanese nobleman paid a visit to Rome ; hisname w r as Francesco da Carraro. Being lodged at the sign of the Moon ,an inn of note, he found that the fire was kindled, according to thecustom of that city, in a brazier, placed in the middle of the room;whereupon he sent for workmen, and caused two chimneys to beconstructed in the manner of those in use at Padua. Over these, whichwere the first ever erected in Modern Rome, he placed his arms as amemorial of the event.t

The chimney-piece of the great chamber was a feature of the proudbaron’s house, in which he seldom failed to display his heraldic insignia;and its capacious size, unlike those of the present day, afforded sufficientspace for that purpose. Two remarkable specimens of the fifteenthcentury, profusely decorated in this manner, are yet left at TattershallCastle, Lincolnshire ^ built by Ralph, Lord Cromwell, lord treasurer.In one of them there are no fewer than eleven coats, referring to hispedigree; and eight compartments filled with purses — his badge ofoffice. Nor were chimney-pieces less splendid in their architecturalembellishments. The deficiency of costly material was generally sup-plied by elaborate masonry.

-“ ycorbcu

Sffilitj) crodutcs on corneres.”

“ ©iMong fottf) fcnottes grabrn thre.”

* Rev. T. D. Fosbroke. + Beckmann’s History of Inventions.

| Plates of these are given in “ Pugin ’s Specimens of Gothic Architecture,” the best workof the kind yet published. The literary part, with an excellent glossary, by Mr. E. J. Willson.