SOL ( 840 ) SON
not only to the solid earth, upon whicha foundation is laid, but also to anythick massive body of mason-work,which has no cavity within.
SOLIDITY, (solidite, Fr.) is thequantity of space which a body fills, oroccupies in length, breadth, and thick-ness; called also the solid content audthe cube thereof. The space or soli-dity of a body is ascertained by makingthe product of the above three dimen-sions.
Solidity, in architecture. See So-lide, Fr.
SOLINS, Fr. the spaces which arebetween the joists, or rafters, above thebeams.
Solins also signify the lays of plas-tering along a gable end, for the pur-pose of keeping together the first tiles.
SOL1TAURILI A, (solitauriles, Fr.)sacrifices of three things of sundry kinds,as a bull, a ram, a boar, which weremade by the Romans in honour of Mars,the god of war.
SOLI.VE, Fr. in carpentry, a girder;a joist, or piece of wood slit, or sawed,with which the builders lay their ceil-ings-
These girders, or joists, are made ofdifferent thicknesses in proportion totheir several lengths; and their dis-tances from each other are usually equalto their depths. The author of theBuilder’s Dictionary uses the word so-live, as an English term. Belidor classesit under several denominations, viz.
Solive de brin, Fr. that which con-sists of the entire thickness of the tree.This kind is preferable in building, tothat which is rounded, cleft, or sawed.
Solives d'enxMveture, Fr. the twostrongest joists, or girders in a floor,which support the chevrons, or rafters.They are generally made of round, orUncleft wood. Those pieces which areof shorter dimensions, and are assembledan the roof a building, are likewise socalled.
Solive de sciage, Fr. those girders,or joists, which gre cut out of a thicktree according to its length.
Solive passante, Fr. joist, or rafter,of round, or uncleft wood, which runsthe whole breadth of a floor withoutany beam to support it.
Solive,-JV. a measure used in takingthe different dimensions of timber, andwhich is supposed to contain three cubicfeet; thus the soiree in the measuring
of timber, is what the cubic toise is withrespect to that of ground or mason-work. The French divide the solive intosix feet, which they call pieds de solive,(which see.) The pied or foot, into 13inches, called pouccs de solive; and theinch into 12 lines, which are likewisecalled lignes de solive. In order to forma correct idea of the solive, as a measurewith respect to all its parts, it must beconsidered as a parallelepiped, whosebase is a rectangle of 12 inches inbreadth, upon six in height, with thetoise for its length; this solid, (or paral-lelepiped) containing three cubic feet.
SOLIVEAU, Fr. a small girder, joist,or rafter.
SOLTICE, (solstice, Fr.) the pointbeyond which the sun does not go; thetropical point; the point at which theday is longest in summer, or shortestin winter. It is taken, of itself) com-monly for the summer solstice.
The Summer Solstice, (le solsticed'ete, Fr.) is when the sun is in thetropic of cancer, and gives us the long-est day, which is about the middle ofJ une.
The Winter Solstice, (le solsticed’hiver, Fr.) is when the sun is in thetropic of Capri corn, and gives us theshortest day, which is about the mid-dle of December. There is not anysolstice under the equator; there being,in that quarter, without variation, equalday and equal night.
SOLUTION , (solution , Fr.) resolu tion of a doubt; removal of any intel-lectual difficulty.
SOMACIIE, Fr. brackish, salt. Themixture of sea and river water is socalled, as eau somuche.
SOMME, Fr. See Sum.
SOMMERS, in an ammunition wa-gon, are the upper sides, supported bythe staves entered into them with oneof their ends, and the other into thaside pieces.
SOMMET, Fr. in geometry. SeeSummit.
SOMMIER, Fr. See Summer, inarchitecture and in carpentry.
Sommier d'un j>ont levis, Fr. SeeSeuil de pont levis.
SONAILLElt, Fr. a term usedamong the drivers of mules, to signifythe leading animal that has a bell tiedto his neck, which they call sonaille.
SONDE, Fr. sounding lead; also a