SODA.— Hydrochloric Acid.
797
on condensation has been collected in the ableannual reports of the inspectors, and the escape ofgas has in each year in all the districts been greatlymitigated.
In 1863 K. C. Clapiiam, of Walker,entered into a number of experi-ments to prove the actual quantityof hydrochloric acid which could beobtained by condensation. The dailyproduction was ascertained in gaugedstone cisterns prepared for the pur-pose, and the strength and depth,&e., was carefully noted several timesa day. The salt which was used wastested daily for moisture and general
Fig. 9.
impurities, and the formeraveraged 6 per cent, andthe latter T5 per cent, oversix months. This left anaverage of 92'5 per cent,of chloride of sodium inthe salt, or equal to 57-7IIC1 in 100 parts of salt.
The sulphate of soda produced during the experi-ment was also tested daily, and contained an averageof 2-45 per cent, left undecomposed of common salt(NaCl), or equal to T52 IIC1 per cent., which isdeducted from the results given below :—
HCl.
January, 100 parts of salt gave (average), 58'8
densers, of which Fig. 9 is an illustration:—Thisapparatus consists of an ordinary Bunsen waterpump and a wet meter. To get rid of working themeter under the high pressure necessary to suckthe gases through the absorbing tubes, the metermeasures the gases after they have passed throughabsorbing tubes and pump, exhausting from themeter into the air. The pressure on the meter isnever above a fraction of an inch of water. A is theBunsen’s vacuum pump; b, water pipe to pump; c,discharge pipe from pump; D, pipe to absorbingapparatus; E, trap to collect gases passing throughpump; f, overflow pipe for water from pump; o,pipe for conveying gases to meter; ii, ordinary wetgas meter; I, absorbing tube ; J, glass pipe into flue;k, flue from chambers; l, escape pipe from meterinto the atmosphere.
CONTINUOUS TESTS FOR IIVDIiOCIII.OKIC ACID BY MAOTEAIt’SPROCESS.
February,
March,
April,
May,
June,
53-0
54'2
57- 4
58- 453-9
57-47
Loss or escape of gas,. 0'23
Total HCl in salt used,. 57'70
The above careful experiment, covering six .monthsof full work, equals an average of only 0-398 ofHCl in 100 parts of hydrochloric acid in the salt.
J. Mactear, of Glasgow , has given much attentionto the question of condensation, and has suggesteda continuous method of testing the escape from eon-
Date.
Grams HCl per Cubic Foot.
Regular Test,Nine a.m.,HCl per Foot.
.Day.
Night.
1876.
Dec. 18,.
_
•035
•052
“ 19.
•064
•022
•055
“ 20,.
•058
•016
—
“ 21,.
•039
•090
*055
“ 92,.
■063
•037
•090
“ 23,.
•074
—
•061
1877.
Jany. 3,.
•089
•062
•064
“ 4,.
•075
•060
•084
“ 5,.
•097
•125
■129
- “ 6,.
•112
—
•054
T29
Average, ....
•075
•049
•077
WEEKLY
AVERAGES FOR SIX MONTHS.
Grains HCl per Cubic Foot.
Date.
Average.
Day.
Night,
1876.
Dec. 23,.
•059
•029
•044
1877.
Jany. 6,..
•093
•051
•088
“ 13,.
•179
•081
•079
“ 20,.
•103
•054
•080
“ 27,.
•097
•087
•093
Felly. 3,.
■082
•049
•067
Average escape,
—
—
•075
Week Ending.
Percentage ofAcid Condensed.
Week Ending.
Percentage ofAcid Condensed.
May
14,....
97-6
Sept. 6.
97-5
ft
21,....
96*0
“ 13,....
96-3
28.
96-6
“ 20,....
96-4
June
4,....
96-6
“ 27,....
96*4
“
11.
96*2
Oct. 1,....
96-2
u
18,....
96-5
“ 8,....
96-7
“
25.
96-5
“ 15,....
96-1
July
2.
97-0
“ 22,....
96 2
ti
9,....
96-3
“ 29,....
96-4
“
16,....
98-3
Nov. 5,....
97-2
a
23,....
94-8
“ 12,....
97-8
(t
30,....
96-6
“ 19.
95-8
Aug.
6,....
96-6
“ 26,....
95-6
“
13.
96-4
Dec. 3,....
95-4
it
20.
96-3
“ 10,....
96-6
u
27,....
95-8
The above table shows the exact amount of liquid