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.'invest. In tactics, to outflank and cutoff the means of retreating.

Surrounded, inclosed, invested. Atown is said to be surrounded when itsprincipal outlets are hlocked up; andan army, when its flanks are turned,and its retreat cut off.

SURSOLID, (sursotide, Fr.) in algebra,the fourth multiplication, or power, ofany number whatever, taken as the root.

Suusolid problem , in mathematics,that which cannot be resolved but bycurves of a higher nature than a conicsection.

SURTOUT, Fr. This term is usedby the French , to express the elevationof tiie parapet, and of the rampart,which is made at all the angles of afortified town or place, in order to pro-tect the garrison from enfilades andricochet firings.

SuiiTouT, Fr. a great coat. We alsouse the word surtout to signify theoutward garment of a man; generallyhowever one coat over another.

SURVEILLANCE , Fr. inspection;superintendence; the act of watching.This substantive is new among theFrench , and comes from Survedler , towatch.

Etre en Surveillance, Fr. to beunder the eye of the police, as is thecase of many an individual in Paris and elsewhere.

Conduit et Surveillance, Fr. aternj used in public offices ; a $ conduit eet surveillance dts prisonniers de guerre,conduct and management of prisonersof war.

SURVEY. A survey is an exami-nation of anv place or stores, &c. toascertain their fitness for the purposesof war, &c.

SURVEYING, in military mathe-matics, the art or act of measuringlands; that is, of taking the dimensionsof any tract of ground, laying down thesame in a map or drawing, and findingthe content or area thereof.

Surveying , called also geodeesia, is avery ancient art; it is even held tohave been the first, or primitive, partof geometry, and that which gave occa-sion to, and laid the foundation of allthe rest.

Surveying consists of three parts: thefirst is the taking of the necessary mea-sures, and making the most necessaryobservations, on the ground itself; thesecond is, the laying down of these

measures and observations On paper $and the third, the finding the area, orquantity of ground thc*re laid down.The first is what we properly call sur-veying; the second we call plotting,protracting , or mapping; and the third,casting tip.

The first again consists of two parts,viz. the making of observations for theangles, and the taking of measures forthe distances. The former of these isperformed by some one or other of thefollowing instruments, viz. the theodo-lite, circumfereuter, semi-circle, plaintable, or compass. The latter is per-formed by means either of the chain,or perambulator.

The second branch of surveying isperformed by means of the protractor,and plotting scale. The third, by re-ducing the several divisions, inclosures,&c. into triangles, squares, trapeziums,parallelograms, &c. but especially tri-angles; and finding the areas or con-tents of these several figures. SeeLove’s Geodazsia, and YVyld’s PracticalSurveyor.

SURVEYOR General of the Ord-nance. The surveyor general of theordnance is the second person in rankat the Board, which he attends withthe other principal officers, to give di-rections in all matters relating to thedepartment in general; and he is par-ticularly looked to at their meetingsfor his advice and opinion respectingcontracts and the prices of every arti-cle of store or material wanted for theordnance service; the artificers’ proporsals being referred to him for complyrisons to be made, in all cases wher eVthe lowest tender cannot be ascertainedat the time they are opened at theBoard. He is directed to survey allstores and provisions of war in chargeof the principal storekeeper, and to seethat they are properly placed for theirpreservation; to take care that all la-bourers, artificers, and workmen, arekept to their labours and duties, andthat the clerk of the cheque keeps hisaccount according to the rules pre-scribed. He is to peruse and allow allbills demanding payment of monies forgoods delivered, or for works and ser-vices done at home or abroad, and toexamine and allow all the accounts ofthe storekeepers and of the paymastersof the artillery, engineers, and othermilitary corps, under the direction of