A P P ( is ) A P P
APPANAGE , Fr. train, retinue. I
AFPAREIL, Fr. height or thicknessof a stone in the quarry; also, in archi-tecture, the method of cutting stonesand laying them.
Pierre APPAREILLEE, Fr. a stonecut to the measure given.
APPAREILLES , Fr. are those slopesthat lead to the platform of the bastion.See Fortification*
APPAREILLEUR, Fr. an architectwho superintends the workmen in theconstruction of fortifications, sluices, &c.a marker of stones to be cut.
APPEAL might formerly have beenmade, by the prosecutor or prisoner,from the sentence or jurisdiction of aregimental to a general court-martial.—At present no soldier lias a right to ap-peal, except in cases where his immedi-ate subsistence is concerned.
APPEL, Fr. a roll call, a beat ofdrum for assembling; a challenge.
Appel, in fencing, a smart beat withyour blade on that of your antagoniston the contrary side to that you haveengaged, generally accompanied with astamp of the foot, and used for the pur-pose of procuring an opening.
APPENTIS, Fr, in carpentry, a shed.See Hangar .
APPOINTE. This word was appli-cable to French soldiers only, during themonarchy of France , and meant a manwho, for his long service and extraordi-nary bravery, received more than com-mon pay. There were likewise instancesin which officers were distinguished bybeing styled ojficicrs appointts. They wereusually rewarded by the king.
The word appoints was originally de-rived from its being said that a soldierwas appointed among those who wereto do some singular act of courage, as bygoing upon a forlorn hope, &c. ike.
APPOINTMENT,in a military sense,is the pay of the army; it likewise ap-plies to warlike habiliments, accoutre-ments, &c.
APPREHEND, in a military sense,implies the seizing or confining of anyperson. According to the Articles ofWar, every person who apprehends a de-serter, and attests the fact duly before amagistrate, is entitled to receive twentyshillings.
APPROACHES. All the works aregenerally so called that are carried on to-wards a place which is besieged; such asthe first, second, and third parallels, the
trenches, epaulements with and withouttrenches, redoubts, places of arms, saps,galleries,and lodgments. See these wordsmore particularly under the head For tification .
This is the most difficult part of asiege, and where most lives are lost. Theground is disputed inch by inch, andneither gained nor maintained withoutthe loss of men. It is of the utmostimportance to make your approacheswith great caution, and to secure themas much as possible, that you may notthrow- away the lives of your soldiers.The besieged neglect nothing to hinderthe approaches; the besiegers do everything to carry them on; and on thisdepends the taking or defending the place.
The trenches being carried to theirglacis, you attack and make yourselfmaster of their covered-way, establish alodgment on their counterscarp, and ef-fect a breach by the sap, or by mineswith several chambers, which blow uptheir intrenchments and fougudes, orsmall mines, if they have any.
You cover yourselves with gabions,fascines, barrels, or sacks; and if theseare wanting, you sink a trench.
You open the counterscarp by saps tomake yourself master of it; but, beforeyou open it, you must mine the flanksthat defend it. The best attack of theplace is the face of the bastion, when byits regularity it permits regular ap-proaches and attacks according to art.If the place be irregular, you must notobserve regular approaches, but proceedaccording to the irregularity of it; ob-serving to humour the ground, whichpermits you to attack it in such a man-ner at one place, as would be useless ordangerous at another; so that the engi-neer who directs the attack ought exactlyto know the part he would attack, itsproportions, its force and solidity, inthe most geometrical manner.
Approaches, in a more confinedsense, signify attacks.
Counter Approaches are such trench-es as are carried on by the besieged,against those of the besiegers.
In France they had apprentices orsoldiers among the artillery, who servedfor less pay than the regular artillery-men, until they became perfect in theirprofession, when they were admitted tosuch vacancies as occurred m their re-spective branches.