ALCOHOL.— Alcoholomethy. Trali.f.s’ Tables. 129
of the liquor in an accurate specific gravity bottle, orby hydrometer.
The latter mode is generally adopted, being moreexpeditious in practice. Yarious hydrometers areemployed, the principal ones being Beaume’s, Sikes’,and Dicas’, all of which have corresponding tables toindicate the quantities of alcohol according to thegravity. It being thought more convenient andsimple to have an instrument which would indicateat once the amount of alcohol, one was formed,partly on the plan of the hydrometer, to which theterm alcoholometer has been applied; it may be madeeither of glass or brass. Tralles, in constructingone of these instruments, has drawn up the annexedalcoholometric table for gu'dance, which shows, fromthe portion of the stem immersed in the liquor, theamount of alcohol contained at 00° Fahr.
Tralles’ Table VII.
ij
♦j’p
c >
£
Length otimmersed part ofstem. 1
Distance betweendegrees of
1 scale indicating
per cent.
Per cent alcohol,by volume.
1
Length ofimmersed part ofstem.
Distance betweendegrees ofscale indicatingper cent
0
9
51
735
23
1
24
15
52
758
23
2
39
15
53
782
24
3
54
15
54
806
24
4
68
14
55
830
24
5
82
14
56
854
24
G
95
13
57
879
25
7
108
13
58
905
26
8
121
13
59
931
26
9
133
12
60
957
26
10
145
12
61
984
27
11
157
12
62
1011
27
12
169
12
63
1033
28
13
180
11
64
1067
28
14
191
11
65
1096
29
15
202
11
66
1125
29
16
213
11
67
1154
29
17
224
11
68
1184
30
18
235
11
69
1215
31
19
245
10
70
1246
31
20
256
10
71
1278
32
21
266
10
72
1310
32
22
277
11
73
1342
32
23
288
11
74
1375
33
24
299
11
75
1409
34
25
310
11
76
1443
34
26
321
11
77
1478
35
27
332
11
78
1514
36
28
344
12
79
1550
36
29
355
11
80
1587
37
30
367
12
81
1624
37
31
380
13
82
1662
38
32
393
13
83
1701
39
33
407
14
84
1740
39
34
420
13
85
1781
41
35
434
14
86
1823
42 „
36
449
15
87
1866
43
37
465
16
88
1910
44
38
481
16
89
1955
45
39
498
17
90
2002
47
40
515
17
91
2050
48
41
533
18
92
2099
49
42
551
18
93
2150
51
43
569
18
94
2203
53
44
588
19
95
2259
56
45
608
20
96
2318
59
46
628
20
97
2380
62
47
648
20
98
2447
67
48
669
21
99
2519
72
49
690
21
100
2597
78
50
712
22
VOL. i.
In the practical application of the preceding table,when graduating the alcoholometer, it is requisiteto have two liquids of a standard strength andtemperature.
Distilled water may be one of these, and the otherany alcoholic liquor, the percentage of which hasbeen precisely determined, but it is necessary thatboth should be at 00° Fahr. The level at which theinstrument stands in each should bo scratched onthe stem, and the intermediate space accuratelydivided according to the strength of the liquid. Ifthe alcoholic liquor be 49 per cent., and the differencebetween the point to which the instrument sinksin this liquid and water be divided into 090 —■ 9 =081 equal parts, the addition of 22 such parts willindicate the point for 50 per cent., and 23 more for51 per cent., and so on, as is seen in the third columnin the table. By adding 9 such divisions below zero,or the water-level mark, the point is attained fromwhich the numbers in the second column in thetable are calculated for each succeeding per cent,of spirit.
In graduating the scale, it would perhaps be moreconvenient to have two instruments; one to haveindications denoting a percentage, say from 1 to 80,and the other from the latter up to pure alcohol.For this end it would, however, be absolutelynecessary to adjust the instrument having the higherindications, with two liquids at the normal degree oftemperature of the preceding, whose percentage ofalcohol should be 80 and 100; then, to observe thepoints to which it sinks in these, and divide theintermediate space into measures corresponding withthose in the table.
In constructing this alcoholometer it is essentialthat its stem should for ordinary purposes be as uni-form as possible. Tubes which do not vary through-out their length more than one-thirtieth of theirdiameter, may be safely used.
The temperature of the liquid must be at 00°Fahr., or else the true percentage must be calculatedfrom this gravity in the usual way, by the precedingTables III. or IV.
To dispense with the trouble of such a calculation,Tralles devised another table, by which the realpercentage of alcohol is found in liquids of differenttemperatures, from the results exhibited by the instru-ment. This table is given below, Table VIII., andcorresponds with the preceding Table III.
The numbers in the vertical columns under thetemperatures, are the observed degrees of thealcoholometer, and indicate the percentage of theabsolute alcohol by volume. If an alcoholic liquidat a temperature of 75° Fahr. be found to contain62-9 per cent, by volume, by reference to the tableits true percentage at G0° Fahr. is CO.
Tables IX. and X. following give the richness percent, by volume of the liquid at the temperature itpossesses when tested. They correspond with TableV., and like it require that the solution should betested at exactly the same temperature at which it ismeasured. Table IX. is for a glass, and Table X.for a brass alcoholometer.
17