IN SCOTLAND.

179

4. Local circumstances .—These are various, hut they areprincipally connected with the following particulars : 1. Theelevation, climate, and quality of the soil2. Vicinity togreat towns or markets ;—3. Advantages of conveyance;—and, 4. Easy access to manure.

After these remarks on the causes of inequality in the sizeof farms, we shall now proceed (ogive a general view of theirextent in the several districts into which Scotland is divided,according to the arrangement in this work.

In the 1st district, which contains the greatest proportionof arable land, and where the cultivation is conducted in themost correct manner, with a considerable variety in their di-mensions, the farms, in general, are larger than in any otherdistrict, in which the land is chiefly under the plough. Se-veral farms exceed 1000 English acres; and, excepting in thevicinity of Edinburgh and other towns, there are not many be-low 100. The average of the whole is nearly 300 acres. Yetin Roxburghshire, a few farms exceed 2000 ; a single farmeroccupies at present four farms, containing in all 3300 acres ;and in Berwickshire, a sin<de farmer has been known to oc-cupy, in four or five farms, 4000 acres. In East Lothian there are also farms from 500 to 1000 acres, and in somecases as much as 1500, and even 2000 acres; and a fewin West Lothian extend from 500 to 600. But the numberof smaller farms in Mid Lothian, (many of which are below100, while few exceed 300 acres), joined to the moderate ex-tent of the farms in the other two Lothian counties, reducethe general average to 200 English acres.

In the 2d, or Pastoral District, (which though more south-erly than the first, contains a much smaller proportion of ar-able land, and is chiefly adapted to the raising of live stock),the sheep farms are seldom below 600 or 700, and sometimesreach to 7000 acres. The arable farms are from 50 to 600acres; though this last number is only found in Dumfries-shire. But three or four farms in Selkirkshire extond to 500each; while, in the two Galloway counties, (viz. Wigton and