IN SCOTLAND.

171

and capital, to his former habits of attention and frugality.When a small landed proprietor, on the other hand, has onlyland, and instead of spare money, is incumbered with debt,he cannot in that case advantageously occupy his own estate.It has often indeed happened, that a small proprietor, whohas improved his land with money borrowed for that purpose,has been obliged to sell his property without obtaining anyadequate remuneration for his improvements, although theestate was sold at its full value. The reason is, that a landedproprietor, cannot always be at the head of his servants, norexecute improvements so cheaply as they are done by afarmer.

2. On the Occupation of land by Proprietors of considerable

Estates.

In this case, five modes have been adopted by proprietors,according to the circumstances in which they are respective-ly placed. 1. Some occupy a part of their estates as a parkor forest for deer; 2. Some as a farm chiefly in grass; 3.Some as an arable farm ; 4. Some as an experimental farm ;and, 5. Some have taken in succession, the whole, or the great-er part of their estates, into their possession, for the sake ofimproving it.

1. To occupy land merely for the purpose of feeding deeris not profitable, the quantity of human food produced onthat extent of ground, being much less than if it were pas-tured by sheep or cattle. At the same time it is extremelydesirable, that great landed proprietors should have everyinducement to reside, for at least a considerable part of theyear, on their estates, where their presence is so useful, andon that account, the moderate extent of ground hitherto al-lotted for the maintenance of fallow deer in Scotland, is notto be regretted. In regard to those extensive forests, for themaintenance of the wild or red deer, with wdiich the High-lands of Scotland formerly abounded, they have been great-