214
ANILINE AND ANILINE DYES.— Manufacture of Aniline Oils.
Distinguishing these by the letters Iv and Brespectively, the following results are found, as the
result of carefully conducted experiments made bythat chemist:—■
'
Mixtures Containing—
Decrees 0.
K = 100
K = 90
K — 85
K = 80
K •* 75
K = 62-5
It = 60
K = 50
K = 375
K = 25
K = 0
B = 0
B ** 10
B = 15
B = 20
B as 25
B = 375
B = 40
B = 50
B = 62-5
B = 75
B = 100
180°
2-5
7
2-5
5-5
3-5
4
_
4
2
3
_
—
6
_
_
22
3-5
3
—
3
2
2-5
—
185°
54
50
29-5
—
5-5
2-5
7
4-5
—
2-5
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
190°
34
34
56*5
55-5
55-5
41
37
7-5
5-5
4-5
1 5
195°
_
5
7-5
8-5
15
25
33
42
40
17
8
200°
_
_
_
—
9
8-5
—
19
28-5
36
18
205°
_
_
_
—
4-5
5
16
10
11
16
39
210°
_
_
—
—
—
4-5
—
3-5
7-5
8
19
215°
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4-5
7
Residue,
3-5
4
4
8-5
3-5
6-5
7
6-5
3-5
5
5*5
The kind of oil most suitable for making fuchsineis that containing 75 per cent, of kuphaniline and 25baraniline, i.e., of which 92 per cent, distils below200° and 68° below 190°.
The following apparatus is described by Girardand De Laire for the fractional distillation of crudeaniline oils (“ Traite des Derives de la Ilouille,” Paris,1873) (Aniline , Plate 1.):—A distilling vessel providedwith two necks, and having a capacity of about a cubicmetre, is heated by a fire; the aniline vapour issuingfrom the neck is made to traverse a series of con-densing tubes immersed in a tank of aniline oil, soarranged that what is condensed in these wormsreturns to the still: the lowest boiling substance,not being wholly condensed, passes on to anothercondensing worm, and is thus separated. The anilineoil in the tank becomes heated and begins to distilalso, the tank being provided with a separate con-densing worm.
In the accompanying engraving (Aniline, Plate 1.) a cis the neck of the still communicating with the sinuouscondensing tube k;be, a second neck, for reflux of liquidcondensed in k; cl d, a tube connecting the tank i withits condenser o; f f a tube connecting the sinuoustube k, with its condenser n; g, a two-necked still;T>., manhole; i, a tank for the second batch of aniline,
to be distilled by means of the heat given out by thecondensation of vapours in the sinuous tube k;j, thereflux tube; l, tap for emptying still; m m, ther-mometers ; n, condensing worm for vapour from thestill g; o, condensing worm for vapour from tank i.
By means of an arrangement such as the foregoingit is easy to separate a crude oil into fractions pos-sessing a composition approaching to the following:—
light aniline oils.
3-7
below
ISO 0
34*2
180° to 185°
53-7 | 7*1 | 1*3
| above
185° to 190 |180° to 195°| 195°
Distilling at P C,....
HEAVY ANILINE OILS.
10
below
195°
20
195° to 200°
40 22
200° to 205° 205° to 210°
8
above
210°
Distilling at °C,.
Aniline Tailings.
Very little aniline, a little toluidine, xylidine,cumidine, &c., together with bye products such asphenylene diamine, paraniline, xenylamine, azoben-zide, acetaniline, and other homologues, &c.
Krouber gives the following valuable tablesillustrating the general characters of the benzols,nitrobenzols, anilines, and fuchsines, derivable theone from the other:—■
Sp. gr. ofBenzolat 15°.
Principalboiling pointof Nitro-benzol.
Yield ofAniline Oilper 100 partsof Nitrobenzol .
Principalboiling pointof AnilineOil.
Sp. gr. ofAniline Oilat 16°.
Yield of Colourobtainable,CrystallizableFuchsine beingtaken as 1000.
Tint of Colour communicated toGoods dyed therewith.
a
Degrees C.
83-84
0*9118
Degrees C.
205-210
1-1591
59
Degrees C.
180-185
1*0205
5
Dirty violet.
. Contains> chiefly
violanilitie.
b
80-85
0*9263
205-210
1*1617
55
180-185
1*0199
20
Reddish violet.
c
85-90
0-9154
210-215
1-1577
56
185-190
1-0181
110
Violet red.... -
( Mauvaniline< with a little
d
90-95
0-9210
210-215
1-1445
63
185-190
1-0139
160
Red.
[ rosaniline.
e
95-100
0 9089
215-220
1*1425
66
190-195
1-0109
230
Red.
f
100-105
0*9071
220-225
1-1365
73
195-200
1*0060
270
Red.
g
105-110
0*9048
220-225
1-1319
74
195-200
1-0018
240
Red.
h
110-115
0*9033
225-230
1*1235
69
200-205
1-0009
260
Red.
Contains- much chryso-toluidine.
i
115-120
0*9022
225-230
1-1187
74
200-205
0*9975
260
Yellowish red..
i
120-125
0-9009
230-235
1-1182
73
205-210
0-9943
200
Red.
k
125-130
0*9001
230-235
1-1093
74
205-210
0*9926
180
Red.
The benzol marked a was crystallizable. The [ yielded the following quantities of distillates at thenitrobenzols and anilines derived from these benzols | various temperatures indicated:—